{"id": "enwiki-00066583-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Duke Blue Devils football team\nThe 1949 Duke Blue Devils football team represented the Duke Blue Devils of Duke University during the 1949 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066584-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Duquesne Dukes football team\nThe 1949 Duquesne Dukes football team was an American football team that represented Duquesne University as an independent during the 1949 college football season. In its first and only season under head coach Phil Ahwesh, Duquesne compiled a 3\u20136 record and was outscored by a total of 210 to 140.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066585-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Dutch Supercup\nThe inaugural Dutch Supercup (Dutch: Nederlandse Supercup) was held on 25 June 1949 at the Goffertstadion in Nijmegen. The match featured the 1948\u201349 winners of the league title SVV, and, the winners of the 1948\u201349 KNVB Cup, Quick 1888. Both goals were scored in the second half.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066585-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Dutch Supercup\nThe match was held to commemorate the forty-year existence of the Nijmegen section of the KNVB. There would not be another Dutch Supercup held until 1991.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066586-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Dutch TT\nThe 1949 Dutch motorcycle Grand Prix was the third race of the 1949 Motorcycle Grand Prix season. It took place on the weekend of 9 July 1949 at the Assen circuit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066586-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Dutch TT\nItalian rider Nello Pagani won the 500 cc race riding a Gilera from Leslie Graham and Arciso Artesiani. Pagani also won the 125 cc race on his smaller Gilera which saw him wrap up the first 125 cc World Championship having won the first two 125 cc races with only one race remaining.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066586-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Dutch TT\nSimilarly, in winning the 350 cc race British Velocette rider Freddie Frith, having achieved a perfect score of 33 points from the first three races became the first 350 cc Motorcycle World Champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066587-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 East Carolina Pirates football team\nThe 1949 East Carolina Pirates football team was an American football team that represented represented East Carolina Teachers College (now known as East Carolina University) as a member of the North State Conference during the 1949 college football season. In their first season under head coach Bill Dole, the team compiled a 4\u20135\u20131 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066588-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 East German Constitutional Assembly election\nElections for the Third German People's Congress were held in East Germany on 15 and 16 May 1949. Voters were presented with a \"Unity List\" from the \"Bloc of the Anti- Fascist Democratic Parties,\" which was dominated by the Communist-leaning Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED). The ballot was worded \"I am for the unity of Germany and a just peace treaty. I therefore vote for the following list of candidates for the Third German People's Congress,\" with voters having the options of voting \"yes\" and \"no\". In much of the country, the vote was not secret.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 610]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066588-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 East German Constitutional Assembly election\nAccording to official figures, 95.2% of voters voted, and 66% of them approved the list, the lowest vote share an SED-dominated bloc received during the subsequent four decades of Communist rule. In all subsequent elections until the Peaceful Revolution, the National Front, successor to the Democratic Bloc, would win 99 percent or more of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066588-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 East German Constitutional Assembly election, Aftermath\nThe Constitutional Assembly adopted East Germany's first constitution in October, and proclaimed the establishment of the German Democratic Republic on 7 October. It then transformed itself into the first Volkskammer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 60], "content_span": [61, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066589-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Eastern Guatemalan floods\nThe 1949 Eastern Guatemalan floods were a series of violent and devastating floods, following a particularly destructive Atlantic Ocean Hurricane season. Death toll estimates range from 1000 to 40,000, placing the floods as some of the deadliest in recorded history. Apart from the direct deadly consequences of the floods, the disaster had a huge impact in many other spheres of life in Guatemala. It is estimated that the financial consequences of the floods ranged from $15,000,000 to $40,000,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066589-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Eastern Guatemalan floods\nLandslides and road blockages affected communications within the country, and also impacted distribution of foods and other resources. As news of the floodings in Guatemala broke international headlines, Foreign governments pledged aid to the recovery of the country accordingly. The neighbouring countries of The United States and Cuba rushed to provide immediate aid by plane to victims of the disaster.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066589-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Eastern Guatemalan floods, Meteorological Causes\nA range of factors played roles in the cause of the 1949 Eastern Guatemala floods, however the most prominent was a violent storm, originating from the 1949 Texas Hurricane, which was one of the last tropical cyclones of the years\u2019 season. Since the introduction of reliable storm records in 1851, the hurricane is one of only eighteen to have developed in the Pacific Ocean and move into the Atlantic Ocean, or vice versa. Records show that some winds of the hurricane reached a peak of 177\u00a0km/h (110\u00a0mph), equivalent to high Category 2 intensity on the Saffir-Simpson scale.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 630]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066589-0002-0001", "contents": "1949 Eastern Guatemalan floods, Meteorological Causes\nThe storm moved ashore the Texas coast with a barometric pressure estimated at 965 millibars (28.5 inHg). Modern day analysis attributes the origins of this hurricane to a tropical depression that developed in the Pacific Ocean, drifting northwestward until making landfall in Guatemala in late September. A string of rainstorms, which were claimed to be the worst in Guatemala's history, occurred from the 28th of September until the 14th of October. An excerpt from the New York Times provides greater understanding of the cause and effects of the flood.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 610]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066589-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Eastern Guatemalan floods, Meteorological Causes\n\u201cSeventy-two hours of torrential rains caused Lakes Atitl\u00e1n and Amatitl\u00e1n to spill over the towns surrounding them, while many rivers and mountain streams burst their banks.\u201d", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066589-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 Eastern Guatemalan floods, Meteorological Causes, Natural Hazard Risks\nAccording to the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (ThinkHazard! ), Guatemala has high disaster risks associated with several categories including river, urban and coastal floods, and tsunamis. This data indicates that potentially harmful and life-threatening floods are expected to occur at least once a decade. Similarly, Guatemala is ranked amongst the top five countries most affected by floods, with 40.8% of the population affected by five or more hazards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 75], "content_span": [76, 556]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066589-0004-0001", "contents": "1949 Eastern Guatemalan floods, Meteorological Causes, Natural Hazard Risks\nGuatemala's risk of cyclone is also ranked as high, indicating there is a 20 percent chance that infrastructure damaging wind speeds are likely to occur in the next 20 years. The countries placement, between the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean makes it a particular target for hurricanes and other tropical cyclones, however most of the damage that occurs in this region is due to the flooding and landslides that result from these hurricanes, rather than the winds  80.3% of the country's gross domestic product is located in high risk areas. Consequently, the hazardous location of Guatemala can be taken into account as a factor into the cause and deadly nature of the 1949 flood.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 75], "content_span": [76, 763]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066589-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 Eastern Guatemalan floods, Death Toll, Damage and Recovery\nThe estimated number of people affected by the disaster varies widely amongst sources. At the time of the floods, the government placed this number at a maximum of 20,000 people, while news sources reported around 100,000 people being forced into homelessness. The death toll at the time of the event was estimated by the Government at around 1000 people, however, modern day analysis suggests that around 40,000 people were killed by the flooding. The American Ambassador in Guatemala, in a telegram to the U.S, outlined some of the ambiguity concerning the death toll at the time of the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 63], "content_span": [64, 659]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066589-0006-0000", "contents": "1949 Eastern Guatemalan floods, Death Toll, Damage and Recovery\n\"My impression based upon three-day intensive survey including long flight over affected areas, talks with President Ar\u00e9valo, other government officials and representative businessmen, is that devastation and loss life result floods exaggerated by press (encouraged intentionally or unintentionally by government), that immediate relief needs well in hand, but that country suffered heavily economically and government confronted serious long-range financial problem respecting rehabilitation.\u201d", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 63], "content_span": [64, 558]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066589-0007-0000", "contents": "1949 Eastern Guatemalan floods, Death Toll, Damage and Recovery\nA reported emergency period of 30\u201360 days immediately followed the disaster, directly affecting the 260,000 inhabitants of Guatemala at the time. Unlike many other great floods of the world, no widespread epidemics were reported.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 63], "content_span": [64, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066589-0008-0000", "contents": "1949 Eastern Guatemalan floods, Social, Economical and Financial impacts\nApart from the direct deadly consequences of the floods, the disaster had a huge impact in many other spheres of life in Guatemala. It is estimated that the financial consequences of the floods ranged from $15,000,000 to $40,000,000. A quote from the US ambassador in Guatemala detailed the long term financial effects of the floods;", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 72], "content_span": [73, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066589-0009-0000", "contents": "1949 Eastern Guatemalan floods, Social, Economical and Financial impacts\n\u201cThe chief problem confronting the Government, however, is long range financing, since foreign exchange holdings will be diminished and Government spending increased at a time when a budget deficit is in prospect\u201d.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 72], "content_span": [73, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066589-0010-0000", "contents": "1949 Eastern Guatemalan floods, Social, Economical and Financial impacts\nReports from the U.S embassy stated that flood water had covered kilometres of low roads, highways, and crop fields. Economically, one source reported that much of Guatemala's infrastructure had been destroyed in the disaster, and widespread damage had been caused to a number of cities.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 72], "content_span": [73, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066589-0011-0000", "contents": "1949 Eastern Guatemalan floods, Social, Economical and Financial impacts\n\u201cMore than fifty bridges and 1,200 miles [1,900\u00a0km] of highways were destroyed. Rivers changed their course. Some towns, such as San Juan Osculcalco, were reported destroyed by landslides\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 72], "content_span": [73, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066589-0012-0000", "contents": "1949 Eastern Guatemalan floods, Social, Economical and Financial impacts\nAnother source detailed the devastation the flood had on one town in particular. The mudslides caused by the flooding in Tzununa stripped hillsides bare and covered much of the town with mud and rock, requiring much of the town's housing and residential centre to be relocated to higher, safer ground. The towns of Escuintla, San Marcos, Quezaltenango, Jalapa, Santa Rosa, Jutiapa and Sacatepequez were also some of the worst affected by the flooding, many of which required extensive repairs and aid. Landslides and road blockages affected communications within the country, and also impacted distribution of foods and other resources. Apart from this, Guatemala also sustained agricultural damage to two of the countries chief crop exports, coffee and banana crops, which suffered losses of ten and twenty percent respectively. Many other crop losses, including corn, beans and rice were sustained, along with considerable losses in the livestock sector.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 72], "content_span": [73, 1029]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066589-0013-0000", "contents": "1949 Eastern Guatemalan floods, Foreign Aid\nAs news of the floodings in Guatemala broke international headlines, Foreign governments pledged aid to the recovery of the country accordingly. The neighbouring countries of The United States and Cuba rushed to provide immediate aid by plane to victims of the disaster. The Israel Government gifted $10,000 to Guatemalan Foreign Minister Ismal Gonzalez Arevalo, to be used for relief of flood victims in Guatemala. The Guatemalan Government also requested an immediate grant of $2,000,000 from American Congress to begin implementing rescue and relief work and reported an immediate need for clothing, medicine, and other relief supplies. The U.S embassy reported that relief supplies and a Red Cross expert had been flown from Panama, as well as an amphibian plane to rescue stranded American tourists. Medical supplies, food and water were also being distributed by the Guatemalan military and private planes to isolated villages and towns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 43], "content_span": [44, 987]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066589-0014-0000", "contents": "1949 Eastern Guatemalan floods, Foreign Aid\n\u201cThree planes left here early today to carry aid to the flood victims of Guatemala. The group of relief workers who carried first aid to the sufferers of the recent earthquake in Ecuador went along. One amphibian plane will attempt a landing on Lake Atitl\u00e1n, in the Guatemalan mountains, to determine the possibility of evacuating the Indian inhabitants from villages on the lake shore\u201d.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 43], "content_span": [44, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066589-0015-0000", "contents": "1949 Eastern Guatemalan floods, Foreign Aid\nGuatemala's aid relationship with the US and other international organisations has been extensive in the past, and has helped to develop the countries economic and political environment. However, foreign aid is only effective under the assumption that the recipient government is willing and dedicated to the wellbeing of the citizens. An audit in 1984 revealed that ten out of ten aid projects in Guatemala suffered major delays, and did not fulfil their planned objectives. Similarly, the motives behind US foreign aid are sometimes questioned, as to whether America's aid is simply an investment returning in furthering the countries interests and western ideologies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 43], "content_span": [44, 714]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066590-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Eastern Suburbs season\nEastern Suburbs (now known as the Sydney Roosters) competed in their 42nd New South Wales Rugby League season in 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066590-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Eastern Suburbs season, Players\nRay Stehr (Coach); Kevin Abrahamsen, Jack Arnold, Milton Atkinson, Reg Beath, Frank Burke, Vic Bulgin, Jack Coll, Col Donohoe, Ernie Hawkins, Gordon Hassett, Dick Healy, Sid Hobson, Brian Holmes, Jim Hunt, Ken Hunter, Ken McCaffery, Billy Morris, Jim Murphy, J 'Mick' Phelan, Stan Robinson, John Sellgren, Len Solomon, Ralph Stewart, Ian Verrender", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 36], "content_span": [37, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066591-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Edmonton Eskimos season\nThe 1949 Edmonton Eskimos season was the first season in the current franchise's history after several other Edmonton teams played under the same moniker but were unrelated. The team finished in 3rd place in the WIFU with a 4\u201310 record and missed the playoffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066592-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Edmonton municipal election\nThe 1949 municipal election was held November 2, 1949 to elect a mayor and six aldermen to sit on Edmonton City Council. The electorate also decided eight plebiscite questions. There were no elections for school trustees, as candidates for both the public and separate boards were acclaimed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066592-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Edmonton municipal election\nThere were ten aldermen on city council, but four of the positions were already filled:Frederick John Mitchell, Sidney Bowcott, Athelstan Bissett (SS), and Richmond Francis Hanna were all elected to two-year terms in 1948 and were still in office. Sidney Parsons was also elected in 1948 to a two-year term, but he resigned in order to run for mayor; accordingly, Edwin Clarke was elected to a one-year term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066592-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Edmonton municipal election\nThere were seven trustees on the public school board, but three of the positions were already filled:Harry Fowler, James MacDonald, and Robert Rae had been acclaimed to two-year terms in 1948 and were still in office. The same was true on the separate board,  where Adrian Crowe (SS), Joseph O'Hara, and Francis Killeen were continuing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066592-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Edmonton municipal election, Voter turnout\nThere were 26,606 ballots cast out of 86,839 eligible voters, for a voter turnout of 30.6%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 47], "content_span": [48, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066592-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Public school trustees\nGeorge Brown, Mary Butterworth (SS), J W K Shortreed, and John Thorogood (SS) were acclaimed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 65], "content_span": [66, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066592-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Separate (Catholic) school trustees\nJoseph Gallant, Lawrence Keylor (SS), Ambrose O'Neill, and Joseph Pilon were acclaimed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 78], "content_span": [79, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066592-0006-0000", "contents": "1949 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Paving\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $1,260,000.00 for City share of paving, mainly on arterial streets and bus routes. Serial Plan debentures to be issued, 30-year term; interest rate 3\u200b3\u20444 per centum per annum, payable semi-annually?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 62], "content_span": [63, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066592-0007-0000", "contents": "1949 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, High Level Bridge\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $1,000,000.00 for the purpose of providing a four-lane vehicular traffic deck on the High Level Bridge to relieve serious traffic congestion between North and South Sides of the river. Serial plan debentures to be issued, 30-year term; interest 3\u200b3\u20444 per centum per annum, payable semi-annually?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 73], "content_span": [74, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066592-0008-0000", "contents": "1949 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Street Grading, Cleaning, and Flushing\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $140,000.00 to purchase equipment for the Engineer's Department of the City for grading, cleaning and flushing of streets and catch basins and for scavenger trucks and similar purposes?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 94], "content_span": [95, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066592-0009-0000", "contents": "1949 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Engineer's Department Storage\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $110,000.00 for the erection of one building on the North Side of the river and one building on the South Side, both said buildings to be used for the storage of equipment of the Engineer's Department?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 85], "content_span": [86, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066592-0010-0000", "contents": "1949 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Paving Plant\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $25,000.00 to increase the capacity of the City's paving plant?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 68], "content_span": [69, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066592-0011-0000", "contents": "1949 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Fire Stations\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $245,000.00 for new fire stations and additions to existing fire stations, including Alarms communication Building, for the City Fire Department?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 69], "content_span": [70, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066592-0012-0000", "contents": "1949 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Fire Fighting Equipment\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $405,000.00 to purchase equipment and apparatus, such as pumpers, aerial ladder, high pressure fog wagon, fire alarm extension system and revision of outside electrical circuits to improve fire fighting capacity of the Fire Department?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 79], "content_span": [80, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066592-0013-0000", "contents": "1949 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Comfort Stations\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $40,000.00 to erect comfort station buildings?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 72], "content_span": [73, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066593-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Ekstraklasa, Overview\nIt was contested by 12 teams, and Wis\u0142a Krak\u00f3w won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 26], "content_span": [27, 95]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066594-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Emory and Henry Wasps football team\nThe 1949 Emory and Henry Wasps football team represented Emory and Henry College during the 1949 college football season. In Conley Snidow's second season as head coach, the Wasps compiled a 11\u20131 record and outscored their opponents by a total of 323 to 121. Emory and Henry won two conference championships, with a 4\u20130 record in the Smoky Mountain Conference and a 2\u20130 record in the first season of competition for the Virginia Little Six Conference. Another rarity was Emory and Henry's two postseason bowl game, a Thanksgiving Day game against the Hanover Panthers in the Burley Bowl and a contest against Saint Vincent in the Tangerine Bowl. The Wasps were also named Virginia Sports team of the Year by the Associated Press in December.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 782]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066595-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Emperor's Cup, Overview\nIt was contested by 5 teams, and University of Tokyo LB won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 28], "content_span": [29, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066596-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Emperor's Cup Final\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Monkbot (talk | contribs) at 00:16, 8 January 2020 (\u2192\u200etop: Task 15:  language icon template(s) replaced (1\u00d7);). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066596-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Emperor's Cup Final\n1949 Emperor's Cup Final was the 29th final of the Emperor's Cup competition. The final was played at Waseda University Higashi-Fusimi Ground in Tokyo on June 5, 1949. University of Tokyo LB won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066596-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Emperor's Cup Final, Overview\nDefending champion University of Tokyo LB won the championship, by defeating Kandai Club 5\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066597-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 England v Ireland football match\nOn 21 September 1949 at Goodison Park, Liverpool, the home of Everton, England were defeated 2\u20130 by Ireland in a friendly international. As a result, Ireland became the first foreign team to beat England at home. In 1953, the Hungarian team known as the Mighty Magyars defeated England 6\u20133, to become the second team to do so.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066597-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 England v Ireland football match, Previous games\nDuring the 1940s, there were in effect, two Ireland teams, chosen by two rival associations\u2014the Northern Ireland-based Irish Football Association (IFA) and the Republic of Ireland-based Football Association of Ireland (FAI). Both organisations claimed jurisdiction over the whole of Ireland, and selected players from the whole island. As a result, several notable Irish players from this era had played for both teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 53], "content_span": [54, 473]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066597-0001-0001", "contents": "1949 England v Ireland football match, Previous games\nThe IFA XI had played England regularly since 1882, and claimed their first victory, by a score of 3\u20130, on English soil at Ayresome Park, Middlesbrough on 14 February 1914, but this was only the second time England and the FAI XI had met. Despite this, several members of the FAI XI had played against England several times before while representing the IFA XI; striker Davy Walsh had previously scored three times against England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 53], "content_span": [54, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066597-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 England v Ireland football match, Previous games\nThe FAI XI had played England for the first time at Dalymount Park on 30 September 1946. A team, featuring Johnny Carey, Con Martin and Billy Walsh, were narrowly defeated 1\u20130 when Tom Finney scored the winner in the 82nd minute. Two days earlier, on 28 September, Carey and Tom Aherne had been included in the IFA XI that had been heavily defeated 7\u20132 by the same England side.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 53], "content_span": [54, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066597-0002-0001", "contents": "1949 England v Ireland football match, Previous games\nThe next time the IFA XI played England, on 5 November 1947, their team included six players\u2014Carey, Martin, Billy Walsh, Peter Farrell, Davy Walsh and Tommy Eglington\u2014who had previously played for the FAI XI. Davy Walsh scored the opening goal in a 2\u20132 draw at Goodison Park. Carey, Martin, Farrell and Walsh also played for the IFA XI in their 6\u20132 defeat by England at Windsor Park on 10 October 1948. Davy Walsh also scored both goals that day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 53], "content_span": [54, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066597-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 England v Ireland football match, The teams\nThe game was used by both teams as part of their preparations for forthcoming World Cup qualifiers. Despite the absence of both Stanley Matthews and Stan Mortensen, England fielded a strong team, including Billy Wright, Neil Franklin, Wilf Mannion and Tom Finney. Ireland's team included just seven First Division players, but these included Johnny Carey who had been voted Footballer of the Year in 1949. Another two Irish players, Tom Aherne and Tommy Moroney, like Finney, played in the English Second Division. The remaining two Irish players, goalkeeper Tommy Godwin and Tommy O'Connor both played for Shamrock Rovers in the League of Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 48], "content_span": [49, 697]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066597-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 England v Ireland football match, Match, Summary\nThe early pattern of the game saw England launch wave after wave of attacks. However Tommy Godwin was in inspired form and Con Martin, Tom Aherne and Johnny Carey proved to difficult for England to get past. Carey was also effective in keeping Tom Finney quiet, while wing-halves Billy Walsh and Tommy Moroney gradually took the sting out of the English front line. Ireland took the lead in the 33rd minute when Peter Desmond, after collecting a pass from Tommy O'Connor, burst into the England penalty area and was brought down. Con Martin then converted the subsequent penalty kick.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 53], "content_span": [54, 638]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066597-0004-0001", "contents": "1949 England v Ireland football match, Match, Summary\nDuring the second half the wave of England attacks continued. Peter Harris hit the bar and Jesse Pye also went close. However Peter Farrell, playing at his club Everton's home ground, made victory certain in the 85th minute. O'Connor slipped the ball to Farrell and as the English goalkeeper Bert Williams advanced, Farrell lofted the ball into the net.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 53], "content_span": [54, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066598-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 English Greyhound Derby\nThe 1949 Greyhound Derby took place during June with the final being held on 25 June 1949 at White City Stadium. The winner Narrogar Ann received a first prize of \u00a31,500.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066598-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 English Greyhound Derby, Final result, Distances\n1\u00bc, 2\u00bd, 1\u00bd, neck, 10 (lengths)The distances between the greyhounds are in finishing order and shown in lengths. From 1927-1950 one length was equal to 0.06 of one second but race times are shown as 0.08 as per modern day calculations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 53], "content_span": [54, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066598-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 English Greyhound Derby, Review\nAntepost favourites were Local Interprize 6-1 and Village Major 8-1. The new sensation from Ireland Ballymac Ball was the Greyhound Racing Association's and White City's big hope for victory. During the first round the 1948 English Greyhound Derby runner-up Local Interprize  ran poorly and only finished in second place to Derrys Game. A British bred bitch called Narrogar Ann won easily by four lengths, Narrogar Ann had won the British Bred Produce Stakes in 1948 when trained by Joe Farrand at Oxford before switching to Derby winning trainer Leslie Reynolds. Ballymac Ball was a shock elimination and then aimed at the Laurels.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 669]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066598-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 English Greyhound Derby, Review\nSaft Alex, the Puppy Derby and Midland Puppy Derby champion was the only race favourite to win during the second round. The heavily backed Whiterock Abbey lost out by one length to Narrogar Ann and Local Interprize struggled again going through by virtue of a third and final qualifying place in his heat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066598-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 English Greyhound Derby, Review\nThe first semi-final contained the 7-4 favourite, West End Dasher, and he went out after first bend trouble which allowed Glencloy Regent to win the race from Local Interprize and Dangerous Prince. Sailing at Dawn justified favouritism in the second semi-final winning from Narrogar Ann and Saft Alex.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066598-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 English Greyhound Derby, Review\nThe final was wide open in regard to starting prices and the longest price available was the Grand National runner up Dangerous Prince at 100-7. The famous Derby final roar took place and from the start Dangerous Prince took a one length lead at the sectional placing, the lead increased as Saft Alex and Glencloy Regent were bumped at the first bend. Along the back straight Narrogar Ann began to make a move and took up second place from Sailing at Dawn. As the field came around the last bend Narrogar Ann edged in front and went on to win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066598-0005-0001", "contents": "1949 English Greyhound Derby, Review\nShe was only the second bitch in Derby history to take the title and the first to come from well behind the field in a final since the 1935 English Greyhound Derby (coincidentally the year that Greta Ranee became the first bitch to win). This was also a second success in three years for the British breeders. The winning owner and breeder, Mr William J Reid and trainer Leslie Reynolds (now a two time Derby winning trainer) were fortunate that Narrogar Ann came into season two days after the final because if it had been earlier she would not have been able to have competed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 615]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066599-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 English cricket season\nThe 1949 English cricket season saw the 1949 County Championship being shared for the first time since the official competition began in 1890. New Zealand toured England to compete in a test series where all four matches were drawn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066600-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Estonian SSR Football Championship\nThe 1949 Estonian SSR Football Championship was won by Tallinna D\u00fcnamo.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066601-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 European Amateur Boxing Championships\nThe 1949 European Amateur Boxing Championships were held in Oslo, Norway from 13 to 18 June. It was the eighth edition of the bi-annual competition was organised by the European governing body for amateur boxing, EABA. There were 93 fighters from 16 countries participating.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066602-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 European Figure Skating Championships\nThe 1949 European Figure Skating Championships were held in Milan, Italy from January 28 to 30. Elite senior-level figure skaters from European ISU member nations competed for the title of European Champion in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, and pair skating.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066602-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 European Figure Skating Championships\nAustrian skater Eva Pawlik who had also been the best European lady skater at the 1948 European Championship won the title only in 1949, because North Americans had been admitted in 1948. So under modern rules Pawlik would have been a two-time European Champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066603-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 European Rowing Championships\nThe 1949 European Rowing Championships were rowing championships held on the Bosbaan in the Dutch city of Amsterdam. The competition was for men only, they competed in all seven Olympic boat classes (M1x, M2x, M2-, M2+, M4-, M4+, M8+) in late August.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066604-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 European Wrestling Championships\nThe 1949 European Wrestling Championships were held in Istanbul, Turkey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066605-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Exhall mid-air collision\nThe Exhall mid-air collision happened on Saturday 19 February 1949 over the village of Exhall when a British European Airways Douglas DC-3 / Douglas Dakota collided in clear weather with a Royal Air Force Avro Anson T21.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066605-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Exhall mid-air collision\nThe Dakota was on a flight from Northolt Airport near London to Glasgow-Renfrew Airport in Scotland. With a crew of four it was carrying six passengers, and had taken off from Northolt at 09:13 hr. The Royal Air Force Avro Anson T21 was being operated by No. 2 Air Navigation School on a cross-country training exercise from RAF Middleton St. George.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066605-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Exhall mid-air collision\nThe two aircraft collided at 4500\u00a0ft near the village of Exhall, near Coventry in Warwickshire. The wreckage fell near an old peoples' home, the Exhall Lodge Hospital. There were no survivors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066605-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Exhall mid-air collision\nAlthough the weather at the time of the crash was clear, the accident investigation concluded that the crew of neither aircraft saw each other, possibly due to glare from the sun, and blamed the accident on a failure on the part of both captains to keep a proper look-out for other aircraft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066606-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 FA Charity Shield\nThe 1949 FA Charity Shield was the 27th FA Charity Shield, a pre-season exhibition football match between the winners of the previous season's First Division and FA Cup titles. The match took place at Highbury, London, between the league champions Portsmouth and FA Cup winners Wolverhampton Wanderers. The score finished at 1\u20131, marking the first draw in the Charity Shield and meaning the Shield was shared.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066607-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 FA Cup Final\nThe 1949 FA Cup Final was the 68th final of the FA Cup. It took place on 30 April 1949 at Wembley Stadium and was contested between Wolverhampton Wanderers and Leicester City. Wolves had finished sixth in the First Division that season and had several England internationals among their ranks, while Leicester had narrowly avoided relegation from the Second Division and were making their first Wembley appearance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066607-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 FA Cup Final\nWolves won the match 3\u20131, thus winning the FA Cup for the third time. Jesse Pye (2) and Sammy Smyth scored Wolves' goals, with Mal Griffiths replying for Leicester. Captain Billy Wright was presented with the cup by Princess Elizabeth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066607-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 FA Cup Final, Match summary\nWolves started determinedly and took a 13th-minute lead when Jesse Pye, who had been preferred to Dennis Wilshaw, stooped to head in an inch-perfect Hancocks cross. Leicester kept Wolves at bay until almost half-time, when Pye collected the ball in the penalty area with his back to goal, after the Foxes had struggled to clear a corner, and turned to slam it home for his second.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 32], "content_span": [33, 413]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066607-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 FA Cup Final, Match summary\nLeicester brought the game to life immediately after the interval courtesy of Mal Griffiths, who flicked the ball home after Williams parried Chisholm's initial effort. Within minutes, they believed they were level only for a narrow offside decision to rule out Chisholm's finish. Sammy Smyth quickly turned the game around when he picked up the ball in the centre circle and drove through the Leicester defence before hitting the ball low into the far corner to make it 3\u20131 and clinch the cup for Molineux men for the third time in their history. It was the first of five major trophies that they would win under the management of Stan Cullis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 32], "content_span": [33, 677]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066607-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 FA Cup Final, Match summary\nLeicester were without two of their key players for the game, both of them ruled out by injury. Goalkeeper Ian McGraw was unable to play due to a broken finger, while Don Revie had suffered a nose injury.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 32], "content_span": [33, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066608-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 FAI Cup Final\nThe 1949 FAI Cup Final was the final match of the 1948\u201349 FAI Cup, a knock-out association football competition contested annually by clubs affiliated with the Football Association of Ireland. It took place on Sunday 10 April 1949 at Dalymount Park in Dublin, and was contested by Dundalk and Shelbourne. Dundalk won 3\u20130 to win their second FAI Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066608-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 FAI Cup Final, Background\nBoth sides had finished level on 23 points in the League \u2013 six points behind champions Drumcondra. Shelbourne had defeated Dundalk to win the League of Ireland Shield earlier in the season, and defeated non-League Freebooters, St Patrick's Athletic and Waterford to make the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 30], "content_span": [31, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066608-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 FAI Cup Final, Background\nDundalk had won the season opening Dublin City Cup the previous September, topping its league format unbeaten, which was their first trophy since 1942\u201343. To reach the final they had defeated Cork Athletic (4\u20131), had a bye in the next round, then defeated Drumcondra in the semi-final (2\u20131 in a replay following a 2\u20132 draw). The two sides went into the match with identical records in previous FAI Cup finals - one win and three defeats apiece.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 30], "content_span": [31, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066608-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 FAI Cup Final, Match, Summary\nA close match between \"two of the most consistent sides of the season\", was expected to \"rise above the average\" in previews. It lived up to the billing, being described afterwards as \"the best final at Dalymount Park for many years\". The match was evenly contested throughout, with both sides creating chances. But Dundalk were defensively sound, and took their chances against a more nervous Shelbourne defence. They took the lead through Jackie Walsh in the 20th minute, after Shelbourne had made most of the early play. Shelbourne then had a shot deflected onto the post by Mick Skevington, before Dundalk scored a second through Ronnie Henderson in the 41st minute. In the second half Arthur Fitzsimmons hit the crossbar, before Jackie Walsh headed home his second, and Dundalk's third, to seal their second FAI Cup win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 860]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066609-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 FIFA Youth Tournament Under-18\nThe FIFA Youth Tournament Under-18 1949 Final Tournament was held in the Netherlands.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066609-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 FIFA Youth Tournament Under-18, Supplementary round\nIn this round the losing teams from the first round participated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 56], "content_span": [57, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066610-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship\nThe 1949 FIVB Men's World Championship was the first edition of the tournament, organised by the world's governing body, the FIVB. It was held from 10 to 18 September 1949 in Prague, Czechoslovakia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066611-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Falkland Islands general election\nThe Falkland Islands general election of 1949 was held in February 1949 to elect members to the Legislative Council through universal suffrage. It was the first election in the history of the Falkland Islands, electing four out of the twelve Councillors (two from Stanley and one each from East Falkland and West Falkland). Owing to the remoteness of some settlements and the unpredictability of the weather on the Falkland Islands, the election took place over several days.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066611-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Falkland Islands general election\nThe Legislative Council of the Falkland Islands was founded on 13 November 1845, with its entire membership being appointed by the Governor. On 26 November 1948, in a meeting of the Privy Council, King George VI approved Legislative Council (Elections) Ordinance No. 16 of 1948 which introduced elections to the Falklands for the first time, giving four seats of the Legislative Council to elected members.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066612-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Fife County Council election\nElections to Fife County Council were held on 10 May 1949, the same day as the other county councils in Scotland. The election saw Labour win 18 of the 25 contested seats, with 5 going to the Moderates, and 2 to the Communists.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066612-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Fife County Council election\nDespite these gains Labour were unable to form a majority on the council, and the Moderates (despite winning only half of the landward seats) were able to form a majority in the council due to the majorities in the town councils for Leven and Inverkeithing, both of which sent representatives to the county council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066613-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Five Nations Championship\nThe 1949 Five Nations Championship was the twentieth series of the rugby union Five Nations Championship. Including the previous incarnations as the Home Nations and Five Nations, this was the fifty-fifth series of the northern hemisphere rugby union championship. Ten matches were played between 15 January and 26 March. It was contested by England, France, Ireland, Scotland and Wales. Ireland won his 6th title and the Triple Crown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066614-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Florida A&M Rattlers football team\nThe 1949 Florida A&M Rattlers football team was an American football team that represented Florida A&M University as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SIAC) during the 1949 college football season. In their fifth season under head coach Jake Gaither, the Rattlers compiled a 7\u20132 record, won the SIAC championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 315 to 98.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066614-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Florida A&M Rattlers football team\nThe team ranked No. 5 among the nation's black college football teams according to the Pittsburgh Courier and its Dickinson Rating System. The team's victories included three games against teams that were ranked in the final Pittsburgh Courier rankings: a victory over No. 10 Benedict and losses to No. 2 Southern and No. 8 North Carolina A&T in the Orange Blossom Classic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 413]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066614-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Florida A&M Rattlers football team\nThe team played its home games at Bragg Stadium in Tallahassee, Florida.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066615-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Florida Gators football team\nThe 1949 Florida Gators football team represented the University of Florida during the 1949 college football season. The season was Raymond Wolf's fourth and last as the head coach of the Florida Gators football team. Wolf's 1949 Florida Gators finished 4\u20135\u20131 overall and 1\u20134\u20131 in the Southeastern Conference (SEC), placing tenth of twelve SEC teams, and ending the Gators' \"Golden Era.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066615-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Florida Gators football team, Schedule\nThe highlight of the 1949 season was the Gators' 28\u20137 upset of the Georgia Bulldogs. Led by halfback Chuck Hunsinger, who rushed for 171 yards and three touchdowns, and team captain Jimmy Kynes, who was the defensive star and played every minute of the sixty-minute game, the Gators beat the Dawgs for the first time since 1940.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066615-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Florida Gators football team, Schedule, Mr. Two Bits\nThe otherwise lackluster season is notable for the beginning of the Mr. Two Bits tradition. Tampa insurance salesman George Edmondson, Jr., a former Citadel student, was in attendance at the season opening game against his former school and was struck by the lack of support shown by the fans at Florida Field. Feeling sorry for Florida's players, he began leading his section in the traditional \"two bits\" cheer. The Gators won, and the cheer was so well received that Edmonson returned to Gainesville later in the season to lead it again. This began a decades-long tradition, as Edmonson would continue to lead the cheer from the stands and (eventually) from the field as \"Mr. Two Bits\" until his retirement from the role in 2008. Since then, Gator \"celebrities\" and selected students have filled the role.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 57], "content_span": [58, 866]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066615-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Florida Gators football team, Postseason\nAfter Wolf left Gainesville, he returned to his alma mater, Texas Christian University, where he became a long-time administrator.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066616-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Florida State Seminoles football team\nThe 1949 Florida State Seminoles football team represented Florida State University in the 1949 college football season. The Seminoles went to their first bowl, the 1950 Cigar Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066617-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Florida hurricane\nThe 1949 Florida hurricane, also known as the Delray Beach hurricane, caused significant damage in the southern portions of the state late in the month of August. The second recorded tropical cyclone of the annual hurricane season, the system originated from a tropical wave near the northern Leeward Islands on August\u00a023. Already a tropical storm upon initial observations, the cyclone curved west-northwestward and intensified, becoming a hurricane on August\u00a025.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066617-0000-0001", "contents": "1949 Florida hurricane\nRapid intensification ensued as the storm approached the central Bahamas early on August\u00a026, with the storm reaching Category\u00a04 hurricane strength later that day and peaking with maximum sustained winds of 130\u00a0mph (215\u00a0km/h) shortly after striking Andros. Late on August\u00a026, the storm made landfall near Lake Worth, Florida, at the same intensity. The cyclone initially weakened quickly after moving inland, falling to Category\u00a01 status early the next day. Shortly thereafter, the system curved northward over the Nature Coast and entered Georgia on August\u00a028, where it weakened to a tropical storm. The storm then accelerated northeastward and became extratropical over New England by August\u00a029. The remnants traversed Atlantic Canada and much of the Atlantic Ocean before dissipating near Ireland on September 1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 837]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066617-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Florida hurricane\nThe hurricane produced strong winds in the Bahamas, including a wind gust of 120\u00a0mph (195\u00a0km/h) on Bimini. A wide expanse of the east coast of Florida, stretching from Miami Beach to St. Augustine, observed hurricane-force winds, while much of the state recorded winds of at least 50\u00a0mph (80\u00a0km/h). Closer to the location of landfall, the city of Lake Worth observed a sustained winds speed of 127\u00a0mph (204\u00a0km/h). Palm Beach County was one of the worst impacted areas, with 65\u00a0homes destroyed and 13,283\u00a0others damaged to some degree.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066617-0001-0001", "contents": "1949 Florida hurricane\nJust to the north, Martin County also received extensive impact, with severe damage inflicted to about 40% of homes and commercial buildings in Stuart. Overall, the hurricane damaged about 18,000\u00a0homes, while roughly 1,000\u00a0other structures suffered severe damage or destruction in Florida. About $45\u00a0million in damage occurred in the state, which included $20\u00a0million in damage to crops, $18\u00a0million to property, $4\u00a0million electrical and communications, and $500,000\u00a0to road infrastructure. Damage throughout the United States totaled about $52.35\u00a0million and three deaths occurred, two in Florida and one in Georgia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 641]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066617-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Florida hurricane, Meteorological history\nAt 06:00\u00a0UTC on August\u00a023, a moderate tropical storm developed about 200\u00a0mi (320\u00a0km) east of Sint Maarten. (Operationally, the system was treated as an easterly wave until it moved through the Bahamas a few days later. The system likely originated near the Cape Verde islands, but was first observed near the Leeward Islands.) The cyclone steadily tracked west-northwestward and intensified over the succeeding three days. At 12:00\u00a0UTC on August\u00a024, while situated north of San Juan, Puerto Rico, the tropical storm strengthened to a minimal hurricane with maximum sustained winds of 75\u00a0mph (120\u00a0km/h). Subsequently, it organized rapidly, and was \"well developed\" when it passed near Nassau on the morning of August\u00a026\u2014at that time bearing winds of 115\u00a0mph (185\u00a0km/h), equivalent to a major hurricane on the Saffir\u2013Simpson scale.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 46], "content_span": [47, 876]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066617-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Florida hurricane, Meteorological history\nLater on August\u00a026, the storm strengthened further over the Gulf Stream, and its eye made landfall on the city of Lake Worth, Florida, at 23:00\u00a0UTC. At that time, the storm was equivalent to a Category\u00a04 hurricane with winds of 130\u00a0mph (215\u00a0km/h). Nearby, an airport in West Palm Beach registered calm conditions and a barometric pressure of 28.17\u00a0inHg (954\u00a0mb). (Prior to reanalysis, the system was designated as a Category\u00a03 hurricane, based on the minimum central pressure reading, which corresponded to Category\u00a03 on the Saffir\u2013Simpson scale. However, modern analysis applies Saffir\u2013Simpson rankings based on maximum sustained wind speeds.) Because the eye was first encountered in Delray Beach, a short distance southward of the landfall location, the storm earned the moniker Delray Beach hurricane.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 46], "content_span": [47, 852]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066617-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 Florida hurricane, Meteorological history\nOnce inland over South Florida, the hurricane moved over the northern portion of Lake Okeechobee, following a similar path to that of the 1928 Okeechobee hurricane. On August\u00a027, the hurricane recurved over the Florida peninsula, and then weakened to a Category\u00a01 hurricane northeast of Tampa. The system diminished to a tropical storm near Cedar Key, and entered southern Georgia during the morning of August\u00a028. The system passed over the Carolinas as a weak tropical storm, and was operationally noted as a \"weak disturbance\" at the time. The cyclone passed through the Mid-Atlantic states and New England on August\u00a029, became extratropical over New Hampshire, and was last detected over the North Atlantic Ocean near Ireland on September\u00a01.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 46], "content_span": [47, 791]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066617-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 Florida hurricane, Preparations and impact\nOn August\u00a025, the northern Bahamas were advised to initiate hurricane precautions, and a hurricane warning was issued for the islands. South Floridians were encouraged to closely monitor the progress of the storm. On August 26, hurricane warnings were released from Miami to Vero Beach; officials decided to cancel proposed evacuations of the Lake Okeechobee region, as the presence of the Herbert Hoover Dike was expected to prevent flooding.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 47], "content_span": [48, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066617-0006-0000", "contents": "1949 Florida hurricane, Preparations and impact\nThe cities of Jupiter, Palm Beach, Stuart, and West Palm Beach experienced the most severe damage from the storm in South Florida. A damage assessment conducted in 22\u00a0counties indicated that approximately 18,000\u00a0homes suffered damage, while roughly 1,000\u00a0other structures were severely damaged or destroyed. The cyclone inflicted heavy citrus losses, and one-third of the trees were uprooted in many groves. Agricultural damage reached $20\u00a0million, with about 14\u00a0million boxes of fruit lost.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 47], "content_span": [48, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066617-0006-0001", "contents": "1949 Florida hurricane, Preparations and impact\nOverall, the state suffered roughly $45\u00a0million in damage, which included $20\u00a0million in damage to crops, $18\u00a0million to property, $4\u00a0million electrical and communications, and $500,000 to road infrastructure. Only two deaths occurred in Florida, which was attributed to advance warnings. Water entered many homes in Palm Beach and Martin counties, causing snakes and mosquitoes to infest residences. Precipitation totals of 8.18\u00a0in (208\u00a0mm), 7.1\u00a0in (180\u00a0mm), and 9.51\u00a0in (242\u00a0mm) were measured at Belle Glade, Okeechobee, and St. Lucie Lock, respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 47], "content_span": [48, 604]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066617-0006-0002", "contents": "1949 Florida hurricane, Preparations and impact\nThe cyclone produced hurricane-force gusts in Florida from Miami Beach to Saint Augustine; the majority of the state experienced sustained winds of at least 50\u00a0mph (85\u00a0km/h). The strongest winds were observed between northern Broward County and St. Lucie County, as well as around Lake Okeechobee. Many locations in this region of the state recorded sustained winds over 100\u00a0mph (160\u00a0km/h), while a few sites measured wind gusts of 140\u00a0mph (230\u00a0km/h) or higher.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 47], "content_span": [48, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066617-0007-0000", "contents": "1949 Florida hurricane, Preparations and impact, The Bahamas\nIn the Bahamas, the cyclone produced 120\u00a0mph (195\u00a0km/h) wind gusts on Bimini. Damages in the Bahamas are unknown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 60], "content_span": [61, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066617-0008-0000", "contents": "1949 Florida hurricane, Preparations and impact, Coastal South Florida\nIn West Palm Beach, peak gusts of 125\u00a0mph (201\u00a0km/h) were recorded before the anemometer blew away. A maximum sustained wind of 153\u00a0mph (246\u00a0km/h) was reported from the Jupiter Inlet Light prior to the loss of the anemometer; although conditions were slightly more severe after the reading, reliable estimates are unavailable, and the highest observed reading was recorded above the standard elevation of 10\u00a0m (33\u00a0ft). The strongest sustained wind speed at standard height was 127\u00a0mph (204\u00a0km/h) in Lake Worth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 70], "content_span": [71, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066617-0009-0000", "contents": "1949 Florida hurricane, Preparations and impact, Coastal South Florida\nIn Miami, winds reached up to 54\u00a0mph (87\u00a0km/h). Impact in the city and Miami Beach was primarily limited to minor damage to signs, plants, and trees. One death occurred in the city when a man drowned in Biscayne Bay while swimming to moor a small boat. The strongest sustained winds speed in Fort Lauderdale was 80\u00a0mph (130\u00a0km/h), while gusts peaked at 100\u00a0mph (160\u00a0km/h). Many signs, trees, and shrubbery were damaged, with a number of trees falling onto streets. A possible tornado downed several coconut palm trees onto U.S. Route 1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 70], "content_span": [71, 607]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066617-0009-0001", "contents": "1949 Florida hurricane, Preparations and impact, Coastal South Florida\nSeveral plate glass windows at downtown businesses were shattered. Heavy rainfall flooded many intersections and streets in low-lying and poor drainage areas of the city. The hurricane demolished three homes in Pompano Beach, while part of an apartment complex was severely damaged. Additionally, store and restaurant fronts and their roofs also suffered damage. Winds toppled 15\u00a0electrical poles onto State Road 811. Throughout Broward County, 150\u00a0homes were destroyed and 150\u00a0others suffered damage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 70], "content_span": [71, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066617-0010-0000", "contents": "1949 Florida hurricane, Preparations and impact, Coastal South Florida\nCommunications were mostly disrupted in Boca Raton. A number of homes experienced structural impacts in Delray Beach, with five homes being destroyed, while many businesses received major damage. In Boynton Beach, extensive impact was incurred shrubbery, trees, and property. Several structures were deroofed. The bridge across the Intracoastal Waterway was left impassable. The \"negro section\" of Boynton Beach suffered $10,000 in damage, which included extensive damage to stores. Tides lashed the coast, with the worst impact between Lake Worth and Palm Beach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 70], "content_span": [71, 634]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066617-0010-0001", "contents": "1949 Florida hurricane, Preparations and impact, Coastal South Florida\nMuch of the island of Palm Beach was covered with power lines, trees, broken glass, sand, and other debris. Between Joseph E. Widener's mansion in Palm Beach and the Lake Worth casino, several washouts were reported. Along State Road 704 (Royal Palm Way), many royal palm trees were toppled. At the Society of the Four Arts, several trees were uprooted and the library garden was ruined. The radio antenna at the town hall collapsed, damaging the roof, police and firefighters barracks, the door to the fire station, and a car. Palm Beach suffered approximately $2.6\u00a0million in damage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 70], "content_span": [71, 656]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066617-0010-0002", "contents": "1949 Florida hurricane, Preparations and impact, Coastal South Florida\nIn Lake Worth, a total of about 400\u00a0people stayed at six shelters in the area during the storm. Between 300 and 400\u00a0homes were impacted by the storm, with most of the effects limited to broken roofs, shattered windows, and water damage. One home was completely demolished. This does not include the number of homes deroofed in the \"negro quarters\". Additionally, a trailer was overturned and \"rolled over and over like a rubber ball\". Many plate-glass windows broke in the business district, while a filling station on State Road 802 was destroyed. Three of the four radio towers in the city were toppled.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 70], "content_span": [71, 676]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066617-0011-0000", "contents": "1949 Florida hurricane, Preparations and impact, Coastal South Florida\nIn West Palm Beach, cars were overturned in the interior of a dealership as winds shattered windows. At the Palm Beach International Airport, some hangars collapsed, causing 16\u00a0planes to be destroyed and 5\u00a0others to affected. Additionally, 15\u00a0C-46s suffered damage. Almost $1\u00a0million in damage occurred at the airport alone. Nearby, several warehouses which stored cars experienced roof cave-ins, crushing a number of vehicles. Several homes near the airport were deroofed. A shelter was deroofed, forcing the Red Cross and National Guard to evacuate about 60\u00a0people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 70], "content_span": [71, 638]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066617-0011-0001", "contents": "1949 Florida hurricane, Preparations and impact, Coastal South Florida\nAnother shelter suffered wind and water damage, resulting in about 200\u00a0people moving to a different part of the building. A 196\u00a0ft (60\u00a0m) radio tower owned by WJNO fell into the Intracostal Water. Nearby, storm surge flooded a hotel lobby with 6\u00a0in (150\u00a0mm) of water, while winds damaged its glass dome. Approximately 2,000\u00a0homes out of about 7,000\u00a0in the city were damaged. It was estimated that the hurricane caused more than $4\u00a0million in damage in West Palm Beach. In Riviera Beach, two stores were destroyed, while about 50\u00a0businesses and 500\u00a0homes sustained damage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 70], "content_span": [71, 642]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066617-0012-0000", "contents": "1949 Florida hurricane, Preparations and impact, Coastal South Florida\nThroughout Palm Beach County, the storm destroyed 65\u00a0homes and damaged 13,283\u00a0others.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 70], "content_span": [71, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066617-0013-0000", "contents": "1949 Florida hurricane, Preparations and impact, Lake Okeechobee\nThe hurricane was one of the most severe on record over Lake Okeechobee, and the strongest on record there since September\u00a01928. Sustained winds at Belle Glade peaked at 100\u00a0mph (160\u00a0km/h) and wind gusts reached 140\u00a0mph (230\u00a0km/h) before the anemometer blew away. A number of power lines and trees were downed, while the WSWN radio station tower fell. At the state prison, the roof of an implement shed collapsed, destroying about $50,000 worth of equipment. Additionally, two barns were demolished and the dining hall, dormitories, and a parking garage were inflicted damage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 64], "content_span": [65, 641]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066617-0013-0001", "contents": "1949 Florida hurricane, Preparations and impact, Lake Okeechobee\nDamage in the city was estimated at more than $1\u00a0million. Tides reached 12\u00a0ft (144\u00a0in) above normal at Belle Glade and Clewiston and the Lake Okeechobee area was lashed with winds of at least 122\u00a0mph (196\u00a0km/h) for about seven hours, but the Herbert Hoover Dike remained intact, protecting the area from severe flooding. Minimal erosion occurred in some locales. Significant damage was reported in Pahokee and communications were knocked out completely.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 64], "content_span": [65, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066617-0014-0000", "contents": "1949 Florida hurricane, Preparations and impact, Treasure Coast\nUnofficial wind gusts reached 160\u00a0mph (260\u00a0km/h) at Stuart. About 40% of homes in Stuart and commercial structures were severely damaged, while 90% of structures required repairs. A church, baseball park, and ice company was destroyed in the area's black neighborhoods. Many flimsy buildings were destroyed in the neighborhoods. Three portions of the Jensen causeway near Sewall's Point were ripped away. A hangar and beacon was destroyed at the local airport in Martin County. About 500\u00a0people were homeless in Stuart. A water mark of 8.5\u00a0ft (102\u00a0in) was recorded on the St. Lucie River near Stuart.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 63], "content_span": [64, 664]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066617-0014-0001", "contents": "1949 Florida hurricane, Preparations and impact, Treasure Coast\nIn Fort Pierce, winds of 100\u00a0mph (160\u00a0km/h) were reported. Trees, electrical poles, and power lines littered the streets, with nearly the entire city losing electricity. A hotel was deroofed and many businesses suffered substantial damage. Officials noted that every home suffered some degree of damage. The Indian River overflowed, flooding the city with millions of gallons of water. The hurricane destroyed 35\u00a0homes and damaged 3,300\u00a0others. Vero Beach reported sustained winds of 97\u00a0mph (156\u00a0km/h) and peak gusts of 110\u00a0mph (177\u00a0km/h). A man was injured in Vero Beach while attempting to operate a pump in the midst of hurricane-force winds; he succumbed to his injuries at a hospital in Palm Beach about two weeks later. The hurricane damaged approximately 1,000\u00a0homes throughout Indian River County.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 63], "content_span": [64, 869]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066617-0015-0000", "contents": "1949 Florida hurricane, Preparations and impact, Central Florida and beyond\nA total of 50\u00a0homes in Manatee County were damaged by the storm. Numerous Central Florida communities also reported severe damage from the winds. The observation station at Archbold Biological Station reported peak wind gusts of 110\u00a0mph (175\u00a0km/h); the town of Sebring reported 125\u00a0mph (205\u00a0km/h) gusts, which caused damage to trees and severe structural damage to buildings. Estimations of property damage reached $100,000 in the town, and local citrus groves estimated losses near $2\u00a0million. Buildings received considerable damage in the Lake Placid area, and telegraph, telephone, rail, and bus services were disrupted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 75], "content_span": [76, 699]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066617-0015-0001", "contents": "1949 Florida hurricane, Preparations and impact, Central Florida and beyond\nThroughout Highlands County, a total of 14\u00a0homes were destroyed and 165\u00a0others received damage. At the Weather Bureau office in Lakeland, the anemometer recorded sustained winds of 61\u00a0mph (98\u00a0km/h) and gusts reaching 75\u00a0mph (121\u00a0km/h). Nearly the entire city lost electricity and telephone service experienced significant interruptions. A number of electrical poles and wires fell, while fallen palm and oak trees blocked at least a dozen streets. At the Munn Park Historic District, winds shattered at least six storefront plate glass windows, uprooted hundreds of trees, and detached large advertising billboards from their anchors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 75], "content_span": [76, 710]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066617-0015-0002", "contents": "1949 Florida hurricane, Preparations and impact, Central Florida and beyond\nA brick building housing six storage units was nearly destroyed. Throughout Lakeland, hundreds of homes were partially or completely deroofed. In Orlando, the executive airport (then known as Orlando Air Force Base) observed sustained winds of 55\u00a0mph (89\u00a0km/h) and gusts up to 84\u00a0mph (135\u00a0km/h). Property damage in the city was generally light, though signs, trees, and power lines fell, causing some power outages. Several streets were blocked by falling trees, but most obstructions of the roads were quickly cleared. At Orlando Air Force Base, the storm felled about 25\u00a0trees and left some roof damage to buildings with tar-paper roofs. Wind gusts of 75\u00a0mph (120\u00a0km/h) affected Clermont. Fifty homes in Lake County experienced some degree of damage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 75], "content_span": [76, 828]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066617-0016-0000", "contents": "1949 Florida hurricane, Preparations and impact, Central Florida and beyond\nIn Alabama, a strong thunderstorm on the fringes of the hurricane damaged several airplanes, interrupted electrical services, and injured four people in Birmingham. Flooding affected Georgia and the Carolinas, although the rains alleviated drought conditions in Maryland, Pennsylvania, New York, and New England. In Georgia, a young boy was electrocuted by a downed power line near Savannah. Charleston, South Carolina, reported a wind gust of 80\u00a0mph (129\u00a0km/h), and power lines were damaged. In Maryland, damage was minimal, although trees were prostrated and electrical services were down. Throughout the United States, the hurricane caused two deaths and about $52.35\u00a0million in damage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 75], "content_span": [76, 765]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066618-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Football Championship of the Ukrainian SSR\nThe 1949 Football Championship of UkrSSR were part of the 1949 Soviet republican football competitions in the Soviet Ukraine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066619-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Ford\nThe 1949 Ford was an American automobile produced by Ford since 1948. It was the first all-new automobile design introduced by the Big Three after World War II, civilian production having been suspended during the war, and the 1946-1948 models from Ford, GM, and Chrysler being updates of their pre-war models. Popularly called the \"Shoebox Ford\" for its slab-sided, \"ponton\" design, the 1949 Ford is credited both with saving Ford and ushering in modern streamlined car design with changes such as integrated fenders and more. This design would continue through the 1951 model year, with an updated design offered in 1952. The crest was designed by Frank L. Engle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [9, 9], "content_span": [10, 675]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066619-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Ford\nAfter sticking with its well-received previous model through model year 1948, Ford completely redesigned its namesake car for the year 1949. Save for its drive-train, this was an all-new car in every way, with a modern ladder frame now supporting a coil spring independent suspension in front and longitudinal semi-elliptical springs in back. The engine was moved forward to make more room in the passenger compartment and the antiquated \"torque tube\"  was replaced by a modern drive shaft. Ford's popular 226\u00a0CID (3.7\u00a0L) L-head straight-6 and 239\u00a0CID (3.9\u00a0L) Flathead V8 remained, now rated at 90\u00a0hp (67\u00a0kW) and 100\u00a0hp (75\u00a0kW), respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [9, 9], "content_span": [10, 652]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066619-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Ford, 1949\nThe 1949 models debuted at a gala at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in New York City in June 1948, with a carousel of the new Fords complemented by a revolving demonstration of the new chassis. The new integrated steel structure was advertised as a \"lifeguard body\", and even the woody wagon was steel at heart. The convertible frame had an \"X member\" for structural rigidity.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 15], "content_span": [16, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066619-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Ford, 1949\nFrom a customer's perspective, the old Custom, De Luxe, and Super De Luxe lines were replaced by new Standard and Custom trims and the cars gained a modern look with completely integrated rear fenders and just a hint of a fender in front. This way, Ford was the first of the Big Three automotive concerns to introduce all-new postwar popular model, beating Chevrolet by six months and Plymouth by nine months, and in addition, presenting the most modern-looking car of them. The new styling approach was also evident in the 1949 Mercury Eight and the all-new Lincoln Cosmopolitan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 15], "content_span": [16, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066619-0003-0001", "contents": "1949 Ford, 1949\nThe styling was influential on many European manufacturers, such as Mercedes Benz, Borgward, Austin, Volvo and many others, while the \"Bullitt-nose\" grill was also used on the 1950-51 Studebaker coupes and sedans but with a pronounced appearance. The all new 1949 Ford was said at the time to be the car that saved the Ford Corporation. Competition from GM and Chrysler was surpassing the Old Ford designs. In some ways the vehicle was rushed into production, particularly the door mechanism design. It was said that the doors could fling open on corners. In the 1950 model there were some 10 changes in the door latching mechanism alone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 15], "content_span": [16, 654]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066619-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 Ford, 1949\nThe car was met with a success and as a result, Ford sold 1,118,740 cars of 1949 model, taking the first place among American manufacurers, although an extended 16-month model year contributed to it.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 15], "content_span": [16, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066619-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 Ford, 1950\n1950 saw a new Crestliner \"sports sedan\"\u2014a 2-door sedan with 2-tone paint intended to battle Chevrolet's popular hardtop coupe of 1950. Another new name was Country Squire, which referred to the 2-door wood-sided station wagon. All wagons received flat-folding middle seats at mid-year, an innovation that would reappear in the minivans of the 1990s. The 1949 and 1950 styling was similar, with a single central \"bullet\" in the frowning chrome grille. In the center there was a red space that had either a 6 or 8 depending if the car had the six-cylinder engine or the V8. The trim lines were renamed as well, with \"Standard\" becoming \"Deluxe\" and \"Custom\" renamed \"Custom Deluxe\". The new Fords got the now-famous \"Ford Crest\" which appeared on the division's vehicles for many decades in one form or another. A Deluxe Business Coupe was also marketed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 15], "content_span": [16, 869]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066619-0006-0000", "contents": "1949 Ford, 1951\nThe 1951 Fords featured an optional Ford-O-Matic automatic transmission for the first time (starting in November of 1950.) Ford finally answered the Chevrolet Bel Air and Plymouth Belvedere charge with the Victoria hardtop in 1951, borrowing the term from the victoria carriage. The car was an instant hit, outselling the Chevrolet by nearly 10%. The Crestliner continued for one more year, however. All 1951 Fords sported a new \"dual-bullet\" grille and heavy chrome bumpers. This year Ford also added a new \"turn-key\" ignition. Front suspension is independent coil springs. Head room was 36.1\u00a0inches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 15], "content_span": [16, 617]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066619-0007-0000", "contents": "1949 Ford, Australian production\nThe 1949, '50 and '51 V8 models were also produced in Australia, offered in 4-door sedan and as a 2-door coupe utility body styles. The coupe utility was a uniquely Australian variant, developed by Ford Australia. Australian content on the locally produced models had reached 80% by 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 32], "content_span": [33, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066620-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Fordham Rams football team\nThe 1949 Fordham Rams football team represented Fordham University during the 1949 college football season. The Army Cadets hosted Vince Lombardi's former team, the Fordham Rams at Michie Stadium. One of the members of the Rams was Vince's brother, Joe Lombardi, who transferred to the school after Lombardi left. Tim Cohane, writer of Look magazine was a Fordham alumnus, and a friend of Army coach Earl Blaik. He pressured both teams to play each other. Cohane felt the game would help Fordham rise to national prominence. Herb Seidell, the Fordham captain, lost a tooth in the game. Several fights ensued and the media named the match, the Donnybrook on the Hudson. There were multiple penalties for unnecessary roughness.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 757]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066621-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 France rugby union tour of Argentina\nThe 1949 France rugby union tour of Argentina was a series of rugby union matches played by the France national team in Argentina. It was the first official visit of a European team in South America.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066621-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 France rugby union tour of Argentina\nBetween the two test match was played an exhibition match between two mixed teams both formed of Argentinian and French Team. The \"Blancos\" (White) won against \"Colorados\" (Red) (24\u201314). Many referee were British people who lived in Argentina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066621-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 France rugby union tour of Argentina, Match details\nProvincia: R. del Molino Torres, E. Caffarone, A. Dones, A. Palma, L. Ehrman, R. Giles, G. Ehrman, N_ Tompkins, M. Sarand\u00f3n, R. Allen, E. Dom\u00ednguez, A. Castelnuovo, J. Petrone, C. Swain, R. Follet. France: N. Baudry, M. Pomathios, P. Dizabo, J. Lassegue, G. Dufau, Y. Bergougnan, Prat, G. Basquet, J. Matheu, J. Soro, Al. Moga, L. Caron, M. Jol, E. Buzy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 56], "content_span": [57, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066621-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 France rugby union tour of Argentina, Match details\nCASI\u2013SIC: R. del Molino Torres, R. Gil, J. M. Belgrano, F. Guastavino, A. Arana, R. Ochoa, M. de las Carreras, M. Villalonga, L. Allen, M. Sarand\u00f3n, H, Conti, J. Morganti, C. Rol\u00f3n, C. Taccioli, C. Orti. France: N. Baudry, M. Pomathios, F. Dizabo, F. Desclaux, R. Geneste, M. Terreau, P. Lasaosa, Prat, A. Moga, R. Lacrampe, R. Soro, Al. Moga, L. Caron, L. Mart\u00edn, P. Aristouy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 56], "content_span": [57, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066621-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 France rugby union tour of Argentina, Match details\nClub Fundadores: E. Moore, W. Chiswell, J. Hardie, W. Mc Minn, R. Gilderdale, P. Macadam, J. Pow, D. Hughes, A. Phillips, E. Lucotti, A. Bori, G. Daw, G. Bridger, G. Hardie, E. Stocks. France: N. Baudry; M. Pomathios, F. Desclaux, R. Geneste; J. Lassegue, \"M. Terreau, Y. Bergougnan, R. Lacrampe, G. Basquet, J. Matheu, R. Soro, Al. Moga, E. Buzy, M. Jol, L. Caron.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 56], "content_span": [57, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066621-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 France rugby union tour of Argentina, Match details\nLa Plata: P. Garese, M.  Mor\u00f3n, C. A. Mercader, R. Ferrando, R. M\u00e9ndez, J. Ocampo, H. Dutil, L. Sarav\u00ed, E. Weber, R. Arce, M. Galv\u00e1n, R. Gitard, R. Gorostiaga, H. Nocetti, P. Oppici. France: N. Baudry, R. Geneste, H. Dutrain, M. Terreau, J. Lassegue, G. Dufau, P. Lasaosa, J. Matheu, An. Moga, R. Lacrampe, Al. Moga, R. Soro, P. Aristouy, L. Martin, E. Buzy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 56], "content_span": [57, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066621-0006-0000", "contents": "1949 France rugby union tour of Argentina, Match details\nPucar\u00e1: G. Niveiro, P. Bereciart\u00faa, A. Palma, J. C. de Pablo, L. Ehrman, R. E. Giles, G. Ehrman, H. de Pablo, D. Bereciart\u00faa, E. Dom\u00ednguez, A. Fern\u00e1ndez, A. Barnadas, L. Carratelli, E. Dacharry, J. C. Petrone. |line-up2=France: F. Desclaux, J. Lassegue, H. Dutrain, P. Dizabo, R. Geneste, M. Terreau, Y. Bergougnan, J. Matheu, G. Basquet, G. Dufau, Al. Moga, R. Soro, E. Buzy, M. Jol, L. Caron.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 56], "content_span": [57, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066621-0007-0000", "contents": "1949 France rugby union tour of Argentina, Match details\nCapital:  J. Genoud, 'W. Chiswell, J. Hardie, W. Mc Minn, R. Gilderdale, P. Macadam, C. Ben\u00edtez Cruz, D. Hughes, A. Phillips, B. Grigolon, L. Maurette, A. Bori, C. Peterson, E. Verzoletto, G. Hardie. France:\u00a0: N. Baudry, H. Dutrain, M. Terreau, F. Desclaux, J. Lassegue, G. Dufau, Y. Bergougnan, Prat, J. Matheu, R. Soro, Al. Moga, L. Caron, M. Jol, E. Buzy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 56], "content_span": [57, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066621-0008-0000", "contents": "1949 France rugby union tour of Argentina, Match details\nEstudiantes (P):  M. Avellaneda, R. Castello, F. Luj\u00e1n, O. Gomes, F. Rodr\u00edguez Gurruchaga, F. Garc\u00eda, F. Torn\u00e9, M. Benavente, F. Fonseca, C. Ferrer, R. Caino, R. Arcioni, F. Borches, C. Rabuffetti, D. Kaufman. France:\u00a0: F. Desclaux, R. Geneste, M Terreau, H. Dutrain, J. Lassegue, N. Baudry, G. Dufau, Prat, An. Moga, R. Lacrampe, Al. Moga, R. Soro, L. Caron, J. Matheu, P. Aristouy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 56], "content_span": [57, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066621-0009-0000", "contents": "1949 France rugby union tour of Argentina, Match details, First test\nArgentina: W. Holmes, L. Dorado, A. Palma, P. Macadam, E. Caffarone, R. Giles, G. Ehrman, D. Hughes, A. Phillips, M. Sarandon, W. Tompkins, A. Dom\u00ednguez, J. Petrone, C. Swain, C. Orti. France:\u00a0: N. Baudry, M. Pomathios, F: Desclaux, H. Dutrain, J. Lassegue, M., Terreau, Y. Bergougnan; Prat, G. Basquet, J. Matheu, R. Soro, Al. Moga, E. Buzy, M. Jol, L. Caron.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 68], "content_span": [69, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066621-0010-0000", "contents": "1949 France rugby union tour of Argentina, Match details, Second test\nArgentina: W. Holmes, W. Chiswell, A. Palma, P. Macadam, E. Caffarone, R. Giles, G. Elirman, D. Hughes, A. Phillips, M. Sarandon, N. Tompkins, A. Dom\u00ednguez, J. Petrone, E, Dacharry, C. Corti. France:\u00a0: N. Baudry, M. Pomathios, R. Geneste, P. Dizabo, P. Desclaux, M. Terreau, Y. Bergougnan, Prat, R. Lacrampe, J. Matheu, R. Soro, Al. Moga, E. Buzy, M. Jol, P. Aristouy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 69], "content_span": [70, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066621-0011-0000", "contents": "1949 France rugby union tour of Argentina, Exhibition Match\nAn Exhibition match was played between the two test match. Two teams were arranged, both with some French and Argentinian players. The \"Blancos\" (\"Whites\"), won against \"Colorados\" (\"Coloreds\")", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 59], "content_span": [60, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066621-0012-0000", "contents": "1949 France rugby union tour of Argentina, Exhibition Match\nBlancos J. Prat, H. Dutrain, R. Geneste, F: Desclaux; M. Pomathios, G. Dufau, P. Lasaosa, H. Ca\u00f1o (Curu\u00acpayt\u00ed), L. Allen (C.A.S.I. ), B. Grigolon (Hind\u00fa), W. Beckwith (San Mart\u00edn), H. Conti (S.I.C. ), A. Guyot (C.A.S.I. ), E. Dacharry (Pucar\u00e1), C. Peterson (Bs. As.). Colorados:\u00a0: M. Avellaneda (Estudiantes), R. Gilder\u00acdale (Bs. As. ), E. Fern\u00e1ndez del Casol (C.U.B.A. ), A. Jones (Old G's), C. Di Pasquo (Curupayt\u00ed), M. Fellner (C.U.B.A. ), C. Ben\u00edtez Cruz (C.U.B.A. ), R. Lacrampe, An. Moga, J. Matheu, R. Soro, Al. Moga, E. Buzy, R. Martin, P. Aristouy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 59], "content_span": [60, 617]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066622-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Free Territory of Trieste municipal election\nMunicipal elections were held in the six municipalities of the Anglo-American occupation zone ('Zone A') of the Free Territory of Trieste in June 1949, Trieste, Duino-Aurisina, San Dorligo della Valle, Sgonico, Monrupino and Muggia. There were 197,266 eligible voters in the electoral rolls in Trieste and a combined number of 15,392 eligible voters in the five other municipalities.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066622-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Free Territory of Trieste municipal election\nThe elections were largely symbolic, as the elected officials had no formal decision-making over the Allied Military Government (AMG), which controlled the most areas of administration. Ahead of the elections, the AMG intervened in order to boost the pro-Italian conservative Christian Democracy (DC) party. The Christian Democrats were also supported by the mainstream press, represented by newspapers such as Messaggero Veneto and Giornale di Trieste. In their election campaign the Christian Democrats and their pro-Italian allies ran an anti-Slavic campaign, accusing their communist opponents of being anti-religious.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 672]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066622-0001-0001", "contents": "1949 Free Territory of Trieste municipal election\nAs such the election campaign followed the pattern of the Italian general election of 1948, in which the Christian Democrats and other moderate elements had campaigned on the plank of whipping up fears of a Bolshevik takeover of Italy. The Christian Democratic campaign struck a chord especially amongst women voters in the Free Territory, who were allowed to vote for the first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066622-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Free Territory of Trieste municipal election\nThe Communist Party of the Free Territory of Trieste (PCTLT), which had initially supported the incorporation of the Free Territory with Yugoslavia, had been divided as a result of the rupture between the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia in 1948. The pro-Yugoslav communists were now regrouped in the Slovenian-Italian Popular Front (FPIS), with the daily newspaper Primorski dnevnik as their press outlet.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066622-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Free Territory of Trieste municipal election\nA third force was the Independence Front, which sought to convert the Free Territory into an independent state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066622-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 Free Territory of Trieste municipal election, Other municipalities\nThe elections in the five smaller municipalities were marked by victories of the Communist Party and its front organization, the Slavic-Italian Anti- Fascist Union. The Communist Party won 57% of the votes in Muggia (8,039 votes, whilst the Titoist FPIS obtained 1,387 votes), and the Slavic-Italian Anti- Fascist Union won 33% of the total vote in Duino-Aurisina, 55% in San Dorligo della Valle, 51% in Sgonico and 97% in Monrupino. These results were heralded by Pravda as a victory for the Communist Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 71], "content_span": [72, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066623-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 French Championships (tennis)\nThe 1949 French Championships (now known as the French Open) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor clay courts at the Stade Roland-Garros in Paris, France. The tournament ran from 18 May until 29 May. It was the 53rd staging of the French Championships, and the second Grand Slam tennis event of 1949. Frank Parker and Margaret Osborne duPont won the singles titles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066623-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 French Championships (tennis), Finals, Men's Doubles\nPancho Gonzales /  Frank Parker  defeated  Eustace Fannin /  Eric Sturgess  6\u20133, 8\u20136, 5\u20137, 6\u20133", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 57], "content_span": [58, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066623-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 French Championships (tennis), Finals, Women's Doubles\nMargaret Osborne duPont  /  Louise Brough defeated  Joy Gannon /  Betty Hilton 7\u20135, 6\u20131", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 59], "content_span": [60, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066623-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 French Championships (tennis), Finals, Mixed Doubles\nSheila Piercey Summers /  Eric Sturgess defeated  Jean Quertier  /  Gerry Oakley  6\u20131, 6\u20131", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 57], "content_span": [58, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066624-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 French Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nFrank Parker defeated Budge Patty 6\u20133, 1\u20136, 6\u20131, 6\u20134 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1949 French Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066624-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 French Championships \u2013 Men's Singles, Seeds\nThe seeded players are listed below. Frank Parker is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 48], "content_span": [49, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066625-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 French Championships \u2013 Women's Singles\nFirst-seeded Margaret duPont defeated Nelly Adamson 7\u20135, 6\u20132 in the final to win the Women's Singles tennis title at the 1949 French Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066625-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 French Championships \u2013 Women's Singles, Seeds\nThe seeded players are listed below. Margaret duPont is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 50], "content_span": [51, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066626-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 French Grand Prix\nThe 1949 French Grand Prix was a Grand Prix motor race held at Reims on 17 July 1949. The race was won by Louis Chiron, who was driving a Talbot-Lago T26C.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066627-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 French Oceania by-election\nOn August 3, 1949 the incumbent member of the French National Assembly from French Oceania, Georges Ahnne died. A by-election was held on October 22, 1949, to fill the vacant seat. The election was won by Pouvanaa a Oopa, who got 62% of the votes cast.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066628-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Fresno State Bulldogs football team\nThe 1949 Fresno State Bulldogs football team represented Fresno State College during the 1949 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066628-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Fresno State Bulldogs football team\nFresno State competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA). The team was led by head coach Alvin Pierson in his second one-year stint in the position. He had previously been coach in 1945. The Bulldogs played home games at Ratcliffe Stadium on the campus of Fresno City College in Fresno, California. They finished the season with a record of three wins and eight losses (3\u20138, 1\u20133 CCAA). The Bulldogs were outscored 156\u2013344 for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066628-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Fresno State Bulldogs football team, Team players in the NFL\nThe following Fresno State Bulldogs were selected in the 1950 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 65], "content_span": [66, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066629-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Gator Bowl\nThe 1949 Gator Bowl was a college football post-season bowl game that featured the Clemson Tigers and the Missouri Tigers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066629-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Gator Bowl, Background\nIn 1947, Clemson had gone 4-5, though they won their last three games to finish with a second straight losing season. In 1948, however, they got off to a hot start, routing Presbyterian and NC State with 59 points and allowing none. They rose to #14 by week 4, as they ran the table and finished the regular season 10-0, with a perfect 5-0 record in the Southern Conference. This was their first conference title since 1940. Going into this game, the Tigers had won 13 straight games as they went to their first bowl game in nine years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 27], "content_span": [28, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066629-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Gator Bowl, Background\nMeanwhile, Missouri went 8-2, an improvement of two games from last season, with a five-game winning streak occurring after a 21-7 loss to Ohio State. They finished 5-1 in the Big Seven Conference, losing to Oklahoma 41-7.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 27], "content_span": [28, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066629-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Gator Bowl, Game summary\nMissouri had 16 first downs to Clemson's 19, while rushing for 225 yards on 52 carries to Clemson's 186 yards on 42 carries. Missouri passed for 73 yards while Clemson passed for 112. Both teams had 298 yards. Missouri had 3 punts and a 31.0 yard average while Clemson punted once for 35 yards. Missouri lost the ball twice on fumbles while Clemson had one interception. Missouri had four penalties for 42 yards and Clemson had 2 penalties for 10 yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 29], "content_span": [30, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066629-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 Gator Bowl, Game summary\nFor Clemson, Gage went 10-of-23 for 112 yards and one touchdown, while rushing for 25 yards on 15 carries. Fred Cone rushed for 72 yards on 14 carries for two touchdowns. Harold Entsminger rushed for 77 yards on 17 carries and two touchdowns for Missouri.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 29], "content_span": [30, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066629-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 Gator Bowl, Aftermath\nThe following year, Clemson went 4-4-2, while Missouri went 7-4. Missouri went to the Gator Bowl the following year, but lose again. Clemson did not go to another Gator Bowl until 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 26], "content_span": [27, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066630-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Gent\u2013Wevelgem\nThe 1949 Gent\u2013Wevelgem was the 11th edition of the Gent\u2013Wevelgem cycle race and was held on 3 April 1949. The race started in Ghent and finished in Wevelgem. The race was won by Marcel Kint.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066631-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 George Washington Colonials football team\nThe 1949 George Washington Colonials football team was an American football team that represented George Washington University as part of the Southern Conference during the 1949 college football season. In their second season under head coach Bo Rowland, the team compiled a 4\u20135 record (2\u20133 in the SoCon).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066632-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Georgetown Hoyas football team\nThe 1949 Georgetown Hoyas football team was an American football team that represented Georgetown University as an independent during the 1949 college football season. In their first season under head coach Bob Margarita, the Hoyas compiled a 5\u20134 record in the regular season, lost to Texas Western in the 1950 Sun Bowl, and were outscored by all opponents by a total of 210 to 139. The team played its home games at Griffith Stadium in Washington, D.C.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 489]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066633-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Georgia Bulldogs football team\nThe 1949 Georgia Bulldogs football team represented the Georgia Bulldogs of the University of Georgia during the 1949 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066634-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team\nThe 1949 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team represented the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets of the Georgia Institute of Technology during the 1949 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066635-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 German football championship\nThe 1949 German football championship, the 39th edition of the competition, was the culmination of the 1948\u201349 football season in Germany. VfR Mannheim were crowned champions for the first time after a one-leg knock-out tournament. It was both sides' first appearance in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066635-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 German football championship\nThe tournament was expanded so that ten teams were to take part in the final stage which was played as a one-leg knock-out tournament, with the matches played on neutral ground. The five regional Oberliga winners, along with VfR Mannheim and Wormatia Worms, automatically qualified for the quarter finals, while the remaining three teams played qualifying rounds to clinch the eighth place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066635-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 German football championship\nThe 1949 championship was the first to see a new trophy for the champions awarded. The pre-Second World War trophy, the Viktoria, had disappeared during the final stages of the war and would not resurface until after the German reunification. The new trophy, the Meisterschale, was not ready for the 1948 season but was finished in time to be awarded to the 1949 champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066636-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Giro d'Italia\nThe 1949 Giro d'Italia was the 32nd\u00a0edition of the Giro d'Italia, a cycling race organized and sponsored by the newspaper La Gazzetta dello Sport. The race began on 21 May in Palermo with a stage that stretched 261\u00a0km (162\u00a0mi) to Catania, finishing in Monza on 12 June after a 267\u00a0km (166\u00a0mi) stage and a total distance covered of 4,088\u00a0km (2,540\u00a0mi). The race was won by the Italian rider Fausto Coppi of the Bianchi team, with fellow Italians Gino Bartali and Giordano Cottur coming in second and third respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066636-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Giro d'Italia\nCoppi won the overall by way of the memorable 17th stage (from Cuneo to Pinerolo), during which he escaped from the group and climbed alone the Maddalena Pass, the Col de Vars, the Col d'Izoard, the Col de Montgen\u00e8vre and the Sestriere Pass, arriving in Pinerolo 11'52\" ahead of Bartali, his tenacious antagonist during those years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066636-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Giro d'Italia, Teams\nA total of 15 teams were invited to participate in the 1949 Giro d'Italia. Each team sent a squad of seven riders, so the Giro began with a peloton of 105 cyclists. Out of the 105 riders that started this edition of the Giro d'Italia, a total of 65 riders made it to the finish in Monza.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 25], "content_span": [26, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066636-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Giro d'Italia, Pre-race favorites\nThe main favorites entering the race were Gino Bartali and Fausto Coppi. Vito Ortelli, who placed fourth the year prior did not participate as he was suffering from an illness and stayed home. l'Unit\u00e0's Attilio Camoriano wrote that Coppi's form entering the race could allow him to gain the lead early on and hold it from Bartali, who was known to take several stages to warm up and adjust to the race. Camoriano added that Bartali would likely not let that happen as he was known to find strength and referenced previous Tours de France. He further stated that Coppi's Bianchi team was stronger and better organized than Bartali's eponymous team. Aside from the aforementioned contenders, Fiorelli's Jean Goldschmit was thought to be the team's best contender as Ganna\u2013Ursus's Albert Dubuisson was known to fade on climbs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 38], "content_span": [39, 862]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066636-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 Giro d'Italia, Route and stages\nThe route for this edition of the Giro d'Italia was announced on 7 February 1949. The stages involving the Piedmont region were finalized on 24 March. The race was scheduled to begin at 8 am at the Villa Giulia in Palermo. Attilio Camoriano of l'Unit\u00e0 stated that the riders were likely to use their heavy, thicker tires because after the Santo Stefano junction, the roads contained lava rocks from Mount Etna throughout and those were known to cut tires easily. The Sicilian government offered race organizers ten million lire to host the start of the Giro.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 36], "content_span": [37, 595]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066636-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 Giro d'Italia, Route and stages\nPrior to the start of the race, bandit Salvatore Giuliano who had been on the run near Sicily's Montelepre was being searched for by police as the area was in a state of emergency for several weeks. It was rumored that Giuliano threatened to line the race route in the mountains and shoot at the participants with machine guns if the police did not call off their search for him. Specifically Giuliano threatened to interrupt the first stage along its route from Palermo to Catania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 36], "content_span": [37, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066636-0005-0001", "contents": "1949 Giro d'Italia, Route and stages\nDue to these threats, there were discussions to cancel the two planned stages in Sicily, but the stages remained. Instead, the normal police escort for the Giro d'Italia caravan that travels with the race would be increased from 6 to 10 cars and cars would not be allowed to stop along the route throughout the two stages on the island except in cases of \"force majeure.\" The added police were not due to the rumors of the attack, but allegedly to prevent a potential escape by Giuliano.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 36], "content_span": [37, 524]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066636-0006-0000", "contents": "1949 Giro d'Italia, Classification leadership\nIn the 1949 Giro d'Italia there were two major classifications. For the general classification, calculated by adding each cyclist's finishing times on each stage, and allowing time bonuses for the first three finishers on mass-start stages, the leader received a pink jersey. This classification was considered the most important of the Giro d'Italia, and the winner was considered the winner of the Giro.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 45], "content_span": [46, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066636-0007-0000", "contents": "1949 Giro d'Italia, Classification leadership\nIn the mountains classifications, points were won by reaching the top of a climb before other cyclists. This classification did not award a jersey to the leader. The highest climb of the race was the Col d'Izoard in stage seventeen, which was 2360m. The other stages that included categorized climbs were stages: 1, 3, 11, 13, 14, 15, 17, and 19.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 45], "content_span": [46, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066636-0008-0000", "contents": "1949 Giro d'Italia, Classification leadership\nA white jersey was awarded to the rider from a non-major \"industrial\" team with the lowest total time.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 45], "content_span": [46, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066636-0009-0000", "contents": "1949 Giro d'Italia, Classification leadership\nThere was a black jersey (maglia nera) awarded to the rider placed last in the general classification. The classification was calculated in the same manner as the general classification.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 45], "content_span": [46, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066636-0010-0000", "contents": "1949 Giro d'Italia, Classification leadership\nThere was a classification for sprints called the \"Gran Premio Tappa Volanti\" classification. This consisted of a sprint line that was marked in eight stages of the race, stages 2, 4, 7, 8, 9, 12, 14, and 19. Specifically the eight sprints were located in the following places Taormina, Castrovilliari, Terni, Ferrara, Trieste, Verone, Chiavari, and Novara, respectivey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 45], "content_span": [46, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066636-0011-0000", "contents": "1949 Giro d'Italia, Classification leadership\nFor placing in the top three for each classification, on the final stage placings, the \"Gran Premio Tappa Volanti\", or crossing a categorized climb for the mountains classification, time bonuses were awarded. One minute time bonus was given to the first placed rider, thirty seconds to second place, and fifteen second to third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 45], "content_span": [46, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066637-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Glamorgan County Council election\nThe eighteenth election to Glamorgan County Council, south Wales, took place in April 1949. It was preceded by the 1946 election followed by the 1952 election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066637-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Glamorgan County Council election, Overview\nLabour's comfortable majority on the council, including the aldermanic bench, remained unchanged.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 48], "content_span": [49, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066637-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Glamorgan County Council election, Contested elections\nLabour contested almost every seat on the council, with a significant proportion of candidates returned unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 59], "content_span": [60, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066637-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Glamorgan County Council election, Contested elections\nOf the eleven aldermen retiring at the end of their sixth year term, nine sought re-election while Rev William Saunders, a member for over thirty years, was deselected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 59], "content_span": [60, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066637-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 Glamorgan County Council election, Outcome\nLabour retained their majority as comfortably as in all previous elections, and captured the Garw Valley ward from the Communists This was the first county election for nine years as polling was reported as heavy in a number of wards, including the two contested wards at Pontypridd.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 47], "content_span": [48, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066637-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 Glamorgan County Council election, Results, Barry\nDudley Howe had previously represented Cadoxton and gained the neighbouring Barry ward from Labour. However, Labour won Cadoxton for the first time against the new candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 54], "content_span": [55, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066637-0006-0000", "contents": "1949 Glamorgan County Council election, Results, Mountain Ash\nThe sitting member, the Hon. John Bruce (Ind) stood down and Labour gained the seat without a contest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 61], "content_span": [62, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066637-0007-0000", "contents": "1949 Glamorgan County Council election, Election of Aldermen\nIn addition to the 66 councillors the council consisted of 22 county aldermen. Aldermen were elected by the council, and served a six-year term. Following the 1928 election, there were eleven Aldermanic vacancies, all of which all of which were filled by Labour nominees despite the protestations of their opponents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 60], "content_span": [61, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066637-0008-0000", "contents": "1949 Glamorgan County Council election, By-elections, Barry Dock by-election\nLabour lost the by-election held following the re-election of Dorothy Rees to the aldermanic bench. The Labour candidate had been elected following Rees's original election as alderman three years previously and at the recent election had unsuccessfully contested the neighbouring Barry ward.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 76], "content_span": [77, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066637-0009-0000", "contents": "1949 Glamorgan County Council election, By-elections, Port Talbot by-election\nJoe Brown, former agent to Ramsay Macdonald when he was MP for Aberavon, failed to gain the Labour nomination and ran as an Independent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 77], "content_span": [78, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066638-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Glasgow Corporation election\nThe 1949 Glasgow Corporation elections were held on Tuesday 3 May 1949. The election was held against a wider backdrop of Labour losses across the country, however Labour managed to maintain an overall majority of elected members. The Labour group did see a particularly high-profile loss when the Labour group leader Andrew Hood, the councillor for Provan, lost his seat. The new council was composed entirely of Labour and Progressive members, with all smaller parties having lost their representation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066638-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Glasgow Corporation election\nWhilst the Labour party had won a majority of elected members, the corporation also featured two ex-officio members: the Dean of Guild (Lord Inverclyde) and the Deacon-Convenor. Whilst not party affiliated, these members had traditionally voted with the Progressives. As a result, following the election the Progressives John Donald Kelly took over as council leader; the first Progressive council leader since 1933, when Labour had taken control.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066639-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Governor General's Awards\nThe 1949 Governor General's Awards for Literary Merit were the 14th rendition of the Governor General's Awards, Canada's annual national awards program which then comprised literary awards alone. The awards recognized Canadian writers for new English-language works published in Canada during 1949 and were presented early in 1950. There were no cash prizes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066639-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Governor General's Awards\nThe Governor General's Award for juvenile literature was introduced, and would be conferred annually through the 1958 cycle, after which there were several changes for the 1959 Governor General's Awards under the new administrator Canada Council. As every year from 1949 to 1958, there were two awards for non-fiction, and five awards in four categories that recognized English-language works only.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066640-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Grand National\nThe 1949 Grand National was the 103rd renewal of the world-famous Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool, England, on 26 March 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066640-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Grand National\nThe race was won by 66/1 shot Russian Hero, a comfortable eight lengths ahead of his nearest challenger. Russian Hero was ridden by jockey Leo McMorrow and trained by George Owen, winning the top prize of \u00a313,000 for owner Fearnie Williamson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066640-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Grand National\nForty-three horses ran; Roimond finished second, with Royal Mount third and Cromwell fourth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066641-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season\nThe 1949 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season was the inaugural F.I.M. Road Racing World Championship Grand Prix season. The season consisted of six Grand Prix races in five classes: 500cc, 350cc, 250cc, 125cc and Sidecars 600cc. It began on 17 June, with Isle of Man TT and ended with Nations Grand Prix on 4 September.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066641-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season, Standings, Scoring system\nPoints were awarded to the top five finishers in each race with an extra point for the race finisher with the fastest lap. All rounds counted towards the championship in the 125cc, 250cc and Sidecar categories, while in the 350cc and 500cc championships, only the best three results counted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066642-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Grand Prix season\nThe 1949 Grand Prix season was the fourth post-war year for Grand Prix racing and the final year before the beginning of the Formula One World Championship. It was the third season of FIA Formula One motor racing, though some of that season's Grands Prix still used other formulas. Races were run to Formula One criteria restricted engines to 1.5\u00a0litres supercharged or 4.5\u00a0litres naturally aspirated. There was no organised championship in 1949, although several of the more prestigious races were recognised as Grandes \u00c9preuves (great trials) by the FIA. Alberto Ascari and Juan Manuel Fangio proved to be the most successful drivers, each winning five Grands Prix. Maserati's cars were the most successful brand, winning 10 of the season's 27 Grand Prix races.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 786]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066643-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Green Bay Packers season\nThe 1949 Green Bay Packers season was their 31st season overall and their 29th season in the National Football League. The team finished with a 2\u201310 record under coach Curly Lambeau for a fifth-place finish in the Western Conference. This was the 31st and final season the Packers played under Lambeau, who resigned and then coached the Chicago Cardinals in 1950 and 1951 and the Washington Redskins in 1952 and 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066643-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Green Bay Packers season\nThe 1949 season was also the final year for blue and gold jerseys, as the Packers switched to kelly green and yellow in 1950 under new coach Gene Ronzani, a graduate of Marquette University.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066643-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Green Bay Packers season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 40], "content_span": [41, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066644-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Hamilton Tigers season\nThe 1949 Hamilton Tigers season was the second for the club in the Ontario Rugby Football Union after playing in the Interprovincial Rugby Football Union for 34 seasons since 1907. This would also be the last season for the Tigers as the club would merge with the Hamilton Wildcats following this season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066644-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Hamilton Tigers season\nThe Tigers finished in 1st place in the ORFU with a 10\u20132 record, but lost to the Montreal Alouettes in the Eastern Final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066645-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Hamilton Wildcats season\nThe 1949 Hamilton Wildcats season was the ninth in franchise history and second for the club in Interprovincial Rugby Football Union. This would also be the last season for the Wildcats as the club would merge with the Hamilton Tigers following this season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066645-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Hamilton Wildcats season\nThe Wildcats finished in 4th place in the IRFU with a 0\u201312 record and did not qualify for the playoffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066646-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Hammersmith South by-election\nA by-election for the constituency of Hammersmith South in the United Kingdom House of Commons was held on 24 February 1949, caused by the death of the incumbent Labour MP William Thomas Adams. The result was a hold for the Labour Party, with their candidate Thomas Williams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066647-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Harbor Bowl\nThe 1949 Harbor Bowl was an American college football bowl game played on January 1, 1949 at Balboa Stadium in San Diego, California. The game pitted the Nevada Wolf Pack and the Villanova Wildcats. This was the 3rd and final edition of the Harbor Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066647-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Harbor Bowl, Background\nAs an NCAA University Division independent, the Wildcats won 7 of their 10 games while being invited to their second bowl game in two years. The Wildcats had beaten Texas A&M, Miami and North Carolina State while tying Kentucky. The Wolf Pack (also an independent) finished with nine victories, the most in one regular season for the Wolf Pack, who were making their second straight bowl game appearance. The Wolf Pack had beaten Tulsa, Wichita, Fresno State, and San Jose.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 28], "content_span": [29, 502]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066647-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Harbor Bowl, Game summary\nIn a battle of a rough-minded Eastern team and an air attack oriented Western team on an overcast and rainy day, the hard-lining Wildcats pulled through. Nevada quarterback Stan Heath and fullback Sherman Howard both fell prey to injury before the first half ended, with Villanova scoring twice in that span, with Nevada fumbling the ball on the goal line at one point in the 2nd quarter. John Geppi rushed for 114 yards on six carries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 30], "content_span": [31, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066647-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Harbor Bowl, Aftermath\nThe Wolf Pack did not return to a bowl game for 43 years, until 1992 when they were invited to the Las Vegas Bowl due to winning the Big West Conference in their first season of Division I-A play. It took four more years for the Wolf Pack to win a bowl game, which ended a 48-year drought. As for the Wildcats, they did not return to a bowl game until 1961. This was the last Harbor Bowl ever held.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 27], "content_span": [28, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066648-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Hardin\u2013Simmons Cowboys football team\nThe 1949 Hardin\u2013Simmons Cowboys football team was an American football team that represented Hardin\u2013Simmons University in the Border Conference during the 1949 college football season. In its sixth season under head coach Warren B. Woodson, the team compiled a 6\u20134\u20131 record (4\u20132 against conference opponents), tied for third place in the conference, and outscored opponents by a total of 318 to 189.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066648-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Hardin\u2013Simmons Cowboys football team\nThe team was led by halfback Hook Davis, quarterback John \"Model T\" Ford, and end Bob McChesney, all three of whom were named to the 1949 All-Border Conference football team. Ford threw 26 touchdown passes in 11 games during the 1949 season, breaking the national record of 22 set one year earlier by Nevada quarterback Stan Heath.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066649-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Harvard Crimson football team\nThe 1949 Harvard Crimson football team was an American football team that represented Harvard University during the 1949 college football season. In their second and final year under head coach Arthur Valpey, the Crimson compiled a 1\u20138 record and were outscored 276 to 103. Howard E. Houston was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066649-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Harvard Crimson football team\nHarvard played its home games at Harvard Stadium in the Allston neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066650-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Hawaii Rainbows football team\nThe 1949 Hawaii Rainbows football team represented the University of Hawai\u02bbi as an independent during the 1949 college football season. In their fifth season under head coach Tom Kaulukukui, the Rainbows compiled a 6\u20133 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066651-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Hawthorn Football Club season\nThe 1949 season was the Hawthorn Football Club's 25th season in the Victorian Football League and 48th overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066652-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Hazara Rebellion\nThe 1949 Hazara Rebellion was a rebellion by Hazara rebels in the region of Shahristan in the Kingdom of Afghanistan, which took place in 1949. It was suppressed by a military battalion led by the governor of Kabul, after which the leader of the rebellion, Qurban Zawar, was arrested.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066653-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Holland Tunnel fire\nOn the morning of Friday, May 13, 1949, a hazardous materials truck caught fire while passing through the Holland Tunnel, which travels under the Hudson River between New York City and New Jersey. One firefighter was killed and 66 civilians were injured as a result of the fire. The 1996 motion picture Daylight, starring Sylvester Stallone, was loosely based on this incident.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066653-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Holland Tunnel fire, Timeline, Ignition\nAt 8:30\u00a0a.m. a truck carrying eighty 55-gallon (210 L) drums of carbon disulfide entered the southern tube at the New Jersey portal. The tunnel has two tubes, the southern one for eastbound traffic and the northern one for westbound traffic. At the time, it was forbidden to carry carbon disulfide through either tube. After the truck had traveled east for approximately 2900\u00a0feet (880\u00a0m) in heavy traffic, one of the drums broke free of its restraints, fell onto the roadway and cracked open.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 44], "content_span": [45, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066653-0001-0001", "contents": "1949 Holland Tunnel fire, Timeline, Ignition\nVapor released from the drum was ignited when it came into contact with a hot surface, probably a brake shoe or exhaust pipe. Carbon disulfide vapor ignites when raised to a temperature of 194\u00a0\u00b0F (90\u00a0\u00b0C), so it was considered highly flammable; moreover, it could be deadly if inhaled in large amounts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 44], "content_span": [45, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066653-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Holland Tunnel fire, Timeline, Ignition\nThe truck came to rest in the left lane of the tunnel on a 0.25% downgrade and began to burn. Four trucks stopped on the right lane and also caught fire or were abandoned, and five more trucks caught fire slightly to the back of the carbon disulfide-carrying truck. The tunnel west of the fire became gridlocked with traffic; ultimately, 125 vehicles got stuck in the tube before it was closed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 44], "content_span": [45, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066653-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Holland Tunnel fire, Timeline, Emergency response\nPort Authority patrolmen in the tube east and west of the truck radioed in to advise of the blockage (8:48\u00a0a.m.) then to advise of the fire (8:56\u00a0a.m.). They assisted drivers to escape to the north tube through cross-passages. Tunnel staff entered the New Jersey portal to evacuate the occupants there and started to reverse vehicles out, while a wrecker crew drove the wrong way along the south tube and began fighting the fire at the site of the truck where it started.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 54], "content_span": [55, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066653-0003-0001", "contents": "1949 Holland Tunnel fire, Timeline, Emergency response\nAt the time of the fire, the tunnel was operated by the Port Authority, which had control of various other transportation facilities in the area as well. Consequently, they had a wrecker crew at the eastern end of the south tube. They initiated firefighting operations at the site of the fire with a 1.5-inch (3.8\u00a0cm) hose about five minutes after it started. However, they soon realized that they needed extra assistance due to the confined nature of the fire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 54], "content_span": [55, 516]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066653-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 Holland Tunnel fire, Timeline, Emergency response\nThe Jersey City Fire Department (JCFD) was alerted at 9:05\u00a0a.m., and the New York City Fire Department (FDNY) was alerted at 9:12\u00a0a.m. The FDNY crew set up a command post in the north tunnel at a cross passage near to the fire. They relieved the wrecker crew and transmitted a 2nd alarm at 9:30\u00a0a.m. When the JCFD crews arrived at the tunnel portal, they also sent requests for more firefighters and for breathing equipment. The crews also worked on placing illumination inside the tunnel. The FDNY and JCFD called up 29 firefighting trucks of varying types and borrowed four more trucks with breathing apparatus from Consolidated Edison. In total there were about 63 emergency response vehicles (including police, medical units, Port Authority vehicles and supervisory vehicles).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 54], "content_span": [55, 835]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066653-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 Holland Tunnel fire, Timeline, Emergency response\nHot smoke caused a second fire to start, in a group of trucks apparently carrying paint and turpentine approximately 350\u00a0feet (110\u00a0m) west of the original fire. After this, the tunnel ventilation system was turned to full exhaust and full supply in order to extract smoke and reduce the likelihood of other spontaneous ignitions. New Jersey firefighters succeeded in extinguishing the second fire, and cleared a path for emergency vehicles to the first fire site where they linked up with the New York firefighters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 54], "content_span": [55, 570]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066653-0006-0000", "contents": "1949 Holland Tunnel fire, Timeline, Emergency response\nThe tunnel fire main, a 6-inch (150\u00a0mm) water pipe cast directly into the secondary concrete lining, continued to function throughout the fire. The FDNY supplemented this with water from a 2.5-inch (6.4\u00a0cm) hose. The fire was the first time in the FDNY's history that it had been required to use four rescue squad vehicles at the same fire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 54], "content_span": [55, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066653-0007-0000", "contents": "1949 Holland Tunnel fire, Timeline, Tunnel ventilation\nAt 9:45\u00a0a.m. the tunnel's built-in ventilation system was turned to full extract and full supply in the zone of the fire. The supply of air through the duct under the roadway enabled firefighters to work without masks. Although the smoke in the tube was toxic, first responders were able to breathe by inhaling clean air from the curbside vents at the bottom of the tube.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 54], "content_span": [55, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066653-0007-0001", "contents": "1949 Holland Tunnel fire, Timeline, Tunnel ventilation\nThe extract duct above the roadway captured some of the smoke and when the false ceiling at the site of the fire collapsed, a hole formed between the road tunnel and the extract ventilation duct: this hole dramatically improved the capture of smoke at the main fire site, though it reduced smoke capture at the second fire site to practically nothing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 54], "content_span": [55, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066653-0008-0000", "contents": "1949 Holland Tunnel fire, Timeline, Tunnel ventilation\nTwo of the extract fans in the New Jersey vent shaft failed due to the heat of the fire; the shaft was approximately 300\u00a0feet (100\u00a0m) west of the fire, and was apparently drawing air at 1,000\u00a0\u00b0F (538\u00a0\u00b0C). The third fan was kept in working order by cooling it with a water spray.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 54], "content_span": [55, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066653-0009-0000", "contents": "1949 Holland Tunnel fire, Timeline, Recovery and cleanup\nBy 1:00\u00a0p.m. the fire had been surrounded. The westbound tube, which had not been affected directly by the fire, reopened to two-way traffic at 2:15\u00a0p.m. However, work continued on cleaning up the eastbound tube and extracting the trucks that were trapped there. By 4:45\u00a0p.m., three trucks had been towed out of the New Jersey side. Despite a re-ignition of the fire at 6:50\u00a0p.m. the stop message was issued at 12:52\u00a0a.m. the next morning. The wreckage was cleared up quickly, and the eastbound tunnel reopened to traffic on the evening of Sunday, May\u00a015.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 56], "content_span": [57, 612]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066653-0010-0000", "contents": "1949 Holland Tunnel fire, Aftermath, Injuries and death\nIn total, 66 people were injured, mostly by smoke inhalation. Of these, 27 were hospitalized One firefighter, Battalion Chief Gunther E. Beake, was severely affected by smoke inhalation and died of his injuries on August 23, 1949. Samuel Williams Sr. a laborer from Philadelphia, was also killed. He died the day of the accident.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 55], "content_span": [56, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066653-0011-0000", "contents": "1949 Holland Tunnel fire, Aftermath, Damage\nThe truck carrying carbon disulfide was completely destroyed, as were nine other trucks. 13 trucks were damaged. The infrastructure suffered extensive damage: approximately 650 short tons (590 tonnes) of rubble were removed during the weekend before the tunnel reopened. The tiles on the tunnel walls spalled off for a distance of approximately 200\u00a0feet (60\u00a0m) west of the fire site and 500\u00a0feet (150\u00a0m) east of it. At the site of the fire, the concrete lining of the walls spalled down to the ribs of the cast-iron primary lining.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 43], "content_span": [44, 575]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066653-0011-0001", "contents": "1949 Holland Tunnel fire, Aftermath, Damage\nThe false ceiling above the roadway, which consisted of a 6-inch-thick (150\u00a0mm), in situ, reinforced concrete slab, collapsed completely in several places and collapsed partially over a length of approximately 500\u00a0feet (150\u00a0m). The roadway itself was unharmed, but had a lot of debris on it. Half of the tunnel's long-distance phone cables had been severed during the fire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 43], "content_span": [44, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066653-0012-0000", "contents": "1949 Holland Tunnel fire, Aftermath, Damage\nThe elevated side walkway had to be renewed over a length of 750\u00a0feet (230\u00a0m), and the cable ducts cast into the walkway and walls were replaced over 300\u00a0feet (90\u00a0m). Damaged power cabling, communications cabling and lighting were all renewed over the damaged area. The road surface was renewed over a length of about 500\u00a0feet (150\u00a0m).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 43], "content_span": [44, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066653-0013-0000", "contents": "1949 Holland Tunnel fire, Aftermath, Damage\nThe Port Authority decided that the tunnel could not be closed completely for the duration of the reconstruction. Instead, the south tube was closed at 8\u00a0p.m. each night, after which hundreds of feet of mobile scaffold and other equipment was hauled in. Reconstruction work was carried out overnight until approximately 4:30\u00a0a.m., at which time the construction equipment and scaffold was hauled out before the tunnel re-opened at 6\u00a0a.m. The repairs were completed by mid-August 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 43], "content_span": [44, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066653-0014-0000", "contents": "1949 Holland Tunnel fire, Aftermath, Restrictions\nAt the time, the driver of the truck could only be charged with a misdemeanor, which carried a maximum fine of $50 and a jail sentence of up to five days. Thus, the driver was cleared of any criminal wrongdoing. After the fire, the Port Authority advocated for the enactment of stiffer fines in both the New York and New Jersey legislatures. Both states' legislative chambers introduced bills to that effect, but New York delayed the passage of its bill until May 1950. The aftermath of the fire also prompted an investigation from the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey, as well as scrutiny from insurance companies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 49], "content_span": [50, 692]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066653-0015-0000", "contents": "1949 Holland Tunnel fire, Aftermath, Restrictions\nThe Port Authority wanted the Interstate Commerce Commission to perform spot-checks on interstate trucking companies, but the ICC only had a staff of twenty people to do this job. The Port Authority ultimately decided to randomly search some of the 16,000 trucks that entered the tunnel each day, although in reality, the authority could only search one percent of each day's truck traffic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 49], "content_span": [50, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066653-0016-0000", "contents": "1949 Holland Tunnel fire, Aftermath, Restrictions\nCivic suits were filed against the trucking company as well as the manufacturer of the carbon disulfide. The trucking company whose truck had been involved, Apex Inc., was formally banned from using the tunnel in 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 49], "content_span": [50, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066654-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Holy Cross Crusaders football team\nThe 1949 Holy Cross Crusaders football team was an American football team that represented the College of the Holy Cross as an independent during the 1949 college football season. In its second year under head coach Bill Osmanski, the team compiled a 1\u20139 record. The team played its home games at Fitton Field in Worcester, Massachusetts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066655-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Honduran Amateur League\nThe 1949 Honduran Amateur League was the third edition of the Honduran Amateur League. C.D. Hibueras obtained its 1st national title. The season ran from 10 April to 30 October 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066655-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Honduran Amateur League, National championship round\nPlayed in a single round-robin format in Tegucigalpa between the regional champions. Also known as the Triangular.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 57], "content_span": [58, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066656-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Houston Cougars football team\nThe 1949 Houston Cougars football team was an American football team that represented the University of Houston in the Gulf Coast Conference during the 1949 college football season. In its second season under head coach Clyde Lee, the team compiled a 5\u20134\u20131 record (1\u20132 against conference opponents) and finished in third place in the GCC. Aubrey Baker and Cecil Towns were the team captains. The team played its home games at Public School Stadium in Houston.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066657-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team\nThe 1949 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team represented Humboldt State College during the 1949 college football season. Humboldt State competed in the Far Western Conference (FWC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066657-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team\nThe 1949 Lumberjacks were led by first-year head coach Ted Staffler. They played home games at the Redwood Bowl in Arcata, California. Humboldt State finished with a record of zero wins, eight losses and one tie (0\u20138\u20131, 0\u20133\u20131 FWC). The Lumberjacks were outscored by their opponents 78\u2013257 for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066657-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Humboldt State players were selected in the 1950 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 70], "content_span": [71, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066658-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Hungarian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Hungary on 15 May 1949. The Hungarian Independent People's Front, an umbrella group created that February to replace the National Independence Front and led by the Hungarian Working People's Party (as the Hungarian Communist Party had been renamed following a merger with the Hungarian Social Democratic Party), but also including the remaining four non-communist parties, ran a single list of candidates espousing a common programme. With all organised opposition having been paralysed, the Front won 95.6% of the vote, presaging the result of elections through 1990. 71 (17.7%) elected deputies were female, up from 22 (5.4%) elected in 1947. Some 71% of those elected belonged to the Working People's Party, and a similar proportion were workers or peasants.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 836]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066658-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Hungarian parliamentary election\nThis election marked the onset of 40 years of communist rule in Hungary. Nonetheless, the government formed after the election was still nominally a coalition. The Smallholders received the Ministries of Trade and Religion and Education in addition to the premiership, and the National Peasants Party receiving Agriculture and Construction. After the election, the Front's local committees dissolved themselves, and with them the National Peasant and Independent Smallholder local organs, although no law or ordinance was ever passed abolishing them. At this time, Dobi joined the Communists.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 630]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066658-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Hungarian parliamentary election, Background\nThe Communists had spent the last year and a half tying up loose ends in their bid for total power. They began the final push in October 1947, when they told their non-Communist counterparts to cooperate with a reconfigured, Communist-dominated coalition government or go into exile. By this time, Communist leader M\u00e1ty\u00e1s R\u00e1kosi had become the most powerful man in the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066658-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Hungarian parliamentary election, Background\nCommunist persecution radically changed the composition of the Parliament elected in 1947. The overall number of members fell by 47 in November 1947, after the Hungarian Independence Party was outlawed and deprived of its parliamentary seats. The Smallholders Party lost 35 of its 68 original members, the Democratic Peoples' Party lost 17 of its 60 seats, the Independent Hungarian Democratic Party lost four members out of 18, the National Peasant Party lost seven out of 36, and the Social Democratic Party lost no less than 40 out of its 67 elected members. By the dissolution of Parliament, more than 120 of the remaining 364 MPs were new members, a rate of turnover unmatched in Hungarian political history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 763]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066658-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 Hungarian parliamentary election, Background\nIn June 1948, the Communists forced the Social Democrats to merge with them to form the Working People's Party. However, the few remaining independent-minded Social Democrats were quickly pushed out, leaving the party as essentially a renamed and enlarged Communist Party. Later in June, President Zolt\u00e1n Tildy, a Smallholder, was replaced by Social Democrat-turned-Communist \u00c1rp\u00e1d Szakasits. In December, Prime Minister Lajos Dinny\u00e9s was replaced by fellow Smallholder Istv\u00e1n Dobi, who made no secret of his sympathies with the Communists.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 590]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066658-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 Hungarian parliamentary election, Background\nOn 1 January 1949, Hungary became a charter member of Comecon. On 6 February, Cardinal J\u00f3zsef Mindszenty, the spiritual leader of Hungary's Catholics and a prime opponent of Communism, was sentenced to life imprisonment. The Independent People's Front was formed in February. By the time of its first congress in March, it had become clear that it was to act as a vehicle for destroying rather than bringing together the main parties. Many of the more courageous members of the non-Communist parties had already been forced to resign in the summer of 1948, and the four remaining parties had been taken over by fellow travelers who swiftly turned their parties into loyal partners of the Communists.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 749]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066658-0006-0000", "contents": "1949 Hungarian parliamentary election, Aftermath\nThree months after the election, a new constitution proclaiming Hungary a People's Republic and enshrining the principle of one-party rule was adopted. Schools were nationalised, collectivisation was launched, the bureaucracy was purged, the independent press was destroyed, and the last remnants of free enterprise were eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 48], "content_span": [49, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066658-0006-0001", "contents": "1949 Hungarian parliamentary election, Aftermath\nAlso, L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Rajk, General Secretary of the Independent People's Front and Foreign Minister, who the day after the election was the main speaker at a mass demonstration where he condemned Titoist \"running dogs of imperialism\", praised the \"brilliant strategy\" of the \"great leader of the peace camp\", Stalin, and the \"wise leadership\" of R\u00e1kosi\u2014described as Stalin's best Hungarian pupil\u2014was himself arrested two weeks later and executed in October following a show trial.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 48], "content_span": [49, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066659-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships\nThe 1949 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships were held in Geneva, Switzerland under the auspices of International Canoe Federation. It was the inaugural edition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066659-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships\nEight sets of medals were awarded. There were four individual events and four team events. The team events were just combined times of three selected athletes or crews from the individual events. Only two teams were classified in the men's C1 team, men's C2 team and women's folding K1 team events.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066660-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 ISSF World Shooting Championships\nThe 34th UIT World Shooting Championships was the contemporary name of the ISSF World Shooting Championships held in Buenos Aires, Argentina, in 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066661-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Ice Hockey World Championships\nThe 16th Ice Hockey World Championships and 27th European Hockey Championships was held from February 12 to 20, 1949, in Stockholm, Sweden. The event was the first World Championships during the presidency of Canadian W. G. Hardy. The International Ice Hockey Federation allowed for an unlimited number of entrants, after rejecting a proposal to limit the event to eight teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 413]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066661-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Ice Hockey World Championships\nIn the initial round, the ten teams participating were divided into three groups: two groups of three and one of four. In the second round, the top two teams in each group advanced to the medal round (for positions 1 through 6) with the remaining four teams advancing to the consolation round for places 7 through 10.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066661-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Ice Hockey World Championships\nCzechoslovakia overcame tragedy to win their second world championship and ninth European Championship. In November 1948 six Czechoslovak players (Ladislav Troj\u00e1k, Karel Stibor, Zden\u011bk Jarkovsk\u00fd, Vilibald \u0160\u0165ov\u00edk, Miloslav Pokorn\u00fd and defenseman Zden\u011bk \u0160varc) were lost when their plane went missing crossing the English Channel. Despite the key losses to their roster, they defeated the Sudbury Wolves, Canada's representative, three to two. It was only the third defeat for the Canadians at a World Championship. The Americans were able to top the Czechoslovaks in the final round, which earned them a bronze medal, and kept the host Swedes off the podium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 693]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066662-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Icelandic parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Iceland on 23 and 24 October 1949. The Independence Party remained the largest party in the Lower House of the Althing, winning 13 of the 35 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066662-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Icelandic parliamentary election, Electoral system\nThe elections were conducted under two electoral systems. Twenty-one members were elected in single-member constituencies via first-past-the-post voting, while the remainder were elected using D'Hondt method proportional representation: twelve members in two-member constituencies, eight members in Reykjav\u00edk, and eleven from a single national compensatory list. To earn national list seats, a party had to win at least one constituency seat. In constituencies electing two or more members, within the party list, voters had the option to re-rank the candidates and could also strike a candidate out. Allocation of seats to candidates was done using a system based on the Borda count.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 55], "content_span": [56, 740]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066663-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Icelandic presidential election\nPresidential elections were scheduled to be held in Iceland in 1949. However, incumbent President Sveinn Bj\u00f6rnsson was the only candidate, and the election was uncontested.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066664-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Idaho Vandals football team\nThe 1949 Idaho Vandals football team represented the University of Idaho in the 1949 college football season. The Vandals were led by third-year head coach Dixie Howell and were members of the Pacific Coast Conference. Home games were played on campus at Neale Stadium in Moscow, with one game in Boise, a final time at Public School Field.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066664-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Idaho Vandals football team\nIdaho was 3\u20135 overall and won one of their five PCC games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 91]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066664-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Idaho Vandals football team\nThe Vandals' losing streak in the Battle of the Palouse with neighbor Washington State reached 21 games, with a 13\u201335 homecoming loss in Moscow. Idaho tied the Cougars the next year, but the winless streak continued until five years later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066664-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Idaho Vandals football team\nIn the rivalry game with Montana in Missoula the following week, Idaho won 47\u201319 to retain the Little Brown Stein in the Grizzlies' last year in the PCC. Montana returned the favor in Moscow the next year with a one-point upset, then the Vandals won eight straight, through 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066664-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 Idaho Vandals football team\nBabe Curfman was hired as the ends coach in February 1949; he became head coach in April 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066664-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 Idaho Vandals football team, All-conference\nTackle Carl Kiilsgaard was named to the All-Coast team; honorable mention were tackle Will Overgaard, guard Roy Colquitt, quarterback John Brogan, and halfback Jerry Diehl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066664-0006-0000", "contents": "1949 Idaho Vandals football team, NFL Draft\nTwo seniors from the 1949 Vandals were selected in the 1950 NFL Draft:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066665-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Illinois Fighting Illini football team\nThe 1949 Illinois Fighting Illini football team was an American football team that represented the University of Illinois during the 1949 Big Nine Conference football season. In their eighth year under head coach Ray Eliot, the Illini compiled a 3\u20134\u20132 record and finished in fifth place in the Big Ten Conference. Halfback Johnny Karras was selected as the team's most valuable player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066666-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Indiana Hoosiers football team\nThe 1949 Indiana Hoosiers football team represented the Indiana Hoosiers in the 1949 Big Nine Conference football season. They participated as members of the Big Ten Conference. The Hoosiers played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Bloomington, Indiana. The team was coached by Clyde B. Smith, in his second year as head coach of the Hoosiers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066667-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Indianapolis 500\nThe 33rd International 500-Mile Sweepstakes was an automobile race held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway on Monday, May 30, 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066667-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Indianapolis 500\nAfter two years of failures to his teammate, Bill Holland finally won one for himself, giving car owner Lou Moore his third consecutive Indy victory. Mauri Rose was fired by the team after the race when he again ignored orders and tried to pass Holland, only to see his car fail with 8 laps to go.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066667-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Indianapolis 500\nSpider Webb suffered a broken transmission the morning of the race and failed to start. Rather than utilize an alternate starter, officials awarded Webb 33rd finishing position.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066667-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio\nThe race was carried live on the Mutual Broadcasting System, the precursor to the IMS Radio Network. The broadcast was sponsored by Perfect Circle Piston Rings and Bill Slater served as the anchor. The broadcast featured live coverage of the start, the finish, and live updates throughout the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 42], "content_span": [43, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066667-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Television\nThe race was carried live for the first time in history on local television on WFBM-TV channel 6 of Indianapolis. The station signed on for the first time race morning May 30, 1949, with a documentary about the race entitled The Crucible of Speed, then covered the race itself. The race broadcast utilized three cameras located along the main stretch. Earl Townsend, Jr. who had worked previously as a radio reporter, was the first television announcer. Dick Pittenger and Paul Roberts joined Townsend along with engineer Robert Robbins. The telecast reached approximately 3,000 local households.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 47], "content_span": [48, 644]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066668-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Individual Speedway Polish Championship\nThe 1949 Individual Speedway Polish Championship was held in Leszno on 23 October 1949. It was the fifth running of the Individual Speedway Polish Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066668-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Individual Speedway Polish Championship, Start list\nE\u00a0\u2013 retired or mechanical failure \u2022F\u00a0\u2013 fell \u2022N\u00a0\u2013 non-starter", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 56], "content_span": [57, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066669-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Individual Speedway World Championship\nThe 1949 Individual Speedway World Championship was the fourth edition of the official World Championship to determine the world champion rider.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066669-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Individual Speedway World Championship\nIt was the first running of the event since its suspension in 1939, due to World War II. The World final at London's Wembley Stadium, was held in front of a reported 93,000 strong crowd and the Championship was won Tommy Price.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066670-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 International Cross Country Championships\nThe 1949 International Cross Country Championships was held in Dublin, Ireland, at the Baldoyle Racecourse on March 26, 1949. A report on the event was given in the Glasgow Herald.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066670-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 International Cross Country Championships\nComplete results, medallists,  and the results of British athletes were published.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066670-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 International Cross Country Championships, Participation\nAn unofficial count yields the participation of 62 athletes from 7 countries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 61], "content_span": [62, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066671-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Internationale Tulpenrallye\nThe 1949 Internationale Tulpenrallye was the 1st Internationale Tulpenrallye. It was won by Ken Wharton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066672-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Iowa Hawkeyes football team\nThe 1949 Iowa Hawkeyes football team represented the University of Iowa in the 1949 Big Nine Conference football season. This was Eddie Anderson's eighth and final season as head coach for the Hawkeyes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066673-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Iowa State Cyclones football team\nThe 1949 Iowa State Cyclones football team represented Iowa State College of Agricultural and Mechanic Arts (later renamed Iowa State University) in the Big Seven Conference during the 1949 college football season. In their third year under head coach Abe Stuber, the Cyclones compiled a 5\u20133\u20131 record (3\u20133 against conference opponents), tied for third place in the conference, and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 169 to 134. They played their home games at Clyde Williams Field in Ames, Iowa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 548]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066673-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Iowa State Cyclones football team\nThe team's regular starting lineup consisted of left end Dean Laun, left tackle Lowell Titus, left guard Joe Brubaker, center Rod Rust, right guard Billy Myers, right tackle John Tillo, right end Jim Doran, quarterback Don Ferguson, left halfback Lawrence Paulson, right halfback Bob Angle, and fullback Bill Chauncey. Dean Laun was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066673-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Iowa State Cyclones football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Bill Chauncey with 544 rushing yards and 30 points scored (five touchdowns), Bill Weeks with 1,247 passing yards, Jim Doran with 688 receiving yards, and Bob Angle with 18 points (three touchdowns). Three Iowa State players were selected as first-team all-conference players: Doran, Weeks, and Lowell Titus.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066674-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Iowa State Teachers Panthers football team\nThe 1949 Iowa State Teachers Panthers football team represented Iowa State Teachers College in the North Central Conference during the 1949 college football season. In its 12th season under head coach Clyde Starbeck, the team compiled a 5\u20132 record (5\u20131 against NCC opponents) and tied for the conference championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066674-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Iowa State Teachers Panthers football team\nSeven players were named to the all-conference team: halfbacks Chuck Cacek and Paul DeVan; tackles Stanley Brown, Robert Orgren, and Lee Wachenheim; center Don Abney; and guard Bob Miller.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066675-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Ipswich state by-election\nThe Ipswich state by-election, 1949 was a by-election held on 10 September 1949 for the Queensland Legislative Assembly seat of Ipswich, based in the centre of Ipswich to the south-west of Brisbane. At the time of the election, the seat included the suburbs of Ipswich, Booval, Bundamba, Newtown, Silkstone, West Ipswich, Woodend and part of East Ipswich.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066675-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Ipswich state by-election\nThe by-election was triggered by the death of Labor member and Attorney-General of Queensland David Gledson on 14 May 1949. Gledson had held the seat since the 1915 election, with one brief interruption during the Great Depression. It was expected to be retained by the party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066675-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Ipswich state by-election, Candidates\nThe by-election attracted three candidates. The Labor Party nominated Ivor Marsden, the Liberal Party nominated Graham Stephenson, while the Communist Party nominated Edmund Crisp. It was the first electoral contest held since the Queensland People's Party became the Liberal Party's Queensland branch, along with the Kurilpa state by-election held on the same day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066675-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Ipswich state by-election, Aftermath\nIvor Marsden held the seat and its successor, Ipswich West, until his retirement from politics at the 1966 election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066676-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Iranian Constituent Assembly election\nIn 1949 a Constituent Assembly was held in Iran to modify the Persian Constitution of 1906. Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi convened the assembly in April; he sought a royal prerogative giving him the right to dismiss the parliament, providing that new elections were held to form a new parliament. He also specified a method for future amendments to the Constitution. The amendments were made in May 1949 by unanimous vote of the Constituent Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066676-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Iranian Constituent Assembly election\nDuring the previous year, the Shah had been considering changes to the Constitution as part of his various plans to increase the power of the monarchy. He was advised against this action by British and American diplomats who thought it unwise to unbalance the separation of powers. On 4 February 1949, an assassin shot at the Shah, two bullets wounding him. That evening, the government declared martial law and a special session of parliament imposed harsh measures against the Shah's political enemies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066676-0001-0001", "contents": "1949 Iranian Constituent Assembly election\nThe assassin was suspected of being connected to the religious fundamentalist group Fada'iyan-e Islam (Martyrs for Islam, or Devotees of Islam), and loosely associated with the communist-leaning Tudeh Party of Iran. The parliament outlawed the Tudeh Party and had its leaders arrested. The Shah sent pragmatic Ayatollah Abol-Ghasem Kashani to exile\u2014he had formed a strategic alliance with the Fada'iyan. In an atmosphere of national sympathy for the monarchy, the Shah called for a constituent assembly to make amendments to the Constitution, to give him more power. He selected the constituent assembly members from his supporters. He also increased his pressure for the formation of the Senate of Iran, an upper house of parliament that had been written into the constitution in 1906 but never formed. The Senate was expected to favor the Shah.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 889]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066676-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Iranian Constituent Assembly election, Background\nIn 1906 during the drafting of the first Persian Constitution, a bicameral parliament was agreed upon in order to obtain royal approval from Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar. The shah was to appoint half of the 60 members of the upper house, the Senate. The other half of the Senate was to be elected by a two-stage process. The shah expected to be able to control legislation by influencing the Senate. Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar signed the Constitution at the end of December 1906 but died unexpectedly of a heart attack a few days later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 54], "content_span": [55, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066676-0002-0001", "contents": "1949 Iranian Constituent Assembly election, Background\nRadical politicians and other constitutional delegates did not want a Senate, and after the shah died no action was taken to form one. In mid-1907, the Anjumans of the Mujahidin, a group of workers, artisans and peasants, called for much wider voting rights for men, and they expressed a wish that the Senate never be formed because it would make the nobility more powerful.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 54], "content_span": [55, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066676-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Iranian Constituent Assembly election, Background\nThe Constitution allowed for a board of ulama (Islamic scholars) who would oversee decisions made by the parliament. The ulama were to be given veto power over legislation. Ayatollah Mirza Sayyed Mohammad Tabatabai was one of those who influenced the composition and adoption of the 1906 Constitution, but he never insisted upon the formation of the board of ulama. Rather, the wishes of the ulama were usually voiced by several members of the Majlis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 54], "content_span": [55, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066676-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 Iranian Constituent Assembly election, Background\nEver since assuming the throne in 1941, the young Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi had been working to increase his power. He wanted more weapons and men for the military, which he controlled, and he wanted financial aid from the US. In September 1948, he sent National Bank director Abolhassan Ebtehaj to the US to ask the government of Harry S. Truman for military aid or financial support, and to present the idea that the Shah would activate the Senate. Ebtehaj disclosed the Shah's wish to change the Constitution so that he could dismiss an uncooperative parliament and authorize new elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 54], "content_span": [55, 649]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066676-0004-0001", "contents": "1949 Iranian Constituent Assembly election, Background\nThe US State Department signaled Ambassador John Cooper Wiley to meet with the Shah to relay Truman's view that the US saw no need for \"constitutional reform\" since the Shah directed Iran's outward-looking affairs of defense and foreign policy; the US represented that the Shah was not supposed to be in charge of internal politics. This message was affirmed by British Ambassador John Le Rougetel who, seeking stability in Iran's oil industry and continued influence in Iran's parliament, said the UK also advised caution with regard to changes in Iran's constitution.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 54], "content_span": [55, 624]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066676-0004-0002", "contents": "1949 Iranian Constituent Assembly election, Background\nThe US State Department prepared a report in January 1949 describing the goal of US diplomacy in Iran as the prevention of any widening of Soviet influence. To that end, the Shah was seen as the most reliable bulwark against Communist aggression in Iran. He was invited to come visit Truman to discuss mutual concerns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 54], "content_span": [55, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066676-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 Iranian Constituent Assembly election, 1949, Assassination attempt\nOn 4 February 1949, the Shah visited the Faculty of Law and Political Science at the University of Tehran, a symbol of secular success against the former monopoly of Islamic scholars who had previously controlled all aspects of the judicial branch of government. The Shah's visit was a celebration of the law school's anniversary. As the Shah walked from his limousine to the school steps a little after 1\u00a0pm, Nasser Fakhrarai approached him from the press area and fired a revolver. The first shot missed but the Shah's guards dropped and took cover, failing to protect him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 71], "content_span": [72, 647]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066676-0005-0001", "contents": "1949 Iranian Constituent Assembly election, 1949, Assassination attempt\nDespite the lack of interference, the second and third shots also missed. The fourth bullet pierced the Shah's lip and cheek, knocking out some front teeth. The fifth bullet wounded his shoulder. When the gun jammed on the sixth round, Fakhrarai ran to escape. He was stopped by soldiers who quickly killed him with rifle butts and point-blank shots. At 7\u00a0pm from the hospital, the Shah spoke by radio to the country, thanking them for their support. A photo of him dressed in a hospital gown with his cheek in a bandage was published the next day in the newspapers, showing his stoicism. President Truman sent the Shah a note wishing a quick return to good health.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 71], "content_span": [72, 737]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066676-0006-0000", "contents": "1949 Iranian Constituent Assembly election, 1949, Assassination attempt\nThe assassin Fakhrarai was found with a journalist's press card showing that he worked for Parcham-e Islam (The Banner of Islam, or Flag of Islam), a religious newspaper opposed to secularism, and that he paid dues to the journalist's labor union loosely associated with the Tudeh Party. He had been posing as a photographer, hiding the gun in the camera case. Anxious to blame the Communists, the Shah seized the opportunity to declare a conspiracy of religious and Communist radicals, and he decreed martial law. He ordered an emergency session of the Majlis the same night he was shot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 71], "content_span": [72, 660]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066676-0006-0001", "contents": "1949 Iranian Constituent Assembly election, 1949, Assassination attempt\nThrough this session he suppressed his political opposition, including what would prove an ineffective ban on the Tudeh Party. The Shah ordered the closure of newspapers critical of his policies, and for treasonous activities he arrested 28 Tudeh leaders including the most prominent members of the Central Council of United Trade Unions (CCUTU). Mosaddegh was briefly confined to house arrest, and because the Fada'iyan were suspected, Kashani was exiled to Lebanon. Later it was determined that Fakhrarai had been planning the assassination alone for three years and had twice attempted it, failing to get close enough each time. The revolver had been given to him by Abdullah Arghani, a childhood friend who was a more radical member of the Tudeh Party, and was sympathetic to Fakhrarai's assassination plan. The press card had been forged.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 71], "content_span": [72, 915]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066676-0007-0000", "contents": "1949 Iranian Constituent Assembly election, 1949, Constitutional changes\nFollowing the assassination attempt, there was an atmosphere of sympathy expressed by the people of Iran for the Shah. The Shah used this to his advantage to promote his goal of increasing the power of the monarchy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 72], "content_span": [73, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066676-0008-0000", "contents": "1949 Iranian Constituent Assembly election, 1949, Constitutional changes\nOn 17 February 1949, the Majlis passed the Shah's Seven Year Plan, an economic program that had its roots in an economic council of 1946 and a Supreme Planning Board formed in November 1947. The Seven Year Plan was intended to be an autonomous body, independent of political forces, but the Shah saw it as a vehicle for land reform measures that would reinforce his power. With 25% of its monies earmarked for helping to fight poverty in agrarian Iran, the Shah felt that the Seven Year Plan would make the disaffected rural poor more resistant to Soviet influence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 72], "content_span": [73, 638]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066676-0008-0001", "contents": "1949 Iranian Constituent Assembly election, 1949, Constitutional changes\nOthers thought that so much emphasis on agriculture would prevent Iran from growing out of its traditional role as a resource \"appendage\" supplying more powerful countries. Before February 1949, the plan had proven unpopular with the Majlis who saw it as a diminution of their political influence. Despite the Majlis vote of approval, the plan was never to be implemented as intended. By May 1949, some 40% had already been dedicated to industrial bailouts as opposed to the 14.3% originally planned. Another 40% was put toward the completion of rail lines; the Shah's plans were not realized.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 72], "content_span": [73, 666]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066676-0009-0000", "contents": "1949 Iranian Constituent Assembly election, 1949, Constitutional changes\nAs part of his effort to suppress religious radicals, the Shah asked Ayatollah Seyyed Hossein Borujerdi to rein in the more strident voices among the ulama. Borujerdi, Iran's senior Islamic scholar, believed in political quietism\u2014that the ulama should not intervene in politics. Borujerdi had already established a pragmatic realpolitik arrangement with the Shah: the secular political domain would peacefully coexist with the religious domain for the advancement of both. He called a religious conference to meet in the holy city of Qom beginning 20 February 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 72], "content_span": [73, 638]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066676-0009-0001", "contents": "1949 Iranian Constituent Assembly election, 1949, Constitutional changes\nBorujerdi directed the 2,000 conference attendees to discuss whether the ulama should take part in political activity; after due consideration, the consensus was for continued quietism. (The future Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini was among those who argued unsuccessfully for political activism.) The ulama determined the punishment for violations of quietism would be excommunication. Even so, some of the more radical ulama stayed active, including the Fada'iyan, and Kashani, exerting his influence from exile.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 72], "content_span": [73, 582]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066676-0010-0000", "contents": "1949 Iranian Constituent Assembly election, 1949, Constitutional changes\nOn 27 February 1949, the Majlis voted in support of the Shah's bill calling for a Constituent Assembly to re-examine the Constitution of 1906. In March, the Shah announced the convocation of this body and he raised the question of whether the Senate should be convened for the first time, as allowed for in 1906. To fill the Constituent Assembly, the Shah chose men who were friendly to his wishes. Seyyed Mohammad Sadiq Tabatabai, a veteran ally of the Pahlavi dynasty, was made leader. While the men were preparing to meet, the Shah pushed through laws against newspaper criticism of the royal family, and laws which changed crown land holdings from general ownership to ownership under his name alone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 72], "content_span": [73, 777]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066676-0011-0000", "contents": "1949 Iranian Constituent Assembly election, 1949, Constitutional changes\nFormer Prime Minister Ahmad Qavam, writing from exile in Paris, published an open letter to the Shah which was very critical of any change to the Constitution. Qavam compared the Shah negatively to the hated Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar, Iran's short-lived ruler who fought to reverse the democratic advances allowed by his father in 1906. Qavam said the current shah would create a political backlash if he tried to take more power\u2014a prediction that later proved correct.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 72], "content_span": [73, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066676-0011-0001", "contents": "1949 Iranian Constituent Assembly election, 1949, Constitutional changes\nRather than respond personally, the Shah directed former prime minister Ebrahim Hakimi to publish a severe chastisement of Qavam, accusing him of treasonous collusion with the Soviets during the Iran crisis of 1946. The Shah forbid newspapers in Tehran to print Qavam's first letter and a response; only Hakimi's letter was printed. The Shah also took away the honorific title of hazrat-e ashraf (his noblest excellency) that he had conferred upon Qavam for the same diplomatic achievements that were now being called treason.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 72], "content_span": [73, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066676-0012-0000", "contents": "1949 Iranian Constituent Assembly election, 1949, Constitutional changes\nMosaddegh worked to secure the release of some of those who had been arrested, succeeding to free labor leader Taghi Fadakar. He was not successful with others of the labor activists who had been arrested or denounced for treason. Nineteen of these were sentenced by the Tehran Military Court to various prison terms on 23 April, and eight top leaders were sentenced to death on 18 May in absentia, including Communist labor organizer Reza Rousta. Seven of the condemned men were from the CCUTU.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 72], "content_span": [73, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066676-0013-0000", "contents": "1949 Iranian Constituent Assembly election, 1949, Constitutional changes\nThe Constituent Assembly met for three weeks beginning 21 April 1949. On 8 May 1949, they signed the major change to the Constitution: Article 48 was amended to give the Shah the right to dissolve parliament, both the Majlis lower house and the Senate upper house, following which he was required to arrange new elections such that a new parliament would be formed within three months of dismissing the old one. A minor change was made to the Constitution regarding the process by which future amendments were to be implemented. At the same time, the Majlis passed the Shah's bill to hold elections enabling the Senate to be formed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 72], "content_span": [73, 705]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066676-0014-0000", "contents": "1949 Iranian Constituent Assembly election, Legacy\nThe Constitution as amended in 1949 remained unchanged until 1957 when the number of Majlis seats was increased by two, and the Shah was given the right to send financial legislation back to the Majlis for reconsideration. The 1963 Iranian constitutional referendum, was seen as an approval of the Shah's White Revolution program including women's right to vote and compulsory education of children. From 1950 through 1953, Mosaddegh sought to abolish the Senate; it was finally dissolved in early 1979 during the Iranian Revolution. A revolutionary Assembly of Experts met in June 1979 to establish an entirely new Constitution for the Islamic Republic of Iran, approved in the December 1979 Iranian constitutional referendum.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 50], "content_span": [51, 778]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066677-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Iranian Senate election\nThe first elections for the Senate of Iran were held in two-round system with the primary stage beginning in late August 1949 [\u0160ahr\u012bvar 1328 SH]. The elections aroused little enthusiasm in the country; voting was restricted to the literate citizens. In Tehran, only 15,280 votes were cast.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066678-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Irish Greyhound Derby\nThe 1949 Irish Greyhound Derby took place during July and August with the final being held at Harold's Cross Stadium in Dublin on 12 August 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066678-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Irish Greyhound Derby\nThe winner Spanish Lad won \u00a31,000 and was trained by Tim 'Chubb' O'Connor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066678-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report\nTim 'Chubb' O\u2019Connor bred a successful litter from a mating with his brood bitch Cordal Moonlight. He mated her to Shaggy Lad and the subsequent litter of Spanish Lad, Spanish Emperor, Spanish Treasure and Ardraw Moonlight all performed well in coursing competitions  which prompted O'Connor to mate her again. This time it was to Rebel Abbey and resulted in a greyhound named Spanish Chestnut. The older pair of Spanish Lad and Spanish Emperor were aimed at the Irish Derby and expected to do well.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 46], "content_span": [47, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066678-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report\nSpanish Lad broke the track record in round one, heat eight, with a time of 29.75; however Spanish Emperor could only finish second in heat seven lengths behind Labrais Bella. Spanish Lad won his quarter-final from Labrais Bell and Spanish Emperor also made it through.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 46], "content_span": [47, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066678-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report\nIn the semi-finals a greyhound called Friends Everywhere set a surprise track record of 29.74sec. Merry Courier and Spanish Emperor made the final but Labrais Bella did not. The second semi was also a surprise when Rushton News defeated odds on favourite Spanish Lad.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 46], "content_span": [47, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066678-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report\nThe final trap draw looked bad for Spanish Lad because he started from trap four but he overcame this when making a very fast break from the traps and was an easy winner. His brother Spanish Chestnut won the Irish Laurels in early September, aged just 18 months, beating Derby champion and older half-brother Spanish Lad into second place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 46], "content_span": [47, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066679-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Isle of Man TT\nThe 1949 Isle of Man Tourist Trophy was the first round of the Grand Prix World Championship that was held in the Isle of Man.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066679-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Isle of Man TT\nAt the FICM (later known as FIM) meeting in London near the end of 1948, it was decided there would be a motorcycle World Championship along Grand Prix lines. It would be a six-race annual series with points being awarded for a placing and a point for the fastest lap of each race. There would be five classes: 500\u00a0cc, 350\u00a0cc, 250\u00a0cc, 125\u00a0cc and 600\u00a0cc sidecar. The historic Isle of Man TT would be one of those races, and this toughest and most dangerous of Grand Prix motorcycle races would be a mainstay on the GP calendar until 1976.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066679-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Isle of Man TT\nHarold Daniell, on a Norton, won the 500\u00a0cc Senior TT event at an average speed of 86.93\u00a0mph. Les Graham, on an AJS Porcupine 500\u00a0cc twin, led the Senior race until the last lap when his magneto drive sheared. He pushed the bike past the finish line in tenth place. As he had finished the race he gained one championship point for recording the fastest lap.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066679-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Isle of Man TT\nFour clubman races were included; the Clubmans Senior, Clubmans Junior, Clubmans Lightweight, and the new Clubmans 1,000\u00a0cc.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066679-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 Isle of Man TT\nBritish 350 cc rider Ben Drinkwater was killed in the Junior TT race at the 11th Milestone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066679-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 Isle of Man TT, Race Results, Junior TT (350cc)\nFastest Lap and New Lap Record: Freddie Frith Velocette \u2013 84.23\u00a0mph; 26 minutes 52.71 seconds (1 championship point for fastest lap).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 52], "content_span": [53, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066679-0006-0000", "contents": "1949 Isle of Man TT, Race Results, Lightweight TT (250cc)\nFastest Lap and New Lap Record: Dickie Dale \u2013 Moto Guzzi \u2013 80.43\u00a0mph; 28 minutes 8.9 seconds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 57], "content_span": [58, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066679-0007-0000", "contents": "1949 Isle of Man TT, Race Results, 1949 Isle of Man Senior TT (500cc)\nFastest Lap and New Lap Record: Bob Foster Moto Guzzi \u2013 89.75\u00a0mph (25 minutes 14 seconds) on lap 2. Retired lap 5 at Sulby with failed clutch.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 69], "content_span": [70, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066680-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Israeli Constituent Assembly election\nConstituent Assembly elections were held in newly independent Israel on 25 January 1949. Voter turnout was 86.9%. Two days after its first meeting on 14 February 1949, legislators voted to change the name of the body to the Knesset (Hebrew: \u05db\u05e0\u05e1\u05ea, translated as Assembly). It is known today as the First Knesset.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066680-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Israeli Constituent Assembly election, Background\nDuring the establishment of the state of Israel in May 1948, Israel's national institutions were established, which ruled the new state. These bodies were not elected bodies in the pure sense, and their members originated from the management of the Jewish agency and from the management of the Jewish National Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 54], "content_span": [55, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066680-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Israeli Constituent Assembly election, Background\nWe declare that, with effect from the moment of the termination of the Mandate being tonight, the eve of Sabbath, the 6th Iyar, 5708 (15th May, 1948), until the establishment of the elected, regular authorities of the State in accordance with the Constitution which shall be adopted by the Elected Constituent Assembly not later than the 1st October 1948, the People's Council shall act as a Provisional Council of State, and its executive organ, the People's Administration, shall be the Provisional Government of the Jewish State, to be called \"Israel\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 54], "content_span": [55, 610]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066680-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Israeli Constituent Assembly election, Background\nHowever, the elections were not held before the designated date due to the ongoing war and were cancelled twice. The elections were eventually held on 25 January 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 54], "content_span": [55, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066680-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 Israeli Constituent Assembly election, Preparations for the elections\nThese were the first elections held in Israel, and as such they demanded special preparations. On 5 November 1948 the Provisional State Council decided that the Constituent Assembly would consist of 120 members. On 8 November 1948 a population census was held which was later used in part for the preparations of the voters guide (the census was essential due to the rise of new immigrants and because of the Arab inhabitants of the British Mandate became refugees after the war).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 74], "content_span": [75, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066680-0004-0001", "contents": "1949 Israeli Constituent Assembly election, Preparations for the elections\nFor the purpose of the census the entire country was under curfew for seven hours, from five in the afternoon and until midnight. Another issue was the issue of the Electoral System. Suggestions were made of different Electoral Systems, but eventually it was decided to maintain the relative electoral system which existed in the elections for the Assembly of Representatives of the Jewish community in British controlled Palestine, and that the Constituent Assembly elected would be the one to determine the future electoral system in Israel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 74], "content_span": [75, 618]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066680-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 Israeli Constituent Assembly election, Preparations for the elections\nA thousand polling stations were prepared across the country. According to census, the number of eligible voters consisted of half a million people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 74], "content_span": [75, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066680-0006-0000", "contents": "1949 Israeli Constituent Assembly election, Preparations for the elections, Contesting parties\nA total of 21 parties registered to contest the elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 94], "content_span": [95, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066680-0007-0000", "contents": "1949 Israeli Constituent Assembly election, Aftermath\nOn 19 May 1948, the Provisional Assembly confirmed Hebrew and Arabic as the official languages of Israel, removing English as an official language. The Constituent Assembly convened in February 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 53], "content_span": [54, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066680-0008-0000", "contents": "1949 Israeli Constituent Assembly election, Aftermath\nDuring the Knesset term Eliezer Preminger left Maki and re-established the Hebrew Communists before joining Mapam, while Ari Jabotinsky and Hillel Kook, both associated with the Bergson Group in the United States, broke away from Herut; they were not recognised as a separate party by the speaker.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 53], "content_span": [54, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066680-0009-0000", "contents": "1949 Israeli Constituent Assembly election, Aftermath, First government\nThe first government was formed on 8 March 1949 with David Ben-Gurion as Prime Minister. His Mapai party formed a coalition with the United Religious Front, the Progressive Party, the Sephardim and Oriental Communities and the Democratic List of Nazareth, and there were 12 ministers. Yosef Sprinzak of Mapai was appointed as the speaker.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 71], "content_span": [72, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066680-0010-0000", "contents": "1949 Israeli Constituent Assembly election, Aftermath, First government\nOn 16 February 1949, the First Knesset elected Chaim Weizmann as the first (largely ceremonial) President of Israel. It also passed an educational law in 1949 which introduced compulsory schooling for all children between the ages of 5 to 14. On 5 July 1950, it passed the Law of Return.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 71], "content_span": [72, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066680-0011-0000", "contents": "1949 Israeli Constituent Assembly election, Aftermath, First government\nThe trend of political instability in Israel was started when Ben-Gurion resigned on 15 October 1950 over disagreements with the United Religious Front on education in the new immigrant camps and the religious education system, as well as demands that the Supply and Rationing Ministry be closed and a businessman appointed as Minister for Trade and Industry.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 71], "content_span": [72, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066680-0012-0000", "contents": "1949 Israeli Constituent Assembly election, Aftermath, Second government\nBen-Gurion formed a second government on 1 November 1950 with the same coalition partners as previously, though there was a slight reshuffle in his cabinet; David Remez moved from the Transportation ministry to Education, replacing Zalman Shazar (who was left out of the new cabinet), whilst Dov Yosef replaced Remez as Minister of Transportation. Ya'akov Geri was appointed Minister of Trade and Industry despite not being a Member of the Knesset. There was also a new Deputy Minister in the Transportation ministry.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 72], "content_span": [73, 590]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066680-0013-0000", "contents": "1949 Israeli Constituent Assembly election, Aftermath, Second government\nThe door was opened for the elections for the second knesset when the government resigned on 14 February 1951 after the Knesset had rejected the Minister of Education and Culture's proposals on the registration of schoolchildren.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 72], "content_span": [73, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066681-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Israeli presidential election\nAn election to choose the first President of Israel was held in the Knesset on 16 February 1949. The new president would replace the president of the Provisional State Council as head of state of Israel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066681-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Israeli presidential election, Results\nThe election was settled in the first round, with Weizmann gaining an absolute majority. 114 of the 120 members of the first Knesset voted. Weizmann was declared president on 17 February 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 43], "content_span": [44, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066682-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Italian Grand Prix\nThe 1949 Italian Grand Prix was a Grand Prix motor race held at Monza on 11 September 1949. The race was won by Alberto Ascari.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066683-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Italian regional elections\nThe Italian regional elections of 1949 refer to the regional election were held in Aosta Valley and Sardinia on 24 April and 8 May. This was the first regional election for both region and the second regional election in Italy after the 1947 in Sicily.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066684-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Jamaican general election\nGeneral elections were held in Jamaica on 20 December 1949. Although the People's National Party received more votes, the Jamaica Labour Party won a majority of seats. Voter turnout was 65.2%. As of September\u00a02020, this election was the last time a politician unaffiliated with a political party was elected to the legislature.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066685-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Japanese general election\nGeneral elections were held in Japan on 23 January 1949. The result was a victory for the Democratic Liberal Party, which won 269 of the 466 seats. Voter turnout was 74.0%. It was the first election held following the enactment of the current Constitution of Japan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066685-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Japanese general election\nFuture prime ministers Hayato Ikeda and Eisaku Sat\u014d and future Foreign Minister and Chief Cabinet Secretary Katsuo Okazaki were first elected in this election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066685-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Japanese general election\nThe second cabinet of Prime Minister Shigeru Yoshida was formed following the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066687-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 KK Crvena zvezda season\nThe 1949 season is the Crvena zvezda 4th season in the existence of the club. The team played in the Yugoslav Basketball League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066688-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Kansas Jayhawks football team\nThe 1949 Kansas Jayhawks football team represented the University of Kansas in the Big Seven Conference during the 1949 college football season. In their second season under head coach Jules V. Sikes, the Jayhawks compiled a 5\u20135 record (2\u20134 against conference opponents), finished fifth in the Big Seven Conference, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 259 to 183. They played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lawrence, Kansas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066688-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Kansas Jayhawks football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Bud French with 510 rushing yards and 66 points scored, and Dick Gilman with 885 passing yards. Forrest Griffith and Dick Tomlinson were the team captains.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066689-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Kansas State Wildcats football team\nThe 1949 Kansas State Wildcats football team represented Kansas State University in the 1949 college football season. The team's head football coach was Ralph Graham in his second year. The Wildcats played their home games in Memorial Stadium. The Wildcats finished the season with a 2\u20138 record with a 1\u20135 record in conference play. They finished in last place in the Big Seven Conference. The Wildcats scored 191 points and gave up 257 points. The win against Colorado on 10/1/1949 snapped a 22-game conference losing streak.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 567]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066689-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Kansas State Wildcats football team\nHarold Robinson played football for Kansas State with an athletic scholarship in 1949, breaking the decades-long \"color barrier\" in Big Seven conference athletics, and also becoming the first ever African-American athlete on scholarship in the conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066690-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Karl\u0131ova earthquake\nThe 1949 Karl\u0131ova earthquake occurred at 18:44 UTC on 17 August with an epicenter near Karl\u0131ova in Bing\u00f6l Province, Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. It had an estimated magnitude of 6.7, a maximum felt intensity of X (Extreme) on the Mercalli intensity scale, and caused 320\u2013450 casualties and destroyed 3,500 buildings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066690-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Karl\u0131ova earthquake, Tectonic setting\nThe Karl\u0131ova region is the location of the triple junction between the boundaries of the Eurasian Plate, Anatolian Plate and the Arabian Plate, the North Anatolian Fault, East Anatolian Fault and the Mus fold and thrust belt, which passes to the east into the Zagros fold and thrust belt. The earthquake occurred at the eastern end of the North Anatolian Fault.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 42], "content_span": [43, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066690-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Karl\u0131ova earthquake, Characteristics\nThe seismic moment estimated for this earthquake is 3.5E+26, equivalent to a magnitude of 7.1 on the moment magnitude scale. The estimated fault length involved is 63\u00a0km.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 41], "content_span": [42, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066690-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Karl\u0131ova earthquake, Characteristics\nThe earthquake ruptured the easternmost part of the Yedisu segment (FS3, also known as the Elamal\u0131 segment) and most of the Il\u0131p\u0131nar segment (FS2 & FS1), although it remains unclear whether the rupture continued as far as Karl\u0131ova itself.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 41], "content_span": [42, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066691-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Kategoria e Dyt\u00eb\nThe 1949 Kategoria e Dyt\u00eb is the sixth season of the second tier of football in Albania. The season took over from the annulled 1948\u201349 campaign which was ended on 31 March 1949, and the 1949 campaign began on 22 May and finished in October.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066691-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Kategoria e Dyt\u00eb, First round, Group 1\nPeshkopia won the group and advanced to the next round", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 43], "content_span": [44, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066691-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Kategoria e Dyt\u00eb, First round, Group 2\nKuk\u00ebsi won the group and advanced to the next round", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 43], "content_span": [44, 95]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066691-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Kategoria e Dyt\u00eb, First round, Group 4\nNo clubs from Group 4 advanced to the next round", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 43], "content_span": [44, 92]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066691-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 Kategoria e Dyt\u00eb, First round, Group 5\nNBSh Ylli Kuq Kam\u00ebz won the group and advanced to the next round", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 43], "content_span": [44, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066691-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 Kategoria e Dyt\u00eb, First round, Group 6\nMbrostari won the group and advanced to the next round", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 43], "content_span": [44, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066691-0006-0000", "contents": "1949 Kategoria e Dyt\u00eb, First round, Group 7\nBerati, Patosi and Spartaku Ku\u00e7ov\u00eb advanced to the next round", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 43], "content_span": [44, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066691-0007-0000", "contents": "1949 Kategoria e Dyt\u00eb, First round, Group 9\nPeqini won the group and advanced to the next round", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 43], "content_span": [44, 95]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066691-0008-0000", "contents": "1949 Kategoria e Dyt\u00eb, First round, Group 10\nNo clubs from Group 10 advanced to the next round", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 44], "content_span": [45, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066691-0009-0000", "contents": "1949 Kategoria e Dyt\u00eb, First round, Group 11\nNo clubs from Group 11 advanced to the next round", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 44], "content_span": [45, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066691-0010-0000", "contents": "1949 Kategoria e Dyt\u00eb, First round, Group 12\nHimara won the group and advanced to the next round", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 44], "content_span": [45, 96]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066691-0011-0000", "contents": "1949 Kategoria e Dyt\u00eb, Second round\nSpartaku Pogradec, Lezha and Berati advanced to the final round", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 35], "content_span": [36, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066691-0012-0000", "contents": "1949 Kategoria e Dyt\u00eb, Final round\nSpartaku Pogradec and Lezha finished on equal points, so they shared the title", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 34], "content_span": [35, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066692-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Kemi strike\nThe 1949 Kemi strike was a strike in July\u2013August 1949 by the workers of Kemi Oy (today a part of Mets\u00e4 Group) in the Northern Finnish town of Kemi. On August 18 the strike escalated on a violent clash called \"Kemi Bloody Thursday\" between strikers and local police, two workers were killed and several injured. Kemi strike is so far the last fatal political protest in Finland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066692-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Kemi strike\nThe Kemi strike is seen as a struggle between Communist Party of Finland and the Prime Minister K-A Fagerholm's cabinet. The cabinet controlled a large part of the trade unions through the Social Democratic Party and the communists wanted to regain the power their parliamentary organization Finnish People's Democratic League had lost in the 1948 legislative election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066692-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Kemi strike, The clash\nThe strike began on July 1, as the government wanted to cut the wages of Kemi Oy's lumber workers with more than 30 percent. It was soon joined by local lumberjacks, employers of the Kemi Oy sawmill and the dockers of Port of Kemi. Prime Minister Karl-August Fagerholm declared the strike illegal as it went on for several weeks. The strike caused a jam of 20,5 million cubic foot of logs to the mouth of Kemijoki river. The employers recruited strikebreakers, bringing them to work under police protection.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 27], "content_span": [28, 535]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066692-0002-0001", "contents": "1949 Kemi strike, The clash\nOn August 18 a peaceful march of more the 3,000 strikers was on its way to the estuary, where the strikebreakers were driving logs and releasing the jam. As the march was stopped by armed policemen, a violent riot burst out. Protesters were equipped with sticks and rocks, while the police were using their batons and guns. One striker was shot and a female worker was fatally hit by a truck. It is still unclear who fired the deadly shot. According to official forensic examination the bullet was not shot from any of the police guns, although declassified secret police documents reveal that the police were shooting at strikers. One police officer stated he was prevented from shooting at a violent striker only by his gun jamming.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 27], "content_span": [28, 762]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066692-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Kemi strike, Aftermath\nAs a result, president Juho Kusti Paasikivi called a general alert of the armed forces and the government sent army troops to Kemi. This ended up with an arrest of 22 leading activists. A total number of 127 strikers were later accused of uprising, 63 of them were sent to prison. The police violence caused a series of sympathy strikes around Finland by communist dominated trade unions like the seamen's union led by Niilo W\u00e4ll\u00e4ri and a large number of metal workers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 27], "content_span": [28, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066692-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 Kemi strike, Aftermath\nFinnish government was even afraid of communist uprising and Soviet intervention. Communists in turn, were accusing the government for violating the Paris Peace Treaty since they had sent military against the striking workers. The American press characterized the incident as a \"test for Finnish democracy\". Soviet newspaper Pravda was talking about \"police terror\" and \"Prime Minister Fagerholm's collaboration with American imperialists\". The sympathy strikes were finally put down on 22 August, as the Social Democrat controlled Central Organisation of Finnish Trade Unions expelled the striking unions. Several other unions decided to cancel their planned strikes. Some trade union leaders were later put on trial and given short sentences.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 27], "content_span": [28, 772]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066693-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Kent State Golden Flashes football team\nThe 1949 Kent State Golden Flashes football team was an American football team that represented Kent State University in the Ohio Athletic Conference (OAC) during the 1949 college football season. In its fourth season under head coach Trevor J. Rees, Kent State compiled a 5\u20133 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066694-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Kentucky Derby\nThe 1949 Kentucky Derby was the 75th running of the Kentucky Derby. The race took place on May 7, 1949 on a track rated fast.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066695-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Kentucky Wildcats football team\nThe 1949 Kentucky Wildcats football team represented the University of Kentucky in the 1949 college football season. The Wildcats' were led by head coach Bear Bryant in his fourth season and finished the season with a record of nine wins and three losses (9\u20133 overall, 4\u20131 in the SEC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066696-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Kesteven County Council election\nElections to Kesteven County Council were held on Saturday, 9 April 1949. Kesteven was one of three divisions of the historic county of Lincolnshire in England; it consisted of the ancient wapentakes (or hundreds) of Aswardhurn, Aveland, Beltisloe, Boothby Graffoe, Flaxwell, Langoe, Loveden, Ness, and Winnibriggs and Threo. The Local Government Act 1888 established Kesteven as an administrative county, governed by a Council; elections were held every three years from 1889, until it was abolished by the Local Government Act 1972, which established Lincolnshire County Council in its place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 632]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066696-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Kesteven County Council election\nFor the 1949 election, the county was divided into sixty wards, ten of which accounted for the town of Grantham, five for Stamford, three for Sleaford and two for Bourne. Every seat in Grantham was contested, but all of the nominated candidates for the towns of Bourne, Sleaford and Stamford were returned unopposed. The majority of the councillors returned were independents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066696-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Kesteven County Council election, Results, Ponton\nN.B. Nomination papers were also received for John A. Widdowson, but were deemed invalid.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 54], "content_span": [55, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066697-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Khait earthquake\nThe 1949 Khait (Hoit) earthquake occurred at 09:45 local time (03:53 UTC) on 10 July in the Gharm Oblast region of the Tajik SSR of the Soviet Union (within the modern boundary of Tajikistan). It had a magnitude of 7.5 and triggered a series of landslides that together led to 7,200 deaths.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066697-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Khait earthquake, Tectonic setting\nThe earthquake occurred in a tectonically complex region at the southern edge of the Tien Shan. The southern margin of the Tien Shan is characterised by combination of dextral strike-slip faulting and southward thrusting over the Tajik Basin to the south along the Gissar-Kokshaal fault zone. At the same time the Tajik Basin is being shortened in response to oblique collision with the Pamirs, forming a series of north-south to SW-NE trending thrust faults, the earthquake is thought to have been caused by movement on the Vakhsh thrust, one of these faults.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 39], "content_span": [40, 600]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066697-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Khait earthquake, Damage\nIn the area of maximum felt intensity (>IX) most kishlaks were completely destroyed. Most of the fatalities were caused by numerous landslides triggered by the earthquake. The town of Khait (modern spelling Hoit (Tajik: \u04b2\u043e\u0438\u0442)) and the village of Khisorak were almost completely destroyed by the Khait landslide. Numerous kishlaks in the Yasman River valley were overwhelmed by the loess flowslide that swept down the whole length of the valley. Other kishlaks were destroyed by loess flowslides in the lower Obi-Kabud River valley and on the north side of the Surkhob River valley. Published estimates of the number of casualties range from 5,000 to 28,000. A more recent study, based on the size of affected settlements and the likely population density, gave an estimate of 7,200 of which about 800 were caused by the Khait landslide and 4,000 by the Yasman valley flowslide.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 29], "content_span": [30, 907]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066697-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Khait earthquake, Characteristics, Earthquake\nThe main shock was preceded by two foreshocks (M5.1 and M5.6) on 8 July, just 12 minutes apart. The main shock had a magnitude of 7.4 calculated as the 'unified magnitude' using the 'Soviet Method'. The magnitude was recalculated as 7.5 on the moment magnitude scale in the ISC-GEM catalogue published in 2013.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 50], "content_span": [51, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066697-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 Khait earthquake, Characteristics, Landslides\nMost of the landslides triggered by the earthquake were loess flowslides, involving failure and flow of unconsolidated loess material. In the Yasman River valley, which lies almost entirely within the area of greatest felt intensity, a large number of such flowslides coalesced in tributary valleys before combining into one massive flowslide that travelled the length of the valley. The area covered by the Yasman valley slide is about 24.4\u00a0km2, with a total estimated volume of 245 MCM (million cubic metres). The Khait landslide began as a rockslide but progressively entrained loess material.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 50], "content_span": [51, 647]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066697-0004-0001", "contents": "1949 Khait earthquake, Characteristics, Landslides\nThe rockslide was initiated by failure of part of the western flank of Chokrak Mountain. The landslide became more mobile once it began to entrain loess material and reached the Obi-Kabud River where it traversed the floodplain and surmounted a 25 m high river terrace on the river's west bank. The estimated volume for this landslide is about 75 MCM. It travelled with an estimated velocity of about 40\u00a0m/s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 50], "content_span": [51, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066698-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1949 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship was the 55th staging of the Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Kilkenny County Board.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066698-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship\nGraigue won the championship after a 3-12 to 2-14 defeat of Tullaroan in the final. It was their first ever championship title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066699-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Kurilpa state by-election\nThe Kurilpa state by-election, 1949 was a by-election held on 10 September 1949 for the Queensland Legislative Assembly seat of Kurilpa, based in the inner southern Brisbane suburbs of West End and South Brisbane.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066699-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Kurilpa state by-election\nThe by-election was triggered by the death of Labor member Patrick Copley on 18 July 1949. The seat was a swinging seat between Labor and non-Labor, although Copley had held it since the 1932 election and it was expected to be retained by the party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066699-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Kurilpa state by-election, Candidates\nThe by-election attracted three candidates. The Labor Party nominated Thomas Moores, the incumbent alderman for the Kurilpa Ward on Brisbane City Council whose boundaries were identical to the Assembly seat. The Liberal Party nominated Norman Brandon, while the Communist Party nominated Anna Slater. It was the first electoral contest held since the Queensland People's Party became the Liberal Party's Queensland branch, along with the Ipswich state by-election held on the same day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066699-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Kurilpa state by-election, Aftermath\nUpon Moores' election, the Kurilpa Ward council seat was filled at a by-election on 12 November 1949 by Colin Bennett, who went on to be the leader of Municipal Labor on Brisbane City Council during the 1950s, and subsequently held the Legislative Assembly seat of South Brisbane from 1960 until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066699-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 Kurilpa state by-election, Aftermath\nMoores held Kurilpa until the 1957 state election held on 3 August. He defected to the Queensland Labor Party on 26 April 1957 and on 7 May 1957 was appointed Minister for Transport to replace the outgoing Deputy Premier and minister Jack Duggan. With the loss of his seat at the election, Moores' term in the Executive Council of 3 months and 5 days was the shortest in Queensland since the six-day ministry of 1899.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066700-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 LFF Lyga\nThe 1949 LFF Lyga was the 28th season of the LFF Lyga football competition in Lithuania. It was contested by 15 teams, and Elnias \u0160iauliai won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066701-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 LSU Tigers football team\nThe 1949 LSU Tigers football team represented Louisiana State University (LSU) in the 1949 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066702-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 La Fl\u00e8che Wallonne\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Severo (talk | contribs) at 23:14, 21 March 2020 (new key for Category:1949 Challenge Desgrange-Colombo: \"La Fleche Wallonne\" using HotCat). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066702-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 La Fl\u00e8che Wallonne\nThe 1949 La Fl\u00e8che Wallonne was the 13th edition of La Fl\u00e8che Wallonne cycle race and was held on 13 April 1949. The race started in Charleroi and finished in Li\u00e8ge. The race was won by Rik Van Steenbergen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066703-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Lafayette Leopards football team\nThe 1949 Lafayette Leopards football team was an American football team that represented Lafayette College in the Middle Three Conference during the 1949 college football season. In its first season under head coach Maurice J. \"Clipper\" Smith, the team compiled a 2\u20136 record. Gordon Schleer and Joseph Zahurak were the team captains. The team played its home games at Fisher Field in Easton, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066704-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Landes forest fire\nA major wildfire occurred from 19 August 1949 to 25 August 1949 in the Landes forest in France. 50,000 hectares (500\u00a0km2) of forest land were burnt - and 82 people killed. It was considered the most deadly forest fire in Europe until the 2007 and 2018 wildfires in Greece, which killed 84 and 99 people, respectively. Since both fire events in Greece can be distinguished as a multiple fire event, the Landes fire still ranks as the deadliest wildfire in Europe since record-keeping began.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066704-0000-0001", "contents": "1949 Landes forest fire\nThe municipalities of Cestas, Saucats, Marcheprime and Mios in the Gironde department were devastated by the forest fire. The very high dead toll from the fire shocked the country \u2013 and marked the starting point for the construction of the \u201cDefending Forest against Wildfire\u201d \u2013 \u201cD\u00e9fense de la for\u00eat contre les incendies\u201d System.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066705-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Latvian SSR Higher League, Overview\nIt was contested by 12 teams, and Sarkanais Metalurgs won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066706-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Leeds City Council election\nThe Leeds municipal elections were held on Thursday 12 May 1949, with one third of the seats to be elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066706-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Leeds City Council election\nWitnessing a slight swing away from them of 0.5%, the Conservatives won a narrow majority of the seats contested. With the seats last fought in Labour's landslide of 1945, all but four of the Conservative seats were gains. Totalling ten, the Conservatives safely gained Blenheim, Cross Gates & Temple Newsam and Upper Armley; less so in Beeston and Bramley, and very closely in Harehills, Kirkstall, Mill Hill & South and Farnley & Wortley (the latter being won by nine votes). The Conservatives also gained an extra alderman off the back of the gains, reducing Labour's hold to a slender majority of eight. Turnout returned to 46.4% after the spike recorded the previous election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 714]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066706-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Leeds City Council election, Election result\nThe result had the following consequences for the total number of seats on the council after the elections:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 49], "content_span": [50, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066707-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Leeds West by-election\nA by-election for the constituency of Leeds West in the United Kingdom House of Commons was held on 21 July 1949, caused by the suicide of the incumbent Labour MP Thomas Stamford. The result was a hold for the Labour Party, with their candidate Charles Pannell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066708-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Lehigh Engineers football team\nThe 1949 Lehigh Engineers football team was an American football team that represented Lehigh University as an independent during the 1949 college football season. Lehigh finished last in the Middle Three Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066708-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Lehigh Engineers football team\nIn their fourth year under head coach William Leckonby, the Engineers compiled a 6\u20133 record, 0\u20132 against conference opponents. Bob Numbers was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066708-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Lehigh Engineers football team\nLehigh played its home games at Taylor Stadium on the university's main campus in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066709-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Liberian constitutional referendum\nA constitutional referendum was held in Liberia on 3 May 1949. The changes to the 1847 constitution were approved in the Legislature in 1948, and abolished the two-term limit on presidents. The change was approved by voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066709-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Liberian constitutional referendum, Constitutional change\nThe Supreme Executive Power shall be vested in a President who shall be elected by the people and shall hold office for a term of eight years. No President may be elected for two consecutive terms of eight years, but should a majority of the ballots cast at a second or any other succeeding election by all of the electors voting thereat elect him, his second or any other succeeding term of office shall be for four years. He shall be Commander-in-chief of the Army, Navy and Air Forces.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 62], "content_span": [63, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066709-0001-0001", "contents": "1949 Liberian constitutional referendum, Constitutional change\nHe shall in the recess of the Legislature, have power to call out the Militia or any portion thereof, into actual service in defence of the Republic. He shall have power to make treaties, provided the Senate concur therein, by a vote of two thirds of the Senators present.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 62], "content_span": [63, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066709-0001-0002", "contents": "1949 Liberian constitutional referendum, Constitutional change\nHe shall nominate, and with the advice and consent of the Senate appoint and commission, all Ambassadors, and other public Ministers and Consuls, Secretaries of State, of National Defence, of the Treasury, Attorney General, all Judges of Courts, Sheriffs, Coroners, Marshals, Justices of the Peace, Clerks of Courts, Registers, Notaries Public, and all other officers of State civil and military, whose appointment may not be otherwise provided for by the Constitution, or by standing laws.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 62], "content_span": [63, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066709-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Liberian constitutional referendum, Constitutional change\nA two-thirds majority in the vote was necessary for the changes to be approved.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 62], "content_span": [63, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066710-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Liechtenstein Trade, Commerce and Industry Regulation Act referendum\nA referendum on the Trade, Commerce and Industry Regulations Act was held in Liechtenstein on 12 June 1949. The Act had been passed by the Landtag, but was rejected by 78.4% of voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 73], "section_span": [73, 73], "content_span": [74, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066711-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Liechtenstein general election\nGeneral elections were held in Liechtenstein on 6 February 1949. The Progressive Citizens' Party won eight of the 15 seats in the Landtag, but remained in coalition with the Patriotic Union.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066712-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1949 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship was the 55th staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Limerick County Board.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066712-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship\nSt. Patrick's won the championship after a 1-07 to 1-03 defeat of Geraldines in the final. It was their first ever championship title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066713-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Little League World Series\nThe 1949 Little League World Series was held from August 24 to August 27 in Williamsport, Pennsylvania. The Hammonton All Stars of Hammonton, New Jersey, defeated the Pensacola All Stars of Pensacola, Florida, in the championship game of the 3rd Little League World Series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066713-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Little League World Series\nThis was the first tournament to be called the \"Little League World Series\". Attendees at the championship game included Ford Frick, president of the National League (and later Commissioner of Baseball).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066714-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Liverpool City Council election\nElections to Liverpool City Council were held on Thursday 12 May 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066714-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Liverpool City Council election, Ward results\nThis was the first May local election following the move from November. Councillors standing for re-election at this election were previously elected in 1945. Therefore, comparisons are made with the 1945 election results.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 50], "content_span": [51, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066714-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Liverpool City Council election, Aldermanic elections, Aldermanic elections 23 May 1949\nAt the meeting of the City Council on 23 May 1949 the terms of office of twenty of the forty Aldermen expired and the Council elected twenty Aldermen to fill the vacant positions for a term of six years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 92], "content_span": [93, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066714-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, Childwall, 15 September 1949\nCaused by the election of Cllr. William John Matthew Clark as an Alderman on 23 May 1949", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 80], "content_span": [81, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066714-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, Anfield 10 November 1949\nAlderman William Albert Robinson died on 31 December 1949His position was filled by Cllr. Michael John Reppion (Labour, elected for the South Scotland ward in May 1949), who was elected as an Alderman by the Council on 1 February 1950 and was assigned as the Returning Officer for the Everton ward.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 76], "content_span": [77, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066714-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, Anfield 10 November 1949\nAlderman Peter Kavanagh died on 19 February 1950His position was filled by Cllr. Stanley Robert Williams (Conservative, elected for the Wavertree ward on 1 November 1947), who was elected as an Alderman by the City Council on 5 April 1950 and assigned as Returning Officer for the Vauxhall ward.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 76], "content_span": [77, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066714-0006-0000", "contents": "1949 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, Anfield 10 November 1949\nHer position was filled by Cllr. George Webster Green Armour (Conservative, elected for the Sefton Park East ward in November 1946) was elected as an Alderman by the City Council on 5 April 1950 and assigned as Returning Officer for the Dingle ward.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 76], "content_span": [77, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066715-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Li\u00e8ge\u2013Bastogne\u2013Li\u00e8ge\nThe 1949 Li\u00e8ge\u2013Bastogne\u2013Li\u00e8ge was the 35th edition of the Li\u00e8ge\u2013Bastogne\u2013Li\u00e8ge cycle race and was held on 1 May 1949. The race started and finished in Li\u00e8ge. The race was won by Camille Danguillaume.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066716-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 London County Council election\nAn election to the County Council of London took place on 7 April 1949. The council was elected by First Past the Post with each elector having three votes in the three-member seats. The Conservative Party made substantial gains, achieving the same number of seats as the Labour Party. However, Labour held the chair of the council, and was thus able to retain control.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066716-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 London County Council election\nThe constituencies were completely reorganised before the election. The 60 former two-member constituencies and one four-member constituency were replaced by 43 three-member constituencies, to align with the UK Parliamentary constituencies due to be introduced at the 1950 UK general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066716-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 London County Council election, Campaign\nThe Labour Party campaigned on its progress on the County of London Plan, its construction of housing and schools, and its takeover of health services.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066716-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 London County Council election, Campaign\nThe Conservative Party chose not to stand candidates in Bethnal Green, where it hoped its supporters would instead vote for the Liberal Party candidates. It argued that the Labour administration was short of talent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066716-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 London County Council election, Campaign\nThe Liberal Party and Communist Party of Great Britain each stood only six candidates, and hoped to retain representation in their strongest areas: Bethnal Green for the Liberals, and Stepney for the Communists.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066716-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 London County Council election, Results\nThe Conservative Party secured the most votes, but won the same number of seats as the Labour Party. The Liberal Party leader Percy Harris was the only other councillor to win a seat. Because there were ten appointed aldermen, all Labour representatives, Labour retained a majority for the election of a new chair, who would hold a casting vote. While this would usually be a council member, the party instead selected J. W. Bowen, a party member who was not on the council, and thereby secured an ongoing majority. Thus assured, it agreed to a Conservative proposal to arrange for the election of new aldermen in proportion to the party strengths.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 693]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066716-0006-0000", "contents": "1949 London County Council election, Results\nTurnout at the election was 39%, a considerable increase from 26% three years earlier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066717-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Los Angeles Dons season\nThe 1949 Los Angeles Dons season was their fourth and final season in the All-America Football Conference. The team failed to improve on their previous output of 7-7, winning only four games. They failed to qualify for the playoffs for the fourth consecutive season and folded with the league after the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066718-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Los Angeles Rams season\nThe 1949 Los Angeles Rams season was the team's 12th year with the National Football League and the fourth in Los Angeles. The Rams were 8\u20132\u20132 and won the Western Division title, then lost to the Philadelphia Eagles in the NFL Championship Game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066718-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Los Angeles Rams season, Regular season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 55], "content_span": [56, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066719-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Los Angeles mayoral election\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Priyanjali singh (talk | contribs) at 07:52, 11 October 2020 (Adding short description: \"1949 election for Mayor of Los Angeles\" (Shortdesc helper)). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066719-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Los Angeles mayoral election\nThe 1949 election for Mayor of Los Angeles took place on April 5, 1949, with a run-off election on May 31, 1949. Incumbent Fletcher Bowron was re-elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066720-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football team\nThe 1949 Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football team was an American football team that represented the Louisiana Polytechnic Institute (now known as Louisiana Tech University) as a member of the Gulf States Conference during the 1949 college football season. In their ninth year under head coach Joe Aillet, the team compiled a 7\u20132 record and as Gulf States Conference champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066721-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Louisville Cardinals football team\nThe 1949 Louisville Cardinals football team was an American football team that represented the University of Louisville as an independent during the 1949 college football season. In their fourth season under head coach Frank Camp, the Cardinals compiled an 8\u20133 record. The team was led on offense by Ross Lucia and played its home games at DuPont Manual Stadium in Louisville, Kentucky.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066722-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Loyola Lions football team\nThe 1949 Loyola Lions football team was an American football team that represented Loyola University of Los Angeles (now known as Loyola Marymount University) as an independent during the 1949 college football season. In their first season under head coach Jordan Olivar, the Lions compiled a 6\u20134 record and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 230 to 226.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066723-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 MacRobertson Miller Aviation DC-3 crash\nOn 2 July 1949 a Douglas DC-3 aircraft departed from Perth, Western Australia for a night flight of 441 nautical miles (817\u00a0km) to Carnarvon. The aircraft climbed to a height of about 500 feet (150\u00a0m) and then spiralled almost vertically to the ground, killing all 18 people on board. It crashed about a mile north of Perth airport and burned for over an hour. At the time, it was the worst civil aviation accident in Western Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066723-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 MacRobertson Miller Aviation DC-3 crash, The flight\nThe aircraft was the airliner Fitzroy, registered VH-MME and operated by MacRobertson Miller Aviation. On 2 July 1949 it was about to conduct the regular passenger service from Perth to Darwin, Northern Territory which departed about 2\u00a0am to allow passengers to connect with the twice-weekly Sydney-London flight operated by Qantas. The first stop was to be Carnarvon in Western Australia. On board were three pilots, an air hostess and 14 passengers. The aircraft took off at 2:14 am in driving rain. Visibility was about 10 miles (16\u00a0km). The aircraft climbed unusually quickly after it left the runway. It was observed to climb to a height of about 500 feet (150\u00a0m) and then roll and spiral vertically to the ground.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 56], "content_span": [57, 776]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066723-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 MacRobertson Miller Aviation DC-3 crash, The flight\nThe aircraft crashed in a clear area between huts at the South Guildford housing camp, a former Army camp where 70 huts were being used to house civilians. As a result of the aircraft diving vertically to the ground, the wreckage was mostly confined within an area that was no larger than 60 feet (18\u00a0m) square. The aircraft narrowly missed the surrounding huts with wreckage coming to within 12 feet (4\u00a0m) of one hut, and within 5 paces of the front verandah of another. One propeller was found about 210 feet (64\u00a0m) from the wreckage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 56], "content_span": [57, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066723-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 MacRobertson Miller Aviation DC-3 crash, The flight\nAn intense fire erupted inside the fuselage. The first fire-fighting equipment to reach the site was the fire tender from the airport, crewed by one fireman only. The fireman laid a foam blanket around the burning wreckage and sprayed foam on the fire. He used all the foam without extinguishing the flames. Two other fire tenders from neighbouring areas arrived to assist. It was 90 minutes before the fire was extinguished.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 56], "content_span": [57, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066723-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 MacRobertson Miller Aviation DC-3 crash, The flight\nAfter sunrise, police, firemen and undertakers worked for an hour to remove the bodies of the 18 people killed in the accident. All the bodies were burned beyond recognition. Several of the bodies were still sitting in an upright position. The bodies of the 3 pilots in the cockpit were half-buried under a mass of charred newspaper. The aircraft was carrying the Perth daily newspaper to towns in the north-west of the state. Police and two officers from the Department of Civil Aviation sifted through the wreckage in the rain, searching for items to help identify the victims and for clues as to the likely cause of the tragedy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 56], "content_span": [57, 688]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066723-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 MacRobertson Miller Aviation DC-3 crash, Investigation\nThe Department of Civil Aviation immediately appointed a panel of two to investigate the accident. Examination of the wreckage showed that the flaps and undercarriage were retracted and both engines had been producing high power at the time of the crash. All trim tabs were in typical positions for takeoff and all control cable runs were intact. Nothing was found in the wreckage to indicate any prior defect or failure that might have caused the aircraft to crash or the pilot to lose control.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 59], "content_span": [60, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066723-0005-0001", "contents": "1949 MacRobertson Miller Aviation DC-3 crash, Investigation\nThe setting of the automatic pilot could not be determined due to destruction of the forward fuselage. The investigation initially focussed on possible failure to remove one of the flight control chocks, defective flight instruments, misuse of the wing flaps, structural failure of the tailplane, defective elevator control system, misuse of the automatic pilot, and incorrect loading.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 59], "content_span": [60, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066723-0006-0000", "contents": "1949 MacRobertson Miller Aviation DC-3 crash, Investigation\nControl chocks for the left aileron, one elevator and the rudder were found correctly stowed in the remains of the aircraft's rear fuselage compartment. Searchers were unable to find the chock for the other elevator or the right aileron, either at the crash site or on the ground between the runway and the crash site. On the morning after the accident an MMA apprentice found the missing elevator chock on the tarmac close to where VH-MME was positioned for an engine test run the previous afternoon. The investigators carried out a flight test on a DC-3 to determine what effect, if any, was caused by installing an aileron chock on the elevator. They found there was no effect and the presence of the chock did not prevent the pilot having full control of the elevator.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 59], "content_span": [60, 832]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066723-0007-0000", "contents": "1949 MacRobertson Miller Aviation DC-3 crash, Investigation\nStaff of the Department of Civil Aviation calculated the most likely position of the centre of gravity on the fatal flight and found it was about 3.3% of Mean Aerodynamic Chord behind the rear limit. They carried out some flight tests in a DC-3 with its centre of gravity 4.7% of MAC behind the rear limit and found there was a loss of longitudinal static stability that made it difficult to trim the aircraft for a constant airspeed but the low-speed flight handling qualities had not deteriorated seriously. They concluded that the incorrect position of the centre of gravity did not adequately explain the accident and there must have been some other cause, possibly highly unusual. The investigation ended without determining the cause.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 59], "content_span": [60, 800]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066723-0008-0000", "contents": "1949 MacRobertson Miller Aviation DC-3 crash, Inquest\nIn August 1949 the City Coroner, R. P. Rodriguez, conducted an inquest into the deaths of the 18 people on board the aircraft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 53], "content_span": [54, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066723-0009-0000", "contents": "1949 MacRobertson Miller Aviation DC-3 crash, Inquest\nA dispatch officer with MacRobertson Miller Aviation observed the aircraft take off normally, then climb to an almost vertical position, roll over and dive vertically towards the ground, twisting as it did so. Written evidence from the aerodrome control officer on duty in the control tower stated that he observed the aircraft turn through 180 degrees as though in a spiral turn or spin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 53], "content_span": [54, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066723-0010-0000", "contents": "1949 MacRobertson Miller Aviation DC-3 crash, Inquest\nSome witnesses who lived at the South Guildford housing camp believed one of the aircraft's engines had failed by the time of the crash. The City Coroner was satisfied both engines were operating normally during the takeoff and up until the time of the impact.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 53], "content_span": [54, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066723-0011-0000", "contents": "1949 MacRobertson Miller Aviation DC-3 crash, Inquest\nA medical officer conducted post-mortem examinations of the bodies. He confirmed there was no indication of alcohol in the bodies of any of the pilots. All on board died of multiple injuries before being burned.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 53], "content_span": [54, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066723-0012-0000", "contents": "1949 MacRobertson Miller Aviation DC-3 crash, Inquest\nA resident of the housing camp who was one of the first witnesses to arrive at the crash scene told the City Coroner she saw the air hostess in the cockpit, standing beside the pilot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 53], "content_span": [54, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066723-0013-0000", "contents": "1949 MacRobertson Miller Aviation DC-3 crash, Inquest\nThe City Coroner was satisfied that the aircraft was airworthy and neither MacRobertson Miller Aviation nor the pilot did anything negligent to cause the fatal crash.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 53], "content_span": [54, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066723-0014-0000", "contents": "1949 MacRobertson Miller Aviation DC-3 crash, Inquiry\nOn 28 September 1949 the Minister for Civil Aviation, Arthur Drakeford, announced that a court of inquiry would be held to investigate the accident because the investigation by the Department of Civil Aviation had been unable to determine the exact cause. Mr Justice Wolff of the Supreme Court of Western Australia was appointed to chair the inquiry. The inquiry commenced on 12 December 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 53], "content_span": [54, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066723-0015-0000", "contents": "1949 MacRobertson Miller Aviation DC-3 crash, Inquiry, Observations\nThe inquiry received evidence from the aerodrome control officer on duty in the control tower at the time of the takeoff. He observed the aircraft climb at a steeper rate than any airline-operated aircraft he had seen previously. When the aircraft was at a height of about 500 feet (150\u00a0m) the left wing dropped sharply, as if in a stall. The nose dipped and the aircraft seemed to rotate through 180 degrees before dropping vertically. A ground engineer also saw the aircraft climb abruptly before it nosed over and twisted twice as it dived to the ground.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 67], "content_span": [68, 625]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066723-0016-0000", "contents": "1949 MacRobertson Miller Aviation DC-3 crash, Inquiry, Aircraft loading\nThe inquiry heard that on 27 June 1949 the Department of Civil Aviation sent a letter to MacRobertson Miller Aviation advising that the methods used by its operational personnel to check the weight and balance of company aircraft did not conform to the appropriate requirements, and that approved methods must be used in the future. In response, the Operations Manager for MacRobertson Miller Aviation sent specific instructions to pilots on 30 June. On 1 July, the day before the accident, the Operations Manager discussed his instructions with the pilots of the accident flight.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 71], "content_span": [72, 652]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066723-0016-0001", "contents": "1949 MacRobertson Miller Aviation DC-3 crash, Inquiry, Aircraft loading\nStaff involved with the loading of aircraft were instructed to use the method of Index Units to check that the centre of gravity of an aircraft was within limits. The employee who loaded the freight and passengers' luggage on the accident flight told the inquiry that after the freight was loaded, a check of the aircraft weight and balance showed that about 80 pounds (36\u00a0kg) of freight should be removed. Freight weighing 102 pounds (46\u00a0kg) was then removed. However, this employee believed the Load Sheet column labelled Index Units was not completed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 71], "content_span": [72, 626]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066723-0017-0000", "contents": "1949 MacRobertson Miller Aviation DC-3 crash, Inquiry, Aircraft loading\nThere were suggestions the aircraft had been incorrectly loaded with 1,400 pounds (640\u00a0kg) in the rear baggage locker when it was assumed only 1,100 pounds (500\u00a0kg) would be carried there. The accuracy of statements regarding 1,400\u00a0lb was challenged.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 71], "content_span": [72, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066723-0018-0000", "contents": "1949 MacRobertson Miller Aviation DC-3 crash, Inquiry, Control chocks\nThe inquiry heard that the first officer had been unable to find all the control chocks normally used to lock the control surfaces on the aircraft while it was parked. There were concerns that one of the aircraft's control chocks might have been left in position instead of being removed before takeoff. The inquiry heard that all chocks were eventually accounted for. There was also a concern that one of the aileron chocks might have been inadvertently inserted in the elevator circuit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 69], "content_span": [70, 558]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066723-0018-0001", "contents": "1949 MacRobertson Miller Aviation DC-3 crash, Inquiry, Control chocks\nChief Inspector James Harper told the inquiry that he made some test flights in a DC-3 aircraft in a similar configuration to the Fitzroy on the accident flight. One test showed that the DC-3 could be flown satisfactorily even with an aileron chock in the elevator circuit. Harper was satisfied the aircraft did not take off with the elevator locked.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 69], "content_span": [70, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066723-0019-0000", "contents": "1949 MacRobertson Miller Aviation DC-3 crash, Inquiry, Pilot competency\nThe pilot in command of the aircraft on the accident flight was Captain William Norman. Captain Cyril Kleinig, an approved checking pilot with MacRobertson Miller Aviation, gave evidence to the inquiry. He had flown with Captain Norman on many occasions and described him as competent. A pilot who had flown the Fitzroy to Carnarvon and return the day before the accident told the inquiry the aircraft had behaved normally. He also said he had flown with Captain Norman many times and found him to be careful and competent, and more meticulous than most in performing his cockpit drills.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 71], "content_span": [72, 659]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066723-0020-0000", "contents": "1949 MacRobertson Miller Aviation DC-3 crash, Inquiry, Air hostess\nTwo residents of the housing camp who were among the first to arrive at the crash scene told the inquiry they could see two bodies in the wreckage of the cockpit \u2013 a male and a female, both wearing uniform, so they presumed the bodies were those of the pilot and air hostess. One described the female as having fairly long blonde hair. The superintendent of air navigation and safety in the western region of the Department of Civil Aviation said the bodies of the pilot and first officer were found in their correct seats in the cockpit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 66], "content_span": [67, 605]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066723-0020-0001", "contents": "1949 MacRobertson Miller Aviation DC-3 crash, Inquiry, Air hostess\nParticular attention was paid to the body found closest to the rear of the cabin, a few feet (a\u00a0metre) forward of the hostess's seat. The body was that of a female. Another witness was an employee of MacRobertson Miller Aviation who raced from the airport to the scene of the crash. He contradicted the evidence that the body of a woman could be seen in the cockpit. He told the inquiry the air hostess had red hair.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 66], "content_span": [67, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066723-0021-0000", "contents": "1949 MacRobertson Miller Aviation DC-3 crash, Inquiry, Irregularities\nThe inquiry exposed certain irregularities in MacRobertson Miller Aviation's operations. These irregularities centred on the loading of aircraft, proper completion of Load Sheets, and administrative methods.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 69], "content_span": [70, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066723-0022-0000", "contents": "1949 MacRobertson Miller Aviation DC-3 crash, Inquiry, Counsels' summaries\nThe Department of Civil Aviation was represented by Henry Winneke. Mr Winneke suggested to the inquiry that the immediate cause of the accident was that the pilot lost flying control of the aircraft. He said the reason for this loss of control was unknown although incorrect loading of the aircraft may have contributed. He acknowledged the excellent work done by the Department's accident investigators in attempting to determine the cause. George Pape, counsel representing MacRobertson Miller Aviation, warned against speculating on what might have caused the crash and urged the court to make an explicit finding that loading of the aircraft was not a possible factor contributing to the cause of the crash.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 74], "content_span": [75, 786]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066723-0023-0000", "contents": "1949 MacRobertson Miller Aviation DC-3 crash, Inquiry, Counsels' summaries\nThe inquiry sat for seven days and adjourned on Wednesday 21 December 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 74], "content_span": [75, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066723-0024-0000", "contents": "1949 MacRobertson Miller Aviation DC-3 crash, Inquiry, Report and findings\nThe report and findings of the inquiry were not released until 8 March 1950 when the new Minister for Civil Aviation, Thomas White, tabled them in the House of Representatives. The report confirmed that the crash occurred because the aircraft stalled and the pilots were unable to regain control. However, the evidence was not sufficient to allow determination of what caused the stall. The report conceded that over-loading of the aircraft's rear baggage compartment may have contributed to the stall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 74], "content_span": [75, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066723-0025-0000", "contents": "1949 MacRobertson Miller Aviation DC-3 crash, Inquiry, Report and findings\nThe inquiry acknowledged that the operator, MacRobertson Miller Aviation, had distributed instructions about aircraft loading to its pilots on 30 June but considered more should have been done. On the night of the accident the pilot in command had not checked the loading calculations performed by the two men responsible for loading the aircraft, as he was required to do, although the inquiry acknowledged there was insufficient evidence to conclude that the pilot in command was responsible for the accident. The inquiry considered the man responsible for loading the rear baggage compartment possessed inadequate knowledge of aircraft loading and had been untruthful. He had invented his story to hide his over-loading of the compartment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 74], "content_span": [75, 817]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066723-0026-0000", "contents": "1949 MacRobertson Miller Aviation DC-3 crash, Inquiry, Report and findings\nThe inquiry was critical of the operator and the Department of Civil Aviation. In particular, it was critical of the operator's poor standards of maintenance of aircraft instruments. For this reason, the inquiry recommended the operator's airline licence should be suspended or cancelled. It also considered the Department should have made more checks of the operator's methods and record keeping. The Minister declined to take action against the operator, saying its maintenance record keeping had improved significantly since the accident.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 74], "content_span": [75, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066723-0026-0001", "contents": "1949 MacRobertson Miller Aviation DC-3 crash, Inquiry, Report and findings\nHe also cited the hardship that would be inflicted on many remote communities in Western Australia if the operator's airline licence were to be suspended or cancelled. The Minister said his Department would be extra vigilant towards the operator but conceded there were limits to what could be done without significant increases in staff numbers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 74], "content_span": [75, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066723-0027-0000", "contents": "1949 MacRobertson Miller Aviation DC-3 crash, Inquiry, Report and findings\nThe inquiry was also critical of the lack of qualifications and experience of the pilot in command, the late Captain Norman. It said Norman should not have been promoted to captain, and evidence from Captain Kleinig in support of Captain Norman was worthless. It recommended that promotion of a pilot to Captain of an airliner should be at the discretion of the Department of Civil Aviation, and that the Department should take account of all records and reports of tests relating to the applicant.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 74], "content_span": [75, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066723-0028-0000", "contents": "1949 MacRobertson Miller Aviation DC-3 crash, Inquiry, Report and findings\nThe Managing-Director of MacRobertson Miller Aviation, Mr E.C. Gare, rejected claims of incorrect loading on the night of the accident. He also defended Captain Norman, saying he had 3,500 hours flying experience and an unblemished record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 74], "content_span": [75, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066723-0029-0000", "contents": "1949 MacRobertson Miller Aviation DC-3 crash, Aircraft\nThe aircraft was constructed as a Douglas C-47A-20-DL transport aircraft with a Douglas serial number 9350. It was completed in April 1943 and assigned the military serial number 42-23488. It was delivered to the US Army Air Force in Brisbane in May 1943.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066723-0030-0000", "contents": "1949 MacRobertson Miller Aviation DC-3 crash, Aircraft\nIn July 1946, it was acquired by MacRobertson Miller Aviation and ferried from the Philippines to Perth, where it was converted from a military C-47 to a civil DC-3 with seating for 21 passengers. It was registered by MacRobertson Miller Aviation in March 1947 and named Fitzroy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066724-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Maine Black Bears football team\nThe 1949 Maine Black Bears football team was an American football team that represented the University of Maine as a member of the Yankee Conference during the 1949 college football season. In its first season under head coach David M. Nelson, the team compiled a 2\u20134\u20131 record (2\u20130\u20131 against conference opponents) and tied with Connecticut for the conference championship. The team played its home games at Alumni Field in Orono, Maine. Donald Barron was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066725-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Major League Baseball All-Star Game\nThe 1949 Major League Baseball All-Star Game was the 16th annual midseason exhibition game for Major League Baseball all-stars between the American League (AL) and the National League (NL). The AL continued its early dominance of the Midsummer Classic with an 11\u20137 win at Ebbets Field, home field of the NL's Brooklyn Dodgers. The win moved the AL's all-time record in the game to 12\u20134.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066725-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Major League Baseball All-Star Game\nThe 1949 All-Star Game was the first to have African-Americans in the line-up. Jackie Robinson of the Dodgers started for the NL at second base, while his teammates catcher Roy Campanella and pitcher Don Newcombe also played for the NL. Cleveland Indians' outfielder Larry Doby played the final four innings of the game for the AL.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066725-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Dodgers in the game\nThe Dodgers hosted the game and were well-represented. Pee Wee Reese and Jackie Robinson were starting infielders for the NL. Ralph Branca, Don Newcombe, and Preacher Roe were on the pitching staff, while Roy Campanella and Gil Hodges were reserve position players. All of the Dodgers' representatives, with the exception of Branca, played in the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 61], "content_span": [62, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066725-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Starting lineups\nPlayers in italics have since been inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 58], "content_span": [59, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066725-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Starting lineups, Umpires\nThe umpires changed assignments in the middle of the fifth inning \u2013 Gore and Hubbard swapped positions, while Barlick left the game, Summers moved behind the plate, and Ballanfant move to third base. This was the first All-Star Game to field a 6-man umpiring crew, although after Barlick's departure the remainder of the game was played without an umpire in right field.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066725-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Synopsis\nThe starting pitchers were Mel Parnell of the Boston Red Sox for the AL, and Warren Spahn of the Boston Braves for the NL.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 50], "content_span": [51, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066725-0006-0000", "contents": "1949 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Synopsis\nThe AL opened a high scoring game in the top of the 1st inning; with a man on first (who reached on an error) and two outs, a sequence of single-walk-single-error-single pushed across 4 runs. The NL got 2 runs back in the bottom of the inning, with a double from Jackie Robinson followed by a home run by Stan Musial.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 50], "content_span": [51, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066725-0006-0001", "contents": "1949 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Synopsis\nIn the bottom of the 2nd, the NL cut the AL's lead to 4\u20133; with bases loaded and no outs, Don Newcombe hit a lineout to left field that Willard Marshall scored on, but the NL was unable to score more as the next batter grounded into a double play. The NL then pulled ahead 5\u20134 by scoring twice in the bottom of the third, on two walks and three singles during the inning.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 50], "content_span": [51, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066725-0007-0000", "contents": "1949 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Synopsis\nThe AL pulled back ahead 6\u20135 in the top of the 4th inning; with men on second and third with two out, Eddie Joost hit a single to score both runners. The AL's lead was extended to 8\u20135 in the top of the 6th inning; with runners on first and third with one out, Joe DiMaggio drove in both men with a double. Ralph Kiner of the NL hit a two-run home run in the bottom of the 6th inning, which cut the AL lead to 8\u20137. The AL extended their lead in the top of the 7th inning; with a man on second and two out, a sequence of single-single-double scored three runs. That brought the AL lead to 11\u20137, and completed the scoring for the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 50], "content_span": [51, 683]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066725-0008-0000", "contents": "1949 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Synopsis\nThe game wasn't crisp defensively, as there were six errors, five of them by the NL. All four of the AL's runs in the first inning were unearned.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 50], "content_span": [51, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066725-0009-0000", "contents": "1949 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Synopsis\nDetroit Tigers pitcher Virgil Trucks got the win, and Vic Raschi of the New York Yankees earned a save, while the Brooklyn Dodgers' Don Newcombe took the loss.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 50], "content_span": [51, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066726-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Major League Baseball season\nThe 1949 Major League Baseball season was contested from April 18 through October 15, 1949. Both the American League (AL) and National League (NL) had eight teams, with each team playing a 154-game schedule. The New York Yankees won the World Series over the Brooklyn Dodgers in five games. Ted Williams of the Boston Red Sox and Jackie Robinson of the Dodgers won the Most Valuable Player Award in the AL and NL, respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066727-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Manchester BEA Douglas DC-3 accident\nThe 1949 Manchester BEA Douglas DC-3 accident occurred when a twin-engined British European Airways Douglas DC-3 (registration: G-AHCY) crashed on Saddleworth Moor in the Pennines near Oldham, Lancashire, after a flight from Belfast. The accident killed 24 of the passengers and crew on board. The aircraft had first flown in 1944, and was captained by F. W. Pinkerton, a former RAF serviceman who, as a sergeant, had been posted missing during World War II. The airline was government-owned.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 534]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066727-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Manchester BEA Douglas DC-3 accident, Accident\nThe aircraft took off from Belfast Nutts Corner Airport at 10:58 on 19 August 1949 on a short-haul flight to Manchester Airport, with twenty-nine passengers and either three or four crew members on board. US newspaper reports, using agency reports filed soon after the incident, favour the former number of crew; Flight Magazine, reporting a little time later, favoured the latter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 51], "content_span": [52, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066727-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Manchester BEA Douglas DC-3 accident, Accident\nAn hour after take-off, at 11:59, the last radio contact with the crew occurred and about one minute later the aircraft crashed. It was flying at approximately 1,350 feet (410\u00a0m) when it hit a mist-covered hill () at Wimberry Stones, near to the Chew Valley on Saddleworth Moor near Oldham, 15 miles (24\u00a0km) from Manchester Airport. Contact was made approximately 20 feet (6\u00a0m) from the summit. The aircraft broke up and caught fire. Twenty-one passengers and all the crew members died, leaving eight survivors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 51], "content_span": [52, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066727-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Manchester BEA Douglas DC-3 accident, Accident\nThe dead passengers were eleven women, six men and four children, three of whom were aged under two years; the three crew members were all male. All but two of the dead died at the scene. The injured were treated at Oldham Infirmary. The rescue was hampered by bad weather and the remote location of the crash site. Workers from a paper mill approximately 0.75 miles (1.2\u00a0km) away formed a human chain to carry the injured from the hillside to lower ground and a doctor at the scene said, \"I found bodies scattered all over the place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 51], "content_span": [52, 586]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066727-0003-0001", "contents": "1949 Manchester BEA Douglas DC-3 accident, Accident\nThere were a few survivors lying groaning on the hillside but some of them died before I could attend to them. I have been a doctor since 1914 and served in both wars, but this was the worst sight that I have ever seen.\" The cause of the accident was an error in navigation, incorrect approach procedure and failure to check the position of the aircraft accurately before the descent from a safe height.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 51], "content_span": [52, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066727-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 Manchester BEA Douglas DC-3 accident, Accident\nAn hour later, a Proctor light aircraft crashed on a test flight in mist at Baildon in Yorkshire, approximately 40 miles (64\u00a0km) away. All four of its passengers died.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 51], "content_span": [52, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066728-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Manchester Borough Council election\nElections to Manchester Borough Council were held in 1949. One third of the council was up for election, the council stayed under Labour Party control.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066728-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Manchester Borough Council election, Candidates and Ward Results\nBelow is a list of the 36 individual wards with the candidates standing in those wards and the number of votes the candidates acquired.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 69], "content_span": [70, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066729-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Manitoba general election\nThe 1949 Manitoba general election was held on November 10, 1949, to elect Members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Manitoba, Canada.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066729-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Manitoba general election\nThis election pitted the province's coalition government, made up of the Liberal-Progressive Party and the Progressive Conservative Party, against a variety of opponents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066729-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Manitoba general election\nThe social democratic Manitoba Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) was the coalition's primary challenger, while the communist Labour Progressive Party and an assortment of independent candidates also challenged the coalition in some constituencies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066729-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Manitoba general election\nLiberal-Progressive and Progressive Conservative candidates ran against each other in some ridings, generally where no anti-coalition candidates had a serious chance of winning.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066729-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 Manitoba general election\nThe result was a landslide victory for the coalition. Premier Douglas Campbell's Liberal-Progressives remained the dominant party in government, increasing their caucus to thirty-one seats out of fifty-seven\u2014enough to form a majority government even without assistance from other parties. One of these candidates was elected simply as a \"Liberal\", but sat as a full member of the Liberal-Progressive caucus.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066729-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 Manitoba general election\nThe Progressive Conservative Party, led by Errick Willis, remained the junior partner in government, falling to nine seats from thirteen in the previous election. Five independent \"Conservative\" or \"Progressive Conservative\" candidates were also elected, with all but one opposing the coalition government. These results provoked serious debate in the Progressive Conservative Party about the wisdom of staying with the coalition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066729-0006-0000", "contents": "1949 Manitoba general election\nThe CCF under Edwin Hansford fell to seven seats, down from nine in the previous election. Bill Kardash of the LPP retained his seat in north-end Winnipeg. Three pro-coalition independents were also elected, as was Edmond Prefontaine, an independent Liberal opposing the coalition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066729-0007-0000", "contents": "1949 Manitoba general election\nThe Social Credit League did not contest the election, having fallen into a state of internal disorganization.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066729-0008-0000", "contents": "1949 Manitoba general election\nWinnipeg had 10 seats filled through Single Transferable Voting, St. Boniface had two seats filled through STV, and the other districts elected one MLA each through Alternative Voting, where a candidate had to have majority of the votes to be elected. In Iberville and Morris, where no candidates had the majority in the First Count, only the First Count totals are shown - the final vote count and the intermediate counts are not.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066729-0009-0000", "contents": "1949 Manitoba general election, Riding results, Single-member constituencies\nA second count was held to allow Robertson's votes to be transferred, which gave McDowell a majority of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 76], "content_span": [77, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066729-0010-0000", "contents": "1949 Manitoba general election, Riding results, Single-member constituencies\nA second count was held to allow Wishart's votes to be transferred, which gave Shewman a majority of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 76], "content_span": [77, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066729-0011-0000", "contents": "1949 Manitoba general election, Riding results, Single-member constituencies\nA second count was held to allow Cryderman's votes to be transferred, which gave Robertson a majority of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 76], "content_span": [77, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066729-0012-0000", "contents": "1949 Manitoba general election, Post-election changes\nOn August 15, 1950, Progressive Conservative leader Errick Willis resigned his seat in cabinet. The party formally left the coalition later in the summer, and John McDowell, Hugh Morrison and Dufferin Roblin joined the party caucus.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066729-0013-0000", "contents": "1949 Manitoba general election, Post-election changes\nSome Progressive Conservative MLAs opposed their party's decision, and chose to remain with the coalition side. Charles Greenlay and Wallace Miller chose to remain in cabinet, while James Argue and Joseph Donaldson sat as pro-coalition independents. Argue rejoined the Progressive Conservatives in 1953, while Donaldson resigned his seat. Thomas Seens did not initially support the party's decision to leave the coalition, but sat with the Progressive Conservatives in the legislature.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066729-0014-0000", "contents": "1949 Manitoba general election, Post-election changes\nRonald Robertson and Edmond Prefontaine rejoined the Liberal-Progressives, while independents Rod Clement and Walter Weir also remained on the government side. Harry Shewman appears to have sided with the opposition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066729-0015-0000", "contents": "1949 Manitoba general election, Post-election changes\nSt. Andrews (dec. James McLenaghen, June 23, 1950), October 24, 1950:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066729-0016-0000", "contents": "1949 Manitoba general election, Post-election changes\nBrandon City (res. Joseph Donaldson, April 18, 1951), January 21, 1952:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066729-0017-0000", "contents": "1949 Manitoba general election, Post-election changes\nLa Verendrye (dec. Sauveur Marcoux, November 16, 1951), January 21, 1952:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066730-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Marquette Hilltoppers football team\nThe 1948 Marquette Hilltoppers football team was an American football team that represented Marquette University as an independent during the 1949 college football season. In its 19th and final season under head coach Frank Murray, the team compiled a 4\u20135 record and outscored all opponents by a total of 257 to 209. The team played its home games at Marquette Stadium in Milwaukee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066731-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Marshall Thundering Herd football team\nThe 1949 Marshall Thundering Herd football team was an American football team that represented Marshall University in the Ohio Valley Conference (OVC) during the 1949 college football season. In its 12th season under head coach Cam Henderson, the team compiled a 6\u20134 record (4\u20130 against conference opponents) and outscored opponents by a total of 168 to 147. Marvin Wetzel and Danny Clark were the team captains.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066732-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Maryland State Raiders football team\nThe 1949 Maryland State Raiders football team was an American football team that represented Maryland State College (now known as University of Maryland Eastern Shore) during the 1949 college football season. In their second season under head coach Vernon McCain, the team compiled an 8\u20130 record, shut out seven of eight opponents, outscored all opponents by a total of 310 to 8, and was ranked No. 6 among the nation's black college football teams according to the Pittsburgh Courier and its Dickinson Rating System.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066732-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Maryland State Raiders football team\nThe November 15 game against Trenton State Teachers College (now known as The College of New Jersey) was the first interracial game played on the Eastern Shore of Maryland. Maryland State played a second interracial game the following week against Glassboro State Teachers College.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066732-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Maryland State Raiders football team\nMaryland State halfback Sylvester Polk who led the nation with 129 points scored. Other key players included T-slotter Calvin Martin and guard Donald Thomas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066733-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Maryland Terrapins football team\nThe 1949 Maryland Terrapins football team represented the University of Maryland in 1949 college football season as a member of the Southern Conference (SoCon). Jim Tatum served as the head coach for the third season of his nine-year tenure. The team compiled a 9\u20131 record and received a bid to the 1950 Gator Bowl, where they defeated 20th-ranked Missouri, which was coached by Don Faurot, Tatum's former boss and the inventor of the split-T offense.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 489]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066734-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Masters Tournament\nThe 1949 Masters Tournament was the 13th Masters Tournament, held April 7\u201310 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia. This was the first year that the famous Green Jacket was awarded to the tournament winner, and previous champions were awarded theirs retroactively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066734-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Masters Tournament\nSam Snead shot consecutive rounds of 67 on the weekend to win by three strokes over runners-up Johnny Bulla and Lloyd Mangrum. This was the first of his three Masters victories and the third of his seven major championships. Snead also won the next major, the PGA Championship in May, and became the first to win those two in the same calendar year. He was followed by Jack Burke Jr. (1956) and Jack Nicklaus (1963, 1975); they completed their doubles in the summer (July, August).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 505]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066734-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Masters Tournament\nPrevious champions of both the Masters and PGA Championship, won in different calendar years, were Gene Sarazen, Byron Nelson, and Henry Picard.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066734-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Masters Tournament\nDefending tour player of the year Ben Hogan did not play in the majors in 1949, due to a near-fatal automobile collision in west Texas in early February. Prior to the accident, he had won twice in January and was a runner-up in a playoff. Hogan returned to the tour on a limited basis in 1950 and won six more majors (nine total), including the Masters in 1951 and 1953. He finished fourth in 1950, in his first major back.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066734-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 Masters Tournament\nFounder and host Bobby Jones (1902\u20131971) played in his last Masters the year before; diagnosed with syringomyelia and recovering from spinal surgery, this was his first as a spectator.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066734-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 Masters Tournament, Field\nJimmy Demaret (9,10,12), Claude Harmon (9,12), Herman Keiser (9,10), Byron Nelson (2,6,9), Henry Picard (6), Gene Sarazen (2,4,6,9), Horton Smith, Craig Wood (2)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066734-0006-0000", "contents": "1949 Masters Tournament, Field\nBilly Burke, Johnny Farrell, Lawson Little (3,5), Lloyd Mangrum (9,10), Lew Worsham (10)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066734-0007-0000", "contents": "1949 Masters Tournament, Field\nJim Ferrier (9), Vic Ghezzi (9,10), Bob Hamilton (9), Johnny Revolta", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066734-0008-0000", "contents": "1949 Masters Tournament, Field\nArt Bell, Johnny Bulla (10,12), Ed Dudley (17), Ed Furgol, Fred Haas, Chick Harbert (12), Dutch Harrison, Dick Metz, Cary Middlecoff (10), Al Smith (10), Harry Todd", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066734-0009-0000", "contents": "1949 Masters Tournament, Field\nSkip Alexander, Herman Barron, Leland Gibson, Otto Greiner, Joe Kirkwood Jr., Jug McSpaden, Toney Penna, George Schneiter, Herschel Spears, Jim Turnesa, Ellsworth Vines", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066735-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Meath Senior Football Championship\nThe 1949 Meath Senior Football Championship is the 57th edition of the Meath GAA's premier club Gaelic football tournament for senior graded teams in County Meath, Ireland. The tournament consists of 9 teams. The championship applied a league format.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066735-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Meath Senior Football Championship\nThe championship had one divisional side known as North Meath, composed of top players from Intermediate and Junior club players in the district.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066735-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Meath Senior Football Championship\nThis season saw Ballivor's return to the top flight after claiming the 1948 Meath Intermediate Football Championship title. Ardcath also made their debut in the grade after claiming the 1948 J.F.C. title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066735-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Meath Senior Football Championship\nSkryne were the defending champions after they defeated Syddan in the previous year's final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066735-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 Meath Senior Football Championship\nSyddan claimed their 1st S.F.C. title after finishing top of the table. Their triumph was sealed by the defeat of North Meath on 6 November 1949 by 5-4 to 1-3 in Pairc Tailteann.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066735-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 Meath Senior Football Championship\nAt the end of the season Ardcath and Dunderry were regraded to the 1950 I.F.C. while Drumconrath Brian Boru's were regraded to the 1950 J.F.C.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066735-0006-0000", "contents": "1949 Meath Senior Football Championship, Team Changes\nThe following teams have changed division since the 1948 championship season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066735-0007-0000", "contents": "1949 Meath Senior Football Championship, League Table & Fixtures/Results\nThe two clubs with the best record enter the S.F.C. Final. Many results were unavailable in the Meath Chronicle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 72], "content_span": [73, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066736-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Meistaradeildin\n1949 Meistaradeildin was the seventh season of Meistaradeildin, the top tier of the Faroese football league system. The league was in a league format, having six teams; every team played against each other once. TB Tv\u00f8royri won its second championship in the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066737-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Memorial Cup\nThe 1949 Memorial Cup final was the 31st junior ice hockey championship of the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association. The George Richardson Memorial Trophy champions Montreal Royals of the Quebec Junior Hockey League in Eastern Canada competed against the Abbott Cup champions Brandon Wheat Kings of the Manitoba Junior Hockey League in Western Canada. In a best-of-seven series, held at Shea's Amphitheatre in Winnipeg, Manitoba and the Wheat City Arena in Brandon, Manitoba, Montreal won their 1st Memorial Cup, defeating Brandon 4 games to 3, with 1 tied game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 579]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066737-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Memorial Cup\nNews reports claimed that bookies suffered throughout this series because the Royals and Wheat Kings, were such evenly matched forces. In Game 8, it was the Royals who scored a stunning four goals in the third period to win 6\u20134 and secure Quebec's first Memorial Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066737-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Memorial Cup, Winning roster\nEric Appleby, Gordon Armstrong, Matthew Benoit, Robert Bleau, Fredrick Burchell, Mike Darling, Victor Fildes, Robert Frampton, John Hirschfeld, Gordon Knutson, Neale Langill, Peter Larocque, Tommy Manastersky, Dickie Moore, William Rattay, Donald Rose, Roland Rousseau. Coach: J. T. Millar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 33], "content_span": [34, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066738-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Memphis State Tigers football team\nThe 1949 Memphis State Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Memphis State College (now known as the University of Memphis) as an independent during the 1949 college football season. In their third season under head coach Ralph Hatley, Memphis State compiled a 9\u20131 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066739-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Men's British Open Squash Championship\nThe 1949 Open Championship was held at the Lansdowne Club in London from 22\u201327 April. Mahmoud Karim won his third consecutive title defeating  Brian Phillips in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066740-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Menarsha synagogue attack\nThe Menarsha synagogue attack took place on 5 August 1949 in the Jewish quarter of Damascus, Syria. The grenade attack claimed 12 lives.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066740-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Menarsha synagogue attack, Background\nThe security situation of the Syrian Jewish community deteriorated in the late 1930s, during a period of increased Arab nationalism, pressure for independence from the French Empire leading to Syrian independence in 1946, World War. Anti - Western and Arab nationalist fervour took on an increasingly anti-Jewish tone. Before and after the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, the Jews in Syria faced greater discrimination as the government adopted anti-Jewish measures. During this period, Jews and their property became the target of numerous attacks, including the Aleppo pogrom in 1947.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 643]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066740-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Menarsha synagogue attack, Attack\nOn Friday night, 5 August 1949, several hand grenades were thrown into the Menarsha Synagogue in Damascus that killed 12 Jews, 8 of them children, and injured about 30. The attack occurred at the time of the Lausanne Conference, when Syria and other frontline Arab states were conducting armistice talks with Israel at Lausanne, Switzerland. The armistice agreement between Israel and Syria had been signed on 20 July 1949. A simultaneous attack was also carried out at the Great Synagogue in Aleppo.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 38], "content_span": [39, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066740-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Menarsha synagogue attack, Reaction, Official condolences\nSyrian President Husni al-Za'im sent his personal representative to visit the carnage area and ordered a legal probe into it.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066740-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 Menarsha synagogue attack, Reaction, Investigation\nThe police attributed the attack to an underground movement calling itself Arab Redemption Suicide Phalange, and held numerous suspects. On 9 August, a seventeen-year-old Syrian veteran of the 1948 Arab\u2013Israeli War confessed that he and two friends were behind the attack. President al-Za'im ordered the execution of the accused, but a few days later the coup of Colonel Sami al-Hinnawi took place and al-Za'im was executed. In 1950, the suspects of the attack were acquitted due to lack of evidence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 556]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066741-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Mestaruussarja\nThe 1949 season was the nineteenth completed season of Finnish Football League Championship, known as the Mestaruussarja.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066741-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Mestaruussarja, Overview\nThe Mestaruussarja was administered by the Finnish Football Association and the competition's 1949 season was contested by 12 teams. TPS Turku won the championship and the four lowest placed teams of the competition, HIFK Helsinki, HJK Helsinki, HPS Helsinki and TuTo Turku, were relegated to the Suomensarja.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 29], "content_span": [30, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066742-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Mexican legislative election\nLegislative elections were held in Mexico on 3 July 1949. The Institutional Revolutionary Party won 142 of the 147 seats in the Chamber of Deputies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066743-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Mexicana DC-3 crash\nThe 1949 Mexicana DC-3 crash was an aviation accident which took place on September 26, 1949, when a Mexicana de Aviacion Douglas DC-3 aircraft, registered as XA-DUH, en route to Benito Juarez International Airport in Mexico City, Mexico from Tapachula during a flight that had originated in Tuxtla Gutierrez with intermediary stops in Ixtepec and Oaxaca, crashed into the Popocatepetl volcano, killing all 23 people on board, including its pilot, co-pilot and flight attendant as well as actress Blanca Estela Pavon and senator Gabriel Ramos Millan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 575]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066743-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Mexicana DC-3 crash, Accident\nThe DC-3 left Tapachula at 12:40 local time, for a one hour flight. According to investigations, the DC-3 flying the route that day faced severe turbulence as it arrived over Mexico City. The  pilot communicated with an air force base, telling them they were near the volcano.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066743-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Mexicana DC-3 crash, Other information\nThe famous Mexican writer and later politician, Andr\u00e9s Henestrosa, was supposed to be on the flight with his friend, senator Ramos Millan. Henestrosa had a premonition and he boarded a train to Mexico City instead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 43], "content_span": [44, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066744-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Miami Hurricanes football team\nThe 1949 Miami Hurricanes football team represented the University of Miami as an independent during the 1949 college football season. Led by second-year head coach Andy Gustafson, the Hurricanes played their home games at Burdine Stadium in Miami, Florida. Miami finished the season 6\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066745-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Miami Redskins football team\nThe 1949 Miami Redskins football team was an American football team that represented Miami University during the 1949 college football season. In their first season under head coach Woody Hayes, the Redskins compiled a 5\u20134 record and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 251 to 163. Bo Schembechler played at the tackle position on the team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066746-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Michigan State Normal Hurons football team\nThe 1949 Michigan State Normal Hurons football team represented Michigan State Normal College (later renamed Eastern Michigan University) during the 1949 college football season. In their first season under head coach Harry Ockerman, the Hurons compiled a 0\u20138 record and were outscored by their opponents, 180 to 61. Jack B. VanWagoner and Theodore D. Bott were the team captains.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066746-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Michigan State Normal Hurons football team\nOckerman was hired as the school's head football coach in August 1949. He had played football, basketball and baseball at the school from 1924 to 1927. He replaced Elton Rynearson who had been the school's head football coach for more than 25 years. Rynearson continued to serve as the school's athletic director.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066747-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Michigan State Spartans football team\nThe 1949 Michigan State Spartans football team represented Michigan State College in the 1949 college football season. In their third season under head coach Biggie Munn, the Spartans compiled a 6\u20133 record and were ranked #19 in the final AP Poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066747-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Michigan State Spartans football team\nAfter the University of Chicago formally withdrew from the Big Ten Conference in 1946, conference officials began considering other schools to fill the vacancy. In December 1948, conference officials voted unanimously to admit Michigan State College, selecting the Spartans over a competing bid from the University of Pittsburgh. The decision was certified in May 1949, with Spartans' participation slated to begin in the fall of 1950 with the exception of football where their participation was delayed until 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 558]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066747-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Michigan State Spartans football team\nTwo Spartans received first-team honors on the 1949 College Football All-America Team. Guard Ed Bagdon was a consensus first-team All-American, and halfback Lynn Chandnois received first-team honors from the International News Service and Collier's Weekly, and second-team honors from the United Press and Football Writers Association of America.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066747-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Michigan State Spartans football team\nThe 1949 Spartans lost their annual rivalry games against Notre Dame by a 34 to 21 score and against Michigan by a 7 to 3 score.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066747-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 Michigan State Spartans football team\nIn intersectional play, the Spartans beat Maryland (14-7), William & Mary (42-13), Penn State (24-0), Temple (62-14), and Arizona (75-0), but lost to Oregon State (25-20).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066748-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Michigan Wolverines football team\nThe 1949 Michigan Wolverines football team represented the University of Michigan in the 1949 Big Nine Conference football season. In their second season under head coach Bennie Oosterbaan, the Wolverines compiled a 6\u20132\u20131 record (4\u20131\u20131 against conference opponents), tied with Ohio State for the Big Ten Conference championship, were ranked No. 7 in the final AP Poll, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 135 to 85. On October 8, 1949, the Wolverines had their 25-game winning streak broken in 21\u20137 loss to Army.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 566]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066748-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Michigan Wolverines football team\nOn offense, the 1949 team averaged 12.3 points, 176.8 rushing yards, 94.9 passing yards, and 272.3 yards of total offense per game. In rushing yards per carry, the team averaged only 4.3 yards per carry, the lowest season average in team history, reaching a low against Army with only 0.7 yards per rushing attempt against (the second lowest single-game average in team history). Chuck Ortmann led the team with 956 yards of total offense, including 627 passing yards. Ortmann also rushed for 115 yards on 16 carries against Minnesota. Other statistical leaders on offense included Don Dufek with 392 rushing yards and 30 points scored and Harry Allis with 23 receptions for 338 yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 724]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066748-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Michigan Wolverines football team\nOn defense, the team allowed an average of 9.4 points, 116.4 rushing yards, 98.7 passing yards, and 215.1 yards of total offense per game. Chuck Lentz set a Michigan school record with nine interceptions in 1949. His record was broken by Tom Curtis in 1968. The defense as a whole recorded 25 interceptions, tied for second best in school history. Michigan allowed zero first downs by rushing in its game against Indiana.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066748-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Michigan Wolverines football team\nTackles Alvin Wistert and Robert Wahl received first-team All-America honors. Wistert, Lloyd Heneveld, and Chuck Ortmann received first-team All-Big Nine honors. Dick Kempthorn, who contributed at fullback and linebacker, was selected as the team's most valuable player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066748-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 Michigan Wolverines football team\nThe team played its home games at Michigan Stadium in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Prior to the 1949 season, Michigan replaced the stadium's wooden bleachers with permanent steel stands and increased the seating capacity to 97,239. Michigan led the NCAA in 1949 with average home attendance of 93,894 (563,363 in six games).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066748-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Pre-season\nThe 1948 Michigan team finished undefeated and untied with a 9\u20130 record and entered the 1949 season with a 23-game winning streak dating back to October 29, 1946. Several key players from the 1948 team were lost to graduation, including All-American end Dick Rifenberg, All-American quarterback Pete Elliott, center Dan Dworsky, guard Dominic Tomasi, and halfback Gene Derricotte. Finding a quarterback to replace Elliott and rebuilding the offensive line were rated as Michigan's biggest challenges in the 1949 pre-season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 590]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066748-0006-0000", "contents": "1949 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Pre-season\nKey players returning from the 1948 team were All-American tackle Alvin Wistert, halfback Chuck Ortmann, fullback Don Dufek, linebacker Dick Kempthorn, and tackle Robert Wahl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066748-0007-0000", "contents": "1949 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Michigan State\nOn September 24, Michigan opened its season with a 7\u20133 victory over Michigan State. The game was the first in the newly expanded Michigan Stadium and drew a record crowd of 97,239 persons. Michigan State recovered a Dick Kempthorn fumble early in the first quarter and took a 3\u20130 lead on a field goal by George Smith from the 18-yard line. Lloyd Heneveld recovered a fumble for Michigan at the end of the first quarter at the Michigan State 25-yard line. Four plays later, early in the second quarter, sophomore Bill Putich came off the bench for his collegiate debut on fourth down; he threw a 10-yard touchdown pass to Irv Wisniewski, and Harry Allis kicked the extra point.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 70], "content_span": [71, 747]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066748-0008-0000", "contents": "1949 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Michigan State\nThe Wolverines held the Spartans to 92 rushing yards and 85 passing yards and intercepted as many passes (four) as the Spartans completed. On offense, the Wolverines turned the ball over four times (three times on fumbles, once on an interception) and tallied only 89 rushing yards and 115 passing yards. Michigan State halfback Lynn Chandnois gained acclaim for his efforts on both offense and defense, playing all 60 minutes of the game. Spartan guard Ed Bagdon, winner of the 1949 Outland Trophy, also played more than 55 minutes, as did Don Coleman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 70], "content_span": [71, 624]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066748-0009-0000", "contents": "1949 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Stanford\nFor its second game, Michigan traveled to Palo Alto, California, defeating Stanford by a 27\u20137 score before 87,123 spectators at Stanford Stadium. Stanford had outscored its first two opponents, San Jose and Harvard, by a combined 93 to 0. The victory extended Michigan's winning streak to 25 games, dating back to the 1946 season. On offense, Michigan totaled 286 rushing yards and 98 passing yards. Chuck Ortmann completed 5 of 16 passes for 81 yards and also rushed for 63 yards. Leo Koceski rushed for 90 yards and 12 carries and scored two touchdowns. Don Dufek, and Dick Kempthorn also scored touchdowns, and Harry Allis kicked three extra points. On defense, Michigan held Stanford to 116 rushing yards and 110 passing yards and forced six turnovers (three on interceptions and three on fumbles).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 67], "content_span": [68, 870]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066748-0010-0000", "contents": "1949 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Stanford\nAfter its victory over Stanford, Michigan was ranked No. 1 in the weekly AP Poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 67], "content_span": [68, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066748-0011-0000", "contents": "1949 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Army\nOn October 8, No. 1 Michigan's 25-game winning streak ended with a 21\u20137 loss to Army (ranked No. 7 in the weekly AP Poll) before a capacity crowd of 97,239 at Michigan Stadium. Army extended its own win streak to 14 games. On Michigan's second play from scrimmage, Chuck Ortmann, who had set the conference passing record in 1948, was kicked in the head, suffered a concussion, and was carried off the field on a stretcher. Without Ortmann to lead the passing game, Michigan completed only three of 23 passes for 16 yards and gave up four interceptions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 60], "content_span": [61, 614]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066748-0011-0001", "contents": "1949 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Army\nWith Michigan's passing game rendered ineffective, Army played six men on the line in an effort to neutralize Michigan's running game. Don Dufek scored Michigan's lone touchdown in the fourth quarter, and Harry Allis kicked the extra point. Later in the fourth quarter, with Army ahead 14\u20137, Michigan drove to Army's 16-yard line, but Michigan's Charley Lentz threw an interception into the end zone to end the threat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 60], "content_span": [61, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066748-0012-0000", "contents": "1949 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Northwestern\nOn October 15, Michigan lost its second consecutive game, falling by a 21\u201320 score to Northwestern before a crowd of 54,816 at Dyche Stadium in Evanston, Illinois. Michigan entered the game as a 13-point favorite. Both teams scored three touchdowns, and the difference was a missed extra point. Harry Allis converted on the first and third extra points, but his kick after Michigan's second touchdown went wide to the right. The win ended Michigan's 15-game winning streak against Big Ten Conference opponents, dating back to 1946.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 71], "content_span": [72, 603]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066748-0012-0001", "contents": "1949 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Northwestern\nIt was also the first time since 1939 that Michigan had lost back-to-back contests; the first victory for Northwestern over Michigan since 1937; and Michigan's first one-point loss since 1940. Michigan dominated the game statistically with 17 first downs to eight for Northwestern, and 215 rushing yards to 159 for Northwestern.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 71], "content_span": [72, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066748-0013-0000", "contents": "1949 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Minnesota\nOn October 22, Michigan (ranked No. 12 in the weekly AP Poll) upset undefeated Minnesota (ranked No. 3) by a 14\u20137 score before a capacity crowd of 97,239 at Michigan Stadium. Michigan was a two-touchdown underdog before the game. The Detroit Free Press credited \"a heroic one-man show\" from Chuck Ortmann for the victory. Ortmann accounted for 207 of Michigan's 228 yards. Ortmann ran for Michigan's first touchdown in the first quarter, and Wally Teninga followed with a rushing touchdown as time ran out in the second quarter to give Michigan a 14-0 lead at halftime.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 65], "content_span": [66, 635]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066748-0013-0001", "contents": "1949 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Minnesota\nHarry Allis kicked both extra points. Michigan's scoring was limited by six turnovers, four on fumbles and two on interceptions. On defense, Michigan held Minnesota to 67 rushing yards (only four yards in the first half) and 77 passing yards. Chuck Lentz intercepted three Minnesota passes in the game. Minnesota's lone touchdown was scored off a blocked punt in the third quarter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 65], "content_span": [66, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066748-0014-0000", "contents": "1949 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Illinois\nOn October 29, Michigan (ranked No. 6 in the weekly AP Poll) shut out Illinois, 13-0, before a crowd of 71,119 in Champaign. Illinois legends Red Grange and Robert Zuppke were on hand as the Illini celebrated Robert Zuppke Day and the 25th anniversary of the dedication of Memorial Stadium. Michigan gained 118 rushing yards and 145 passing yards and scored in the second quarter on a 51-yard touchdown pass from Chuck Ortmann to Harry Allis and in the third quarter on a short run by Don Peterson. Allis was successful on one of his two extra point kicks. Wally Teninga received praise for his performance, including a 61-yard punt from his own end zone and forcing an Illinois fumble at the Michigan two-yard line and then recovering the fumble. Johnny Karras gained 122 yards on 23 carries for Illinois, but Michigan's defense held the Illini scoreless.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 67], "content_span": [68, 924]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066748-0015-0000", "contents": "1949 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Purdue\nOn November 5, Michigan (ranked No. 5 in the weekly AP Poll) defeated Purdue by a 20\u201312 score before a crowd of 95,207 at Michigan Stadium. Michigan took a 7\u20130 lead on a short run by Don Dufek late in the first quarter. The teams then scored three touchdowns in a span of 90 seconds at the end of the second quarter. Purdue scored a touchdown but missed the extra point kick. Chuck Ortmann returned the ensuing kickoff 83 yards to the Purdue nine-yard line, and Michigan scored on nine-yard run off a reverse by Don Peterson. A short time later, Michigan's Chuck Lentz intercepted a Ken Gorgal pass near midfield and returned it to the Purdue 12-yard line. Bill Putich then threw a 12-yard touchdown pass to Harry Allis. Allis was successful on two of three extra point kicks, and Michigan led 20\u20136 at halftime.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 62], "content_span": [63, 874]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066748-0016-0000", "contents": "1949 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Indiana\nOn November 12, Michigan (ranked No. 5 in the weekly AP Poll) defeated Indiana by a 20\u20137 score before a crowd of 79,200 at Michigan Stadium. The game was tied at 7\u20137 at halftime as the teams traded touchdowns in the second quarter \u2013 a one-yard scoring run by Michigan's Wally Teninga followed by a seven-yard touchdown by Indiana quarterback Nick Sebek. Michigan then took the lead with two touchdowns in the third quarter \u2013 a six-yard touchdown run on a reverse by Robert Van Summern and a 12-yard touchdown pass from Chuck Ortmann to Don Peterson. Ortmann completed 10 of 19 passes for 160 yards, and Don Dufek rushed for 83 yards on 22 carries. Harry Allis was successful on two of three extra point kicks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 63], "content_span": [64, 773]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066748-0017-0000", "contents": "1949 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Ohio State\nOn November 19, Michigan (ranked No. 5) and Ohio State (ranked No. 7) played to a 7\u20137 tie before a capacity crowd of 97,239 at Michigan Stadium. With the tie, Michigan and Ohio State shared the 1949 Big Nine Conference championship. Michigan took a 7\u20130 lead in the first quarter on a 10-yard pass from Wally Teninga to Leo Koceski, and Harry Allis kicked the extra point. Ohio State scored its touchdown in the fourth quarter on a one-yard run by fullback Fred \"Curly\" Morrison. Jimmy Hague's extra point attempt went wide, but the officials ruled that Michigan end Ozzie Clark was offside. Hague split the uprights with his second attempt, and the game ended in a tie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 736]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066748-0018-0000", "contents": "1949 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Post-season honors and developments\nAt the end of November the Associated Press (AP) released its final poll with unbeaten Notre Dame rated as the national champion. Michigan was rated at No. 7 . The AP also analyzed the top programs' strength of schedule. With three opponents ranked among the top 10 in its final polling (Ohio State, Minnesota, and Army), the AP rated Michigan as having played the toughest schedule in 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 91], "content_span": [92, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066748-0019-0000", "contents": "1949 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Post-season honors and developments\nOn November 24, the Michigan players selected fullback/linebacker Dick Kempthorn as the team's most valuable player. The United Press described him as \"one of the top linebackers in Michigan history\", citing his \"keen analysis\" and \"vicious tackling\". Don Dufek received the Meyer Morton Award.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 91], "content_span": [92, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066748-0020-0000", "contents": "1949 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Post-season honors and developments\nFour Michigan players received first- or second-team All-America honors as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 91], "content_span": [92, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066748-0021-0000", "contents": "1949 Michigan Wolverines football team, Players, Letter winners\nThe following players won varsity letters for their participation on the 1949 Michigan football team. Players who started at least four games are shown in bold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 63], "content_span": [64, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066749-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Milan\u2013San Remo\nThe 1949 Milan\u2013San Remo was the 40th edition of the Milan\u2013San Remo cycle race and was held on 19 March 1949. The race started in Milan and finished in San Remo. The race was won by Fausto Coppi of the Bianchi\u2013Ursus team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066750-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team\nThe 1949 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team represented the University of Minnesota in the 1949 Big Nine Conference football season. In their 15th year under head coach Bernie Bierman, the Golden Gophers compiled a 7\u20132 record and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 231 to 80.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066750-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team\nTackle Leo Nomellini was named an All-American by Walter Camp Football Foundation, Associated Press (AP), Look Magazine, and the American Football Coaches Association (AFCA). Center Clayton Tonnemaker was named an All-American by Walter Camp Football Foundation, AP, Collier's/Grantland Rice, Look Magazine, Football Writers Association of America and the AFCA. Nomellini, Tonnemaker and end Bud Grant were named All-Big Ten first team. Guard John Lundin was named All-Big Ten second team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066750-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team\nBud Grant, end, and John Lundin, guard, were awarded the Team MVP Awards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066750-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team\nTotal attendance for the season was 305,200, which averaged to 61,040. The season high for attendance was against Wisconsin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066751-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Mississippi Southern Southerners football team\nThe 1949 Mississippi Southern Southerners football team was an American football team that represented Mississippi Southern College (now known as the University of Southern Mississippi) as a member of the Gulf States Conference during the 1949 college football season. In their first year under head coach Thad Vann, the team compiled a 7\u20133 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066752-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Mississippi State Maroons football team\nThe 1949 Mississippi State Maroons football team represented Mississippi State College as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) during the 1949 college football season. In their first season under new head coach Arthur Morton, the Maroons compiled an overall record of 0\u20138\u20131 and finished last of 12 teams in the SEC with a conference mark of  0\u20136. Mississippi State failed to score more than seven points in any game all season. They played their home games at Scott Field", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066753-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Missouri Tigers football team\nThe 1949 Missouri Tigers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Missouri in the Big Seven Conference (Big 7) during the 1949 college football season. The team compiled a 7\u20134 record (5\u20131 against Big 7 opponents), finished in second place in the Big 7, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 264 to 225. Don Faurot was the head coach for the 12th of 19 seasons. The team played its home games at Memorial Stadium in Columbia, Missouri.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066753-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Missouri Tigers football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Dick Braznell with 766 rushing yards and 1,128 yards of total offense, Phil Klein with 808 passing yards, Gene Ackerman with 621 receiving yards, and John Glorioso with 77 points scored.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066754-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Montana Grizzlies football team\nThe 1949 Montana Grizzlies football team represented the University of Montana in the 1949 college football season as a member of the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC). The Grizzlies were led by first-year head coach Ted Shipkey, played their home games on campus at Dornblaser Field in Missoula and finished with a record of five wins and four losses (5\u20134, 0\u20133 PCC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066755-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Montana State Bobcats football team\nThe 1949 Montana State Bobcats football team was an American football team that represented Montana State University in the Rocky Mountain Conference (RMC) during the 1949 college football season. In its fourth and final season under head coach Clyde Carpenter, the team compiled a 2\u20135 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066756-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Monte Carlo Rally\nThe 1949 Monte Carlo Rally was the 19th Rallye Automobile de Monte-Carlo, the first since the end of the Second World War. It was won by Jean Tr\u00e9voux.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066757-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Montreal Alouettes season\nThe 1949 Montreal Alouettes finished the season in 2nd place in the Interprovincial Rugby Football Union with an 8\u20134 record and won the Grey Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066758-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Morgan State Bears football team\nThe 1949 Morgan State Bears football team was an American football team that represented Morgan State College in the Colored Intercollegiate Athletic Association (CIAA) during the 1949 college football season. In their 20th season under head coach Edward P. Hurt, the Bears compiled an 8\u20130 record, won the CIAA championship, shut out four of eight opponents, and outscored all opponents by a total of 226 to 33. The Bears were recognized by the Pittsburgh Courier, using the Dickinson Rating System, as the 1949 black college national champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 582]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066759-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 NAFC Championship\nThe 1949 NAFC Championship was the second edition of the association football championship for the North American Football Confederation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066759-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 NAFC Championship\nIn 1949, the NAFC Championship served both as a regional championship as well as the regional qualification tournament for the 1950 FIFA World Cup and was held in Mexico City. Four teams were invited, Cuba, Mexico, Canada and the United States, but Canada did not send a team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066759-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 NAFC Championship\nMexico easily topped the standings, going undefeated and outscoring the two other teams seventeen goals to two. The United States came in second and Cuba, winless in its four games, was third. As the top two teams qualified for the World Cup, Mexico and the U.S. went to the finals in Brazil.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066759-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 NAFC Championship, Results\nMexico: Ra\u00fal C\u00f3rdoba, Felipe Zetter, Carlos Laviada (captain), Jos\u00e9 Antonio Roca, Mario Ochoa, H\u00e9ctor Ort\u00edz, Antonio Flores, Luis Luna, Horacio Casar\u00edn, Luis de la Fuente, Carlos Septi\u00e9n", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 31], "content_span": [32, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066759-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 NAFC Championship, Results\nUnited States: Frank Borghi, Ben Wattman, Manuel Martin, Walter Bahr, Charlie Colombo, Bill Sheppell, Frank Wallace, Jack Hynes, Pete Matevich, John Souza, Benny McLaughlin", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 31], "content_span": [32, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066759-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 NAFC Championship, Results\nMexico: Ra\u00fal C\u00f3rdoba, Jorge Romo, Carlos Laviada (captain), Jos\u00e9 Antonio Roca, Mario Ochoa, H\u00e9ctor Ort\u00edz, Antonio Flores, Luis Luna, Horacio Casar\u00edn, Luis de la Fuente, Carlos Septi\u00e9n", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 31], "content_span": [32, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066759-0006-0000", "contents": "1949 NAFC Championship, Results\nCuba: Arozamena, Barqu\u00edn, Llerandi, Ovide, J.Minsal, Torrent, Veiga, Fano, G\u00f3mez, Torres, Brios, Granado", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 31], "content_span": [32, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066759-0007-0000", "contents": "1949 NAFC Championship, Results\nCuba: Rolando Aguilar, Jacinto Barquin, Bernardo Llerandi, Jos\u00e9 Minsal, Marcelino Minsal, Francisco Torrent, Clerch, Jos\u00e9 G\u00f3mez, Ricardo Torres, Vicente P\u00e9rez, Manuel Briso, A. Granado", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 31], "content_span": [32, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066759-0008-0000", "contents": "1949 NAFC Championship, Results\nUnited States: Frank Borghi, Harry Keough, Manuel Martin, Bill Sheppell, Charlie Colombo, Walter Bahr, Frank Wallace, Jack Hynes, Pete Matevich, John Souza, Benny McLaughlin", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 31], "content_span": [32, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066759-0009-0000", "contents": "1949 NAFC Championship, Results\nMexico: Melesio Osnaya, Jorge Romo, Carlos Laviada (captain), H\u00e9ctor Ort\u00edz, Mario Ochoa, Jos\u00e9 Antonio Roca, Antonio Flores, Francisco Hern\u00e1ndez, Horacio Casar\u00edn, Luis de la Fuente, Carlos Septi\u00e9n", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 31], "content_span": [32, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066759-0010-0000", "contents": "1949 NAFC Championship, Results\nUnited States: Frank Borghi, Harry Keough, Manuel Martin, Bill Sheppell, Charlie Colombo, Walter Bahr, Frank Wallace, Jack Hynes, Ben Wattman, John Souza, Benny McLaughlin", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 31], "content_span": [32, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066759-0011-0000", "contents": "1949 NAFC Championship, Results\nUnited States: Frank Borghi, Harry Keough, Manuel Martin, Bill Sheppell, Charlie Colombo, Walter Bahr, Frank Wallace, Jack Hynes, Pete Matevich, John Souza, Benny McLaughlin", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 31], "content_span": [32, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066759-0012-0000", "contents": "1949 NAFC Championship, Results\nCuba: Pedro Arosemana (Rolando Aguilar 40'), Jacinto Barquin, Bernardo Llerandi, Jos\u00e9 Ovide, Jos\u00e9 Minsal, Francisco Torrent, Santiago Veiga, Jos\u00e9 G\u00f3mez, Ricardo Torres, Angel Valdes, Manuel Brioso, Armando Granado", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 31], "content_span": [32, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066759-0013-0000", "contents": "1949 NAFC Championship, Results\nMexico: Melesio Osnaya, Felipe Zetter, Gregorio \"Tepa\" G\u00f3mez, Alfonso Montemayor (captain), Samuel Cuburu, Ra\u00fal Varela, Antonio Flores, Jos\u00e9 Naranjo, Mario \"Flaco\" P\u00e9rez, Luis V\u00e1zquez, Enrique Sesma", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 31], "content_span": [32, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066759-0014-0000", "contents": "1949 NAFC Championship, Results\nCuba: Aguilar, Barqu\u00edn, Llerandi, Ovide, J.Minsal, Torrent, Veiga, P\u00e9rez, G\u00f3mez, Torres, Vald\u00e9s, Granado, Fano", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 31], "content_span": [32, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066760-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 NAIA Men's Basketball Tournament\nThe 1949 NAIA Men's Basketball Tournament was held in March at Municipal Auditorium in Kansas City, Missouri. The 12th annual NAIA basketball tournament featured 32 teams playing in a single-elimination format. The championship game featured Hamline University defeating Regis College 57 to 46. Hamline's championship win would make them the first team to win 2 non-consecutive tournaments (1942, and 1949). Regis University in their first tournament appearance would finish as the National Runner-Up, but it would be the highest finish Regis would ever see of the 5 tournament appearances. Regis would make it back to the NAIA Semifinals in 1951, only to finish in 4th place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 714]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066760-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 NAIA Men's Basketball Tournament, Awards and honors\nMany of the records set by the 1949 tournament have been broken, and many of the awards were established much later:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 56], "content_span": [57, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066760-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 NAIA Men's Basketball Tournament, 1949 NAIA bracket, 3rd place game\nThe third place game featured the losing teams from the national semifinalist to determine 3rd and 4th places in the tournament. This game was played until 1988.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 72], "content_span": [73, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066761-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 NASCAR Strictly Stock Series\nThe 1949 NASCAR Strictly Stock season was the inaugural season of professional stock car racing in the United States. Beginning at Charlotte Speedway on June 19, 1949, the season included eight races and two exhibition races. The season concluded with the Wilkes 200 at North Wilkesboro Speedway on October 16. Raymond Parks won the Owners' Championship, while Red Byron won the Drivers' Championship with a 16th-place finish at the final race of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066761-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 NASCAR Strictly Stock Series, Race summaries, 1949\u201301\nThe very first NASCAR Strictly Stock race was held June 19 at Charlotte Speedway, a 3/4 mile dirt track in Charlotte, North Carolina owned by Carl C. Allison on Little Rock Rd.. Bob Flock won the pole. Glenn Dunaway was declared the original winner, although a post-race inspection revealed that his car was fitted with illegal springs, causing NASCAR to disqualify him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066761-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 NASCAR Strictly Stock Series, Race summaries, 1949\u201302\nThe second race of the Strictly Stock season was held July 10 at the Daytona Beach Road Course. Gober Sosebee won the pole. Sosebee led the first 34 laps and was passed by Red Byron after he got sideways in the north turn with six laps remaining. Byron won the 166-mile NASCAR Strictly Stock race on the sands of the 4.15-mile Daytona Beach and Road Course. There were 21 of the 28 starters running at the finish. Byron won the caution free race with an average speed of 80.883\u00a0mph and won with a gap of 1:51 lead over second-place finisher Tim Flock.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 610]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066761-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 NASCAR Strictly Stock Series, Race summaries, 1949\u201302\nThree female drivers, Sara Christian, Louise Smith, and Ethel Mobley, started the race. Mobley was the highest finishers of the female drivers, finishing in 11th place with her Cadillac. Christian in her Ford finished 18th, while Smith finished 20th after flipping her car early in the race. Pre -race favorites Curtis Turner, Bob Flock and Glenn Dunaway all failed to make it to the finish.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 450]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066761-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 NASCAR Strictly Stock Series, Race summaries, 1949\u201302\nThis race took two hours, three minutes and 15 seconds to complete 40 laps. The lead was swapped twice by Sosebee and Byron. Dunaway finished last in this race, which, along with his disqualification at Charlotte, means that Dunaway finished last in the first two races in the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066761-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 NASCAR Strictly Stock Series, Race summaries, 1949\u201303\nThe third race of the Strictly Stock season was held August 7 at Occoneechee Speedway. Jimmy Thompson won the pole. Bob Flock scored his first win of the season in the 200-mile Strictly Stock race at Hillsboro's Occoneechee Speedway, giving Oldsmobile its second straight victory. Flock won the race with a gap of 42 seconds from runner-up Gober Sosebee to collect the $2,000.00 first prize. Third place went to Glenn Dunnaway, Fonty Flock took fourth, and Bill Snowden fifth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 535]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066761-0006-0000", "contents": "1949 NASCAR Strictly Stock Series, Race summaries, 1949\u201303\nTim Flock was pressuring brother Bob in the late stages, but a broken right-front spindle sent his Oldsmobile to the sidelines with ten laps to go. The younger Flock got credit for seventh in the final rundown. The race was marred by a five-car crash triggered by Sara Christian. Christian spun her Ford after losing the right front wheel in the 38th lap and as she tried to steer her car toward the pit area on the next lap, Felix Wilkes' Lincoln collided with her.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066761-0006-0001", "contents": "1949 NASCAR Strictly Stock Series, Race summaries, 1949\u201303\nRed Byron, the point leader in the Strictly Stock series, collided with Wilkes's car as he exited turn four. Bob Smith's Olds also crashed in a solo crash. There were no drivers injured in the crash. A crowd of 18,000 watched as Flock averaged 76.8\u00a0mph on the low-banked, one-mile dirt oval.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066761-0007-0000", "contents": "1949 NASCAR Strictly Stock Series, Race summaries, 1949\u201304\nThe fourth race of the Strictly Stock season was held September 11 at Langhorne Speedway. Red Byron won the pole. Curtis Turner, the \"Blond Blizzard\" out of Roanoke, Virginia, out dueled Bob Flock and came home first in the celebrated 200-mile Strictly Stock race at the famed circular Langhorne Speedway before 20,000 spectators. Sara Christian, leading female driver out of Atlanta, finished sixth in a sterling performance. Her effort in the grueling 200-lapper prompted race officials to escort her to victory lane to join winner Turner in the ceremonies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 618]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066761-0007-0001", "contents": "1949 NASCAR Strictly Stock Series, Race summaries, 1949\u201304\nTurner drove his Oldsmobile into the lead in the 141st lap when Bob Flock went to the pits for a tire change. Turner led the rest of the way to pocket the $2,250.00 first prize. Flock scampered out of the pits and finished second, 20 seconds behind the winner. Third place went to point leader Red Byron as Oldsmobiles finished 1\u20132\u20133. Frank Mundy and Bill Blair rounded out the top five, both driving Cadillacs. Forty-five new Strictly Stock automobiles went to the starting post, the most cars to start a race in the 1949 season. Turner averaged 69.403\u00a0mph.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 617]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066761-0007-0002", "contents": "1949 NASCAR Strictly Stock Series, Race summaries, 1949\u201304\nByron and Sosebee earned the front row starting positions in qualifying. Fonty Flock, however, registered the fastest time in \"Speed Trials\" with an 80.140 fast lap. Fonty challenged Byron and Sosebee at the start, but the engine in his Buick blew after three laps. Sosebee struggled with tire problems and wound up 19th. Len Brown drove a 1947 Ford Convertible in the 200-mile championship chase\u2014the first person to drive an open-top vehicle on the premier NASCAR Stock car tour. Brown managed to come home 28th\u2014earning $25.00 for his day of work. Accidents took out Pepper Cunningham, Walter Minx and Chick DiNatale. Tim Flock was a contender for victory until sidelined by a lost wheel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 748]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066761-0008-0000", "contents": "1949 NASCAR Strictly Stock Series, Race summaries, 1949\u201305\nThe fifth race of the Strictly Stock season was held September 18 at Hamburg Speedway. Young Jack White drove a Lincoln to victory in the 100-mile Strictly Stock race at Hamburg Speedway in an event dominated by Northern drivers. White sailed into the lead when erstwhile leader Glenn Dunaway lost a wheel on his Olds, forcing him out of the race in the 134th lap. With Dunaway out of the way, White was able to hold off Ray Erickson to take the $1,500.00 top prize. Billy Rafter wound up third, Mike Eagen was fourth and Bill Rexford took fifth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 605]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066761-0008-0001", "contents": "1949 NASCAR Strictly Stock Series, Race summaries, 1949\u201305\nDunaway, disqualified from victory in the season opener at Charlotte in June, appeared to be headed for an easy win until his misfortune. His 134 laps completed gave him ninth in the final rundown in the field of sixteen cars. A sell-out crowd of 11,733 jammed the wooden grandstands to watch the fifth event of the year in NASCAR's new Strictly Stock division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066761-0009-0000", "contents": "1949 NASCAR Strictly Stock Series, Race summaries, 1949\u201306\nThe sixth race of the Strictly Stock season was held September 25 at Martinsville Speedway. Curtis Turner won the pole. Red Byron all but wrapped up the 1949 Strictly Stock championship with an overwhelming triumph in the 100-miler at Martinsville Speedway. The 33-year-old veteran out of Atlanta, drove his Oldsmobile into the lead on lap 104 and led the rest of the way. Finishing second, three laps behind Byron, was Lee Petty's Plymouth. Ray Erickson finished third, Clyde Minter fourth, and Bill Blair fifth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066761-0009-0001", "contents": "1949 NASCAR Strictly Stock Series, Race summaries, 1949\u201306\nPole sitter Curtis Turner led the opening 18 laps, but gave way to the hard-charging Fonty Flock, who started fourth. Flock was pacing the field when his Buick lost a right front wheel and crashed into Slick Smith's Hudson. Byron took the lead when Flock departed and was never seriously challenged the rest of the way. Turner faded after leading early and wound up ninth, 29 laps off the pace.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066761-0010-0000", "contents": "1949 NASCAR Strictly Stock Series, Race summaries, 1949\u201306\nThis race has consistently remained on the NASCAR championship calendar, although in 1956 it was changed from 200 to 400 laps after the track was paved and lengthened to 500 laps in 1957. It was known as the Old Dominion 500 until 1982 and has since undergone numerous name changes. The race is now called the Xfinity 500.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066761-0011-0000", "contents": "1949 NASCAR Strictly Stock Series, Race summaries, 1949\u201307\nThe seventh race of the Strictly Stock season was held October 2 at Heidelberg Raceway, near Pittsburgh, PA. In the first Strictly Stock event in Charlotte in June, Lee Petty entered a bulky Buick Roadmaster. The enormous automobile was fast on the straights, but it wobbled like a tank through the turns. Just past the halfway point, Petty rolled the Buick a number of times. After dismounting the mangled mass of metal, the North Carolina speedster vowed never to drive a heavy vehicle in competition again.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066761-0011-0001", "contents": "1949 NASCAR Strictly Stock Series, Race summaries, 1949\u201307\nIn the 100-mile event at Heidelberg Speedway, Petty driving his number 42 lightweight Plymouth, was five full laps ahead of his nearest competitor. \"We figured the lighter car would get through the turns better,\" said Petty. \"It would also be easier on the suspension parts. We knew we could win one with the Plymouth.\" The big triumph at Heidelberg was the largest winning margin of any NASCAR Strictly Stock race in 1949. Dick Linder's Kaiser finished second, but was in no position to challenge the fleet Petty. Bill Rexford finished third, Sam Rice's Chevrolet was fourth with relief driver Glenn Dunanway at the helm.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 681]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066761-0012-0000", "contents": "1949 NASCAR Strictly Stock Series, Race summaries, 1949\u201307\nDespite finishing 10 laps down from Petty, Sara Christian managed to finish the race in fifth place, the first time a female driver has cracked the top five in a premier NASCAR event and still to this day remains as the highest ever finish recorded by a female driver in the NASCAR Cup Series. Al Bonnell, a driver of open wheel fame, qualified for the pole with a speed of 61.475\u00a0mph. However, Bonnell's Olds was the first car out of the race, and was placed at the end of the 23 car field in the final rundown. Bonnell then relieved Don Rogalla and carried his Ford to 10th and the finish. Petty averaged 57.458\u00a0mph.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 677]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066761-0013-0000", "contents": "1949 NASCAR Strictly Stock Series, Race summaries, Wilkes 200\nThe Wilkes 200, the eighth and final race of the Strictly Stock season, was held October 16 at North Wilkesboro Speedway. Kenneth Wagner won the pole. Bob Flock took the lead in the closing stages when mechanical problems kayoed Bill Blair and edged Lee Petty to win the season finale at North Wilkesboro Speedway. It was the eighth and final point race of the year, although two additional non-point events were staged by Sam Nunis at Atlanta's Lakewood Speedway. Red Byron, finishing 16th, was crowned Strictly Stock champion in 1949 by a margin of 117.5 points over Petty.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 61], "content_span": [62, 637]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066761-0013-0001", "contents": "1949 NASCAR Strictly Stock Series, Race summaries, Wilkes 200\nBlair, wheeling Sam Rice's Cadallic, started second on the grid and jumped out to lead at the drop of the green flag. The diminutive High Point, NC star led the first 180 laps, but a souring engine robbed him once again of certain victory. Flock's Oldsmobile nipped Petty's Plymouth by a mere 100 yards in the finish. Fonty Flock, Clyde Minter and Herb Thomas rounded out the top five.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 61], "content_span": [62, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066762-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 NASCAR Strictly Stock Series inaugural race\nThe NASCAR Strictly Stock Series inaugural race was the first stock car race sanctioned by the National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing (NASCAR). Held on June 19, 1949 at the Charlotte Speedway in Charlotte, North Carolina, the race comprised 200 laps on a 0.75-mile (1.21\u00a0km) dirt oval. Bob Flock won the pole position for the race with a top speed of 67.958\u00a0mph (109.368\u00a0km/h). Glenn Dunaway initially claimed the victory in his 1947 Ford, but was later disqualified because his car had spread rear springs. The win was instead awarded to Jim Roper, driver of a 1949 Lincoln.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 632]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066762-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 NASCAR Strictly Stock Series inaugural race, Race organization\nThe race was run on the same day as competitor NSCRA, operated by NASCAR founder Bill France, Sr.'s rival Bruton Smith, held a race in Atlanta. In an attempt to attract drivers from the opposing series, France offered prize money totaling $5,000, with $2,000 going to the race winner. Attendance for the race totaled approximately 13,000, with Houston Lawing, NASCAR's publicity director, stating that over 5,000 fans were not allowed into the stands because the grandstands could not accommodate them. As a result, spectators crossed the track into the infield to watch the race, and state police had to appear to control them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 67], "content_span": [68, 696]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066762-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 NASCAR Strictly Stock Series inaugural race, Race\nPole position was held by Bob Flock, who led for the first five laps before his engine malfunctioned, and Bill Blair took the lead, which he held for 145 laps until Jim Roper took the lead on lap 151. In the end, Glenn Dunaway won, but officials had expressed suspicion over Dunaway's car remaining steady while entering the rugged turns, and it was eventually discovered that car owner Hubert Westmoreland had spread the car's rear springs, a method commonly used by bootleggers to improve handling.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 54], "content_span": [55, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066762-0002-0001", "contents": "1949 NASCAR Strictly Stock Series inaugural race, Race\nRoper, who had finished three laps down, was given the victory, while Dunaway was scored as finishing last. Fonty Flock, Red Byron, Sam Rice and Tim Flock closed out the top five, while the top ten consisted of Archie Smith, Sterling Long, Slick Smith, Curtis Turner and Jimmy Thompson. Westmoreland then sued NASCAR for $10,000, but lost after judge Johnson Jay Hayes tossed it out of court.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 54], "content_span": [55, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066763-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 NC State Wolfpack football team\nThe 1949 NC State Wolfpack football team represented North Carolina State University during the 1949 college football season. The Wolfpack were led by sixth-year head coach Beattie Feathers and played their home games at Riddick Stadium in Raleigh, North Carolina. They competed as members of the Southern Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066764-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 NCAA Baseball Tournament\nThe 1949 NCAA Baseball Tournament was the third NCAA-sanctioned baseball tournament that determined a national champion. The tournament was held as the conclusion of the 1949 NCAA baseball season. The College World Series was played at Wichita Municipal Stadium in Wichita, Kansas from June 22 to June 25. The third tournament's champion was the Texas Longhorns, coached by Bibb Falk. The Most Outstanding Player was named for the first time, with the inaugural award going to Tom Hamilton of Texas. This was the first of six championships for the Longhorns through the 2019 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 612]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066764-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 NCAA Baseball Tournament, Tournament\nThe tournament was divided into four regional brackets, Region A, Region B, Region C and Region D, with each region consisting of two teams playing a best-of-three game series. The winner of each bracket advanced to the College World Series. This was the first and only year of this format.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066764-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 NCAA Baseball Tournament, Tournament, Field\nAs in previous years, each representative of the eight districts were determined by a mix of selection committees, conference champions, and district playoffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 48], "content_span": [49, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066764-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 NCAA Baseball Tournament, College World Series\nFollowing financial losses in Kalamazoo, Michigan the previous year, the NCAA moved the tournament to Wichita for the 1949 edition. This would be the only year in Wichita, as the 1950 edition would take place in Omaha, Nebraska, as it has every year through 2019.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 51], "content_span": [52, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066765-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 NCAA Basketball Tournament\nThe 1949 NCAA Basketball Tournament involved eight schools playing in single-elimination play to determine the national champion of men's NCAA Division I college basketball. It began on March 18, 1949, and ended with the championship game on March 26 in Seattle, Washington. A total of 10 games were played, including a third place game in each region and a national third place game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066765-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 NCAA Basketball Tournament\nKentucky, coached by Adolph Rupp, won the national title with a 46\u201336 victory in the final game over Oklahoma A&M, coached by Henry Iba. Alex Groza of Kentucky was named the tournament's Most Outstanding Player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066765-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 NCAA Basketball Tournament, Locations\nThe following were the sites selected to host each round of the 1949 tournament:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 42], "content_span": [43, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066765-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 NCAA Basketball Tournament, Locations, Championship Game\nThe city of Seattle became the fourth host city, and Hec Edmundson Pavilion the fourth host venue, to host the National Championship game. The arena, on the campus of the University of Washington, broke the six-year streak of Madison Square Garden hosting the National Championship, though for only one year, as the National Championship game would move back once more in 1950. In fact, it was the only arena other than MSG or the Municipal Auditorium to host any tournament games between 1943 and 1950. It would go on to host the first true Final Four in 1952, hosting four more tournaments afterwards, before being succeeded by the Kingdome in 1984 and KeyArena in 1999.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 61], "content_span": [62, 734]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066766-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 NCAA Cross Country Championships\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Paul2520 (talk | contribs) at 18:31, 17 November 2019 (Adding short description: \"1949 cross-country running meet of the NCAA\" (Shortdesc helper)). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066766-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 NCAA Cross Country Championships\nThe 1949 NCAA Cross Country Championships were the 11th annual cross country meet to determine the team and individual national champions of men's collegiate cross country running in the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066766-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 NCAA Cross Country Championships\nSince the current multi-division format for NCAA championship did not begin until 1973, all NCAA members were eligible. In total, 18 teams and 131 individual runners contested this championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066766-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 NCAA Cross Country Championships\nThe meet was hosted by Michigan State College on November 28, 1949, at the Forest Akers East Golf Course in East Lansing, Michigan. The distance for the race was 4 miles (6.4 kilometers).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066766-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 NCAA Cross Country Championships\nThe team national championship was retained by the host Michigan State Spartans, their third. The individual championship was retained by Robert Black, from Rhode Island, with a time of 20:25.94 after setting the distance record the previous year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066767-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 NCAA Golf Championship\nThe 1949 NCAA Golf Championship was the 11th annual NCAA-sanctioned golf tournament to determine the individual and team national champions of men's collegiate golf in the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066767-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 NCAA Golf Championship\nThe tournament was held at the Veenker Memorial Golf Course at the Iowa State College in Ames, Iowa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066767-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 NCAA Golf Championship\nNorth Texas State won the team title by ten strokes, the Eagles' first NCAA team national title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066768-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 NCAA Men's Basketball All-Americans\nThe consensus 1949 College Basketball All-American team, as determined by aggregating the results of four major All-American teams. To earn \"consensus\" status, a player must win honors from a majority of the following teams: the Associated Press, Look Magazine, The United Press International, and Collier's Magazine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066769-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament\nThe 1949 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament was the culmination of the 1948\u201349 NCAA men's ice hockey season, the 2nd such tournament in NCAA history. It was held between March 17 and 19, 1949, and concluded with Boston College defeating Dartmouth 4-3. All games were played at the Broadmoor Ice Palace in Colorado Springs, Colorado.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066769-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament\nThis is the first time that a consolation game was played in an NCAA tournament. The practice would continue unabated until it was abolished after the 1989 tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066769-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament\nAll four teams selected for the tournament had played in the championship the previous season. This has only occurred one other time, in 1975, counting either all tournament entries or only the final four teams. (as of 2016)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066769-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament, Qualifying teams\nFour teams qualified for the tournament, two each from the eastern and western regions. The teams were selected by a committee based upon both their overall record and the strength of their opponents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 55], "content_span": [56, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066769-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament, Format\nThe eastern and western teams judged as better were seeded as the top regional teams. The second eastern seed was slotted to play the top western seed and vice versa. All games were played at the Broadmoor Ice Palace. All matches were Single-game eliminations with the semifinal winners advancing to the national championship game and the losers playing in a consolation game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 45], "content_span": [46, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066770-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 NCAA Swimming and Diving Championships\nThe 1949 NCAA Swimming and Diving Championships  were contested in March 1949 at the Bowman Gray Pool at the University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill, North Carolina at the 13th annual NCAA-sanctioned swim meet to determine the team and individual national champions of men's collegiate swimming and diving in the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066770-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 NCAA Swimming and Diving Championships\nAfter finishing second in 1948, Ohio State once again topped the team standings, claiming their fourth title in five years and their fifth title overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066771-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 NCAA Tennis Championships\nThe 1949 NCAA Tennis Championships were the 4th annual tournaments to determine the national champions of NCAA men's singles, doubles, and team collegiate tennis in the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066771-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 NCAA Tennis Championships\nSan Francisco captured the team championship, their first in program history. The Dons finished three points ahead of Rollins, Tulane, and Washington (7\u20134).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066771-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 NCAA Tennis Championships, Host site\nThis year's tournaments were hosted by the University of Texas at Austin in Austin, Texas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066771-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 NCAA Tennis Championships, Team scoring\nUntil 1977, the men's team championship was determined by points awarded based on individual performances in the singles and doubles events.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 44], "content_span": [45, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066772-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 NCAA Track and Field Championships\nThe 1949 NCAA Track and Field Championships were contested at the 28th annual NCAA-hosted track meet to determine the team and individual national champions of men's collegiate track and field events in the United States. This year's meet was hosted by the University of Southern California at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum in Los Angeles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066772-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 NCAA Track and Field Championships\nHosts USC claimed the team national championship, their thirteenth title (and first since winning nine consecutive titles between 1935 and 1943).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066773-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 NCAA Wrestling Championships\nThe 1949 NCAA Wrestling Championships were the 19th NCAA Wrestling Championships to be held. Colorado A&M in Fort Collins, Colorado hosted the tournament at their South College Gymnasium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066773-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 NCAA Wrestling Championships\nOklahoma A&M took home the team championship with 32 points and having two individual champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066773-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 NCAA Wrestling Championships\nCharles Hetrick of Oklahoma A&M was named the Outstanding Wrestler.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066774-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 NCAA baseball season\nThe 1949 NCAA baseball season, play of college baseball in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) began in the spring of 1949. The season progressed through the regular season and concluded with the 1949 NCAA Baseball Tournament and 1949 College World Series. The College World Series, held for the third time in 1949, consisted of four remaining teams in the NCAA Tournament and was held in Wichita, Kansas at Wichita Municipal Stadium as a double-elimination tournament. Texas claimed the championship by sweeping the four game tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 611]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066774-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 NCAA baseball season, Conference winners\nThis is a partial list of conference champions from the 1949 season. Each of the eight geographical districts chose, by various methods, the team that would represent them in the NCAA Tournament. Conference champions had to be chosen, unless all conference champions declined the bid.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 45], "content_span": [46, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066774-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 NCAA baseball season, NCAA tournament\nThe 1949 season marked the third NCAA Baseball Tournament, which consisted of eight teams divided into four regions. Each region held a three-game series to determine the four teams that advance to the College World Series, which was held in Wichita, Kansas. The four teams played a double-elimination format, with Texas sweeping the tournament and defeating Wake Forest in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 42], "content_span": [43, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066775-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 NCAA football rankings\nOne human poll comprised the 1949 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) football rankings. Unlike most sports, college football's governing body, the NCAA, does not bestow a national championship, instead that title is bestowed by one or more different polling agencies. There are two main weekly polls that begin in the preseason\u2014the AP Poll and the Coaches' Poll. The Coaches' Poll began operation in 1950; in addition, the AP Poll did not begin conducting preseason polls until that same year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 534]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066775-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 NCAA football rankings, AP Poll\nThe final AP Poll was released on November 28, at the end of the 1949 regular season, weeks before the major bowls. The AP would not release a post-bowl season final poll regularly until 1968.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 36], "content_span": [37, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066776-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 NFL Championship Game\nThe 1949 National Football League Championship Game was the 17th title game for the National Football League (NFL), played on December 18 at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum in Los Angeles, California. It is remembered for the driving rain that caused the field to become a mud pit. Its paid attendance was 27,980, with only 22,245 in the stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066776-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 NFL Championship Game\nThe game featured the Eastern Division champion Philadelphia Eagles (11\u20131), the defending NFL champions, against the Los Angeles Rams (8\u20132\u20132), winners of the Western Division. This was the first NFL title game played in the western United States. The Rams had last appeared in a title game in 1945, a victory and the franchise's final game in Cleveland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066776-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 NFL Championship Game\nThe Eagles were favored by a touchdown, and won 14\u20130 for their second consecutive shutout in the title game. Running back Steve Van Buren rushed for 196 yards on 31 carries for the Eagles and their defense held the Rams to just 21 yards on the ground.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066776-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 NFL Championship Game\nPhiladelphia head coach Earle \"Greasy\" Neale did not like to fly, so the Eagles traveled to the West Coast by train. On the way west, they stopped in Illinois for a workout at Stagg Field at the University of Chicago on Wednesday morning.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066776-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 NFL Championship Game, Officials\nThe NFL added the fifth official, the back judge, in  1947; the line judge arrived in 1965, and the side judge in 1978.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 37], "content_span": [38, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066776-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 NFL Championship Game, Players' shares\nThe Eagles players earned $1,090 each and the Rams got $789, about one-third of what was expected with fair weather. Anticipating 70,000 or more in attendance and a large payoff from the gate, the players and owners wanted to postpone the game for a week, but were overridden by Commissioner Bert Bell, reached at home in Philadelphia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 43], "content_span": [44, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066776-0006-0000", "contents": "1949 NFL Championship Game, Players' shares\nTicket prices were five dollars between the goal lines and $3.60 elsewhere.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 43], "content_span": [44, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066776-0007-0000", "contents": "1949 NFL Championship Game, Television\nThis was the first NFL game which was broadcast on television, although only on the West Coast, under the auspices of Bell. The traditional 60\u201340 player bonus for playing in a championship game was augmented by $14,000 (presently, $152,277) from the NFL. Although sources are unclear, a source writes the NFL received $20,000 (presently, $217,538) from the broadcasting rights.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066777-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 NFL Draft\nThe 1949 National Football League Draft was held on December 21, 1948, at The Bellevue-Stratford Hotel in Philadelphia. The draft was preceded by a secret  draft meeting held November 15, 1948, at the Hotel Schenley in Pittsburgh.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066778-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 NFL season\nThe 1949 NFL season was the 30th regular season of the National Football League. Prior to the season, Boston Yanks owner Ted Collins asked the league to fold his team due to financial woes, and give him a new one in New York City. This new team would be called the New York Bulldogs. The franchise, which to this day has still never missed a season in some form, carried on the legacy of the final Ohio League member Dayton Triangles, and its players and assets were moved to New York but not specifically folded. As a result of the move, professional football would not return to Boston until the Patriots began play in 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 642]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066778-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 NFL season\nAs the regular season came to a close, a merger agreement between the NFL and the All-America Football Conference was announced on December 9. Three AAFC teams joined the NFL in 1950, the Cleveland Browns, San Francisco 49ers, and Baltimore Colts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066778-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 NFL season\nThe season ended on December 18 with the NFL Championship Game. In muddy conditions, the visiting Philadelphia Eagles defeated the Los Angeles Rams 14\u20130, as heavy rain in southern California kept the attendance under 23,000 at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum. Both teams had potent offenses, but were severely limited by the poor field conditions. The management of the Eagles and Rams had favored a postponement for a week, but were overruled by commissioner Bert Bell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066778-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 NFL season, Draft\nThe 1949 NFL Draft was held on December 21, 1948 at Philadelphia's Bellevue-Stratford Hotel. With the first pick, the Philadelphia Eagles selected center Chuck Bednarik from the University of Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 22], "content_span": [23, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066778-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 NFL season, Division races\nIn the Eastern Division, Philadelphia and Pittsburgh both had records of 4\u20131\u20130 when they met in Week Six. The Eagles won 38\u20137, and kept the lead for the remainder of the season. In the Western Division, the Rams got off to a 6\u20130\u20130 start while the Bears were 3\u20133\u20130 at midseason. Though the Bears won all of their remaining games, they never caught up to the Rams, who finished at 8\u20132\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 31], "content_span": [32, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066778-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 NFL season, Division races\nHad the current (post-1972) system of counting ties as half a win and half a loss been in place in 1949, the Rams would have required a playoff with the Bears for the Western Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 31], "content_span": [32, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066778-0006-0000", "contents": "1949 NFL season, Final standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 32], "content_span": [33, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066778-0007-0000", "contents": "1949 NFL season, NFL Championship Game\nPhiladelphia 14, Los Angeles 0 at Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, Los Angeles, December 18, 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 38], "content_span": [39, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066778-0008-0000", "contents": "1949 NFL season, Stadium changes\nThe New York Bulldogs began play at the Polo Grounds, sharing it with the Giants", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 32], "content_span": [33, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066779-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 NSWRFL season\nThe 1949 New South Wales Rugby Football League premiership was the forty-second season of Sydney's top-level professional rugby league football club competition, Australia's first. Ten teams from across the city contested the premiership during the season which culminated in a grand final between St. George and South Sydney.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066779-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 NSWRFL season, Season summary\nSt. George winger Ron Roberts\u2019 25 tries during 1949 stands in third place behind Les Brennan's 29 in 1954 and Bob Lulham\u2019s 28 in 1947 for the highest number of tries by a player in a debut season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066779-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 NSWRFL season, Season summary\nThe 1949 season was also the last in the NSWRFL for future Australian Rugby League Hall of Fame inductee, Vic Hey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066779-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 NSWRFL season, Season summary, Teams\n42nd seasonGround: Leichhardt Oval Coach: Athol Smith Captain: Fred de Belin", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 41], "content_span": [42, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066779-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 NSWRFL season, Season summary, Teams\n42nd seasonGround: North Sydney OvalCoach: Harry McKinnon Captain: Frank Cottle", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 41], "content_span": [42, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066779-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 NSWRFL season, Season summary, Teams\n42nd seasonGround: Redfern OvalCoach: Dave Watson &  Jack Rayner Captain: Jack Rayner", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 41], "content_span": [42, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066779-0006-0000", "contents": "1949 NSWRFL season, Finals\nMinor premier South Sydney's loss to St. George in the finals meant that a grand final would be necessary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 26], "content_span": [27, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066779-0007-0000", "contents": "1949 NSWRFL season, Finals, Grand Final\nIn a brutal encounter, St George ran in five tries and overcame minor premiers South Sydney 19\u201312 to claim their second premiership in front of 56,532 people, the second biggest crowd of all time to witness a Sydney club match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 39], "content_span": [40, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066779-0008-0000", "contents": "1949 NSWRFL season, Finals, Grand Final\nSouths opened the scoring, with a converted try to Graves after 21 minutes. However the Dragons were led masterfully by their captain, Kangaroos five-eighth, Norman \"Johnny\" Hawke. Controlling all aspects of the match, Hawke took the game away from Souths who only got back into the contest when he was forced from the field with injury. Also injured was Saints forward George Jardine who played the match with a broken wrist.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 39], "content_span": [40, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066779-0009-0000", "contents": "1949 NSWRFL season, Finals, Grand Final\nSt. George led 11\u20135 at half time. Hawke returned to the field after treatment and was later dubbed \"Man of the Match\" and \"the Player\u2019s Player\". The Dragons' wingers, season's top try scorer Ron Roberts (25 tries) and newcomer Noel Pidding scored two tries each.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 39], "content_span": [40, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066779-0010-0000", "contents": "1949 NSWRFL season, Finals, Grand Final\nEach of the grand final winning players received a record bonus of \u00a3300 each.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 39], "content_span": [40, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066779-0011-0000", "contents": "1949 NSWRFL season, Finals, Grand Final\nSt. George 19 Tries: Roberts (2), Pidding (2), McCoyGoals: McCoy, Pidding", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 39], "content_span": [40, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066780-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 NYU Violets football team\nThe 1949 NYU Violets football team was an American football team that represented New York University as an independent during the 1949 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066780-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 NYU Violets football team\nIn their third and final season under head coach Edward \"Hook\" Mylin, the Violets compiled a 3\u20134 record and were outscored 181\u2013146.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066780-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 NYU Violets football team\nThe team played all of its games at neutral sites or as the visitor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066781-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 National Amateur Cup\nThe 1949 National Amateur Cup in soccer featured 145 entrants (71 eastern and 74 western). Elizabeth of New Jersey won their first national title by defeating the Zenthoefer Furs of St. Louis by a score of 6-1 in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066782-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 National Challenge Cup\nThe 1949 National Challenge Cup was the largest soccer tournament in the United States in 1949. The four St. Louis Soccer League teams withdrew from the competition citing \"a succession of unpleasant experiences connected with the playing of the National Challenge Cup.\" The St.L league teams were upset about financial losses totaling $2300 from the previous season's tournament. The announcement of the withdrawal came a week and a half after Brookhattan-Galicia stuck Simpkins with a $1550 airline bill following the 1948 championship game hosted by the Simpkins. The remaining St. Louis representatives were the four amateur Municipal League entrants. With the defending champions out of the running Morgan Strasser stepped in as contenders by winning their way to the final four. Despite losing the first legs in both the semifinal and final the Morgans pulled out 4-3 aggregate wins to become 1949 U.S. champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 947]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066783-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 National Invitation Tournament\nThe 1949 National Invitation Tournament was the 1949 edition of the annual NCAA college basketball competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066783-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 National Invitation Tournament, Selected teams\nBelow is a list of the 12 teams selected for the tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066784-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Nations motorcycle Grand Prix\nThe 1949 Nations Grand Prix was the fifth round of the 1949 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place at the Autodromo Nazionale Monza.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066784-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Nations motorcycle Grand Prix\nItalian rider Nello Pagani won the 500 cc race riding a Gilera from Arciso Artesiani and Bill Doran.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066784-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Nations motorcycle Grand Prix\nDespite Dario Ambrosini winning the 250 cc race, a fourth-place finish for Italian Moto Guzzi rider Bruno Ruffo was enough for him to win the 250 cc championship, the only championship in the first season with results close enough to be still in doubt at the final race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066785-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Navy Midshipmen football team\nThe 1949 Navy Midshipmen football team represented the United States Naval Academy during the 1949 college football season. In their second season under head coach George Sauer, the Midshipmen compiled a 3\u20135\u20131 record and were outscored by their opponents by a combined score of 238 to 151.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066786-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\nThe 1949 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team was the representative of the University of Nebraska and member of the Big 7 Conference in the 1949 college football season. The team was coached by Bill Glassford and played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066786-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Before the season\nStepping up to fill the role of head football coach at Nebraska, Bill Glassford was the fifth to fill the role within the same decade, a period wrought with social change and economic recovery following World War II, and in which the fortunes of Cornhusker football had taken a serious downturn. Nebraska had now put together eight straight losing seasons, prior to which the program had not ever suffered even two consecutive losing seasons. Coach Glassford held over a couple of assistants from the 1948 staff and set to work in his attempt to restore Nebraska football to prominence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 58], "content_span": [59, 645]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066786-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, South Dakota\nThe Glassford era opened with a win at memorial Stadium, though the foe was lowly South Dakota. The Coyotes had never really threatened Nebraska since their lone win in the 13-game series, from 1899. Still, as the Cornhuskers had now been struggling to succeed for years, the win was nice to get.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 69], "content_span": [70, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066786-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Minnesota\nThe university's yearbook described the Cornhuskers' style of play as \"savage\", and unlike any performances seen in Memorial Stadium for a decade. Despite the effort, Minnesota extended their domination of Nebraska yet another year, this being their tenth straight win in the series, and improved to 25-4-2 over Nebraska all-time. The Golden Gophers went on to finish the season 7-2 and ranked #8.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 66], "content_span": [67, 464]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066786-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Kansas State\nKansas State, lately a perennial easy-win game for Nebraska, failed to simply roll over as expected when Nebraska came calling in Manhattan. The contest started off suggesting a rout, as the first play of the game was a full-field 100-yard kickoff return for a touchdown to put the Cornhuskers up immediately. Thereafter, both teams struggled to make any headway until near the end of the first half, when another Cornhusker touchdown was put on the board. The Wildcats fought bravely in the second half but only came up with a single touchdown, which extended their losing streak against Nebraska to seven straight as they fell to 4-27-2 against the Cornhuskers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 69], "content_span": [70, 733]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066786-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Penn State\nNebraska and Penn State met for only their second game to date, following a 0-20 loss to the Nittany Lions from 1920. Once again in State College, Penn State defeated the Cornhuskers and owned the day except for one 82-yard Nebraska punt return. The Cornhuskers returned to Lincoln winless in both tries of the series. This was the 150th Nebraska football loss in the history of the program.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 67], "content_span": [68, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066786-0006-0000", "contents": "1949 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Oklahoma\nNebraska entered the fray with visiting Oklahoma, having won their first conference contest and still 2-2 on the season. The stadium was near capacity to see how the Cornhuskers would fare against the #4 Sooners. Undaunted, Nebraska fought Oklahoma to a first-quarter draw and seemed poised to score when an interception turned the tide. Oklahoma converted the turnover into points and then never looked back, handing the Cornhuskers a demoralizing 0-48 home field defeat. It was the worst-ever loss handed to Nebraska at Memorial Stadium, and the largest margin of defeat since a 0-54 loss to Indiana in 1944.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 65], "content_span": [66, 676]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066786-0006-0001", "contents": "1949 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Oklahoma\nIt was Oklahoma's seventh straight win over Nebraska, setting a new single-team losing streak record, formerly held by Pittsburgh when the Panthers held Nebraska down six times in a row through the 1939 season. The series lead held by the Cornhuskers slipped to 16-9-3. Oklahoma went on to take the Big 7 title, finished 10-0 on the season, and ended with a #2 ranking by the AP Poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 65], "content_span": [66, 450]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066786-0007-0000", "contents": "1949 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Missouri\nMissouri struck first with an early touchdown, but Nebraska fought back and was leading 13-7 by the half. It seemed like the Cornhuskers might have turned the corner and had victory in their grasp as they scored again and led 20-7 by the end of the 3rd quarter. The Tigers brought the battle back at Nebraska to draw within six points, and only four plays later scored again and converted the point after, which ultimately decided the outcome. Missouri had now taken five straight against the Cornhuskers, closing the series to 15-24-3. By the close of the season, Missouri managed a 7-3 record, which was good enough for a #20 ranking by the AP Poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 65], "content_span": [66, 717]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066786-0008-0000", "contents": "1949 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Kansas\nAny hope Nebraska had of taking a win from this contest was washed away by the five Cornhusker turnovers lost inside of the Kansas 13-yard line. Nebraska had started with a 7-0 lead before the blunders, fueling a hope for victory before the game got away and Kansas notched their third straight victory in the series. It was another homecoming heartbreak in Lincioln, but the Cornhuskers still held a 40-12-3 edge in the series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 63], "content_span": [64, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066786-0009-0000", "contents": "1949 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Iowa State\nIf not for a brilliant and exciting 70-yard punt return for a Nebraska touchdown in the final quarter, this contest would likely have ended in a scoreless tie. The victory was the fourth in a row for the Cornhuskers in this series, but only the third of the 1949 season. Nebraska improved to 34-8-1 over the Cyclones all-time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 67], "content_span": [68, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066786-0010-0000", "contents": "1949 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Colorado\nThe Buffaloes arrived in Lincoln to close out the conference slate for the year, facing a Nebraska team with only two victories all season. Determined to not once again settle for only two wins on the season, Nebraska fought back from an initial 0-7 deficit to pull ahead and keep the lead long enough to end the season with three victories. Nebraska now led Colorado 6-2 in their shared history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 65], "content_span": [66, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066786-0011-0000", "contents": "1949 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, After the season\nAlthough Nebraska ended with a losing record of 4-5, it marked the most wins since the 1941 season, which also ended at 4-5. The 1949 conference record of 3-3 was the first non-losing league season since 1941 as well. Coach Glassford's initial year was still seen as a success under the circumstances, but Nebraskans remained stunned by the decade of the 1940s, which had brought unprecedented disappointments to the football program. Nebraska was now 320-153-31 (.666) overall, and 123-40-11 (.739) against conference opponents. Looking ahead to 1950 and the future, it remained to be seen if Coach Glassford was the one who could bring a brighter future for Nebraska football.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 57], "content_span": [58, 736]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066787-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Netherlands Antilles general election\nGeneral elections were held in the Netherlands Antilles on 17 March 1949. This was the first parliamentary election in the Netherlands Antilles after the introduction of universal suffrage. At previous elections ten of the fifteen seats in the Estates of Cura\u00e7ao were elected, with the remaining five appointed by the governor. This time the elections were about 21 seats in the Estates of the Netherlands Antilles and no seats were appointed by the governor. The 21 elected seats consisted of eight for Cura\u00e7ao, eight for Aruba, two for Bonaire and one for each of the three SSS Islands.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 631]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066787-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Netherlands Antilles general election, Results, Cura\u00e7ao\nPopulation: 95,195 (31 December 1948)Entitled to vote: 37,688Valid votes: 30,700Invalid votes: 476Seats: 8Average valid votes per seat: 3,837.5", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 60], "content_span": [61, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066787-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Netherlands Antilles general election, Results, Aruba\nPopulation: 51,110 (31 December 1948)Entitled to vote: 12,819Valid votes: 11,107Seats: 8Average valid votes per seat: 1,388", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 58], "content_span": [59, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066787-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Netherlands Antilles general election, Results, Bonaire\nPopulation: 4,995 (31 December 1948)Entitled to vote: 2,224Valid votes: 1,752Seats: 2Average valid votes per seat: 876", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 60], "content_span": [61, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066787-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 Netherlands Antilles general election, Results, Saba\nPopulation: 1.125 (31 December 1948)Entitled to vote: 451Valid votes: 385Invalid votes: 15Seats: 1", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 57], "content_span": [58, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066787-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 Netherlands Antilles general election, Results, Sint Eustatius\nPopulation: 921 (31 December 1948)Entitled to vote: 347Valid votes: 266Invalid votes: 15Seats: 1", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 67], "content_span": [68, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066787-0006-0000", "contents": "1949 Netherlands Antilles general election, Results, Sint Maarten\nPopulation: 1,568 (31 December 1948)Entitled to vote: 578Valid votes: n.a. (only one list of candidates)Seats: 1", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 65], "content_span": [66, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066787-0007-0000", "contents": "1949 Netherlands Antilles general election, Aftermath\nThe new session of the Estates started on 18 April 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 53], "content_span": [54, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066787-0008-0000", "contents": "1949 Netherlands Antilles general election, Aftermath\nAt this election women could not only for the first time vote for the parliament, there were also female candidates. None of them however were elected. After M.F. da Costa Gomez gave up his position in the parliament to join the 'College van Algemeen Bestuur' (CAB; early stage of the Council of Ministers), De Lannoy-Elisabeth succeeded him mid 1949 and became the first female member of the parliament in the Netherlands Antilles. Plantz also joined the CAB and was succeeded by Buncamper.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 53], "content_span": [54, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066787-0009-0000", "contents": "1949 Netherlands Antilles general election, Aftermath\nKroon left the parliament and because Van der Meer turned down the opportunity to succeed him, Isa could become a member of the Estates. At the end of 1949 Arends was succeeded by Amelink and Plantz returned after Buncamper gave up his seat in the parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 53], "content_span": [54, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066788-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Nevada Wolf Pack football team\nThe 1949 Nevada Wolf Pack football team was an American football team that represented the University of Nevada as an independent during the 1949 college football season. In its third season under head coach Joe Sheeketski, the Wolf Pack compiled a 5\u20135 record and outscored opponents by a total of 235 to 212.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066788-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Nevada Wolf Pack football team, Previous season\nThe Wolf Pack finished the 1948 season 9\u20132 and lost the 1949 Harbor Bowl against Villanova by 7 to 27.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 52], "content_span": [53, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066789-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 New Hampshire Wildcats football team\nThe 1949 New Hampshire Wildcats football team was an American football team that represented the University of New Hampshire as a member of the Yankee Conference during the 1949 college football season. In its first year under head coach Clarence E. \"Chief\" Boston, the team compiled a 4\u20134 record (1\u20133 against conference opponents), scoring and allowing an equal number of points, 153. The team played its home games at Lewis Field (also known as Lewis Stadium) in Durham, New Hampshire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 529]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066789-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 New Hampshire Wildcats football team, Schedule\nAfter playing Toledo in three consecutive seasons, 1947\u20131949, the two programs did not meet again until 2011.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 51], "content_span": [52, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066790-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 New Jersey gubernatorial election\nThe 1949 New Jersey gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1949. Incumbent Republican Alfred E. Driscoll defeated Democratic nominee Elmer H. Wene with 51.54% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066790-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 New Jersey gubernatorial election\nFor the first time, the governor was elected to a four-year term, as opposed to three years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066791-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 New Mexico A&M Aggies football team\nThe 1949 New Mexico A&M Aggies football team was an American football team that represented New Mexico College of Agriculture and Mechanical Arts (now known as New Mexico State University) as a member of the Border Conference during the 1949 college football season. In their second year under head coach Vaughn Corley, the Aggies compiled a 4\u20136 record (1\u20134 against conference opponents), finished seventh in the conference, and were outscored by a total of 315 to 265. The team played its home games on Quesenberry Field.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066792-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 New Mexico Lobos football team\nThe 1949 New Mexico Lobos football team represented the University of New Mexico in the Border Conference during the 1949 college football season. In their third and final season under head coach Berl Huffman, the Lobos compiled a 2\u20138 record (1\u20136 against conference opponents), finished eighth in the Border Conference, and were outscored by opponents by a total of 307 to 98.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066793-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 New Year Honours\nThe 1949 New Year Honours were appointments by many of the Commonwealth realms of King George VI to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries. They were announced in supplements to the London Gazette of 31 December 1948 for the British Empire, New Zealand, India, and Ceylon to celebrate the past year and mark the beginning of 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066793-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 New Year Honours\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066793-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 New Year Honours, British Empire, Royal Victorian Order, Member of the Royal Victorian Order (MVO)\nAt this time the two lowest classes of the Royal Victorian Order were \"Member (fourth class)\" and \"Member (fifth class)\", both with post-nominal letters MVO. \"Member (fourth class)\" was renamed \"Lieutenant\" (LVO) from the 1985 New Year Honours onwards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 103], "content_span": [104, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066794-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 New Year Honours (New Zealand)\nThe 1949 New Year Honours in New Zealand were appointments by King George VI on the advice of the New Zealand government to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders, and to celebrate the passing of 1948 and the beginning of 1949. They were announced on 1 January 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066794-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 New Year Honours (New Zealand)\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066795-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 New York Bulldogs season\nThe 1949 New York Bulldogs season was their first season in New York in the National Football League (NFL), and the continuation of the Dayton Triangles franchise, after having played the previous five years as the Boston Yanks, and last as the Bulldogs (subsequently becoming the New York Yanks). They finished 1\u201310\u20131, last place in the Eastern Division and the worst record in the ten-team league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066795-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 New York Bulldogs season\nThe head coach was Charley Ewart, previously the general manager (and backfield coach) for the Philadelphia Eagles who played college football at Yale. Signed to a three-year contract, he resigned the day after the regular season's final game, a 27\u20130 home loss to Pittsburgh with just over 4,000 in attendance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066795-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 New York Bulldogs season, NFL Draft\nHalfback Doak Walker was selected as a \"future pick\" after his Heisman Trophy-winning junior season, but he stayed at SMU for his senior season in 1949. (He missed the 1946 season due to military service.) Walker's draft rights were traded to the Detroit Lions, where his hall of fame career began in 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 40], "content_span": [41, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066795-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 New York Bulldogs season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 40], "content_span": [41, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066796-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 New York City brewery strike\nThe 1949 New York City brewery strike was a labor strike involving approximately 7,000 brewery workers from New York City. The strike began on April 1 of that year after a labor contract between 7 local unions of the Brewery Workers Union and the Brewers Board of Trade (which collectively represented 14 city-based brewing companies) expired without a replacement. The primary issue was over the number of workers on board delivery trucks, with the union wanting two workers per truck as opposed to the companies' standard one person per truck. Additional issues regarded higher wages and reduced working hours for the union members, among other minor issues.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 694]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066796-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 New York City brewery strike\nThe strike saw production at the New York City-based breweries immediately halted, and a beer shortage in the city soon began. Beer from outside the city, including New Jersey and the Midwest, was soon shipped in as the strike continued for several weeks. During the strike, three of the breweries resumed production after agreeing to independent deals with their workers, while the Brewery Workers Union was joined by two other local unions. On June 21, the strike ended with the workers and companies agreeing to a new labor contract that addressed many of the workers' concerns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 615]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066796-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 New York City brewery strike\nThe strike had an immediate economic impact on the New York City-based breweries, costing the companies approximately $75 million in gross sales. The strike and subsequent lack of local beer also allowed other American brands to gain a foothold in the New York City market, and local brewers increased their advertising to stay competitive. By 1952, there were only 4 local breweries left in the city, which at one time was one of the major brewing center of the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066796-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 New York City brewery strike, Background, Brewing in New York City\nNew York City historically was a major center of beer production in the United States. In 1898, the borough of Brooklyn was home to 48 breweries, and during their height, two of the largest Brooklyn-based brewing companies (the F. & M. Schaefer Brewing Company and S. Liebmann & Sons) both annually produced over 2 million barrels of beer. In 1949, approximately 7,000 brewery workers in the city were members of the United Brewery, Flour, Cereal and Soft Drink Workers Union (also simply known as the Brewery Workers Union), an affiliate union of the Congress of Industrial Organizations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 71], "content_span": [72, 661]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066796-0003-0001", "contents": "1949 New York City brewery strike, Background, Brewing in New York City\nAccording to a union representative, the workers represented included all levels of workers except salesmen and white-collar workers. These union members, organized into 7 different local unions, worked for 14 major brewing companies in the city and were collectively part of a labor contract between the union and the Brewers Board of Trade, of which the brewing companies were members. These companies included the 10 following breweries:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 71], "content_span": [72, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066796-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 New York City brewery strike, Background, Brewing in New York City\nAdditionally, four distributors for the companies Anheuser-Busch, Ballantine, Schlitz, and West End were a part of this board. Many of these companies were located in Brooklyn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 71], "content_span": [72, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066796-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 New York City brewery strike, Background, Labor contract disputes\nThe contract between the union and companies was set to expire at midnight on March 31 of that year, and in the month leading up to that, representatives from both sides met in several rounds of negotiations to discuss the contents of a new deal. However, these talks were bogged down, as the two sides could not agree to the provisions of the contract. In particular, union officials were pushing for an $8.50 weekly raise to the base $71 weekly pay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 70], "content_span": [71, 522]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066796-0005-0001", "contents": "1949 New York City brewery strike, Background, Labor contract disputes\nWorkers also wanted a five-hour reduction to their 40-hour work weeks, the addition of an extra man on delivery trucks operated by only one person, and a pension plan. Additional points of contention concerned job security and workplace safety. According to union counsel Paul O'Dwyer (brother to then-New York City Mayor William O'Dwyer), the main issue concerning the union members was that \"there are too many injuries because the men are forced to move the machines too fast and to handle excessive weights without aid on delivery\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 70], "content_span": [71, 607]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066796-0005-0002", "contents": "1949 New York City brewery strike, Background, Labor contract disputes\nO'Dwyer also claimed that 20 brewery workers had been killed on the job in New York City over the previous four years and that injuries and workplace hazards had increased. However, a representative of the brewers objected to these claims, arguing that the brewery workers had a good safety record. Additionally, he alleged that the $8.50 raise was unrealistic and that the union had not submitted a counterproposal to the Brewers Board's $2 per week raise counteroffer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 70], "content_span": [71, 541]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066796-0006-0000", "contents": "1949 New York City brewery strike, Background, Labor contract disputes\nOn March 25, union members voted on whether or not to perform a strike action sometime after April 1 if a contract were not agreed to by then. Additionally, on March 27, union members voted by acclamation to request approval from the union's international officials to call a strike after the contract expired. Following this, a vote to approve strike action was held in a closed meeting on March 31.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 70], "content_span": [71, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066796-0006-0001", "contents": "1949 New York City brewery strike, Background, Labor contract disputes\nAs the expiration date loomed, company and union officials continued to meet and discuss contract proposals, and immediately prior to the contract's expiration, the two parties had been engaged in a 12-hour long Federal mediation session which still failed to achieve a new deal. The strike action would be the second in 5 months for the New York City brewers, as the union led a 29-day strike in October and November 1948 after several delivery drivers were suspended and fired for not meeting company-imposed delivery schedules. As no deal had been reached by the current deal's expiration, the strike commenced at 2:05 a.m. on April 1, 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 70], "content_span": [71, 715]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066796-0007-0000", "contents": "1949 New York City brewery strike, Course of the strike, Initial picketing\nPicketing commenced on the first day of the strike, with approximately 50 strikers picketing outside Schaefer's plant and an equal number at the Liebmann brewery (the producers of Rheingold Beer). Several strikers also picketed at the Edelbrew Brewery and the George Ehret Brewery. Representatives of both Liebmann and Edelbrew announced they would not be shipping out their products that day, and police were informed to be alert for any disturbances at the city's breweries. In total, production at all 14 breweries was shut down.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 74], "content_span": [75, 607]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066796-0007-0001", "contents": "1949 New York City brewery strike, Course of the strike, Initial picketing\nThat same day, approximately 3,000 brewery workers in nearby New Jersey, organized under the American Federation of Labor (AFL), were also threatening strike action after their contract had expired the same day, similarly without a replacement agreement between them and five major breweries in the state. On April 2, the Brooklyn Eagle reported that a beer shortage could be expected in New York City within 10 days. Union officials argued that this number was closer to a week, while company representatives claimed it would be two weeks before a shortage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 74], "content_span": [75, 633]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066796-0007-0002", "contents": "1949 New York City brewery strike, Course of the strike, Initial picketing\nThat same day, the New Jersey Brewers Association, during negotiations with the New Jersey union (Bottled Beer Drivers and Beer Bottlers Local 843) agreed to grant them the same terms as any agreement reached between the New York City union and brewers association. As a result, strike action in New Jersey was postponed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 74], "content_span": [75, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066796-0008-0000", "contents": "1949 New York City brewery strike, Course of the strike, Initial picketing\nOn April 3, strikers stationed at the Holland Tunnel and George Washington Bridge talked to beer truck delivery drivers coming into the city from New Jersey and convinced them to turn around, honoring their strike. That same day, shop stewards and the executive boards for the 7 local unions in New York voted to allow beer distribution in the city only if there were two people on each truck, that their work weeks consisted of 35 hours, and that they weren't transporting beer from any of the breweries affected by the strike.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 74], "content_span": [75, 603]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066796-0008-0001", "contents": "1949 New York City brewery strike, Course of the strike, Initial picketing\nOn April 4, union and company representatives met in Manhattan as part of negotiations overseen by the Federal Mediation and Conciliation Services. While the negotiations did not lead to an agreement between the Board of Trade and the union, a separate agreement was made the following day with 200 unionized workers at the Ebling Brewing Company in the Bronx. As part of the agreement, Ebling agreed to the 35 hour work week and the two workers per truck rule and further agreed to incorporate any further agreements made between the union and board. A news article published after the agreement stated that 6,750 brewery workers in the city remained on strike.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 74], "content_span": [75, 737]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066796-0009-0000", "contents": "1949 New York City brewery strike, Course of the strike, Out-of-state deliveries begin\nFederal discussions resumed on April 6. On April 7, Brewery Workers officials announced that they would cease picketing at the Holland Tunnel and George Washington Bridge and allow trucks from the P. Ballantine and Sons Brewing Company (described by the union as New York brewers' \"largest competitor\") to deliver beer into New York City. However, brewers from New Jersey withheld shipping their beer to New York City, claiming fears of possible violence or strike action if they did.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 86], "content_span": [87, 571]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066796-0009-0001", "contents": "1949 New York City brewery strike, Course of the strike, Out-of-state deliveries begin\nSeveral days later, the Brewery Workers Union offered to provide escorts for the New Jersey delivery drivers and alleged that the brewers' decision to not ship beer into the city was part of a national union busting ploy on the part of the brewing companies. O'Dwyer even went so far as to call out the United States Brewers Foundation and accuse them of monopolistic practices, which the brewers denied. Around this same time, strikers were involved in an altercation in Brooklyn during a picket when they attempted to prevent the unloading of beer shipped into the city from Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Along with Pennsylvania, some bars in the city were shipping in beer from areas such as Connecticut and upstate New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 86], "content_span": [87, 811]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066796-0010-0000", "contents": "1949 New York City brewery strike, Course of the strike, Out-of-state deliveries begin\nOn April 9, it was reported that over 200 bars were empty of beer, with restaurant leaders in the city claiming that up to 40% of establishments could be without beer by the middle of that week. On April 11 and 12, the union and brewers met again with Federal mediators and again could not reach an agreement. Several days later on April 14, the New Jersey brewers reneged on their decision and began to ship beer into the city.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 86], "content_span": [87, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066796-0010-0001", "contents": "1949 New York City brewery strike, Course of the strike, Out-of-state deliveries begin\nIt's estimated that on that day, 10,000 barrels of beer were shipped into the city, over three times the average amount. That night, strikers held a rally at St. Nicholas Arena where they announced that the strike would continue as the union rejected the brewers' $3 weekly raise proposal. Additionally, it was announced that 400 members of the International Association of Machinists (IAM), a national independent union, would also begin a work stoppage against the 13 breweries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 86], "content_span": [87, 567]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066796-0010-0002", "contents": "1949 New York City brewery strike, Course of the strike, Out-of-state deliveries begin\nOn April 16, the Edelbrew Brewery in Brooklyn announced that they had come to an agreement with the 250 workers at that plant, reducing the number of brewers involved in the strike to 12. The agreement reached with the company included the two person per truck rule and a 35-hour week. The following day, Metropolis Brewery became the third brewery to sign a back-to-work agreement with their workers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 86], "content_span": [87, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066796-0011-0000", "contents": "1949 New York City brewery strike, Course of the strike, Out-of-state deliveries begin\nOn April 26, Schaefer announced that, due to the strike, they would be temporarily closing all their buildings for the duration of the work stoppage. This move affected about 100 clerical workers at the company. By this time, the AFL's International Union of Operating Engineers (IUOE) had joined the Brewery Workers and IAM in striking against the 11 breweries. The following day, Liebmann announced they would also be closing, affecting a similar number of clerical workers as at Schaefer. In both cases, the clerical workers were furloughed with pay. In addition to the IUOE, another AFL union, the Firemen and Oilers Union Local 56, would also join the strike by its end.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 86], "content_span": [87, 762]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066796-0012-0000", "contents": "1949 New York City brewery strike, Course of the strike, Agreement reached\nOn May 23, the New Jersey brewers came to an agreement on a new labor contract with the brewery workers in that state. As part of the agreement, the workers received a wage increase that would be retroactive from April 1, while working hours, holidays, and bargaining rights remained the same. The next day, the New York City brewery workers rejected an offer that was similar to the New Jersey deal, which would have seen hourly wage increases of between $0.35 to $0.40, a $175 bonus, a 40-hour week, and other benefits.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 74], "content_span": [75, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066796-0012-0001", "contents": "1949 New York City brewery strike, Course of the strike, Agreement reached\nOn June 2, the Brooklyn Eagle reported that brewery workers on strike accounted for nearly half of the increase in the number of people in the city applying for unemployment benefits. The strike at this point had been ongoing for 8 weeks, the required waiting period for striking workers to file for unemployment. However, by June 4, it was reported that a deal was close to being reached between company and union representatives, with a meeting held that night at the Commodore Hotel aimed at settling small disagreements.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 74], "content_span": [75, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066796-0012-0002", "contents": "1949 New York City brewery strike, Course of the strike, Agreement reached\nAmong the settlements, the brewers announced that the two people per truck rule would be adopted at all breweries. Despite this, talks continued on through the week. However, by June 11, a tentative agreement had been made between CIO and the Brewers Board of Trade. Provisions of the agreement included a 37.5-hour work week, a base weekly pay raise of $2, and eight paid holidays, among other benefits. In addition, two people would be on delivery trucks if it is \"operationally feasible\" for the individual breweries. Following the agreement, it was submitted for a ratification vote by union members.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 74], "content_span": [75, 679]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066796-0012-0003", "contents": "1949 New York City brewery strike, Course of the strike, Agreement reached\nHowever, on June 14 it was reported that union members had voted to reject the proposal, with one local reporting that 92% of voters were opposed. With this, union members elected to continue the strike for their original demands, which included an $8.50 weekly raise and the assurance of two men per truck. The Brewer Board of Trade did not immediately comment on the rejection, instead saying they would \"study the significance of their rejection\". Following the rejection, the brewers announced on June 15 that they would no longer be making any concessions to the strikers, who they alleged were solely responsible for the $40 million in lost sales they had experienced at that point due to the strike.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 74], "content_span": [75, 781]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066796-0013-0000", "contents": "1949 New York City brewery strike, Course of the strike, Agreement reached\nIn the days after the rejection, union and company officials again continued to meet in negotiations, and a new agreement was drafted that was submitted by vote to the union members. On June 21, with over 90% voting in favor, the union announced an end to the strike. The terms of the agreement maintained the $2 weekly raise and 37.5-hour workweek, but broadened the scope of the two men per truck rule to include approximately 96% of all delivery trucks. Additionally, the workers were guaranteed a pension plan and, according to the Brooklyn Eagle, \"the maximum union security allowed under the law\". With the agreement in place, workers returned to the breweries the following day, with beer shipments resuming on June 23.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 74], "content_span": [75, 801]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066796-0014-0000", "contents": "1949 New York City brewery strike, Aftermath\nThe strike had an immediate impact on the brewing industry in New York City. In terms of direct financial damage, it is estimated that the strike caused $75 million loss in gross sales for the local companies. Additionally, the lack of local beer during the months of May and June (when, usually, New York City-based breweries would produce approximately 31,000,000 US gallons (120,000,000\u00a0l) of beer) allowed brewers from the Midwest to gain a foothold in the city. Brands such as Blatz and Budweiser became popular, and that year, Wisconsin overtook New York as the leading beer-producing state in the country. In an effort to compete against these new brands, many of the local companies significantly increased their advertising budget.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 44], "content_span": [45, 785]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066796-0015-0000", "contents": "1949 New York City brewery strike, Aftermath\nOne New York City-based brewery that was especially hurt by the strike was Trommer's. During the strike, the company's unique strain of yeast died, and afterwards, the company started using a new strain, which fans of the brand said changed the flavor. By 1951, the company had been sold to Piel's, and the company's Brooklyn brewery was shut down in 1955. By 1952, only four breweries remained in New York City. As late as 1960, however, approximately 10% of all beer produced in the United States was still being made in New York City. By 1976 though, both Schaefer and Liebmann (the last two breweries in Brooklyn) closed their remaining facilities.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 44], "content_span": [45, 697]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066797-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 New York City mayoral election\nThe New York City mayoral election of 1949 took place on November 8, 1949 in New York City. The candidates were incumbent Mayor William O'Dwyer, a Democrat, and former City Council President and 1945 mayoral candidate Newbold Morris, a Republican, as well as other, third-party candidates. Morris was also the nominee of the Liberal Party, and additionally ran on the City Fusion ballot line.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066798-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 New York City taxicab strike\nThe 1949 New York City taxicab strike was a labor strike involving taxicab drivers in New York City. The strike was the result of union organization efforts carried out by a local union of the United Mine Workers who were seeking union recognition and pay increases for taxicab drivers in the city. The strike started on April 1, 1949 and was initially successful in shutting down approximately 80% of taxicab operations in the city. However, after several days, taxicab operators used strikebreakers and countered the effectiveness of the strike. The UMW officially ended the strike on April 8. Historian Graham Russell Gao Hodges claims that the UMW's mismanagement of the strike was the primary reason for its failure and states that the strike \"did not result in any positive results\" for the strikers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 840]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066798-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 New York City taxicab strike, Background\nNew York City (NYC) in 1949 was home to over 11,000 taxicabs and approximately 32,000 licensed drivers. Several thousand drivers were members of Local 35 of the Taxi Workers Organizing Committee, an affiliate union of the United Mine Workers (UMW). Following World War II, the UMW had increased its unionization efforts among NYC taxi drivers who, unlike workers in other industries in the city, did not have a long history of worker organization. As part of their organization effort, the UMW pushed for taxicab fleet owners to recognize the union.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 595]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066798-0001-0001", "contents": "1949 New York City taxicab strike, Background\nAdditionally, they wanted them to agree to labor contracts that included demands such as a standard five-day workweek of nine-hour days and daily wages of $9 for day drivers and $11 for night drivers. Additional demands included an insurance and welfare plan offered by the fleet owners and some changes to work rules, among other employee benefits. However, neither side could come to an agreement, with fleet owners arguing that the union did not represent the majority of their workers. This claim is somewhat supported by historian Graham Russell Gao Hodges who, in a 2007 book, stated that less than half of the 32,000 licensed drivers were active.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 699]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066798-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 New York City taxicab strike, Background\nBy March 1949, the UMW called for strike action if the fleet operators didn't agree to their terms. On March 30, 2,000 day drivers voted to approve strike action, joining 3,300 night drivers who had earlier approved of a strike that would start on April 1. The New York City Police Department made plans for the strike, as a previous taxicab strike action in 1934 had led to violence in the city. The department added an extra 3,250 officers to street patrols in preparation for the strike.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 536]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066798-0002-0001", "contents": "1949 New York City taxicab strike, Background\nOn March 31, New York City Mayor William O'Dwyer ordered 2,000 police officers on strike duty. At this time, several operators stated they would not be operating during the course of the strike, with one representative accusing the union of bringing in \"goons\" from Virginia. A union representative rebutted that, while 100 organizers had been brought in to assist the union during the strike, they were not there for violence. That same day, Mayor O'Dwyer hosted negotiations between the two sides at New York City Hall in an attempt to prevent a strike, but no deal was reached. In particular, the taxicab operators refused to immediately recognize the union without a State Labor Relations Board vote. Following this, the mayor spoke about the impending strike on radio where he warned both sides that violence would not be tolerated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 883]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066798-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 New York City taxicab strike, Course of the strike\nThe strike began at 4:30 a.m. on April 1. By 8 a.m., there were only 701 taxicabs operating in the city, with 76 of those in Brooklyn. As there were 11,510 taxicabs in the city at this time, with approximately 6,000 operating on average, the Brooklyn Eagle reported that the walkout was approximately 90% effective. Shortly after the start of the strike, the union alleged that the operators were giving strikebreakers guns in order to intimidate union members, with a union representative claiming they had an affidavit from an individual who had been given a gun for strikebreaking.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 55], "content_span": [56, 640]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066798-0003-0001", "contents": "1949 New York City taxicab strike, Course of the strike\nPicket lines were organized outside of several taxicab garages, and 9 strikers (4 in Brooklyn and 5 in Manhattan) were arrested for loitering and threats of violence. By the second day, the Brooklyn Eagle reported that the strike was still approximately 90% effective, while the union claimed that 97% of the city's taxicabs were not operating. Also by April 2, 24 arrests had been made, but the expected violence had not yet materialized. Four strikers in Brooklyn were arrested on charges of heckling a non-striking cab driver and causing a traffic collision.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 55], "content_span": [56, 617]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066798-0003-0002", "contents": "1949 New York City taxicab strike, Course of the strike\nNightclub owners in the city reported a 50% decrease in business due to the strike and lack of taxis. By April 3, the total number of arrests made was 42. Additionally, over 1,000 taxicabs were operating in the city, with operators claiming they had broken the strike and that over 5,000 vehicles would be in operation the next day. Also on April 3, one operator was able to get an injunction issued against the UMW by the Manhattan Supreme Court that limited picketing at their facilities.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 55], "content_span": [56, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066798-0003-0003", "contents": "1949 New York City taxicab strike, Course of the strike\nOn April 4, taxicab operations had returned to 40% of their pre-strike rate, and following this, the head of Local 35 resigned from his post. That same day, union representatives informed Mayor O'Dwyer of their willingness to seek an election with the State Labor Relations Board. Late in the day on April 8, union officials officially ended the strike.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 55], "content_span": [56, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066798-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 New York City taxicab strike, Aftermath\nFollowing the strike, union officials accused Mayor O'Dwyer of strikebreaking and abandoning union members after promising them his support, which he denied. Brooklyn politician Abe Stark also accused O'Dwyer of using heavy-handed tactics to end the strike. On the part of the union, historian Graham Russell Gao Hodges claimed that the UMW made mistakes by not offering strike pay for the cab drivers and not contributing more financial backing for the strike. Additionally, the union failed to reach out to cab drivers about their particular grievances with the taxicab operators, such as the lack of vacation time. Ultimately, Hodges claims that the strike \"did not result in any positive results\" for the workers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 44], "content_span": [45, 762]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066799-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 New York Film Critics Circle Awards\nThe 15th New York Film Critics Circle Awards, honored the best filmmaking of 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066800-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 New York Giants (MLB) season\nThe 1949 New York Giants season was the franchise's 67th season. The team finished in fifth place in the National League with a 73-81 record, 24 games behind the Brooklyn Dodgers. The games were now broadcast on the then new station WPIX-TV, which was launched the year before.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066800-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 New York Giants (MLB) season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 78], "content_span": [79, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066800-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 New York Giants (MLB) season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 71], "content_span": [72, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066800-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 New York Giants (MLB) season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 76], "content_span": [77, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066800-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 New York Giants (MLB) season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066800-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 New York Giants (MLB) season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 74], "content_span": [75, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066801-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 New York Giants season\nThe 1949 New York Giants season was the franchise's 25th season in the National Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066801-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 New York Giants season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 38], "content_span": [39, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066802-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 New York Yankees (AAFC) season\nThe 1949 New York Yankees season was their fourth and final in the All-America Football Conference. The team improved on their previous output of 6-8, winning eight games. They lost to the San Francisco 49ers in the first round of the playoffs and the team folded with the league after the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066803-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 New York Yankees season\nThe 1949 New York Yankees season was the team's 47th season in New York, and its 49th season overall. The team finished with a record of 97\u201357, winning their 16th pennant, finishing 1 game ahead of the Boston Red Sox. New York was managed by Casey Stengel in his first year. The Yankees played their home games at Yankee Stadium. In the World Series, they defeated the Brooklyn Dodgers in 5 games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066803-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 New York Yankees season, Regular season\nThe 1949 Yankees team was seen as \"underdogs\" who came from behind to catch and surprise the powerful Red Sox on the last two days of the season, a face off that fueled the beginning of the modern Yankees \u2013 Red Sox rivalry.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 44], "content_span": [45, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066803-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 New York Yankees season, Regular season\nThe Red Sox needed just one win in two games and were to pitch Mel Parnell in the first game. After trailing 4\u20130, the Yankees came back to beat Parnell 5\u20134, as Johnny Lindell hit an eighth-inning, game-winning, home run and Joe Page had a great relief appearance for New York. And so it came down to the last game of the season. It was Ellis Kinder facing Vic Raschi.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 44], "content_span": [45, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066803-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 New York Yankees season, Regular season\nThe Yankees led 1\u20130 after seven innings, having scored in the first. In the eighth inning, manager Joe McCarthy lifted Kinder for a pinch hitter who did not come through. Then he brought in Mel Parnell in relief, and Parnell yielded a homer to Tommy Henrich and a single to Yogi Berra. Parnell was replaced by Tex Hughson, who had been on the disabled list and said his arm still hurt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 44], "content_span": [45, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066803-0003-0001", "contents": "1949 New York Yankees season, Regular season\nBut he came on and, with the bases loaded, Jerry Coleman hit a soft liner that Al Zarilla in right field tried to make a shoestring catch, but he missed and it went for a triple and three runs. In the ninth inning the Red Sox rallied for three runs but still fell short. The post-season proved to be a bit easier, as the Yankees defeated the Brooklyn Dodgers four games to one.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 44], "content_span": [45, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066803-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 New York Yankees season, Regular season\nIn 1949, Boston Red Sox owner Tom Yawkey and Yankees GM Larry MacPhail verbally agreed to trade DiMaggio for Ted Williams, but MacPhail refused to include Yogi Berra. Phil Rizzuto moved from eighth to first in the batting lineup and finished the season second in voting for the American League MVP Award.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 44], "content_span": [45, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066803-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 73], "content_span": [74, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066803-0006-0000", "contents": "1949 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066803-0007-0000", "contents": "1949 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066803-0008-0000", "contents": "1949 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 68], "content_span": [69, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066803-0009-0000", "contents": "1949 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 69], "content_span": [70, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066803-0010-0000", "contents": "1949 New York Yankees season, 1949 World Series\nAL New York Yankees (4) vs. NL Brooklyn Dodgers (1)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 47], "content_span": [48, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066804-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 New York state election\nThe 1949 New York state election was held on November 8, 1949, to elect a judge of the New York Court of Appeals and a U.S. Senator.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066804-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 New York state election, Background\nOn November 18, 1948, Thomas D. Thacher resigned from the New York Court of Appeals. On January 14, 1949, Bruce Bromley was appointed by Governor Thomas E. Dewey to fill the vacancy temporarily.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 40], "content_span": [41, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066804-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 New York state election, Background\nOn June 28, 1949, Robert F. Wagner resigned from the U.S. Senate, due to ill health. On July 7, John Foster Dulles was appointed by Governor Dewey to fill the vacancy temporarily.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 40], "content_span": [41, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066804-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 New York state election, Nominations\nThe Republican State Committee nominated the incumbents Dulles and Bromley to succeed themselves.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 41], "content_span": [42, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066804-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 New York state election, Nominations\nThe Democratic State Committee nominated Ex-Governor Herbert H. Lehman (in office 1933-1942) for the U.S. Senate and Supreme Court Justice Charles W. Froessel for the Court of Appeals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 41], "content_span": [42, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066804-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 New York state election, Nominations\nThe Liberal Party endorsed the Democratic nominees Lehman and Froessel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 41], "content_span": [42, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066804-0006-0000", "contents": "1949 New York state election, Nominations\nThe American Labor Party made no nominations and urged its members not to vote for any candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 41], "content_span": [42, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066804-0007-0000", "contents": "1949 New York state election, Result\nThe Democratic/Liberal ticket was elected. The incumbents Dulles and Bromley were defeated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066805-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 New Zealand M\u0101ori rugby union tour of Australia\nThe 1949 New Zealand M\u0101ori rugby union tour was a collection of rugby union games undertaken by the New Zealand M\u0101ori against invitational and national teams of Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066805-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 New Zealand M\u0101ori rugby union tour of Australia\nThe Maoris plays 11 match, winning 9 of them and losing only one (1 tied).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066805-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 New Zealand M\u0101ori rugby union tour of Australia\nThree test matches against Australia were played. The victory in the first match against the \"Wallabies\" was clamorous and the Australian coach Johnny Wallace was fired. The new coach was Bill McLean, historical captain of the 1947-48 tour in Europe. For the first time, the Australian team was directed by a coach from Queensland and not from New South Wales.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 413]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066806-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 New Zealand gambling referendum\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Number 57 (talk | contribs) at 23:36, 17 March 2020 (Ref wording). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066806-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 New Zealand gambling referendum\nA referendum on gambling was held in New Zealand on 9 March 1949. Voters were asked whether off-course betting on horse races should be allowed. It was approved, with 68% in favour. Voter turnout was 54.3%. The referendum was held in conjunction with the 1949 New Zealand licensing hours referendum.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066807-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 New Zealand general election\nThe 1949 New Zealand general election was a nationwide vote to determine the shape of the New Zealand Parliament's 29th term. It saw the governing Labour Party defeated by the opposition National Party. This marked the end of the First Labour government and the beginning of the First National government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066807-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 New Zealand general election, Background\nThe Labour Party had formed its first ministry after winning the 1935 election, and had remained in power (with gradually decreasing majorities) since then. The National Party, formed by a merger of the parties which Labour had originally ousted, gradually increased its power in Parliament; the ineffectual Adam Hamilton was replaced by Sidney Holland, and internal disputes were gradually resolved. The Prime Minister, Peter Fraser, was increasingly weary. Ongoing shortages after World War II also eroded public support for the government. The National Party's decision not to repeal Labour's social welfare policies also increased its appeal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 692]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066807-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 New Zealand general election, The election\nThe date for the main elections was a Wednesday 30 November. Elections to the four M\u0101ori electorates were held the day before\u2014the 1949 elections were the last in which M\u0101ori voted on a different day. 1,113,852 people were registered to vote, although rolls for the M\u0101ori electorates were \"woefully inadequate.\" Voter turnout for the elections is disputed, given the problems with the M\u0101ori roll\u2014some sources place it at 93.5 percent, while others estimate 92.9 percent. Regardless, the turnout was relatively high for the time. The number of seats being contested was 80, a number which had been fixed since 1902.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 47], "content_span": [48, 661]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066807-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 New Zealand general election, Election results, Party standings\nThe 1949 election saw the governing Labour Party defeated by a twelve-seat margin. It has previously held a four-seat majority. Labour won a total of 34 seats, as opposed to National's 46. The popular vote was considerably closer\u2014Labour won 47.2 percent to National's 51.9 percent. No seats were won by minor party candidates or by independents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 68], "content_span": [69, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066807-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 New Zealand general election, Election results, Party standings\nJohn A. Lee stood for Grey Lynn as the sole Democratic Labour candidate and got 2,627 votes, coming third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 68], "content_span": [69, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066807-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 New Zealand general election, Election results, Initial MPs\nThe table below shows the results of the 1949 general election:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 64], "content_span": [65, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066808-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 New Zealand licensing hours referendum\nA referendum on the hours for the sale of liquor in hotel bars was held in New Zealand on 9 March 1949. Voters were asked whether they favoured continuing the closing of hotel bars at 6 pm or extending the closing time to 10 pm. The change was rejected by 75.5% of voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066808-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 New Zealand licensing hours referendum\nThis referendum voted to continue six o'clock closing of hotel bars, which had been introduced in 1917, and the six o'clock swill. The Sale of Liquor referendum, 1967 approved the extension of hotel hours.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066808-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 New Zealand licensing hours referendum\nThe referendum was held in conjunction with the 1949 New Zealand gambling referendum.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066809-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 New Zealand rugby league season\nThe 1949 New Zealand rugby league season was the 42nd season of rugby league that had been played in New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066809-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 New Zealand rugby league season, International competitions\nNew Zealand drew a series against Australia, 1-all. New Zealand were coached by Thomas McClymont and included; Warwick Clarke, Dave Redmond, Maurie Robertson, Tommy Baxter, Bill McKenzie, Abbie Graham, Jack Russell-Green, captain Pat Smith, Bob Aynsley, John Newton, Clarence Hurndell, Charlie McBride, Travers Hardwick, Len Jordan, George Davidson and Ron Westerby.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 64], "content_span": [65, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066809-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 New Zealand rugby league season, International competitions\nAustralia opened the tour with a 33-7 defeat of South Auckland, before a 39-14 win over the West Coast. The South Island then lost 8-38 to Australia at Monica Park. South Island included Bill McKenzie, Len Brown, George Menzies, Jimmy Haig, Pat Smith, Bob Aynsley, John Newton, Lory Blanchard, Charlie McBride and Alister Atkinson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 64], "content_span": [65, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066809-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 New Zealand rugby league season, International competitions\nAustralia then defeated Southern Provinces 17-15 before a 33-0 victory over the New Zealand M\u0101ori side. Auckland then lost to Australia 18-36 at Carlaw Park. Auckland included Warwick Clarke, Dave Redmond, Tommy Baxter, Maurie Robertson, Doug Anderson, Abbie Graham, Jack Russell-Green, Clarence Hurndell, George Davidson, Bill Spence, Ra Rogers, Graham Burgoyne and Allen Laird. Australia then defeated Northern Provinces 39-9.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 64], "content_span": [65, 493]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066809-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 New Zealand rugby league season, International competitions\nAn Auckland Colts team also lost to Australia 16-30. Agreed to as the tenth and final match of the tour, the Colts did not have a chance to train together before the match. The Colts included Des White and Ray Cranch.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 64], "content_span": [65, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066809-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 New Zealand rugby league season, National competitions, Northern Union Cup\nWellington again held the Northern Union Cup at the end of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 79], "content_span": [80, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066809-0006-0000", "contents": "1949 New Zealand rugby league season, National competitions, Inter-district competition\nAuckland defeated the West Coast 9-3. Auckland included Maurie Robertson and Tommy Baxter while the West Coast included Frank Mulcare and George Menzies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 87], "content_span": [88, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066809-0007-0000", "contents": "1949 New Zealand rugby league season, National competitions, Inter-district competition\nCanterbury were coached by Jim Amos and included Joe Duke, Alister Atkinson, Lory Blanchard, Pat Smith, Bill McKenzie, Len Brown and Jimmy Haig.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 87], "content_span": [88, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066809-0008-0000", "contents": "1949 New Zealand rugby league season, Club competitions, Auckland\nRichmond won the Auckland Rugby League's Fox Memorial Trophy, Rukutai Shield, Roope Rooster and Stormont Shield. Ellerslie won the Sharman Cup while Ponsonby won the Norton Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 65], "content_span": [66, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066809-0009-0000", "contents": "1949 New Zealand rugby league season, Club competitions, Auckland\nLen Jordan came out of retirement to help his Ponsonby club.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 65], "content_span": [66, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066809-0010-0000", "contents": "1949 New Zealand rugby league season, Club competitions, Auckland\nRon McGregor was named the Auckland Rugby League's secretary, replacing Ivan Culpan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 65], "content_span": [66, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066810-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 New Zealand rugby union tour of South Africa\n1949 saw the second full tour of South Africa by a representative New Zealand rugby union team (the New Zealand national rugby union team). The All Blacks achieved a record of 13 wins, 7 losses and 4 draws, and they lost the test series 4\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066810-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 New Zealand rugby union tour of South Africa, Non-selection of M\u0101ori players\nAs they had in 1928 and would do again in 1960, the New Zealand union left M\u0101ori players out of the 30-man tour squad to meet apartheid conditions set by South Africa. Particularly notable omissions were \"Johnny Smith, Ben Couch and Vincent Bevan... All three (and Ron Bryers) would surely have otherwise gone to South Africa.\" Smith's official All Black profile now acknowledges \"the unforgivable weakness shown by New Zealand rugby\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 81], "content_span": [82, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066810-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 New Zealand rugby union tour of South Africa, Non-selection of M\u0101ori players\nKiwi Blake (who was of African American heritage but played for the M\u0101ori All Blacks) is quoted as saying that after a trial match he, Bevan and Smith were told by a selector that \"If you had been eligible, you would have all gone\". Researcher and historian Malcolm Mulholland wrote the All Blacks captain Fred Allen \"later mourned the loss of Smith and, in particular, Bevan...as one of the main reasons for the All Blacks' four-nil series drubbing\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 81], "content_span": [82, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066810-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 New Zealand rugby union tour of South Africa, Non-selection of M\u0101ori players\nIn 2010 the rugby unions of New Zealand and South Africa, and the South African government, apologised for this selection policy which was implemented at the South Africans' request by the NZRFU, which at the time had said that it \"did not want to subject them [i.e. M\u0101ori] to possible reprisals\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 81], "content_span": [82, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066810-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 New Zealand rugby union tour of South Africa, Non-selection of M\u0101ori players\nAs this tour took place, a simultaneous Australia tour to New Zealand led to the unusual situation of two All Black tests on 3 September 1949, in Durban and Wellington. The All Blacks lost both. One reason for New Zealand affording the Australian series test status was to allow M\u0101ori players excluded from South Africa to earn caps.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 81], "content_span": [82, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066811-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Newfoundland general election\nThe 1949 Newfoundland general election was held on 27 May 1949 to elect members of the 29th General Assembly of Newfoundland. It was the first general election held since Newfoundland joined Canadian confederation on 31 March 1949 and the first Newfoundland-wide election of any kind since the suspension of responsible government and the creation of the Commission of Government in 1934. The election was won by the Liberal Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066811-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Newfoundland general election\nJoey Smallwood was invited to form an interim administration when Newfoundland became a part of Canada just before midnight on March 31, 1949. This interim Smallwood administration continued until the results of the May election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066811-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Newfoundland general election\nThe election was held under the House of Assembly Act of 1932, with the same 27 seats, plus a new seat for Labrador, though the election in the Labrador seat was deferred until July 25. The five seats where Progressive Conservatives won had all voted heavily against confederation in the 1948 Newfoundland referendums.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066813-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Nobel Prize in Literature\nThe 1949 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded the American author William Faulkner \"for his powerful and artistically unique contribution to the modern American novel.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066813-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Nobel Prize in Literature\nThe prize was awarded in 1950. The Nobel Committee for Literature had decided that none of the nominations for 1949 met the criteria as outlined in the will of Alfred Nobel, and the prize was reserved until the following year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066813-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Nobel Prize in Literature, Laureate\nWilliam Faulkner was an American novelist and short story writer known for novels such as The Sound and the Fury (1929), As I Lay Dying (1930), Light In August (1934) and Absalom! Absalom! (1936).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066813-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Nobel Prize in Literature, Nominations\nWilliam Faulkner was not nominated for the prize in 1949, but he was nominated the following year and in 1950 the Swedish Academy decided to award Faulkner the Nobel Prize in Literature for 1949. In total the Nobel committee received 43 nominations for the 1949 prize and 79 nominations for the 1950 prize, including nominations for P\u00e4r Lagerkvist, Winston Churchill, Paul Claudel, Halld\u00f3r Kiljan Laxness, Fran\u00e7ois Mauriac, Robert Graves, Karen Blixen, E. M. Forster, Boris Pasternak, Graham Greene, and Bertrand Russell, who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for 1950. William Faulkner was nominated by Prince Wilhelm, Duke of S\u00f6dermanland, president of the Swedish PEN Center. Faulkner had not been nominated for the prize before, making it a rare occasion when an author have been awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature the same year they were first nominated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 43], "content_span": [44, 914]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066813-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 Nobel Prize in Literature, Award ceremony speech\nIn his award ceremony speech on 10 December 1950, Gustaf Hellstr\u00f6m, member of the Swedish Academy, said of Faulkner: \"As a probing psychologist he is the unrivalled master among all living British and American novelists. Neither do any of his colleagues possess his fantastic imaginative powers and his ability to create characters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066813-0004-0001", "contents": "1949 Nobel Prize in Literature, Award ceremony speech\nHis subhuman and superhuman figures, tragic or comic in a macabre way, emerge from his mind with a reality that few existing people \u2013 even those nearest to us \u2013 can give us\", \"Moreover \u2013 side by side with Joyce and perhaps even more so \u2013 Faulkner is the great experimentalist among twentieth-century novelists. Scarcely two of his novels are similar technically. It seems as if by this continuous renewal he wanted to achieve the increased breadth which his limited world, both in geography and in subject matter, cannot give him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 584]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066813-0004-0002", "contents": "1949 Nobel Prize in Literature, Award ceremony speech\nThe same desire to experiment is shown in his mastery, unrivalled among modern British and American novelists, of the richness of the English language, a richness derived from its different linguistic elements and the periodic changes in style \u2013 from the spirit of the Elizabethans down to the scanty but expressive vocabulary of the Negroes of the southern states.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066813-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 Nobel Prize in Literature, Reactions\nThe choice of William Faulkner as the Nobel Prize Laureate was well received.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066814-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 North Carolina Tar Heels football team\nThe 1949 North Carolina Tar Heels football team represented the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill during the 1949 college football season. The Tar Heels were led by seventh-year head coach Carl Snavely and played their home games at Kenan Memorial Stadium. The team competed as members of the Southern Conference, winning the conference title with a perfect 5\u20130 conference record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066814-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 North Carolina Tar Heels football team\nHalfback Charlie Justice was named an All-American and finished second in voting for the Heisman Trophy for the second consecutive year. He led the team in rushing, passing, and punting for the fourth consecutive year, with 377 rushing yards, 731 passing yards, and 2,777 punting yards. Art Weiner again joined him as an All-American end, being voted first-team by United Press, Sporting News, and INS. Kenny Powell was selected as a first-team defensive end All-American by NEA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066815-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 North Dakota Fighting Sioux football team\nThe 1949 North Dakota Fighting Sioux football team, also known as the Nodaks, was an American football team that represented the University of North Dakota in the North Central Conference (NCC) during the 1949 college football season. In its first and only year under head coach Dick Miller, the team compiled a 4\u20133\u20131 record (3\u20132\u20131 against NCC opponents), tied for third place out of seven teams in the NCC, and was outscored by a total of 121 to 72. The team played its home games at Memorial Stadium in Grand Forks, North Dakota.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066816-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 North Dakota State Bison football team\nThe 1949 North Dakota State Bison football team was an American football team that represented North Dakota Agricultural College (now known as North Dakota State University) in the North Central Conference (NCC) during the 1949 college football season. In its second and final season under head coach Howard Bliss, the team compiled a 0\u20139 record (0\u20136 against NCC opponents) and finished in seventh/last place out of seven teams in the NCC. The team played its home games at Dacotah Field in Fargo, North Dakota.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066817-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 North Korean local elections\nThree local elections were held in North Korea in 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066817-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 North Korean local elections\nProvincial, city, county and district people's assembly elections were held on March 30, with 689 provincial people's assembly deputies and 5,164 city and county people's assembly deputies elected. Township people's assembly elections were held on November 24\u201325, with 13,354 deputies elected. Town, neighborhood, village, and workers' district people's assembly elections were held on December 2, with 56,112 deputies elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066817-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 North Korean local elections\nVoter turnout was reported as 100%, with candidates receiving a 100% approval rate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066818-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Northern Illinois State Huskies football team\nThe 1949 Northern Illinois State Huskies football team represented Northern Illinois State Teachers College in the 1949 college football season. There were no divisions of college football during this time period, and the Huskies competed in the Illinois Intercollegiate Athletic Conference. They were led by 21st-year head coach Chick Evans and played their home games at the 5,500 seat Glidden Field, located on the east end of campus.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066819-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Northern Ireland general election\nThe 1949 Northern Ireland general election was held on 19 February 1949. The election became known as the Chapel-gate election because collections were held at churches in the Republic of Ireland to support the Nationalist Party campaign.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066819-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Northern Ireland general election\nThe election was held just after the Republic of Ireland's declaration of a republic. The Unionists were able to use their majority in the Parliament of Northern Ireland to schedule the election at a time when many Protestants felt uneasy about development south of the border and as a result might be more likely to vote Unionist than for Labour candidates. This appears to have been borne out in the collapse of the Labour vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066819-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Northern Ireland general election, Results\nAll parties shown. The only Socialist Republican Party candidate was elected unopposed. Electorate 846,719 (477,354 in contested seats); Turnout 79.3% (378,458).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 47], "content_span": [48, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066820-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Northwestern Wildcats football team\nThe 1949 Northwestern Wildcats team represented Northwestern University during the 1949 Big Nine Conference football season. In their third year under head coach Bob Voigts, the Wildcats compiled a 4\u20135 record (3\u20134 against Big Ten Conference opponents) and finished in seventh place in the Big Ten Conference. Quarterback Don Burson was selected as a first-team All-Big Ten player by both the Associated Press and the United Press.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066821-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Norwegian Football Cup\nThe 1949 Norwegian Football Cup was the 44th season of the Norwegian annual knockout football tournament. The tournament was open for all members of NFF, except those from Northern Norway. The final was played at Ullevaal Stadion in Oslo on 23 October 1949, and was contested by the defending champions Sarpsborg and the one-time former winners Skeid. Sarpsborg successfully defended their title with a 3\u20131 victory, securing their fifth Norwegian Cup trophy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066822-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Norwegian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Norway on 10 October 1949. The result was a victory for the Labour Party, which won 85 of the 150 seats in the Storting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066822-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Norwegian parliamentary election, Results\nThe joint list of the Farmers' Party, Conservative Party and Liberal Party won four seats, two taken by the Conservative Party and two by the Farmers' Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 46], "content_span": [47, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066822-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Norwegian parliamentary election, Results\nThe joint list of the Farmers' Party and Conservative Party won three seats, all taken by the Farmers' Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 46], "content_span": [47, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066822-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Norwegian parliamentary election, Results\nThe joint list of the Farmers' Party and Liberal Party won two seats, with both parties taking one each.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 46], "content_span": [47, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066822-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 Norwegian parliamentary election, Results\nThe joint list of the Liberal Party and Christian People's Party won no seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 46], "content_span": [47, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066823-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team\nThe 1949 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team represented the University of Notre Dame during the 1949 college football season. The Irish, coached by Frank Leahy, ended the season with 10 wins and no losses, winning the national championship. The 1949 team became the seventh Irish team to win the national title and the third in four years. Led by Heisman winner Leon Hart, the Irish outscored their opponents 360\u201386.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066823-0000-0001", "contents": "1949 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team\nThe 1949 team is the last team in what is considered to be the Notre Dame Football dynasty, a stretch of games in which Notre Dame went 46\u20130\u20132 and won three national championships and two Heisman Trophies. The Irish squad was cited by Sports Illustrated as the part of the second best sports dynasty (professional or collegiate) of the 20th century and second greatest college football dynasty.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066823-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team, Personnel, Coaching staff\nAssistants: Bernie Crimmins (first assistant / backfield), John F. Druze (chief scout), Bill Earley (backfield), Joe McArdle (guards), Robert McBride (tackles), Fred Miller (volunteer assistant), Benjamin Sheridan (freshmen)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 71], "content_span": [72, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066823-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team, Postseason, 1950 NFL Draft\nThe following players were drafted into professional football following the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 72], "content_span": [73, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066824-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Nova Scotia general election\nThe 1949 Nova Scotia general election was held on 9 June 1949 to elect members of the 44th House of Assembly of the Province of Nova Scotia, Canada. It was won by the Liberal party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066825-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Ohio Bobcats football team\nThe 1949 Ohio Bobcats football team was an American football team that represented Ohio University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1949 college football season. In their first season under head coach Carroll Widdoes, the Bobcats compiled a 4\u20134\u20131 record (2\u20132 against MAC opponents), finished in third place in the MAC, and were outscored by all opponents by a combined total of 120 to 114. Three Ohio players received All-MAC honors: offensive tackle Al Scheider (first team); offensive guard Milt Taylor (first team); and end John Marco (second team).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066826-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Ohio State Buckeyes football team\nThe 1949 Ohio State Buckeyes football team represented Ohio State University in the 1949 Big Nine Conference football season. The Buckeyes compiled a 7\u20131\u20132 record to win a share of the Big Ten Conference title and win their first Rose Bowl against California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066827-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Oklahoma A&M Cowboys football team\nThe 1949 Oklahoma A&M Cowboys football team represented Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechanical College (later renamed Oklahoma State University\u2013Stillwater) in the Missouri Valley Conference during the 1949 college football season. In their 11th and final year under head coach Jim Lookabaugh, the Cowboys compiled a 4\u20134\u20132 record (1\u20132\u20131 against conference opponents), finished in third place in the conference, and outscored opponents by a combined total of 223 to 212.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066827-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Oklahoma A&M Cowboys football team\nOn offense, the 1949 team averaged 22.3 points, 151.5 rushing yards, and 177.7 passing yards per game. On defense, the team allowed an average of 21.2 points, 158.3 rushing yards and 213.3 passing yards per game. The team's statistical leaders included halfback Ken Roof with 466 rushing yards, Jack Hartman with 1,278 passing yards, Alex Loyd with 657 receiving yards, and Don Van Pool with 36 points scored.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 449]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066827-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Oklahoma A&M Cowboys football team\nFour Oklahoma A&M players received first-team All-Missouri Valley Conference honors in 1949: tackle Charles Shaw, guard Clayton Davis, end Alex Loyd, and back Jack Hartman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066827-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Oklahoma A&M Cowboys football team\nThe team played its home games at Lewis Field in Stillwater, Oklahoma.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066827-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 Oklahoma A&M Cowboys football team, After the season\nThe 1950 NFL Draft was held on January 20\u201321, 1950. The following Cowboys were selected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 57], "content_span": [58, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066828-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Oklahoma Sooners football team\nThe 1949 Oklahoma Sooners football team represented the University of Oklahoma in the 1949 college football season. In their third year under head coach Bud Wilkinson, the Sooners compiled an undefeated 11\u20130 record (5\u20130 against conference opponents), won the Big Six Conference championship, were ranked #2 in the final AP Poll, and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 399 to 88.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066828-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Oklahoma Sooners football team\nFive Sooners received All-America honors in 1949: Jim Owens (end), Darrell Royal (quarterback), George Thomas (halfback), Wade Walker (tackle) and Stanley West (guard). The same five players also received all-conference honors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066828-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Oklahoma Sooners football team, Postseason, NFL draft\nThe following players were drafted into the National Football League following the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 58], "content_span": [59, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066829-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Ole Miss Rebels football team\nThe 1949 Ole Miss Rebels football team represented the University of Mississippi during the 1949 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066830-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Olympia earthquake\nThe 1949 Olympia earthquake occurred on April 13 at 11:55:44 local time with a moment magnitude of 6.7 and a maximum Mercalli Intensity of VIII (Severe). The shock was located in the area between Olympia and Tacoma, and was felt throughout the state, as well as parts of Oregon, British Columbia, Idaho, and Montana. It is the largest recorded earthquake to occur in the Puget Sound region of Washington. Eight people were killed, a minimum of 64 people were injured, and the total damage is estimated at $25 million.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 541]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066830-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Olympia earthquake, Damage\nDamage in Olympia from the earthquake was estimated between $500,000 and $1 million by Governor Arthur B. Langlie. Eight buildings on the State Capital campus were damaged by the earthquake, as well as the Old Capitol Building in downtown Olympia. A 23-ton cradle on the east tower of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge fell 500 feet, injuring two men. The earthquake caused geysers to explode along the railroad track in the Tacoma tidal flats and in Puyallup. Chimneys throughout western Washington collapsed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 534]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066830-0001-0001", "contents": "1949 Olympia earthquake, Damage\nIn Seattle, nearly every building in the Pioneer Square neighborhood was affected in some way, with damage ranging from lost parapets to entire floors and in some cases entire buildings needing to be demolished over the following years. Most buildings still show the scars of earthquake damage and the mostly hasty repairs made to them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066830-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Olympia earthquake, Damage\nEight people were killed, including young crossing guard Marvin Klegman who shielded a second-grader from falling bricks. At least 64 people were injured, and the total damage is estimated at $25 million.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066831-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Omloop Het Volk\nThe 1949 Omloop Het Volk was the fifth edition of the Omloop Het Volk cycle race and was held on 13 March 1949. The race started and finished in Ghent. The race was won by Andr\u00e9 Declerck.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066832-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Open Championship\nThe 1949 Open Championship was the 78th Open Championship, held 6\u20139 July at Royal St George's Golf Club in Sandwich, Kent, England. Bobby Locke of South Africa won the first of his four Open titles in a 36-hole playoff, twelve strokes ahead of runner-up Harry Bradshaw of Ireland. It was the first playoff at the Open since 1933.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066832-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Open Championship\nThis edition was originally scheduled for Royal Cinque Ports, but it was flooded in early 1949 and the venue was switched to Royal St George's. Royal Cinque Ports was retained as a venue for one of the qualifying rounds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066832-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Open Championship\nQualifying took place on 4\u20135 July, Monday and Tuesday, with 18 holes at Royal St. George's and 18 holes at Royal Cinque Ports. The number of qualifiers was limited to a maximum of 100, and ties for 100th place did not qualify. Bradshaw led the qualifiers scoring 139 with Locke next at 140; the qualifying score was 154 and 96 players advanced. The total prize money was increased fifty percent, from \u00a31,000 to \u00a31,500. The winner received \u00a3300 with \u00a3200 for second, \u00a3100 for third, \u00a375 for fourth, \u00a350 for fifth and then \u00a320 each for the next 35 players. The \u00a31,500 was completed with a \u00a315 prize for winning the qualification event and four \u00a315 prizes for the lowest score in each round. For the first time a silver medal was awarded to the first amateur.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 779]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066832-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Open Championship\nIn the opening round on Wednesday, Jimmy Adams led with 67. Locke entered as the favorite, but was in a tie for fourth place, despite taking seven at the 14th, cutting his tee shot out of bounds. After the second round on Thursday, Sam King had the lead on 140, Adams dropping back after a 77. At the 5th hole, Bradshaw's ball finished in a broken beer bottle; he decided to play it, getting the ball clear but dropping a shot on the hole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066832-0003-0001", "contents": "1949 Open Championship\nThe maximum number of players making the cut after 36 holes was again set at forty, and ties for 40th place did not make the cut. With eleven players tied for 32nd place at 148, the cut was 147 (+3) and a record low 31 players advanced to the final two rounds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066832-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 Open Championship\nAfter the morning round on Friday, there were three players tied for the lead on 213: Bradshaw, Locke, and Max Faulkner. Charlie Ward and King were just a stroke behind. Bradshaw was in one of the early groups and had a final round of 70 to take the lead on 283. Playing forty minutes later, Locke reached the turn in 32 but took five at the 10th, 14th, and 15th, and then three-putted the short 16th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066832-0004-0001", "contents": "1949 Open Championship\nHowever he then sank a ten-foot (3\u00a0m) birdie putt at 17 then from four feet (1.2\u00a0m) for par at the last to tie Bradshaw. None of the later players in contention could get close to Bradshaw and Locke. De Vicenzo had a good last round of 69 to take third place. His chances were spoilt by an inward half of 40 in the morning which had left his three strokes behind.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066832-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 Open Championship\nIn the playoff on Saturday, both players started well but Locke had a three-shot lead after thirteen holes. At the 520-yard 14th hole, Locke put his second shot stone dead for a three while Bradshaw found a bunker and eventually took six. Locke's lead was thus extended to six and then to seven at the end of the morning round. The lead quickly extended to 10 after two holes of the afternoon round as Bradshaw started 6-5. Bradshaw gained a shot at the 9th and 11th, but Locke went on to win the playoff by twelve strokes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066833-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Orange Bowl\nThe 1949 Orange Bowl was a college football postseason bowl game between the Texas Longhorns and the Georgia Bulldogs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066833-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Orange Bowl, Background\nAfter a loss early in the season to North Carolina, the Bulldogs won eight straight games en route to a Southeastern Conference championship (fifth overall) and their first Orange Bowl bid since 1942. The Longhorns finished 2nd in the Southwest Conference to SMU (who went to play in the Cotton Bowl Classic), but were invited to play in the Orange Bowl for the first time in school history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 28], "content_span": [29, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066833-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Orange Bowl, Game summary\nTom Landry rushed for 117 yards in his final game before departing for the AAFC. Johnny Rauch threw 11-of-17 passes for 161 yards and a touchdown in a losing effort.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 30], "content_span": [31, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066833-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Orange Bowl, Aftermath\nThe Bulldogs returned to the Orange Bowl in 1960 while the Longhorns returned in 1965.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 27], "content_span": [28, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066834-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Oregon State Beavers football team\nThe 1949 Oregon State Beavers football team represented Oregon State College in the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) during the 1949 college football season. In their first season under head coach Kip Taylor, the Beavers compiled a 7\u20133 record (5\u20133 in PCC, fifth), and outscored their opponents 232\u00a0to\u00a0188. The team played one home game on campus at Bell Field in Corvallis and three at Multnomah Stadium in Portland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066834-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Oregon State Beavers football team\nTaylor, a Michigan State assistant, was hired in late March, following the resignation of longtime head coach Lon\u00a0Stiner a month earlier. Taylor\u00a0was a native of Ann Arbor, Michigan, and played for the Michigan Wolverines in the late 1920s. At the time of his hiring, he told the press: \"I'm a Michigan man and I like the Michigan system. We'll have the single wingback, in all probability, with my own variations.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066835-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Oregon Webfoots football team\nThe 1949 Oregon Webfoots football team represented the University of Oregon in the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) during the 1949 college football season. In their third season under head coach Jim Aiken, the Webfoots compiled a 4\u20136 record (2\u20135 against PCC opponents), finished in a tie for sixth place in the PCC, and outscored their opponents, 250 to 219. The team played its home games at Hayward Field in Eugene, Oregon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066836-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Orsz\u00e1gos Bajnoks\u00e1g I (men's water polo)\n1949 Orsz\u00e1gos Bajnoks\u00e1g I (men's water polo) was the 43rd water polo championship in Hungary. There were ten teams who played one-round match for the title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066836-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Orsz\u00e1gos Bajnoks\u00e1g I (men's water polo), Final list\n* M: Matches W: Win D: Drawn L: Lost G+: Goals earned G-: Goals got P: Point", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 56], "content_span": [57, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066836-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Orsz\u00e1gos Bajnoks\u00e1g I (men's water polo), 2. Class\n1. Bp. Lokomot\u00edv 10, 2. Csepeli MTK 8, 3. MTE 6, 4. KaSE 4, 5. BRE 2, 6. OTI 0 point.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066837-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Ostzonenmeisterschaft\nThe Ostzonenmeisterschaft 1949 (English: Championship of the Eastern Zone) was the second association football championship in what was to become East Germany. As in the previous season, it was played in a one-leg knock-out format with ten participating teams. Each of the five L\u00e4nder\u2014Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Brandenburg, Saxony, Thuringia and Saxony-Anhalt\u2014sent two representatives. Unlike the previous season, none of the regional championships was ended early, even if the participants for the championship had already been determined. Last year's winner SG Planitz did not qualify, but finalists SG Freiimfelde Halle \u2013 renamed ZSG Union Halle \u2013 reached the final again, this time beating Fortuna Erfurt to win their first championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 766]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066838-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Ostzonenmeisterschaft (ice hockey)\nThe 1949 Ostzonenmeisterschaft season was the first season of ice hockey in East Germany. Four teams participated in the league, and SG Frankenhausen won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066839-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Ostzonenmeisterschaft Final\nThe 1949 Ostzonenmeisterschaft Final decided the winner of the 1949 Ostzonenmeisterschaft, the 2nd edition of the Ostzonenmeisterschaft, a knockout football cup competition to decide the champions of the Soviet occupation zone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066839-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Ostzonenmeisterschaft Final\nThe match was played on 26 June 1949 at the Stadion im Ostragehege in Dresden. Union Halle won the match 4\u20131 against Fortuna Erfurt for their 1st title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066839-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Ostzonenmeisterschaft Final, Route to the final\nThe Ostzonenmeisterschaft was a ten team single-elimination knockout cup competition. There were a total of three rounds leading up to the final. Four teams entered the qualifying round, with the two winners advancing to the quarter-finals, where they were joined by six additional clubs who were given a bye. For all matches, the winner after 90 minutes advances. If still tied, extra time was used to determine the winner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 52], "content_span": [53, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066840-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Ottawa Rough Riders season\nThe 1949 Ottawa Rough Riders finished in 1st place in the Interprovincial Rugby Football Union with an 11\u20131 record, but lost the IRFU Finals to the eventual Grey Cup champion Montreal Alouettes. This season was the best in franchise history, in terms of winning percentage, since the undefeated team from the 1905 season. This season also set the franchise record for most wins in a season, which would be matched, but not surpassed, four more times.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066841-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 PGA Championship\nThe 1949 PGA Championship was the 31st PGA Championship, held May 25\u201331 in Virginia at Belmont Golf Course (formerly known as Hermitage Country Club), north of Richmond. Native Virginian Sam Snead won the match play championship, 3 & 2 over Johnny Palmer in the Tuesday final; the winner's share was $3,500 and the runner-up's was $1,500.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066841-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 PGA Championship\nIt was the second of Snead's three wins in the PGA Championship, and the fourth of his seven major titles. At age 37, Snead was the oldest to win the PGA Championship; he won again two years later in 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066841-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 PGA Championship\nThe medalist in the stroke play qualifier was unsung Ray Wade Hill of Louisiana, who advanced to the quarterfinals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066841-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 PGA Championship\nSnead won the Masters in April; this was the first time the Masters champion had won the PGA Championship in the same calendar year. This has only been accomplished four times, most recently 46 years ago: Snead was followed by Jack Burke Jr. in 1956 and Jack Nicklaus in 1963 and 1975. Snead's double was in the spring, Burke and Nicklaus completed theirs in the summer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066841-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 PGA Championship\nDefending champion Ben Hogan did not play in any of the majors during the 1949 season, following a near-fatal automobile accident in west Texas in early February. In 1948, he won two majors, led the tour in money and wins (ten), and was player of the year; he had won two events in January 1949 (Pebble Beach, Long Beach), with a playoff runner-up in a third (Phoenix). Although Hogan returned to the tour in 1950 on a limited basis and won six more majors (nine total), he did not enter the PGA Championship again until age 48 in 1960, its third year as a stroke play event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 597]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066841-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 PGA Championship, Format\nThe match play format at the PGA Championship in 1949 called for 12 rounds (216 holes) in seven days:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 29], "content_span": [30, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066842-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Pacific Tigers football team\nThe 1949 Pacific Tigers football team was an American football team that represented the College of the Pacific during the 1949 college football season. In their third season under head coach Larry Siemering, the Tigers compiled an undefeated 11\u20130 record, were ranked #10 in the final AP Poll, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 575 to 66. The Tigers' victories included a 34\u20137 besting of Cincinnati, a 62\u201314 victory over San Diego State, and a 45\u20136 victory over Utah.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066842-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Pacific Tigers football team\nQuarterback Eddie LeBaron was selected by both the Associated Press and International News Service as a first-team player on the 1949 All-Pacific Coast football team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066842-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Pacific Tigers football team, Team players in the NFL\nThe following College of the Pacific players were selected in the 1950 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066843-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Pacific hurricane season\nThe 1949 Pacific hurricane season was the first hurricane season in the Eastern Pacific hurricane database. Six tropical cyclones were known to have existed during the season, of which the first formed on June 11 and the final dissipated on September 30. Another tropical cyclone had formed within the basin in 1949, but was included in the Atlantic hurricane database, had it been classified operationally in the Eastern Pacific basin, would have tallied the overall season to seven tropical cyclones. In addition, there were two tropical cyclones that attained hurricane status, but none of them reached major hurricane intensity (Category 3 or higher on the Saffir\u2013Simpson hurricane scale). Tropical Storm Three threatened the Baja California Peninsula, while an unnumbered hurricane crossed into the Atlantic, later becoming the 1949 Texas hurricane.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 884]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066843-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Pacific hurricane season, Season summary\nTropical cyclones were recorded in the Eastern Pacific best track database for the first time in 1949. Although official records began in the Eastern Pacific during this year, the season saw the first officially recorded Atlantic-Pacific crossover tropical cyclone. This season was also beginning of a cool phase for the Pacific decadal oscillation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066843-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Pacific hurricane season, Season summary\nOnly six tropical cyclones were observed in the Eastern Pacific during this season, which is well below the 1949\u20132006 average of 13 per year. Of the six tropical cyclones, two only attained hurricane status. In addition, none of the tropical cyclones became a major hurricane, which is Category 3 or greater on Saffir\u2013Simpson hurricane scale. Although it is an oddity for no major hurricanes to occur during a season since the satellite era began, nearly all hurricane seasons during this time period lacked a major hurricane.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066843-0002-0001", "contents": "1949 Pacific hurricane season, Season summary\nHowever, it is likely that other tropical cyclones in the Eastern Pacific basin in 1949 went operationally unnoticed, due to lack of modern technology such as satellite imagery. In addition to the six tropical cyclones, another tropical cyclone developed in the Eastern Pacific basin, but was included in the Atlantic basin hurricane database, rather than the Eastern Pacific. Most of the seven tropical cyclones did not differentiate in intensity during the duration, with the exception of Hurricane Six.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066843-0002-0002", "contents": "1949 Pacific hurricane season, Season summary\nThe first two tropical cyclones of the season formed in quick succession during mid-June, however, the months of July and August went dormant in terms of tropical cyclogenesis. The last five tropical cyclones, including the additional storm, also developed in a quick sequence, all of which forming from in a span of 17 days. By October 1, all tropical cyclonic activity had completely ceased.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066843-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm One\nThe first tropical storm of the season formed 75\u00a0mi (120\u00a0km) south-southwest of Puerto Vallarta on June 11. Tropical Storm One headed out to sea without intensifying further than 50\u00a0mph (80\u00a0km/h). Heading west-northwestward, the storm dissipated on July 12, centered roughly halfway between Socorro Island and Cabo San Lucas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 58], "content_span": [59, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066843-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Two\nTropical Storm Two was first observed 440\u00a0mi (705\u00a0km) southwest of Zihuatanejo on June\u00a016. While remaining far west of the Mexican coast, Two peaked as a 50\u00a0mph (80\u00a0km/h) tropical storm. No change in intensity occurred, and the tropical storm dissipated southwest of Baja California at 1200 UTC June\u00a023.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 58], "content_span": [59, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066843-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Three\nAfter no tropical cyclone activity in July and August, the third tropical storm formed offshore of southwestern Mexico on September\u00a03. Like the previous two tropical cyclone, this storm had a peak of 50\u00a0mph (80\u00a0km/h), and did not intensify further. Tropical Storm Three headed northwestward, and began paralleling the coast of Baja California. On September\u00a08, Tropical Storm Three turned abruptly south-southwestward, and dissipated by the next day. The outer rainbands of this system were expected to bring squally weather over the Baja California Peninsula; instead, this storm turned away without causing any impact.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 680]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066843-0006-0000", "contents": "1949 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Four\nThe first hurricane of the season developed on September\u00a09 while located 160\u00a0mi (260\u00a0km) east-southeast of Socorro Island, and tied Hurricane Six as the strongest tropical cyclone of the season. The hurricane slowly turned northward, and made landfall in Baja California Sur with winds of 85\u00a0mph (140\u00a0km/h) on September 11. Hurricane Six dissipated over Baja California about 10\u00a0hours later. Since Four was expected to bring high waves and rough seas to Southern California, all marine operates and other interests in the region were alerted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 54], "content_span": [55, 597]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066843-0007-0000", "contents": "1949 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Five\nThe fifth tropical storm was observed offshore of Mexico, on September\u00a017. Tropical Storm Five had no change in intensity past a 50\u00a0mph (85\u00a0km/h) tropical storm, similar to Tropical Storms One, Two, and Three. While paralleling the coast of Mexico, Tropical Storm Five passed only 75\u00a0mi (120\u00a0km) southwest of Manzanillo. The tropical storm curved northwestward on September\u00a018, and headed out to sea. The system dissipated 135\u00a0mi (215\u00a0km) west-southwest of Islas Mar\u00edas on September\u00a019.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 59], "content_span": [60, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066843-0008-0000", "contents": "1949 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Unnumbered tropical depression\nIn addition to the six tropical cyclones in the basin, another system September\u00a027, although it was not included with the records in the East Pacific, the storm had been listed as Hurricane Ten in the Atlantic basin. Forming south of El Salvador, the tropical depression traveled slowly north. Failing to intensify past a beyond depression status, the system made landfall near the border of Guatemala and El Salvador on September\u00a028. Moving inland, the storm did not weaken as it crossed through Guatemala and Mexico. The system quickly strengthened once over the Bay of Campeche, becoming a tropical storm. After entering the bay, the storm intensified into a hurricane, and eventually made landfall in Texas as a Category 2 hurricane. This hurricane was the first officially recorded Atlantic-Pacific crossover tropical cyclone. Overall, monetary losses totaled $10\u00a0million (1949 USD) and two deaths were attributed to the storm.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 70], "content_span": [71, 1003]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066843-0009-0000", "contents": "1949 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Six\nA tropical depression was first observed 300\u00a0mi (485\u00a0km) southeast of Socorro Island on September\u00a029. The depression rapidly intensified, and was a Category\u00a01 hurricane only twelve hours after being first observed. Peaking as an 85\u00a0mph (140\u00a0km/h) Category\u00a01 hurricane, Hurricane Six tied Hurricane Four as the strongest tropical cyclone of the season. After reaching its peak intensity, Hurricane Six rapidly weakened, and passed 70\u00a0mi (125\u00a0km) southeast of Socorro Island with winds of 50\u00a0mph (85\u00a0km/h). Further weakening occurred, and the storm had dissipated on September 30.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 53], "content_span": [54, 632]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066844-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Pacific typhoon season\nThe 1949 Pacific typhoon season has no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1949, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066844-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Pacific typhoon season\nThe scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean, north of the equator and west of the International Date Line. Storms that form east of the date line and north of the equator are called hurricanes; see 1949 Pacific hurricane season. At the time, tropical storms that formed within this region of the western Pacific were identified and named by the United States Armed Services, and these names are taken from the list that USAS publicly adopted before the 1945 season started.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066844-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Pacific typhoon season, Season summary\nIn July, tropical storm Irma killed 1,600\u00a0people and destroyed more than 63,000 houses in Shanghai, China, the worst typhoon on record in the city.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066844-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Pacific typhoon season, Season summary\nTyphoon Gloria struck Okinawa on July 23. Gloria killed 38\u00a0people and destroyed 42,502 buildings on the island. Typhoon Gloria then continued westward and struck Shanghai, China killing 29\u00a0people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066844-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 Pacific typhoon season, Season summary\nTyphoon Kitty struck the Tokyo/Yokohama area August 31 through September 1, 1949. From reconnaissance reports the maximum sustained winds were near 110\u00a0knots 12\u00a0hours prior to landfall, but had fallen to minimum typhoon strength by the time it reached Honsh\u016b. The death toll reached 123 due to rainfall induced flooding and landslides (NY Times, 9/3/1949), and caused about 15\u00a0billion yen in damages. As its center passed near Tokyo, the JMA's Central Meteorological Office was able to launch eight rawinsondes in the typhoon environment. Researcher Dr. Hidedoshi Arakawa was able to analyze these soundings to make a vertical analysis of thestorm.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 692]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066844-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Carmen\nCarmen's origin was traced to the southeast of Yap, at the junction of the base of a westerly trough and a secondary line of convergence associated with the Inter-tropical trough. Its track was followed south of Yap and northwest between Yap and Palau. Much speculation was afforded when three reconnaissance fixes indicated a loop in Carmen's path. Indications were that Carmen was a very small storm in the respect that high winds and weather extended only a short distance from its center. An allowance for navigational error along with a 48-hour stagnation would have discounted the unusual recurvature. The final leg pursued a southwest course into Mindanao, the result of the Siberian high cell's intrusion into the Philippine Sea.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 52], "content_span": [53, 790]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066844-0006-0000", "contents": "1949 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Della\nDella began as an easterly wave and can be traced as far east as Truk with consistence. Kwajalein shows the passage also, but its track to Truk is indistinct. The eventual track was substantiated by data at Guam and Yap with intensification evident near 15 N and 127 E, seven days after the easterly wave passage at Truk. A surge of moist unstable air from the south was considered as the primary factor in intensification. A parabolic path was followed, with the eye passing over Okinawa. Contrary to climatological data, Della pursued a path across Kyishi rather than the conventional movement along the polar trough to the south of Japan. Della moved into the Sea of Japan and became extratropical four days after it was detected as a typhoon", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 797]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066844-0007-0000", "contents": "1949 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Elaine\nElaine developed from an ill-defined easterly wave that passed south of Guam. Lack of sufficient data prevented accurate detection of the easterly wave east from Guam. As Elaine passed Yap, a surge of the monsoon winds to the south of the Inter-tropical trough intensified the wave and a weak circulation developed. The tropical storm moved at 12 knots until it passed over the northern tip of Mindanao; from this point a gradual recurvature toward the northwest was taken. A southerly flow in the South China Sea aided the intensification. The storm tracked within 60 miles of Manila and dissipated rapidly as it entered the China coast west-southwest of Hong Kong.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 52], "content_span": [53, 719]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066844-0008-0000", "contents": "1949 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Faye\nFaye was one of two storms that had its origin in the upper air, between 25 and 40 thousand feet, and gradually descended to the surface over the western edge of the Pacific high cell(indications of Kwajalein's upper winds verified the presence of an upper air low, and five days later its nearness to Iwo Jima was reflected on the surface) Faye, a moderate storm moved near and to the south of Iwo Jima and recurved around the Pacific high cell, 500 miles to the west of Iwo Jima. Faye followed a northerly path and passed over the western edge of Kyushu into the Japanese Sea.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 629]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066844-0009-0000", "contents": "1949 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Gloria\nGloria, one of the most intense and destructive typhoons of the 1949 season, formed from a vortex associated with an easterly wave which was intensified by a southwesterly monsoon surge after passing south or Guam. Gloria was first detected as a typhoon near 15 N. and 132 E. Her future track was north for 450 miles with curvature to the northwest passing over Okinawa and entering the China coast near Shanghai. Maximum winds were estimated in excess of 110 knots. Gloria is considered to be the strongest typhoon to strike Shanghai since reliable records began in 1945.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 52], "content_span": [53, 625]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066844-0010-0000", "contents": "1949 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Hester\nHester was one of the season's most confusing storms, resulted from the intensification of an easterly wave near Guam. Post analysis indicates that a convergent westerly and southwesterly flow in the vicinity of Saipan was the factor in intensification. Reconnaissance revealed a loop in Hester's track near Saipan. After a north-northwesterly movement to the east of Iwo Jima, the storm finally entered the Japanese mainland to the south of Tokyo. Hester was strongest at the time she was first detected and weakened thereafter, becoming negligible when it struck the Japanese islands.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 52], "content_span": [53, 639]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066844-0011-0000", "contents": "1949 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Storm Irma\nIrma originated in the South China Sea and intensified into a weak storm for reasons that are only supposition due to a lack of data in that area. Her path was northeast and finally north. Throughout her life, reconnaissance could find no evidence of a defined center, but reported 50 knot winds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 57], "content_span": [58, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066844-0012-0000", "contents": "1949 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Storm Irma\nIt was said to be the worst recorded storm in the history of Shanghai.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 57], "content_span": [58, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066844-0013-0000", "contents": "1949 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Judith\nJudith, began as a vortex associated with an easterly wave and can be identified as having passed Kwajalein 20 days prior to its dissipation. Intensification into a typhoon occurred near 14 N and 126 E but the reason is uncertain. Soon after detection of the typhoon, normal recurvature began, but two days later an inverse recurvature was evident. At the time it was thought that Judith split into two cells one moving east-northeast and the other north-northwest. Post analysis indicates that only one cell was present and its path was slightly to the east of Okinawa with inverse recurvature over western Kyushu", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 52], "content_span": [53, 667]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066844-0014-0000", "contents": "1949 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Kitty\nKitty originated from an easterly wave that passed Kwajalein and intensified near 23 N and 15.4 E It is believed that intensification was the result of a westerly trough that moved to the. north of the storm prior to its detection. Further, the northwest movement into the nose of the Pacific high cell assisted in maintaining the gradient. Kitty began recurvature near 32 N and 140 E, but was never completed as the storm maintained a northerly movement across Honshu and dissipated near Hokkaido. Reconnaissance reported a maximum wind of 65 knots. Kitty inflicted more damage on the Tokyo area than any storm during the 1949 season. Gusts to 75 knots were reported along with torrential rains.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 748]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066844-0015-0000", "contents": "1949 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Lise\nTropical Cyclone Lise was first detected as a weak tropical low passing north of Guam and Saipan on 31 August, Navy Reconnaissance two days later established that this low had increased to typhoon intensity. Intensification is attributed to the low moving into a stagnant low pressure area in tho Philippine Sea. Lise began a sharp recurvature on 2 September and passed 70 miles southeast of Iwo Jima as an intense typhoon on 4 September. Maximum winds of 85 knots were experienced at Iwo Jima for a short period.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066844-0016-0000", "contents": "1949 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Storm Madeline\nMadeline was the second of two storms during the season that originated in the upper air and surfaced over the western edge of the Pacific high cel. A surface ship on 2 September first gave indications of a relatively weak storm in the vicinity of 21 N and 151 E. The storm was discovered while in the process of recurvature; the track thereafter moving northward while missing Iwo Jima by 450 miles. Madeline dissipated into polar trough five days after it was detected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 61], "content_span": [62, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066844-0017-0000", "contents": "1949 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Storm 12W\nTropical Storm 12W was first classified as a tropical depression northeast of Luzon. 12W intensified into a tropical storm and made landfall in Southern China on September 8 and dissipated during the next day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 56], "content_span": [57, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066844-0018-0000", "contents": "1949 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Nelly\nNelly was the result of an easterly wave that intensified into a typhoon eight days after its passage at Truk. The factor in intensification was a weak but persistent westerly trough that extended south-southwest to a point just northeast of the storm. Reconnaissance established Nelly as a typhoon 250 miles south of Okinawa, after three previous missions over a period of five days had failed to find winds in excess of 45 knots. The storm passed south of Okinawa and struck central Taiwan. Nelly disappeared into the China coast north of Hong Kong.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 603]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066844-0019-0000", "contents": "1949 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Storm 14W\nTropical Storm 14W was first classified as a tropical depression on September 18. 14W intensified into a tropical storm and made landfall in Vietnam where it dissipated during September 22.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 56], "content_span": [57, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066844-0020-0000", "contents": "1949 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Storm 15W\nTropical Storm 15W developed northeast of the Mariana Islands on September 22. Moving northwards as a tropical storm, 15W became extratropical on September 25.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 56], "content_span": [57, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066844-0021-0000", "contents": "1949 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Omelia\nOmelia was first noticed in the latter days September in the Yap-Palau area. This storm can be traced to Kwajalein, nine days prior to its intensification to a tropical storm. Data is insufficient to determine the cause of intensification, and reconnaissance fixes failed to reveal its intensity. Moving northwest-ward, Omelia passed between Luzon and Taiwan striking the China coast on 4 October 180 miles northeast of Hong Kong. Omelia's distinguishing feature was the reported fact that no closed circulation could be found near the center by reconnaissance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 52], "content_span": [53, 614]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066844-0022-0000", "contents": "1949 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Patricia\nOn 17 October, surface ship reports from the Truk area gave the first indication of the tropical disturbance later named Patricia. As it moved slowly northwestward it began to intensify such that a definite closed circulation was apparent with the passage-southwest of Guam on 20 October. At this time, the storm' was in the process, of recurvature and continued thereafter on a northeasterly track which skirted all U.S. Military installations. Patricia traversed over 3,000 miles in the eleven days it was under surveillance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 54], "content_span": [55, 582]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066844-0023-0000", "contents": "1949 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Storm 18W\nTropical Storm 18W affected Visayas, Philippines as a tropical storm during early November.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 56], "content_span": [57, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066844-0024-0000", "contents": "1949 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Rena\nTropical Storm Rena was an example of the early winter storms which form and intensify in the Palau area, then move across the Southern Philippines to die in the south China Sea. Rena passed through the islands bringing heavy rains but not excessive winds. It is thought that damage was slight since the maximum winds reported by a land station was 45 knots. Rena took up a course for Hong Kong, but dissipation had already begun, and in crossing the China Sea the storm lost its identity.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066844-0025-0000", "contents": "1949 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Allyn\nOn 10 November, Kwajalein experienced the first effects of a storm which later developed into Typhoon Allyn. The torrential rains and a wind shift indicative of a vortex induced the Kwajalein forecaster to release a tropical advisory (TROPAD) alerting the Typhoon Warning Network. As the storm continued to move westward it rapidly intensified. The first reconnaissance flight established the center of the storm, then north of Truk reported maximum winds of 60 knots. Three days later when the storm approached Guam, the winds had increased to 120 knots.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 607]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066844-0025-0001", "contents": "1949 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Allyn\nOn 17 November, Typhoon Allyn struck Guam with a ferocity unequaled since 1900. Passing within 35 miles of the southern end of the island, the storm created havoc on a grand scale. No lives were lost, even among the natives who were lacking typhoon shelters and endured the storm in their houses, hundreds of which were completely destroyed. By early morning on the 18th, the populace was able to leave their shelter to survey the destruction which amounted to millions of dollars. Allyn continued along a west northwesterly track apparently headed for Okinawa; however, recurvature occurred, and the typhoon passed south of Japan, lashing Torishima with 80 knot winds before extratropical transition and setting course for the Aleutian low.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 793]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066844-0026-0000", "contents": "1949 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Betty\nTropical Cyclone Betty, a small but reportedly intense storm developed in the Yap-Palau area December 2 and 3 then moved west northwestward through the South Central Philippine Islands at an average speed of 12 knots. Although the first reconnaissance fix on 3 December estimated the winds at 80 knots, the light surface winds which were reported as the storm moved through the Philippines indicate that Betty probably never exceeded 50 knots intensity. Thus ended one of the weaker and more obscure storms of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066844-0027-0000", "contents": "1949 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Camilla\nCamilla, the final significant storm of the 1949 typhoon season was the ninth tropical cyclone to intensify in the Yap-Palau area. Similar to other late season storms; Camilla moved west northwestward across the Philippines at an average speed of 12 knots. Here, Camilla departed from the climatological tracks curving northward across northern Luzon, weakening while crossing the mountainous area. Camilla then continued to move northeastward along the polar though, accelerating rapidly and becoming extratropical just east of Okinawa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 53], "content_span": [54, 591]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066844-0028-0000", "contents": "1949 Pacific typhoon season, Storm names\nTropical storm names were assigned by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center since 1945.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 40], "content_span": [41, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066844-0029-0000", "contents": "1949 Pacific typhoon season, Storm names\nAfter the season the names Kitty, Lise, Madeline, Nelly, Omelia, Patricia, Rena, Allyn and Camilla were retired. They were replaced by Kit, Lola, Mamie, Nina, Ophelia, Phyllis, Rita, Alice and Cora and were next used during the 1953 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 40], "content_span": [41, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066845-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Paraguayan Primera Divisi\u00f3n season\nThe 1949 season of the Paraguayan Primera Divisi\u00f3n, the top category of Paraguayan football, was played by 11 teams. The national champions were Guaran\u00ed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066846-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Paris\u2013Roubaix\nThe 1949 Paris\u2013Roubaix was the 47th\u00a0edition of the Paris\u2013Roubaix, a classic one-day cycle race in France. The single day event was held on 17 April 1949 and stretched 244\u00a0km (152\u00a0mi) from Paris to the finish at Roubaix Velodrome. The race was declared as a tie between the Italian cyclist Serse Coppi and the French cyclist Andr\u00e9 Mah\u00e9.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066847-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Paris\u2013Tours\nThe 1949 Paris\u2013Tours was the 43rd edition of the Paris\u2013Tours cycle race and was held on 15 May 1949. The race started in Paris and finished in Tours. The race was won by Albert Ramon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066848-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Pau Grand Prix\nThe 1949 Pau Grand Prix was a non-championship Formula One motor race held on 18 April 1949 at the Pau circuit, in Pau, Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es-Atlantiques, France. The Grand Prix was won by Juan Manuel Fangio, driving the Maserati 4CLT/48. Toulo de Graffenried finished second and Benedicto Campos third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066849-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Penn Quakers football team\nThe 1949 Penn Quakers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Pennsylvania as an independent during the 1949 college football season. In its 12th season under head coach George Munger, the team compiled a 4\u20134 record and outscored opponents by a total of 159 to 118. The team won its first four games and was ranked No. 9 in the AP Poll before losing its last four games and dropping out of the AP Poll. The team played its home games at Franklin Field in Philadelphia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066850-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Penn State Nittany Lions football team\nThe 1949 Penn State Nittany Lions football team represented the Pennsylvania State University in the 1949 college football season. The team was coached by Joe Bedenk. He was named head coach after coaching the line for several years. After a single 5\u20134 season, Bedenk requested a return to coaching the line, and Penn State brought in Rip Engle as head coach The team played its home games in New Beaver Field in State College, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066851-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Pepperdine Waves football team\nThe 1949 Pepperdine Waves football team represented George Pepperdine College as an independent during the 1949 college football season. The team was led by first-year head coach Ray Richards. For the 1949 season, the Waves moved home games back to Sentinel Field on the campus of Inglewood High School in Inglewood, California. They had previously played at Sentinel Field in 1946 and 1947. Pepperdine finished the season with a record of 4\u20135. They joined the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA) in 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066851-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Pepperdine Waves football team, Team players in the NFL\nThe following player finished his career at Pepperdine in 1949 then served in the military for two years before being selected in the 1952 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 60], "content_span": [61, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066852-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Peruvian Primera Divisi\u00f3n\nThe 1949 Campeonato de Selecci\u00f3n y Competencia was the 33rd season of the Peruvian Primera Divisi\u00f3n. Eight teams participated in the second-to-last amateur-status championship, which was played as a triple round-robin tournament. The champions were Universitario. No team was relegated; therefore the top-flight grew to 10 teams for 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066853-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Philadelphia Athletics season\nThe 1949 Philadelphia Athletics season involved the A's finishing fifth in the American League with a record of 81 wins and 73 losses.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066853-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Philadelphia Athletics season, Regular season\nThe 1949 Philadelphia Athletics team set a major league team record of 217 double plays, a record which still stands as of 2010.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 50], "content_span": [51, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066853-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 79], "content_span": [80, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066853-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 72], "content_span": [73, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066853-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 77], "content_span": [78, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066853-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 74], "content_span": [75, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066853-0006-0000", "contents": "1949 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 75], "content_span": [76, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066854-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Philadelphia Eagles season\nThe 1949 Philadelphia Eagles season was the franchise's 17th season in the National Football League. The Eagles won their second-consecutive NFL championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066854-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Philadelphia Eagles season, Off season\nThe Eagles hold training camp for the first time at UM North Central Agriculture school in Grand Rapids, Minnesota.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066854-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Philadelphia Eagles season, Off season, NFL Draft\nThe 1949 NFL draft was held on December 21, 1948. It was 25 rounds long. The Eagles had the Lottery Bonus Pick in the draft and picked 1st. The Eagles chose 26 players total during this draft. They had the last pick in each round as all teams picked in every round. The All-America Football Conference, a rival league signed some of the NFL cast offs and draft picks. With the bonus and 1st pick overall, the Eagles took a local hero from the University of Pennsylvania, a center and linebacker,  Chuck Bednarik. Along with him, the other future NFL Hall of Famers picked this year were Norm Van Brocklin, George Blanda, and Doak Walker.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 54], "content_span": [55, 692]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066854-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Philadelphia Eagles season, Off season, Player selections\nThe table shows the Eagles selections and what picks they had that were traded away and the team that ended up with that pick. It is possible the Eagles' pick ended up with this team via another team that the Eagles made a trade with. Not shown are acquired picks that the Eagles traded away.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 62], "content_span": [63, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066854-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 Philadelphia Eagles season, Game recaps, Week 4 at Chi Bears\nThe Eagles get the only loss of the season against the Chicago Bears in a game played at Wrigley Field in Chicago. The last points of the game were made by 22 years 29 days old George Blanda. Blanda would score his last points against Philadelphia in his career 22 years and 1 day later on October 17, 1971. Also a placekicker, Blanda had one of the longest pro football careers, a total of 26 years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 65], "content_span": [66, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066854-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 Philadelphia Eagles season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 42], "content_span": [43, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066854-0006-0000", "contents": "1949 Philadelphia Eagles season, Roster\n(All time List of Philadelphia Eagles players in franchise history)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 39], "content_span": [40, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066854-0007-0000", "contents": "1949 Philadelphia Eagles season, Postseason\nThe NFL and the AAFC agree to form one league as the NFL. The Philadelphia Eagles are scheduled to meet the AAFC 4 time Champion Cleveland Browns on the 1950 opening weekend in Philadelphia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066855-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Philadelphia Phillies season, Regular season\nOn June 2, 1949, the Phillies matched a Major League record with five home runs in one inning in a 12\u20133 win over the Cincinnati Reds at Shibe Park.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 49], "content_span": [50, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066855-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Philadelphia Phillies season, Regular season\nOn August 19, 1949, the Phillies held \"Eddie Waitkus Night\" at Shibe Park. Waitkus was in uniform for the first time since being shot on June 14, 1949, in Chicago by an infatuated girl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 49], "content_span": [50, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066855-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Philadelphia Phillies season, Regular season\nThis marked the Phillies' first winning season since 1932, ending an MLB record of 16 consecutive losing seasons. This would remain the longest streak in league history until the Pirates suffered their 17th consecutive losing season in 2009.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 49], "content_span": [50, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066855-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 78], "content_span": [79, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066855-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 71], "content_span": [72, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066855-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 76], "content_span": [77, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066855-0006-0000", "contents": "1949 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066855-0007-0000", "contents": "1949 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 74], "content_span": [75, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066856-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Philippine House of Representatives elections\nThe elections for the House of Representatives of the Philippines were held on November 8, 1949. Held on the same day as the presidential election, the party of the incumbent president, Elpidio Quirino's Liberal Party, won a majority of the seats in the House of Representatives.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066856-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Philippine House of Representatives elections\nThis will be the first time in what would be a pattern in which the party of the incumbent president wins the elections for the members of the House of Representatives.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066856-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Philippine House of Representatives elections\nThe elected representatives served in the 2nd Congress from 1949 to 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066857-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Philippine Senate election\nElections for the members of the Senate were held on November 8, 1949 in the Philippines.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066857-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Philippine Senate election\nWhile President Elpidio Quirino won a full term as President of the Philippines after the death of President Manuel Roxas in 1948, and his running mate, Senator Fernando Lopez won as Vice President, their Liberal Party won all of the contested seats in the Senate. Despite factions created in the administration party, Quirino won a satisfactory vote from the public.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066857-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Philippine Senate election\nIt was the only time in Philippine history where the duly elected president, vice president and senators all came from the same party, the Liberal Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066857-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Philippine Senate election\nCarlos P. Romulo and Marvin M. Gray, publisher of the Manila Evening News, accuse Quirino in their book The Magsaysay Story (The John Day Company, 1956, updated - with an additional chapter on Magsaysay's death - re-edition by Pocket Books, Special Student Edition, SP-18, December 1957) of widespread fraud and intimidation of the opposition by military action, calling it the \"dirty election\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066857-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 Philippine Senate election, Results, Per party\nThe Liberals originally had 19 seats entering the 2nd Congress, but the election of Senator Fernando Lopez to the vice presidency meant that his seat is vacant until 1951, when it was contested in a special election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 51], "content_span": [52, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066858-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Philippine general election\nPresidential, legislative and local elections were held on November 8, 1949 in the Philippines. Incumbent President Elpidio Quirino won a full term as President of the Philippines after the death of President Manuel Roxas in 1948. His running mate, Senator Fernando Lopez won as Vice President. Despite factions created in the administration party, Quirino won a satisfactory vote from the public. It was the only time in Philippine history where the duly elected president, vice president and senators all came from the same party, the Liberal Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 584]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066859-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Philippine presidential election\nThe 1949 Philippine presidential and vice presidential elections were held on November 8, 1949. Incumbent President Elpidio Quirino won a full term as President of the Philippines after the death of President Manuel Roxas in 1948. His running mate, Senator Fernando Lopez, won as Vice President. Despite factions created in the administration party, Quirino won a satisfactory vote from the public. It was the only time in Philippine history where the duly elected president, vice president and senators all came from the same party, the Liberal Party. Carlos P. Romulo and Marvin M. Gray, publisher of the Manila Evening News, accuse Quirino in their book The Magsaysay Story of widespread fraud and intimidation of the opposition by military action, calling it the \"dirty election\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 822]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066859-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Philippine presidential election, Criticism of the election\nThe election was widely criticized as being corrupt, with violence and fraud taking place. Opponents of Quirino were either beaten up or murdered by his supporters or the police, and the election continues to be perceived as corrupt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 64], "content_span": [65, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066860-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Pittsburgh Panthers football team\nThe 1949 Pittsburgh Panthers football team represented the University of Pittsburgh in the 1949 college football season. The team compiled a 6\u20133 record under head coach Mike Milligan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066861-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Pittsburgh Pirates season\nThe 1949 Pittsburgh Pirates season was the 68th season of the Pittsburgh Pirates franchise; the 63rd in the National League. The Pirates finished sixth in the league standings with a record of 71\u201383.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066861-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 75], "content_span": [76, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066861-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 68], "content_span": [69, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066861-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066861-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066861-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 71], "content_span": [72, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066862-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Pittsburgh Steelers season\nThe 1949 Pittsburgh Steelers season was the franchise's 17th in the National Football League, and the second season with John Michelosen as head coach. The team finished the season with a record of 6\u20135-1, improving slightly from the previous season record of 4-8, but again failing to qualify for the playoffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066862-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Pittsburgh Steelers season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 42], "content_span": [43, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066863-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Pittsburgh mayoral election\nThe Mayoral election of 1949 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania was held on Tuesday, November 8, 1949. David Lawrence of the Democratic Party was reelected to a second term. Despite commanding a powerful position within both local politics and the state party, Lawrence faced a major primary challenge after he failed to gain the endorsement of the AFL-CIO. However, he achieved a moderate victory over union leader Ed Leonard, in part due to the surprising support of the Republican business community, which championed Lawrence's urban renewal projects. After the primary scare, Lawrence defeated Republican Timothy \"Tice\" Ryan, an attorney, by what was then the biggest margin in city mayoral history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 730]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066864-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Portland Pilots football team\nThe 1949 Portland Pilots football team was an American football team that represented the University of Portland as an independent during the 1949 college football season. The team compiled a 2\u20135 record. The coaching staff was led by former Notre Dame star Harry \"The Horse\" Wright in his first year as head coach. Wright was assisted by two other Notre Dame alumni\u2014Neil Green as line coach and Floyd Simmons as backfield coach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066864-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Portland Pilots football team\nKey players included quarterback Danny Christianson, left halback John Freeman, right halfback Larry Wissbaum, and end Joe Marshello.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066864-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Portland Pilots football team\nIn February 1950, Rev. T. J. Mehling, president of the University of Portland, announced that the school was abandoning its football program in order to focus its efforts on its basketball program. Mehling cited the \"extraordinary expenses\" associated with maintaining a first-rate football program.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066864-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Portland Pilots football team\nPortland's decision to cease competition in intercollegiate football was part of a trend among west coast Catholic universities in terminating their football programs: Gonzaga (1942); Saint Mary's (1950); Loyola (1951); San Francisco (1951); and Santa Clara (1952).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066865-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Portuguese legislative election\nParliamentary elections were held in Portugal on 13 November 1949. Following the late withdrawal of the Democratic Opposition, only eight opposition candidates ran against the ruling National Union.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066865-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Portuguese legislative election, Electoral system\nThe elections were held using 21 multi-member constituencies and one single-member constituency covering the Azores, together electing a total of 120 members, 13 of which were from Portuguese colonies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 54], "content_span": [55, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066865-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Portuguese legislative election, Electoral system\nVoters could delete names from the lists of candidates, but could not replace them. Suffrage was given to all men aged 21 or over as long as they were literate or paid over 100 escudos in taxation, and to women aged over 21 if they had completed secondary education, or if they were the head of a household and met the same literacy and tax criteria as men.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 54], "content_span": [55, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066865-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Portuguese legislative election, Campaign\nThe Democratic Opposition withdrew from the election shortly before election day. This left only eight opposition candidates on two lists; a Regionalist list in Castelo Branco including former Prime Minister Francisco Cunha Leal and an Independent Agrarian list in Portalegre including monarchist Pequito Rebelo.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 46], "content_span": [47, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066865-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 Portuguese legislative election, Campaign\nThe communist National Democratic Movement and the Youth Movement for Democratic Union both boycotted the election in protest at a lack of free vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 46], "content_span": [47, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066866-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Portuguese presidential election\nThe 1949 Portuguese presidential election was held on 13 February.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066866-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Portuguese presidential election\nInitially, incumbent president \u00d3scar Carmona was due to face an opponent in General Jos\u00e9 Norton de Matos. However, the Salazar government subjected Norton de Matos and his followers to severe persecution. The intimidation progressed to the point that Norton de Matos pulled out of the contest just before election day. As a result, Carmona was reelected unopposed for a fourth consecutive term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066867-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Preston Municipal Borough Council election\nElections to the Preston Municipal Borough Council were held in late 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066868-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Primera Divisi\u00f3n de Chile\nThe 1949 Campeonato Nacional de F\u00fatbol Profesional was Chilean first tier\u2019s 17th season. Universidad Cat\u00f3lica were the champions, winning their first ever league title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066869-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Princeton Tigers football team\nThe 1949 Princeton Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Princeton University as an independent during the 1949 college football season. In its fourth season under head coach Charlie Caldwell, the team compiled a 6\u20133 record, outscored opponents by a total of 192 to 137, and was ranked No. 18 in the final AP Poll. Princeton played its 1949 home games at Palmer Stadium in Princeton, New Jersey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066870-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario leadership election\nA leadership election was held by the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario on April 27, 1949 to replace retiring  leader and premier George Drew who had resigned after losing his seat in the 1948 provincial election and deciding to enter federal politics. The interim leader of the party (and interim premier) was Thomas Laird Kennedy. The party selected Leslie Frost on the first ballot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 66], "section_span": [66, 66], "content_span": [67, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066872-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Purdue Boilermakers football team\nThe 1949 Purdue Boilermakers football team was an American football team that represented Purdue University during the 1949 Big Nine Conference football season. In their third season under head coach Stu Holcomb, the Boilermakers compiled a 3\u20136 record, finished in eighth place in the Big Ten Conference with a 2\u20134 record against conference opponents, and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 175 to 126.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066872-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Purdue Boilermakers football team\nNotable players from the 1949 Purdue team included tackle Lou Karras and fullback John Kerestes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066873-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Queen Charlotte Islands earthquake\nThe 1949 Queen Charlotte Islands earthquake struck the sparsely populated Queen Charlotte Islands and the Pacific Northwest coast at 8:01\u00a0p.m. PDT on August 21. The shock had a surface wave magnitude of 8.1 and a maximum Mercalli Intensity of VIII (Severe).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066873-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Queen Charlotte Islands earthquake\nThe interplate earthquake began in the ocean bottom just off the rugged coast of Graham Island. It ruptured along the Queen Charlotte Fault both northward and southward more than 500\u00a0km (311\u00a0mi). Shaking was felt throughout British Columbia, parts of Washington, Oregon, Alberta, the Yukon, and Alaska. No deaths were reported in this earthquake.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066873-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Queen Charlotte Islands earthquake, Earthquake\nThe 1949 Queen Charlotte Islands earthquake was caused by a rupture on the Queen Charlotte Fault, which forms part of the boundary between the Pacific and North American plates. This fault runs from northern Vancouver Island, west of the Queen Charlotte Islands, up to the Gulf of Alaska. The earthquake ruptured the fault for a distance more than 500\u00a0km (311\u00a0mi).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 51], "content_span": [52, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066873-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Queen Charlotte Islands earthquake, Earthquake\nBecause this quake occurred before the modern surface wave magnitude scale was developed and widely implemented, this earthquake may have only had the same overall intensity as the 2012 Haida Gwaii earthquake. In future there may be some research done to compare the two earthquake events.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 51], "content_span": [52, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066873-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 Queen Charlotte Islands earthquake, Earthquake\nThis earthquake, larger than the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, is Canada's largest earthquake recorded by seismometers. However, the greatest earthquake in Canadian history was the 1700 Cascadia earthquake, a megathrust earthquake that occurred along the Pacific Northwest coast from Northern California to southwestern British Columbia which reached magnitude 9 on the Richter magnitude scale.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 51], "content_span": [52, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066873-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 Queen Charlotte Islands earthquake, Damage\nAlthough nobody was killed in this earthquake, people and animals were knocked off their feet and there were landslides and other damage. Chimneys tumbled, and an oil tank at Cumshewa Inlet collapsed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 47], "content_span": [48, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066873-0006-0000", "contents": "1949 Queen Charlotte Islands earthquake, Damage\nIn the service community of Terrace, away on the mainland, cars were bounced around, and standing on the street was described as \"like being on the heaving deck of a ship at sea\". In the port city of Prince Rupert, windows were destroyed and buildings swung.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 47], "content_span": [48, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066874-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Queensland Airlines Lockheed Lodestar crash\nOn 10 March 1949 a Lockheed Lodestar aircraft became airborne at Coolangatta, Queensland, Australia for a flight to Brisbane. Before reaching a height of 300 feet (90\u00a0m) it suddenly pitched nose-up, stalled and crashed onto its belly beyond the end of the airstrip.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066874-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Queensland Airlines Lockheed Lodestar crash\nFuel from the aircraft's tanks caught fire and the aircraft burned fiercely. All 21 people on board died, either of injuries during the crash or in the ensuing conflagration. It was the worst civil aviation accident in Queensland at the time, and the second-worst accident in Australia. It occurred exactly three years after the worst, the ANA DC-3 crash near Hobart on 10 March 1946.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066874-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Queensland Airlines Lockheed Lodestar crash\nInvestigation of the crash uncovered some errors in the information used to determine the position of the aircraft's centre of gravity. It became clear that the aircraft had taken off with its centre of gravity slightly outside the approved limits. Investigators also found evidence that the takeoff may have been performed with the elevator trim tab still set for landing. If the elevator trim tab had not been set for takeoff this would have been exacerbated by the incorrect position of the centre of gravity and the aircraft would have been uncontrollable.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066874-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Queensland Airlines Lockheed Lodestar crash, The flight\nQueensland Airlines used Lockheed Lodestar VH-BAG to conduct a regular passenger service between Brisbane, Casino, Coffs Harbour, Coolangatta and Brisbane. VH-BAG arrived at Bilinga airstrip, on the outskirts of Coolangatta, from Coffs Harbour with 11 of its 16 passenger seats occupied. Some passengers left the aircraft at Bilinga and others boarded for the flight of 45 nautical miles (83\u00a0km) to Archerfield Airport in Brisbane.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 60], "content_span": [61, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066874-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 Queensland Airlines Lockheed Lodestar crash, The flight\nThe aircraft was parked at the Queensland Airlines terminal for about a quarter of an hour before departing at 11:15\u00a0am local time. On board were 16 adult passengers and 2 infants, 2 pilots and an air hostess. All passenger seats were occupied. Observers saw the aircraft taxi to the end of the strip, turn around and promptly commence its take-off run.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 60], "content_span": [61, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066874-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 Queensland Airlines Lockheed Lodestar crash, The crash\nThe take-off appeared to be normal until the undercarriage was retracted. The aircraft quickly pitched nose-up into an almost vertical attitude. First the aircraft rolled to the right until the wing was almost vertical, then it rolled to the left. The aircraft reached a height estimated to be between 200 and 300 feet (60 and 90\u00a0m) and then began descending and curving to the left. It continued to descend until it crashed onto its belly, tree stumps tearing open the underside of the left wing and the fuselage beneath the cabin door.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 59], "content_span": [60, 597]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066874-0005-0001", "contents": "1949 Queensland Airlines Lockheed Lodestar crash, The crash\nThe aircraft slid for only about 20 yards (18\u00a0m) before stopping about 100 yards (91\u00a0m) beyond the end of the strip. It came to rest in the shallow waters of a swamp at the edge of the airstrip. Within seconds of the crash, flame and black smoke erupted from the wreckage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 59], "content_span": [60, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066874-0006-0000", "contents": "1949 Queensland Airlines Lockheed Lodestar crash, The crash\nOnly a small number of people were at the airstrip and saw the crash. The airport groundsman and an airline staff member grabbed portable fire extinguishers, jumped into a car and raced across the airstrip. Others at the airstrip and nearby beaches ran towards the burning aircraft. The aircraft's cabin door had been torn away by a tree stump and lay about 30 feet (10\u00a0m) behind the aircraft but despite the open doorway no-one inside the passenger cabin attempted to escape. Fuel floating on the surface of the water was burning fiercely, making it dangerous to approach the wreckage. One of the first witnesses to reach the scene believed he saw two people at the front of the passenger cabin who were alive but before he could get close enough to investigate he was driven back by flames.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 59], "content_span": [60, 852]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066874-0007-0000", "contents": "1949 Queensland Airlines Lockheed Lodestar crash, The crash\nA fire engine from Coolangatta arrived within minutes of the crash. The boggy swamp made it difficult to manoeuvre the vehicle close to the wreckage. Firemen initially attacked the fire with portable fire extinguishers and then used the fire engine to pump water from the swamp onto the blazing wreckage. Two firemen found a way around the burning fuel on the surface of the water and climbed onto the wing with their hose. The fire burned fiercely for 30 minutes but was not completely extinguished for another hour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 59], "content_span": [60, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066874-0007-0001", "contents": "1949 Queensland Airlines Lockheed Lodestar crash, The crash\nApart from the outer wings and the tail section, little of the aircraft was recognisable. Both halves of the tailplane were visibly bent downwards. The wreckage of the wings and engine mounts also showed they had suffered severe downward bending indicating the severity of the impact. The charred body of one of the pilots was half-way out a cockpit window, suggesting he survived the crash and attempted to escape from the wreckage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 59], "content_span": [60, 493]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066874-0008-0000", "contents": "1949 Queensland Airlines Lockheed Lodestar crash, The crash\nAt 3:15\u00a0pm police, ambulance and volunteers began to remove the bodies of victims from the wreckage. By 4:30\u00a0pm 20 bodies had been recovered. All were burned beyond recognition. Searching for the body of the final victim, a rope was attached to the row of burned seats and a truck was used to move the seat row. Underneath the seats was the body of a man, almost submerged under the water, his face protected by the swamp water and still recognisable.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 59], "content_span": [60, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066874-0009-0000", "contents": "1949 Queensland Airlines Lockheed Lodestar crash, Investigation\nThe Director-General of Civil Aviation immediately appointed an investigation panel comprising specialists from the Department of Civil Aviation. Evidence from eyewitnesses led the panel to conclude that the aircraft climbed to a height of less than 500 feet (150\u00a0m) and then stalled. An initial investigation of the aircraft showed no evidence of any failure in the control system. The throttles were fully open, the magneto switches on, and the propellers in fine pitch. The undercarriage was retracted, but the flaps were extended 15\u00b0. The disposition of the cables on the trim tab mechanism showed a setting typical of a landing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 63], "content_span": [64, 697]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066874-0010-0000", "contents": "1949 Queensland Airlines Lockheed Lodestar crash, Investigation\nIn its report the panel stated the accident was caused by the aircraft being loaded so its centre of gravity was behind the rear limit. The report also stated that incorrect setting of the elevator trim tab may have been a contributory cause.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 63], "content_span": [64, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066874-0011-0000", "contents": "1949 Queensland Airlines Lockheed Lodestar crash, Investigation\nThe rear limit for the centre of gravity was 39% of Mean Aerodynamic Chord. The load sheet prepared for the fatal flight indicated the centre of gravity of VH-BAG was at 39.2% of Mean Aerodynamic Chord. The load sheet was based on a load chart prepared by the Department of Civil Aviation and based on information supplied by the RAAF. During the investigation, inquiries were made with the US Civil Aeronautics Administration and this revealed an error in the load chart.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 63], "content_span": [64, 536]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066874-0011-0001", "contents": "1949 Queensland Airlines Lockheed Lodestar crash, Investigation\nThe main undercarriage of the Lockheed Lodestar retracted to the rear so that retraction caused the centre of gravity to move rearwards but this was not taken into account in the design of the load chart. Other errors also came to light. The passenger seats were 1 inch (25\u00a0mm) further apart than shown on the load chart, causing the centre of gravity to be further to the rear than calculated, especially when the aircraft was fully loaded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 63], "content_span": [64, 505]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066874-0011-0002", "contents": "1949 Queensland Airlines Lockheed Lodestar crash, Investigation\nUp to 18 kilograms (40\u00a0lb) of food and beverages for the passengers were stored at the rear of the passenger cabin but were not taken into account on the load chart. Investigation of the accident concluded that after the aircraft's undercarriage retracted, the centre of gravity would have been at about 43.4% of Mean Aerodynamic Chord. With the centre of gravity 4% of MAC behind the rear limit the aircraft would have been tail-heavy and longitudinally unstable.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 63], "content_span": [64, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066874-0012-0000", "contents": "1949 Queensland Airlines Lockheed Lodestar crash, Investigation\nThe aircraft had been in daily civil operations in Australia since November 1946 so the investigators assumed there must have been numerous flights with the centre of gravity significantly more than 39% of Mean Aerodynamic Chord. It was necessary for the investigators to find something unique about the fatal flight of VH-BAG that would explain its sudden climb immediately after take-off and the pilot's inability to regain control and prevent the aircraft crashing. The aircraft's tailplane was one of the few parts of the aircraft not destroyed by fire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 63], "content_span": [64, 621]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066874-0012-0001", "contents": "1949 Queensland Airlines Lockheed Lodestar crash, Investigation\nThe position of the elevator trim tab spool appeared to be in the normal position for landing rather than a typical position for take-off. The investigators concluded that on the final takeoff it was likely that the elevator trim tab was still set for landing. This, coupled with the aircraft being tail-heavy and longitudinally unstable after undercarriage retraction, caused the aircraft to pitch nose-up so strongly that the pilot was unable to retain control or prevent the aircraft stalling.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 63], "content_span": [64, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066874-0013-0000", "contents": "1949 Queensland Airlines Lockheed Lodestar crash, Investigation\nMinister for Civil Aviation Arthur Drakeford made a public announcement that the accident had occurred because the aircraft was tail-heavy and unstable as the result of incorrect loading. The Minister said the operator had not taken adequate steps to ensure safe loading of its aircraft and he hinted that stricter regulation of the loading of aircraft was being considered.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 63], "content_span": [64, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066874-0014-0000", "contents": "1949 Queensland Airlines Lockheed Lodestar crash, Investigation\nThe Minister announced that a public inquiry into the accident was unnecessary because the exact cause had been determined by his Department's investigation. He also refused to make public the investigation panel's report. This secrecy attracted criticism.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 63], "content_span": [64, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066874-0015-0000", "contents": "1949 Queensland Airlines Lockheed Lodestar crash, Inquest\nPost-mortem examinations were performed on the bodies. In addition to varying degrees of incineration, fractures of the skull, legs, arms and wrists were found. Even if the aircraft had not caught fire, a number of the occupants would have died from injuries they received in the crash.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 57], "content_span": [58, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066874-0016-0000", "contents": "1949 Queensland Airlines Lockheed Lodestar crash, Inquest\nAn inquest into the deaths of the 21 occupants was conducted by the Southport District Coroner Mr P.W. Shepherd. The inquest was conducted over a period of 16 days, making it Queensland's longest-running coronial inquest. The inquest heard from 22 witnesses.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 57], "content_span": [58, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066874-0017-0000", "contents": "1949 Queensland Airlines Lockheed Lodestar crash, Inquest\nCounsel representing the aircraft operator, Queensland Airlines, asked that the report of the investigation panel be made available to him. He complained that the report was critical of Queensland Airlines and yet he did not have the opportunity to read it, test its validity or cross-examine members of the investigation panel. He also complained about the implication that Queensland Airlines was guilty of causing the crash and said legal counsel for some of the parties were using the Coroner's inquest to prepare for legal action against Queensland Airlines.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 57], "content_span": [58, 621]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066874-0017-0001", "contents": "1949 Queensland Airlines Lockheed Lodestar crash, Inquest\nHe interrupted evidence being presented by a member of the Department's investigation panel to ask that the panel's report be made available. Counsel representing the Department of Civil Aviation passed this request to the Director-General of Civil Aviation but the Director-General's response was that the report was not to be made available to legal representatives or the public.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 57], "content_span": [58, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066874-0018-0000", "contents": "1949 Queensland Airlines Lockheed Lodestar crash, Inquest\nThe Queensland Attorney-General, Mr Devries, announced that Coroners' reports were confidential and for the benefit of the Attorney-General. He said the report by Mr Shepherd into the deaths of 21 people at Bilinga airstrip on 10 March would not be made public. This decision attracted criticism.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 57], "content_span": [58, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066874-0019-0000", "contents": "1949 Queensland Airlines Lockheed Lodestar crash, Inquest, Aircraft loading\nQueensland Airlines and its agents did not have weighing scales for use with passengers and luggage. The Traffic Manager for Queensland Airlines advised that sets of weighing scales had been purchased but were not in use because they had not been approved by the Department of Weights and Measures. He said that at every port other than Bilinga passengers could use some other company's weighing scales, and passengers intending to board at Bilinga could use the weighing scales at the nearby railway station. Staff of Queensland Airlines at Bilinga asked passengers to estimate their weight. The company allotted particular seats to its passengers but passengers did not always occupy the seats allotted to them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 75], "content_span": [76, 789]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066874-0020-0000", "contents": "1949 Queensland Airlines Lockheed Lodestar crash, Inquest, Aircraft loading\nThe weight of the aircraft at the time of take-off was within the maximum limit specified in its certificate of airworthiness. After the undercarriage retracted, the aircraft's centre of gravity was behind the rear limit by between 4.3% and 4.9% of Mean Aerodynamic Chord.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 75], "content_span": [76, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066874-0021-0000", "contents": "1949 Queensland Airlines Lockheed Lodestar crash, Inquest, Aircraft loading\nThe Chief Pilot of Queensland Airlines told the inquest he did not believe the accident was caused by incorrect loading of the aircraft. He said the load sheet showed the aircraft's centre of gravity was at 39.2% of Mean Aerodynamic Chord and therefore only slightly outside the approved limit. He said if the aircraft's centre of gravity was significantly behind its rear limit the pilot would become aware of it before the aircraft left the ground. It was his opinion that some other mechanical problem must have occurred to cause the accident.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 75], "content_span": [76, 622]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066874-0022-0000", "contents": "1949 Queensland Airlines Lockheed Lodestar crash, Inquest, Air hostess\nThe body of the air hostess was found in the cockpit rather than near the hostess's seat at the rear of the passenger cabin. The Chief Pilot of Queensland Airlines suggested the pilot would have examined the waybill and would have been aware the aircraft was tail-heavy. It was likely he asked the air hostess to sit in the cockpit during the take-off to eliminate the tail-heaviness. The Chief Pilot told the inquest the loading chart indicated that if the air hostess had been sitting in the cockpit the aircraft's centre of gravity would have been within the approved limits.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 70], "content_span": [71, 649]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066874-0023-0000", "contents": "1949 Queensland Airlines Lockheed Lodestar crash, Inquest, Pilot competency\nThe pilot and co-pilot on the fatal flight both had substantial experience with the armed services before joining Queensland Airlines. Since joining the company the pilot had accumulated about another 2300\u00a0hours, and the co-pilot about another 1700\u00a0hours. The Chief Pilot of Queensland Airlines told the inquest that both were excellent aviators.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 75], "content_span": [76, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066874-0024-0000", "contents": "1949 Queensland Airlines Lockheed Lodestar crash, Inquest, The Keegan family\nFour of the passengers on the fatal flight were from one family. Captain Harold Keegan, his wife and their two infant sons aged 2\u00bd years and 1 year boarded the aircraft at Bilinga to return to Archerfield. They had been holidaying at nearby Coolangatta. Captain Keegan was the Chief Pilot for Queensland Airlines.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 76], "content_span": [77, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066874-0025-0000", "contents": "1949 Queensland Airlines Lockheed Lodestar crash, Inquest, The Keegan family\nThe Traffic Manager for Queensland Airlines, Mr Desmond Leigh, had flown from Brisbane to Bilinga airstrip earlier in the day and wanted to fly back to Brisbane. All seats were reserved so he decided to off-load Captain Keegan. There were allegations that Mr Leigh may have argued with the pilot about being allowed to board the flight in place of Captain Keegan. There was also an allegation that Mr Leigh boarded the Lodestar and only left when chased off by the pilot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 76], "content_span": [77, 548]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066874-0025-0001", "contents": "1949 Queensland Airlines Lockheed Lodestar crash, Inquest, The Keegan family\nThis may have been significant to the investigation of the crash if an argument so distracted the pilots that they omitted to properly set the elevator trim prior to take-off. Mr Leigh told the inquest that when he learned Captain Keegan was travelling with his wife and two children he changed his decision and allowed Captain Keegan to accompany his family. He said he decided to return to Brisbane by train. Another witness also denied there had been an argument between Mr Leigh and the pilot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 76], "content_span": [77, 574]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066874-0026-0000", "contents": "1949 Queensland Airlines Lockheed Lodestar crash, Inquest, The Keegan family\nCaptain Keegan and his wife boarded the plane and each placed one of their sons on their lap. The inquest was concerned that as the Keegan family boarded the flight at Bilinga airstrip their weights, and particularly the weight of Captain Keegan, may not have been properly taken into account in determining the position of the centre of gravity.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 76], "content_span": [77, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066874-0027-0000", "contents": "1949 Queensland Airlines Lockheed Lodestar crash, Allegations of secrecy\nThe apparent secrecy surrounding the report written by the investigation panel from the Department of Civil Aviation attracted strong criticism. After the Minister, Mr Drakeford, announced to the House of Representatives that there was no need for a public inquiry into the disaster because he and his Department already knew the cause, he was attacked for presuming to know all the reasons when the Coroner's inquest was still in progress. An editorial in the Brisbane Courier-Mail claimed the Minister was trying to avoid public inquiries into aviation accidents. The Attorney-General's decision to withhold the Coroner's report also attracted strong criticism.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 72], "content_span": [73, 736]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066874-0028-0000", "contents": "1949 Queensland Airlines Lockheed Lodestar crash, Allegations of secrecy\nIn the report of the Air Court of Inquiry into the 1948 crash of the DC-3 Lutana, Mr Justice William Simpson was strongly critical of the Department of Civil Aviation's air navigation policy. The Minister, Mr Drakeford, vigorously defended his Department against Justice Simpson's criticism. Justice Simpson was attacked in the Senate. An editorial in the Courier-Mail attacked the secrecy surrounding the Queensland Airlines accident and claimed that by not publishing his Department's report the Minister, Mr Drakeford, showed he had learned nothing from Justice Simpson's inquiry into the crash of the Lutana.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 72], "content_span": [73, 685]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066874-0029-0000", "contents": "1949 Queensland Airlines Lockheed Lodestar crash, Aircraft\nThe aircraft was manufactured in 1942 as a model C-60 for the RAF and assigned constructor's serial number 2194. The RAF order was cancelled so it was delivered to the USAAF and assigned military serial number 42-32174. In September 1942 it arrived in Brisbane and saw military service with the USAAF and RAAF. In June 1945 it was withdrawn from service at Parafield Airport, South Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 58], "content_span": [59, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066874-0029-0001", "contents": "1949 Queensland Airlines Lockheed Lodestar crash, Aircraft\nIn February 1946 it was sold to a Brisbane company, Aircrafts  [sic] Pty Ltd, and converted to civil configuration by installation of 8 passenger seats either side of a central aisle, and a seat at the rear for an air hostess. In November 1946 it was registered VH-BAG. In October 1948 Aircrafts Pty Ltd began trading under the name Queensland Airlines and used VH-BAG on regular airline services. It was the only Lockheed Lodestar in regular airline services in Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 58], "content_span": [59, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066875-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Railway Cup Hurling Championship\nThe 1949 Railway Cup Hurling Championship was the 23rd series of the inter-provincial hurling Railway Cup. Three matches were played between 13 February 1949 and 17 March 1949 to decide the title. It was contested by Connacht, Leinster, Munster and Ulster.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066875-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Railway Cup Hurling Championship\nOn 17 March 1949, Munster won the Railway Cup after a 5-03 to 2-09 defeat of Connacht in the final at Croke Park, Dublin. It was their 17th Railway Cup title overall and their second title in succession. The attendance of 40,091 set a new record for the Railway Cup finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066875-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Railway Cup Hurling Championship\nConnacht's Josie Gallagher was the Railway Cup top scorer with 3-09.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066877-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Raisin Bowl (December)\nThe 1949 Raisin Bowl (December) was an American college football bowl game played on December 31, 1949 at Ratcliffe Stadium in Fresno, California. The game pitted the San Jose State Spartans and the Texas Tech Red Raiders. This was the fifth and final Raisin Bowl played.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066877-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Raisin Bowl (December), Background\nSan Jose State won eight games in the regular season, though they were invited to their second bowl game in four seasons. Texas Tech finished as champion of the Border Intercollegiate Athletic Association for the third straight year and fourth in seven years (with no champion awarded from 1943-45). This was their fifth bowl game in 11 years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066877-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Raisin Bowl (December), Game summary\nIn a game that started and ended with fog, San Jose State pulled through with quick scoring to win their second ever bowl game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 41], "content_span": [42, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066877-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Raisin Bowl (December), Aftermath\nWith the win, San Jose State had won nine games for the fourth straight season. They did not win 9 games again until 1975. Incidentally, they did not reach a bowl game until the Pasadena Bowl in 1971 and a major bowl game until 1981. Texas Tech returned to a bowl game in 1952, which they won for their first ever win in school history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 38], "content_span": [39, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066878-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Raisin Bowl (January)\nThe 1949 Raisin Bowl was held on January 1, 1949 at Ratcliffe Stadium in Fresno, California. This was the fourth annual Raisin Bowl and the last one played in January. The Occidental Tigers defeated the Colorado A&M Aggies by a score of 21\u201320. The game was the highest scoring of the five Raisin Bowls played.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066878-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Raisin Bowl (January), Scoring summary\nThe first quarter was scoreless, but the action happened as soon as the second quarter began. Bob Hainlen attempted a field goal for the Aggies which was good, but it was nullified by a penalty. On the next play, he faked a field goal attempt, throwing the ball to a wide open Keith Thompson for a touchdown. Frank Faucett's kick was blocked, however, leaving it at 6-0. With 35 seconds remaining, Eddie Hanna ran for a 71-yard touchdown run to make it 13-0 before halftime. In the second half, the Tigers came roaring back.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 43], "content_span": [44, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066878-0001-0001", "contents": "1949 Raisin Bowl (January), Scoring summary\nDon Ross connected on a touchdown pass to Bill Pearson from 17 yards out to narrow the lead with 7:16 in the 3rd quarter. Early into the fourth quarter, Ross threw another touchdown pass to Pearson to take the lead for Occidental. On the second play after the kickoff, Eddie Hanna took the ball and ran 79 yards down the sideline to make it 20-14. Less than two minutes later, Ross connected on a 69-yard pass to Bob Levin for a touchdown, which proved to be the winning points as Occidental held on for the rest of the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 43], "content_span": [44, 569]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066878-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Raisin Bowl (January), Aftermath\nOn the way home, the Aggies were forced to stop the plane-ride back to Colorado in Rock Springs, Wyoming for refueling. Due to the high altitude weighing the plane down, 19 of the players (and Athletic Director Harry Hughes) had to be left behind, alongside the equipment. They took a train ride back to Fort Collins, while the other players flew home. They did not return to a bowl game for 41 years, with that game also being played in California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 37], "content_span": [38, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066879-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Redfern state by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Redfern on 8 October 1949 because of the death of George Noble (Labor).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066879-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Redfern state by-election, Aftermath\nKevin Dwyer did not serve for long, losing pre-selection for the 1950 state election and retiring from politics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066880-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Rhode Island State Rams football team\nThe 1949 Rhode Island Rams football team was an American football team that represented Rhode Island State College (later renamed the University of Rhode Island) as a member of the Yankee Conference during the 1949 college football season. In its fifth and final season under head coach Bill Beck, the team compiled a 0\u20138 record (0\u20134 against conference opponents) and finished in last place in the conference. The team played its home games at Meade Stadium in Kingston, Rhode Island.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066881-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Rhodesia vs New Zealand rugby union match\nIn 1949, Rhodesia played a rugby union match against New Zealand (colloquially known as the All Blacks) as a part of the 1949 New Zealand rugby union tour of South Africa. The match was played on 27 July 1949 at Hartsfield Rugby Ground in Bulawayo, Southern Rhodesia. The final result was Rhodesia 10\u20138 New Zealand. As of 2019, this is the only time the All Blacks have been beaten by a non-Test nation and makes Rhodesia one of only eight countries to have won against the All Blacks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066881-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Rhodesia vs New Zealand rugby union match, Background\nRugby in Northern and Southern Rhodesia was governed on an all-Rhodesia basis by the Rhodesia RFU but they were treated as a province of South Africa for rugby reasons and their players were eligible for selection by the South African team. In 1949, the All Blacks visited Rhodesia as a part of their tour of South Africa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 58], "content_span": [59, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066881-0001-0001", "contents": "1949 Rhodesia vs New Zealand rugby union match, Background\nThe New Zealand team's management for the tour had been troubled due to sailing to South Africa on a ship with little space to train, the team not bringing any M\u0101ori players due to South Africa's recently introduced apartheid laws and the fact there was no formal tour coach. The team also travelled with only ten capped players and were led by Fred Allen. As a result of no M\u0101ori players, the All Blacks did not perform their traditional haka before any match in protest with manager Jim Parker explaining \"The war cry is a creation of the M\u0101oris and as we have no M\u0101oris with us we are not giving the war cry.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 58], "content_span": [59, 671]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066881-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Rhodesia vs New Zealand rugby union match, Match\nThe match was played at Hartsfield rugby ground in front of 10,000 spectators. In the first half, Rhodesia opened the scoring with a try from J.A. Brink after a grubber kick into the All Blacks' in-goal area, which was converted by Ed Karg. In the second half, Rhodesia scored another try by John Morkel stealing the ball from the New Zealand fullback Jack Goddard and passing it to Claude Jones for the second try which Karg also converted. The All Blacks responded with a try from Eric Boggs, which was converted by Goddard. They then scored another try from scrum half Bill Conrad which Goddard was unable to convert. Rhodesia then continued with attacking tactics and held out for a 10\u20138 victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 53], "content_span": [54, 754]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066881-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Rhodesia vs New Zealand rugby union match, Aftermath\nAfter the match, John Morkel was carried off on the shoulders of the crowd and stated \"It is not often Rhodesia does a thing like this\". Allen accepted defeat graciously stating \"So far as Rhodesia's win was concerned, they deserved every bit of it and I can tell you that we shall be flat out to reciprocate on Saturday\". Rhodesian folklore later ascribed the victory to the mythical \"Shangani Mermaids\" who supposedly made it harder for visiting rugby teams once they had crossed the Shangani River.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 57], "content_span": [58, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066881-0003-0001", "contents": "1949 Rhodesia vs New Zealand rugby union match, Aftermath\nThe teams met three days later in Salisbury for a second game, which resulted in a 3\u20133 draw. On the way back to South Africa after the Rhodesian games, the All Blacks' train crashed into another train, killing one local Rhodesian railway worker and injuring one All Black. The All Blacks would later go on to lose the South Africa Test series 4\u20130 and Rhodesia scored two of the seven tries the All Blacks had conceded through the whole tour. Rhodesia on the other hand would never win another game against a touring side before being reconstituted as Zimbabwe in 1980.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 57], "content_span": [58, 626]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066882-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Rice Owls football team\nThe 1949 Rice Owls football team was an American football team that represented Rice University during the 1949 college football season. The Owls were led by 10th-year head coach Jess Neely and played their home games at Rice Field in Houston, Texas. The team competed as a member of the Southwest Conference, winning the conference with an unbeaten record of 6\u20130. They ended the regular season with an overall record of 9\u20131, and were ranked fifth in the final AP Poll. Rice was invited to the 1950 Cotton Bowl Classic, where they defeated Southern Conference champion North Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 613]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066883-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Roller Hockey World Cup\nThe 1949 Roller Hockey World Cup was the fifth roller hockey world cup, organized by the F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale de Patinage a Roulettes (now under the name of F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale de Roller Sports). It was contested by 8 national teams (all from Europe) and it is also considered the 1949 European Roller Hockey Championship. All the games were played in the city of Lisbon, in Portugal, the chosen city host.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066884-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Rose Bowl\nThe 1949 Rose Bowl was the 35th edition of the college football bowl game, played at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California on Saturday, January 1. The seventh-ranked Northwestern Wildcats of the Big Nine Conference defeated the #4 California Golden Bears, champions of the Pacific Coast Conference, 20\u201314.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066884-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Rose Bowl\nNorthwestern halfback Frank Aschenbrenner was named the  Player of the Game when the award was created in 1953 and selections were made retroactively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066884-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Rose Bowl\nIt was the third Rose Bowl since the Big Nine and PCC made an exclusive agreement to match their conference champions; the Big Nine team won for the third straight year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066884-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Rose Bowl\nNorthwestern has played in just one Rose Bowl since, 47 years later in January 1996. Until the 2013 Gator Bowl, this was the program's only bowl game win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066884-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 Rose Bowl, Teams, Northwestern Wildcats\nNorthwestern had finished 8\u20132 in the Big 9 Conference, losing only to perennial powerhouses Michigan (0\u201328) and Notre Dame (7\u201312). Northwestern blanked UCLA 19\u20130, Purdue 21\u20130, and Syracuse 48\u20130. Northwestern rallied from three turnovers and a 16-point deficit to defeat Minnesota 19\u201316 as well as defeating Ohio State 21\u20137, Wisconsin 16\u20137, and Illinois 20\u20137. The Big Nine's \"no repeat\" rule prevented two-time champion Michigan from making a consecutive trip to the Rose Bowl, so second-place Northwestern received the invitation to the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 44], "content_span": [45, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066884-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 Rose Bowl, Teams, California Golden Bears\nCalifornia had a perfect record going into the game and had averaged 28 points per game over the course of the season. Although neither team had faced each other before, Coach Waldorf had previously been the Wildcats coach from 1935 to 1946 before leaving for the Golden Bears. Northwestern head coach Bob Voigts was only 33-years-old and had been named an All-American in 1938 playing for Waldorf.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 46], "content_span": [47, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066884-0006-0000", "contents": "1949 Rose Bowl, Teams, California Golden Bears\nCalifornia and Oregon both had perfect records in the Pacific Coast Conference. California was undefeated overall, and Oregon's only loss was at undefeated Michigan, that year's national champions, and the Ducks had seven victories in the PCC to Cal's six. Oregon, led by quarterback Norm Van Brocklin and halfback John McKay, opted for a playoff game, but California declined. The tiebreaker format the PCC elected to use was that the championship team be elected by the schools.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 46], "content_span": [47, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066884-0006-0001", "contents": "1949 Rose Bowl, Teams, California Golden Bears\nThe PCC had ten members in 1948, six in the Northwest and four in California, so it was assumed that Oregon would be the team playing in the Rose Bowl, as even a 5\u20135 tie vote would be in their favor. Instead California was voted champion of the PCC, because the University of Washington had persuaded the University of Montana, then a member of the PCC, to vote for California, something that has not been forgotten by Oregon fans. (The PCC allowed a second bowl team that season and Oregon went to the Cotton Bowl, but lost 21\u201313 to hometown SMU in Dallas.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 46], "content_span": [47, 605]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066884-0007-0000", "contents": "1949 Rose Bowl, Game summary\nFrank Aschenbrenner ran 73 yards, the longest touchdown return in Rose Bowl history. In the second quarter, the Wildcats were awarded a touchdown in a controversial call when Art Murakowski fumbled the ball entering the endzone, but missed the point-after. Although Jensen is injured early in the third quarter, Cal mounted a 56-yard drive for a touchdown and point-after giving them a one-point lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 28], "content_span": [29, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066884-0008-0000", "contents": "1949 Rose Bowl, Game summary\nIn the fourth quarter, with less than three minutes and 88 yards to go, the Wildcats launched a historic drive: Aschenbrenner made the only complete pass of the game to Stonesifer for 18 yards, followed by a 14-yard run by Perricone, a 5-yard penalty against Cal, and then a Statue of Liberty play and 45-yard run by Ed Tunnicliff for a touchdown. The Bears attempted a passing drive in the last minute, but PeeWee Day intercepted a pass to end Cal's hopes of a\u00a0title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 28], "content_span": [29, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066884-0009-0000", "contents": "1949 Rose Bowl, Game summary\nBoth Aschenbrenner's and Jensen's runs were from scrimmage. The final touchdown was a direct snap from center to a running back (Tunnicliff) from a T-formation set.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 28], "content_span": [29, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066885-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Roussillon Grand Prix\nThe 1949 Roussillon Grand Prix (formally the IV Grand Prix du Roussillon) was a Grand Prix motor race held at Circuit des Platanes de Perpignan on 8 May 1949. The Grand Prix was raced in two 50 laps sessions, with the final standing given by the addition of the both results.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066885-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Roussillon Grand Prix, Entry list\nJuan Manuel Fangio is on a two victory in a row (San Remo and Pau) for his first racing season in Europe. Henri Louveau share during the races his Delage 3000 n\u00b022 with Francisco Godia Sales. Eug\u00e8ne Martin wasn't present despite his commitment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066885-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Roussillon Grand Prix, Classification\nThe heat 1 saw Juan Manuel Fangio and Luigi Villoresi fight for the first position but the Italian driver entered the pits to repair an oil pump problem. Luigi Villoresi lost 5 laps and Juan Manual Fangio finished the 50 laps first with 25 seconds ahead of Prince Bira.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 42], "content_span": [43, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066885-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Roussillon Grand Prix, Classification\nIn the second heat, Prince Bira took the lead immediately over Juan Manuel Fangio who kept a close gap with the Siam driver. Prince Bira who needed to distance the Argentine attack and realized the fastest lap was 1:27.3 and won Heat 2 with less than a second ahead of Juan Manuel Fangio, Luigi Villoresi finished third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 42], "content_span": [43, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066885-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 Roussillon Grand Prix, Classification\nJuan Manuel Fangio won the Grand Prix. It was his third of four consecutive wins in France. Prince Bira finished second and Argentine Benedicto Campos third. Fangio won his third victory in a row in Grand Prix motor racing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 42], "content_span": [43, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066886-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Rutgers Queensmen football team\nThe 1949 Rutgers Queensmen football team represented Rutgers University in the 1949 college football season. In their eighth season under head coach Harvey Harman, the Queensmen compiled a 6\u20133 record, won the Middle Three Conference championship, and outscored their opponents 266 to 138.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066887-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Ryder Cup\nThe 8th Ryder Cup Matches were held 16\u201317 September 1949, at Ganton Golf Club in Scarborough, North Yorkshire, England. The United States team won the competition by a score of seven to five.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066887-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Ryder Cup\nStill recovering from his near-fatal automobile accident in February, Ben Hogan was the non-playing captain of the U.S. team. He returned as a competitor for a final time in 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066887-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Ryder Cup\nThe U.S. team's decision to bring a half ton of meat to England made headlines.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066887-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Ryder Cup\nHogan objected to the depth of the grooves on some British players' irons, and they were modified before being allowed into the competition. Britain led three to one after the first day, but the U.S. won six of eight matches in singles on Saturday to keep the Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066887-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 Ryder Cup\nThe Ganton course measured 6,632 yards (6,064\u00a0m) for this Ryder Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 83]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066887-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 Ryder Cup, Format\nThe Ryder Cup is a match play event, with each match worth one point. From 1927 through 1959, the format consisted of four foursome (alternate shot) matches on the first day and eight singles matches on the second day, for a total of 12 points. Therefore, 61\u20442 points were required to win the Cup. All matches were played to a maximum of 36 holes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066887-0006-0000", "contents": "1949 Ryder Cup, Teams\nIn April 1949 the British P.G.A. appointed a selection committee of five. The committee consisted of four ex-Ryder Cup players: Dick Burton, Arthur Havers, Alf Padgham and Charles Whitcombe to which would be added the chairman of the P.G.A. to be elected in July. In mid-July a list of 20 possible players was announced, although other players could be added to this list. Charles Whitcombe was announced as the non-playing captain. The list included Henry Cotton who later withdrew because he was returning to his golf school in Monte Carlo and would \"have no opportunity to sharpen up his game.\" The team was selected immediately after the News Chronicle Tournament, a tournament won by Dick Burton, one of the selectors, by 12 strokes. The team was chosen from the 19 remaining possible players announced in July.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 21], "content_span": [22, 838]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066887-0007-0000", "contents": "1949 Ryder Cup, Friday's foursome matches\n18 hole scores: Faulkner/Adams: 3 up, Daly/Bousfield: 2 up, Demaret/Heafner: 1 up, Burton/Lees v Snead/Mangrum: all square.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 41], "content_span": [42, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066887-0008-0000", "contents": "1949 Ryder Cup, Saturday's singles matches\n18 hole scores: Harrison: 7 up, Adams: 1 up, Snead: 1 up, Rees: 4 up, Burton: 1 up, Harbert: 5 up, Demaret: 5 up, Mangrum: 1 up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 42], "content_span": [43, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066887-0009-0000", "contents": "1949 Ryder Cup, Individual player records\nEach entry refers to the Win\u2013Loss\u2013Half record of the player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 41], "content_span": [42, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066888-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 SANFL Grand Final\nThe 1949 SANFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football competition. North Adelaide beat West Torrens 95 to 72.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066889-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 SANFL season\nThe 1949 South Australian National Football League season was the 70th season of the top-level Australian rules football competition in South Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066890-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 SEC Men's Basketball Tournament\nThe 1949 SEC Men's Basketball Tournament took place March 3\u20135, 1949 in Louisville, Kentucky at the Jefferson County Armory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066890-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 SEC Men's Basketball Tournament\nThe Kentucky Wildcats won the tournament championship game by beating Tulane, 68\u201352. The Wildcats would go on to win the 8-team 1949 NCAA Tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066891-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 SMU Mustangs football team\nThe 1949 SMU Mustangs football team was an American football team that represented Southern Methodist University (SMU) as a member of the Southwest Conference (SWC) during the 1949 college football season. In their 12th and final season under head coach Matty Bell, the Mustangs compiled a 5\u20134\u20131 record (2\u20133\u20131 against conference opponents) and outscored opponents by a total of 215 to 204. The team opened the season, 5\u20131\u20131, and reached No. 10 in the AP Poll, but lost the final three games of the season and ended up unranked. The team played its home games at the Cotton Bowl in Dallas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 620]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066891-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 SMU Mustangs football team\nBacks Doak Walker and Kyle Rote were selected by both the Associated Press (AP) and United Press (UP) on the 1949 All-Southwest Conference football team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066892-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Sabena DC-3 Crash\nThe 1949 Sabena DC-3 Crash was the crash of a Douglas DC-3 of the Belgian airline Sabena in Aulnay-sous-Bois, France, on 18 December 1949. None of the eight people on board survived the incident.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066892-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Sabena DC-3 Crash, Aircraft\nThe Douglas DC-3 involved was built in 1946 with serial number 10241 and registration OO-AUQ and was used by the Belgian airline company Sabena from 12 August 1946 until its destruction in 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 32], "content_span": [33, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066892-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Sabena DC-3 Crash, Crash\nThe Sabena flight departed Le Bourget Airport bound for Zaventem Airport with four passengers and four crew members on board at 20.30 pm on 18 December 1949. However, shortly after takeoff while still climbing, one of the wings separated and sent the aircraft in an uncontrolled dive towards the ground. The plane crashed 4\u00a0km southeast of the airport near Aulnay-sous-Bois after clipping a house and burst into flames. Firefighters, Police officers and airport employees reached the crash site to aid any survivors but it was discovered that all eight onboard had perished in the flaming wreckage. The two occupants of the clipped house were unharmed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 29], "content_span": [30, 682]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066892-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Sabena DC-3 Crash, Probable cause\nThe cause of the crash was determined to be caused by the in-flight structural failure of the wing, but the reason for the wing's failure remains unknown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 38], "content_span": [39, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066892-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 Sabena DC-3 Crash, Aftermath\nThe aircraft was destroyed by the impact and post-crash fire and the bodies of the victims were recovered by rescue workers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066893-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Saint Louis Billikens football team\nThe 1949 Saint Louis Billikens football team was an American football team that represented Saint Louis University as a member of the Missouri Valley Conference (MVC) during the 1949 college football season. In its second season under head coach Joe Maniaci, the team compiled a 2\u20136\u20131 record (0\u20133\u20131 against MVC opponents), finished in last place in the conference, and was outscored by a total of 214 to 172. The team played its home games at Walsh Stadium in St. Louis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066894-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Saint Mary's Gaels football team\nThe 1949 Saint Mary's Gaels football team was an American football team that represented Saint Mary's College of California during the 1949 college football season. In their second and final season under head coach Joe Verducci, the Gaels compiled a 3\u20136\u20131 record and were outscored by opponents by a combined total of 243 to 168.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066894-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Saint Mary's Gaels football team\nIn February 1950, Verducci resigned as the Gaels' head football coach to accept the same position at San Francisco State College.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066895-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Saint Vincent Bearcats football team\nThe 1949 Saint Vincent Bearcats football team represented Saint Vincent College during the 1949 college football season. In head coach Al DeLuca's second year, the Bearcats compiled a 10\u20130 record, shut out eight of their ten opponents, and outscored their opponents by a total of 234 to 12. 1949 remains the only undefeated season in program history, the best defensive showing with only twelve points allowed, and their second best offensive showing. The Bearcats were invited to the Tangerine Bowl, where they defeated Emory and Henry, which came into the bowl with an 11\u20130 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 625]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066896-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Salad Bowl\nThe 1949 Salad Bowl was a college football bowl game played between Drake Bulldogs and Arizona Wildcats at Montgomery Stadium in Phoenix, Arizona. The game marked the second bowl game for each school. Drake had previously played in the 1946 Raisin Bowl, while Arizona was featured in the 1921 San Diego E-W Christmas Classic. The game was sponsored by Phoenix Kiwanis Club.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066896-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Salad Bowl\nThe Wildcats out-gained Drake in total yards 355-206; however, the Bulldogs capitalized from three costly Arizona turnovers during the contest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066896-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Salad Bowl, Game summary\nDrake's Frank Metzger scored on a 1-yard run to give the Bulldogs an early 7\u20130 lead. The second quarter would see the Bulldogs go up 14\u20130 thanks to a Floyd Miller 20-yard interception return. An Ed Walgast 15-yard run would cut the lead to 14\u20137 at half. Late in the third quarter, Charlie Hall returned a punt 79-yards for a touchdown, but the ensuing extra point by one of the nation's top kickers Tackett hit the upright, preserving a 14\u201313 lead. Neither team would score in the four quarter. With time running out Arizona fumbled at the Drake 11-yard line on a potential game-winning drive, allowing Drake to capture a 14\u201313 victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 29], "content_span": [30, 666]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066896-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Salad Bowl, Game summary\nThe victory improved Drake's bowl record to 2\u20130. Arizona fell to 0\u20132 in bowl games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 29], "content_span": [30, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066897-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Sammarinese general election\nGeneral elections were held in San Marino on 27 February 1949. The result was a victory for the Committee of Freedom, which won 35 of the 60 seats in the Grand and General Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066897-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Sammarinese general election, Electoral system\nVoters had to be citizens of San Marino, male and at least 24 years old.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 51], "content_span": [52, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066898-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 San Diego State Aztecs football team\nThe 1949 San Diego State Aztecs football team represented San Diego State College during the 1949 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066898-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 San Diego State Aztecs football team\nSan Diego State competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA). The team was led by third-year head coach Bill Schutte, and played home games at both Aztec Bowl and Balboa Stadium. They finished the season with six wins and three losses (6\u20133, 3\u20131 CCAA). Overall, the team was outscored by its opponents 195\u2013200 for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066898-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 San Diego State Aztecs football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo San Diego State players were selected in the 1950 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 66], "content_span": [67, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066898-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 San Diego State Aztecs football team, Team players in the NFL\nThe following finished their San Diego State career in 1949, were not drafted, but played in the NFL.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 66], "content_span": [67, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066899-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 San Francisco 49ers season\nThe 1949 AAFC season was the final season before the league folded and comprised only twelve games instead of the previously standard fourteen. The 49ers, in their fourth season, were unable to improve on the previous season's output of 12\u20132, only posting a record of 9\u20133, however, they were able to make their first playoff appearance. This was due to the league taking a different format, in which the top four teams played a tournament to determine the champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066899-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 San Francisco 49ers season\nThe 49ers, with the second seed, played the third-seeded New York Yankees (8\u20134). With their 17\u20137 victory over the Yankees, the 49ers moved on to play the Cleveland Browns in the league championship. The 49ers ended up losing 21\u20137. Until Super Bowl XLVII, it was the only time the 49ers lost a league title game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066900-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 San Francisco Dons football team\nThe 1949 San Francisco Dons football team was an American football team that represented the University of San Francisco as an independent during the 1949 college football season. In their second season under head coach Joe Kuharich, the Dons compiled a 7\u20133 record and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 260 to 144.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066901-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 San Francisco State Gators football team\nThe 1949 San Francisco State Gators football team represented San Francisco State College during the 1949 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066901-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 San Francisco State Gators football team\nSan Francisco State competed in the Far Western Conference (FWC). The Gators were led by head coach Dick Boyle. Boyle was in the fourth year of his second stint as head coach of the team. They played home games at Cox Stadium in San Francisco, California. The team finished the season with a record of three wins, four losses and one tie (3\u20134\u20131, 1\u20132\u20131 FWC). For the season the team was outscored by its opponents 260\u2013180.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066901-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 San Francisco State Gators football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo San Francisco State players were selected in the 1950 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 70], "content_span": [71, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066902-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 San Jose State Spartans football team\nThe 1949 San Jose State Spartans football team represented San Jose State College during the 1949 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066902-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 San Jose State Spartans football team\nSan Jose State competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association. The team was led by head coach Wilbur V. Hubbard, in his fourth year, and played home games at Spartan Stadium in San Jose, California. They finished the season as champion of the CCAA with a record of nine wins and four losses (9\u20134, 4\u20130 CCAA). As champion, the Spartans were invited to the 1949 Raisin Bowl, played in Fresno, California. They defeated the Border Intercollegiate Athletic Association (Border Conference) champion Texas Tech Red Raiders in the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066902-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 San Jose State Spartans football team, Team players in the NFL\nThe following San Jose State players were selected in the 1950 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 67], "content_span": [68, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066902-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 San Jose State Spartans football team, Team players in the NFL\nThe following finished their San Jose State career in 1949, were not drafted, but played in the NFL.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 67], "content_span": [68, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066903-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 San Remo Grand Prix\nThe 1949 San Remo Grand Prix was a Grand Prix motor race held at San Remo on 3 April 1949. The race, held over two heats, was won by Juan Manuel Fangio.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066904-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Santa Barbara Gauchos football team\nThe 1949 UC Santa Barbara Gauchos football team represented Santa Barbara College during the 1949 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066904-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Santa Barbara Gauchos football team\nSanta Barbara competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA). The team was led by first-year head coach Roy Engle and played home games at La Playa Stadium in Santa Barbara, California. They finished the season with a record of two wins and seven losses (2\u20137, 1\u20133 CCAA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066904-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Santa Barbara Gauchos football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Santa Barbara Gaucho players were selected in the 1950 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 65], "content_span": [66, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066904-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Santa Barbara Gauchos football team, Team players in the NFL\nThe following finished their Santa Barbara Gauchos career in 1949, were not drafted, but played in the NFL.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 65], "content_span": [66, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066905-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Santa Clara Broncos football team\nThe 1949 Santa Clara Broncos football team was an American football team that represented Santa Clara University during the 1949 college football season. In their fourth season under head coach Len Casanova, the Broncos compiled an 8\u20132\u20131 record, were ranked No. 15 in the final AP Poll, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 222 to 114.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066905-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Santa Clara Broncos football team\nThe Broncos' victories included a 14\u20130 besting of UCLA, a 19\u20136 victory over Saint Mary's, and a 21\u201313 victory over Bear Bryant's Kentucky Wildcats in the 1950 Orange Bowl. The team's two losses came against Pacific Coast Conference champion California (ranked No. 3 in the final AP Poll) and undefeated Oklahoma (ranked No. 2 in the AP Poll).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066905-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Santa Clara Broncos football team\nGuard Vern Sterling was selected by both the Associated Press and International News Service as a first-team player on the 1949 All-Pacific Coast football team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066905-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Santa Clara Broncos football team\nAfter the 1949 season, coach Casanova left Santa Clara to become head coach at Pittsburgh. He also served as head coach at Oregon from 1951 to 1966.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066906-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Santos FC season\nThe 1949 season was the thirty-eighth season for Santos FC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 81]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066907-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Sardinian regional election\nThe Sardinian regional election of 1949 took place on 8 May 1949. The Italian Constitution of 1948 granted a special autonomy to Sardinia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066907-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Sardinian regional election\nAfter the election Luigi Crespellani, a Christian Democrat, formed a government with the Sardinian Action Party, a social-liberal regionalist party, that eventually quit the government in 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066908-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Scottish League Cup Final\nThere were two Scottish League Cup Finals played in 1949:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066909-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Scottish League Cup Final (March)\nThe 1948\u201349 Scottish League Cup Final was played on 12 March 1949, at Hampden Park in Glasgow and was the final of the third Scottish League Cup competition. The final was contested by Rangers and Raith Rovers. Rangers won the match 2\u20130 thanks to goals by Torrance Gillick and Willie Paton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066910-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Scottish League Cup Final (October)\nThe 1949\u201350 Scottish League Cup Final was played on 29 October 1949, at Hampden Park in Glasgow and was the final of the fourth Scottish League Cup competition. The final was a Fife derby match contested by East Fife and Dunfermline Athletic. East Fife won the match 3\u20130 thanks to goals by Davie Duncan, Charlie Fleming and Henry Morris.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066911-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n Peruana\nThe 1948 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n Peruana, the second division of Peruvian football (soccer), was played by 8 teams. The tournament winners, Jorge Ch\u00e1vez (C) and Ciclista Lima were promoted to the Primera Divisi\u00f3n Peruana 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066912-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 South American Basketball Championship\nThe 1949 South American Basketball Championship was the 14th edition of this regional tournament. It was held in Asunci\u00f3n, Paraguay and won by the Uruguay national basketball team. 6 teams competed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066912-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 South American Basketball Championship, Results\nEach team played the other five teams once, for a total of five games played by each team and 15 overall in the preliminary round. Ties in the standings were broken by head-to-head results, as only a tie for first would have resulted in a final match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 52], "content_span": [53, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066913-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 South American Championship\nThe 1949 South American Championship was the 21st. edition of the Copa Am\u00e9rica, the main national team football competition in South America. It was held in, and won by, Brazil. Paraguay finished as runner-up while Argentina withdrew from the tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066913-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 South American Championship\nThis achievement ended a 27-year streak without official titles for the Brazilians. The last one had been in the 1922 South American Championship, also played on Brazilian soil. Jair Rosa Pinto from Brazil was the top scorer of the tournament, with nine goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066913-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 South American Championship, Squads\nFor a complete list of participating squads, see: 1949 South American Championship squads", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 40], "content_span": [41, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066913-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 South American Championship, Final round, Play Offs\nA playoff match was played between Brazil and Paraguay to determine the champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 56], "content_span": [57, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066914-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 South American Championship Final\nThe 1949 South American Championship Final was the final match to determine the winner of the 1949 South American Championship, the 21st. edition of this continental competition. It was held on May 11, 1949, in Est\u00e1dio S\u00e3o Janu\u00e1rio of Rio de Janeiro. Brazil hosted the tournament after 27 years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066914-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 South American Championship Final\nBrazil had won all its previous matches, thrashing their rivals in all of them (totalising 36 goals in 5 games). Nevertheless, the 2\u20131 loss to Paraguay caused both teams tied on points so a final match had to be played to crown a champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066914-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 South American Championship Final\nOn the other hand, the Paraguay side had a strong team with such notable players, regarded by some journalists as the best of its history. In fact, the Paraguayan side achieved some notable results such as the 2nd place in the previous edition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066914-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 South American Championship Final\nBrazil won the match against Paraguay, thrashing them by 7\u20130 and winning its 3rd. continental title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066915-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 South American Championship squads\nThese are the squads for the countries that played in the 1949 South American Championship. The participating countries were Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru and Uruguay. Argentina withdrew from the tournament. The teams plays in a single round-robin tournament, earning two points for a win, one point for a draw, and zero points for a loss.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066916-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 South American Championships in Athletics\nThe 1949 South American Championships in Athletics  were held in the Peruvian capital, Lima, between 16 and 24 April.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066917-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 South Carolina Gamecocks football team\nThe 1949 South Carolina Gamecocks football team was an American football team that represented the University of South Carolina as a member of the Southern Conference during the 1949 college football season. In their ninth season under head coach Rex Enright, South Carolina compiled a 4\u20136 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066918-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 South Dakota Coyotes football team\nThe 1949 South Dakota Coyotes football team was an American football team that represented the University of South Dakota in the North Central Conference (NCC) during the 1949 college football season. In its 12th season under head coach Harry Gamage, the team compiled a 2\u20135\u20132 record (2\u20132\u20132 against NCC opponents), finished in fifth place out of seven teams in the NCC, and was outscored by a total of 199 to 163. The team played its home games at Inman Field in Vermillion, South Dakota.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066919-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 South Dakota State Jackrabbits football team\nThe 1949 South Dakota State Jackrabbits football team was an American football team that represented South Dakota State University in the North Central Conference (NCC) during the 1949 college football season. In its third season under head coach Ralph Ginn, the team compiled a 7\u20133 record, tied for the NCC championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 183 to 175.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066920-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 South Sydney Rabbitohs season\nThe 1949 South Sydney Rabbitohs season was the 42nd in the club's history. The club competed in the New South Wales Rugby Football League Premiership (NSWRFL), finishing the season as runner-ups and minor premiers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066921-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Southern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament\nThe 1949 Southern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament took place from March 2\u20134, 1949 at Duke Indoor Stadium in Durham, North Carolina. The North Carolina State Wolfpack won their fourth Southern Conference title, led by head coach Everett Case.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066921-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Southern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament, Format\nThe top eight finishers of the conference's sixteen members were eligible for the tournament. Teams were seeded based on conference winning percentage. The tournament used a preset bracket consisting of three rounds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 60], "content_span": [61, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066922-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Southern Illinois Maroons football team\nThe 1949 Southern Illinois Maroons football team was an American football team that represented Southern Illinois University (now known as Southern Illinois University Carbondale) in the Illinois Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (IIAC) during the 1949 college football season. Under tenth-year head coach Glenn Martin, the team compiled a 2\u20137 record. The team played its home games at McAndrew Stadium in Carbondale, Illinois.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066923-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Southern Jaguars football team\nThe 1949 Southern Jaguars football team was an American football team that represented Southern University in the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC) during the 1949 college football season. In their 14th season under head coach Ace Mumford, the Jaguars compiled a 10\u20130\u20131 record (6\u20130\u20131 against SWAC opponents), won the SWAC championship, and outscored all opponents by a total of 405 to 65. The team played its home games at University Stadium in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. The team was recognized by some as the black college national champion, though the Pittsburgh Courier with its Dickinson Rating System rated Southern at No. 2 behind Morgan State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 690]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066924-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Southwark Borough election\nElections to Metropolitan Borough of Southwark were held in 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066924-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Southwark Borough election\nThe borough had ten wards which returned between 3 and 8 members. Labour won all the seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066925-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Southwestern Louisiana Bulldogs football team\nThe 1949 Southwestern Louisiana Bulldogs football team was an American football team that represented the Southwestern Louisiana Institute of Liberal and Technical Learning (now known as the University of Louisiana at Lafayette) in the Gulf States Conference during the 1949 college football season. In their third year under head coach Gee Mitchell, the team compiled a 6\u20133 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066926-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Soviet Cup\nThe 1949 Soviet Cup was an association football cup competition of the Soviet Union.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066927-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Soviet First League\nFollowing are the results of the 1949 Soviet First League football championship. FC Spartak Tbilisi winning the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066927-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Soviet First League, Qualifying stage, Ukrainian Zone\nDespite promotion of Shakhtar Stalino and Lokomotyv Kharkiv, the Ukrainian zone was expanded further from 16 to 18 teams. Also the Ukrainian zone was left without Dinamo Kishenev that was relocated to the Central zone. There were no promotions from the 1948 Football Championship of the Ukrainian SSR, instead to the zone were admitted following teams: Spartak Kyiv, Torpedo Kharkiv, Dynamo Chernivtsi, Trudovye Rezervy Voroshylovhrad and DO Lviv. Dynamo Chernivtsi was the only team from the 1948 Ukrainian championship placing 8th out 9 teams in group 10.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 58], "content_span": [59, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066928-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Soviet Top League\nFollowing are the results of the 1949 Soviet Top League football championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066929-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Sowerby by-election\nA by-election for the constituency of Sowerby in the United Kingdom House of Commons was held on 16 March 1949, caused by the resignation of the incumbent Labour MP John Belcher. The result was a hold for the Labour Party, with their candidate Douglas Houghton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066930-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Speedway National League\nThe 1949 National League Division One was the 15th season of speedway in the United Kingdom and the fourth post-war season of the highest tier of motorcycle speedway in Great Britain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066930-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Speedway National League, Summary\nBirmingham Brummies joined the league and the Anniversary (League) Cup was discontinued or the teams would have met each other six times in the league. Wembley Lions won the National League for the fourth time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066930-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Speedway National League, National Trophy Stage Three\nThe 1949 National Trophy was the 12th edition of the Knockout Cup. The Trophy consisted of three stages; stage one was for the third division clubs, stage two was for the second division clubs and stage three was for the top tier clubs. The winner of stage one would qualify for stage two and the winner of stage two would qualify for the third and final stage. Belle Vue Aces won the third and final stage and were therefore declared the 1949 National Trophy champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 58], "content_span": [59, 529]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066930-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Speedway National League, National Trophy Stage Three, Final, Second leg\nBelle Vue were National Trophy Champions, winning on aggregate 140\u201376.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 77], "content_span": [78, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066931-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Speedway National League Division Three\nThe 1949 National League Division Three was the third season of British speedway's National League Division Three.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066931-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Speedway National League Division Three\nThe league expanded to 13 teams from 12. Cradley Heath, Southampton and Coventry had all moved up to Division Two whilst Wombwell dropped out. The five new sides were Halifax Dukes, Liverpool Chads, Leicester Hunters, Rayleigh Rockets and Oxford Cheetahs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066931-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Speedway National League Division Three\nSwindon Robins replaced Hull Angels mid-season and Hanley Potters won the title on race points difference from Yarmouth Bloaters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066931-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Speedway National League Division Three, National Trophy Stage One\nThe 1949 Trophy was the 12th edition of the Knockout Cup. The Trophy consisted of three stages; stage one was for the third division clubs, stage two was for the second division clubs and stage three was for the top tier clubs. The winner of stage one would qualify for stage two and the winner of stage two would qualify for the third and final stage. Hanley Potters won stage one and therefore qualified for stage two.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 71], "content_span": [72, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066932-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Speedway National League Division Two\nThe 1949 National League Division Two was the fourth post-war season of the second tier of motorcycle speedway in Great Britain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066932-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Speedway National League Division Two, Summary\nThe League was extended to 12 teams with the addition of new entrants Walthamstow Wolves and Ashfield Giants. Coventry Bees, Southampton Saints and Cradley Heath moved up from Division Three, with Cradley changing their nickname from Cubs to Heathens in the process. Two sides were missing from those that finished the previous season. Birmingham Brummies moved up to Division One and Middlesbrough Bears dropped out, although the promotion and most of their riders moved to the renamed Newcastle Magpies whose riders and promotion in turn had moved to Ashfield", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 51], "content_span": [52, 613]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066932-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Speedway National League Division Two, Summary\nThe Division Two Anniversary (League) Cup was discontinued as the expanded league programme gave the teams 44 league fixtures. Bristol Bulldogs retained their title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 51], "content_span": [52, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066932-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Speedway National League Division Two, National Trophy Stage Two\nThe 1949 National Trophy was the 12th edition of the Knockout Cup. The Trophy consisted of three stages; stage one was for the third division clubs, stage two was for the second division clubs and stage three was for the top tier clubs. The winner of stage one would qualify for stage two and the winner of stage two would qualify for the third and final stage. Bristol won stage two and therefore qualified for stage three.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 69], "content_span": [70, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066933-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 St Pancras North by-election\nA by-election for the constituency of St Pancras North in the United Kingdom House of Commons was held on 10 March 1949, caused by the resignation of the incumbent Labour MP George House. The result was a hold for the Labour Party, with their candidate Kenneth Robinson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066934-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 St. Bonaventure Bonnies football team\nThe 1949 St. Bonaventure Bonnies football team, sometimes also referred to as the St. Bonaventure Brown Indians, was an American football team that represented St. Bonaventure University during the 1949 college football season. In its fourth and final season under head coach Hugh Devore, the team compiled a 6\u20133 record and outscored opponents by a total of 211 to 110. The team played its home games at Forness Stadium in Olean, New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066935-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 St. John's Redmen baseball team\nThe 1949 St. John's Redmen baseball team represented the St. John's University in the 1949 NCAA baseball season. The Redmen played their home games at Dexter Park. The team was coached by Frank McGuire in his St. John's University in his 2nd year at St. John's.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066935-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 St. John's Redmen baseball team\nThe Redmen won the Region A to advance to the College World Series, where they were defeated by the Southern California Trojans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066936-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 St. Louis Browns season\nThe 1949 St. Louis Browns season involved the Browns finishing 7th in the American League with a record of 53 wins and 101 losses.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066936-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 73], "content_span": [74, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066936-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066936-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066936-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 68], "content_span": [69, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066936-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 69], "content_span": [70, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066936-0006-0000", "contents": "1949 St. Louis Browns season, Farm system\nLEAGUE CHAMPIONS: AberdeenSalinas club moved to Tijuana, August 5, 1949", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 41], "content_span": [42, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066937-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 St. Louis Cardinals season\nThe 1949 St. Louis Cardinals season was the team's 68th season in St. Louis, Missouri and its 58th season in the National League. The Cardinals went 96\u201358 during the season and finished second in the National League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066937-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 76], "content_span": [77, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066937-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 69], "content_span": [70, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066937-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 74], "content_span": [75, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066937-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066937-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 72], "content_span": [73, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066938-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Stanford Indians football team\nThe 1949 Stanford Indians football team represented Stanford University in the 1949 college football season. Stanford was led by fifth-year head coach Marchmont Schwartz. The team was a member of the Pacific Coast Conference and played their home games at Stanford Stadium in Stanford, California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066938-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Stanford Indians football team, Game summaries, Harvard\nThis season marked the only time that Stanford and Harvard played each other, with the Indians winning handily, 44\u20130. It was Harvard's second-ever West Coast game, after their victory in 1920 Rose Bowl. A second game, to be played at Harvard Stadium, was scheduled for the 1950 season, but was canceled by Harvard to lighten what was characterized as a \"far too heavy\" schedule.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 60], "content_span": [61, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066938-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Stanford Indians football team, Game summaries, California\nIn the Big Game, California was ranked #3 and had gone to the Rose Bowl the previous season. Stanford came into the game with one conference loss; a win over Cal would have given them a tie for the conference championship and a possible bid to the Rose Bowl. But although the Indians managed a 7\u20136 halftime lead, the Bears took control in the second half, going on to win 33\u201314 and securing a return to the Rose Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 63], "content_span": [64, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066938-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Stanford Indians football team, Game summaries, Pineapple Bowl\nStanford was invited to the Pineapple Bowl following the season. As this bowl always matched Hawaii against a mainland team, Stanford does not count the game as a postseason bowl. Stanford jumped out to a 20-point first quarter lead, and tacked on six fourth quarter touchdowns to win handily, 74\u201320.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 67], "content_span": [68, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066939-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Stanley Cup Finals\nThe 1949 Stanley Cup Finals was a best-of-seven series between the Detroit Red Wings and the defending champion Toronto Maple Leafs, the second straight Finals series between Detroit and Toronto. The Maple Leafs won the series in four straight games to win their third consecutive Stanley Cup and eighth in the history of the franchise.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066939-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Stanley Cup Finals, Paths to the Finals\nDetroit defeated the Montreal Canadiens 4\u20132 to advance to the Finals. Toronto defeated the Boston Bruins 4\u20131 to advance to the Finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066939-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Stanley Cup Finals, Game summaries\nThe Maple Leafs became the first NHL team to win the Stanley Cup in three straight seasons. The Leafs also won nine straight Finals games (beating Montreal in game six of the 1947 Finals, plus consecutive sweeps of the Wings in 1948 and this year). By defeating Detroit, Toronto won the Stanley Cup with a losing regular-season record. The only other team to win the Stanley Cup after finishing the regular season with a losing record was the Chicago Black Hawks, who qualified for the 1938 playoffs with a losing record and ultimately beat Toronto in the Cup Finals three games to one.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 39], "content_span": [40, 626]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066939-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Stanley Cup Finals, Stanley Cup engraving\nThe 1949 Stanley Cup was presented to Maple Leafs captain Ted Kennedy by NHL President Clarence Campbell following the Maple Leafs 3\u20131 win over the Red Wings in game four.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 46], "content_span": [47, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066939-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 Stanley Cup Finals, Stanley Cup engraving\nThe following Maple Leafs players and staff had their names engraved on the Stanley Cup", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 46], "content_span": [47, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066940-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Star World Championship\nThe 1949 Star World Championship was held in Chicago, United States in 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066940-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Star World Championship, Results\nLegend: DSA \u2013 Disabled; DSQ \u2013 Disqualified; WDR \u2013 Withdrew;", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066941-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Stirlingshire County Council election\nElections to Stirlingshire County Council were held on 10 May 1949, the same day as the other county councils in Scotland. The election saw Labour lose its majority, with no party gaining an overall majority.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066942-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Strato-Freight Curtiss C-46A crash\nCoordinates: On 7 June 1949, a Strato-Freight Curtiss Wright C-46D, registered in the United States as NC92857, crashed into the Atlantic Ocean 10\u00a0km (6.4\u00a0mi) west of San Juan-Isla Grande Airport in San Juan, Puerto Rico while en route to Miami, Florida. Of the 81 passengers and crew on board, 53 were killed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066942-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Strato-Freight Curtiss C-46A crash, Crash\nOn 4 June 1949 (three days prior to the accident), the Strato Freight C-46 arrived in San Juan from Newark, New Jersey. Regular maintenance included a new flap follow-up cable, along with a check of both engines. Due to misfiring of the right engine, 13 new spark plugs were also installed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 46], "content_span": [47, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066942-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Strato-Freight Curtiss C-46A crash, Crash\nOn 7 June, the aircraft was in service for a flight to Miami. The plane taxied to the runway at 00:10, and was airborne at 00:21. Approximately one minute thereafter, the right engine began losing power. The aircrew declared an emergency; the plane subsequently crashed into the Atlantic Ocean, roughly 200\u00a0m (656\u00a0ft) off the coastline. The aircraft remained afloat for six minutes, during which time 28 of the 81 passengers and crew were able to evacuate. According to various sources, 53 or 54 passengers perished. This was, at the time, the largest death toll ever due to a plane crash.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 46], "content_span": [47, 636]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066942-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Strato-Freight Curtiss C-46A crash, Investigation, Spark plugs\nSince the right engine had backfired during the maintenance check in San Juan, 13 new spark plugs (AC-LS-87) had been installed. The AC-LS-87 spark plug accounted for 30 of the 36 required for the engine to run. This type of spark plug was not approved for use in the Curtiss C-46A by the engine manufacturer or the United States Air Forces (which specifically prohibited the use of this type of spark plug in the C-46A's Pratt and Whitney engines). Furthermore, the rear right engine spark plugs suffered extreme heat damage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 67], "content_span": [68, 594]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066942-0003-0001", "contents": "1949 Strato-Freight Curtiss C-46A crash, Investigation, Spark plugs\nThis was linked to the right engine ignition switch found in the left magneto position, only allowing the rear spark plugs to fire. Finally, the Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB) determined \"the spark plug terminals for this engine were found to be oily and dirty, and spark plug electrodes were found to have too much clearance.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 67], "content_span": [68, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066942-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 Strato-Freight Curtiss C-46A crash, Investigation, Overweight\nStrato-Freight computed the total gross weight of NC92857 to be 44,500\u00a0lbs (20,185\u00a0kg), just under the maximum allowed 45,000\u00a0lbs (20,412\u00a0kg). The Civil Aeronautics Board calculated the total weight at 48,709\u00a0lbs (22,094\u00a0kg), 3,709\u00a0lbs (1,682\u00a0kg) over the maximum certified weight allowed. The passengers on board were reportedly nervous prior to the crash due to the extra weight.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 66], "content_span": [67, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066942-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 Strato-Freight Curtiss C-46A crash, Investigation, Passenger safety\nStrato-Freight NC92857, with a manifest of 75 passengers, was configured with 65 passenger seats. Five passengers were infants carried in the arms of passengers, and 14 were between the age of 2 and 12. At least five passengers other than infants were sharing a seat with another passenger.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 72], "content_span": [73, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066942-0006-0000", "contents": "1949 Strato-Freight Curtiss C-46A crash, Investigation, Probable cause\nThe investigation concluded \"the loss of power of the right engine before the aircraft attained the optimum single engine climb speed, together with the overloaded condition of the aircraft, resulted in it losing altitude and settling into the sea.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 70], "content_span": [71, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066942-0007-0000", "contents": "1949 Strato-Freight Curtiss C-46A crash, Investigation, Corrective actions\nStrato-Freight's operating license was initially suspended, and was finally revoked effective 8 November 1949. The CAA concluded that the company \"(did) not exercise the care required of the holder of an air carrier operating certificate, and by the pattern of its violations manifests an attitude of indifference for the safety of others and a disregard of the civil air regulations.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 74], "content_span": [75, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066943-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Sugar Bowl\nThe 1949 Sugar Bowl to the Sugar Bowl featured the third-ranked North Carolina Tar Heels and the fifth-ranked Oklahoma Sooners.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066943-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Sugar Bowl\nIn the first quarter, Oklahoma scored on a 1-yard Mitchell touchdown run as the Sooners jumped out to a 7\u20130 lead. North Carolina answered with a 2-yard touchdown run from Rodgers as the score became 7\u20136. In the third quarter, Oklahoma scored on an 8-yard touchdown run from Pearson. Oklahoma won the game, 14\u20136. Oklahoma's \"General\" Jack Mitchell was named Sugar Bowl MVP.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066944-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Summer Deaflympics\nThe 1949 Summer Deaflympics (Danish: 1949 Sommer Deaflympics) officially known as the 6th Deaf Olympiad (Danish: 6. D\u00f8veOlympiade)is an international multi-sport event that was held from 12 August 1949 to 16 August 1949. This event was hosted in Copenhagen, Denmark.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066944-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Summer Deaflympics\nThis Deaflympics was held after 10 years since the last edition of the Deaflympics(1939) due to World War II.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066944-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Summer Deaflympics\nBasketball and water polo were added as events for the first time in Deaflympics history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066945-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Summer International University Sports Week\nThe 1949 Summer International University Sports Week were organised by the International University Sports Federation (FISU) and held in Merano, Italy, between 28 August and 4 September.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066946-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Sun Bowl\nThe 1949 Sun Bowl was a college football postseason bowl game between the Texas Mines Miners and the West Virginia Mountaineers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066946-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Sun Bowl, Background\nControversy surrounded this game before it was played. In late November, the independent Lafayette Leopards of Easton, Pennsylvania, were invited to play in the Sun Bowl against Texas Mines, the second-place team in the Border Conference, under the condition that their star halfback, David Showell, an African-American, did not play. Four days later, Lafayette rejected the bid. West Virginia was selected to play against the Miners. The Lafayette\u2013Texas Mines contest that was not held is referred to as \"The Greatest Game They Never Played\", which was turned into a song.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 25], "content_span": [26, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066946-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Sun Bowl, Background\nThis was the second bowl appearance for Texas Mines, and first since 1937, which was also in the Sun Bowl. This was West Virginia's first bowl game since 1938.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 25], "content_span": [26, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066946-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Sun Bowl, Game summary\nAfter a scoreless first quarter, the Miners struck first quickly on a Harvey Gabrel touchdown dive. The extra point was not converted, leaving it at 6\u20130. The Mountaineers soon responded when James Walthall threw a 25-yard pass to Clarence Cox, who ran into the end zone to give West Virginia a 7\u20136 lead at halftime. They struck back in the second half with two James Devonshire touchdown runs before the third quarter ended to make the lead 21\u20136. Texas Mines closed the score to 21\u201312 on a Fred Wendt 60-yard kickoff return, but did not score again as West Virginia won.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 27], "content_span": [28, 598]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066946-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 Sun Bowl, Aftermath\nThis was the final Sun Bowl played with no MVP awarded. The following year, the C. M. Hendricks Most Valuable Player Trophy was be awarded. West Virginia did not win a bowl game again until 1969. The Miners returned to the Sun Bowl the following year and won, while going to four Sun Bowls in the decade.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 24], "content_span": [25, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066947-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Sun Bowl controversy\nThe 1949 Sun Bowl controversy refers to the student protests at Lafayette College in Easton, Pennsylvania, after a Sun Bowl invitation was extended to the Lafayette Leopards football team under the condition that the African American player, David Showell, would not play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066947-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Sun Bowl controversy\nOn November 19, 1948, Lafayette College was invited by the Sun Bowl Committee to play against the Texas College of Mines, now the University of Texas at El Paso. Just four days later, on November 23, the Lafayette faculty voted to turn down the bid because the Sun Bowl Committee would not allow Showell to play. This bid rejection led to a large student demonstration on the Lafayette campus and in the city of Easton against segregation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 465]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066947-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Sun Bowl controversy\nWest Virginia University later accepted the bid after Lafayette's rejection. The 1949 Sun Bowl was played on January 1, 1949. West Virginia defeated the Texas College of Mines by a score of 21\u201312.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066947-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Sun Bowl controversy, Sun Bowl segregation history\nThe segregation policies of the Sun Bowl were in effect from the first edition of the game\u2014played on January 1, 1935, in El Paso, Texas\u2014through the 1940s. This was not unique to bowl games; for example, in 1946 it led to the Penn State Nittany Lions cancelling a regular season away game against the Miami Hurricanes. Penn State's two African American players, Wallace Triplett and Dennis Hoggard, would not have been able to participate due to local (Florida) police department rules, and the \"incidents\" that were expected to occur if they were allowed to play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 55], "content_span": [56, 619]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066947-0003-0001", "contents": "1949 Sun Bowl controversy, Sun Bowl segregation history\nThis reasoning was consistent with the Sun Bowl and other major bowl games of the 1940s. It was not until the 1946 game cancellation that people began to put forth the argument that \"the ideals of democracy are more important than any football game.\" Another game cancellation occurred in 1947, when the Rollins Tars of Winter Park, Florida, scrapped their homecoming game against the Ohio Wesleyan Battling Bishops. The Ohio team included an African American player, and although Rollins had \"no objections whatsoever\" to playing the game, they cancelled the game after \"consulting leading white and negro residents\" in their area.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 55], "content_span": [56, 688]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066947-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 Sun Bowl controversy, Sun Bowl segregation history\nThe Sun Bowl was established in the mid-1930s along with the Cotton Bowl in Dallas, the Orange Bowl in Miami, and the Sugar Bowl in New Orleans. While the Sun Bowl historically followed the southern racial segregation policies, the 1949 Sun Bowl made a major contribution to the future desegregation of college sports.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 55], "content_span": [56, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066947-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 Sun Bowl controversy, 1948 Lafayette football season\nThe 1948 season was one of the most successful years for the Lafayette College football team. Led by captain Danny Kovacs and standout running back David Showell, the team had a record of seven wins and two losses. After starting the year beating Fordham University by a score of 53\u201314, Lafayette suffered a large loss in its following game at Army, losing 54\u20137. The Leopards then won each of their next four games by an average scoring margin of 26 points, but they soon lost to Rutgers University by three touchdowns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 57], "content_span": [58, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066947-0005-0001", "contents": "1949 Sun Bowl controversy, 1948 Lafayette football season\nAfter defeating Ohio Wesleyan, Lafayette set itself up for a crucial bout against its rival, Lehigh University. However, on November 19, 1948, a day before the game against Lehigh, Lafayette received a phone call from the Sun Bowl Committee inviting the team to participate in the bowl game. This invitation essentially rendered Lafayette's season finale and rivalry game against Lehigh meaningless. Nevertheless, Lafayette went on to defeat Lehigh by a score of 23\u201313, capping off the regular season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 57], "content_span": [58, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066947-0006-0000", "contents": "1949 Sun Bowl controversy, David Showell\nDavid Showell, an African American, was a prominent player for Lafayette during the 1948 football season. The Sun Bowl Committee's decision to exclude Showell from the game due to his race led to Lafayette's rejection of its Sun Bowl invitation and the subsequent student protests at the college.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 40], "content_span": [41, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066947-0007-0000", "contents": "1949 Sun Bowl controversy, Student demonstrations at Lafayette\nOn November 23, 1948, the Lafayette College faculty held a meeting to vote upon whether or not to accept the football team's invitation to the Sun Bowl. The faculty voted to turn down the bid as a result of the Sun Bowl Committee's decision to exclude David Showell. The formal announcement of the rejection that was made by college officials did not contain a reason for vetoing the Sun Bowl bid. The Lafayette students, who were excited to see their football team go to the Sun Bowl, were disheartened by the announcement and made it their goal to discover the reason behind the school's abrupt change in plans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 62], "content_span": [63, 676]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066947-0008-0000", "contents": "1949 Sun Bowl controversy, Student demonstrations at Lafayette\nAt approximately seven o'clock on the night of November 23, the news began to spread around the Lafayette campus as a caravan of students traversed the school grounds to recruit more protesters. Soon after, a mass of nearly 1,000 students holding flaming newspapers in hand made its way to the college's central quadrangle, which housed the materials for a bonfire. This bonfire was previously constructed for a pep rally to be held before the football game against Lafayette's rival, Lehigh University, but was never used due to a rain storm. Therefore, the student mob ignited the fire to continue its demonstration.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 62], "content_span": [63, 681]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066947-0009-0000", "contents": "1949 Sun Bowl controversy, Student demonstrations at Lafayette\nThe students then visited the home of Ralph Cooper Hutchison, the president of Lafayette College. Upon their arrival, President Hutchison told the students that David Showell was not invited to play in the bowl game because he was an African American. Hutchison further explained that the Sun Bowl Committee's decision to exclude Showell ultimately led to the faculty's rejection of the bowl game bid. The student protestors asked that a conditional acceptance be made to the bid as long as they allowed David Showell to play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 62], "content_span": [63, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066947-0010-0000", "contents": "1949 Sun Bowl controversy, Student demonstrations at Lafayette\nAthletic Director Bill Anderson, who had arrived at Hutchison's house, agreed to place a call to C. D. Belding, the chairman of the Sun Bowl Committee in El Paso, Texas. During the call the Athletic Director stated, \"We want a waiver on Showell. He was a lieutenant in the Army and served in Texas. He wants the boys to go without him, but the College couldn't take that responsibility. We are anxious to accept. If Showell can't play, we wouldn't be able to accept. So it can't be done?\" Despite the call, Belding still would not let Showell play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 62], "content_span": [63, 611]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066947-0011-0000", "contents": "1949 Sun Bowl controversy, Student demonstrations at Lafayette\nUpon hearing that the answer was still \"No\" over 1000 frustrated Lafayette students marched to the Centre Square in downtown Easton and held a protest rally against racial intolerance. A number of students rushed to the local Western Union office to wire the news of their protests to prominent individuals to denounce the Sun Bowl Committee's refusal to include Showell. One of the recipients was President Truman. The telegram to Truman read: \"Denied Sun Bowl game because we have a Negro on our team. Is that democracy? \", signed by the Lafayette College students. Other telegrams were sent to Walter Winchell to join the cause.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 62], "content_span": [63, 694]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066947-0012-0000", "contents": "1949 Sun Bowl controversy, Student demonstrations at Lafayette\nFollowing the telegram sent to President Truman, the Lafayette students broke up their rally and ended the protest in downtown Easton. On the following day, November 24, at 9:30 in the morning, the students assembled once again at Lafayette College's Pardee Hall. Approximately 1,000 students congregated to pass a formal resolution stating their opposition to racial discrimination. The student's resolution stated: \"We protest the racial discrimination against one of our fellow students and declare without equivocation our firm resolve that all Americans have equal rights under the law.\" Subsequently, they informed the media to cover their civil rights resolution.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 62], "content_span": [63, 733]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066947-0013-0000", "contents": "1949 Sun Bowl controversy, Coverage in the press\nNewspapers shed light on the controversy surrounding the 1949 Sun Bowl in November 1948. The press conveyed conflicting accounts as to why Lafayette College turned down the invitation to play the 1949 Sun Bowl against the Texas Miners. Lafayette College officials maintained that their rejection of the invitation was due in large part to the discrimination against the team's black football player, David Showell, saying that Texas law forbade the halfback's participation in the New Year's Day bowl game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 48], "content_span": [49, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066947-0013-0001", "contents": "1949 Sun Bowl controversy, Coverage in the press\nAn article in The New York Times quoted Dr. Ralph C. Hutchison, president of the college at the time, saying that \"I must state emphatically that the acting president of the Texas College of Mines and C. D. Belding, chairman of the Sun Bowl Committee, each informed us repeatedly that Showell could not play in the proposed game.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 48], "content_span": [49, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066947-0014-0000", "contents": "1949 Sun Bowl controversy, Coverage in the press\nAccording to another newspaper article, Sun Bowl Committee chairman, C. D. Belding, offered another side of the story refuting President Hutchison's claims and stating that Lafayette College jumped to a conclusion too soon. Belding explained that Texas law did not bar Showell from the field to play. Some papers went into great detail regarding the technicalities that Texas Miners officials claimed Lafayette College simply got wrong. An article by The Corsicana Daily Sun on November 24, 1948, stated that the law in question only required Negro players to have a separate lodging.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 48], "content_span": [49, 633]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066947-0014-0001", "contents": "1949 Sun Bowl controversy, Coverage in the press\nAccording to The Abilene Reporter, on the evening of November 26, 1948, \"The [El Paso] Times believes the officials of Lafayette College injected the Negro question into the Sun Bowl picture unfairly,\" going on to say that \"Lafayette merely rejected the bid on the grounds that it was impractical to accept it.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 48], "content_span": [49, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066947-0015-0000", "contents": "1949 Sun Bowl controversy, Coverage in the press\nIn other articles, more focus was placed on the fact that Sun Bowl officials reached out to other schools of interest upon receiving Lafayette College's original rejection of the bid. As seen in the article by Amarillo Daily News on November 24, 1948, rather than calling out Lafayette's claim as a fallacy, the paper focused on the fact that no further arrangements could be made with Lafayette College once Texas Miners officials had already reached out to the other schools.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 48], "content_span": [49, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066947-0016-0000", "contents": "1949 Sun Bowl controversy, Impact on college football, Desegregation of the Sun Bowl\nThe events at Lafayette College created a significant amount of media buzz on a national scale. Lafayette's withdrawal from the Sun Bowl was enough to get the residents of El Paso to fight against racial exclusion in the bowl game. The Lafayette Leopards were not the only team to face racism in El Paso. In September 1950, a regular season game between Loyola University (Los Angeles) (now Loyola Marymount University) and the Texas College of Mines was canceled because of the policy that excluded black players from playing in El Paso.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 84], "content_span": [85, 623]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066947-0016-0001", "contents": "1949 Sun Bowl controversy, Impact on college football, Desegregation of the Sun Bowl\nFinally on October 27, 1950, officials took a vote that allowed the Texas college to include black players in games at the El Paso location. A year after the grant was passed, the Sun Bowl hosted its first integrated football game between the College of the Pacific (now University of the Pacific) and Texas Tech University.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 84], "content_span": [85, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066947-0017-0000", "contents": "1949 Sun Bowl controversy, Impact on college football, Integration of college football\nThe Sun Bowl was not the only bowl game to involve racial exclusion. Many football games during the twentieth century affected the integration of collegiate football and sports in general: in addition to Lafayette, there were games played at The University of California, Los Angeles (1938\u20131941), Drake University (1948\u20131952), Georgia Tech (1954\u20131956), and the University of Wyoming (1967\u20131970) that led to integrated football games. At the time, these schools conducted studies to monitor the treatment of African American players and how the schools reacted to certain situations involving segregation and prejudice. The teams that were in favor of African Americans participating in football gave players a chance to speak out against the racism that took place in the sport. As a result of protests and communities coming together to support black football players, college football slowly became integrated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 86], "content_span": [87, 999]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066947-0018-0000", "contents": "1949 Sun Bowl controversy, References in media\nTerry Kitchen is a folk singer-songwriter who grew up in Easton, Pennsylvania, during the 1960s. His time spent there inspired him to write the song \"The Greatest Game They Never Played\" on the album That's How It Used To Be. The song, written about the Lafayette College football team and community, discusses the incidents that took place before the Sun Bowl. He includes references to Lafayette's refusal to play in the bowl game, the student protest against segregation, and the phone call between Lafayette's president and the Sun Bowl Committee in El Paso, Texas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 46], "content_span": [47, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066948-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Surinamese general election\nGeneral elections were held in Surinam on 30 May 1949. The result was a victory for the National Party of Suriname, which won 13 of the 21 seats. Voter turnout was 47.5%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066949-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Svenska Cupen\nSvenska Cupen 1949 was the ninth season of the main Swedish football Cup. The competition was concluded on 24 July 1949 with the Final, held at R\u00e5sunda Stadium, Solna in Stockholms l\u00e4n. AIK won 1-0 against Landskrona BoIS before an attendance of 14,718 spectators.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066949-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Svenska Cupen, Second round\nThe 8 matches in this round were played between 3 July 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 32], "content_span": [33, 93]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066949-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Svenska Cupen, Quarter-finals\nThe 4 matches in this round were played on 10 July 1949 and a replay on 15 July 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066949-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Svenska Cupen, Semi-finals\nThe semi-finals in this round were played on 17 July 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 31], "content_span": [32, 90]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066949-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 Svenska Cupen, Final\nThe final was played on 24 July 1949 at the R\u00e5sunda Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 25], "content_span": [26, 86]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066950-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Swiss Grand Prix\nThe 1949 Swiss Grand Prix was a Grand Prix motor race which was held at Bremgarten on 3 July 1949. The race was won by Alberto Ascari driving a Ferrari 125.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066951-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Swiss motorcycle Grand Prix\nThe 1949 Swiss motorcycle Grand Prix was the second race of the 1949 Motorcycle Grand Prix season. It took place on the weekend of 3 July 1949 at the Bremgarten circuit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066951-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Swiss motorcycle Grand Prix\nBritish rider Leslie Graham won the 500 cc race riding an AJS from Arciso Artesiani and Harold Daniell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066952-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Swiss referendums\nFour referendums were held in Switzerland during 1949. The first two were held on 22 May on revising article 39 of the federal constitution concerning the Swiss National Bank and a federal law amending a 1928 law on measures against tuberculosis, with both rejected by voters. The third was held on 11 September on a popular initiative \"for the recurrence to direct democracy\" and was narrowly approved. The final one was held on 11 December on a federal law to amend the employment status of federal civil servants, and was also approved.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066952-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Swiss referendums, Background\nThe referendum on revising the constitution was a mandatory referendum. Together with the popular initiative, both required a double majority; a majority of the popular vote and majority of the cantons. The decision of each canton was based on the vote in that canton. Full cantons counted as one vote, whilst half cantons counted as half. The referendums on federal laws on tuberculosis and civil servants were both optional referendums, which required only a simple majority of votes in favour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066953-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race\nThe 1949 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race, was the fifth annual running of the \"blue water classic\" Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066953-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race\nHosted by the Cruising Yacht Club of Australia based in Sydney, New South Wales, the 1949 edition began on Sydney Harbour, at noon on Boxing Day (26 December 1949), before heading south for 630 nautical miles (1,170\u00a0km) through the Tasman Sea, past Bass Strait, into Storm Bay and up the River Derwent, to cross the finish line in Hobart, Tasmania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066953-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race\nThe 1949 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race comprised a reduced fleet of 15 competitors. Waltzing Matilda, skippered by Phil Davenport won line honours in a time of 5 days, 10 hours and 33 minutes - breaking the three-year hold on the event by Claude Plowman's Morna. Trade Winds, skippered by Mervyn Davey was awarded handicap honours on adjusted time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066953-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race, 1949 fleet\n15 yachts registered to begin the 1948 Sydney to Hobart Yacht race. They are:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066954-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Syracuse Orangemen football team\nThe 1949 Syracuse Orangemen football team represented Syracuse University in the 1949 college football season. This was Syracuse's first season under head coach Ben Schwartzwalder, who would eventually coach at the school for 25 years and become Syracuse's all-time winningest coach. The Orangemen finished the season with a record of 4\u20135.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066955-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Syrian constituent assembly election\nConstitutional Assembly elections were held in Syria on 16 November 1949, with a second round on 25 November. The result was a victory for the People's Party, which won 63 of the 113 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066956-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Syrian presidential election\nA referendum on Husni al-Za'im's candidacy for President was held in Syria on 25 June 1949, alongside a referendum on presidential powers. Al-Zaim's candidacy was approved by 99.4% of voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066957-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Syrian presidential powers referendum\nA referendum on presidential powers was held in Syria on 25 June 1949, alongside a referendum on Husni al-Za'im's candidacy for the presidency. Voters were asked whether they approved of four proposals, voting separately on each one. All four proposals were approved.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066958-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 S\u00e3o Paulo FC season\nThe 1949 football season was S\u00e3o Paulo's 20th season since club's existence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066959-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 TANFL season\nThe 1949 Tasmanian Australian National Football League (TANFL) premiership season was an Australian Rules football competition staged in Hobart, Tasmania over fifteen (15) roster rounds and four (4) finals series matches between 30 April and 24 September 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066959-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 TANFL season, Participating Clubs, TANFL Under-19's Grand Final\nState Schools Old Boys Football Association (SSOBFA) \u2013 (Saturday, 10 September 1949)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 68], "content_span": [69, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066959-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 TANFL season, Participating Clubs, TANFL Under-19's Grand Final\nNote: Buckingham were affiliated to New Town, North West were affiliated to North Hobart.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 68], "content_span": [69, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066959-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 TANFL season, Participating Clubs, State Grand Final\nNote: More than 2,500 patrons also entered the ground without paying, swelling the crowd to more than 11,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 57], "content_span": [58, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066959-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 TANFL season, 1949 TANFL Ladder, Round 6\nNote: All-time record roster match attendance for Hobart Football Club.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 45], "content_span": [46, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066960-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 TCU Horned Frogs football team\nThe 1949 TCU Horned Frogs football team represented Texas Christian University (TCU) in the 1949 college football season. The Horned Frogs finished the season 6\u20133\u20131 overall and 3\u20133 in the Southwest Conference. The team was coached by Dutch Meyer in his sixteenth year as head coach. The Frogs played their home games in Amon G. Carter Stadium, which is located on campus in Fort Worth, Texas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066961-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Tangerine Bowl\nThe 1949 Tangerine Bowl was an American college football bowl game played after the 1948 season, on January 1, 1949, at the Tangerine Bowl stadium in Orlando, Florida. The game was the third annual Tangerine Bowl, now known as the Citrus Bowl, and saw Murray State tie Sul Ross, 21\u201321. The game was the Tangerine Bowl's first tie; there would not be another tie until the 1954 Tangerine Bowl. This game was also the highest scoring tie in Tangerine Bowl history, throughout all name changes. This game was the first Tangerine Bowl where MVP honors were awarded; they were given to halfbacks Dale McDaniel of Murray State and Ted Scown of Sul Ross State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 673]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066961-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Tangerine Bowl, Game summary\nThe first quarter saw only seven points scored, as Ted Scown from Sul Ross found the end zone from 1 yard out. The second quarter featured half of the game's scoring; Sul Ross increased its lead with a 13-yard touchdown run followed by a 29-yard touchdown reception, both of these scores also being made by Scown. Murray State then fought back with an 85-yard kickoff return by Joe Bronson for a touchdown, and the game went to halftime 21\u20137. The third quarter was scoreless. In the fourth quarter, Dale McDaniels of Murray State scored two rushing touchdowns, one from 7 yards and the other from 36 yards. The game ended with the Lobos and Racers tied at 21.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 693]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066962-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Ta\u00e7a de Portugal Final\nThe 1949 Ta\u00e7a de Portugal Final was the final match of the 1948\u201349 Ta\u00e7a de Portugal, the 10th season of the Ta\u00e7a de Portugal, the premier Portuguese football cup competition organized by the Portuguese Football Federation (FPF). The match was played on 12 June 1949 at the Est\u00e1dio Nacional in Oeiras, and opposed two Primeira Liga sides: Atl\u00e9tico CP and Benfica. Benfica defeated Atl\u00e9tico CP 2\u20131 to claim their fourth Ta\u00e7a de Portugal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066963-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Team Speedway Polish Championship\n1949 Team Speedway Polish Championship season was the second season and is used to determine the Team Polish Champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066963-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Team Speedway Polish Championship, Rules\nIn First and Second League, matches were played with part three teams. Teams were made up of 3 riders plus 1 reserve. The event consisted of  9 races. In one day were played three three-cornered matches. For winning a match a team received 3 points, for second place 2 points, and for third 1 point. In every heat scoring was 3\u20132\u20131 and 0 if no-completion heat. The drivers with the main squad of a team started in a match 3 times. The quantity of small points was added up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 45], "content_span": [46, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066963-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Team Speedway Polish Championship, Second League\nEvent between Rawicz, \u0141\u00f3d\u017a and Pozna\u0144 was canceled and never replayed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 53], "content_span": [54, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066964-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Temple Owls football team\nThe 1949 Temple Owls football team was an American football team that represented Temple University as an independent during the 1949 college football season. In its first season under head coach Albert Kawal, the team compiled a 5\u20134 record and was outscored by a total of 225 to 156. The team played its home games at Temple Stadium in Philadelphia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066965-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Tennessee A&I Tigers football team\nThe 1949 Tennessee A&I Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Tennessee Agricultural & Industrial State College as a member of the Midwest Athletic Association (MAA) during the 1949 college football season. In their sixth season under head coach Henry Kean, the Tigers compiled a 9\u20131 record, won the MAA championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 299 to 87. The team was ranked No. 4 among the nation's black college football teams according to the Pittsburgh Courier and its Dickinson Rating System.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066966-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Tennessee Volunteers football team\nThe 1949 Tennessee Volunteers represented the University of Tennessee in the 1949 college football season. Playing as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC), the team was led by head coach Robert Neyland, in his 18th year, and played their home games at Shields\u2013Watkins Field in Knoxville, Tennessee. They finished the season with a record of seven wins, two losses, and one tie (7\u20132\u20131 overall, 4\u20131\u20131 in the SEC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066967-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Texas A&M Aggies football team\nThe 1949  Texas A&M Aggies football team represented Texas A&M University during the 1949 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066968-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Texas Longhorns baseball team\nThe 1949 Texas Longhorns baseball team represented the University of Texas in the 1949 NCAA baseball season. The Longhorns played their home games at Clark Field. The team was coached by Bibb Falk in his 7th season at Texas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066968-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Texas Longhorns baseball team\nThe Longhorns won the College World Series, defeating the Wake Forest Demon Deacons in the championship game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066969-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Texas Longhorns football team\nThe 1949 Texas Longhorns football team represented the University of Texas in the 1949 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066970-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Texas Tech Red Raiders football team\nThe 1949 Texas Tech Red Raiders football team represented Texas Tech during the 1949 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066971-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Texas Western Miners football team\nThe 1949 Texas Western Miners football team was an American football team that represented Texas Western College (now known as University of Texas at El Paso) as a member of the Border Conference during the 1949 college football season. In its fourth season under head coach Jack Curtice, the team compiled an 8\u20132\u20131 record (4\u20132 against Border Conference opponents), finished third in the conference, defeated Georgetown in the 1950 Sun Bowl, and outscored all opponents by a total of 292 to 113.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 535]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066972-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Texas hurricane\nThe 1949 Texas hurricane was a tropical cyclone of the 1949 Atlantic hurricane season. Forming in the Pacific Ocean on September 27, the storm crossed into the Gulf of Mexico\u2014one of only a handful of known storms to do so\u2014and began to intensify. It ultimately peaked with winds corresponding to high-end Category 2 status on the modern-day Saffir\u2013Simpson hurricane scale and made landfall near Freeport, Texas, on the morning of October 4. It rapidly weakened after moving inland and dissipated several days later. Damage from the storm was moderate, although the hurricane temporarily cut off the city of Galveston from the mainland. Rice crops suffered extensive damage, with losses estimated at up to $10\u00a0million (1949\u00a0USD, $109\u00a0million 2021\u00a0USD). Two people died due to the hurricane.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 809]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066972-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Texas hurricane, Meteorological history\nAccording to modern-day analysis, a tropical depression developed in the Pacific Ocean, south of El Salvador, early on September 27. It drifted northward across Central America and eastern Mexico before emerging into the Gulf of Mexico near Ciudad del Carmen on September 30. Weather reports had indicated low air pressures over the area for several days. It is relatively rare for a tropical cyclone to cross from the Pacific into the Atlantic, or vice versa, and this storm is among less than a dozen known to have officially done so. Only three other tropical cyclones have crossed from the eastern Pacific into the Gulf of Mexico.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 44], "content_span": [45, 679]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066972-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Texas hurricane, Meteorological history\nThe cyclone intensified into a tropical storm on October 1 and sped up slightly as it curved northwestward. A day later it became a hurricane. Subsequently, a period of rapid intensification took place, and as the cyclone approached the Texas coast on October 3, it attained peak winds of 110 miles per hour (177\u00a0km/h), equivalent to upper-end Category 2\u2014almost Category 3\u2014intensity. The storm moved ashore early the next day just east of Bay City with a barometric pressure estimated at 965 millibars (28.50\u00a0inHg). The storm is one of a relatively few October hurricanes to either impact or make landfall in Texas. After significantly weakening, it passed directly over Houston; the next storm to do so would be Hurricane Alicia in 1983.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 44], "content_span": [45, 783]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066972-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Texas hurricane, Meteorological history\nUpon moving inland, the hurricane quickly degraded into a tropical storm within six hours of making landfall. It turned northeastward as it continued through the central United States, weakening to a tropical depression by October 5. It became extratropical the next day, yet persisted until October 7, when it is believed to have dissipated near Sheboygan, Wisconsin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 44], "content_span": [45, 413]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066972-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 Texas hurricane, Preparations and impact\nThroughout 10 cities in Texas, 50,000 sought shelter in advance of the hurricane. An estimated 28,000 residents fled to shelters; around 5,000 stayed in the Houston City Auditorium. Tropical cyclone watches and warnings were issued along coastal areas of Texas and Louisiana. Pioneer Airlines removed its aircraft from Houston, while small watercraft were kept safe in port. Schools in Corpus Christi closed by October 3, as well as businesses in the threatened area.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 45], "content_span": [46, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066972-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 Texas hurricane, Preparations and impact\nThe hurricane produced gusts of 135\u00a0mph (217\u00a0km/h) just west of Freeport, accompanied by an air pressure of 28.88 inches of mercury (978\u00a0hPa) and tides of 11.4\u00a0ft (3.5\u00a0m) above normal. Precipitation from the storm was heavy, peaking at 14.5\u00a0in (370\u00a0mm) at Goodrich. Rainfall extended eastward into Louisiana, amounting to 6.81\u00a0in (173\u00a0mm) at Shreveport, Louisiana. Urban areas sustained generally light damage. In Houston, the winds shattered some store windows and distributed debris. Galveston was temporarily cut off from the mainland during the hurricane when water surpassed the city's seawall. The hurricane spawned a minor tornado which struck the community of Riceville, injuring on two children. Freeport reportedly suffered the worst damage, costing approximately $150,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 45], "content_span": [46, 829]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066972-0006-0000", "contents": "1949 Texas hurricane, Preparations and impact\nA pier at Port Aransas was largely destroyed at a cost of $10,000. The hurricane caused extensive damage to rice, cotton, and vegetable crops in the region. An estimate several days after the storm placed the total quantity of rice damaged at 500,000 bushels, totaling $10\u00a0million in monetary losses. However, Zoch (1949) reported that total damage from the storm was $6.7 million. Following the storm, thousands of automobiles in six states were affected by widespread peeling and blistering paint.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 45], "content_span": [46, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066972-0006-0001", "contents": "1949 Texas hurricane, Preparations and impact\nThe blisters, usually concentrated on the hoods, fenders and tops of vehicles, contained a small amount of water, and peeling paint was also reported on one Shreveport home. Most of the cars damaged were parked outside, and sheltered automobiles were unaffected. Although total damage from the phenomenon may have reached thousands of dollars, experts were unable to identify its cause immediately following the storm. Two deaths were attributed to the storm: a resident of Port Neches who was electrocuted, and a young woman who drowned in Matagorda Bay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 45], "content_span": [46, 601]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066973-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Thai by-elections\nBy-elections were held in 19 provinces of Thailand on 5 June 1949 to elect an additional 21 members to the House of Representatives. The elections were called in order to comply with the requirement to have one representative for every 150,000 residents. At the time there were no political parties, so all candidates ran as independents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066973-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Thai by-elections\nOrapin Chaiyakan was elected in Ubon Ratchathani Province, becoming the first female member of parliament in Thailand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066974-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 The Citadel Bulldogs football team\nThe 1949 The Citadel Bulldogs football team represented The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina in the 1949 college football season. J. Quinn Decker served as head coach for the fourth season. The Bulldogs played as members of the Southern Conference and played home games at Johnson Hagood Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066975-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Thomas Cup\nThe 1949 Thomas Cup was the inaugural tournament of Thomas Cup, the most important men's badminton team competition in the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066975-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Thomas Cup\nThe tournament was originally planned  for 1941-1942 (badminton seasons in the northern hemisphere traditionally ran from the autumn of one calendar year to the spring of the next), but was delayed when World War II exploded across the continents. Sir George's dream was finally realized in 1948-1949 when ten national teams participated in the first Thomas Cup competition. Three qualifying zones were established: Pan America, Europe, and the Pacific; though Malaya (now Malaysia) was the only Pacific zone participant.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066975-0001-0001", "contents": "1949 Thomas Cup\nIn a format that would last until 1984, all ties (matches between nations) would consist of nine individual matches; the victorious nation needing to win at least five of these contests. The top two singles player of each side faced both of the top two players  for the opposite side, accounting for four matches. A fifth singles match took place between the third ranked singles players for each team. Finally, two doubles pairings for each side played both of the doubles pairings of the opposite side, accounting for four more matches. Each tie was normally contested over two days, four matches on the first day and five on the next. The United States and Denmark won their respective zone qualifications and thus joined Malaya for the inter-zone ties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 772]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066975-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Thomas Cup\nThe inter-zone ties were held in the United Kingdom. As the tournament used a knockout system, rather than a round-robin system, Denmark was given a bye in the first round. Malaya defeated the USA 6\u20133 in a highly competitive match played in Glasgow, Scotland (curiously, none of the players on either side had ever seen any of the players on the other side play before). Of note, this tie marked the first of only three ever matches between the USA's Dave Freeman and Malaya's Wong Peng Soon the two greatest singles players of the early post-war period. In the final round held in Preston, England, Malaya beat Denmark 8\u20131 and became the first nation to win a Thomas Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 688]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066975-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Thomas Cup, Teams\nOnly three teams from three regions took part in the Inter-Zone ties. Malaya did not participate in qualification rounds but got through to the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 22], "content_span": [23, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066975-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 Thomas Cup, Knockout stages, First round\nDespite only 3 teams playing in the tournament, Denmark was given a bye in the first round and went automatically into the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 45], "content_span": [46, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066976-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Tierra del Fuego earthquakes\nThe 1949 Tierra del Fuego earthquakes occurred slightly more than eight hours apart on 17 December. Their epicenters were located in the east of the Chilean Tierra del Fuego Province, close to the Argentine border on the island of Tierra del Fuego.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066976-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Tierra del Fuego earthquakes\nThe two shocks measured 7.7 and 7.6 on the moment magnitude scale and were the most powerful ever recorded in the south of Argentina and one of the most powerful in austral Chile. They were felt with intensities as high as VIII (Severe) on the Mercalli intensity scale, and affected the settlements of Punta Arenas and R\u00edo Gallegos.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066977-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1949 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship was the 59th staging of the Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Tipperary County Board in 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066977-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship\nBorris-Ileigh won the championship after a 4-06 to 2-01 defeat of Kickhams in the final. It was their first ever championship title overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066978-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Titleholders Championship\nThe 1949 Titleholders Championship was contested from March 17\u201320 at Augusta Country Club. It was the 10th edition of the Titleholders Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066979-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Toledo Rockets football team\nThe 1949 Toledo Rockets football team was an American football team that represented Toledo University during the 1949 college football season. In their second and final season under head coach Skip Stahley, the Rockets compiled a 6\u20134 record, outscored their opponents by a combined total of 318 to 210, and lost to Mid-American Conference champion Cincinnati, 33\u201313, in the fourth postseason Glass Bowl game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066979-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Toledo Rockets football team\nDuring the 1949 season, Toledo back Emerson Cole, who later played in the NFL, rushed 160 times for 1,172 yards, an average of 7.26 yards per carry. On November 12, 1949, Cole rushed for 230 yards against North Dakota. Cole's 1,172 rushing yards stood as a Toledo single-season record until 1984. The 1939 Toledo team averaged 253.8 rushing yards per game. Ed Burrus and George Miley were the team captains.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066980-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Torneo di Viareggio\nThe 1949 winners of the Torneo di Viareggio (in English, the Viareggio Tournament, officially the Viareggio Cup World Football Tournament Coppa Carnevale), the annual youth football tournament held in Viareggio, Tuscany, are listed below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066980-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Torneo di Viareggio, Format\nThe 10 teams are organized in knockout rounds, all played single tie. Four teams have to play a preliminary knockout round to access quarter finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 32], "content_span": [33, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066981-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Toronto Argonauts season\nThe 1949 Toronto Argonauts finished in third place in the Interprovincial Rugby Football Union with a 5\u20137\u20130 record and failed to make the playoffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066982-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Toronto municipal election\nMunicipal elections were held in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, on January 1, 1949. Hiram E. McCallum was elected to his first full term as mayor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066982-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Toronto municipal election, Toronto mayor\nMayor Robert Hood Saunders had resigned in 1948 and Controller McCallum was appointed to succeed him. McCallum faced only Trotskyist Ross Dowson in winning his first full term. Dowson won almost 20% in his run, the best result the perennial candidate would ever receive and the best result for an open Trostkyist in a North American election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 46], "content_span": [47, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066982-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Toronto municipal election, Board of Control\nTwo sitting members of the Board of Control were defeated. Alderman E.C. Roelfson had been appointed to the Board to replace McCallum when he was made mayor. Roelofson received few votes when running, placing seventh. Also defeated was incumbent K.B. McKellar. The two new arrivals were former Alderman Leslie Saunders and former Alderman and Member of Provincial Parliament Allan Lamport.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 49], "content_span": [50, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066982-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Toronto municipal election, City council\nResults taken from the January 3, 1949 Toronto Star and might not exactly match final tallies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 45], "content_span": [46, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066982-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 Toronto municipal election, Vacancy\nWard 1 Alderman Charles Walton resigned upon appointment to the Toronto Transportation Commission on November 29, 1949 and was not replaced.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 40], "content_span": [41, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066983-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Tour de France\nThe 1949 Tour de France was the 36th edition of the Tour de France, taking place from 30 June to 24 July. It consisted of 21 stages over 4,808\u00a0km (2,988\u00a0mi).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066983-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Tour de France\nThe Italian team had internal problems, because Gino Bartali and Fausto Coppi could both be the team leader. During the selection procedure, Coppi almost refused to start the race, but he was convinced to start. During the race, Coppi almost pulled out, because he felt he did not have full support from the team captain. In the Alps, Coppi recovered. The race was won by Coppi, with second place taken by teammate Bartali, the winner of the previous year. Coppi also won the mountains classification, while his Italian team won the team classification.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066983-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Tour de France, Innovations and changes\nThe 1949 Tour de France marked the first time that the Tour de France had a stage finish in Spain, when it stopped in San Sebastian in the ninth stage. While the mountains had been categorised into two categories in 1948, in 1949 the third category was added.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 44], "content_span": [45, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066983-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Tour de France, Teams\nAs was the custom since the 1930 Tour de France, the 1949 Tour de France was contested by national and regional teams. The three major cycling countries in 1949, Italy, Belgium and France, each sent a team of 12 cyclists. Other countries sent teams of 6 cyclists: Switzerland, Luxembourg, Netherlands and Spain. Italy and Belgium also sent two extra teams of young riders of 6 cyclists each. The French regional cyclists were divided into four teams of 12 cyclists: \u00cele-de-France, West/North, Centre/South-West and South-East. Altogether this made 120 cyclists. There were 57 French cyclists, 22 Italian, 18 Belgian, 6 Dutch, 6 Luxembourg, 6 Spanish, 6 Swiss and 1 Polish cyclist.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 26], "content_span": [27, 707]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066983-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 Tour de France, Pre-race favourites\nIn the previous year, Fausto Coppi refused to enter the Tour de France because of personal problems with his teammate Gino Bartali. Bartali had won the previous Tour, and was trying to equal Philippe Thys by winning the Tour three times. Coppi had won the 1949 Giro d'Italia, and wanted to be the first one to achieve the Tour-Giro double in one year. The Italian team manager Alfredo Binda convinced them two weeks before the start of the race to join forces, so both Italians were in the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 40], "content_span": [41, 536]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066983-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 Tour de France, Route and stages\nThe 1949 Tour de France started on 30 June, and had four rest days, in Les Sables-d'Olonne, Pau, Cannes and Aosta. The highest point of elevation in the race was 2,770\u00a0m (9,090\u00a0ft) at the summit of the Col de l'Iseran mountain pass on stage 17.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 37], "content_span": [38, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066983-0006-0000", "contents": "1949 Tour de France, Race overview\nIn the early stages, Bartali and Coppi both lost time. Before the fifth stage, Coppi and Bartali both were not in the top fifteen of the general classification.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066983-0007-0000", "contents": "1949 Tour de France, Race overview\nIn that fifth stage, Coppi escaped together with the leader of the general classification, Jacques Marinelli. When they were leading by 6 minutes, Coppi and Marinelli fell in Mouen. Marinelli was not hurt and could continue, but Coppi's bike was broken. The Italian team car offered him a new one, but Coppi refused because he wanted his personal spare bike, and threatened to quit the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066983-0008-0000", "contents": "1949 Tour de France, Race overview\nWhen Bartali reached Coppi, he saw the problem, and waited. Even later, the Italian team captain Binda arrived with Coppi's spare bike, and Bartali and Coppi started to ride. Coppi started to slow down, complaining he was hungry and exhausted. Bartali decided he could not wait anymore, and rode away from Coppi. Coppi came in 18 minutes late that stage. Later that night, it became clear that Coppi had been angry because the team leader had not been following him, even though he was in the leading group. Coppi did not want to race in a team where Bartali and not he was the leader. Binda tried to convince Coppi that he had been delayed, and he succeeded in keeping Coppi in the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 723]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066983-0009-0000", "contents": "1949 Tour de France, Race overview\nIn the Alps, Coppi recovered. In the sixteenth stage, Coppi escaped, and only Bartali followed him. It was Bartali's 35th birthday, and Coppi gave Bartali the stage victory. After that stage, Bartali was first in the general classification, with Coppi in second place, 82 seconds behind. In stage 17, Bartali and Coppi again were leading together. Around 40\u00a0km into the stage, Bartali punctured. Coppi waited for Bartali, but when Bartali later fell and twisted his ankle, team leader Binda allowed Coppi to take  off alone. Coppi did so, won the stage, and decided the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 610]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066983-0010-0000", "contents": "1949 Tour de France, Race overview\nThat seventeenth stage finished in the Italian town Aosta. Many Italians had come to see the Tour de France, to cheer on their Italian heroes Coppi and Bartali but also to express their anger against the French cyclists, specifically Jean Robic, who had said in an interview that he could beat those Italians easily. Insults were shouted against non-Italians in the Tour, and some windows of French cars were smashed. For safety, and because there were not enough telephone connections for the journalists, most Tour officials and journalists decided to spend the night in Switzerland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 620]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066983-0011-0000", "contents": "1949 Tour de France, Race overview\nWhen the Tour returned to France in the nineteenth stage to Colmar, some French spectators took revenge by throwing tomatoes and rocks towards the Italian cyclists and followers. The organisation apologised for this behavior, and the Italian cyclists accepted this apology.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066983-0012-0000", "contents": "1949 Tour de France, Race overview\nIn the rest of the race, Coppi's lead was not endangered; Coppi won the mountain time trial in stage 20, and won the Tour with a margin of more than ten minutes over Bartali.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066983-0013-0000", "contents": "1949 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes\nThe time that each cyclist required to finish each stage was recorded, and these times were added together for the general classification. If a cyclist had received a time bonus, it was subtracted from this total; all time penalties were added to this total. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey. Of the 120 cyclists, 55 finished the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 63], "content_span": [64, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066983-0014-0000", "contents": "1949 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes\nPoints for the mountains classification were earned by reaching the mountain tops first. There were two types of mountain tops: the hardest ones, in category 1, gave 10 points to the first cyclist, the easier ones, in category 2, gave 5 points to the first cyclist, and the easiest ones, in category 3, gave 3 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 63], "content_span": [64, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066983-0015-0000", "contents": "1949 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes\nThe team classification was calculated by adding the times in the general classification of the best three cyclists per team. The Italy Cadets and Switzerland finished with two cyclists each, so they were not eligible for this classification.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 63], "content_span": [64, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066983-0016-0000", "contents": "1949 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes\nThe Souvenir Henri Desgrange was given in honour of Tour founder Henri Desgrange to the first rider to pass a point by his final residence, the \"Villa Mia\" in Beauvallon, Grimaud, on the French Riviera on stage 15. This prize was won by Paul Giguet. The special award for the best regional rider was won by third-placed Jacques Marinelli.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 63], "content_span": [64, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066983-0017-0000", "contents": "1949 Tour de France, Aftermath\nAs Coppi had also won the 1949 Giro d'Italia, he became the first person to achieve the Giro-Tour double.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 30], "content_span": [31, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066983-0018-0000", "contents": "1949 Tour de France, Aftermath\nAfter the unrest in Aosta and Colmar, there were doubts if the Italian cyclists would return in 1950, and if that Tour should pass through Italy again. At the start of the 1950 Tour de France, the Italian team was present and the Tour was scheduled to go through Italy, but after further incidents the Italian team left the race, and the stage through Italy was rerouted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 30], "content_span": [31, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066983-0019-0000", "contents": "1949 Tour de France, Aftermath\nCoppi would go on to repeat the Giro-Tour double in 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 30], "content_span": [31, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066984-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Tour de Hongrie\nThe 1949 Tour de Hongrie was the 14th edition of the Tour de Hongrie cycle race and was held from 29 June to 3 July 1949. The race started and finished in Budapest. The race was won by Andr\u00e9 Labeylie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066985-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Tour de Romandie\nThe 1949 Tour de Romandie was the third edition of the Tour de Romandie cycle race and was held from 12 May to 15 May 1949. The race started and finished in Geneva. The race was won by Gino Bartali.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066986-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Tour de Suisse\nThe 1949 Tour de Suisse was the 13th edition of the Tour de Suisse cycle race and was held from 30 July to 6 August 1949. The race started and finished in Z\u00fcrich. The race was won by Gottfried Weilenmann.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066987-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Tour of Flanders\nThe 33rd running of the Tour of Flanders cycling classic was held on Sunday, 10 April 1949. Italian Fiorenzo Magni won the race in an 18-man sprint before Belgians Val\u00e8re Ollivier and Briek Schotte. Magni was the second non-Belgian rider to win the Tour of Flanders, as well as the first Italian. 52 of 225 riders finished.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066987-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Tour of Flanders, Route\nThe race started in Ghent and finished in Wetteren \u2013 totaling 260 km. The course featured three categorized climbs:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 28], "content_span": [29, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066988-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Tulane Green Wave football team\nThe 1949 Tulane Green Wave football team represented Tulane University as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) during the 1949 college football season. Led by fourth-year head coach Henry Frnka, the Green Wave played their home games at Tulane Stadium in New Orleans. Tulane finished the season with an overall record of 7\u20132\u20131 and a mark of 5\u20131 in conference play, winning the SEC title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066989-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Tulsa Golden Hurricane football team\nThe 1949 Tulsa Golden Hurricane football team represented the University of Tulsa during the 1949 college football season. In their fourth year under head coach Buddy Brothers, the Golden Hurricane compiled a 5\u20135\u20131 record, 1\u20132\u20131 against conference opponents, and finished in fifth place in the Missouri Valley Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066990-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Turkish Football Championship\nThe 1949 Turkish Football Championship was the 14th edition of the competition. It was held in June. Ankarag\u00fcc\u00fc won their first and only national championship title by winning the Final Group in Ankara.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066990-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Turkish Football Championship\nThe champions of the three major regional leagues (Istanbul, Ankara, and \u0130zmir) qualified directly for the Final Group. Eski\u015fehir Demirspor qualified by winning the qualification play-off, which was contested by the winners of the regional qualification groups.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066991-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 U.S. National Championships (tennis)\nThe 1949 U.S. National Championships (now known as the US Open) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the West Side Tennis Club, Forest Hills in New York City, United States. The tournament ran from 26 August until 5 September. It was the 69th staging of the U.S. National Championships, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of the year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066991-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 U.S. National Championships (tennis)\nPancho Gonzales won his second and final Grand Slam title before turning professional.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066991-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Men's Singles\nPancho Gonzales defeated  Ted Schroeder  16\u201318, 2\u20136, 6\u20131, 6\u20132, 6\u20134", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 64], "content_span": [65, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066991-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Men's doubles\nJohn Bromwich /  Bill Sidwell defeated  Frank Sedgman /  George Worthington 6\u20134, 6\u20130, 6\u20131", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 64], "content_span": [65, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066991-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Women's doubles\nLouise Brough /  Margaret Osborne duPont defeated  Shirley Fry /  Doris Hart 6\u20134, 10\u20138", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 66], "content_span": [67, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066991-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Mixed doubles\nLouise Brough /   Eric Sturgess defeated  Margaret Osborne duPont /  Bill Talbert 4\u20136, 6\u20133, 7\u20135", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 64], "content_span": [65, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066992-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nPancho Gonzales defeated Ted Schroeder 16\u201318, 2\u20136, 6\u20131, 6\u20132, 6\u20134 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1949 U.S. National Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066992-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Men's Singles, Seeds\nThe tournament used two lists of ten players for seeding the men's singles event; one for U.S. players and one for foreign players. Pancho Gonzales is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 55], "content_span": [56, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066993-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Women's Singles\nSecond-seeded Margaret Osborne duPont defeated Doris Hart 6\u20134, 6\u20131 in the final to win the Women's Singles tennis title at the 1949 U.S. National Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066993-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Women's Singles, Seeds\nThe tournament used two lists of seven players for seeding the women's singles event; one for U.S. players and one for foreign players. Margaret Osborne duPont is the champion; others show in brackets the round in which they were eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 57], "content_span": [58, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066994-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 U.S. Open (golf)\nThe 1949 U.S. Open was the 49th U.S. Open, held June 9\u201311 at Medinah Country Club in Medinah, Illinois, a suburb northwest of Chicago. Cary Middlecoff won the first of his two U.S. Open titles, one stroke ahead of runners-up Clayton Heafner and Sam Snead. For Snead, it was the third of four second-place finishes at the only major championship he never won. Middlecoff, a dentist, won his second U.S. Open in 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066994-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 U.S. Open (golf)\nMiddlecoff began the championship with a 75, but rebounded with scores of 67-69 in the next two rounds to take a one-shot lead over Buck White after 54 holes. In the final round, Middlecoff was paired with Heafner, and the two exchanged the lead several times during the round. Heafner went ahead by one after the 11th, then double-bogeyed 12 to give Middlecoff the lead. After a Heafner birdie at 13, the two were tied again.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066994-0001-0001", "contents": "1949 U.S. Open (golf)\nHeafner then bogeyed 14 to fall one behind, a deficit he would not be able to overcome after missing a 6-footer for birdie at 18 that would have forced a Sunday playoff. Snead also had a chance to force a playoff with a birdie at the last, but his approach shot missed the green and he could only save par.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066994-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 U.S. Open (golf)\nByron Nelson, the 1939 champion, came out of retirement but missed the cut. He played the U.S. Open six years later in 1955, then retired for good. Two-time champion Ralph Guldahl played in his final U.S. Open. Defending champion Ben Hogan missed the tournament after being severely injured in an automobile accident in February. He returned the following year and won three of the next four U.S. Opens.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 425]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066994-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 U.S. Open (golf)\nThis was the first U.S. Open at Medinah, which returned in 1975 and 1990, both ending in 18-hole playoffs. It later hosted the PGA Championship in 1999 and 2006, both won by Tiger Woods, and the Ryder Cup in 2012.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066995-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 U.S. Women's Open\nThe 1949 U.S. Women's Open was the fourth U.S. Women's Open, held September 22\u201325 at Prince George's Country Club in Landover, Maryland, a suburb east of Washington, D.C.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066995-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 U.S. Women's Open\nLouise Suggs led wire-to-wire and won the first of her two U.S. Women's Open titles, fourteen strokes ahead of runner-up Babe Zaharias, the defending champion. It was the fourth of eleven major championships for Suggs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066995-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 U.S. Women's Open\nThe course no longer exists and is now the site of Kentland Community Center Park.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066996-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 UCI Road World Championships\nThe 1949 UCI Road World Championships took place in Copenhagen, Denmark between 20\u201321 August 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066997-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 UCI Road World Championships \u2013 Men's road race\nThe men's road race at the 1949 UCI Road World Championships was the 16th edition of the event. The race took place on Sunday 21 August 1949 in Copenhagen, Denmark. The race was won by Rik Van Steenbergen of Belgium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066998-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 UCI Track Cycling World Championships\nThe 1949 UCI Track Cycling World Championships were the World Championship for track cycling. They took place in Copenhagen, Denmark from 22 to 28 August 1949. Five events for men were contested, 3 for professionals and 2 for amateurs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00066999-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 UCLA Bruins football team\nThe 1949 UCLA Bruins football team was an American football team that represented the University of California, Los Angeles during the 1949 college football season. In their first year under head coach Red Sanders, the Bruins compiled a 6\u20133 record (5\u20132 conference) and finished in second place in the Pacific Coast Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067000-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year\nThe 1949 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year was the 24th year of greyhound racing in the United Kingdom and Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067000-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Summary\nThe annual totalisator turnover was a healthy \u00a385,643,207, which although the fifth highest ever recorded was also the third consecutive drop since 1946.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067000-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Summary\nAnother concern was the fact that there were 207 tracks operating which was 63 less than during 1934. The industry put the blame squarely on government legislation that continued to squeeze operating profits. The government however were under pressure from organisations such as the Committee of Churches and ordered a public session.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067000-0002-0001", "contents": "1949 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Summary\nThey presented evidence to the Royal Commission of Betting Lotteries and Gaming attacking all forms of betting with greyhound racing being singled out in particular, with mention of all under 18s being banned from tracks and the deduction from the totalisator to be brought down from its current percentage with no gain for promoters through the operations of the bookmakers. The session resulted in a full blown disagreement.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067000-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Summary\nNarrogar Ann became only the second bitch to win the English Greyhound Derby which was also the second success in three years for the British breeders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067000-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Tracks\nEmployment at National Greyhound Racing Club tracks was 4,140 permanent employees and 14,809 part-time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 47], "content_span": [48, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067000-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Competitions\nLocal Interprize continued his success by winning a second consecutive Gold Collar title. The Wimbledon Two Year Old Produce Stakes offered a first prize of \u00a3900 for the 36 runner event. It was won on 22 June by Huntlawrigg, trained by Jerry Hannafin. The schedule of big races took a major hit as both the Welsh Greyhound Derby and Scottish Greyhound Derby were cancelled following problems over insufficient entries and funding. Local Interprize once again ran well in the Scurry Gold Cup but got beaten by a short head in the final to Burndennet Brook.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067000-0006-0000", "contents": "1949 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Competitions\nTrainer Stan Martin claimed the first two places with Ballymac Ball and Magna Hasty in the Laurels. Ballymac Ball won his heat beating Eastern Madness by three lengths and setting a new fast time for the event which was also a track record at Wimbledon of 28.03 seconds. He improved this time in his semi-final with a time of 27.99 seconds, beating Trev's Jubilee by twelve lengths, with Local Interprize a further length behind.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067000-0006-0001", "contents": "1949 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Competitions\nHe was the first greyhound to break 28 seconds at Wimbledon for 500 yards and in the final won by two lengths from kennelmate Magna Hasty, he possessed the same speed as his half-brother Ballyhennessy Seal. Defending champion Good Worker finished fifth with his trainer the former Surrey cricketer Jack Daley relinquishing his licence to become a cricket coach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067000-0007-0000", "contents": "1949 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Competitions\nBallymac Ball next contested the Thames Silver Salver at Southend Stadium, winning his heat and semi-final but, in the final, was beaten three lengths by Red Wind in 27.78 seconds, a new track record. Red Wind went on to win the Grand Prix. Defending champion Rio Cepretta did well to make the Oaks final again, two years after her triumph, the race was won by Still Drifting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067000-0007-0001", "contents": "1949 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Competitions\nTrainer Frank Davis continued his fine run in the sport and winning a major double in the October events, Red Wind had won the Grand Prix from kennelmate Drumgoon Boy and then the latter made amends by becoming Cesarewitch champion from another kennelmate Quare Caltha. The year ended with Ballymac Ball setting another track record, on 10 December, at White City over 550 yards in a time of 30.30 seconds when beating Good Worker and Narrogar Ann and on Boxing Day he went even faster in a time of 30.27, beating Red Wind, Eastern Madness and Narrogar Ann again.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 617]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067000-0008-0000", "contents": "1949 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Competitions\nThe Bob Burls trained Behattan Marquis ended the year as the leading open race winner after 14 victories. He earned \u00a32,637 in prize money and won the Wood Lane Stakes, the Northern Flat, the Midland Flat, the Summer Cup and the Eclipse.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067000-0009-0000", "contents": "1949 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, News\nClapton Stadium appointed a new trainer called Sidney Clare Orton known as 'Clare', son of Sidney Orton, he had spent three years at Coventry. Fred Trevillion's put up his entire operation up for sale which consisted of his \u00a3150,000 estate including kennels for 100 greyhounds, a schooling track, farmhouse and forty acres. Trevillion would later return to the United States but later died there greatly disillusioned.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 45], "content_span": [46, 464]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067000-0010-0000", "contents": "1949 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, News\nAt greyhound racing's premier track (White City) three new sea-food bars attract more than 4,000 customers on race nights and the track employs 14 part time staff to cope with the demand. Wimbledon introduced a new photo finish system which is unveiled by Instaprint Ltd.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 45], "content_span": [46, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067000-0011-0000", "contents": "1949 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Ireland\nTim 'Chubb' O\u2019Connor bred a successful litter from a mating with his bitch Cordal Moonlight. He put her to Shaggy Lad and four of the litter Spanish Lad, Spanish Emperor, Spanish Treasure and Ardraw Moonlight excelled in coursing which prompted O'Connor to mate her again. This time it was to Rebel Abbey and resulted in a greyhound named Spanish Chestnut. Spanish Lad won the Irish Greyhound Derby and Spanish Chestnut caused a sensation when winning the Irish Laurels in early September, aged just 18 months beating Derby champion and older half-brother Spanish Lad into second place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 635]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067000-0012-0000", "contents": "1949 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Ireland\nEar-marking for litters is introduced and all Irish greyhounds must be named by ten months old.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067001-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 UMass Redmen football team\nThe 1949 UMass Redmen football team represented the University of Massachusetts Amherst in the 1949 college football season as a member of the Yankee Conference. The team was coached by Thomas Eck and played its home games at Alumni Field in Amherst, Massachusetts. UMass finished the season with a record of 3\u20135 overall and 1\u20131 in conference play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067002-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 USC Trojans baseball team\nThe 1949 USC Trojans baseball team represented the University of Southern California in the 1949 NCAA baseball season. The Trojans played their home games at Bovard Field. The team was coached by Sam Barry serving his 17th year and Rod Dedeaux in his 8th year at USC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067002-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 USC Trojans baseball team\nThe Trojans won the California Intercollegiate Baseball Association championship, the Pacific Coast Conference Tournament and advanced to the College World Series, where they were defeated by the Wake Forest Demon Deacons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067003-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 USC Trojans football team\nThe 1949 USC Trojans football team represented the University of Southern California (USC) in the 1949 college football season. In their eighth year under head coach Jeff Cravath, the Trojans compiled a 5\u20133\u20131 record (4\u20132 against conference opponents), finished in a tie for third place in the Pacific Coast Conference, and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 214 to 170.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067004-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 USSR Chess Championship\nThe 1949 Soviet Chess Championship was the 17th edition of USSR Chess Championship. Held from 16 October to 20 November 1949 in Moscow. The tournament was won by Vassily Smyslov and David Bronstein. Mikhail Botvinnik did not participate in the championship again, he was to take a three-year break, to work on his doctorate. Semifinals tournaments were played in the cities of Moscow, Leningrad, Tbilisi and Vilnius.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067005-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Ulster Grand Prix\nThe 1949 Ulster Grand Prix was the fifth round of the 1949 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place at the Clady Circuit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067005-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Ulster Grand Prix\nBritish rider Leslie Graham riding an AJS won the 500 cc race from Artie Bell and Nello Pagani. The race victory for Graham, with Pagani only in third place, wrapped up the first world championship for Graham. Similarly AJS secured the constructor's title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067005-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Ulster Grand Prix\nIt was also the final race of the 350 cc title. British Velocette rider Freddie Frith was already world champion having achieved a perfect score and in winning the Ulster Grand Prix he completed a remarkable clean sweep, winning all five races of the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067006-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 United Kingdom local elections\nElections in England and Wales, 1949 held during the week of 4\u20139 April for County Council positions, resulted in sweeping Conservative gains and correspondingly heavy Labour losses. A remarkable feature of the elections was the \"dead heat\" in the London County Council between Labour and the Conservatives, who each won 64 seats,  with the Liberals retaining one seat, that of Sir Percy Harris in Bethnal Green. Outside London, Labour lost its former control of Middlesex, Essex, Northumberland, and the West Riding of Yorkshire; retained control of Derbyshire, Durham, Glamorgan, Monmouthshire, and Nottinghamshire, but won Carmarthenshire, the only county gained by Labour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 711]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067006-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 United Kingdom local elections, Background\nCounty Councils were introduced in England and Wales on 22 September 1889 by the Local Government Act of 1888. County councils were responsible for their area's strategic services, with smaller urban district councils and rural district councils responsible for other activities. The writ of the county councils did not extend everywhere: county boroughs were independent of the council for the county in which they were geographically situated, and county borough councils exercised the functions of both county councils and district councils.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 592]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067006-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 United Kingdom local elections, 1949 County Council election results\nThe England and Wales County Council elections were held the week of 4\u20139 April 1949. Prior to 1949 local elections were held in November, so those councillors who were due to retire in November 1948 had their terms extended to April 1949. (Local elections were later moved to the first Thursday of May.) Of the total of 3,879 vacant seats in the 62 counties in which elections were held, about half (1,938) the councillors were returned unopposed, whilst 1,941 seats were contested. The table below,  compiled by The Times newspaper, summarises the results, showing candidates returned, and individual gains and losses.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 73], "content_span": [74, 693]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067006-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 United Kingdom local elections, 1949 Borough elections\nThere were also local elections in urban district councils, rural district councils, Municipal boroughs in London and 392 cities and towns in England and Wales in May 1949. These showed a similar advance in Conservative support to that recorded in the County Council elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 59], "content_span": [60, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067006-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 United Kingdom local elections, By-elections in 1949\nThere were six Parliamentary by-elections held in 1949. All were in Labour held seats and all were retained by Labour but each one showed a movement of votes away from Labour and towards the Conservatives. Cook and Ramsden comment however that there was relatively little in these by-election results to indicate the extent to which the Tories would recover lost ground in the 1950 general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 57], "content_span": [58, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067006-0004-0001", "contents": "1949 United Kingdom local elections, By-elections in 1949\nHowever the first by-election to be held after the County and other local elections, in West Leeds on 21 July 1949,  showed the largest swing to the Conservatives in any Parliamentary contest for the previous nine months. Despite the assessment by Cook & Ramsden that the by-elections of 1949 offered little indication that the Tories would do so well in 1950, taken together with the County and other local results, a clear pattern of dissatisfaction with the Labour government can be discerned and a willingness by the electorate to turn again towards the Conservatives.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 57], "content_span": [58, 630]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067006-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 United Kingdom local elections, General election prospects\nAfter the Second World War local elections came to be accepted increasingly as barometers of the national political mood. The combined County and Borough election results offered a useful snapshot of public opinion as the Labour government elected in 1945 neared the end of its term of office.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 63], "content_span": [64, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067006-0006-0000", "contents": "1949 United Kingdom local elections, General election prospects, Conservative reaction\nThe influential Conservative peer, Lord Woolton who was chairman of the Tory party between 1946 and 1955, commented that the elections had taken place on a national scale and in effect constituted a miniature general election, indicating how opinion had changed in the country since 1945. The Conservatives especially took heart from the results. Tory leader Winston Churchill told a rally at the Royal Albert Hall that the County Council contests had seen great Conservative victories and there was a prospect of more to come. He forecast that the next general election would be \u2018one of the most memorable\u2019. Anthony Eden told the same meeting that the election results showed the electorate were moving towards the Conservative approaches of lower taxation, halting further nationalisations, providing incentives and the revival of the virtue of thrift.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 86], "content_span": [87, 941]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067006-0007-0000", "contents": "1949 United Kingdom local elections, General election prospects, Labour reaction\nFor Labour, Herbert Morrison told supporters that it was inevitable that Labour would be unable to hold on to the gains it had made in the exceptional years of 1945\u201346. He said that Labour would have to learn the lessons of the election results, particularly tactical ones about how and in which constituencies the Tories chose to fight the hardest and put the greatest resources.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 80], "content_span": [81, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067006-0007-0001", "contents": "1949 United Kingdom local elections, General election prospects, Labour reaction\nThis was a theme taken up in The Times leader of 14 May 1949 when it was commented that the Conservative Party machine had made great strides under Lord Woolton's direction and was now capable of enthusing its supporters and getting them to the polls in great numbers. However, in policy terms Morrison seemed reluctant to learn lessons, saying Labour needed more of the same and arguing for further attacks on \u2018powerful vested interests\u2019 to transform great private economic interests into public concerns, a call for more nationalisation and state regulation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 80], "content_span": [81, 641]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067006-0008-0000", "contents": "1949 United Kingdom local elections, General election prospects, Liberal reaction\nAs for the Liberals, they had read the writing on the wall. In late 1949 they persuaded Lloyd's of London to insure their candidates\u2019 deposits for the next general election. For the sum of \u00a35,000 Lloyds agreed to pay for all deposits lost after the first 50 up to 250. This turned out to be a shrewd deal as 319 of the 475 candidates the Liberal Party put up at the 1950 general election lost their deposits, amounting to two thirds of the total number of candidates standing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 81], "content_span": [82, 558]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067007-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 United States House of Representatives elections\nThere were five special elections to the United States House of Representatives in 1949, during the 81st United States Congress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067008-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 United States Senate special election in New York\nThe United States Senate special election of 1949 in New York was held on November 8, 1949. On June 28, 1949, incumbent senator Robert F. Wagner resigned due to ill health. On July 7, John Foster Dulles was appointed by Governor Thomas Dewey to fill the vacancy temporarily.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067008-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 United States Senate special election in New York\nThe Republican State Committee nominated Dulles to succeed himself. The Democratic State Committee nominated former Governor Herbert H. Lehman. The Liberal Party endorsed Lehman. The American Labor Party made no nominations and urged its members not to vote for any candidate. The Democratic/Liberal ticket was elected and Dulles was defeated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067009-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 United States gubernatorial elections\nUnited States gubernatorial elections were held on 8 November 1949, in two states. In New Jersey, the governor was elected to a 4-year term for the first time, instead of a 3-year term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067010-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Uruguayan Primera Divisi\u00f3n, Overview\nIt was contested by 10 teams, and Pe\u00f1arol won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 41], "content_span": [42, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067011-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Utah Redskins football team\nThe 1949 Utah Redskins football team represented the University of Utah during the 1949 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067011-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Utah Redskins football team, After the season, NFL Draft\nUtah had one player selected in the 1950 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 61], "content_span": [62, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067012-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Utah State Aggies football team\nThe 1949 Utah State Aggies football team was an American football team that represented Utah State University in the Skyline Six Conference during the 1949 college football season. In their first season under head coach George Melinkovich, the Aggies compiled a 3\u20137 record (1\u20133 against Skyline opponents), finished fifth in the Skyline Six Conference, and were outscored by opponents by a total of 211 to 105.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067012-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Utah State Aggies football team\nPrior the 1949 season, Dick Romney retired as Utah State's head football coach after 30 years in the position.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067013-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 VFA season\nThe 1949 Victorian Football Association season was the 68th season of the Australian rules football competition. The premiership was won by the Williamstown Football Club, which defeated Oakleigh by three points in the Grand Final on 1 October. It was the fifth premiership won by the club.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067013-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 VFA season\nDuring the season, the Association agreed to join the Australian National Football Council, effective from the 1950 season, ending a decade of division in Victorian football. Consequently, it was the final season in which the throw-pass was legal in the Association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067013-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 VFA season, Australian National Football Council affiliation, Background\nDuring the 1940s, unity of football control within Victoria had been a topic of regular discussion. The two football bodies in Victoria had been divided since 1938, when the Association broke away from Australian National Football Council. In the following decade, the Association had introduced a number of rule changes, most notably legalising throwing of the football in general play, while the ANFC-affiliated Victorian Football League was bound by the national rules; and, there was no player transfer agreement between the two bodies, allowing players to switch codes without a clearance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 77], "content_span": [78, 672]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067013-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 VFA season, Australian National Football Council affiliation, Background\nBy standing alone, the Association's throw-pass innovation and aggressive recruiting of League stars substantially boosted its attendances during the 1940s. However, the schism was problematic for Australian rules football as a whole: the poaching of players from one body by the other was undermining public opinion, giving other sports the opportunity to attract disenchanted fans; and, the lack of a consistent code of rules made it more difficult to spread the game to other parts of the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 77], "content_span": [78, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067013-0003-0001", "contents": "1949 VFA season, Australian National Football Council affiliation, Background\nThe VFL, VFA and ANFC all believed that the sport would benefit from unified control in Victoria, and there were regular discussions between the VFA and VFL during the early 1940s seeking amalgamation; none were successful. In the late 1940s, the VFA began looking at obtaining a seat on the ANFC as a means of unifying football control while maintaining its independence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 77], "content_span": [78, 450]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067013-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 VFA season, Australian National Football Council affiliation, 1949 player transfer reciprocity agreement\nNo arrangement for affiliation to the ANFC was reached for the 1949 season, but in March the VFA and VFL reached a separate bilateral agreement to recognise the validity of each other's clearances, effective from the start of the 1949 season. The new agreement meant that League players were not legally permitted to play in the Association without a clearance from their League clubs, or vice versa; prior to the agreement, players who switched competitions without a clearance received a suspension which was binding only in his former competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 109], "content_span": [110, 660]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067013-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 VFA season, Australian National Football Council affiliation, 1949 player transfer reciprocity agreement\nBy the end of the season, both the League and the Association had agreed to lift any active suspensions which players had received for switching codes without a clearance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 109], "content_span": [110, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067013-0006-0000", "contents": "1949 VFA season, Australian National Football Council affiliation, Affiliation with the ANFC\nThe Association formally agreed to affiliate with the ANFC in August 1949. Under the terms of the affiliation:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 92], "content_span": [93, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067013-0007-0000", "contents": "1949 VFA season, Australian National Football Council affiliation, Affiliation with the ANFC\nThe motion to affiliate was passed on 8 August 1949 by a majority of 18\u20137. Delegates representing Oakleigh, Williamstown and Yarraville voted against the motion. The Association remained affiliated with the ANFC until it was expelled in March 1970 for playing League players without an endorsed clearance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 92], "content_span": [93, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067013-0008-0000", "contents": "1949 VFA season, Premiership\nThe home-and-home season was played over twenty-one matches, before the top four clubs contested a finals series under the Page\u2013McIntyre system to determine the premiers for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 28], "content_span": [29, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067014-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 VFL Grand Final\nThe 1949 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Carlton Football Club and Essendon Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on 24 September 1949. It was the 53rd annual grand final of the Victorian Football League, staged to determine the premiers for the 1949 VFL season. The match, attended by 88,718 spectators, was won by Essendon by 73 points, marking that club's ninth premiership victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 464]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067014-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 VFL Grand Final\nIt was Essendon's fourth successive grand final appearance, having won the 1946 VFL Grand Final but finishing runners-up the previous two years. Star Bombers full-forward John Coleman, in his first season of VFL Football, kicked six goals for the game, the last of which brought up his 100th goal for the year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067015-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 VFL season\nThe 1949 Victorian Football League season was the 53rd season of the elite Australian rules football competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067015-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 VFL season, Premiership season\nIn 1949, the VFL competition consisted of twelve teams of 18 on-the-field players each, plus two substitute players, known as the 19th man and the 20th man. A player could be substituted for any reason; however, once substituted, a player could not return to the field of play under any circumstances.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 35], "content_span": [36, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067015-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 VFL season, Premiership season\nTeams played each other in a home-and-away season of 19 rounds; matches 12 to 19 were the \"home-and-way reverse\" of matches 1 to 8.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 35], "content_span": [36, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067015-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 VFL season, Premiership season\nOnce the 19 round home-and-away season had finished, the 1949 VFL Premiers were determined by the specific format and conventions of the Page\u2013McIntyre system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 35], "content_span": [36, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067016-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 VPI Gobblers football team\nThe 1949 VPI Gobblers football team represented Virginia Polytechnic Institute in the 1949 college football season. The team was led by their head coach Robert McNeish and finished with a record of one win, seven losses and two ties (1\u20137\u20132).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067016-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 VPI Gobblers football team, Players\nThe following players were members of the 1949 football team according to the roster published in the 1950 edition of The Bugle, the Virginia Tech yearbook.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 40], "content_span": [41, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067017-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Valdostan regional election\nThe Valdostan regional election of 1949 took place on 24 April 1949. The National Liberation Committee of Italy had granted in 1946 a special autonomy to Aosta Valley, later confirmed by the Italian Constitution of 1948.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067018-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Vanderbilt Commodores football team\nThe 1949 Vanderbilt Commodores football team represented Vanderbilt University during the 1949 college football season. The team's head coach was Bill Edwards, who served his first season as the Commodores' head coach. Vanderbilt went 5\u20135 with a record of 4\u20134 in Southeastern Conference play. The Commodores played their six home games at Dudley Field in Nashville, Tennessee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067019-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Vermont Catamounts football team\nThe 1949 Vermont Catamounts football team represented the Vermont Catamounts football team of the University of Vermont during the 1949 college football season. Despite a 2\u20130 conference record, the league title was awarded to both Connecticut and Maine, who finished with 2\u20130\u20131 league records, with their tie coming against each other.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067020-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Victorian Legislative Council election\nElections were held in the Australian state of Victoria on Saturday 18 June 1949 to elect 17 of the 34 members of the state's Legislative Council for six year terms. MLCs were elected in single-member provinces using preferential voting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067020-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Victorian Legislative Council election, Results, Legislative Council\nVictorian Legislative Council election, 18 June 1949Legislative Council << 1946\u20131952 >>", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 73], "content_span": [74, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067020-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Victorian Legislative Council election, Retiring Members\nNote: Sir George Goudie (Country, North Western) had died prior to the election; no by-election was held.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 61], "content_span": [62, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067020-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Victorian Legislative Council election, Candidates\nSitting members are shown in bold text. Successful candidates are highlighted in the relevant colour. Where there is possible confusion, an asterisk (*) is also used.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 55], "content_span": [56, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067021-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Villanova Wildcats football team\nThe 1949 Villanova Wildcats football team represented the Villanova University during the 1949 college football season. The head coach was Jim Leonard, coaching his first season with the Wildcats. The team played their home games at Villanova Stadium in Villanova, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067022-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Virginia Cavaliers football team\nThe 1949 Virginia Cavaliers football team represented the University of Virginia during the 1949 college football season. The Cavaliers were led by fourth-year head coach Art Guepe and played their home games at Scott Stadium in Charlottesville, Virginia. They competed as independents. Opening the year with seven straight victories, Virginia climbed to ninth in the AP Poll. They lost their final two games of the year, including to rival North Carolina, to finish 7\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067023-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Virginia gubernatorial election\nIn the 1949 Virginia gubernatorial election, incumbent Governor William M. Tuck, a Democrat, was unable to seek re-election due to term limits. Virginia State Senator John S. Battle was nominated by the Democratic Party to run against Republican Walter Johnson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067024-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Volta a Catalunya\nThe 1949 Volta a Catalunya was the 29th edition of the Volta a Catalunya cycle race and was held from 18 September to 25 September 1949. The race started in Montju\u00efc and finished in Barcelona. The race was won by \u00c9mile Rol.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067025-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 WANFL season\nThe 1949 WANFL season was the 65th season of senior football in Perth, Western Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067026-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Wake Forest Demon Deacons baseball team\nThe 1949 Wake Forest Demon Deacons baseball team represented Wake Forest College in the 1949 NCAA baseball season. The team was coached by Lee Gooch in his second season as head coach at Wake Forest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067026-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Wake Forest Demon Deacons baseball team\nThe Demon Deacons reached the College World Series, finishing as the runner up to Texas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067027-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team\nThe 1949 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team was an American football team that represented Wake Forest University during the 1949 college football season. In its 13th season under head coach Peahead Walker, the team compiled a 4\u20136 record and finished in a three-way tie for ninth place in the Southern Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067027-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team\nBack Bill Gregus and guard Ray Cicia were selected by the Associated Press as first-team players on the 1949 All-Southern Conference football team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067028-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Walker Cup\nThe 1949 Walker Cup, the 12th Walker Cup Match, was played on August 19 and 20, 1949, on the West course at Winged Foot Golf Club, Mamaroneck, New York. The United States won by 10 matches to 2.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067028-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Walker Cup, Format\nFour 36-hole matches of foursomes were played on Friday and eight singles matches on Saturday. Each of the 12 matches was worth one point in the larger team competition. If a match was all square after the 36th hole extra holes were not played. The team with most points won the competition. If the two teams were tied, the previous winner would retain the trophy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 23], "content_span": [24, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067028-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Walker Cup, Teams\nTen players for the United States and Great Britain & Ireland participated in the event. Great Britain & Ireland had a playing captain, while the United States had a non-playing captain. Laddie Lucas, the Great Britain and Ireland playing captain, did not select himself or Bunny Millward for any of the matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 22], "content_span": [23, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067029-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Washington Huskies football team\nThe 1949 Washington Huskies football team was an American football team that represented the University of Washington during the 1949 college football season. In its second season under head coach Howard Odell, the team compiled a 3\u20137 record, finished in a tie for sixth place in the Pacific Coast Conference, and was outscored by its opponents by a combined total of 285 to 167. Chuck Olson was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067029-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Washington Huskies football team, NFL Draft selections\nTwo University of Washington Huskies were selected in the 1950 NFL Draft, which lasted 30 rounds with 391 selections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 59], "content_span": [60, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067030-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Washington Redskins season\nThe 1949 Washington Redskins season was the franchise's 18th season in the National Football League  The team failed to improve on their 7\u20135 record from 1948 and finished 4-7-1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067030-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Washington Redskins season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 42], "content_span": [43, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067031-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Washington Senators season\nThe 1949 Washington Senators, the 49th edition of the Major League Baseball franchise, won 50 games, lost 104, and finished in eighth and last place in the American League. It was the worst showing by the Washington club in 40 years, since the 1909 Senators lost 113 games. The team was managed by Joe Kuhel; it played its home games at Griffith Stadium, where it drew 770,745 fans, seventh in the circuit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067031-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Washington Senators season\nThe Senators actually won 25 of their first 45 games and stood in third place after Sunday, June 5, 1949. But they would win only 25 games more all season, playing at an abysmal .229 rate over their last 109 contests. In today's 162-game schedule, that would have resulted in a 37\u2013125 mark, surpassing the 1962 Mets' record for futility. At year's end, manager Kuhel would be replaced by Bucky Harris, the Senators' 1924 \"boy wonder\" manager, now 53, returning for a third term as skipper of the Senators.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067031-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Washington Senators season, Regular season\nOn September 28, Senators pitcher Ray Scarborough ended Ted Williams' streak of most consecutive games reaching base safely at 84 games. Scarborough gave up just four hits in a 4\u20131 complete game win over the Boston Red Sox. Johnny Pesky made the final out with Williams on deck.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 47], "content_span": [48, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067031-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 76], "content_span": [77, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067031-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 69], "content_span": [70, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067031-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 74], "content_span": [75, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067031-0006-0000", "contents": "1949 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067031-0007-0000", "contents": "1949 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 72], "content_span": [73, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067032-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Washington State Cougars football team\nThe 1949 Washington State Cougars football team was an American football team that represented Washington State College during the 1949 college football season. In his fifth and final year as head coach, Phil\u00a0Sarboe led the team to a 2\u20136 mark in the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) and 3\u20136 overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067032-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Washington State Cougars football team\nThe Cougars' four home games were played on campus in Pullman at Rogers Field, with a nearby road game in\u00a0Moscow against Palouse neighbor\u00a0Idaho. Washington State opened with two wins at home but ended the season on a four-game losing streak.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067032-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Washington State Cougars football team\nSarboe resigned after the season in early December, then coached at North Central High School in Spokane. He\u00a0was succeeded at WSC in late January by 31-year-old Forest Evashevski, the backfield coach at Michigan State under Biggie Munn and a former back at Michigan under Fritz Crisler.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067033-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1949 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship was the 49th staging of the Waterford Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Waterford County Board in 1897.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067033-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship\nOn 16 October 1949, Mount Sion won the championship after a 4-08 to 0-06 defeat of Clonea in the final. This was their 7th championship title overall and their second title in succession.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067034-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Wayne Tartars football team\nThe 1949 Wayne Tartars football team represented Wayne University (later renamed Wayne State University) as an independent during the 1949 college football season. Under first-year head coach Louis F. Zarza, the team compiled a 3\u20135 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067035-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 West German federal election\nFederal elections were held in West Germany on 14 August 1949 to elect the members of the first Bundestag, with a further eight seats elected in West Berlin between 1949 and January 1952 and another eleven between February 1952 and 1953. They were the first free federal elections in West Germany since 1933 and the first after the division of the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067035-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 West German federal election, Campaign\nAfter World War II, the German Instrument of Surrender and the country's division into four Allied occupation zones, the elections were held in the Federal Republic of Germany, established under occupation statute in the three Western zones with the proclamation of its Basic Law by the Parlamentarischer Rat assembly of the West German states on 23 May 1949. Most West German parties at the time of the 1949 Bundestag election were committed to democracy, but they disagreed on what kind of democracy West Germany should become.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067035-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 West German federal election, Campaign\nThe Christian Democratic (CDU) leader, 73-year-old Konrad Adenauer, former mayor of Cologne and party chairman in the British Zone since March 1946, believed in moderate, non-denominational and Christian democracy, social market economy and integration with the West. In 1948 he had become president of the Parlamentarischer Rat, an office that added to his popularity as protagonist of a \"state-to-be\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067035-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 West German federal election, Campaign\nThe Social Democratic (SPD) leader, Kurt Schumacher, wanted a united, democratic and socialist Germany. Schumacher had heavily agitated against the forced merger of the Communist Party (KPD) and SPD (both in the Soviet occupation zone) into the Socialist Unity Party of Germany and he had also turned the party's course away from the working class advocacy group of the Weimar Republic towards a left-wing big tent party with distinct patriotic features. He constantly accused Adenauer of betraying national interests (see, for example, Bj\u00f6l, Grimberg's History of the Nations), culminating in his heckle at the Bundestag session of 25 September 1949: \"The Chancellor of the Allies! \".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 729]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067035-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 West German federal election, Results\nIn the end and to the great disappointment of the Social Democrats, the CDU/CSU outnumbered them by 31.0% to 29.2% of the votes cast. Enough participating West Germans favoured Adenauer's and his coalition partners' \u2013 the liberal Free Democrats' (FDP) and the conservative German Party's (DP) \u2013 policies and promises over Schumacher's and the other left-wingers' policies to give the centre-right parties a slight majority of deputies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067035-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 West German federal election, Results\nTo enter the Bundestag, a party had to surmount a threshold of 5% at least in one of the states or to win at least one electoral district; ten parties succeeded. A number of non-voting members (elected in 1949:2 CDU, 5 SPD, 1 FDP; joined in February 1952 by: 3 CDU, 4 SPD, 4 FDP) indirectly elected by the West Berlin legislature (Stadtverordnetenversammlung) are included below in parentheses. The French Saar Protectorate did not participate in this election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067035-0006-0000", "contents": "1949 West German federal election, Post-election\nSchumacher had explicitly refused a grand coalition and led his party into opposition, where it would remain until December 1966, assuming the chair of the SPD parliamentary group as minority leader. On 12 September 1949, he lost the German presidential election, defeated by FDP chairman Theodor Heuss in the second ballot. Schumacher died on 20 August 1952 of the long-term consequences of his concentration camp imprisonment during the Nazi years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 48], "content_span": [49, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067035-0007-0000", "contents": "1949 West German federal election, Post-election\nAdenauer had favoured the formation of a smaller centre-right coalition from the beginning. Nominated by the CDU/CSU faction, he was elected the first Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany on 15 September 1949 by an absolute majority of 202 of 402 votes. Adenauer had ensured that the votes of the predominantly Social Democrat West Berlin deputies did not count and later stated that he \"naturally\" had voted for himself. On 20 September, he formed the Cabinet Adenauer I of CDU/CSU, FDP, and DP ministers. Chosen as an interim Chancellor, he held the office until 1963, being re-elected three times (in 1953, in 1957 and in 1961).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 48], "content_span": [49, 689]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067036-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 West German presidential election\nThe election of the first President of the Federal Republic of Germany (officially the 1st Federal Convention) was held on 12 September 1949, following the first Bundestag election of 14 August 1949 and coalition talks/ negotiations between CDU/CSU, FDP and German Party (DP).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067036-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 West German presidential election\nThe FDP leader Theodor Heuss, who was nominated by CDU/CSU and FDP by agreement of the partners of the ruling coalition, was elected by the Federal Convention (composed of all members of the Bundestag and an equal number of delegates selected by the state legislatures).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067036-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 West German presidential election\nUnder the 1949 Basic Law, the new office of the Federal President was given fewer powers than the preceding office of Reich President, due to the bad experiences of the past, especially the abuse of emergency powers. Heuss therefore assumed a largely ceremonial role. However, his duties included the nomination of the first Federal Chancellor, Konrad Adenauer. Federal President Heuss took the oath of office in front of Bundestag and Bundesrat the same day of his election, on 12 September 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 536]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067037-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 West Texas State Buffaloes football team\nThe 1949 West Texas State Buffaloes football team was an American football team that represented West Texas State College (now known as West Texas A&M University) in the Border Conference during the 1949 college football season. In its third season under head coach Frank Kimbrough, the team compiled a 5\u20134 record (3\u20132 against conference opponents) and outscored opponents by a total of 249 to 170.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067038-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 West Virginia Mountaineers football team\nThe 1949 West Virginia Mountaineers football team was an American football team that represented West Virginia University as an independent during the 1949 college football season. In its second and final season under head coach Dudley DeGroot, the team compiled a 4\u20136\u20131 record and was outscored by a total of 275 to 227. The team played its home games at Mountaineer Field in Morgantown, West Virginia. Peter Zinaich was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067039-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 West Virginia State Yellow Jackets football team\nThe 1949 West Virginia State Yellow Jackets football team was an American football team that represented West Virginia State University as a member of the Colored Intercollegiate Athletic Association (CIAA) during the 1949 college football season. In their fifth season under head coach Mark Cardwell, the team compiled an 8\u20130\u20131 record and outscored opponents by a total of 197 to 79. The team ranked No. 3 among the nation's black college football teams according to the Pittsburgh Courier and its Dickinson Rating System. The team played its home games at Lakin Field in Institute, West Virginia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 652]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067039-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 West Virginia State Yellow Jackets football team\nKey players included quarterback Joe Gilliam, fullback Oliver Ellis, halfbacks Alfred Graves, Charlie Fairfax, and Jack Taylor, ends Clarence \"Bump\" Clark, Horace Christian, and John Gist, tackle Ed Wickliffe, and kicker Alfred Melchor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067040-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Western Michigan Broncos football team\nThe 1949 Western Michigan Broncos football team represented Western Michigan College of Education (later renamed Western Michigan University) in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1949 college football season. In their eighth season under head coach John Gill, the Broncos compiled a 4\u20134 record (2\u20133 against MAC opponents), finished in fourth place in the MAC, and outscored their opponents, 148 to 123. The team played its home games at Waldo Stadium in Kalamazoo, Michigan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 529]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067040-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Western Michigan Broncos football team\nGuard Bob Carlson was the team captain. Safety George Dunn received the team's most outstanding player award.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067041-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Western Reserve Red Cats football team\nThe 1949 Western Reserve Red Cats football team represented the Western Reserve University in the American city of Cleveland, Ohio, now known as Case Western Reserve University, during the 1949 college football season. The Red Cats were a member of the Mid-American Conference (MAC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067041-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Western Reserve Red Cats football team\nThe team was coached by Mike Scarry, a former Cleveland Browns player who played under and learned his coaching style from Paul Brown. Assistant coaches were Dick Luther and Lou Zontini.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067041-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Western Reserve Red Cats football team\n1949 was the last season both Western Reserve University and Case Institute of Technology used League Park for their home football games, relocating to Shaw Stadium in 1950. In fact, the Thanksgiving Day rivalry game on November 24, 1949 was the final football game ever played at League Park.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067042-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Wichita Shockers football team\nThe 1949 Wichita Shockers football team was an American football team that represented Wichita University (now known as Wichita State University) as a member of the Missouri Valley Conference during the 1949 college football season. In its first season under head coach Jim Trimble, the team compiled a 3\u20136\u20131 record (2\u20133\u20131 against conference opponents), finished fourth out of seven teams in the MVC, and outscored opponents by a total of 212 to 211. The team played its home games at Veterans Field, now known as Cessna Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067043-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Wightman Cup\nThe 1949 Wightman Cup was the 21st edition of the annual women's team tennis competition between the United States and Great Britain. It was held at the Merion Cricket Club in Haverford, Pennsylvania, United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067044-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Wilkes 200\nThe 1949 Wilkes 200 was a NASCAR Strictly Stock Series racing event that took place on October 16, 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067044-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Wilkes 200\nTen thousand people would attend this live racing event where Kenneth Wagner qualified for the race with a pole position speed of 57.563 miles per hour (92.639\u00a0km/h) \u2013 the equivalent of 31.27 seconds. The entire race took place on a dirt track spanning 0.500 miles (0.805\u00a0km) per lap. Weather conditions for the race were recorded at nearby Hickory Regional Airport; a public airport located three miles (5\u00a0km) west of the central business district of nearby Hickory, North Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067044-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Wilkes 200, Summary\nThis would be the final race of the 1949 NASCAR season and would take place at North Wilkesboro Speedway in North Wilkesboro, North Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 24], "content_span": [25, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067044-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Wilkes 200, Summary\nBob Flock would defeat Lee Petty by an entire football field \u2013 100 yards (91\u00a0m) \u2013 to win NASCAR's first racing event with an established name. Flock would earn a mere $1,500 in prize winnings ($16,315.38 when inflation is taken into effect). Frank Mundy would receive a last-place finish for only finishing 38 laps out of the mandated 200 laps. Bill Blair would lead the most laps in this race with 180 laps led out of 200.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 24], "content_span": [25, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067044-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 Wilkes 200, Summary\nRed Byron would go on to win NASCAR's first ever championship while Sara Christian would become one of its first female drivers. Byron almost became a cripple after being shot by an enemy fighter plane while serving as a tail gunner on a B-24 Liberator bomber during World War II. He spent two years in military hospitals rehabilitating his leg so that he could compete in NASCAR after the war ended.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 24], "content_span": [25, 425]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067044-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 Wilkes 200, Summary\nNotable crew chiefs who actively participated in the race were Buddy Elliott, Julian Petty, Buddy Helms, Red Vogt, and Cliff Rainwater.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 24], "content_span": [25, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067044-0006-0000", "contents": "1949 Wilkes 200, Summary\nWhile Red Byron and Lee Petty were the better drivers of the 1949 NASCAR Cup Series season, Bill Blair was the most consistent driver along with Petty.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 24], "content_span": [25, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067045-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 William & Mary Indians football team\nThe 1949 William & Mary Indians football team represented the College of William & Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia during the 1949 college football season. The 1940s was the most successful decade in William & Mary football history. The Indians amassed more wins than any other decade (and this includes a non-existent 1943 season due to World War II), had the largest positive-point differential, won two conference championships and qualified for back-to-back bowl games in 1947 and 1948. There were 24 National Football League (NFL) Draft selections, which is the most all-time for William & Mary in a single decade. Additionally, the 1940s was the only decade in which William & Mary was an Associated Press nationally ranked team as a major college football team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 809]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067046-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Wimbledon Championships\nThe 1949 Wimbledon Championships took place on the outdoor grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in Wimbledon, London, United Kingdom. The tournament was held from Monday 20 June until Saturday 2 July. It was the 63rd staging of the Wimbledon Championships, and the third Grand Slam tennis event of 1949. Ted Schroeder and Louise Brough won the singles titles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067046-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Wimbledon Championships\nA record 25,000 people attended the opening day of the championships. Centre Court was fully restored and renovated for the championships in 1949, having suffered bomb damage during The Blitz in the Second World War. Women officiated as lines judges on Centre Court for the first time in 1949. The Men's Singles champion received the winners' trophy on Centre Court for the first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067046-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Wimbledon Championships, Finals, Seniors, Men's Singles\nTed Schroeder defeated  Jaroslav Drobn\u00fd, 3\u20136, 6\u20130, 6\u20133, 4\u20136, 6\u20134", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 60], "content_span": [61, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067046-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Wimbledon Championships, Finals, Seniors, Men's Doubles\nPancho Gonzales /  Frank Parker defeated  Gardnar Mulloy /  Ted Schroeder, 6\u20134, 6\u20134, 6\u20132", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 60], "content_span": [61, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067046-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 Wimbledon Championships, Finals, Seniors, Women's Doubles\nLouise Brough /  Margaret duPont defeated  Gussie Moran /  Pat Todd, 8\u20136, 7\u20135", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 62], "content_span": [63, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067046-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 Wimbledon Championships, Finals, Seniors, Mixed Doubles\nEric Sturgess /  Sheila Summers defeated  John Bromwich /  Louise Brough, 9\u20137, 9\u201311, 7\u20135", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 60], "content_span": [61, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067047-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Boys' Singles\nStaffan Stockenberg defeated John Horn in the final, 6\u20132, 6\u20131 to win the Boys' Singles tennis title at the 1949 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067048-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Girls' Singles\nChristiane Mercelis defeated Violette Rigollet in the final, 6\u20134, 6\u20132 to win the Girls' Singles tennis title at the 1949 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067049-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Doubles\nJohn Bromwich and Frank Sedgman were the defending champions, but lost in the quarterfinals to Budge Patty and Eric Sturgess.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067049-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Doubles\nPancho Gonzales and Frank Parker defeated Gardnar Mulloy and Ted Schroeder in the final, 6\u20134, 6\u20134, 6\u20132 to win the Gentlemen' Doubles tennis title at the 1949 Wimbledon Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067049-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Doubles, Seeds\nClick on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067050-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nTed Schroeder defeated Jaroslav Drobn\u00fd in the final, 3\u20136, 6\u20130, 6\u20133, 4\u20136, 6\u20134 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1949 Wimbledon Championships. Bob Falkenburg was the defending champion, but lost in the quarterfinals to John Bromwich.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067050-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Singles, Seeds\nClick on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067051-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Mixed Doubles\nEric Sturgess and Sheila Summers defeated the defending champions John Bromwich and Louise Brough in the final, 9\u20137, 9\u201311, 7\u20135 to win the Mixed Doubles tennis title at the 1949 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067051-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Mixed Doubles, Seeds\nClick on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067052-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Women's Doubles\nLouise Brough and Margaret duPont successfully defended their title, defeating Gussie Moran and Pat Todd in the final, 8\u20136, 7\u20135 to win the Ladies' Doubles tennis title at the 1949 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067052-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Women's Doubles, Seeds\nClick on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 53], "content_span": [54, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067052-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Women's Doubles, Draw, Top half, Section 2\nThe nationalities of Mrs FG Downing, Mrs EM Frost and Mrs M Guthrie are unknown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 73], "content_span": [74, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067053-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Women's Singles\nLouise Brough successfully defended her title, defeating Margaret duPont in the final, 10\u20138, 1\u20136, 10\u20138 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1949 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067053-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Women's Singles, Seeds\nClick on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 53], "content_span": [54, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067054-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Winter Deaflympics\nThe 1949 Winter Deaflympics (German: Winter-Deaflympics 1949) officially known as the I International Winter Games for the Deaf (German: I Internationale Winterspiele f\u00fcr Geh\u00f6rlose) is an international multi-sport event that was held from 26 January 1949 to 30 January 1949. This event was hosted by Austria.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067054-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Winter Deaflympics, History\nThis event was introduced as a result of the success of the Summer Deaflympics which was introduced in 1924.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067054-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Winter Deaflympics, History\nThe event held just after the end of World War II and the Games held coinciding the 1949 Summer Deaflympics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067054-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Winter Deaflympics, History\nOnly 5 Nations participated at the inaugural Winter Deaflympics including the host nation Austria. The other nations were Finland, Czechoslovakia, Sweden and Switzerland. Alpine skiing and Cross-country skiing were the only sports being introduced at the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067054-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 Winter Deaflympics, History\nWomen were not allowed to participate at the inaugural Winter Deaflympics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067055-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Wisconsin Badgers football team\nThe 1949 Wisconsin Badgers football team represented the University of Wisconsin in the 1949 Big Nine Conference football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067056-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Wis\u0142a Krak\u00f3w season\nThe 1949 season was Wis\u0142a Krak\u00f3w's 41st year as a club. Wis\u0142a was under the name of Gwardia-Wis\u0142a Krak\u00f3w.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067057-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Women's British Open Squash Championship\nThe 1949 Ladies Open Championships was held at the Lansdowne Club in London from 10\u201316 January 1949. Joan Curry won her third title defeating Janet Morgan in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067057-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Women's British Open Squash Championship, Seeds\nJanet Morgan  Betty Hilton  Margaret Carlisle  Margot Harris  Myriam De Borman  Betty Cooke", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 52], "content_span": [53, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067058-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Women's European Volleyball Championship\nThe 1949 Women's European Volleyball Championship was the first edition of the event, organised by Europe's governing volleyball body, the Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration Europ\u00e9enne de Volleyball. It was hosted in Prague, Czechoslovakia from 10 to 18 September 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067058-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Women's European Volleyball Championship, Format\nThe tournament was played in a single round-robin format, with all teams placed in a single group.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 53], "content_span": [54, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067059-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Women's Western Open\nThe 1949 Women's Western Open was a golf competition held at the Oklahoma City Golf & Country Club, which was the 20th edition of the event. Louise Suggs won the championship in match play competition by defeating Betty Jameson in the final match, 5 and 4.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067060-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 World Archery Championships\nThe 1949 World Archery Championships was the 13th edition of the World Archery Championships. The event was held in Paris, France in August 1949 and was organised by World Archery Federation (FITA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067061-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 World Federalist California Resolution\nThe 1949 World Federalist California Resolution was a measure passed by the California legislature that called on the United States Congress to amend the United States Constitution to allow for U.S. participation in a federal world government. It was introduced at the request of United World Federalists leaders Alan Cranston and Bob Walker.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067062-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 World Fencing Championships\nThe 1949 World Fencing Championships were held in Cairo, Egypt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 96]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067063-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 World Figure Skating Championships\nThe World Figure Skating Championships is an annual figure skating competition sanctioned by the International Skating Union in which amateur figure skaters compete for the title of World Champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067063-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 World Figure Skating Championships\nThe 1949 championships took place from February 16 to 18 in Paris, France. At the men's event, the favorite, Dick Button won. At the women's event, however, the favorite, Eva Pawlik of Austria, who had been the Olympic runner-up behind Barbara Ann Scott one year before and who had just won the European title in 1949, dropped out because of a broken boot heel just before the free program. which provided Alena Vrz\u00e1\u0148ov\u00e1 of Czechoslovakia with the opportunity to win the gold medal. She became the first woman to perform a double lutz.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 575]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067063-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 World Figure Skating Championships, Results, Pairs\n*: better placed due to the majority of the better placings", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 55], "content_span": [56, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067064-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 World Series\nThe 1949 World Series featured the New York Yankees and Brooklyn Dodgers, with the Yankees winning in five games for their second defeat of the Dodgers in three years, and the 12th championship in team history. This victory would start a record run of five straight World Series championships by the Yankees, and was also the first of 14 AL pennants in 16 years (1949\u20131964 except for 1954 and 1959) for the Yankees.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067064-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 World Series\nBoth teams finished the regular season with exactly the same records and winning their respective leagues by one game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067064-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 World Series, Summary\nAL New York Yankees (4) vs. NL Brooklyn Dodgers (1)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 26], "content_span": [27, 78]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067064-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 World Series, Matchups, Game 1\nDon Newcombe of the Dodgers threw a complete game, five-hitter allowing only one run in a 1\u20130 losing effort. He struck out 11 Yankees during that game to tie the record for most strikeouts during a World Series game by a losing pitcher. Tommy Henrich led off the bottom of the ninth by tagging Newcombe for the first walk-off home run in World Series history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067064-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 World Series, Matchups, Game 2\nPreacher Roe pitched a six-hit shutout, getting the only run he needed early when Jackie Robinson doubled and Gil Hodges singled. Yankee Stadium came alive in the ninth with Joe DiMaggio's leadoff hit, but Roe retired the next three Yankees for the win, the second straight 1\u20130 result of the Series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067064-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 World Series, Matchups, Game 2\nUpon the completion of game 2, 1949 became the first World Series to contain multiple 1\u20130 games, a distinction only matched in 1966.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067064-0006-0000", "contents": "1949 World Series, Matchups, Game 3\nIn Game 3, the Yankees struck first in the third on Phil Rizzuto's sacrifice fly with two on off Ralph Branca, but Pee Wee Reese tied the game in the fourth on a home run off Tommy Byrne. In the ninth, two walks and a single loaded the bases with two outs, when Johnny Mize delivered a two-run pinch-hit single to right. Brooklyn starter Ralph Branca was then replaced by Jack Banta, who gave up an RBI single to Jerry Coleman that made it 4\u20131 Yankees. It seemed safe until Luis Olmo and Roy Campanella homered in the bottom of the ninth, but Joe Page hung on for the win after 5+2\u20443 innings in relief.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 638]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067064-0007-0000", "contents": "1949 World Series, Matchups, Game 4\nCliff Mapes broke a scoreless tie in the fourth inning with a two-run double off Don Newcombe. Yankee pitcher Eddie Lopat aided his own cause with an RBI double, and the advantage ballooned to 6\u20130 after a bases-loaded Bobby Brown triple scored three more in the fifth off Joe Hatten. Lopat pitched five scoreless innings before allowing two lead-off singles in the sixth. After a double play moved Pee Wee Reese to third, Jackie Robinson's RBI single put the Dodgers on the board. After a Gil Hodges single, RBI singles by Luis Olmo, Roy Campanella, and Gene Hermanski chased Lopat and cheered Ebbets Field's fans, bringing the Dodgers back to within 6\u20134. After that, though, Allie Reynolds held the home team hitless.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 754]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067064-0008-0000", "contents": "1949 World Series, Matchups, Game 5\nA shaky start by Rex Barney. proved costly for Brooklyn. In the first, the Yankees loaded the bases on two walks and an error before Joe DiMaggio's sacrifice fly and Bobby Brown's RBI single put them up 2\u20130. In the third, the Yankees again loaded the bases on two walks and a single before a Jerry Coleman two-run single knocked Barney out of the game. Vic Raschi's RBI single off Jack Banta made it 5\u20130 Yankees.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067064-0008-0001", "contents": "1949 World Series, Matchups, Game 5\nThe Dodgers got on the board in the bottom half off Raschi when Roy Campanella doubled and scored on Pee Wee Reese's single, but the Yankees got that run back with a Joe DiMaggio home run in the fourth. Next inning, Gene Woodling hit a leadoff double and scored on two groundouts. In the sixth, after a walk and single off Carl Erskine, Yogi Berra's sacrifice fly made it 8\u20131 Yankees, then after a pop out, a Bobby Brown RBI triple aided by an error that allowed Brown himself to score extended their lead to 10\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 550]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067064-0008-0002", "contents": "1949 World Series, Matchups, Game 5\nThe Dodgers got a run in the bottom half on Gene Hermanski's RBI single after a double and walk. Next inning, after a one-out single and walk, Jackie Robinson's sacrifice fly made it 10\u20133 Yankees, then after another walk, Gil Hodges's three-run home run cut their lead to 10\u20136. However, Joe Page held the Dodgers scoreless for the rest of the game to give the Yankees the title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067064-0009-0000", "contents": "1949 World Series, Matchups, Game 5\nHistory was made in the ninth inning when the Ebbets Field lights were turned on, making this the first World Series game finished under artificial lights. The first scheduled Series night game would not be held until 1971.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067064-0010-0000", "contents": "1949 World Series, Composite box\n1949 World Series (4\u20131): New York Yankees (A.L.) over Brooklyn Dodgers (N.L.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 32], "content_span": [33, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067065-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 World Snooker Championship\nThe 1949 World Snooker Championship was a snooker tournament held at the Leicester Square Hall in London, England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067065-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 World Snooker Championship\nFor the third year running the final was contested by Fred Davis and Walter Donaldson. Davis became the second player to defend his first world title after Joe Davis in 1928 by defeating Donaldson 80\u201365 in the final, although he had taken a winning lead of 73\u201358 on the previous day. The match was still in the balance with the score at 63\u201358 before Davis won 10 frames in a row to take the title. Donaldson made the highest break of the tournament with 115 on the last day of his semi-final match against John Pulman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 550]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067065-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 World Snooker Championship, Qualifying\nJohn Barrie withdrew for business reasons, giving Herbert Holt a bye into the final of the qualifying event. Conrad Stanbury beat Herbert Francis 18\u201317 in his first round match played from 10 to 12 February 1949 and then beat Jackie Rea by the same score in a match played from 14 to 16 February. Stanbury then played Holt in the final of the qualifying from 17 to 19 February and recorded his third 18\u201317 victory, winning the exciting final frame. All three matches were at Leicester Square Hall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 541]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067066-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 World Table Tennis Championships\nThe 1949 World Table Tennis Championships were held in Stockholm from February 4 to February 10, 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067067-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Doubles\nThe 1949 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Doubles was the 16th edition of the men's doubles championship. Ivan Andreadis and Franti\u0161ek Tok\u00e1r won the title after defeating Bohumil V\u00e1\u0148a and Ladislav \u0160t\u00edpek in the final by three sets to nil.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067068-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nThe 1949 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Singles was the 16th edition of the men's singles championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067068-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nJohnny Leach defeated Bohumil V\u00e1\u0148a in the final, winning three sets to two to secure the title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067069-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Team\nThe 1949 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Swaythling Cup (Men's Team) was the 16th edition of the men's team championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067069-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Team\nHungary won the gold medal defeating Czechoslovakia 5-4 in the final. England and the United States both won bronze medals by virtue of finishing second in their groups.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067070-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Mixed Doubles\nThe 1949 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Mixed Doubles was the 16th edition of the mixed doubles championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067070-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Mixed Doubles\nFerenc Sid\u00f3 and Gizi Farkas defeated Bohumil V\u00e1\u0148a and Kv\u011bta Hru\u0161kov\u00e1 in the final by three sets to nil.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067071-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Women's Doubles\nThe 1949 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Women's Doubles was the 15th edition of the women's doubles championship. Gizi Farkas and Helen Elliot defeated Pinkie Barnes and Joan Crosby in the final by three sets to nil.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067072-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Women's Singles\nThe 1949 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Women's Singles was the 16th edition of the women's singles championship. Gizi Farkas defeated Kv\u011bta Hru\u0161kov\u00e1 in the final by three sets to one, to win claim a third consecutive title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067073-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Women's Team\nThe 1949 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Corbillon Cup (Women's Team) was the ninth edition of the women's team championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067073-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Women's Team\nUnited States won the gold medal defeating England 3-1 in the final. France and Hungary won bronze medals after finishing second in their respective groups.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067074-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 World Weightlifting Championships\nThe 1949 Men's World Weightlifting Championships were held in Scheveningen, Netherlands from September 4 to September 6, 1949. There were 38 men in action from 13 nations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067075-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Wyoming Cowboys football team\nThe 1949 Wyoming Cowboys football team represented the University of Wyoming in the Skyline Six Conference during the 1949 college football season. In their third season under head coach Bowden Wyatt, the Cowboys compiled a 9\u20131 record (5\u20130 against Skyline Six opponents), won the Skyline Six championship, shut out six of ten opponents while averaging 38 points per game, and outscored all opponents by a total of 381 to 65. The conference championship was the first in the program's history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067075-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Wyoming Cowboys football team\nOn November 5, 1949, the Cowboys defeated Colorado State College in Greeley by a score of 103 to 0. The team established the program's single-game records that still stand for points scored (103), touchdowns (15) rushing yardage (504), and total yards (871).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067075-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Wyoming Cowboys football team\nFour Wyoming players were named to the Skyline Six All-Star team selected by the conference coaches for the Associated Press: tackle Charles Peterson; center Fred Taucher; fullback Walker \"Sonny\" Jones; and halfback Eddie Talboom. Carl Rollins was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067075-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Wyoming Cowboys football team\nIn 2000, Talboom, who played with the Cowboys from 1948 to 1950, became the first Wyoming player to be inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame. Head coach Bowden Wyatt was also inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1997.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067076-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Xavier Musketeers football team\nThe 1949 Xavier Musketeers football team was an American football team that represented Xavier University as an independent during the 1949 college football season. In its third season under head coach Ed Kluska, the team compiled a 10\u20131 record, defeated Arizona State in the 1950 Salad Bowl, and outscored all opponents by a total of 257 to 110. The team's only loss was to Bear Bryant's 1949 Kentucky Wildcats football team that was ranked No. 11 in the final AP Poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067077-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Yale Bulldogs football team\nThe 1949 Yale Bulldogs football team represented Yale University in the 1949 college football season. The Bulldogs were led by second-year head coach Herman Hickman, played their home games at the Yale Bowl and finished the season with a 4\u20134 record. The team was captained by Levi Jackson, the first African American  honored with the position.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067078-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Yugoslav First Basketball League\nThe 1949 Yugoslav First Basketball League season is the 5th season of the Yugoslav First Basketball League, the highest professional basketball league in SFR Yugoslavia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067078-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Yugoslav First Basketball League\nIt was the first time the competition was held as a traditional league with every team playing every other team twice, home and away. In previous years, the competition had been held as a tournament in a single location.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067079-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Yugoslav Women's Basketball League\nThe 1949 Yugoslav Women's Basketball League is the 5th season of the Yugoslav Women's Basketball League, the highest professional basketball league in Yugoslavia for women's. Championships is played in 1949 in Belgrade and played eight teams. Champion for this season is Crvena zvezda.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067080-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Yukon general election\nThe 1949 Yukon general election was held on 25 July 1949 to elect the three members of the Yukon Territorial Council. The council was non-partisan and had merely an advisory role to the federally appointed Commissioner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067081-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 Zandvoort Grand Prix\nThe 1949 Zandvoort Grand Prix, sometimes known as the 1949 Dutch Grand Prix, was a non-championship Formula One race held on 31 July 1949 at Circuit Zandvoort.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067081-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 Zandvoort Grand Prix, Report\nThe event consisted of two 25-lap heats and a 40-lap final. The cars were split based on their racing numbers, the lower numbers (1-9) competing in Heat 1 and the higher numbers (14-21) in Heat 2. A qualifying session determined the grid for each heat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 33], "content_span": [34, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067081-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 Zandvoort Grand Prix, Report\nGiuseppe Farina secured pole position for Heat 1 at 1:54.8, the fastest time of the weekend. However, Luigi Villoresi beat him at the start and took the heat unchallenged, setting the fastest lap at 1:59.3. Farina could not challenge due to a misfire, but still finished second. Reigning race winner Prince Bira was third. St John Horsfall finished sixth but chose not to start the final due to a stiff piston.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 33], "content_span": [34, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067081-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 Zandvoort Grand Prix, Report\nAlberto Ascari secured pole position for Heat 2 at 1:55.0. Reg Parnell led the first lap but Ascari retook the lead and steadily pulled away. The race complexion changed in the middle phase: heavy rain began to fall, which better suited Parnell, and at the same time Ascari developed minor engine issues. Parnell closed a 23-second gap to Ascari and won the heat. Ascari set the fastest lap at 2:01. Geoffrey Crossley finished sixth; he handed his Alta over to George Abecassis for the final. Peter Whitehead retired with a broken magneto and Raymond Sommer suffered a broken throttle control.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 33], "content_span": [34, 627]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067081-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 Zandvoort Grand Prix, Report\nThe final was hotly contested between Ascari and Villoresi, the two Ferrari drivers trading the lead until lap 34 when a wheel fell off Ascari's car. Farina and Parnell had jumped the start and were handed a one minute post-race time penalty after respectively finishing second and fifth on the road.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 33], "content_span": [34, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067082-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 anti-NATO riot in Iceland\nThe anti-NATO riot in Iceland of 30 March 1949 was prompted by the decision of the Al\u00feingi, the Icelandic parliament, to join the newly formed NATO, thereby involving Iceland directly in the Cold War, opposing the Soviet Union and re-militarizing the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067082-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 anti-NATO riot in Iceland, Protest\nSeveral hundred protesters first convened behind a school in the centre of Reykjav\u00edk and then marched on Austurv\u00f6llur, a small park in front of the parliament building, where a throng of people had already arrived positioning themselves between the parliament and the rioters, intending to defend it.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067082-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 anti-NATO riot in Iceland, Protest\nAt first the demonstrators were calm, but when a leading member of the Socialist Party announced over a loudspeaker that the leader of his party was held hostage inside the Parliament building, things became violent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067082-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 anti-NATO riot in Iceland, Protest\nRocks and eggs were tossed at the building, some breaking the windows and one narrowly missing the head of the Parliamentary president, until the Reykjav\u00edk police force, aided by volunteers from the Independence Party intervened, beating rioters down and eventually launching tear gas grenades at the rioters. It was the first time police in Iceland used tear gas against protesters and the only time until 2009, when police used it during the Icelandic financial crisis protests.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067082-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 anti-NATO riot in Iceland, Protest\nThe riot continued also after the conclusion of the vote and lasted for several hours.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067082-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 anti-NATO riot in Iceland, Aftermath\nAfter the event, protests by anti-NATO activists were commonplace. The left parties in the 1950s and 1960s parliamentary elections promised to put an end to the bilateral U.S.-Icelandic Defence Agreement, but dropped these promises after becoming part of the ruling coalitions. The slogan \"Iceland out of NATO and the Army out!\" (\"\u00cdsland \u00far NATO og herinn burt!\") became a part of Icelandic culture. In 1974, the government proposed closing down the Keflavik base, but a petition campaign gathered a quarter of the population's signatures. The government fell out of power, and it was replaced by a decidedly pro-NATO government. On 30 September 2006, the US Navy unilaterally withdrew the last of its military force from Keflav\u00edk airport.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 781]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067082-0006-0000", "contents": "1949 anti-NATO riot in Iceland, Aftermath\nIn 2016, the United States began preparations to re-establish its presence at the base. In 2017, the United States announced its intention to construct a modern air base on the peninsula.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067082-0007-0000", "contents": "1949 anti-NATO riot in Iceland, Aftermath\nThe protagonist of the novel Angels of the Universe is born during the riot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067082-0008-0000", "contents": "1949 anti-NATO riot in Iceland, Gallery\nPeople gather in front of the House of the Althing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 91]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067082-0009-0000", "contents": "1949 anti-NATO riot in Iceland, Gallery\nPolice are prepared for trouble in front of the House of the Althing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067082-0010-0000", "contents": "1949 anti-NATO riot in Iceland, Gallery\nOverview over Austurv\u00f6llur, in front of the House of the Althing", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067082-0011-0000", "contents": "1949 anti-NATO riot in Iceland, Gallery\nOverview over Austurv\u00f6llur, Reykjavik Cathedral and the House of the Althing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067082-0012-0000", "contents": "1949 anti-NATO riot in Iceland, Gallery\nPeople gather for a meeting at the old school, by Tj\u00f6rnin in downtown Reykjavik", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067082-0013-0000", "contents": "1949 anti-NATO riot in Iceland, Gallery\nIn the throng in front of the House of the Althing during anti-NATO protests.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067082-0014-0000", "contents": "1949 anti-NATO riot in Iceland, Gallery\nFighting breaks out between anti- and pro-NATO supporters, and police. The windows of the House of the Althing have been smashed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067082-0015-0000", "contents": "1949 anti-NATO riot in Iceland, Gallery\nPolicemen in gas masks guard Austurv\u00f6llur after dispersing the crowd with tear gas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067083-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 college football season\nThe 1949 college football season finished with four teams that were unbeaten and untied-- Notre Dame, Oklahoma, California, and Army had won all their games at season's end. Notre Dame, however, was the overwhelming choice for national champion in the AP Poll, with 172 of 208 first place votes. The Fighting Irish did not participate in the New Year's Day bowl games, which were played on January 2, 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067083-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 college football season, September\nThe Associated Press did not poll the writers until the third week of the season. Among the five teams that had been ranked highest in 1948, California opened play on September 17 with a 21\u20137 win over Santa Clara.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 39], "content_span": [40, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067083-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 college football season, September\nBy September 24, most teams were in action. Defending champion Michigan beat visiting Michigan State, 7\u20133. Notre Dame beat Indiana 49\u20136. North Carolina beat N.C. State 26\u20136. California beat St. Mary's 29\u20137. The night before, Oklahoma had won at Boston College, 46\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 39], "content_span": [40, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067083-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 college football season, October\nOn October 1 in Seattle, Notre Dame beat Washington 27\u20137. Oklahoma beat Texas A&M 33\u201313, North Carolina beat Georgia 21\u201314, and Michigan won at Stanford, 27\u20137. When the first poll was issued, Michigan had 34 of the 80 votes cast, followed by Notre Dame and Oklahoma. Tulane University, which had beaten Alabama 28\u201314 and Georgia Tech 18\u20130, placed fourth. Minnesota, which had victories over Washington (48\u201320) and at Nebraska (28\u20136) was fifth. North Carolina, which had been in the final top five in 1948, was at sixth place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067083-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 college football season, October\nOctober 8 No. 1 Michigan was beaten at home by No. 7 Army. No. 2 Notre Dame won at Purdue 35\u201312. No. 3 Oklahoma beat Texas in Dallas, 20\u201314. No. 4 Tulane beat Southeastern Louisiana 40\u20130. No. 5 Minnesota beat Northwestern 21\u20137.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067083-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 college football season, October\nOctober 15  In South Bend, No. 1 Notre Dame beat No. 4 Tulane 46\u20137. No. 2 Army won at Harvard, 54\u201314. No. 3 Oklahoma beat Kansas 48\u201326. No. 9 California, which beat USC 16\u201310, was fifth in the next poll. No. 5 Minnesota stayed unbeaten with a win in Columbus over Ohio State, 27\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067083-0006-0000", "contents": "1949 college football season, October\nOctober 22 No. 1 Notre Dame was idle. No. 2 Army beat Columbia 63\u20136. No. 3 Minnesota lost at Michigan, 14\u20137. No. 4 Oklahoma won at Nebraska 48\u20130. No. 5 California beat Washington 21\u20137. No. 9 Rice won at Texas, 17\u201315, and was fifth in the next poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067083-0007-0000", "contents": "1949 college football season, October\nOctober 29  In Baltimore, No. 1 Notre Dame defeated Navy, 40\u20130. No. 2 Army (the United States Military Academy) defeated the VMI (the Virginia Military Institute) 40\u201314. No. 3 Oklahoma beat Iowa State 34\u20137. In Los Angeles, No. 4 California beat UCLA 35\u201321. No. 5 Rice beat Texas Tech 28\u20130 to extend its record to 5\u20131\u20130. No. 6 Michigan, which won at Illinois 13\u20130, returned to the Top Five with a 4\u20132\u20130 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067083-0008-0000", "contents": "1949 college football season, November\nNovember 5No. 1 Notre Dame won at Michigan State, 34\u201321. No. 2 Army defeated No. 20 Fordham, 35\u20130. No. 3 Oklahoma won at Kansas State 39\u20130. No. 4 California beat Washington State 33\u201314. No. 5 Michigan beat Purdue 20\u201312. The top five stayed unchanged.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067083-0009-0000", "contents": "1949 college football season, November\nNovember 12  At Yankee Stadium, No. 1 Notre Dame beat North Carolina, 42\u20136. No. 2 Army had a scare in Philadelphia, edging Penn 14\u201313. No. 3 Oklahoma won at Missouri, 27\u20137. No. 4 California beat Oregon 41\u201314. No. 5 Michigan beat Indiana 20\u20137.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067083-0010-0000", "contents": "1949 college football season, November\nNovember 19 No. 1 Notre Dame defeated Iowa 28\u20137. No. 2 Oklahoma beat Santa Clara 28\u201321. No. 3 California defeated Stanford 33\u201314 to finish its season unbeaten. No. 4 Army was idle as it prepared for the Army\u2013Navy Game. No. 5 Michigan was tied by No. 7 Ohio State, 7\u20137.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067083-0011-0000", "contents": "1949 college football season, November\nNovember 26 No. 1 Notre Dame defeated visiting USC, 32\u20130. No. 3 Oklahoma beat Oklahoma State 41\u20130. No. 4 Army returned to Philadelphia for the Army\u2013Navy Game and defeated Navy 38\u20130. No. 2 California at 10\u20130\u20130, and No. 5 Ohio State, at 6\u20131\u20132, accepted bids to play in the Rose Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067083-0012-0000", "contents": "1949 college football season, November\nThe final poll was released on November 28, although some colleges had not completed their schedules. On December 3, the national champs, No. 1 Notre Dame closed a perfect season in Dallas with a 27\u201320 win over Southern Methodist University (SMU).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067084-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 in Afghanistan\nThe following lists events that happened during 1949 in Afghanistan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067084-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 in Afghanistan\nThe cold war between Afghanistan and Pakistan continues. Political circles in Kabul and the Afghan government insist that Pakistan should constitute the North-West Frontier Province as an independent Pashtun republic, or at least allow the Pashtuns of the tribal areas on the Pakistan side of the Durand Line to opt for Kabul. The British government categorically refuses the Afghan request that it should intervene. The press and wireless of Kabul continue to pour out propaganda against Pakistan. The Pakistan government refrains from reprisals and trade between the two countries goes on as before; in fact economic cooperation is offered. Afghanistan is in the grip of an economic crisis. The Persian lamb trade, a vital element in Afghan finance, is languishing; Indian import duties paralyze the export of fruit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 838]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067084-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 in Afghanistan, June 1949\nThe Afghan parliament cancels all treaties which former Afghan governments have signed with the British, including the Durand Line Agreement, and thus proclaims that the Afghan government does not recognize the Durand Line as a legal boundary between Afghanistan and Pakistan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 30], "content_span": [31, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067084-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 in Afghanistan, November 24, 1949\nThe Export-Import Bank of Washington grants Afghanistan a $21,000,000 loan on the strength of which important work on roads, bridges, and irrigation dams, which a U.S. firm had been carrying out for two or three years but which was held up because of dwindling Afghan credit, is to be resumed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 38], "content_span": [39, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067085-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 in Australia\nThe following lists events that happened during 1949 in Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 84]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067086-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 in Australian literature\nThis article presents a list of the historical events and publications of Australian literature during 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067086-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 in Australian literature, Births\nA list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1949 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067086-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 in Australian literature, Deaths\nA list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1949 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067089-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 in Brazilian football\nThe following article presents a summary of the 1949 football (soccer) season in Brazil, which was the 48th season of competitive football in the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067089-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 in Brazilian football, Campeonato Paulista, Relegation\nThe worst placed team, which is Comercial-SP, was relegated to the following year's second level.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 59], "content_span": [60, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067089-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 in Brazilian football, Brazil national team\nThe following table lists all the games played by the Brazil national football team in official competitions and friendly matches during 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 48], "content_span": [49, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067090-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 in British music\nThis is a summary of 1949 in music in the United Kingdom.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 79]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067091-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 in British radio\nThis is a list of events from British radio in 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 74]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067092-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 in British television\nThis is a list of British television related events from 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067094-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 in Canada, Historical documents\nIllingworth cartoon depicts Stalin-shaped mushroom cloud overshadowing western Europe and North America", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067094-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 in Canada, Historical documents\nJoint US-Canadian defence strategy must address not only huge Soviet force in Europe, but its recently revealed atomic weapon capability", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067094-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 in Canada, Historical documents\n\"This struggle [with Communism] is coming closer and closer\" - Canada should be aware that it has U.S.S.R. on its northern border", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067094-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 in Canada, Historical documents\nDenial of NATO \"automatic commitment\" comes from old idea of U.S.A. and Canada as \"producers and not consumers of security\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067094-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 in Canada, Historical documents\nDespite disapproval, Canada would strengthen its Article 2 on cultural, economic and social collaboration in draft NATO treaty", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067094-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 in Canada, Historical documents\nAfter prolonged objection to NATO treaty Article 2 by U.S. Senators, they publicly praise it as one reason for ratification", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067094-0006-0000", "contents": "1949 in Canada, Historical documents\nU.S.A. undermines Canada's export economy and aid to European recovery, and unfairly criticizes defence spending", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067094-0007-0000", "contents": "1949 in Canada, Historical documents\nDiscussion of suggested USA-UK-Canada federation, UK's place in Europe, and Europe's economic decline as world industrializes", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067094-0008-0000", "contents": "1949 in Canada, Historical documents\n\"Spectre of starvation, not only of the body, but also of the mind\" - Canadians organize for cultural reconstruction of Europe", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067094-0009-0000", "contents": "1949 in Canada, Historical documents\nCanada raises $1 million for aid to devastated countries, including 5,000 school food boxes, 30,000 library books, and artists' equipment", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067094-0010-0000", "contents": "1949 in Canada, Historical documents\nPM Nehru explains India's \"championship of freedom and racial equality in Asia\" and asks Canada's support for liberty and against want", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067094-0011-0000", "contents": "1949 in Canada, Historical documents\nNational Film Board's history of independent international distribution bothers Department of External Affairs", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067094-0012-0000", "contents": "1949 in Canada, Historical documents\n\"(UNESCO should reject) projects not likely to achieve immediately useful results\" - Example of Canada's role as helpful fixer", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067094-0013-0000", "contents": "1949 in Canada, Historical documents\nLetters of appreciation about (and from) displaced persons brought from Europe by government to work in Canada", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067094-0014-0000", "contents": "1949 in Canada, Historical documents\nGiven their unpopularity in Canada, External Affairs urged to be judicious about allowing Germans in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067094-0015-0000", "contents": "1949 in Canada, Historical documents\n\"Running a war and a wide-open immigration policy at the same time[ \u2013 there's] no alternative\" - Newspaper columnist on Israel", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067094-0016-0000", "contents": "1949 in Canada, Historical documents\nCanadian leadership tries to settle dispute in refugee organization over Jewish emigration to Palestine conflict zone", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067094-0017-0000", "contents": "1949 in Canada, Historical documents\nCanadian diplomat on elimination of corruption and black market and other positive changes in China following Communist takeover", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067094-0018-0000", "contents": "1949 in Canada, Historical documents\n\"Undesirable contacts\" - Federal official is leery about stationing Black U.S. troops near Inuit", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067094-0019-0000", "contents": "1949 in Canada, Historical documents\nHydro-electricity, boundary waters, roads and railways: Canada wants information on U.S. interest in northwestern North America", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067094-0020-0000", "contents": "1949 in Canada, Historical documents\nHistorical and diplomatic reasons for retaining \"Alert\" name for joint U.S.-Canadian weather station on Ellesmere Island", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067094-0021-0000", "contents": "1949 in Canada, Historical documents\n\"You are joining a good country\" - Prime Minister St. Laurent's speech on Newfoundland's entry into Confederation", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067094-0022-0000", "contents": "1949 in Canada, Historical documents\n\"The Catholic Syndicates appear to have shunned [a] settlement\" - Violence and unspoken motivation behind Quebec's Asbestos Strike", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067094-0023-0000", "contents": "1949 in Canada, Historical documents\nFilm: newsreel of strikers, strikebreakers and police in Asbestos, Quebec", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067094-0024-0000", "contents": "1949 in Canada, Historical documents\n\"The most powerful social and moral authority in the community\" - Sociologist says unions are replacing church in Windsor, Ont.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067094-0025-0000", "contents": "1949 in Canada, Historical documents\nDiscussions between George Hislop and Jim Egan are roots of Toronto-area gay liberation", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067094-0026-0000", "contents": "1949 in Canada, Historical documents\nFearing recent total war effort may result in permanent checks on individual rights, senator introduces draft bill of rights", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067094-0027-0000", "contents": "1949 in Canada, Historical documents\n\"A more complete[... ]Canadian democracy\" - Canadian Jewish Congress promotes national institutions for cultural understanding", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067094-0028-0000", "contents": "1949 in Canada, Historical documents\nMassey Commission suggests questions on influences and possibilities to Ernest MacMillan for his critical study of Canadian music", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067094-0029-0000", "contents": "1949 in Canada, Historical documents\n\"A cultural renaissance[... ]from the grass roots\" - Calgary Allied Arts Council urges Massey Commission to back community arts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067094-0030-0000", "contents": "1949 in Canada, Historical documents\n\"A new and gifted player\" - Jazz at the Philharmonic presents Oscar Peterson's debut at Carnegie Hall, New York", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067094-0031-0000", "contents": "1949 in Canada, Historical documents\nFilm: newsreel of cruise ship burning in Toronto harbour with scores of lives lost", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067094-0032-0000", "contents": "1949 in Canada, Historical documents\nAdvertisement: CP Air staged flight to Australia with Honolulu and Fiji stopovers", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067095-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 in Canadian football\nThe Calgary Stampeders had an opportunity to defend their Grey Cup title in 1949, but the Montreal Alouettes returned the trophy to Quebec for just the third time in its history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067095-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 in Canadian football, Canadian Football News in 1949\nThe Edmonton Eskimos rejoined with the WIFU and adopted the colours of gold and green. The WIFU regular season was extended to 14 games, per team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 57], "content_span": [58, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067095-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 in Canadian football, Canadian Football News in 1949\nWearing helmets became compulsory with the two unions. The Western Canada Rugby Football Union ceased its operations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 57], "content_span": [58, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067095-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 in Canadian football, Regular season, Final regular season standings\nNote: GP = Games Played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, PF = Points For, PA = Points Against, Pts = Points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 73], "content_span": [74, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067095-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 in Canadian football, Grey Cup Championship\n37th Annual Grey Cup Game: Varsity Stadium \u2013 Toronto, Ontario", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 48], "content_span": [49, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067095-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 in Canadian football, 1949 Eastern (Interprovincial Rugby Football Union) All-Stars\nNOTE: During this time most players played both ways, so the All-Star selections do not distinguish between some offensive and defensive positions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 88], "content_span": [89, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067095-0006-0000", "contents": "1949 in Canadian football, 1949 Western (Western Interprovincial Football Union) All-Stars\nNOTE: During this time most players played both ways, so the All-Star selections do not distinguish between some offensive and defensive positions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 90], "content_span": [91, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067095-0007-0000", "contents": "1949 in Canadian football, 1949 Ontario Rugby Football Union All-Stars\nNOTE: During this time most players played both ways, so the All-Star selections do not distinguish between some offensive and defensive positions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 70], "content_span": [71, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067096-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 in Chile\nThe following lists events that happened during 1949 in Chile.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 76]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067099-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 in El Salvador\nThe following lists events that happened in 1949 in El Salvador.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 84]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067100-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 in Estonia\nThis article lists events that occurred during 1949 in Estonia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 79]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067102-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 in Germany\nEvents in the year 1949 in the Allied-occupied Germany, then in West Germany and East Germany.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067103-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 in Iceland\nThe following lists events that happened in 1949 in Iceland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 76]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067105-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 in Indonesia\nEvents in the year 1949 in Indonesia. The country had an estimated population of   74,530,300.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067107-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 in Israel, Events\nHonor guard stands beside Herzl's coffin in Israel, August 1949", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 86]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067107-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 in Israel, Events, Israeli\u2013Palestinian conflict\nThe most prominent events related to the Israeli\u2013Palestinian conflict which occurred during 1949 include:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 52], "content_span": [53, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067109-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 in Jordan\nThe following lists events that happened during 1949 in Jordan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 78]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067110-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 in Laos\nThe following lists events that happened during 1949 in Laos.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 74]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067111-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 in Luxembourg\nThe following lists events that happened during 1949 in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067112-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 in Malaya\nThis article lists important figures and events in Malayan public affairs during the year 1949, together with births and deaths of significant Malayans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067113-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 in Michigan, Top stories\nThe Associated Press polled editors of its member newspapers in Michigan and ranked the state's top news stories of 1949 as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 29], "content_span": [30, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067113-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 in Michigan, Population\nIn the 1940 United States Census, Michigan was recorded as having a population of 5,256,106, ranking as the seventh most populous state in the country. By 1950, Michigan's population had increased by 21.2% to 6,371,766.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 28], "content_span": [29, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067113-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 in Michigan, Population, Cities\nThe following is a list of cities in Michigan with a population of at least 20,000 based on 1940 U.S. Census data. Historic census data from 1930 and 1950 is included to reflect trends in population increases or decreases. Cities that are part of the Detroit metropolitan area are shaded in tan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 36], "content_span": [37, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067113-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 in Michigan, Population, Counties\nThe following is a list of counties in Michigan with populations of at least 75,000 based on 1940 U.S. Census data. Historic census data from 1930 and 1950 are included to reflect trends in population increases or decreases.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 38], "content_span": [39, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067113-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 in Michigan, Companies\nThe following is a list of major companies based in Michigan in 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 27], "content_span": [28, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067114-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 in New Zealand\nThe following lists events that happened during 1949 in New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067114-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 in New Zealand\nMost New Zealanders became New Zealand citizens in addition to being British subjects, as the British Nationality and New Zealand Citizenship Act 1948 came into effect.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067114-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 in New Zealand\nThe National government of Sydney Holland was elected in the 1949 New Zealand general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067114-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 in New Zealand, Incumbents, Government\nThe 28th New Zealand Parliament continued. Government was the Labour until after the November general election, which saw it replaced by National Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 43], "content_span": [44, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067114-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 in New Zealand, Incumbents, Government\nIriaka R\u0101tana (Labour) is the first M\u0101ori woman elected to Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 43], "content_span": [44, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067114-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 in New Zealand, Arts and literature, Film\nSee : Category:1949 film awards, 1949 in film, List of New Zealand feature films, Cinema of New Zealand, Category:1949 films", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 46], "content_span": [47, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067114-0006-0000", "contents": "1949 in New Zealand, Sport, Lawn bowls\nThe national outdoor lawn bowls championships are held in Auckland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 38], "content_span": [39, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067118-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 in Norwegian football, Promoted to first division\nAIK Lund, Asker, Brumunddal, Bryne, Braatt, Eik,Falk, Gj\u00f8vik SK, Jordal, Kjels\u00e5s, Kopervik, Lillestr\u00f8m,Mysen, Os, Rosenborg, Skotfoss, Stag, Stj\u00f8rdaland Tistedalen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 54], "content_span": [55, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067119-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 in Norwegian music\nThe following is a list of notable events and releases of the year 1949 in Norwegian music.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067121-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 in Poland\nThe following lists events that happened during 1949 in Poland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 78]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067124-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 in South Africa\nThe following lists events that happened during 1949 in South Africa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 90]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067128-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 in Taiwan\nEvents in the year 1949 in Taiwan, Republic of China.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 68]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067129-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 in Thailand\nThe year 1949 was the 168th year of the Rattanakosin Kingdom of Thailand. It was the fourth year in the reign of King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX), and is reckoned as year 2492 in the Buddhist Era.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067131-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 in Wales\nThis article is about the particular significance of the year 1949 to Wales and its people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067136-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 in association football\nThe following are the football (soccer) events of the year 1949 throughout the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067138-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 in baseball\nThe following are the baseball events of the year 1949  throughout the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067139-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 in comics\nNotable events of 1949 in comics. See also List of years in comics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 82]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067139-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 in comics, Events and publications\nPublishers Star Publications, Toby Press, and Youthful make their debuts; conversely, Columbia Comics, Novelty Press, and Street & Smith Comics all fold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 39], "content_span": [40, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067140-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 in country music\nThis is a list of notable events in country music that took place in the year 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067141-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 in film, Top-grossing films (U.S.)\nThe top ten 1949 released films by box office gross in North America are as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 39], "content_span": [40, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067142-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 in fine arts of the Soviet Union\nThe year 1949 was marked by many events that left an imprint on the history of Soviet and Russian fine arts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067143-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 in jazz\nThis is a timeline documenting events of Jazz in the year 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 76]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067143-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 in jazz\nIn 1949 Bebop dominates the scene, but Dixieland is still being played. Miles Davis makes the first recordings with other artists of what will be known as Cool Jazz. The first LPs are issued, as are the first 45s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067144-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 in literature\nThis article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067145-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 in motorsport\nThe following is an overview of the events of 1949 in motorsport including the major racing events, motorsport venues that were opened and closed during a year, championships and non-championship events that were established and disestablished in a year, and births and deaths of racing drivers and other motorsport people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067145-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 in motorsport, Annual events\nThe calendar includes only annual major non-championship events or annual events that had own significance separate from the championship. For the dates of the championship events see related season articles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 33], "content_span": [34, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067146-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 in music\nThis is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067146-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 in music, US No. 1 hit singles\nThese singles reached the top of the US charts in 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 35], "content_span": [36, 91]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067146-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 in music, Biggest hit singles\nThe following songs achieved the highest in the limited set of charts available for 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 34], "content_span": [35, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067147-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 in paleontology\nPaleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067148-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 in poetry\nLinks to nations or nationalities point to articles with information on that nation's poetry or literature. For example, United Kingdom links to English poetry and Indian links to Indian poetry.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067148-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 in poetry, Works published in English\nListed by nation where the work was first published and again by the poet's native land, if different; substantially revised works listed separately:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 42], "content_span": [43, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067148-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 in poetry, Works published in other languages, India\nIn each section, listed in alphabetical order by first name:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 57], "content_span": [58, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067148-0003-0000", "contents": "1949 in poetry, Works published in other languages, Other languages\nListed by nation where the work was first published and again by the poet's native land, if different; substantially revised works listed separately:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 67], "content_span": [68, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067148-0004-0000", "contents": "1949 in poetry, Births\nDeath years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067148-0005-0000", "contents": "1949 in poetry, Deaths\nBirth years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067149-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 in professional wrestling\n1949 in professional wrestling describes the year's events in the world of professional wrestling.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067150-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 in radio\nThe year 1949 saw a number of significant events in radio broadcasting history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 93]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067151-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 in rail transport\nThis article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067152-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 in science\nThe year 1949 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067153-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 in sports\n1949 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 73]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067153-0001-0000", "contents": "1949 in sports, Association football\nOn 21 September 1949 at Goodison Park, Liverpool, the home of Everton, England were defeated 2-0 by Ireland in a friendly international.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067153-0002-0000", "contents": "1949 in sports, Cricket\nIn the course of playing a Ranji Trophy semi-final at Poona in March, Bombay and Maharashtra set the still-standing record for the highest match aggregate of runs scored in a first-class match \u2013 2,376 runs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 23], "content_span": [24, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067154-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 in television\nThe year 1949 in television involved some significant events. Below is a list of television-related events during 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067155-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 in the Belgian Congo\nThe following lists events that happened during 1949 in the Belgian Congo.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067156-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 in the Soviet Union\nThe following lists events that happened during 1949 in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067159-0000-0000", "contents": "1949 \u00darvalsdeild, Overview\nIt was contested by 5 teams, and KR won the championship. KR's \u00d3lafur Hannesson and H\u00f6r\u00f0ur \u00d3skarsson, as well as Fram's Gu\u00f0mundur J\u00f3nsson, were the joint top scorers with 4 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 26], "content_span": [27, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067160-0000-0000", "contents": "1949/1950 News of the World Snooker Tournament\nThe 1949/1950 News of the World Snooker Tournament was a professional snooker tournament sponsored by the News of the World. The tournament was won by Joe Davis with Sidney Smith finishing in second place. It was the first News of the World Tournament, a tournament that ran until 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067160-0001-0000", "contents": "1949/1950 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Format\nThe 1949/1950 event was a round-robin snooker tournament and was played from 10 October 1949 to 21 January 1950. All matches were played at Leicester Square Hall in London. There were 8 competitors and a total of 28 matches. The competitors were Joe Davis, Walter Donaldson, George Chenier, Horace Lindrum, Sidney Smith, Peter Mans and Albert Brown. Each match lasted three days and was the best of 37 frames. There was a qualifying competition prior to the main event. This involved 4 players in a round-robin tournament with the winner, Albert Brown, advancing to the main event. 1949 World Snooker Champion Fred Davis did not enter as he objected to the matches being over only three days rather than the normal six.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 54], "content_span": [55, 774]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067160-0002-0000", "contents": "1949/1950 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Format\nEach player was given a handicap at the start of the tournament. The handicaps were: Davis: -7, Donaldson: 0, Chenier, Lindrum and Smith: 13, Pulman: 14, Mans: 16 and Brown: 19. The player with the higher handicap received a start in each frame, being the difference between the two handicaps. Thus Brown received a 3-point start in his match against Mans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 54], "content_span": [55, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067160-0003-0000", "contents": "1949/1950 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Results\nThe two top-seeded players met in the first match. Joe Davis beat Walter Donaldson, won a tough match; taking a winning 19\u201316 lead in the final session. In the second match Albert Brown, receiving a 26-point start each frame, led Joe Davis 18\u20136 after two days and won comfortably.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 55], "content_span": [56, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067160-0004-0000", "contents": "1949/1950 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Results\nGoing into his last match Albert Brown seemed the likely winner of the tournament. He and Joe Davis had won 5 matches out of 6 but Brown had an 8 frame lead. This meant that if Brown won his last match 19\u201318, Davis would need to win his last match 28\u20139 to win the event. However Brown lost his last match, against Horace Lindrum, which meant that Davis only needed to win his match against George Chenier to win the tournament. In the next match Sidney Smith won 26\u201311, overtaking Brown in the standings and meaning that Smith would win the tournament if Davis lost. Davis took a 19\u20134 lead against Chenier to guarantee the \u00a3500 first prize with Smith in second place and Brown third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 55], "content_span": [56, 739]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067160-0005-0000", "contents": "1949/1950 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Results\nJoe Davis scored the first century of the tournament on 8 November in his match against John Pulman. Pulman potted a red before Davis cleared the table with a break of 130. Davis scored a break of exactly 100 against Sidney Smith on 3 January. George Chenier scored a break of 107 on 19 January in his match against Davis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 55], "content_span": [56, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067160-0006-0000", "contents": "1949/1950 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Results\nThe positions were determined firstly by the number of matches won (MW) and, in the event of a tie, the number of frames won (FW). Albert Brown won an additional \u00a350 for winning the qualifying competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 55], "content_span": [56, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067160-0007-0000", "contents": "1949/1950 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Qualifying\nThe qualifying tournament was played from 19 September to 8 October 1949. These matches were also played at Leicester Square Hall in London. As in the main event, each match lasted three days and was the best of 37 frames. Albert Brown and Alec Brown each won their first two matches which meant that the final match, between the two, would decide the winner. Albert Brown won a close match 20\u201317. Alec had led 13\u201311 at the start of the final day. Conrad Stanbury conceded his match against John Barrie because of illness. Barrie was leading 8\u20134 at the time. Barrie played a two-day exhibition match against Peter Mans instead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 58], "content_span": [59, 686]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067161-0000-0000", "contents": "1949/50 NTFL season\nThe 1949/50 NTFL season was the 29th season of the Northern Territory Football League (NTFL).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067161-0001-0000", "contents": "1949/50 NTFL season\nBuffaloes have won their 10th premiership title while defeating the Wanderers in the grand final by 54 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067162-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u20131950 Massachusetts legislature\nThe 156th Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1949 and 1950 during the governorship of Paul A. Dever. Chester A. Dolan Jr. and Harris S. Richardson served as presidents of the Senate. Thomas P. O'Neill served as speaker of the House.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067162-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u20131950 Massachusetts legislature\nIn 1949, after 90 years of Republican control of the House, Democrats gained a majority. In 1950, the General Court passed a bill prohibiting racial discrimination or segregation in housing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067163-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u20131956 Palestinian exodus\nThe 1949\u20131956 Palestinian exodus was the continuation of the 1948 exodus of Palestinian Arabs from Israeli-controlled territory after the signing of the ceasefire agreements. This period of the exodus was characterised predominantly by forced expulsion during the consolidation of the state of Israel and ever increasing tension along the ceasefire lines ultimately leading to the 1956 Suez Crisis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067163-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u20131956 Palestinian exodus\nBetween 1949 and 1950, according to historian Benny Morris, Israel had displaced and expelled between 30,000 and 40,000 Palestinians and Bedouin. Many villages along the ceasefire lines and the Lebanon border area were also leveled, many emptied villages were resettled by new Jewish immigrants and demobilized Israeli military forces.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067163-0002-0000", "contents": "1949\u20131956 Palestinian exodus\nIsrael argued this was motivated by security considerations linked with the situation at the borders. During the consolidation period, Israel was more intent on gaining control of the demilitarized zones on the Syrian, Jordanian and Egyptian fronts than on her image abroad.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067163-0003-0000", "contents": "1949\u20131956 Palestinian exodus, Background\nArab League's Secretary-General Azzam Pasha, according to an interview in an 11 October 1947 article of Akhbar al-Yom, said:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 40], "content_span": [41, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067163-0004-0000", "contents": "1949\u20131956 Palestinian exodus, Background\n\"I personally wish that the Jews do not drive us to this war, as this will be a war of extermination and a momentous massacre which will be spoken of like the Mongolian massacres and the Crusades\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 40], "content_span": [41, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067163-0005-0000", "contents": "1949\u20131956 Palestinian exodus, Background\nA week before the armies marched, Azzam Pasha said to British diplomat Alec Kirkbride:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 40], "content_span": [41, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067163-0006-0000", "contents": "1949\u20131956 Palestinian exodus, Background\n\"It does not matter how many there are. We will sweep them into the sea.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 40], "content_span": [41, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067163-0007-0000", "contents": "1949\u20131956 Palestinian exodus, Background\nOn 30 May 1948, Yosef Weitz, head of the Settlement Department of the Jewish National Fund (JNF) recorded in his diary:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 40], "content_span": [41, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067163-0008-0000", "contents": "1949\u20131956 Palestinian exodus, Background\n\"We have begun the operation of cleansing, removing the rubble and preparing the villages for cultivation and settlement. Some of these will become parks\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 40], "content_span": [41, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067163-0009-0000", "contents": "1949\u20131956 Palestinian exodus, Background\nImmediately after the 1948 Arab\u2013Israeli War, Israel started on a process of nation building with the first general elections held on 25 January 1949. Chaim Weizmann was installed as Israel's first President and Ben-Gurion as head of the Mapai party attained the position he had held in the Provisional government of Israel that of Prime minister of Israel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 40], "content_span": [41, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067163-0009-0001", "contents": "1949\u20131956 Palestinian exodus, Background\nBen-Gurion emphatically rejected the return of refugees in the Israeli Cabinet decision of June 1948 reiterated in a letter to the UN of 2 August 1949 containing the Text of a statement made by Moshe Sharett on 1 August 1948 where the basic attitude of the Israeli Government was that a solution must be sought, not through the return of the refugees to Israel, but through the resettlement of the Palestinian Arab refugee population in other states.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 40], "content_span": [41, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067163-0010-0000", "contents": "1949\u20131956 Palestinian exodus, Background\nThe Israeli government was of the view that the armistice agreements gave them 3 indisputable rights:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 40], "content_span": [41, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067163-0011-0000", "contents": "1949\u20131956 Palestinian exodus, Background\nThe Arab nations conversely also saw the General Armistice Agreements as conferring 3 rights:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 40], "content_span": [41, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067163-0012-0000", "contents": "1949\u20131956 Palestinian exodus, Background, Security\nIsraeli security was thought of on two levels general security and daily security. The general security covered the threat of invasion while daily security was to secure Israeli territory from infiltration. This was achieved by three processes. The transfer of Israeli Arabs away from the ceasefire lines to urban areas of concentration such as Jaffa and Haifa; the resettlement of the areas cleared, mainly by mizrahim (oriental Jews) in moshavim along the ceasefire lines; and operating a free fire policy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 50], "content_span": [51, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067163-0013-0000", "contents": "1949\u20131956 Palestinian exodus, Background, Security\nOnce the fighting phase of the 1948 Arab-Israeli war had ceased with a truce, the Israeli bureaucracy was faced with the overwhelming task of ruling effectively over dozens of severely disrupted Israeli Arab villages and towns, where thousands of displaced Palestinians had taken refuge. Since the Israeli state did not trust its Israeli Arab citizens seeing them as a potential 5th Column, it placed this entire population under a tight military regime supervised by the Central Committee for Arab Affairs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 50], "content_span": [51, 558]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067163-0013-0001", "contents": "1949\u20131956 Palestinian exodus, Background, Security\nEstablished in 1954, the committee had representatives from the police and the domestic intelligence agency, Shabak, as well as the prime minister\u2019s consultant for Arab affairs and the commander-in-chief of military rule. In concert, the committee presided over three regional sub-committees (south, center and north), which dealt with the daily business of governance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 50], "content_span": [51, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067163-0014-0000", "contents": "1949\u20131956 Palestinian exodus, Background, Security\nThe Registration of Residents ordinance of 1949 left those unregistered Palestinian Arabs without legal status and vulnerable to deportation. The abandoned Property law of 1950; where the moveable and immovable property belonging to the refugees was effectively appropriated by the state of Israel applied not just to Palestinian refugees who had left Israeli territory but also to Palestinian Arabs who had remained in Israel but who had left their ordinary place of residence. One quarter of the Arab citizens of Israel are \"internal refugees,\" who until 1948 resided in villages that were destroyed in the war.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 50], "content_span": [51, 664]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067163-0015-0000", "contents": "1949\u20131956 Palestinian exodus, Background, Security, Infiltration\nThe estimates for 1949 to 1956 was that 90% of all infiltration was motivated by social and economic concerns. It was naturally difficult to prevent refugees who were living on a bare subsistence level, from crossing lines beyond which they hope to find fodder for their hungry sheep, or for scarce fuel. Additionally there occurred occasional nightly clandestine smuggling between Gaza and Hebron. The smuggling was largely motivated by the great discrepancy of prices prevailing in the two areas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 64], "content_span": [65, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067163-0015-0001", "contents": "1949\u20131956 Palestinian exodus, Background, Security, Infiltration\nMost of these complaints in 1950 concerned the shooting by Israelis of refugee civilians and livestock, said to have illegally crossed the demarcation lines. In the most serious case of this kind, Egypt complained that Israeli military Forces, on the 7 and 14 October 1950, had shelled and machine-gunned the Arab villages of Abassan and Beit Hanoun in Egyptian controlled territory of the Gaza strip. This action caused the death of seven and the wounding of twenty civilians. Israel on the other hand complained of infiltration incidents which had resulted in the death of four Israeli settlers and the wounding of twenty others.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 64], "content_span": [65, 696]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067163-0016-0000", "contents": "1949\u20131956 Palestinian exodus, Background, Security, Infiltration\nThe pejorative term infiltrator was also applied to refugee non-residents who had not left Israel as in the case in Nazareth. On the 21 November 1949 the Arab member of the Knesset Mr. Amin Jarjura (Mapai) asked in the Knesset permission for the refugees (6,000) of Nazareth to be allowed to return to their surrounding villages; at the same time the IDF were conducting a sweep through the city of Nazareth rounding up non-residents who the Palestine Post then termed infiltrators.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 64], "content_span": [65, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067163-0017-0000", "contents": "1949\u20131956 Palestinian exodus, Background, Security, Arab countries anti-infiltration policies\nThe Israeli Government position was that the Arab countries were aiding and abetting the infiltrators in an extension of the Arab Israeli conflict by using the infiltrators as guerillas. This has been described as inaccurate by some historians.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 93], "content_span": [94, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067163-0018-0000", "contents": "1949\u20131956 Palestinian exodus, Background, Security, Arab countries anti-infiltration policies\nThe problem of establishing and guarding the demarcation line separating the Gaza Strip from the Israeli-held Negev area, proved a vexing one: largely due to the presence of more than 200,000 Palestinian Arab refugees in this Gaza area. The terms of the Armistice Agreement restricted Egypt\u2019s use and deployment of regular armed forces in the Gaza strip. In keeping with this restriction the Egyptian Government\u2019s answer was to form a Palestinian para-military police force. The Palestinian Border police was created in December 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 93], "content_span": [94, 628]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067163-0018-0001", "contents": "1949\u20131956 Palestinian exodus, Background, Security, Arab countries anti-infiltration policies\nThe Border police were placed under the command of \u2018Abd-al-Man\u2019imi \u2018Abd-al-Ra\u2019uf, a former Egyptian air brigade commander, member of the Muslim Brotherhood and member of the Revolutionary Council. 250 Palestinian volunteers started training in March 1953 with further volunteers coming forward for training in May and December 1953. Part of the Border police personnel were attached to the Military Governor\u2019s office and placed under \u2018Abd-al-\u2018Azim al-Saharti to guard public installations in the Gaza strip.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 93], "content_span": [94, 601]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067163-0019-0000", "contents": "1949\u20131956 Palestinian exodus, Background, Security, Arab countries anti-infiltration policies\nOn the Egyptian ceasefire line and DMZ to try to avoid future incidents caused by infiltration the Mixed Armistice Commission finally decided that a system of mixed border patrols comprising officers and enlisted men from each side would decrease tension and lessen infiltration. Initially, the mixed patrols along the Egyptian demarcation line worked satisfactorily. The Egyptian Authorities maintained a policy of \"incarcerating\" the inhabitants of the Gaza strip until 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 93], "content_span": [94, 571]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067163-0020-0000", "contents": "1949\u20131956 Palestinian exodus, Background, Security, Free fire policy\nA free fire policy was adopted by the IDF. The policy included patrols, ambushes, laying mines, setting booby traps and carrying out periodic search operations in Israeli Arab villages. The \"free fire\" policy in the period of 1949 to 1956 has been estimated to account for 2,700 to 5,000 Palestinian Arab deaths. During anti-infiltration operations the Israeli forces sometimes committed atrocities with reports of gang rape, murder and the dumping of 120 suspected infiltrators in the Avara desert without water.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 68], "content_span": [69, 582]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067163-0021-0000", "contents": "1949\u20131956 Palestinian exodus, Background, Security, Free fire policy\nAdditionally the IDF carried out operations, mainly, in Jordanian held territory and Egyptian held territory. The early reprisal raids failed to achieve their objectives and managed to increase hatred for Israel amongst the Arab countries and the refugees. The disruptive and destabilizing nature of the raids put the western plans for the defence of the Middle East in jeopardy, the western powers then applied pressure on Israeli to desist.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 68], "content_span": [69, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067163-0022-0000", "contents": "1949\u20131956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession\nFrom November 1948 through to the summer of 1949 and the signing of the General Armistice Agreements a further 87 villages were occupied; 36 being emptied by force.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 70], "content_span": [71, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067163-0023-0000", "contents": "1949\u20131956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession\nFrom the statistics taken from the official records of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan/Israel Mixed Armistice Commission for the period of June 1949 through December 1952 it is found that Jordan complained of 37 instances of expulsion of Arabs from Israel. For the period 1 January 1953 through to 15 October 1953 it is found that Jordan complained of 7 instances of expulsion of Arabs from Israel involving 41 people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 70], "content_span": [71, 489]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067163-0024-0000", "contents": "1949\u20131956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession, Galilee\nDuring Operation Hiram in the upper Galilee, Israeli military commanders received the order: 'Do all you can to immediately and quickly purge the conquered territories of all hostile elements in accordance with the orders issued. The residents should be helped to leave the areas that have been conquered'. (31 October 1948, Moshe Carmel) The UN's acting Mediator, Ralph Bunche, reported that United Nations Observers had recorded extensive looting of villages in Galilee by Israeli forces, which carried away goats, sheep and mules.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 79], "content_span": [80, 613]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067163-0024-0001", "contents": "1949\u20131956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession, Galilee\nThis looting, United Nations Observers report, appeared to have been as systematic as army trucks were used for transportation. The situation, states the report, created a new influx of refugees into Lebanon. Israeli forces, he stated, have occupied the area in Galilee formerly occupied by Kaukji's forces, and have crossed the Lebanese frontier. Bunche goes on to say \"that Israeli forces now hold positions inside the south-east corner of Lebanon, involving some fifteen Lebanese villages which are occupied by small Israeli detachments\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 79], "content_span": [80, 621]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067163-0025-0000", "contents": "1949\u20131956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession, Galilee\nAn example of the use to which \"rumours\" were put is given where Glazer comments on the use of psychological warfare against civilians and quotes Nafez Nazzal's description of the Galilee exodus:-", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 79], "content_span": [80, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067163-0026-0000", "contents": "1949\u20131956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession, Galilee\nThe villages of Ghuweir Abu Shusha were persuaded by neighbouring Jewish Mukhtars to leave to Syria... The villagers heard how ruthless and cruel the Jews were to the people of Deir Yassin and the nearby village of Nasr ed Din. They [the villagers] were not prepared to withstand the Jewish attack and decided to accept their neighbours advice and leave.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 79], "content_span": [80, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067163-0027-0000", "contents": "1949\u20131956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession, Galilee\nThe method of planting false atrocity stories to engineer an exodus is borne out by Yigal Allon's Palmach plans to force the exodus of the Palestinian Arabs of Galilee:-", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 79], "content_span": [80, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067163-0028-0000", "contents": "1949\u20131956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession, Galilee\nThe long battle had weaken our forces and before us stood great duties of blocking the routes of invasion. We therefore looked for means which did not force us into employing force, in order to cause the tens of thousands of sulky Arab who remained in the Galilee to flee, for in case of an Arab invasion they were likely to strike us in the rear.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 79], "content_span": [80, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067163-0028-0001", "contents": "1949\u20131956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession, Galilee\nI gathered all the Jewish Mukhtars who had contact with Arabs in different villages, and asked to whisper in the ear of some Arabs that great Jewish reinforcements had arrived in Galilee and that it is going to burn all the villages of the Huleh. They should suggest to those Arabs, as a friend, to escape while there is still time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 79], "content_span": [80, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067163-0029-0000", "contents": "1949\u20131956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession, Galilee\nThe villages of al Mansura, Tarbikah, Iqrit and Kafr Bir'im in Galilee were entered by IDF forces during late October early November, 1948 after Operation Hiram. The villages being located in an area, 5\u00a0km deep parallel to the Israel Lebanon border, were to be evacuated of their Palestinian Arab population. The Israeli forces wanted, for security reasons, the villages populated primarily by Jews. On 13 November 1948 the inhabitants of Kafr Bir'im were requested to evacuated by the IDF \"temporarily\" in expectation of an Arab counter-attack.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 79], "content_span": [80, 625]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067163-0029-0001", "contents": "1949\u20131956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession, Galilee\nEmmanuel Friedman an intelligence officer of the 7th Brigade explained the evacuation orders to the villagers, the order having been issued by Bechor Sheetrit. The villagers of Kafr Bir'im initially sought protection in a nearby cave. The then Minister of Police Bechor Sheetrit on seeing the elderly, women and children living in the cave suggested that the villagers move to the town of Jish, where there were 400 abandoned houses, further south \"until the military operations are over\". Approximately 700 of the Kafr Bir'em villagers found accommodation within Israel, the remaining 250 were encouraged to cross into Lebanon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 79], "content_span": [80, 708]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067163-0029-0002", "contents": "1949\u20131956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession, Galilee\nArchbishop Elias Chacour originally a resident of Iqrit relates in his autobiography how IDF in the spring of 1949 rounded up all the men and older boys in the village (including his own father and three eldest brothers), and trucked them to the border with Jordan. There they were let out and ordered to go to Jordan. The soldiers opened fire, aiming just above their heads, meaning to drive them from their homeland for good. However, Chacour's father and brothers managed to make it back three months later. The operation to achieve a Palestinian Arab free Israel/Lebanon border zone came to an end on 15 16 November leaving Fassuta (Christians), Jish (Maronites), Rihaniya (Circassians), Mi'ilya (Christians) and Jurdiye (Muslims) within the 5\u20137\u00a0km zone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 79], "content_span": [80, 838]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067163-0030-0000", "contents": "1949\u20131956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession, Galilee\nThe first legal action against the state of Israel was brought in 1951 by 5 men of Iqrit with Muhammad Nimr al-Hawari acting as their lawyer. On 31 July 1951 the Israeli courts recognised the rights of the villagers to their land and their right to return to it. The court said the land was not abandoned and therefore could not be placed under the custodian of enemy property.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 79], "content_span": [80, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067163-0031-0000", "contents": "1949\u20131956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession, Galilee\nIn 1953 the (by now former) inhabitants of Kafr Bir'im pleaded to the Supreme Court of Israel to allow them to return to their village. Early in September 1953 the Supreme Court decided that the authorities had to answer to why the inhabitants were not allowed to return home. The result was devastating: on 16 September 1953 the Israeli air force and army in a joint operation bombed the village until it was completely destroyed. At the same time it was announced that 1,170 hectares of land belonging to the village had been expropriated by the state. (Ref. given by Sabri Jiryis: \"Kouetz 307 (27. Aug. 1953): 1419\")", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 79], "content_span": [80, 699]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067163-0032-0000", "contents": "1949\u20131956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession, Galilee\nOn 16 January 1949, an attempt to move the remaining Palestinian Arab inhabitants of Tarshiha to the neighbouring towns of Mi'ilya and Majd al Kurum was prevented by UN and Christian clerical intercession. Pressure from Kibbutz and the Military in the Galilee panhandle mounted to remove the Palestinian inhabitants of the area. On 5/6 June the inhabitants of Khisas and Qeitiya were forced into trucks and dumped near 'Akbara just south Safad.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 79], "content_span": [80, 524]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067163-0033-0000", "contents": "1949\u20131956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession, Wadi Ara\nIn March 1949, as the Iraqi forces withdrew from Palestine and handed over their positions to the smaller Jordanian legion, three Israeli brigades manoeuvred into threatening positions in Operation Shin-Tav-Shin in a form of coercive diplomacy. The operation allowed Israel to renegotiate the ceasefire line in the Wadi Ara area of the Northern West Bank in a secret agreement reached on 23 March 1949 and incorporated into the General Armistice Agreement. The Green Line was then redrawn in blue ink on the southern map to give the impression that a movement in the Green line had been made.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 80], "content_span": [81, 673]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067163-0033-0001", "contents": "1949\u20131956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession, Wadi Ara\nHowever, this replacement involved a considerable change of the lines, a change which could not be carried out without inflicting serious hardships upon the population and the affected areas. It was inevitable that thousands of people, in the course of this redrawing of demarcation lines, were cut off from the fields that were their livelihood, cut off from their only resources of water and from the meager pastures on which they used to graze their cattle. It has been estimated that 15 villages were ceded to Israel and a further 15,000 Palestinian Arabs became refugees.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 80], "content_span": [81, 657]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067163-0034-0000", "contents": "1949\u20131956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession, Wadi Ara\nDuring the Lausanne Peace Conference The US consul, William Burdett, reported on a meeting of the Jordan/Israel Armistice Commission which dealt with a case where 1,000 (UN estimates 1,500) Palestinian Arab inhabitants of Baqa al-Gharbiyye had been expelled and forced across the ceasefire line. The Mixed Armistice Commission decided, by majority vote, that Israel had violated the General Armistice Agreement by driving the civilians across the demarcation line into the territory of the Hashemite Jordan Kingdom.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 80], "content_span": [81, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067163-0035-0000", "contents": "1949\u20131956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession, Wadi Ara\nIn January/February 1949 approximately 700 people from Kfar Yassif were expelled across the Jordanian/Israeli ceasefire line as they had moved into Kfar Yassif from the surrounding villages during the period of fighting in 1948.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 80], "content_span": [81, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067163-0036-0000", "contents": "1949\u20131956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession, Majdal\nOn 17 August 1950 the remaining Palestinian Arab population of Majdal were served with an expulsion order (The Palestinians had been held in a confined area since 1948) and the first group of them were taken on trucks to the Gaza Strip. Majdal was then renamed Ashkelon by the Israelis in an ongoing process of de-Arabisation of the topography as described by Meron Benvenisti. Egypt accepted the expelled civilian Palestinian Arabs from Majdal on humanitarian grounds as they would otherwise have been exposed to \"torture and death\". That however did not mean their voluntary movement. Furthermore, testimony of the expelled Arabs and reports of the Mixed Armistice Commission clearly showed that the refugees had been forcibly expelled.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 78], "content_span": [79, 817]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067163-0037-0000", "contents": "1949\u20131956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession, Majdal\nIlan Papp\u00e9 reports that the last gun-point expulsion occurred in 1953 where the residents of Umm al-Faraj were driven out and the village destroyed by the IDF. \"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 78], "content_span": [79, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067163-0038-0000", "contents": "1949\u20131956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession, Wadi Fukin\nThe expulsion at Wadi Fukin led to a change in the Green line where an exchange of fertile land in the Bethlehem area to Israeli control and the village of Wadi Fukin being given to Jordanian control. On 15 July when the Israeli Army expelled the population of Wadi Fukin after the village had been transferred to the Israeli-occupied area under the terms of the Armistice Agreement concluded between Israel and the Jordan Kingdom.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 82], "content_span": [83, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067163-0038-0001", "contents": "1949\u20131956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession, Wadi Fukin\nThe Mixed Armistice Commission decided on 31 August, by a majority vote, that Israel had violated the Armistice Agreement by expelling villagers of Wadi Fukin across the demarcation line and decided that the villagers should be allowed to return to their homes. However, when the villagers returned to Wadi Fukin under the supervision of the United Nations observers on 6 September, they found most of their houses destroyed and were again compelled by the Israeli Army to return to Jordanian controlled territory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 82], "content_span": [83, 597]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067163-0038-0002", "contents": "1949\u20131956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession, Wadi Fukin\nThe United Nations Chairman of the Mixed Commission, Colonel Garrison B. Coverdale (US), pressed for a solution of this issue to be found in the Mixed Armistice Commission, in an amicable and UN spirit. After some hesitation, an adjustment in the Green Line was accepted and finally an agreement was reached whereby the Armistice line was changed to give back Wadi Fukin to the Jordanian authority who, in turn, agreed to transfer some uninhabited, but fertile territory south of Bethlehem to the Israeli authority.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 82], "content_span": [83, 598]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067163-0039-0000", "contents": "1949\u20131956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession, Northern District\nIsraeli forces attacked Jalbun village, with small arms, on the 5 December 1949, they then expelled the inhabitants from their village causing fatal casualties amongst the villagers. The Jordanian government strongly protested against unwarranted Israeli action and call on UN secretary General to notify the security council to take prompt and strict measures to return expelled Palestinians to their village, to hand back their looted belongings, and to compensate the villagers for all losses and damages.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 89], "content_span": [90, 598]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067163-0040-0000", "contents": "1949\u20131956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession, Northern District\nIn the lake Huleh area, during 1951, Israel initiated a project to drain the marsh land to bring 15,000 acres (61\u00a0km2) into cultivation. The project caused a conflict of interests between the Palestinian Arab villages in the area, consequently 800 inhabitants of the villages were forcibly evacuated from the DMZ.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 89], "content_span": [90, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067163-0041-0000", "contents": "1949\u20131956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession, Northern District\nIn 1954 Israel \"evacuated\" the Palestinian villages of Baqqara and Ghannama in the central sector of the Israel/Syria demilitarized zone the Chief of Staff of the UNTSO made a report in January 1955 to the United Nations where it was decided that:-", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 89], "content_span": [90, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067163-0042-0000", "contents": "1949\u20131956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession, Northern District\n30 October 1956 When Israel attacked Egypt across the Sinai peninsula in co-ordination with an Anglo-French attack on Suez. The remainder of the Palestinians living in the DMZs were driven into Syria. The villages of Baqqara and Ghannama now lie as rubble and are empty.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 89], "content_span": [90, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067163-0043-0000", "contents": "1949\u20131956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession, Beersheba\nAccording to the Jordanian minister of foreign affairs at the time, on 7 November 1949, Israeli forces expelled two thousand men, women, children from Beersheba area into the Jordanian controlled sector. Before the Palestinian Arabs were expelled they were severely maltreated, their homes destroyed, their cattle, sheep, belongings looted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 81], "content_span": [82, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067163-0044-0000", "contents": "1949\u20131956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession, Negev\n20 August 1950 Israeli authorities expelled into Egyptian territory all the Bedouin living in the demilitarized zone of Auja al-Hafir in Palestine. United Nations observers found that thirteen Arabs, including women and children, had died during the exodus and bodies of several more had been found crushed by armoured vehicles. By 3 September, the number of expelled Arabs had reached 4,071. Most of them had lived in the Beersheba area of Palestine during the period of the British Mandate and was driven from their homes for the first time when the Israeli forces had occupied Beersheba. The Bedouin had gone to settle in Auja al-Hafir and had been living there for more than two years. The Bedouin made representation to return to el-Auja under United Nations protection.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 77], "content_span": [78, 853]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067163-0045-0000", "contents": "1949\u20131956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession, Negev, es-Sani are returned to Israel\nFrom the signing of the General Armistice Agreements in 1949, Jordan and Egypt had complained on many occasions that Israel had been reducing the Arab population of the Negeb by driving Bedouins and even Arab villagers across the ceasefire lines into the Egyptian Sinai and the Jordanian held West Bank. Israel had been condemned by the United Nations Truce Supervision Organisation (UNTSO) in some instances but had taken no steps to allow the return of the Arabs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 109], "content_span": [110, 575]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067163-0045-0001", "contents": "1949\u20131956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession, Negev, es-Sani are returned to Israel\nOn 17 September 1952, the senior Jordan Military Delegate to the Mixed Armistice Commission, Major Itzaq, inform the MAC that the Israelis had expelled ten families of the es-Sani tribe and that they were now situated inside the Jordan border south of Hebron. On 22 September Commander Hutchison USNR of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan/Israel Mixed Armistice Commission (HKJMAC) went into the area and counted over 100 families, nearly 1,000 members of the es-Sani tribe.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 109], "content_span": [110, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067163-0045-0002", "contents": "1949\u20131956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession, Negev, es-Sani are returned to Israel\nSheikh El Hajj Ibrahim informed the MAC that the es-Sani had been forced off their cultivated lands southeast of Beersheba, at El Sharia, to El Laqiya, north-east of Beersheba. On the new area at El Laqiya, for the next three years the es-Sani had made it productive to the extent that Israel then declared a quantity of their grain as surplus crop and demanded that it be sold to the Israeli government at a fixed price.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 109], "content_span": [110, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067163-0045-0003", "contents": "1949\u20131956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession, Negev, es-Sani are returned to Israel\nThe Military Governor of Beersheba, Lt. Colonel Hermann, informed Sheikh El Hajj Ibrahim that Israel was going to establish a settlement at El Laqiya and that his tribe would have to move to Tel Arad. Sheikh El Hajj Ibrahim had then led the es-Sani over the Jordan/Israel ceasefire land rather that move to the inferior land around Tel Arad.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 109], "content_span": [110, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067163-0046-0000", "contents": "1949\u20131956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession, Negev, es-Sani are returned to Israel\nThe Sheikh's story of the court action was true. On 28 September 1952, under the heading, * 'Bedouin Tribe Moved/' the Israel press announced that \"Tribesmen of the Kiderat El Sana Teljaha tribe were last week moved from their former homes at El Laqiya, east of the Beersheba-Hebron road, to a new site at Tel Arad. ... On 15 September, the High Court in Jerusalem issued an order 'nisi* against the Military Governor and the Ministry of Defence against the enforced move of the tribe.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 109], "content_span": [110, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067163-0047-0000", "contents": "1949\u20131956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession, Negev, es-Sani are returned to Israel\nAfter negotiations lasting days it was arranged for the es-Sani to return to Israel; although the Israelis wanted the es-Sani transported inside Jordan to a point opposite and closer to Tel Arad which the Jordanians refused to do this and it was finally settled that the transfer would be made at the original point of crossing, on the Hebron-Beersheba road.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 109], "content_span": [110, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067163-0048-0000", "contents": "1949\u20131956 Palestinian exodus, Encouraged Exodus\nThe Jewish National Fund under Yosef Weitz actively encouraged Palestinian Arab emigration. In the village of Ar'ara 2,500 dunums (625 acres) were purchased. The purchase price was paid in Jordanian currency and the Palestinian Arabs were then transported to the ceasefire line with their luggage and from there transported to Tulkarem.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 47], "content_span": [48, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067163-0049-0000", "contents": "1949\u20131956 Palestinian exodus, Encouraged Exodus, Israeli internal displacement\nIn 1953, the villages of Raml Zayta who had been transported from near the city Hadera in April 1949 were again transferred when a Kibbutz moved to Zayta and took over the Israeli Arab village land.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 78], "content_span": [79, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067164-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 1re s\u00e9rie season\nThe 1949\u201350 1re s\u00e9rie season was the 29th season of the 1re s\u00e9rie, the top level of ice hockey in France. Five teams participated in the league, and Racing Club de France won their first championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067165-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 A.C. Milan season\nDuring the 1949-50 season Associazione Calcio Milan competed in Serie A.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067165-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 A.C. Milan season, Summary\nFor the 1949-50 campaign arrived to the club, thanks to the management talent of President Umberto Trabattoni, in  1948 Olympic Games Swedish players Nils Liedholm  and Gunnar Gren, they were added to the squad along with striker Gunnar Nordahl, actually in Milano since January 1949: a \u201ctrio\u201d known as Gre-No-Li. Another transfer in was goalkeeper Lorenzo Buffon. Also, in this season Milan played at Arena Civica meanwhile in San Siro the team played the matches where higher attendances were expected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 34], "content_span": [35, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067165-0002-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 A.C. Milan season, Summary\nThis season was best remembered for fans as crucial to the modern Milan era winning titles in years for coming after forty years without a trophy. The squad changed its playing style with a more offensive strategy with spectacular matches instead of physical and defensive tactic. The change of strategy attracted more fans to the stadium and attendances will improve in the next decades.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 34], "content_span": [35, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067165-0003-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 A.C. Milan season, Summary\nDuring 1949-50 Serie A campaign, first season after the Superga disaster, the squad reached the goal scoring record for a single season: 118 goals scored. On 7 February 1950, Milan defeated Juventus 7\u20131 in Torino, also the first TV broadcasting of a Serie A match. Hungarian coach Lajos Czeizler took the club to the second place five points behind champion Juventus. Swedish striker Nordahl won his first topgoalscorer title \u201ccapocannoniere\u201d with 35 goals scored.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 34], "content_span": [35, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067165-0004-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 A.C. Milan season, Summary\nDuring 1949 the club moved its headquarters from \"Telegrafo Calciomilano\" in Del Lauro 4 to Venezia 36.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 34], "content_span": [35, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067165-0005-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 A.C. Milan season, Squad\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 32], "content_span": [33, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067166-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 AHL season\nThe 1949\u201350 AHL season was the 14th season of the American Hockey League. Ten teams played 70 games each in the schedule. The Cleveland Barons won their seventh F. G. \"Teddy\" Oke Trophy as West Division champions. The Indianapolis Capitals and won their second Calder Cup as league champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067166-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 AHL season, Final standings\nNote: GP = Games played; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; GF = Goals for; GA = Goals against; Pts = Points;", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 35], "content_span": [36, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067166-0002-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 AHL season, Scoring leaders\nNote: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; PIM = Penalty minutes", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 35], "content_span": [36, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067167-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Aberdeen F.C. season\nThe 1949\u201350 season was Aberdeen's 38th season in the top flight of Scottish football and their 40th season overall. Aberdeen competed in the Scottish League Division One, Scottish League Cup, and the Scottish Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067168-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Al Ahly SC season\nThe 1949\u201350 season witnessed a historical superiority for Al Ahly by the golden fifties generation led by Saleh Selim and Toto and Ahmed Makkawi, winning all the local championships. Al Ahly won the Egyptian Premier League after strong competition with Tersana ended with the two teams tying in points. The league winner was decided by a play-off match; Al Ahly clinched the league the after defeating Tersana 2\u20131 in the play-off. Goals were scored by Toto and Fathi Khattab. Al Ahly also won the Cairo League, one point ahead of Tersana. In the Egypt Cup, Al Ahly Defeated Tersana in the final by a big score 6\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 640]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067168-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Al Ahly SC season, Competitions, Egyptian Premier League, League table\n(C)= Champions, Pld = Matches played; W = Matches won; D = Matches drawn; L = Matches lost; F = Goals for; A = Goals against; \u00b1 = Goal difference; Pts = Points Source: .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 78], "content_span": [79, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067168-0002-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Al Ahly SC season, Cairo Zone League\nCairo league champion was decided by results of Cairo teams in national league with no separate matches for Cairo league competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 44], "content_span": [45, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067169-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Allsvenskan, Overview\nThe league was contested by 12 teams, with Malm\u00f6 FF winning the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 29], "content_span": [30, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067170-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Allsvenskan (men's handball)\nThe 1949\u201350 Allsvenskan was the 16th season of the top division of Swedish handball. 10 teams competed in the league. IFK Kristianstad won the league, but the title of Swedish Champions was awarded to the winner of Svenska m\u00e4sterskapet. IFK Karlskrona and F 11 IF were relegated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067172-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Anderson Packers season\nThe 1949\u201350 NBA season was the only season for the Anderson Packers in the National Basketball Association (NBA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067172-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Anderson Packers season, Playoffs, Western Division Semifinals\n(2) Anderson Packers vs. (3) Tri-Cities Blackhawks: Packers win series 2-1", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 70], "content_span": [71, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067172-0002-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Anderson Packers season, Playoffs, Western Division Semifinals\nThis was the first playoff meeting between the Packers and Blackhawks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 70], "content_span": [71, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067172-0003-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Anderson Packers season, Playoffs, Western Division Finals\n(1) Indianapolis Olympians vs. (2) Anderson Packers: Packers win series 2-1", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 66], "content_span": [67, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067172-0004-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Anderson Packers season, Playoffs, Western Division Finals\nThis was the first playoff meeting between the Olympians and Packers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 66], "content_span": [67, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067172-0005-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Anderson Packers season, Playoffs, NBA Semifinals\n(1) Minneapolis Lakers vs. (2) Anderson Packers: Lakers win series 2-0", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 57], "content_span": [58, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067172-0006-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Anderson Packers season, Playoffs, NBA Semifinals\nThis was the first playoff meeting between the Lakers and Packers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 57], "content_span": [58, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067173-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Arsenal F.C. season\nThe 1949\u201350 season was Arsenal's 30th consecutive season in the top division of English football. They would finish sixth in the league but only four points off champions Portsmouth, with Peter Goring top scoring with 21 Division 1 goals, with Joe Mercer winning the FWA Player of the Year. That season, Arsenal would first have their new crest\u2014emblazoned with the motto \"Victoria Concordia Crescit\" (\"Victory Grows Through Harmony\")\u2014used on official club publications. In the FA Cup, Arsenal won the first four ties at Highbury before beating Chelsea after a replay to set up a final against Liverpool.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 631]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067173-0000-0001", "contents": "1949\u201350 Arsenal F.C. season\nThe Gunners would dominate the final and win 2\u20130 thanks to Reg Lewis' double, his fourth and fifth FA Cup goals that season, as Arsenal claimed the cup for the third time in their history\u2014having played every match in London. The club's biggest win in all competitions was 6\u20130 against Sunderland in the league; in all competitions, Reg Lewis scored the most goals, netting 24.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067173-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Arsenal F.C. season, Results, FA Cup\nArsenal entered the FA Cup in the third round, in which they were drawn to face Sheffield Wednesday.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 44], "content_span": [45, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067174-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Austrian football championship, Overview\nIt was contested by 13 teams, and FK Austria Wien won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 48], "content_span": [49, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067175-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Baltimore Bullets season\nThe 1949\u201350 Baltimore Bullets season was the first season of the Maryland club in the newly formed National Basketball Association. Coming from two successful seasons in the BAA, including a championship run, this time their 25-43 record would not be sufficient for them to reach the division playoffs. Another change from the previous year was president Robert \"Jake\" Embry's decision not to televise the Bullets' games. The club would change hands towards the end of the season, to a group of local businessmen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067176-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Belgian First Division, Overview\nIt was contested by 16 teams, and R.S.C. Anderlecht won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067177-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Birmingham City F.C. season\nThe 1949\u201350 Football League season was Birmingham City Football Club's 47th in the Football League and their 28th in the First Division. They were bottom of the 22-team division by the end of August, a position which they retained for all but three weeks of the season, so were relegated to the Second Division for 1950\u201351. They entered the 1949\u201350 FA Cup at the third round proper and lost in that round to Swansea Town.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067177-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Birmingham City F.C. season\nTwenty-nine players made at least one appearance in nationally organised competition, and there were nine different goalscorers. Goalkeeper Gil Merrick was ever-present in the 43-game season, and Jimmy Dailey was leading goalscorer with only nine goals, all scored in the league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067178-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Blackpool F.C. season\nThe 1949\u201350 season was Blackpool F.C. 's 42nd season (39th consecutive) in the Football League. They competed in the 22-team Division One, then the top tier of English football, finishing seventh.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067178-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Blackpool F.C. season\nStan Mortensen was the club's top scorer for the sixth consecutive season, with 25 goals (22 in the league and three in the FA Cup).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067179-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Boston Bruins season\nThe 1949\u201350 Boston Bruins season was the Bruins' 26th season in the NHL.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067180-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Boston Celtics season\nThe 1949\u201350 Boston Celtics season was the fourth season of the Boston Celtics in the National Basketball Association (NBA). This was the last time the Celtics both finished below .500, and missed the playoffs until the 1969\u201370 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067181-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Bradford City A.F.C. season\nThe 1949\u201350 Bradford City A.F.C. season was the 37th in the club's history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067181-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Bradford City A.F.C. season\nThe club finished 19th in Division Three North, and reached the 2nd round of the FA Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067182-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Bradley Braves men's basketball team\nThe 1949\u201350 Bradley Braves men's basketball team represented Bradley University in college basketball during the 1949\u201350 season. The team finished the season with a 32\u20135 record and were national runners-up to the City College of New York (CCNY) in both the 1950 NCAA Tournament and 1950 National Invitation Tournament. Early on in the NCAA Tournament's days, which began in 1939, teams were allowed to participate in both it and the NIT. The 1949\u201350 college basketball season is noteworthy in that it is the only year in which a team won both tournaments (CCNY), and the losing team of both championships happened to be Bradley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 673]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067183-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Brentford F.C. season\nDuring the 1949\u201350 English football season, Brentford competed in the Football League Second Division. In his first season as manager, Jackie Gibbons guided the club to a 9th-place finish, a marked improvement on near-relegations in the previous two seasons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067183-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Brentford F.C. season, Season summary\n1949\u201350 marked the first season since 1925\u201326 that Brentford would play a full season under the management of someone other than Harry Curtis, with former player Jackie Gibbons having taken over as manager in February 1949. A new-look squad toured Sweden under Gibbons in pre-season, with new forward signings Ken Coote, Jimmy Hill and Dennis Rampling in attendance. Joe Crozier, the team's near-ever-present goalkeeper since September 1937, elected to retire from full-time football and was replaced by his backup, Alf Jefferies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067183-0002-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Brentford F.C. season, Season summary\nBrentford had a mixed season in the Second Division, with just three victories in the opening 15 matches leaving the club out of contention for challenging for promotion. A turnaround in form elevated the Bees from 21st place on 5 November 1949, to a season-high 7th on 8 April 1950. Two losses, a win and a draw from the final four matches dropped the club a final position of 9th. Brentford finished the campaign having conceded only 12 league goals at Griffin Park, the best home record in each of the top two divisions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 569]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067184-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 British Home Championship\n1949\u201350 British Home Championship was one of the most significant competitions of the British Home Championship football tournament. This year saw the competition doubling up as Group 1 in the qualifying rounds for the 1950 FIFA World Cup. It was the first time that either England, Wales, Scotland or Ireland (IFA) had entered a World Cup competition. It was also a significant moment in the history of Irish football as it was the last time that the (Northern) Irish Football Association entered a team featuring players born in both Northern Ireland and what is now the Republic of Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 627]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067184-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 British Home Championship\nBoth England and Scotland began well, the Scots beating Ireland 8\u20132 at Windsor Park while England beat Wales 4\u20131 in Cardiff. Both teams continued their dominance in the second round of matches, Scotland beating Wales 2\u20130 whilst Ireland were again heavily defeated, this time losing 9\u20132 to England. In the final round of games Ireland and Wales gained some consolation points with a goalless draw while \u2212 England took first place by beating Scotland 1\u20130 in a hard-fought game in Glasgow.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067184-0002-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 British Home Championship, World Cup qualifying\nFIFA offered two places at the 1950 FIFA World Cup to the winners and runners up of the competition. However Scotland insisted they would only enter if they won the championship outright and even though they finished second, the Scottish FA declined the opportunity to enter a team in the World Cup finals for the first time. FIFA subsequently offered their place to both France, the runners-up in Group 3 and Ireland (FAI), the runners-up in Group 5. However both teams also declined the invitation. Despite winning the championship, England failed to impress at the World Cup. After defeating Chile 2\u20130 they then lost 1\u20130 to both the United States and Spain and failed to qualify for the second stage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 55], "content_span": [56, 759]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067184-0003-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 British Home Championship, Last all-Ireland team\nUntil 1950 there were, in effect, two Ireland teams, chosen by two rival associations. Both associations, the Belfast-based IFA and the Dublin-based FAI claimed jurisdiction over the whole of Ireland and selected players from the whole island. As a result, several notable Irish players from this era played for both teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 56], "content_span": [57, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067184-0004-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 British Home Championship, Last all-Ireland team\nThe game between the IFA XI and Wales at the Racecourse Ground, Wrexham on 8 March 1950 marked the end of an era in Irish football history. The result was irrelevant, as both teams had lost their previous games and had nothing to play for but pride. However, the 0\u20130 draw saw the IFA XI field an all-Ireland team for the last time. The team included four players - Tom Aherne, Reg Ryan, Davy Walsh and the captain, Con Martin - who were born in what is now the Republic of Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 56], "content_span": [57, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067184-0004-0001", "contents": "1949\u201350 British Home Championship, Last all-Ireland team\nSince this game was also a qualifier for the 1950 FIFA World Cup, the situation led to controversy. All four players had previously played for the FAI XI in their qualifiers. Both Martin and Walsh had even scored for the FAI XI. As a result, the four players actually played for two different associations in the same FIFA World Cup tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 56], "content_span": [57, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067184-0005-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 British Home Championship, Last all-Ireland team\nFIFA intervened, after complaints from the FAI, and subsequently restricted players' eligibility based on the political border. In 1953 FIFA ruled neither team could be referred to as Ireland, decreeing that the FAI team be officially designated as the Republic of Ireland, while the IFA team was to become Northern Ireland. The IFA objected and in 1954 were permitted to continue using the name Ireland in the British Home Championship. This practice was discontinued in the late 1970s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 56], "content_span": [57, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067185-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 British Ice Hockey season\nThe 1949\u201350 British Ice Hockey season featured the English National League and Scottish National League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067185-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 British Ice Hockey season, Scottish Cup, Results\n(*Match was 3-2 for Dundee, but the aggregate score was 7:7, so overtime was played to break the tie. After two scoreless 10 minute overtime periods, it was decided to call it a night. The semifinal series was then replayed.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 56], "content_span": [57, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067186-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Buffalo Bulls men's basketball team\nThe 1949\u201350 Buffalo Bulls men's basketball team represented the University of Buffalo during the 1949\u201350 NCAA college men's basketball season. The head coach was Malcolm S. Eiken, coaching his fourth season with the Bulls.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067187-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 CCNY Beavers men's basketball team\nThe 1949\u201350 CCNY Beavers men's basketball team represented the City College of New York. The head coach was Nat Holman, who was one of the game's greatest innovators and playmakers. Unlike today, when colleges recruit players from all over the country, the 1949\u201350 CCNY team was composed of \"kids from the sidewalks of New York City,\" who had been recruited by Holman's assistant coach Harold \"Bobby\" Sand from PSAL schools such as Taft, Clinton, Boys, Erasmus, and Franklin High Schools.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067187-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 CCNY Beavers men's basketball team, Background\nThe team\u2019s starting five was composed of two Black and three Jewish players. The team is the only team to win both the National Invitation Tournament and the NCAA Tournament in the same year, by defeating Bradley University in the championship game of each tournament. The 1950 City team was also the first NCAA champion to have black players in its starting lineup. The players on the team were Ed Warner, Norm Mager, Irwin Dambrot, Alvin \"Fats\" Roth, Ed Roman, Floyd Layne, Herb Cohen, Ron Nadell, Leroy Watkins, Joe Galiber, and Arthur Glass. Students at CCNY, dubbed the poor man's Harvard because of its lofty academic standards, lived and died with every game, raising arena roofs with their unique school cheer:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 54], "content_span": [55, 773]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067187-0002-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 CCNY Beavers men's basketball team, Background\n\"Allagaroo garoo gara,Allagaroo garoo gara,Ee-yah ee-yah,Sis boom bah,Team! Team! Team!\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 54], "content_span": [55, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067187-0003-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 CCNY Beavers men's basketball team, NIT tournament commentary\nCCNY had posted a 17-5 record during the regular season, but had failed to attract any support in the final AP Top 20. The team was made up mostly of sophomores and was the last squad selected to play in Madison Square Garden's famed NIT, which had a 12-team field and was at that time more prestigious than the NCAA tournament. People took notice when the Beavers thrashed defending champion San Francisco 65-46 in the opening round. CCNY then faced 3rd ranked and two-time defending NCAA champion Kentucky and their 7-foot center, Bill Spivey, in the second round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 69], "content_span": [70, 636]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067187-0003-0001", "contents": "1949\u201350 CCNY Beavers men's basketball team, NIT tournament commentary\nKentucky was a racially segregated school from the Southeastern Conference, and several Wildcats refused to shake hands with the black and Jewish CCNY players before the game. This incensed the CCNY players, who then proceeded to dismantle the Kentucky team in every aspect of the game. The final score was CCNY 89, Kentucky 50, which was the worst ever defeat for an Adolph Rupp coached team. This win was sweet revenge for the CCNY players, because Rupp was once quoted was as saying that he'd never coach a team with \"kikes\" and \"blacks.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 69], "content_span": [70, 611]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067187-0003-0002", "contents": "1949\u201350 CCNY Beavers men's basketball team, NIT tournament commentary\nAfter the game, the Kentucky state legislature called for the flag over the capitol to be flown at half-staff. The blowout win over Kentucky was even more impressive due to the fact that Kentucky had won the NCAA tournament in 1948, 1949, and would win the tournament again the following year in 1951. A Cinderella Team had now emerged in the tournament. City College then defeated Duquesne 62-52 in the semi-final round. In the title game, the Beavers squared off against top ranked Bradley, who had All-American Paul Unruh and the 5'8\" speedster, Gene \"Squeaky\" Melchiorre. CCNY came out on top 69-61 to win the tournament. Ed Warner of CCNY was awarded Most Valuable Player honors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 69], "content_span": [70, 754]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067187-0004-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 CCNY Beavers men's basketball team, NCAA tournament commentary\nThings were a lot different during the early years of the tournament than they are today. The 1950 NCAA tournament consisted of an Eastern Regional and a Western Regional, with four teams in each region for a total of 8 teams in the tournament. The term \"Final Four\" was a misnomer, because the runners-up in each region went to the championship game site to play a consolation game. It wasn't until 1952 that a true Final Four took place in the tournament, when the field had expanded to 16 teams in four brackets.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 70], "content_span": [71, 586]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067187-0004-0001", "contents": "1949\u201350 CCNY Beavers men's basketball team, NCAA tournament commentary\nFor many years the brackets were assembled strictly by conference champions, geography, and not according to won-lost record, strength of schedule, or Associated Press rank. Until around 1953, teams were invited to play in the NCAA tournament after the NIT tournament had crowned a champion. After CCNY's improbable run to the NIT title, the Beavers were immediately selected to participate in the NCAA tournament. In the first round, City College nipped second ranked Ohio State, 56-55. The Beavers then defeated fifth ranked North Carolina State 78-73 to reach the title game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 70], "content_span": [71, 649]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067187-0004-0002", "contents": "1949\u201350 CCNY Beavers men's basketball team, NCAA tournament commentary\nCCNY again faced top-ranked Bradley and won the tournament, 71-68, to score the only Grand Slam in the history of college basketball. Irwin Dambrot of CCNY was named the tournament's Most Outstanding Player, and Nat Holman appeared on The Ed Sullivan Show. CCNY's victory was voted the most exciting event in the history of college basketball at Madison Square Garden. None of the players on the City College team went on to fame after 1950. There was one player in the tournament, however, who went down in history as one of the greatest basketball players of all time \u2013 Bob Cousy of Holy Cross, who played in an opening round game. Cousy was remembered long after most of the CCNY players had been forgotten.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 70], "content_span": [71, 781]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067187-0005-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 CCNY Beavers men's basketball team, Follow-up commentary\nCCNY's double-win in 1950 was not without controversy. The players had taken money from gamblers in the point-shaving scandals during the 1948-1949 season and also during some regular-season games in the 1949-1950 season. No games were fixed during the post-season tournaments. Had the scandal come to light before the 1950 tournaments began, CCNY would not have been invited to participate and a different team would have won the championships. There was also a controversial play in the waning moments of the NCAA Championship game. Gene Melchiorre swiped a CCNY pass and raced downcourt for the potential go-ahead basket.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 64], "content_span": [65, 689]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067187-0005-0001", "contents": "1949\u201350 CCNY Beavers men's basketball team, Follow-up commentary\nIrwin Dambrot and the Bradley star collided under the basket. Dambrot came up with the ball, and threw a perfect pass to Norm Mager who made the layup to seal the victory. Many people though that Dambrot had fouled Melchiorre, but no call was made. Had Dambrot been called for a foul, Bradley could have won the game. The \"non-call\" became infamous throughout the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 64], "content_span": [65, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067187-0006-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 CCNY Beavers men's basketball team, Follow-up commentary\nThe championship game of each tournament was played within the friendly confines of Madison Square Garden. Shortly thereafter, the NCAA Committee ruled that no team could compete in both tournaments, so there cannot be another double champion. The Final Four of the NIT has remained at Madison Square Garden (or its successor building of the same name), but the NCAA tournament left after the 1961 season until hosting the East Regional Finals in 2014 in its current location. Since the 1950 NCAA Tournament, the Garden has not hosted the National Finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 64], "content_span": [65, 620]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067187-0007-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 CCNY Beavers men's basketball team, Follow-up commentary\nFor CCNY, there were dark clouds on the horizon following the amazing double victory. The point-shaving scandal sent shock waves throughout college basketball, and most of the City College players were implicated in it. The scandal ended the NBA hopes of the CCNY players, prompted the suspension of the basketball program, and forever tarnished the '49-50 team's legacy. Ed Warner and Alvin Roth played professionally in the Continental Basketball Association. Following the scandal, the school was moved from Division I to Division III and was banned from playing at Madison Square Garden.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 64], "content_span": [65, 656]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067187-0007-0001", "contents": "1949\u201350 CCNY Beavers men's basketball team, Follow-up commentary\nAs a result of these sanctions, the CCNY basketball program was de\u2013emphasized, and the school has never again appeared in either the NCAA or NIT tournaments. In the 74-year history of the NCAA tournament, CCNY was one of the most unlikely champions, and the school has not reach post-season play again. To this day, CCNY is the only NCAA Basketball Championship team that is no longer a member of Division 1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 64], "content_span": [65, 473]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067187-0007-0002", "contents": "1949\u201350 CCNY Beavers men's basketball team, Follow-up commentary\nDespite the tragedy that befell CCNY in the aftermath of the point-shaving scandal, the 1950 City team is still the most celebrated college basketball team in the history of New York City. On a positive note, every one of the C.C.N.Y. players involved in the scandal eventually went back to school to earn his degree.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 64], "content_span": [65, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067187-0008-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 CCNY Beavers men's basketball team, Follow-up commentary\nIn another twist, the NCAA tournament did not have another game at any Madison Square Garden facility from the 1961 tournament until 2014, when its successor, Madison Square Garden IV, hosted the East Regional Finals. This might be related to the point-shaving scandal of 1951 and the existence of gamblers in New York City. In 1996, the Final Four was held outside of New York City at the Continental Airlines Arena in East Rutherford, New Jersey. After a hiatus of more than half a century, the Big Dance finally returned to the most famous indoor arena in the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 64], "content_span": [65, 642]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067187-0009-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 CCNY Beavers men's basketball team, Follow-up commentary\nNat Holman stayed on as CCNY coach until 1959, and the school's arena was named the Nat Holman Gymnasium. Holman was 98 years old when he died at the Hebrew Home for the Aged in the Riverdale section of the Bronx, NY, in 1995.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 64], "content_span": [65, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067187-0010-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 CCNY Beavers men's basketball team, Profile of the players\nIrwin Dambrot was a 6-foot-4, 175-pound All-American forward and the only senior in the starting lineup. His free-throw defeated Ohio State 56-55 in the opening round of the NCAA tournament. He also made a game-saving play at the end of the title game against Bradley to earn MVP honors. After the scandal broke, he pleaded guilty to conspiracy charges, ended his basketball career, and enrolled at Columbia University Dental School. He served in the U.S. Air Force Dental Corps and then practiced dentistry in Forest Hills, Queens and Manhattan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 66], "content_span": [67, 613]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067187-0010-0001", "contents": "1949\u201350 CCNY Beavers men's basketball team, Profile of the players\nIn 1989, Dambrot went to Kansas City for the 50th anniversary of the NCAA tournament, when all previous MVPs were invited; he met a lot of coaches and was treated royally. In December 2009, a month before his death, Dambrot was on hand in a wheelchair at Madison Square Garden when the Garden cited the double championship as the No. 1 college basketball moment in the game's 75-year history there. He had been living in Mendham, N.J. and died of Parkinson's disease at age 81 on January 21, 2010 and was interred at Locust Hill Cemetery in Dover, New Jersey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 66], "content_span": [67, 626]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067187-0011-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 CCNY Beavers men's basketball team, Profile of the players\nNorm Mager was a 6-foot-5 senior and the top reserve on the team. He joined the Baltimore Bullets after graduating from CCNY, but his professional basketball career ended when the scandal broke. He became an executive with a janitorial supply company, Perfect Building Maintenance, and retired in 2000 as its president. In 2005, Mager died of cancer at age 78 at a hospital in Boynton Beach, Florida.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 66], "content_span": [67, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067187-0012-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 CCNY Beavers men's basketball team, Profile of the players\nEd Roman, the team's 6-foot-6-inch center, pleaded guilty to charges of conspiring to fix the outcome of games at Madison Square Garden. After serving two years in the Army, Roman earned his undergraduate degree in physical education at Seattle University. He returned to New York to do work at City College and New York University toward a master's degree and a doctorate in psychology. He worked in the city public school's system in Queens. Ed Roman died of leukemia at age 57 in 1988 at the Westchester Medical Center in Valhalla, N.Y.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 66], "content_span": [67, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067187-0013-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 CCNY Beavers men's basketball team, Profile of the players\nEd Warner also pleaded guilty to conspiracy charges. He was the only one of the players to go to jail for his crimes when he was sentenced to six months at Rikers Island. He received a prison sentence because he had a record as a juvenile delinquent and was incorrigible and uncontrollable in the courtroom. In the 1960s, he was imprisoned again after pleading guilty to attempting to sell heroin. Warner had worked as a high school basketball referee, but in April 1984 he was partly paralyzed when his automobile was struck from behind in Upper Manhattan. Ed Warner died in Harlem at age 73 in 2002.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 66], "content_span": [67, 668]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067187-0014-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 CCNY Beavers men's basketball team, Profile of the players\nFloyd Layne became basketball coach at CCNY in the 1970s and 1980s. After he left CCNY, he became the head basketball coach at Prospect Heights High School in Brooklyn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 66], "content_span": [67, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067187-0015-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 CCNY Beavers men's basketball team, Profile of the players\nAlvin Roth was 6'4\", weighed 210 pounds and played guard. He was one of the players arrested in the scandal and agreed to serve in the United States Army for a time in exchange for suspending his jail sentence. After discharge, Roth finished City College business school and became an insurance executive in Westchester County, New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 66], "content_span": [67, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067187-0016-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 CCNY Beavers men's basketball team, Profile of the players\nLeroy Watkins was a 6-foot-7-inch reserve center who was not involved in the scandal, because he had very little playing time. Nat Holman put Watkins in to jump-center for the opening tipoff against Kentucky in the NIT, and he surprisingly outjumped 7-foot Bill Spivey. Watkins died in 2008.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 66], "content_span": [67, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067187-0017-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 CCNY Beavers men's basketball team, Profile of the players\nJoe Galiber, a substitute player who was not involved in point-shaving, became a state senator and served in this capacity until his death at age 71 in 1995.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 66], "content_span": [67, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067188-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Cairo League\n1949\u201350 Cairo League, the 28th Cairo League competition, champion was decided by results of Cairo teams in national league with no separate matches for Cairo league competition, Al Ahly won the competition for 16th time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067189-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Carlisle United F.C. season\nFor the 1949\u201350 season, Carlisle United F.C. competed in Football League Third Division North.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067190-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Celtic F.C. season\nDuring the 1949\u201350 Scottish football season, Celtic competed in Scottish Division A.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067191-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Challenge Cup\nThe 1949\u201350 Challenge Cup was the 49th staging of rugby league's oldest knockout competition, the Challenge Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067191-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Challenge Cup, Final\nWarrington beat Widnes 19-0 in the final played at Wembley in front of a crowd of 94,249. This was Warrington\u2019s third Cup Final win in nine Final appearances. In the match Albert Naughton, at centre for Warrington opposed his older brother Johnny, who was in the Widnes second row. This was the second successive Final that the losing side had failed to score. The Warrington scrum-half Gerry Helme won the Lance Todd Trophy for man-of-the-match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 28], "content_span": [29, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067192-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Chester F.C. season\nThe 1949\u201350 season was the twelfth season of competitive association football in the Football League played by Chester, an English club based in Chester, Cheshire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067192-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Chester F.C. season\nIt was the club's twelfth consecutive season in the Third Division North since its election to the Football League. Alongside competing in the league, the club also participated in the FA Cup and the Welsh Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067193-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Chicago Black Hawks season\nThe 1949\u201350 Chicago Black Hawks season was the team's 24th season in the National Hockey League. The Black Hawks finished in sixth, out of the playoffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067193-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Chicago Black Hawks season, Off-season\nIn goal, the Black Hawks acquired long-time Boston Bruins goaltender Frank Brimsek. Brimsek would play in all 70 games for the Hawks, winning 22 of them, earning five shutouts along the way, and posting a 3.49 GAA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067193-0002-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Chicago Black Hawks season, Regular season\nThe Black Hawks had finished in fifth place in 1948\u201349, failing to qualify for the playoffs for the third year in a row. Prior to the season, the NHL announced that they would be adding ten games to the regular season schedule, raising it from 60 games to 70. Despite the extra games added, the Black Hawks would only win one more game than the previous season, and finish in last place in the NHL with 54 points, 13 behind the New York Rangers for the final playoff spot, missing the playoffs for the fourth straight season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 50], "content_span": [51, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067193-0003-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Chicago Black Hawks season, Regular season\nOffensively, the Hawks scoring was spread out, as 22-year-old Metro Prystai led the Hawks with 29 goals, Doug Bentley had a team high 33 assists, and Roy Conacher had a club-best 56 points. Bill Gadsby would be a force on the blueline, leading the way with 10 goals and 35 points, and having a team high 138 penalty minutes. The Hawks scored 203 goals, second highest total in the league, but would allow a league high 244 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 50], "content_span": [51, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067194-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Chicago Stags season\nThe 1949\u201350 NBA season was the fourth and final season for the Chicago Stags of the National Basketball Association (NBA). The team ceased operations after the season, and Chicago would be left without an NBA team until 1961.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067194-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Chicago Stags season, Playoffs, Central Division Semifinals\n(1) Minneapolis Lakers vs. (4) Chicago Stags: Lakers win series 2-0", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 67], "content_span": [68, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067194-0002-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Chicago Stags season, Playoffs, Central Division Semifinals\nLast playoff meeting: 1949 Western Division Semifinals (Minneapolis won 2-0)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 67], "content_span": [68, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067195-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Colchester United F.C. season\nThe 1949\u201350 season was Colchester United's eighth season in their history and their eighth and final season in the Southern League. Alongside competing in the Southern League, the club also participated in the FA Cup and Southern League Cup. The club finished as runner-up to Merthyr Tydfil in the league, but despite this Colchester were elected to the Football League at the end of the campaign with the expansion of the League from 88 to 92 clubs. The club won the Southern League Cup 6\u20134 on aggregate, while they exited the FA Cup at the fourth qualifying round stage following a 1\u20130 defeat by Wealdstone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 647]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067195-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Colchester United F.C. season, Season overview\nLayer Road suffered storm damage ahead of the 1949\u201350 season, and owing to a shortage of steel, re-construction work was not complete as the season commenced. Manager Jimmy Allen strengthened his defence with the signing of Reg Stewart from Sheffield Wednesday and Bill Layton from Bradford Park Avenue, and by Christmas 1949, Colchester had lost just three of their 28 games played, one of which was the 1\u20130 FA Cup fourth qualifying round defeat to Wealdstone. The game was one of the first FA Cup ties to be broadcast on television, but on this occasion it was the U's who were on the receiving end of a cup shock.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 54], "content_span": [55, 671]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067195-0002-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Colchester United F.C. season, Season overview\nColchester had topped the table all season until a fixture-congested April, which saw them held to home draws by Torquay United Reserves and Gravesend & Northfleet, while suffering 5\u20130 and 6\u20131 defeats at main title rivals Merthyr Tydfil and Gillingham in the space of three days. Between those defeats, the U's had recovered some pride with a 3\u20130 Southern League Cup final first-leg win over Bath City. Competing in their fourth match in just five days, a weary Colchester side allowed Bath to lead the second-leg 4\u20131, meaning the tie would go to extra time. Vic Keeble and Dennis Hillman scored in the added 30-minutes, helping Colchester lift the trophy for the second time with their third final appearance in 3 years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 54], "content_span": [55, 776]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067195-0003-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Colchester United F.C. season, Season overview\nWith Gillingham having defeated Merthyr Tydfil during midweek, all Colchester needed to do in their final fixture was to win at Barry Town to secure the title. However, they were held to a goalless draw and Merthyr Tydfil took the title on goal average. Despite this, Vic Keeble had been the club's top scorer with 46 goals, a record which remains intact. Supplementing this were Fred Cutting's 24 goal haul and Bob Curry's 22, while fellow forward Arthur Turner had spent the majority of the season out injured with cartilage damage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 54], "content_span": [55, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067195-0004-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Colchester United F.C. season, Season overview\nOn 3 June 1950, only Everton and West Bromwich Albion opposed the expansion of the Football League from 88 to 92 clubs by expanding the Third Division North and South, instead preferring another regional league. Of the applications for Third Division South election, Gillingham polled 44 votes, Colchester 28, Worcester City 11, Chelmsford City 8, Peterborough United 5 and Merthyr Tydfil and Yeovil Town just one vote each. Colchester United were elected to the Football League with a Supporters Club membership of over 16,000 and an average gate of over 8,500.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 54], "content_span": [55, 617]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067195-0005-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Colchester United F.C. season, Squad statistics, Player debuts\nPlayers making their first-team Colchester United debut in a fully competitive match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 70], "content_span": [71, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067196-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Colorado College Tigers men's ice hockey season\nThe 1949\u201350 Colorado College Tigers men's ice hockey team represented the Colorado College in intercollegiate college ice hockey during the 1949\u201350 NCAA men's ice hockey season. The head coach was Cheddy Thompson and the team captain was Milo Yalich. The team won the 1950 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament. The team's leading scorer was Harry Whitworth, who finished third in the nation with 60 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 458]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067196-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Colorado College Tigers men's ice hockey season, Season\nColorado College entered the 1949\u201350 season looking for a bit of redemption after they lost their first three NCAA tournament games over the previous two seasons. With returning senior Milo Yalich named as team captain, the team opened on the road against the Wichita All-Stars before hosting the same team the following week. The first game was a close affair, with the Tigers winning 5\u20134 but the next three matches were easily won by Cheddy Thompson's team. The Tigers stayed at home until mid-January and used that advantage to win their first 10 games of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 63], "content_span": [64, 634]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067196-0001-0001", "contents": "1949\u201350 Colorado College Tigers men's ice hockey season, Season\nThe visiting UBC Thunderbirds spoiled their perfect record, handing the Tigers their first two losses of the year but that series was sandwiched between two weekends against the brand new Denver program that was hopelessly outmatched by Colorado College. CC took all four games against their future rival by a combined score of 50\u20134. After splitting two games during a trip up to Minnesota the Tigers met their biggest competition in the west, the Michigan Wolverines.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 63], "content_span": [64, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067196-0002-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Colorado College Tigers men's ice hockey season, Season\nCC had lost five of their previous six meetings against the Wolverines and hadn't beaten Michigan since 1946. In the first game Michigan shut down the high-powered CC offense, holding the Tigers to a season-low one goal in a 5\u20131 CC loss. The next day turned out even worse for the Tigers when they were trounced by Michigan 11\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 63], "content_span": [64, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067196-0002-0001", "contents": "1949\u201350 Colorado College Tigers men's ice hockey season, Season\nThe bitter taste of those two losses remained in the team's mouth for two weeks but once they returned to the ice the team was able to take some of their frustration out on Minnesota, winning two games to end the regular season. While Michigan had the best record by far, Colorado College and North Dakota were in contention for the second western seed. While their two records were very similar (15\u20136\u20132 vs. 16\u20135\u20131) the series the two played against one another ended in CC's favor and was likely the deciding factor in sending the Tigers back to the NCAA tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 63], "content_span": [64, 631]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067196-0003-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Colorado College Tigers men's ice hockey season, Season\nThe Tigers welcomed Boston College in the semifinal and, after BC opened the scoring early in the first, Colorado College produced what was then the most lopsided victory in tournament history. The Tigers' Carl Lawrence gave the team its first lead and then proceeded to score four more times before the game was over. Ron Hartwell, Tony Frasca, Chris Ray and Bill MacDonald also hit the net as CC rolled to a 10\u20133 win, their first tournament victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 63], "content_span": [64, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067196-0003-0001", "contents": "1949\u201350 Colorado College Tigers men's ice hockey season, Season\nIn the championship game CC faced off against Boston University who were in their first season playing varsity ice hockey and led by the nation's leading scorer Jack Garrity. Once again the Tigers surrendered the first goal and went into the second period down 1\u20130. CC remained off the score sheet until about midway through the game when they notched two goals in the span of 18 seconds and followed it up with a third just over six minutes later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 63], "content_span": [64, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067196-0003-0002", "contents": "1949\u201350 Colorado College Tigers men's ice hockey season, Season\nWith the game close through two periods there was still hope for both teams but, when Ron Hartwell scored 52 seconds in, the championship appeared to be slipping away from BU. Chris Ray built the lead to 4 before future Hall of Famer Jack Kelley made the score 5\u20132. After that brief respite the CC offense went on a rampage and scored seven goals in just under 7 minutes of game time with all but one coming from different players. Three more goals were scored before the game ended but the outcome had already been decided and Colorado College skated away with their first national championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 63], "content_span": [64, 660]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067196-0004-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Colorado College Tigers men's ice hockey season, Season\nCC set numerous records over the course of the season. With their 190 goals coming in only 24 games the team averaged just under 8 goals per game (7.91) which is the best rating in history for an NCAA champion (as of 2018). Colorado College twice broke the record for largest margin of victory in the NCAA tournament, winning 10\u20133 in their first game (+7) and 13\u20134 in their second (+9). As of 2018 the championship game has the second-widest margin (1961).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 63], "content_span": [64, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067196-0004-0001", "contents": "1949\u201350 Colorado College Tigers men's ice hockey season, Season\nThe 13 goals CC scored in the championship set a record for most in any tournament game that was broken by Michigan in 1953 and remains a record for a championship game (tied with the 1957 CC team). The 23 goals scored in the tournament was a record that was not broken until the tournament expanded to at last double the number of games for a championship team, but still remains a record for any team in the Frozen Four. The +16 total goal differential is still a record for a single tournament that is shared by Michigan in 1953 and Wisconsin in 1983.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 63], "content_span": [64, 618]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067196-0005-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Colorado College Tigers men's ice hockey season, Standings, Schedule\nDuring the season Colorado College compiled an 18\u20135\u20131 record, and was selected for the NCAA tournament for the third consecutive year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 76], "content_span": [77, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067196-0006-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Colorado College Tigers men's ice hockey season, 1950 national championship, (W2) Colorado College vs. (E2) Boston University\nJim Starrak and Tony Frasca were named to the All-Tournament First Team while Roy Ikola and Ron Hartwell were on the All-Tournament Second Team", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 133], "content_span": [134, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067197-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Connecticut Huskies men's basketball team\nThe 1949\u201350 Connecticut Huskies men's basketball team represented the University of Connecticut in the 1949\u201350 collegiate men's basketball season. The Huskies completed the season with a 17\u20138 overall record. The Huskies were members of the Yankee Conference, where they ended the season with a 5\u20132 record. The Huskies played their home games at Hawley Armory in Storrs, Connecticut, and were led by fourth-year head coach Hugh Greer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067198-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Copa M\u00e9xico\nThe Copa M\u00e9xico 1949\u201350 was the 34th staging of the Copa M\u00e9xico, the 7th staging in the professional era.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067198-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Copa M\u00e9xico\nThe competition started on July 9, 1950, and concluded on August 6, 1950, with the final, in which Atlas lifted the trophy for the second time ever with a 3\u20131 victory over Veracruz.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067198-0002-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Copa M\u00e9xico\nThis edition was played by 14 teams, in a knock-out stage, in a single match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067198-0003-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Copa M\u00e9xico, First round\nBye:  Asturias F.C.,  Am\u00e9rica,  Guadalajara,  Club Espa\u00f1a,  Tampico and  Veracruz,", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 32], "content_span": [33, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067199-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Copa del General\u00edsimo\nThe 1949\u201350 Copa del General\u00edsimo was the 48th staging of the Copa del Rey, the Spanish football cup competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067199-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Copa del General\u00edsimo\nThe competition began on 27 November 1949 and concluded on 28 May 1950 with the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067200-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Cypriot Cup\nThe 1949\u201350 Cypriot Cup was the 13th edition of the Cypriot Cup. A total of 8 clubs entered the competition. It began on 26 February 1950 with the quarterfinals and concluded on 23 April 1950 with the replay final which was held at GSP Stadium. EPA won their 3rd Cypriot Cup trophy after beating Anorthosis 2\u20131 in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067200-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Cypriot Cup, Format\nIn the 1949\u201350 Cypriot Cup, participated all the teams of the Cypriot First Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 27], "content_span": [28, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067200-0002-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Cypriot Cup, Format\nThe competition consisted of three knock-out rounds. In all rounds each tie was played as a single leg and was held at the home ground of the one of the two teams, according to the draw results. Each tie winner was qualifying to the next round. If a match was drawn, extra time was following. If extra time was drawn, there was a replay match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 27], "content_span": [28, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067201-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Cypriot First Division\nStatistics of the Cypriot First Division for the 1949\u201350 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 95]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067201-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Cypriot First Division, Overview\nIt was contested by 8 teams, and Anorthosis Famagusta FC won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067202-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Czechoslovak Extraliga season\nThe 1949\u201350 Czechoslovak Extraliga season was the seventh season of the Czechoslovak Extraliga, the top level of ice hockey in Czechoslovakia. Eight teams participated in the league, and ATK Praha won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067203-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 DDR-Oberliga\nThe 1949\u201350 DDR-Oberliga, playing as the DS-Liga in its first season as the DDR, the German Democratic Republic was only formed after the start of the season, was the inaugural season of the DDR-Oberliga, the first tier of league football in East Germany.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067203-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 DDR-Oberliga\nThe league was contested by 14 teams and ZSG Horch Zwickau won the championship. It was the second and last East German championship for Zwickau, having previously won the 1948 edition under the name of SG Planitz.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067203-0002-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 DDR-Oberliga\nHeinz Satrapa of ZSG Horch Zwickau was the league's top scorer with 23 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067203-0003-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 DDR-Oberliga, Table\nThe 1949\u201350 season was the inaugural season of the league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 27], "content_span": [28, 86]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067203-0004-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 DDR-Oberliga, Name changes\nEast German clubs were subject to frequent name changes in this era. The following 1949\u201350 DDR-Oberliga clubs changed their name during the off-season and in the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 34], "content_span": [35, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067204-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Danish 1st Division, Overview\nIt was contested by 10 teams, and Kj\u00f8benhavns Boldklub won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067205-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Denver Nuggets season\nThe 1949\u201350 NBA season was the only season for the original Denver Nuggets in the National Basketball Association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067206-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Detroit Red Wings season\nThe 1949\u201350 Detroit Red Wings season saw the team finish in first place in the National Hockey League (NHL) with a record of 37 wins, 19 losses, and 14 ties for 88 points. They defeated the Toronto Maple Leafs in seven games in the Semi-finals before downing the New York Rangers in the Stanley Cup Finals, also in seven games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067206-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Detroit Red Wings season, Player statistics, Playoffs\nNote: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; +/- = Plus-minus PIM = Penalty minutes; PPG = Power-play goals; SHG = Short-handed goals; GWG = Game-winning goals;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0MIN = Minutes played; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; GA = Goals against; GAA = Goals-against average;  SO = Shutouts;", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 61], "content_span": [62, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067206-0002-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Detroit Red Wings season, Detroit Red Wings 1950 Stanley Cup champions, Players\n\u2020 Left off the cup, but qualified to be on it.a Played his only NHL game in Finals.b Played his only NHL game in Semi-Finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 87], "content_span": [88, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067207-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Drexel Dragons men's basketball team\nThe 1949\u201350 Drexel Dragons men's basketball team represented Drexel Institute of Technology during the 1949\u201350 men's basketball season. The Dragons, led by 1st year head coach Harold Kollar, played their home games at Curtis Hall Gym and were members of the Southern division of the Middle Atlantic Conferences (MAC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067208-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Duke Blue Devils men's basketball team\nThe 1949\u201350 Duke Blue Devils men's basketball team represented Duke University during the 1949\u201350 men's college basketball season. The head coach was Gerry Gerard, coaching his eighth and final season with the Blue Devils. The team finished with an overall record of 15\u201315.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067209-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Dumbarton F.C. season\nThe 1949\u201350 season was the 66th Scottish football season in which Dumbarton competed at national level, entering the Scottish Football League, the Scottish Cup, the Scottish League Cup and the Supplementary Cup. In addition Dumbarton competed in the Stirlingshire Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067209-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Dumbarton F.C. season, Scottish League\nIf the 1948-49 league campaign was a disappointment, this season was to prove a disaster, with just 16 points being won and a 15th-place finish - a distant 31 behind champions Morton. Things might have been worse, however, with only 4 points separating them from relegation to Division C.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 46], "content_span": [47, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067209-0002-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Dumbarton F.C. season, Scottish Cup\nDumbarton lost out in the second round of the Cup to Stirling Albion, after two drawn games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067209-0003-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Dumbarton F.C. season, Scottish League Cup\nWith two wins and a draw being taken from their 6 games in the sectional games of the League Cup, Dumbarton finished 3rd of 4 and failed to qualify for the next stage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 50], "content_span": [51, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067209-0004-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Dumbarton F.C. season, Supplementary Cup\nIt was a first round exit in the B Division Cup, this time to Stenhousemuir.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 48], "content_span": [49, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067209-0005-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Dumbarton F.C. season, Stirlingshire Cup\nAlloa were to prove too strong for Dumbarton in the first round clash of the county cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 48], "content_span": [49, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067209-0006-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Dumbarton F.C. season, Benefit Matches\nTwo 'benefit' matches were played against strong Rangers and Clyde sides, resulting in wins in both cases.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 46], "content_span": [47, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067209-0007-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Dumbarton F.C. season, Reserve team\nDumbarton played a reserve team for the first time in many seasons and competed in Division C (South West) finishing 18th and bottom, recording 6 wins and 8 draws from 34 matches. Note that in addition to the reserve sides of the bigger Division A teams in South and West Scotland, the first team of Stranraer also competed in this league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067209-0008-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Dumbarton F.C. season, Reserve team\nIn the Second XI Cup, Dumbarton were dumped out in the first round by Queen of the South.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067210-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Dundee F.C. season\nThe 1949\u201350 season was the forty-eighth season in which Dundee competed at a Scottish national level, playing in Division A, where the club would finish in 6th place. Dundee would also compete in both the Scottish Cup and the Scottish League Cup, but would struggle in both competitions, finishing bottom of their group in the League Cup and being knocked out in a 1st round replay against Heart of Midlothian in the Scottish Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067211-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Dundee United F.C. season\nThe 1949\u201350 season was the 42nd year of football played by Dundee United, and covers the period from 1 July 1949 to 30 June 1950. United finished in seventh place in the Second Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067211-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Dundee United F.C. season, Match results\nDundee United played a total of 39 competitive matches during the 1949\u201350 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 48], "content_span": [49, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067211-0002-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Dundee United F.C. season, Match results, Legend\nAll results are written with Dundee United's score first. Own goals in italics", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 56], "content_span": [57, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067212-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Egyptian Premier League\nThe 1949\u201350 Egyptian Premier League started in October 1948. Al-Ahly were crowned champions for the second time in total.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067213-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 English National League season\nThe 1949\u201350 English National League season was the ninth season of the English National League, the top level ice hockey league in England. Seven teams participated in the league, and the Streatham Royals won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067214-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Eredivisie (ice hockey) season\nThe 1949\u201350 Eredivisie season was the fourth season of the Eredivisie, the top level of ice hockey in the Netherlands. Three teams participated in the league, and Ijsvogels Amsterdam won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067215-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 European Rugby League Championship\nThis was the tenth European Championship and was won for the fifth time by England on Points Average. This tournament saw the introduction of the Other Nationalities team, which was made up of players from Scotland and the southern hemisphere who played in the NRFU. The tournament also reverted to the single game round robin format.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067216-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Everton F.C. season\nDuring the 1949\u201350 English football season, Everton F.C. competed in the Football League First Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067216-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Everton F.C. season, Final League Table\nP = Matches played; W = Matches won; D = Matches drawn; L = Matches lost; F = Goals for; A = Goals against; GA = Goal average; GD = Goal difference; Pts = Points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 47], "content_span": [48, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067217-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 FA Cup\nThe 1949\u201350 FA Cup was the 69th season of the world's oldest football cup competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup, commonly known as the FA Cup. Arsenal won the competition for the third time, beating Liverpool 2\u20130 in the final at Wembley, through two goals from Reg Lewis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067217-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 FA Cup\nMatches were scheduled to be played at the stadium of the team named first on the date specified for each round, which was always a Saturday. Some matches, however, might be rescheduled for other days if there were clashes with games for other competitions or the weather was inclement. If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played, a replay would take place at the stadium of the second-named team later the same week. If the replayed match was drawn further replays would be held until a winner was determined. If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played in a replay, a 30-minute period of extra time would be played.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 653]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067217-0002-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 FA Cup, First round proper\nAt this stage clubs from the Football League Third Division North and South joined the 25 non-league clubs having come through the qualifying rounds. Rotherham United, Reading and A.F.C. Bournemouth, as the strongest Third Division finishers in the previous season, were given a bye to the Third Round. To make the number of matches up, non-league Yeovil Town and Bromley were given byes to this round. 34 matches were scheduled to be played on Saturday, 26 November 1949. Three were drawn and went to replays.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 34], "content_span": [35, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067217-0003-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 FA Cup, Second Round Proper\nThe matches were played on Saturday, 10 December 1949. Six matches were drawn, with replays taking place later the same week. One of these replays went to a second replay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 35], "content_span": [36, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067217-0004-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 FA Cup, Third round proper\nThe 44 First and Second Division clubs entered the competition at this stage, along with the three strongest finishers from the previous season's Third Division, Rotherham United, Reading and A.F.C. Bournemouth. The matches were scheduled for Saturday, 7 January 1950. Nine matches were drawn and went to replays, with one of these going to a second replay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 34], "content_span": [35, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067217-0005-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 FA Cup, Fourth Round Proper\nThe matches were scheduled for Saturday, 28 January 1950. Six games were drawn and went to replays, which were all played in the following midweek match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 35], "content_span": [36, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067217-0006-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 FA Cup, Fifth Round Proper\nThe matches were scheduled for Saturday, 11 February 1950. There were three replays in total, each taking place four days later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 34], "content_span": [35, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067217-0007-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 FA Cup, Sixth Round Proper\nThe four quarter-final ties were scheduled to be played on Saturday, 4 March 1950. There were no replays.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 34], "content_span": [35, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067217-0008-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 FA Cup, Semi-Finals\nThe semi-final matches were intended to be played on Saturday, 18 March 1950, although the Liverpool\u2013Everton fixture was not played until the week after. The London derby clash of Arsenal\u2013Chelsea went to a replay, with Arsenal eventually winning their tie to meet Liverpool in the final at Wembley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 27], "content_span": [28, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067217-0009-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 FA Cup, Final\nThe 1950 FA Cup Final was contested by Arsenal and Liverpool at Wembley. Arsenal won 2\u20130, with both goals scored by Reg Lewis. Future legendary Liverpool manager Bob Paisley was famously dropped for the final, even after scoring the winning goal against rivals Everton in the semi final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 21], "content_span": [22, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067218-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 FA Cup qualifying rounds\nThe FA Cup 1949\u201350 is the 69th season of the world's oldest football knockout competition; The Football Association Challenge Cup, or FA Cup for short. The large number of clubs entering the tournament from lower down the English football league system meant that the competition started with a number of preliminary and qualifying rounds. The 25 victorious teams from the Fourth Round Qualifying progressed to the First Round Proper.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067218-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 FA Cup qualifying rounds, 4th qualifying round\nThe teams that entered in this round are: Leytonstone, Colchester United, Barnet, Bishop Auckland, Gillingham, Cheltenham Town, Guildford City, Chelmsford City, Gainsborough Trinity, Scunthorpe United, Shrewsbury Town, Scarborough, Stockton, Workington, Dulwich Hamlet, Walthamstow Avenue, Wellington Town, Runcorn, Stalybridge Celtic, Lancaster City, Dartford, Hereford United, Romford and Witton Albion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 54], "content_span": [55, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067218-0002-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 FA Cup qualifying rounds, 1949\u201350 FA Cup\nSee 1949\u201350 FA Cup for details of the rounds from the First Round Proper onwards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067219-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 FC Basel season\nThe 1949\u201350 season was Fussball Club Basel 1893's 56th season in their existence. It was their fourth season in the top flight of Swiss football following their promotion from the Nationalliga B after the season 1945\u201346. This season Basel played their home games in the Stadion Sch\u00fctzenmatte in the Bachletten quartier in the southwestern edge of the city of Basel. Jules D\u00fcblin was the club's chairman for the fourth successive season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067219-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 FC Basel season, Overview\nErnst Hufschmid, who had functioned as player-coach the previous two seasons, continued in this function this season. Basel played a total of 41 games in this season. Of these 26 in the Nationalliga A, five in the Swiss Cup and ten were test games. The test games resulted with three victories and seven defeats. In total, including the test games and the cup competition, they won 21 games, drew five and lost 15 times. In the 41 games they scored 78 goals and conceded 75.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067219-0002-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 FC Basel season, Overview\nThere were fourteen teams contesting in the 1949\u201350 Nationalliga A, the bottom two teams in the table to be relagted. Basel started the season well, winnung six of the first seven games and things continued well. Basel stayed in contention of the championship. But at the end of the season they lost their last two games and finished in second position, two points behind the new champions Servette who won their last two games. Basel won 14 games, drew five and were defeated seven times, they scored 48 goals as they gained their 33 points. Gottlieb St\u00e4uble with 13 goals was the team's best scorer and 8th best league scorer. Ren\u00e9 Bader was the team's second best goal getter, netting nine times, Paul St\u00f6cklin netted six times.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 765]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067219-0003-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 FC Basel season, Overview\nBasel started in the 3rd round of the Swiss Cup with an away match against lower tier FC Porrentruy. This was won. In round 4 Basel were drawn away against Grasshopper Club and this too was won. In the round of 16 and the quarter-final Basel played at home and won against Wil and Bellinzona respectively. However Lausanne-Sport won the semi-final and continued to the final and they won the trophy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067219-0004-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 FC Basel season, Players\nThe following is the list of the Basel first team squad during the season 1949\u201350. The list includes players that were in the squad on the day that the Nationalliga A season started on 28 August 1949 but subsequently left the club after that date.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067219-0005-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 FC Basel season, Players\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067219-0006-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 FC Basel season, Players\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067220-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 FK Partizan season\nThe 1949\u201350 season was the 4th season in FK Partizan's existence. This article shows player statistics and matches that the club played during the 1949\u201350 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067220-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 FK Partizan season, Players\n\u0160o\u0161tari\u0107, Kolakovi\u0107, \u010coli\u0107, \u010cajkovski, Jovanovi\u0107, Jakoveti\u0107, Mihajlovi\u0107, Pajevi\u0107, Valok, Bobek, Atanackovi\u0107", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 35], "content_span": [36, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067220-0002-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 FK Partizan season, Players\nGr\u010devi\u0107, Petrovi\u0107, Drenovac, Lazarevi\u0107, Sen\u010dar, Simonovski, Po\u017eega, Marjanovi\u0107, Radunovi\u0107, Raci\u0107, Vorgi\u0107, Ho\u010devar, Bogojevac, Kraji\u0161nik, \u0160ijakovi\u0107, Stipi\u0107, Stankovi\u0107, Popovi\u0107 i Kantard\u017ei\u0107.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 35], "content_span": [36, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067221-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Football League\nThe 1949\u201350 season was the 51st completed season of The Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 96]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067221-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Football League, Final league tables\nThe tables below are reproduced here in the exact form that they can be found at  website and in Rothmans Book of Football League Records 1888\u201389 to 1978\u201379, with home and away statistics separated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067221-0002-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Football League, Final league tables\nBeginning with the season 1894\u201395, clubs finishing level on points were separated according to goal average (goals scored divided by goals conceded), or more properly put, goal ratio. In case one or more teams had the same goal difference, this system favoured those teams who had scored fewer goals. The goal average system was eventually scrapped beginning with the 1976\u201377 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067221-0003-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Football League, Final league tables\nFrom the 1922\u201323 season, the bottom two teams of both Third Division North and Third Division South were required to apply for re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067221-0004-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Football League, First Division\nPortsmouth retained the First Division title, finishing level on points with Wolverhampton Wanderers. Sunderland finished a single point behind the leading pair, with Manchester United and Newcastle United completing the top five. Sixth placed Arsenal, the 1948 champions, finished four points off the top of the table but beat Liverpool to win their first postwar FA Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 39], "content_span": [40, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067221-0005-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Football League, First Division\nManchester City and Birmingham City went down to the Second Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 39], "content_span": [40, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067222-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Fort Wayne Pistons season\nThe 1949\u201350 NBA season was the second season for the Fort Wayne Pistons in the National Basketball Association (NBA), and ninth overall as a franchise. After missing the playoffs for the first time in 1949 the team made their first NBA playoff berth. After beating Chicago in a tiebreaker game Fort Wayne entered the playoffs as the three seed in the east and defeated their old rivals, the Rochester Royals, in a first round sweep, before the Pistons got swept by the eventual champion Minneapolis Lakers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067223-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 French Division 1\nFC Girondins de Bordeaux won Division 1 season 1949/1950 of the French Association Football League with 51 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067223-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 French Division 1, Final table\nPromoted from Division 2, who will play in Division 1 season 1950/1951", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 38], "content_span": [39, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067224-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 French Division 2, Overview\nIt was contested by 18 teams, and N\u00eemes Olympique won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 35], "content_span": [36, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067225-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 French Rugby Union Championship\nThe 1949-50 French Rugby Union Championship was contested by 48 teams divided en 8 pools, 32 teams were qualified to play the play-offs", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067225-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 French Rugby Union Championship\nThe Championship was won by Castres that beat Racing Paris in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067225-0002-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 French Rugby Union Championship, Context\nThe 1950 Five Nations Championship was won by Wales, France was classified third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067225-0003-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 French Rugby Union Championship, Context\nThe \"Coupe de France\" was won by Lourdes that beat the AS Biterroise Cheminots in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067225-0004-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 French Rugby Union Championship, \"Last 16\"\nIn bold the clubs qualified for the quarter of finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 50], "content_span": [51, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067226-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team\nThe 1949\u201350 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team represented Georgetown University during the 1949\u201350 NCAA college basketball season. Francis \"Buddy\" O'Grady coached it in his first of three seasons as head coach. The team was an independent and played its home games at the D.C. Armory in Washington, D.C. It finished with a record of 12-12 and had no post-season play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067226-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Season recap\nNew head coach O'Grady had been a three-year standout guard on the Hoya teams of 1939-1942. After military service in World War II, he had played professional basketball for three seasons with the Washington Capitols and the Rochester Royals before retiring to coach at Georgetown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067226-0002-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Season recap\nAlthough coaches of the freshman team had assisted the varsity team's head coach from time to time, Georgetown had never had a formal assistant coach on the varsity team until this season, when former Georgetown player Jim \"Miggs\" Reilly became the Hoyas' first formal assistant coach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067226-0003-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Season recap\nThe season saw the beginning of annual meetings between rivals Fordham and Georgetown, which would continue through 1979.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067226-0004-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Season recap\nGuard Tommy O'Keefe played an unprecedented fourth season on the varsity team this year. Freshmen were ineligible for varsity play under National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) rules at the time, but this had been lifted for four seasons during and just after World War II. The NCAA restored freshman ineligibility in 1947, but when the Georgetown athletic department petitioned the NCAA to recognize O'Keefe's 1946-47 sophomore season at Georgetown as the equivalent of a freshman season prior to the NCAA restoration of freshman ineligibility, the NCAA agreed, allowing O'Keefe to play for Georgetown for a fourth season in 1949-50.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 703]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067226-0004-0001", "contents": "1949\u201350 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Season recap\nHe led the 1949-50 team, scoring in double figures in 21 of its 24 games. Early in the year, he shot 10-for-15 from the field in Georgetown's upset of Penn State, and he had a career-high 23 points in an upset of Rutgers. He finished as the team's leading scorer for the third straight year \u2013 the first Georgetown player to lead for three straight seasons in 15 years \u2013 and was selected to play on the East team alongside Holy Cross standout Bob Cousy in the East-West All-Star Game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067226-0005-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Season recap\nGeorgetown's January 14, 1950, game against Holy Cross at Worcester Memorial Auditorium in Worcester, Massachusetts, was the Hoyas' first against a team ranked No. 1 in the Associated Press Poll. Cousey led the Crusaders to a 77\u201351 victory over Georgetown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067226-0006-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Season recap\nThe young, undersized 1949-50 team started with a 10-5 record in its first 15 games, but then struggled, losing seven of its last nine games to finish the year at 12-12. It had no postseason play and was not ranked in the Top 20 in the Associated Press Poll at any time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067226-0007-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Season recap\nO'Keefe ended his Georgetown career with 1,018 points, the first Georgetown player in history to score more than 1,000 points. He would go on to play professional basketball for one season with the Washington Capitols and Baltimore Bullets in 1950-51 and to serve as Georgetown's assistant coach for four seasons from 1956 to 1960 and as head coach for six seasons from 1960 to 1966.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067226-0008-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, 1949\u201350 schedule and results\nIt was common practice at this time for colleges and universities to include non-collegiate opponents in their schedules, with the games recognized as part of their official record for the season, and the December 9, 1949, game against the New York Athletic Club therefore counted as part of Georgetown's won-loss record for 1949-50. It was not until 1952 after the completion of the 1951-52 season that the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) ruled that colleges and universities could no longer count games played against non-collegiate opponents in their annual won-loss records.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 76], "content_span": [77, 671]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067227-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Greek Football Cup\nThe 1949\u201350 Greek Football Cup was the 8th edition of the Greek Football Cup. The competition culminated with the Greek Cup Final, held at Leoforos Alexandras Stadium, Athens on 28 May 1950. The match was contested by AEK Athens and Aris, with AEK Athens winning by 4\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067227-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Greek Football Cup, Final\nThe 8th Greek Cup Final was played at the Leoforos Alexandras Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 33], "content_span": [34, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067228-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Heart of Midlothian F.C. season\nDuring the 1949\u201350 season Hearts competed in the Scottish First Division, the Scottish Cup, the Scottish League Cup and the East of Scotland Shield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067229-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Hibernian F.C. season\nDuring the 1949\u201350 season Hibernian, a football club based in Edinburgh, came second out of 16 clubs in the Scottish First Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067230-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Hong Kong First Division League\nThe 1949\u201350 Hong Kong First Division League season was the 39th since its establishment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067231-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season\nHuddersfield Town's 1949\u201350 campaign saw Town finish in their highest position in Division 1 since their 3rd-place finish in the 1935\u201336 season. They finished in 15th place with just 37 points and most of the highlights of the season were of the negative sort with disappointing thrashings by Wolverhampton Wanderers and Manchester United, as well as a 6\u20130 drubbing by Sunderland in the FA Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067231-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season, Squad at the start of the season\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 73], "content_span": [74, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067231-0002-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season, Review\nAfter Arnold Rodgers' goal in the final match of the previous season, some were wondering how Town would cope in Division 1 as they headed into the 1950s. The season didn't start too well with Town only winning 1 of their first 10 matches, that being a 2\u20131 win over Charlton Athletic, but that run also included a 7\u20131 defeat by Wolverhampton Wanderers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 47], "content_span": [48, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067231-0003-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season, Review\nTown's form would never dramatically improve, which led Town to another relegation battle, but an improvement saw Town finish in the more respectable position of 15th place. This was also the season that Town played 2 matches at Elland Road, the home of rivals Leeds United, because of a fire at Leeds Road after the game against Manchester United.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 47], "content_span": [48, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067231-0004-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season, Squad at the end of the season\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 71], "content_span": [72, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067232-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 IHL season\nThe 1949\u201350 IHL season was the fifth season of the International Hockey League, a North American minor professional league. Five teams participated in the regular season, and the Chatham Maroons won the Turner Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067233-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Idaho Vandals men's basketball team\nThe 1949\u201350 Idaho Vandals men's basketball team represented the University of Idaho during the 1949\u201350 NCAA college basketball season. Members of the Pacific Coast Conference, the Vandals were led by third-year head coach Charles Finley and played their home games on campus at Memorial Gymnasium in Moscow, Idaho.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067233-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Idaho Vandals men's basketball team\nThe Vandals were 15\u201317 overall and 7\u20139 in conference play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067234-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball team\nThe 1949\u201350 Illinois Fighting Illini men\u2019s basketball team represented the University of Illinois.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067234-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball team, Regular season\nThe 1949-50 season looked to have solid promise based on the fact that the team had 3 returning starters from a \"Final Four\" team a year earlier. Unfortunately for the Fighting Illini men's basketball team, the conference season proved to be more difficult than expected. With 5 of the team's 8 losses coming at the hands of conference competition, the Illini, not only placed in a third place tie in the Big Ten, they also missed out on the opportunity to play in a post-season tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 70], "content_span": [71, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067234-0001-0001", "contents": "1949\u201350 Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball team, Regular season\nHead coach Harry Combes had guided the team a year earlier to a Big Ten championship, a third place finish in the 1949 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament and a final AP ranking of No. 4 in the nation. The 1949-50 team compiled an overall record of 14 wins and 8 losses with a conference record of 7 wins and 5 losses. The starting lineup included captain William Erickson, Roy Gatewood and Donald Sunderlage as forwards, Rodney Fletcher, and Burdette Thurlby at guard and Walter Osterkorn and Mack Follmer rotating at the center position.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 70], "content_span": [71, 618]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067235-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Indiana Hoosiers men's basketball team\nThe 1949\u201350 Indiana Hoosiers men's basketball team represented Indiana University. Their head coach was Branch McCracken, who was in his 9th year. The team played its home games in The Fieldhouse in Bloomington, Indiana, and was a member of the Big Ten Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067235-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Indiana Hoosiers men's basketball team\nThe Hoosiers finished the regular season with an overall record of 17\u20135 and a conference record of 7\u20135, finishing 3rd in the Big Ten Conference. Indiana was not invited to participate in any postseason tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067236-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Indiana State Sycamores men's basketball team\nThe 1949\u201350 Indiana State Sycamores men's basketball season is considered one of the greatest in the school's history. The Sycamore's were led by NAIB All-American Lenny Len Rzeszewski. He led them to the national title game versus East Central Oklahoma and ended the season as the National Champion with a record of 27\u20138. This season was Indiana State's 4th NAIA Final Four, its 3rd National Title game and its 1st National Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067236-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Indiana State Sycamores men's basketball team, Regular season\nDuring the 1949\u201350 season, Indiana State finished the regular season 20\u20138, 7\u20132 in the Indiana Intercollegiate Conference. They won on average by over 10 points per game, dropping a hard fought battle to the national ranked (# 2) Duquesne Dukes on the road.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 69], "content_span": [70, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067236-0002-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Indiana State Sycamores men's basketball team, Regular season\nThey won 4 of 5 during their Christmas vacation road-trip before kicking off the conference schedule.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 69], "content_span": [70, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067236-0003-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Indiana State Sycamores men's basketball team, Regular season\nThey won the NAIA Regional Championship by downing Hanover and Evansville and qualified for the NAIA Tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 69], "content_span": [70, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067236-0004-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Indiana State Sycamores men's basketball team, Regular season\nOnce in Kansas City they ran the table winning their first NAIA National title (after twice finishing 2nd.) Len Rzeszewski received several honors at the end of regular season including the Chuck Taylor Award as the Most Valuable Player of the Year in the NAIA. He was also selected to the NAIA All-American team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 69], "content_span": [70, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067236-0005-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Indiana State Sycamores men's basketball team, Roster\nThe Sycamores were led by Rzeszewski, the NAIA Player of the Year and his 13.4 average. He was followed by Don McDonald\u2019s 13.2 average. The starting lineup also included Jim Powers, Bob Gilbert and Clarence Walker. The remainder of the roster consisted of Dan Dimich, Bill Jagodzinski, Jim Berger, Jim Hans, and Jerry Kunkel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 61], "content_span": [62, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067237-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Indianapolis Olympians season\nThe 1949\u201350 NBA season was the first season for the Indianapolis Olympians in the National Basketball Association (NBA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067237-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Indianapolis Olympians season, Playoffs, West Division Semifinals\n(1) Indianapolis Olympians vs. (4) Sheboygan Red Skins: Olympians win series 2-1", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 73], "content_span": [74, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067237-0002-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Indianapolis Olympians season, Playoffs, West Division Semifinals\nThis was the first playoff meeting between the Olympians and Red Skins.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 73], "content_span": [74, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067237-0003-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Indianapolis Olympians season, Playoffs, West Division Finals\n(1) Indianapolis Olympians vs. (2) Anderson Packers: Packers win series 2-1", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 69], "content_span": [70, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067237-0004-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Indianapolis Olympians season, Playoffs, West Division Finals\nThis was the first playoff meeting between the Olympians and Packers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 69], "content_span": [70, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067238-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Inter Milan season\nDuring the 1949\u201350 season Football Club Internazionale competed in Serie A.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067238-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Inter Milan season, Summary\nThe campaign is best remembered by the hat-trick of Amedeo Amadei in Milano derby after Inter started losing 1-4 and won the match with the all-time highest score (6-5) on 6 November 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 35], "content_span": [36, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067238-0002-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Inter Milan season, Summary\nIn the summer of 1949 Masseroni transferred in the club several players such as Giovanni Giacomazzi, youngster back from Luparense,  Renato Miglioli from Atalanta and Dutchman winger Faas Wilkes. The club finished 3rd position in league behind Milan and champions Juventus.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 35], "content_span": [36, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067238-0003-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Inter Milan season, Squad\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 33], "content_span": [34, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067239-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Iowa State Cyclones men's basketball team\nThe 1949\u201350 Iowa State Cyclones men's basketball team represented Iowa State University during the 1949-50 NCAA College men's basketball season. The Cyclones were coached by Clay Sutherland, who was in his third season with the Cyclones. They played their home games at the Iowa State Armory in Ames, Iowa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067239-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Iowa State Cyclones men's basketball team\nThey finished the season 6\u201317, 2\u201310 in Big Seven play to finish in seventh place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067240-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Iraq FA Baghdad First Division\nThe 1949\u201350 Iraq FA Baghdad First Division was the second season of the Iraq Central FA League (the top division of football in Baghdad and its neighbouring cities from 1948 to 1973). The competition started on 25 November 1949, and Al-Haris Al-Maliki won the title for the first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067241-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Iraq FA Basra League\nThe 1949\u201350 Iraq FA Basra League was the second season of the Iraq FA Basra League (the top division of football in Basra from 1948 to 1973) organised by the Basra branch of the Iraq Football Association. The tournament began on 19 October 1949, and the regular season ended in November 1949 with Sharikat Naft Al-Basra and Al-Ittihad qualifying for the championship play-off. Sharikat Naft Al-Basra beat Al-Ittihad 5\u20131 in January 1950 to win the title for the first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067242-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Iraq FA Kirkuk First Division\nThe 1949\u201350 Iraq FA Kirkuk First Division was the second season of the Iraq FA Kirkuk League (the top division of football in Kirkuk from 1948 to 1973) organised by the Kirkuk branch of the Iraq Football Association. Unlike the previous season, Kirkuk's teams were split into two divisions from this season with seven teams in the top-flight and eight teams in the second-tier. The First Division started on the weekend of 5\u20136 November 1949, and Al-Dhahab Al-Aswad retained the league title with five victories and one defeat. The number of teams in the First Division was increased to nine for the 1950\u201351 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 652]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067242-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Iraq FA Kirkuk First Division, League table\nThe outcome of the Armenian Relief Corps v. Al-Firqa Al-Thaniya match is not available.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 51], "content_span": [52, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067243-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Irish League\nThe Irish League in season 1949\u201350 comprised 12 teams, and Linfield won the championship after a play-off with Glentoran.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067244-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Israeli League\nThe 1949\u201350 season was the first and only edition of the Israeli League. It was the first season after independence in 1948, and the eleventh season of league football in what had been Mandatory Palestine. The season started on 28 May 1949 and ended on 24 June 1950, with the league played on the basis of two points for a win and one for a draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067244-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Israeli League\nOriginally 14 teams were due to contest the league, the same line-up as the league for the abandoned 1947\u201348 season. However Hapoel HaTzafon Tel Aviv had disbanded and after failing to play their first three matches, the rest of the club's fixtures were cancelled and the league was contested by 13 clubs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067244-0002-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Israeli League\nThe title was won by Maccabi Tel Aviv. In early March 1950, Maccabi Nes Tziona were ejected from the league after failing to appear at three consecutive matches; all remaining matches in the season were forfeited. The club finished bottom of the league and were relegated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067244-0003-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Israeli League\nAfter a season's hiatus, football resumed in 1951, by which time Liga Alef had become the country's top division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067245-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Istanbul Football League\nThe 1949\u201350 \u0130stanbul Football League season was the 40th season of the league. Be\u015fikta\u015f JK won the league for the 10th time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067246-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Isthmian League\nThe 1949\u201350 season was the 35th in the history of the Isthmian League, an English football competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067246-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Isthmian League\nLeytonstone were champions, winning their sixth Isthmian League title. At the end of the season Tufnell Park merged with Edmonton Borough to form Tufnell Park Edmonton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067247-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Juventus F.C. season\nDuring the 1949\u201350 season Juventus Football Club competed in Serie A.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067247-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Juventus F.C. season, Summary\nThe team clinched its 8th title despite a colossal 1\u20137 home defeat against Milan with a superb hat-trick of Swedish striker Gunnar Nordahl. The championship was a reward to chairman Gianni Agnelli who built this team buying Danish players unknown at the time. In the summer he transferred in an Argentinian midfielder Rinaldo Martino from San Lorenzo to boost the club performance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067247-0002-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Juventus F.C. season, Summary\nIn this season, Jesse Carver replaced fellow Englishman William Chalmers as head coach of Juventus, and a less rigid and physically demanding training schedule paid off for Hansen. In the club, Hansen had an irreplaceable partner in another Danish player from the 1948 Olympics team, Karl Aage Pr\u00e6st. Pr\u00e6st was a left winger with electric dribbling skills who scattered opponents through the field and produced precise crosses to Hansen, who netted them thanks to his violent and accurate headers. Juventus won the 1949\u201350 Serie A championship with Hansen scoring 28 goals in 37 games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 623]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067247-0003-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Juventus F.C. season, Squad\nSource:Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 35], "content_span": [36, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067248-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball team\nThe 1949\u201350 Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball team represented the University of Kansas during the 1949\u201350 college men's basketball season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067249-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Kentucky Wildcats men's basketball team\nThe 1949\u201350 Kentucky Wildcats men's basketball team represented University of Kentucky as a member of the Southeast Conference. The head coach was Adolph Rupp and the team played their home games at Alumni Gymnasium for the final season. The Wildcats won SEC regular season and tournament championships. After losing to eventual National Invitation Tournament champion CCNY, Kentucky finished the season with a record of 25\u20135 (11\u20132 SEC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067249-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Kentucky Wildcats men's basketball team\nCharles Newton, a player on this squad, returned to Kentucky as Athletic Director from 1989 to 2000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067250-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Klass B season\nThe 1949\u201350 Klass B season was the third season of the Klass B, the second level of ice hockey in the Soviet Union. 19 teams participated in the league, and HC Spartak Minsk won the championship and was promoted to the Soviet Championship League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067251-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 La Liga\nThe 1949\u201350 La Liga was the 19th season since its establishment. Atl\u00e9tico Madrid conquered their third title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067251-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 La Liga, Format\nDue to the expansion of the league to 16 teams for the next season, the two last qualified teams played the relegation playoffs against the third and fourth qualified teams of the promotion play-offs from Segunda Divisi\u00f3n.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 23], "content_span": [24, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067251-0002-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 La Liga, Relegation play-offs\nGimn\u00e1stico played their match at Sarri\u00e0 Stadium and Oviedo at Estadio Metropolitano de Madrid.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 37], "content_span": [38, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067252-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Lancashire Cup\nThe 1949\u201350 Lancashire Cup competition was the 37th Rugby League Lancashire Cup. In the final, Wigan beat Leigh 20-7 to win the trophy. Thirty-five thousand people attended the match, which took place at Wilderspool, Warrington with receipts of \u00a34,751. The attendance was the second-highest to date for the competition (for further information see Rugby league county cups). This was the fourth of Wigan\u2019s record-breaking run of six consecutive Lancashire Cup victories.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 493]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067252-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Lancashire Cup, Background\nOverall, 14 teams entered this competition, the same number as in 1948, with Whitehaven being newly elected into the Rugby League at the start of the 1949\u201350 season, replacing the prior season's junior/amateur club entrant. No junior/amateur club took part during the 1949\u201350 season. The same pre-war fixture format was retained, with no bye, but one \"blank\" or \"dummy\" fixture in the first round. The second round contained one bye, but no \"blank\" fixture. As in the 1948\u201349 competition, all the first round matches were played on the basis of two legged (home and away) ties, and the remainder of the rounds on straight forward knock-out basis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 681]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067252-0002-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Lancashire Cup, Competition and results, Round 1\n7 matches (with no bye and one \u201cblank\u201d fixture) involving 14 clubs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 56], "content_span": [57, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067252-0003-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Lancashire Cup, Competition and results, Round 1\u00a0\u2013 Second Leg\n7 matches (with no bye and one \u201cblank\u201d fixture) involving 14 clubs. These are the reverse fixture from the first leg.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 69], "content_span": [70, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067252-0004-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Lancashire Cup, Competition and results, Final, Teams and scorers\nScoring: Try = three (3) points; Goal = two (2) points; Drop goal = two (2) points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 73], "content_span": [74, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067252-0005-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Lancashire Cup, Competition and results, Tournament bracket\nAll the first round ties were played on a two leg (home and away) basis. The first club named in the first round played the first leg at home. The scores shown in the first round are the aggregate score over the two legs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 67], "content_span": [68, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067252-0006-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Lancashire Cup, Notes and comments\n1 * This was the first Lancashire Cup match to be played by Whitehaven as well as being the first match at this stadium. 2 * Wilderspool was the home ground of Warrington from 1883 through the 2003 summer season, after which they moved into the new Halliwell Jones Stadium. Wilderspool remained a sports/Rugby League facility, used by the Woolston Rovers/Warrington Wizards junior club. It had a final capacity of 9,000 although the record attendance was set in a Challenge cup third round match on 13 March 1948, when 34,304 spectators saw Warrington lose to Wigan 13-10.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 42], "content_span": [43, 615]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067253-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 League Algiers\nThe 1949\u201350 League Algiers Football Association season started on September 25, 1949 and ended on May 28, 1950. This is the 28th edition of the championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067253-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 League Algiers, Final results, Division Honneur\nThe Division Honneur is the highest level of League Algiers Football Association, the equivalent of the elite for this league. It consists of twelve clubs who compete in both the title of \"Champion of Division Honneur\" and that of \"Champion of Algiers\", since it is the highest degree.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 55], "content_span": [56, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067254-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 League of Ireland\nThe 1949\u201350 League of Ireland was the 29th season of senior football in the Republic of Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067255-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Liga Meuhedet\nLiga Meuhedet (Hebrew: \u05dc\u05d9\u05d2\u05d4 \u05de\u05d9\u05d5\u05d7\u05d3\u05ea\u200e, lit. Special League) was a temporary second division of Israeli football in the 1949\u201350 season, the first after Israeli independence. It consisted of five regional division; North, Samaria, Sharon, Tel Aviv, Jerusalem and South. There was no promotion or relegation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067255-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Liga Meuhedet\nThere was no league football during the 1950\u201351 season, and when it resumed in 1951\u201352, Liga Bet returned as the second tier with the same composition as the aborted 1947\u201348 Liga Bet, with the top teams from Samaria, Tel Aviv and Jerusalem-South divisions replacing inactive teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067256-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Liverpool F.C. season\nThe 1949\u201350 season was the 57th season in Liverpool F.C. 's existence, and ended their season eighth in the table. Liverpool had played the first 19 games of the season unbeaten up to the middle of December and despite losing games after this, still remained top of the league on Good Friday. On Easter Sunday, Liverpool lost 5\u20131 away to Newcastle and went on to lose three of their last four games, ultimately finishing the season in eighth place, five points off ultimate league winners Portsmouth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067256-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Liverpool F.C. season\nThey also reached the FA Cup Final but lost two-nil to Arsenal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 93]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067257-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Luxembourg National Division\nThe 1949\u201350 Luxembourg National Division was the 36th season of top level association football in Luxembourg.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067257-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Luxembourg National Division, Overview\nIt was performed in 12 teams, and Stade Dudelange won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 46], "content_span": [47, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067258-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Macedonian Republic League\nThe 1949\u201350 Macedonian Republic League was the 6th since its establishment. Rabotnik Bitola won their first championship title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067259-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Maltese Premier League\nThe 1949\u201350 Maltese First Division was the 35th season of top-tier football in Malta. It was contested by 8 teams, and Floriana F.C. won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067260-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Manchester United F.C. season\nThe 1949\u201350 season was Manchester United's 48th season in the Football League. They finished fourth in the First Division and reached the Sixth Round Proper of the FA Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067260-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Manchester United F.C. season\nA notable acquisition by the club during this season was 18-year-old goalkeeper Ray Wood, who was signed from Darlington as manager Matt Busby looked to find a younger goalkeeper to provide competition for Jack Crompton and Reg Allen for the 1950s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067261-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Mansfield Town F.C. season\nThe 1949\u201350 season was Mansfield Town's 12th season in the Football League and eighth season in the Third Division North, they finished in 8th position with 48 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067262-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Mexican Primera Divisi\u00f3n season\nStatistics of the Primera Divisi\u00f3n de M\u00e9xico for the 1949\u201350 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067262-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Mexican Primera Divisi\u00f3n season, Overview\nIt was contested by 14 teams, and Veracruz won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 49], "content_span": [50, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067262-0002-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Mexican Primera Divisi\u00f3n season, Changes\nAfter this season Asturias, Club Espa\u00f1a, and Moctezuma retired from the league due to differences with the Federation. Necaxa, an old member and who didn't accept professionalism in 1943, re-joined for next season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067263-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team\nThe 1949\u201350 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team represented the University of Michigan in intercollegiate basketball during the 1949\u201350 season. The team finished the season in a tie for sixth place in the Big Ten Conference with an overall record of 11\u201311 and 4\u20138 against conference opponents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067263-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team\nErnie McCoy was in his second year as the team's head coach. Mack Supronowicz was the team's leading scorer with 278 points in 22 games for an average of 12.6 points per game. Chuck Murray was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067264-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Minneapolis Lakers season\nThe 1949\u201350 Minneapolis Lakers season was the second season for the franchise in the National Basketball Association (NBA). The Lakers repeated as NBA Champions, defeating the Syracuse Nationals in six games in the NBA Finals, making it (to date) the only franchise to win the championship in each of its first two NBA seasons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067265-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Montreal Canadiens season\nThe 1949\u201350 Montreal Canadiens season was the 41st season in club history. The team placed second in the regular season to qualify for the playoffs. The Canadiens lost in the semi-finals against New York Rangers four games to one.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067266-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 NBA season\nThe 1949\u201350 NBA season was the inaugural season of the National Basketball Association, which was created in 1949 by merger of the 3-year-old BAA and 12-year-old NBL. The postseason tournament (the 1950 NBA Playoffs) at its conclusion, ended with the Minneapolis Lakers winning the NBA Championship, beating the Syracuse Nationals 4 games to 2 in the NBA Finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067266-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 NBA season\nCommonly 1949\u201350 is counted as the fourth NBA season. It recognizes the three BAA seasons (1946\u201347, 1947\u201348 and 1948\u201349) as part of its own history, sometimes without comment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067266-0002-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 NBA season, Final standings\nIn this inaugural NBA season only, the ten surviving teams from 1948-49 BAA season played a heavy schedule of games with each other and a light schedule with the seven NBL participants in the merger that created the league, and vice versa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 35], "content_span": [36, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067266-0003-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 NBA season, Final standings, Eastern Division\nSyracuse played a heavy schedule of 44 games against Western Division teams: on average just over seven games each, same as they played each other (35 to 37 games against five Western rivals). The Western Division teams were generally weaker on the court; none of the teams there won half of its games played outside the division. Yet Syracuse won at the same 80% rate against the East and Central (16\u20134) as they did against the West (35\u20139).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 53], "content_span": [54, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067266-0004-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 NBA season, Final standings, Central Division\nTo define first and third place, the Lakers played one game against the Royals, while the Stags played one against the Pistons, preliminary to the 1950 NBA Playoffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 53], "content_span": [54, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067266-0005-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 NBA season, Final standings, Central Division\nThe five Central Division teams and five Eastern teams beside Syracuse \u2014 that is, the ten former BAA teams \u2013 uniformly played 68 games: six games in each pairing among themselves (54) and two games each against each of the Western teams and Syracuse (14).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 53], "content_span": [54, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067266-0006-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 NBA season, Final standings, Western Division\nThe six Western Division teams and Syracuse\u2014that is, the seven NBL participants in the merger\u2014uniformly played two games each against every one of the ten BAA 1949 teams, the East and Central teams except Syracuse (20 games each). They played seven or nine games in each pairing among themselves (at least 42 games).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 53], "content_span": [54, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067266-0007-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 NBA season, Statistics leaders\nNote: Prior to the 1969\u201370 season, league leaders in points and assists were determined by totals rather than averages.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 38], "content_span": [39, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067267-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 NCAA men's basketball rankings\nThe 1949\u201350 NCAA men's basketball rankings was made up of a single human poll \u2013 the AP Poll \u2013 with weekly editions released between January 5, 1950 and March 7, 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067268-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 NCAA men's basketball season\nThe 1949\u201350 NCAA men's basketball season began in December 1949, progressed through the regular season and conference tournaments, and concluded with the 1950 NCAA Basketball Tournament Championship Game on March 28, 1950, at Madison Square Garden in New York, New York. The City College of New York Beavers won their first NCAA national championship with a 71\u201368 victory over the Bradley Braves.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067268-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 NCAA men's basketball season, Coaching changes\nA number of teams changed coaches during the season and after it ended.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 54], "content_span": [55, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067269-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 NCAA men's ice hockey season\nThe 1949\u201350 NCAA Division I men's ice hockey season began in November 1949 and concluded with the 1950 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament's championship game on March 18, 1950 at the Broadmoor Ice Palace in Colorado Springs, Colorado. This was the 3rd season in which an NCAA ice hockey championship was held and is the 55th year overall where an NCAA school fielded a team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067269-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 NCAA men's ice hockey season\nArmy, who had been fielding an ice hockey team continually since 1904, elevated the program to major status in 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067269-0002-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 NCAA men's ice hockey season\nBoston University began to sponsor ice hockey as a sport again for this season and was selected as one of the two eastern representatives for the NCAA tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067269-0003-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 NCAA men's ice hockey season\nDenver's ice hockey program was started this year after the university finished construction of the DU Arena.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067269-0004-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 NCAA men's ice hockey season, Player stats, Scoring leaders\nThe following players led the league in points at the conclusion of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 67], "content_span": [68, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067269-0005-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 NCAA men's ice hockey season, Player stats, Scoring leaders\nGP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; PIM = Penalty minutes", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 67], "content_span": [68, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067269-0006-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 NCAA men's ice hockey season, Player stats, Leading goaltenders\nThe following goaltenders led the league in goals against average at the end of the regular season while playing at least 33% of their team's total minutes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 71], "content_span": [72, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067269-0007-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 NCAA men's ice hockey season, Player stats, Leading goaltenders\nGP = Games played; Min = Minutes played; W = Wins; L = Losses; OT = Overtime/shootout losses; GA = Goals against; SO = Shutouts; SV% = Save percentage; GAA = Goals against average", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 71], "content_span": [72, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067270-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 NHL season\nThe 1949\u201350 NHL season was the 33rd season of the National Hockey League. The Detroit Red Wings defeated the New York Rangers in seven games for the Stanley Cup. It was the Red Wings' fourth championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067270-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 NHL season, League business\nThe NHL decided to increase the number of games played from 60 to 70 games for each team. Each team played every other team 14 times. Goaltenders would no longer have to face a penalty shot if they took a major penalty. A team-mate could serve the penalty in the penalty box.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 35], "content_span": [36, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067270-0002-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 NHL season, League business\nIn June 1949, the NHL decided to henceforth paint the ice surface white. This was done by adding white paint to the water before freezing. Previously, the ice surface was just frozen water on concrete, which made a dull grey colour. By \"whitening\" the ice surface, it made seeing and following the puck much easier, especially on the relatively new medium of television.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 35], "content_span": [36, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067270-0003-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 NHL season, Regular season\nDetroit, led by the new Production Line of Lindsay, Abel and Howe won the regular season. The Production line led the league in scoring 1\u20132\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067270-0004-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 NHL season, Regular season, Highlights\nOn November 2, 1949, at Chicago Stadium, a rather serious brawl broke out in a game Chicago defeated Montreal 4\u20131. During the second period, some rinkside fans began to get on Montreal defenceman Ken Reardon, and when one fan grabbed his sweater, Reardon swung his stick and hit one of the rowdies. Leo Gravelle and Billy Reay joined in, and yet another fan climbed over the boards and challenged Reardon, but was forced back to his seat. When the game ended, police arrested Reardon, Reay and Gravelle. Later, the players were cleared when a judge ruled that the fans were the aggressors and overstepped the prerogatives as fans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 46], "content_span": [47, 677]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067270-0005-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 NHL season, Regular season, Highlights\nAfter Chicago defeated Toronto 6\u20133 on November 27, Conn Smythe told goaltender Turk Broda, \"I'm not running a fat man's team!\" and said that Broda would not play until he reduced his weight to 190\u00a0lb. At the time, Broda weighed almost 200. Al Rollins was purchased from Cleveland of the AHL and Gil Mayer was brought up for good measure. When he reached 189 pounds, Broda went back into the Toronto net and he gained his fourth shutout of the season December 3 and Maple Leaf fans cheered all of his 22 saves.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 46], "content_span": [47, 556]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067270-0006-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 NHL season, Regular season, Highlights\nAfter the Red Wings clobbered Chicago 9\u20132 on February 8, writer Lew Walter tried to interview Chicago coach Charlie Conacher. Conacher exploded in anger, criticized Walter's past stories and punched Walter, knocking him down to the floor. Walter announced that he would seek a warrant for Conacher's arrest. NHL president Clarence Campbell took a dim view of Conacher's actions and fined him $200. Conacher then phoned Walter and apologized, saying he regretted what had taken place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 46], "content_span": [47, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067270-0007-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 NHL season, Regular season, Highlights\nMontreal fans began to boo Bill Durnan, like they had in 1947\u201348, despite the fact he was the league's best goalkeeper, and in an interview, he stated he was going to retire at the end of the season. In reality, Durnan had been cut a number of times during the season, and at one point, had to take penicillin. It caused a high fever and he missed some action. Despite this, he recorded eight shutouts and won the Vezina Trophy for the sixth time in his seven-year career.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 46], "content_span": [47, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067270-0008-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 NHL season, Regular season, Highlights\nKen Reardon got himself into trouble when he made a statement to a magazine suggesting retribution to Cal Gardner, stating: \"I'm going to make sure that Gardner gets 14 stitches in his mouth. I may have to wait a long time, but I'll get even.\" On March 1, 1950, Clarence Campbell made Reardon post a $1,000 bond to make sure he did not carry out his threat. When the season ended, Reardon was refunded the $1,000, since he did not hurt Gardner as he said he would.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 46], "content_span": [47, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067270-0009-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 NHL season, Playoffs, Semifinals\nDetroit defeated Toronto in seven games to advance to the Finals; while New York defeated Montreal in five games to also advance to the Finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 40], "content_span": [41, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067270-0010-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 NHL season, Playoffs, Stanley Cup Finals\nTwo games were played in Toronto, with the rest in Detroit, as the circus had taken over Madison Square Garden in New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 48], "content_span": [49, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067270-0011-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 NHL season, Awards\nThis was the last season that the O'Brien Cup was awarded to the Stanley Cup runner up \u2013 in this season, the New York Rangers \u2013 as it went into retirement for the second and final time at season's end. (It was not awarded between 1917 and 1921)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 26], "content_span": [27, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067270-0012-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 NHL season, Player statistics, Scoring leaders\nNote: GP = Games played, G = Goals, A = Assists, PTS = Points, PIM = Penalties in minutes", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 54], "content_span": [55, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067270-0013-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 NHL season, Player statistics, Leading goaltenders\nNote: GP = Games played; Mins \u2013 Minutes Played; GA = Goals Against; GAA = Goals Against Average; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; SO = Shutouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 58], "content_span": [59, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067270-0014-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 NHL season, Debuts\nThe following is a list of players of note who played their first NHL game in 1949\u201350 (listed with their first team, asterisk(*) marks debut in playoffs):", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 26], "content_span": [27, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067270-0015-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 NHL season, Last games\nThe following is a list of players of note that played their last game in the NHL in 1949\u201350 (listed with their last team):", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 30], "content_span": [31, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067271-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 National Football League (Ireland)\nThe 1949\u201350 National Football League was the 19th staging of the National Football League (NFL), an annual Gaelic football tournament for the Gaelic Athletic Association county teams of Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067271-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 National Football League (Ireland)\nCavan beat Meath in the home final, to get revenge for defeat in the 1949 All-Ireland Final. For the first time, New York received a bye to the final, where they defeated the \"home\" champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067271-0002-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 National Football League (Ireland), Format\nTeams are placed into Divisions I, II, III and IV. The top team in each division reaches the home semi-finals. The winner of the home final plays New York in the NFL final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 50], "content_span": [51, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067272-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 National Hurling League\nThe 1949\u201350 National Hurling League was the 19th season of the National Hurling League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067272-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 National Hurling League, National Hurling League\nThe National Hurling League saw a major restructuring for the 1949-50 season. Division 1 and Division 2 were combined to form one division of four groups.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 56], "content_span": [57, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067272-0002-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 National Hurling League, National Hurling League\nTipperary came into the season as defending champions of the 1948-49 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 56], "content_span": [57, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067272-0003-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 National Hurling League, National Hurling League\nOn 24 September 1950, Tipperary won the title after a 1-12 to 3-4 win over New York in the final. It was their 3rd league title overall and their second in succession.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 56], "content_span": [57, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067273-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Nationalliga A, Overview\nIt was contested by 14 teams, and Servette FC Gen\u00e8ve won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 32], "content_span": [33, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067274-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Nationalliga A season\nThe 1949\u201350 Nationalliga A season was the 12th season of the Nationalliga A, the top level of ice hockey in Switzerland. Eight teams participated in the league, and HC Davos won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067275-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Nemzeti Bajnoks\u00e1g I, Overview\nIt was contested by 16 teams, and Budapest Honv\u00e9d FC won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067276-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Netherlands Football League Championship\nThe Netherlands Football League Championship 1949\u20131950 was contested by 60 teams participating in six divisions. The national champion would be determined by a play-off featuring the winners of the eastern, northern, two southern and two western football divisions of the Netherlands. SV Limburgia won this year's championship by beating Blauw-Wit Amsterdam, Maurits, Ajax, sc Heerenveen and Enschedese Boys.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067276-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Netherlands Football League Championship\nAt the end of this season, the KNVB re-aligned the current system of Regional Divisions into 5 new Divisions for 1950\u201351, to be called Eerste Klasse A-E.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067277-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 New York Knicks season\nThe 1949\u201350 New York Knicks season was the fourth season for the team in the National Basketball Association (NBA). In the regular season, the Knicks finished in second place in the Eastern Division, posting a 40\u201328 record and advancing to the NBA Playoffs. New York won its first round series against the Washington Capitols, 2\u20130, to make it to the Eastern Division Finals. There, the team was defeated two games to one by the Syracuse Nationals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067278-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 New York Rangers season\nThe 1949\u201350 New York Rangers season saw the Rangers finish in fourth place in the National Hockey League (NHL) with a record of 28 wins, 31 losses, and 11 ties for 67 points. They upset the Montreal Canadiens in five games in the Semi-finals before losing a close seven-game Stanley Cup Finals to the Detroit Red Wings. The team reached double-overtime of the seventh game of the Finals before Detroit's Pete Babando scored to give the Red Wings the Cup. The Rangers would not win another playoff series again until 1971.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067278-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 New York Rangers season\nAlso of note during this season was that the Rangers were forced to use Maple Leaf Gardens in Toronto, the home ice of the Toronto Maple Leafs, as their \"home ice\" during the Stanley Cup Finals, as the Ringling Brothers Barnum and Bailey Circus was then at Madison Square Garden. Garden management found that they could make more money having the circus at the Garden instead of the Rangers. Moreover, at the time, arenas could not be configured to host a circus and a hockey game on the same day, thus forcing the shift in venue.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067278-0002-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 New York Rangers season\nThe Rangers would not reach the Stanley Cup Finals again until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067278-0003-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 New York Rangers season, Playoffs, Stanley Cup Finals\nIt was the Rangers' first appearance in the Final since their Stanley Cup victory in 1940. Two games were played in Toronto as the circus had taken over Madison Square Garden in New York. New York's Don Raleigh scored two overtime winners and Detroit's Pete Babando scored the Cup-winning goal in overtime of game seven, the first time ever in which the stanley cup was won in extra frames in game seven. Detroit won the Cup without Gordie Howe, who was injured in the first game of the playoffs. As Stanley Cup runner-up, the Rangers would be awarded the O'Brien Cup, the last team to win the trophy, at one time the National Hockey Association championship trophy, which was retired after the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 61], "content_span": [62, 764]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067278-0004-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 New York Rangers season, Player statistics\n\u2020Denotes player spent time with another team before joining Rangers. Stats reflect time with Rangers only. \u2021Traded mid-season. Stats reflect time with Rangers only.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 50], "content_span": [51, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067279-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Newport County A.F.C. season\nThe 1949\u201350 season was Newport County's third consecutive season in the Third Division South since relegation from the Second Division at the end of the 1946\u201347 season. The club finished in a re-election place, but since the division was being expanded by two clubs they were re-elected without a vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067279-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Newport County A.F.C. season, League table\nNote: As the division was being expanded by two clubs, Newport County and Millwall were re-elected without a vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 50], "content_span": [51, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067280-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Northern Football League\nThe 1949\u201350 Northern Football League season was the 52nd in the history of the Northern Football League, a football competition in Northern England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067280-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Northern Football League, Clubs\nThe league featured 14 clubs which competed in the last season, no new clubs joined the league this season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 39], "content_span": [40, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067281-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Northern Rugby Football League season\nThe 1949\u201350 Rugby Football League season was the 55th season of rugby league football. First placed Wigan successfully defended a challenge from second placed Huddersfield in the play-off final to claim the Rugby Football League Championship. The Challenge Cup winners were Warrington who beat Widnes 19-0 in the final. Wigan won the Lancashire League, and Huddersfield won the Yorkshire League. Wigan beat Leigh 20\u20137 to win the Lancashire County Cup, and Bradford beat Huddersfield 11\u20134 to win the Yorkshire County Cup. Crowds peaked in 1949-50 with a record 69.8 million paying to watch rugby league matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 656]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067281-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Northern Rugby Football League season, Championship\nThis season the Rugby Football League Championship was determined by a final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 59], "content_span": [60, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067281-0002-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Northern Rugby Football League season, Championship, Play-offs\nThe top four finishing teams entered a play-off series which culminated in a final between Wigan and Huddersfield, but not before Wigan had to re-play and defeat Halifax, with whom they drew in their first play-off match. Wigan won the final, claiming their seventh Rugby Football League Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 70], "content_span": [71, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067281-0003-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Northern Rugby Football League season, Challenge Cup\nWarrington beat Widnes 19-0 in the final played at Wembley in front of a crowd of 94,249. This was Warrington\u2019s third Cup Final win in nine Final appearances. In the match Albert Naughton, at centre for Warrington opposed his older brother Johnny, who was in the Widnes second row. This was the second successive Final that the losing side had failed to score. The Warrington scrum-half Gerry Helme won the Lance Todd Trophy for man-of-the-match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 60], "content_span": [61, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067282-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Norwegian 1. Divisjon season\nThe 1949\u201350 Norwegian 1. Divisjon season was the 11th season of ice hockey in Norway. Eight team participated in the league, and Gamlebyen won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067283-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Norwegian Main League\nThe 1949\u20131950 Hovedserien was the 6th completed season of top division football in Norway.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067283-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Norwegian Main League, Overview\nIt was contested by 16 teams, and Fram Larvik won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067284-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 OB I bajnoksag season\nThe 1949\u201350 OB I bajnoks\u00e1g season was the 13th season of the OB I bajnoks\u00e1g, the top level of ice hockey in Hungary. Four teams participated in the league and Meteor Mallerd won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067285-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Oberliga\nThe 1949\u201350 Oberliga  was the fifth season of the Oberliga, the first tier of the football league system in West Germany. The league operated in six regional divisions, Berlin, North, South, Southwest (north and south) and West. The five league champions and runners-up as well as the third and fourth placed teams in the West and South and the third placed team in the Southwest and North entered the 1950 German football championship which was won by VfB Stuttgart. It was VfB Stuttgart's first-ever national championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 541]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067285-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Oberliga\nThe 1949\u201350 season was the last with clubs from East Berlin in the Oberliga, with VfB Pankow and Union Obersch\u00f6neweide leaving the league at the end of the season, thereby ending unified German league football for the next four decades. Union Obersch\u00f6neweide was replaced by the West Berlin club Union 06 Berlin, formed by former Obersch\u00f6neweide players who had moved to the West.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067285-0002-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Oberliga\nFor the Oberliga S\u00fcdwest, covering the whole of the French occupation zone in Germany, it was the last season of the league  being divided into two regional divisions, north and south. The clubs from the southern division re-joined the Southern German Football Association at the end of seasons with two clubs entering the Oberliga S\u00fcd for the following season, three clubs the 2. Oberliga S\u00fcd and the rest being relegated to the Amateurligas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067285-0003-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Oberliga\nA similar-named league, the DDR-Oberliga, existed in East Germany, set at the first tier of the East German football league system. The 1949\u201350 DDR-Oberliga, the inaugural season of the league, was won by ZSG Horch Zwickau.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067285-0004-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Oberliga, Oberliga Nord\nThe 1949\u201350 season saw three new clubs promoted to the league, Hannover 96, Harburger TB and VfB Oldenburg, while Holstein Kiel was re-admitted after initially having been forcibly relegated during the previous season. The league's top scorer was Adolf Vetter of VfL Osnabr\u00fcck with 28 goals, the third consecutive time he finished as top scorer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 31], "content_span": [32, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067285-0005-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Oberliga, Oberliga Berlin\nThe 1949\u201350 season saw three new clubs promoted to the league, Hertha BSC Berlin, VfB Britz and Tasmania 1900 Berlin. The league's top scorer was Heinz Rogge of Union Obersch\u00f6neweide with 29 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 33], "content_span": [34, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067285-0006-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Oberliga, Oberliga West\nThe 1949\u201350 season saw four new clubs promoted to the league, 1. FC K\u00f6ln, Arminia Bielefeld, FV Duisburg 08 and Duisburger SV. The league's top scorer was Alfred Prei\u00dfler of Borussia Dortmund with 24 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 31], "content_span": [32, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067285-0007-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Oberliga, Oberliga S\u00fcdwest, Northern group\nThe 1949\u201350 season saw four new clubs promoted to the league, VfR Kaiserslautern, ASV Landau, VfR Kirn and FV Engers. The league's top scorers were Werner Ba\u00dfler and Ottmar Walter of 1. FC Kaiserslautern with 45 goals each, the highest total for the Oberliga's in 1949\u201350.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 50], "content_span": [51, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067285-0008-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Oberliga, Oberliga S\u00fcdwest, Southern group\nThe 1949\u201350 season saw five new clubs promoted to the league, FV Kuppenheim, FV Lahr, SV Trossingen SV Hechingen and TV Ebingen. The division was disbanded at the end of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 50], "content_span": [51, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067285-0009-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Oberliga, Oberliga S\u00fcdwest, Final\nThe winners of the two regional divisions of the Oberliga S\u00fcdwest played a final to determine the league champion who was also directly qualified for the German championship:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 41], "content_span": [42, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067285-0010-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Oberliga, Oberliga S\u00fcdwest, Final\nThe runners-up of the two divisions determined the club who would face the loser of the championship final for the second place in the German championship:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 41], "content_span": [42, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067285-0011-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Oberliga, Oberliga S\u00fcdwest, Final\nThe third-placed teams of the two divisions determined the club who would face the loser of the second-place final for the third place in the German championship:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 41], "content_span": [42, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067285-0012-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Oberliga, Oberliga S\u00fcd\nThe 1949\u201350 season saw two new clubs promoted to the league, SpVgg F\u00fcrth and Jahn Regensburg. The league's top scorer was Horst Schade of SpVgg F\u00fcrth with 21 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 30], "content_span": [31, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067285-0013-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Oberliga, German championship\nThe 1950 German football championship was contested by the eight qualified Oberliga teams and won by VfB Stuttgart, defeating Kickers Offenbach in the final. It was the last edition with sixteen clubs in the championship playing a knock-out format. From 1951 onwards the finals were played with eight clubs and in group stages.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 37], "content_span": [38, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067286-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Oberliga (ice hockey) season\nThe 1949-50 Oberliga season was the second season of the Oberliga, the top level of ice hockey in Germany. Eight teams participated in the league, and SC Riessersee won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067287-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Panhellenic Championship\nThe 1949\u201350 Panhellenic Championship was not held, due to increased obligations of the Greek national team to qualify and participate in the Mediterranean Cup. Only the Athenian, Piraeus' and Macedonian championships were held, in which AEK Athens, Olympiacos and PAOK, respectively finished first. The point system was: Win: 3 points - Draw: 2 points - Loss: 1 point.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067288-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Philadelphia Warriors season\nThe 1949\u201350 Philadelphia Warriors season was the fourth season for the team in the National Basketball Association (NBA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067289-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Polska Liga Hokejowa season\nThe 1949\u201350 Polska Liga Hokejowa season was the 15th season of the Polska Liga Hokejowa, the top level of ice hockey in Poland. Four teams participated in the final round, and KTH Krynica won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067290-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Port Vale F.C. season\nThe 1949\u201350 season was Port Vale's 38th season of football in the English Football League, and their fifth full season in the Third Division South. It was the last season to be played at The Old Recreation Ground \u2013 despite numerous clashes with the authorities over the construction of the new stadium. The sale of Ronnie Allen raised a massive \u00a320,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067290-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Third Division South\nThe pre-season saw the arrival of experienced full-back Lol Hamlett from Bolton Wanderers, and young keeper Ray King from Leyton Orient (brother of George). On his arrival King stated that The Old Recreation Ground was like 'some shanty town out west' and compared the dressing room to 'a dungeon', despite which somehow he 'felt completely at home'. The playing staff now stood at 59 amateurs and 27 full-time professionals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 61], "content_span": [62, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067290-0002-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Third Division South\nThe season opened with a 1\u20130 win over Bristol Rovers, which was followed by a 1\u20130 reverse to Southend United at Roots Hall three days later. This loss was thanks to an own goal from Garth Butler, who put the ball into his own net despite being some distance from any Southend players. A seven match unbeaten run followed, built upon a defence that leaked just five goals, King and Hamlett settling in well.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 61], "content_span": [62, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067290-0002-0001", "contents": "1949\u201350 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Third Division South\nBad news off the field returned however, when Stoke-on-Trent City Council rejected the club's application to move two stands from The Old Rec to the new stadium. As a result, the club set up a 100,000 Shilling Fund to build the two stands from scratch. On the pitch results began to turn against the \"Valiants\", and so striker Cliff Pinchbeck was signed from Brighton & Hove Albion for a \u00a33,500 fee. Pinchbeck marked his debut with a hat-trick over Millwall, receiving a standing ovation from his new fans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 61], "content_span": [62, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067290-0002-0002", "contents": "1949\u201350 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Third Division South\nMore off-field stadium troubles came when the Regional Officer of the Minister of Works refused a licence for the stadium on unspecified grounds. Club officials were forced to travel to London to discuss the matter with the minister, eventually convincing him to change his mind. The home match with Newport County on 15 October was notable as the first Vale match to offer a matchday programme.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 61], "content_span": [62, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067290-0003-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Third Division South\nA successful Christmas period took Vale into sixth place by mid-February. George King was then sold to Barrow for a four-figure fee, after which Pinchbeck was the only regular scorer. Six games without a win followed, ending the club's hopes of opening the new stadium in the Second Division. The Shilling Fund had only raised 17,738 shillings, and so Ronnie Allen was sold to top-flight West Bromwich Albion for a massive \u00a320,000, smashing the club's transfer record. Allen went on to play for England, whilst the fee went towards the new ground. Back to the league, the Vale were seventh at the start of April, but six defeats in their final eight games saw them tumble down the table.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 61], "content_span": [62, 749]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067290-0004-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Third Division South\nThey finished in thirteenth place with 41 points. The defence was the third strongest in the division, however only Watford scored fewer goals. Pinchbeck was the only goalscorer of any consistency.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 61], "content_span": [62, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067290-0005-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Finances\nOn the financial side, a profit of \u00a310,671 was made, another record, this was due to the sale of Allen which gave them a transfer credit of \u00a315,000. The wage bill had risen by \u00a36,000 to \u00a322,333, whereas gate receipts had risen by around \u00a33,000 to \u00a329,050. Eric Eastwood was the only major departure of the summer. Trouble with the new ground continued, as the Regional Officer of the Ministry of Works refused to permit the transfer of the stand from the old to the new stadium, despite having approved similar procedures at Liverpool and Millwall. Chairman William Holdcroft felt this was unfair, and was supported by Stoke-on-Trent North MP Albert Davies. Despite this set-back the stadium was opened on 2 August in a ceremony attended by 12,000 rain-soaked people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 49], "content_span": [50, 817]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067290-0006-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Cup competitions\nIn the FA Cup, Vale progressed past Athenian League amateurs Wealdstone and Tranmere Rovers of the Third Division North with 1\u20130 home wins. Beating Newport County at Somerton Park with a Ronnie Allen brace, they came up against First Division Burnley in the Fourth Round at Turf Moor. There they lost 2\u20131 in front of 49,692 spectators \u2013 12,000 of which were Vale fans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067291-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Portsmouth F.C. season\nThis article is about Portsmouth Football Club when they were league champions of 1949\u201350. They have not been champions of England since 1950. The club retained the title they won in 1948\u201349, beating Aston Villa 5\u20131 on the last day of the season, and are thus one of only five English teams to have won back-to-back titles since World War II.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067292-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Primeira Divis\u00e3o\nThe 1949\u201350 Primeira Divis\u00e3o was the sixteenth season of top-tier football in Portugal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067292-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Primeira Divis\u00e3o, Overview\nIt was contested by 14 teams, and S.L. Benfica won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067293-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Princeton Tigers men's basketball team\nThe 1949\u201350 Princeton Tigers men's basketball team represented Princeton University in intercollegiate college basketball during the 1949\u201350 NCAA men's basketball season. The head coach was Franklin Cappon and the team captain was Bernard Adams. The team played its home games in the Dillon Gymnasium on the university campus in Princeton, New Jersey. The team was the winner of the Eastern Intercollegiate Basketball League (EIBL). The team recovered from an early seven-game losing streak leaving it with a 1\u20137 record and posted a 14\u20139 overall record and an 11\u20131 conference record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 630]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067294-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Rangers F.C. season\nThe 1949\u201350 season was the 70th season of competitive football by Rangers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067294-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Rangers F.C. season, Overview\nRangers played a total of 47 competitive matches during the 1949\u201350 season. The side won the league with a one-point lead over second placed Hibernian, after winning 22 of the 30 matches. The side also recorded an unbeaten home record in the league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067294-0002-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Rangers F.C. season, Overview\nIn the cup competitions Rangers were successful. The Scottish Cup was won thanks to a 3\u20130 win over East Fife with goals from Willie Findlay and a brace from Willie Thornton. The club exited the League Cup at the semi-final stage to East Fife.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067295-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Ranji Trophy\nThe 1949\u201350 Ranji Trophy was the 16th season of the Ranji Trophy. Baroda won the title defeating Holkar in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067295-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Ranji Trophy, Final\nBaroda entered the final for the third successive season, following a win against Holkar in the 1947\u201348 season and a loss to Bombay in 1948\u201349 edition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 27], "content_span": [28, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067296-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Real Madrid CF season\nThe 1949\u201350 season was Real Madrid Club de F\u00fatbol's 47th season in existence and the club's 18th consecutive season in the top flight of Spanish football.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067296-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Real Madrid CF season, Summary\nDuring summer basque goalkeeper Juan Alonso arrived to the club from Ferrol along with him defender Joaquin Navarro was bought to Sabadell Shockingly the squad lost the 1950 Copa del General\u00edsimo Semi-finals stage 3\u20135 against underdogs Real Valladolid. Michael Keeping managed the team towards the first spot on round 8 and remained here until round 20, then the squad collapsed for the final rounds closing on the 4th place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 464]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067296-0002-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Real Madrid CF season, Squad\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 36], "content_span": [37, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067297-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Rochdale A.F.C. season\nThe 1949\u201350 season saw Rochdale compete for their 22nd season in the Football League Third Division North.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067298-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Rochester Royals season\nThe 1949\u201350 NBA season was the second season for the Rochester Royals in the National Basketball Association (NBA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067299-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Romanian Hockey League season\nThe 1949\u201350 Romanian Hockey League season was the 20th season of the Romanian Hockey League. Four teams participated in the league, and RATA Targu Mures won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067300-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Rugby Union County Championship\nThe 1949\u201350 Rugby Union County Championship was the 50th edition of England's premier rugby union club competition at the time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067300-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Rugby Union County Championship\nCheshire won the competition for the first time after defeating East Midlands in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067301-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 SK Rapid Wien season\nThe 1949\u201350 SK Rapid Wien season was the 52nd season in club history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067302-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 SM-sarja season\nThe 1949\u201350 SM-sarja season was the 19th season of the SM-sarja, the top level of ice hockey in Finland. Eight teams participated in the league, and Ilves Tampere won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067303-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Scottish Cup\nThe 1949\u201350 Scottish Cup was the 65th staging of Scotland's most prestigious football knockout competition. The Cup was won by Rangers who defeated East Fife in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067304-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Scottish Districts season\nThe 1949\u201350 Scottish Districts season is a record of all the rugby union matches for Scotland's district teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067305-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Scottish Division A\nThe 1949\u201350 Scottish Division A was won by Rangers by one point over nearest rival Hibernian. Queen of the South and Stirling Albion finished 15th and 16th respectively and were relegated to the 1950\u201351 Scottish Division B.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067305-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Scottish Division A\nRangers won the league with a 2\u20132 draw in their last match, away to Third Lanark, a game in which Rangers took a 2\u20130 lead before Thirds fought back to 2\u20132. Another goal for Third Lanark would have handed the title to Hibernian. A few days previously, Rangers had drawn 0\u20130 with Hibs at Ibrox before a crowd of 101,000, the largest crowd to watch a League match in Britain since the war, a record that still stands. Had Hibs won this match they would have become champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067306-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Scottish Division B\nThe 1949\u201350 Scottish Division B was won by Morton who, along with second placed Airdrieonians, were promoted to Division A. Alloa Athletic finished bottom.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067308-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Scottish League Cup\nThe 1949\u201350 Scottish League Cup was the fourth season of Scotland's second football knockout competition. The competition was won by East Fife, who defeated Dunfermline Athletic in the Final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067309-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n\nThe 1949\u201350 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n season was the 19th since its establishment and was played between 3 September 1949 and 30 April 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067309-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n, Overview before the season\n32 teams joined the league, including two relegated from the 1948\u201349 La Liga and 18 promoted from the 1948\u201349 Tercera Divisi\u00f3n.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067311-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Serie A (ice hockey) season\nThe 1949\u201350 Serie A season was the 17th season of the Serie A, the top level of ice hockey in Italy. Nine teams participated in the league, and HC Milan Inter won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067312-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Serie B\nThe Serie B 1949\u201350 was the eighteenth tournament of this competition played in Italy since its creation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067312-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Serie B, Teams\nFanfulla, Udinese, Prato and Catania had been promoted from Serie C, while Livorno and Modena had been relegated from Serie A.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 22], "content_span": [23, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067312-0002-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Serie B, Events\nA provisional fifth relegation was added to reduce the league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 23], "content_span": [24, 86]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067313-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Serie C\nThe 1949\u201350 Serie C was the twelfth edition of Serie C, the third highest league in the Italian football league system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067313-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Serie C\nTo reduce the groups into an 18-team formula, additional relegations were added during the season. However, the plan was later partially postponed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067314-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Sheboygan Red Skins season\nThe 1949\u201350 NBA season was the only season for the Sheboygan Red Skins in the National Basketball Association (NBA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067314-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Sheboygan Red Skins season, Playoffs, West Division Semifinals\n(1) Indianapolis Olympians vs. (4) Sheboygan Red Skins: Olympians win series 2-1", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 70], "content_span": [71, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067314-0002-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Sheboygan Red Skins season, Playoffs, West Division Semifinals\nThis was the first playoff meeting between the Olympians and Red Skins.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 70], "content_span": [71, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067315-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Sheffield Shield season\nThe 1949\u201350 Sheffield Shield season was the 48th season of the Sheffield Shield, the domestic first-class cricket competition of Australia. New South Wales won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067316-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Southern Football League\nThe 1949\u201350 Southern Football League season was the 47th in the history of the league, an English football competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067316-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Southern Football League\nThe league consisted of 24 clubs, including all 22 clubs from the previous season, and two newly elected clubs - Headington United and Weymouth. Merthyr Tydfil were champions, winning their second Southern League title. At the end of the season the Football League expanded from 88 to 92 clubs. Six Southern League clubs applied to join, with Colchester United and Gillingham succeeding.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067316-0002-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Southern Football League, Football League elections\nAs the Football League's Division Three South was expanded from 20 to 22 clubs, no League clubs put up for re-election, but two places were available for non-League clubs. Six Southern League clubs applied, with Gillingham and Colchester United topping the ballot, despite Merthyr winning the league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 59], "content_span": [60, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067317-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Soviet League season\nThe 1949\u201350 Soviet Championship League season was the fourth season of the Soviet Championship League, the top level of ice hockey in the Soviet Union. 12 teams participated in the league, and CDKA Moscow won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067318-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Spartan League\nThe 1949\u201350 Spartan League season was the 32nd in the history of Spartan League. The league consisted of 14 teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067318-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Spartan League, League table\nThe division featured 14 teams, 12 from last season and 2 new teams:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 36], "content_span": [37, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067319-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 St. Francis Terriers men's basketball team\nThe 1949\u201350 St. Francis Terriers men's basketball team represented St. Francis College during the 1949\u201350 NCAA men's basketball season. The team was coached by Daniel Lynch, who was in his second year at the helm of the St. Francis Terriers. The team was a member of the Metropolitan New York Conference and played their home games at the Bulter Street Gymnasium in their Cobble Hill, Brooklyn campus and at the II Corps Artillery Armory in Park Slope, Brooklyn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067319-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 St. Francis Terriers men's basketball team\nLast season the Terriers were the first team in the New York City area to have a basketball game televised, and this season the Terriers had six games televised on WPIX and WOR-TV  from the II Corps Artillery Armory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067319-0002-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 St. Francis Terriers men's basketball team, National Catholic Invitation Tournament\nOriginally the tournament was to take place at Loyola College in Baltimore, MD from March 15 to March 22 and feature sixteen teams. Yet, because of segregation and protest from St. Francis College about the unequal treatment of its black players, the tournament was moved to Albany, NY and featured eight teams. Creighton was favored to win the tournament, although they had a 13-13 record going into the tournament the Bluejays had the toughest schedule of the eight competing teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 91], "content_span": [92, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067320-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 St. Louis Bombers season\nThe 1949\u201350 NBA season was the fourth and final season for the Bombers in the National Basketball Association. The franchise ceased operations after the season, and the St. Louis market would be left without an NBA team until 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067321-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Stoke City F.C. season\nThe 1949\u201350 season was Stoke City's 43rd season in the Football League and the 29th in the First Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067321-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Stoke City F.C. season\nIn June 1949, Stoke legend Freddie Steele left after 17 years with the club, scoring 159 goals. Stoke failed to find a suitable replacement, struggled throughout the season and ended up in a relegation battle. There was no end of season improvement in results and Stoke only stayed up due to the poor form of the relegated bottom two Birmingham City and Manchester City.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067321-0002-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Stoke City F.C. season, Season review, League\nWith Freddie Steele now moved on to Mansfield Town, the simmering unrest continued with Neil Franklin eager to move his family away from the Stoke-on-Trent area for health reasons. The local air at this time was far from clean due to the pottery industry at its peak and with kilns belching out smoke and fumes. With Steele gone manager Bob McGrory searched for a replacement and went out and spent \u00a33,000 on Verdi Godwin from Manchester City, hoping that he would help the club find their goalscoring touch.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067321-0003-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Stoke City F.C. season, Season review, League\nFranklin re-signed for the club in time for the 1949\u201350 season and his presence bolstered the defence whilst the forward line was struggling. By the end of October Stoke had just two wins to their name and were in deep relegation trouble so McGrory smashed the club's transfer record by paying \u00a39,000 to Celtic for Leslie Johnston. However whilst Johnston was a fine footballer in Scotland he was not really up to the standard in English football and although he scored 22 goals in 92 games he was not the right player for the number 9 shirt. On 15 October Frank Baker broke his leg for the fifth time in two years and he decided to retire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 694]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067321-0004-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Stoke City F.C. season, Season review, League\nBy January, there had been a modest improvement in performances out on the pitch and McGrory made his best signing for some time, persuading Freddie Steele who was now player-manager at Mansfield to part with young up and coming forward Harry Oscroft, Stoke handing over \u00a38,000 plus Verdi Godwin who scored just twice in 23 matches. Soon after Oscroft's arrival, Stoke's defence started to leak goals and FA Cup finalists Arsenal put six past them at Highbury without a Stoke reply. Stoke managed just three points from their remaining eight matches this season and narrowly avoided relegation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 648]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067321-0005-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Stoke City F.C. season, Season review, FA Cup\n47,000 fans saw Stoke's cup run end at the third round losing 1\u20130 at home to Second Division Tottenham Hotspur.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067322-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Sussex County Football League\nThe 1949\u201350 Sussex County Football League season was the 25th in the history of the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067322-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Sussex County Football League, Clubs\nThe league featured 14 clubs, 13 which competed in the last season, along with one new club:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 44], "content_span": [45, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067323-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Svenska m\u00e4sterskapet (men's handball)\nThe 1949\u201350 Svenska m\u00e4sterskapet was the 19th season of Svenska m\u00e4sterskapet, a tournament held to determine the Swedish Champions of men's handball. The tournament was contested by all Allsvenskan teams and all District Champions, along with invited teams from Division II. 32 teams competed in the tournament. IFK Liding\u00f6 were the defending champions, but were eliminated by V\u00e4ster\u00e5s HF in the First Round. IK Heim won the title, defeating \u00d6rebro SK in the final. The semifinals and final were played on 25\u201326 March in \u00d6rebro. The final was watched by 1,857 spectators.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 617]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067323-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Svenska m\u00e4sterskapet (men's handball), Champions\nThe following players for IK Heim received a winner's medal: Gunnar Brusberg, Kurt Karlsson, Elof Kjellman (1), Rolf Zachrisson (2), Lennart Lindgren, Folke Fredriksson (2), Gunnar Holmqvist (3), Rolf Andreasson, Rolf Olsson (1), Bernt Berndtsson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 56], "content_span": [57, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067324-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Swedish Division I season\nThe 1949\u201350 Swedish Division I season was the sixth season of Swedish Division I. Sodertalje SK defeated Hammarby IF in the league final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067325-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Swedish football Division 2\nStatistics of Swedish football Division 2 for the 1949\u201350 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067325-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Swedish football Division 2, League standings, Division 2 Nord\u00f6stra 1949\u201350\nTeams from a large part of northern Sweden, approximately above the province of Medelpad, were not allowed to play in the national league system until the 1953\u201354 season, and a championship was instead played to decide the best team in Norrland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 83], "content_span": [84, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067326-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Swedish football Division 3\nStatistics of Swedish football Division 3 for the 1949\u201350 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067327-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Syracuse Nationals season\nThe 1949\u201350 Syracuse Nationals season was the 1st season for the franchise in the National Basketball Association (NBA). The Nationals played their previous three seasons in the National Basketball League, which merged with the Basketball Association of America to form the NBA. Al Cervi, nicknamed \"Digger\" for his superior defensive skills, guided the team with his competitive nature while serving as a player-coach. As the Syracuse Post-Standard describes, \"The Nationals shot poorly but succeeded because they played Cervi-style basketball: nasty, with an emphasis on defense.\" The Nationals went to the NBA Finals after beating the Philadelphia Warriors and New York Knicks, but lost to the Minneapolis Lakers in six games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 763]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067328-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Tercera Divisi\u00f3n\nThe 1949\u201350 Tercera Divisi\u00f3n was the 14th edition of the Spanish third national tier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067329-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Toronto Maple Leafs season\nThe 1949\u201350 Toronto Maple Leafs season was Toronto's 33rd season in the National Hockey League (NHL).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067330-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Tottenham Hotspur F.C. season\nThe 1949\u201350 season saw Tottenham win the Second Division and gain promotion back to the First Division. Spurs also completed in the FA Cup and made it to the Fifth round only to be knocked out by Everton at Goodison Park.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067330-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Tottenham Hotspur F.C. season\nThis was Arthur Rowe's first season after being appointed Tottenham manager. He used the push-and-run system which provided much success with a 23-game unbeaten run.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067330-0002-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Tottenham Hotspur F.C. season, Squad\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 44], "content_span": [45, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067331-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Tri-Cities Blackhawks season\nThe 1949\u201350 season was the Tri-Cities Blackhawks' fourth season of play and first in the National Basketball Association (NBA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067331-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Tri-Cities Blackhawks season, Regular season\nOn October 29th, the Blackhawks defeated the Denver Nuggets in the first ever NBA game following the NBL\u2013BAA merger.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067332-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 UCLA Bruins men's basketball team\nThe 1949\u201350 UCLA Bruins men's basketball team represented the University of California, Los Angeles during the 1949\u201350 NCAA men's basketball season and were members of the Pacific Coast Conference. The Bruins were led by second year head coach John Wooden. They finished the regular season with a record of 24\u20137 and were southern division champions with a record of 10\u20132. They defeated the Washington State Cougars in the conference play-offs and lost to Bradley in the NCAA regional semifinals and BYU in the regional consolation game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067332-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 UCLA Bruins men's basketball team, Previous season\nThe Bruins finished the season 22\u20137 overall and won the PCC South Division with a record of 10\u20132. The Bruins lost to Oregon State in the conference play-offs and were ranked 15 in the final ap poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 58], "content_span": [59, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067333-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 USM Alger season\nIn the 1949\u201350 season, USM Alger is competing in the First Division for the 13th season French colonial era, as well as the Forconi Cup. They competing in First Division, and the Forconi Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067333-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 USM Alger season, Squad information, Goalscorers\nIncludes all competitive matches. The list is sorted alphabetically by surname when total goals are equal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 56], "content_span": [57, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067334-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 USM Blida season\nIn the 1949\u201350 season, USM Blida is competing in the Division Honneur for the 17th season French colonial era, as well as the Forconi Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067334-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 USM Blida season, Squad statistics\nStatistics for 11 games only and 11 games does Its figures.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 42], "content_span": [43, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067334-0002-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 USM Blida season, Players statistics\nStatistics for 21 games only and 1 games does Its figures.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 44], "content_span": [45, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067334-0003-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 USM Blida season, Players statistics, Goalscorers\nIncludes all competitive matches. The list is sorted alphabetically by surname when total goals are equal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 57], "content_span": [58, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067335-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 United States network television schedule\nThe following is the 1949\u201350 network television schedule for the four major English language commercial broadcast networks in the United States. The schedule covers primetime hours from September 1949 through March 1950. The schedule is followed by a list per network of returning series, new series, and series cancelled after the 1948\u201349 season. This was the first season in which all four networks offered at least some prime time programming all seven nights of the week.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067335-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 United States network television schedule\nThe schedule below reflects the fall lineup as it all settled into place throughout October 1949, before any subsequent time changes were made and additional new series appeared in November.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067335-0002-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 United States network television schedule\nNotable debuts during the season included The Plainclothesman with its unusual camera work, the popular The Lone Ranger (which is one of the few 1940s television series to be given a DVD release), The Ed Wynn Show (a short-lived series featuring popular performers as guests and the first variety show from the West Coast), and the unsuccessful series The Life of Riley, one of the first sitcoms to be produced on film as opposed to live transmission.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067335-0002-0001", "contents": "1949\u201350 United States network television schedule\nContinuing from the prior season were the highly popular variety series Toast of the Town, the critically well-received and popular anthology series Studio One, the critically panned but popular Captain Video and His Video Rangers which was one of the earliest sci-fi TV series, the well received by critics and viewers anthology series Kraft Television Theater, the popular Kukla, Fran and Ollie, and the popular in some regions drama/comedy The Goldbergs (which is also one of the few 1940s television series to be given a DVD release).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 588]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067335-0003-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 United States network television schedule, Fall Schedule, Monday\nNotes: Beginning July 18, 1949, The Magic Cottage aired on DuMont Monday through Friday from 6:30 to 7:00 p.m. Eastern Time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 72], "content_span": [73, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067335-0004-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 United States network television schedule, Fall Schedule, Monday\nOn NBC, The Black Robe aired at various times on Mondays from August through October 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 72], "content_span": [73, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067335-0005-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 United States network television schedule, Fall Schedule, Tuesday\nNotes: Beginning July 18, 1949, The Magic Cottage aired on DuMont Monday through Friday from 6:30 to 7:00 p.m. Eastern Time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 73], "content_span": [74, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067335-0006-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 United States network television schedule, Fall Schedule, Wednesday\nNotes: Beginning July 18, 1949, The Magic Cottage aired on DuMont Monday through Friday from 6:30 to 7:00 p.m. Eastern Time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 75], "content_span": [76, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067335-0007-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 United States network television schedule, Fall Schedule, Thursday\nNotes: Beginning July 18, 1949, The Magic Cottage aired on DuMont Monday through Friday from 6:30 to 7:00 p.m. Eastern Time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 74], "content_span": [75, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067335-0008-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 United States network television schedule, Fall Schedule, Thursday\nOn NBC, The Black Robe aired from 8:00 to 8:30 p.m. Eastern Time from January to March 1950. The Wayne King Show was seen only on NBC's Midwest Network.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 74], "content_span": [75, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067335-0009-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 United States network television schedule, Fall Schedule, Friday\nNotes: Beginning July 18, 1949, The Magic Cottage aired on DuMont Monday through Friday from 6:30 to 7:00 p.m. Eastern Time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 72], "content_span": [73, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067335-0010-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 United States network television schedule, Fall Schedule, Saturday\nNotes: In the half-hour preceding prime time, ABC aired one of the first television westerns, The Marshal of Gunsight Pass, with 22 live episodes between March 12 and September 30, 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 74], "content_span": [75, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067335-0011-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 United States network television schedule, Fall Schedule, Saturday\nFrom January 28 to July 29, 1950, Dinner Date With Vincent Lopez aired Saturdays from 8 to 8:30pm ET on DuMont.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 74], "content_span": [75, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067335-0012-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 United States network television schedule, Fall Schedule, Saturday\nOn NBC, The Black Robe aired from 10:00 to 10:30 p.m. on Saturday from November to December 1949 after airing at various times on Monday from August to October 1949. Your Show of Shows premiered at 9:00 p.m. ET on Saturday, February 25, 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 74], "content_span": [75, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067335-0013-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 United States network television schedule, By network, NBC\nNote: The * indicates that the program was introduced in midseason.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 66], "content_span": [67, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067336-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 United States network television schedule (daytime)\nTalk shows are highlighted in  yellow, local programming is white, reruns of prime-time programming are orange, game shows are pink, soap operas are chartreuse, news programs are gold and all others are light blue. New series are highlighted in bold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067336-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 United States network television schedule (daytime)\nAll Monday\u2013Friday Shows for all networks beginning in September 1949. In many cases, during hours when \"Local Programming\"is listed, stations may have been running test patterns or might have been off the air.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067336-0002-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 United States network television schedule (daytime)\nNOTE: This page is missing info on the DuMont Network, which started daytime transmission before any other United States television network.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067337-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 WIHL season\n1949\u201350 was the fourth season of the Western International Hockey League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 93]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067337-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 WIHL season, League Championship final\nSpokane Flyers beat Trail Smoke Eaters 3 wins to 1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 46], "content_span": [47, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067337-0002-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 WIHL season, League Championship final\nNote: Spokane Flyers were not eligible for the Allan Cup so the Trail Smoke Eaters advanced to the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 46], "content_span": [47, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067337-0003-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 WIHL season, Semi final\nKimberley Dynamiters beat Nelson Maple Leafs 3 wins to none.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 31], "content_span": [32, 92]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067337-0004-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 WIHL season, Final\nTrail Smoke Eaters beat Kimberley Dynamiters 3 wins to 2.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 26], "content_span": [27, 84]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067337-0005-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 WIHL season, Final\nTrail Smoke Eaters advanced to the 1949-50 British Columbia Senior Playoffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 26], "content_span": [27, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067338-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Washington Capitols season\nThe 1949\u201350 NBA season was the fourth season of the Washington Capitols in the National Basketball Association (NBA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067338-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Washington Capitols season, Playoffs, East Division Semifinals\n(2) New York Knicks vs. (3) Washington Capitols: Knicks win series 2-0", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 70], "content_span": [71, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067338-0002-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Washington Capitols season, Playoffs, East Division Semifinals\nLast playoff meeting: 1949 Eastern Division Finals (Washington won 2-1)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 70], "content_span": [71, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067339-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Washington Huskies men's basketball team\nThe 1949\u201350 Washington Huskies men's basketball team represented the University of Washington for the 1949\u201350 NCAA college basketball season. Led by third-year head coach Art McLarney, the Huskies were members of the Pacific Coast Conference and played their home games on campus at Hec Edmundson Pavilion in Seattle, Washington.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067339-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Washington Huskies men's basketball team\nThe Huskies were 19\u201310 overall in the regular season and 8\u20138 in conference play, tied for second place in the Northern division. Washington swept the final two games of the season (with Oregon State) to pull even with the Beavers and take the season series, three games to one.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067339-0002-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Washington Huskies men's basketball team\nMcLarney resigned after the season due to ill health, and was succeeded in early June by Tippy Dye, the head coach at Ohio State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067340-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Washington State Cougars men's basketball team\nThe 1949\u201350 Washington State Cougars men's basketball team represented Washington State College for the 1949\u201350 college basketball season. Led by 22nd-year head coach Jack Friel, the Cougars were members of the Pacific Coast Conference and played their home games on campus at Bohler Gymnasium in Pullman, Washington.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067340-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Washington State Cougars men's basketball team\nThe Cougars were 19\u201311 overall in the regular season and 11\u20135 in conference play, first place in Northern division. They met Southern division winner UCLA in a best-of-three series in Los Angeles for the PCC title, which the seventh-ranked Bruins swept in two games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067340-0002-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Washington State Cougars men's basketball team\nWashington State's next winning record in conference play came seventeen years later, in the 1966\u201367 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067341-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Waterloo Hawks season\nThe 1949\u201350 Waterloo Hawks season was their first and only season in the newly formed National Basketball Association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067342-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Welsh Cup\nThe 1949\u201350 FAW Welsh Cup is the 63rd season of the annual knockout tournament for competitive football teams in Wales.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067342-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Welsh Cup, Fifth round\nSeven winners from the Fourth round and eleven new clubs. Caernarvon Town get a bye to the Sixth round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067342-0002-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Welsh Cup, Sixth round\nOne winner from the Fifth round and Caernarvon Town. Seven other clubs get a bye to the Seventh round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067342-0003-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Welsh Cup, Seventh round\nOne winner from the Sixth round plus seven clubs who get a bye in the previous round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 32], "content_span": [33, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067343-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Western Football League\nThe 1949\u201350 season was the 48th in the history of the Western Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067343-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Western Football League\nThis was the first and only season in the history of the Western League in which it consisted of three divisions. Division Three was created largely from reserve sides of existing members, but was abandoned at the end of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067343-0002-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Western Football League\nThe champions for the first time in their history were Wells City, and the winners of Division Two were new club Barnstaple Town. Bideford Town won Division Three, only dropping one point.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067343-0003-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Western Football League, Final tables, Division One\nDivision One remained at eighteen members with two clubs promoted to replace Clevedon and Bristol City Colts, who were relegated to Division Two. Weymouth had moved up to the Southern League and were replaced in Division One by their Reserves.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 59], "content_span": [60, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067343-0004-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Western Football League, Final tables, Division Two\nDivision Two remained at eighteen clubs, after Cheltenham Town Reserves and Chippenham United were promoted to Division One, and RAF Melksham left the league. Three new clubs joined:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 59], "content_span": [60, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067343-0005-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Western Football League, Final tables, Division Three\nDivision Three consisted of eleven clubs, all of which were new to the Western League except Bristol Rovers \"A\", this side rejoining the league having left in 1939. Seven of the other ten clubs were reserve sides of clubs in Divisions One and Two.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 61], "content_span": [62, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067344-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Western Kentucky Hilltoppers basketball team\nThe 1949\u201350 Western Kentucky Hilltoppers men's basketball team represented Western Kentucky State College during the 1949-50 NCAA University Division Basketball season. The Hilltoppers were led by future Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame coach Edgar Diddle and All-American center Bob Lavoy. The team then won the Ohio Valley Conference season championship and appeared in the 1950 National Invitation Tournament. During this period, the NIT was considered to be on par with the NCAA Tournament. Lavoy and Johnny Givens were named to the All-Conference team, Lavoy was also selected to the OVC All-Tournament team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 675]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067345-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 William & Mary Indians men's basketball team\nThe 1949\u201350 William & Mary Indians men's basketball team represented the College of William & Mary in intercollegiate basketball during the 1949\u201350 NCAA men's basketball season. Under the third year of head coach Barney Wilson, the team finished the season 23\u20139 and 12\u20134 in the Southern Conference. This was the 45th season of the collegiate basketball program at William & Mary, whose nickname is now the Tribe. William & Mary played its home games at Blow Gymnasium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067345-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 William & Mary Indians men's basketball team\nThe Indians finished in a tie for 2nd place in the conference and qualified as the #2 seed for the 1950 Southern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament, hosted by Duke University at the Duke Indoor Stadium in Durham, North Carolina, where the Indians defeated North Carolina in the quarterfinals before losing against Duke in the semifinals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067345-0002-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 William & Mary Indians men's basketball team\nFor the second straight year, William & Mary was invited to participate in the 1950 Cincinnati Invitational Tournament, where the Indians lost their first game against Cincinnati but defeated Morris Harvey in their second.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067346-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Wisconsin Badgers men's basketball team\nThe 1949\u20131950 Wisconsin Badgers men's basketball team represented University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison. The head coach was Harold E. Foster, coaching his sixteenth season with the Badgers. The team played their home games at the UW Fieldhouse in Madison, Wisconsin and was a member of the Big Ten Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067347-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season\nThe 1949\u201350 season was the 51st season of competitive league football in the history of English football club Wolverhampton Wanderers. They played in the top tier of the English football system, the Football League First Division. The team finished as runners-up for a third time, losing out on a first league title to Portsmouth by virtue of goal average.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067347-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season, Results, Final League Table\nPld = Matches played; W = Matches won; D = Matches drawn; L = Matches lost; F = Goals for; A = Goals against; GA = Goal average; Pts = Points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 72], "content_span": [73, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067348-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Yorkshire Cup\n1949\u201350 was the forty-second occasion on which the Yorkshire Cup competition had been held.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067348-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Yorkshire Cup\nBradford Northern won the trophy by beating Huddersfield by the score of 11-4.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067348-0002-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Yorkshire Cup\nThe match was played at Headingley, Leeds, now in West Yorkshire. The attendance was 36,000, a record never to be beaten, and receipts were \u00a36,365.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067348-0003-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Yorkshire Cup\nThis was the  second of two successive wins for Bradford Northern", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 87]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067348-0004-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Yorkshire Cup, Background\nThis season, junior/amateur clubs Yorkshire Amateurs were again invited to take part and the  number of clubs who entered remained at the same as last season's total number of sixteen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 33], "content_span": [34, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067348-0005-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Yorkshire Cup, Background\nThis in turn resulted in no byes in the first round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 33], "content_span": [34, 86]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067348-0006-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Yorkshire Cup, Background\nThe  competition again followed the  original formula of a knock-out tournament, with the  exception of the  first round which was still played on a two-legged home and away basis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 33], "content_span": [34, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067348-0007-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Yorkshire Cup, Competition and Results, Round 1 - First Leg\nAll first round ties are played on a two-legged home and away basis", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 67], "content_span": [68, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067348-0008-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Yorkshire Cup, Competition and Results, Round 1 - Second Leg\nAll first round ties are played on a two-legged home and away basis", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 68], "content_span": [69, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067348-0009-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Yorkshire Cup, Competition and Results, Round 2 - Quarter Finals\nAll second round ties are played on a knock-out basis", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 72], "content_span": [73, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067348-0010-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Yorkshire Cup, Competition and Results, Final, Teams and Scorers\nScoring - Try = three (3) points - Goal = two (2) points - Drop goal = two (2) points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 72], "content_span": [73, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067348-0011-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Yorkshire Cup, Competition and Results, The road to success\nAll the ties in the  first round were played on a two leg (home and away) basis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 67], "content_span": [68, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067348-0012-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Yorkshire Cup, Competition and Results, The road to success\nFor the  first round ties, the first club named in each of the ties played the first leg at home.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 67], "content_span": [68, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067348-0013-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Yorkshire Cup, Competition and Results, The road to success\nFor the  first round ties, the scores shown are the aggregate score over the two legs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 67], "content_span": [68, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067348-0014-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Yorkshire Cup, Notes and comments\n1 * Yorkshire Amateurs were a team from Yorkshire which appeared to have players selected from  many both professional and amateur clubs - can anyone comment\u00a0? Yorkshire Amateurs played on many grounds, this match was played at Parkside, the  ground of Hunslet", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 41], "content_span": [42, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067348-0015-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Yorkshire Cup, Notes and comments\n2 * The date is given by RUGBYLEAGUEproject xx  as Tuesday 13 September, but by the official Hull F.C. archives as Wednesday 14 September", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 41], "content_span": [42, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067348-0016-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Yorkshire Cup, Notes and comments\n3 * The  attendance was a new record, never to be beaten, and beating the  previous of 34,300 set in 1946", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 41], "content_span": [42, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067348-0017-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Yorkshire Cup, Notes and comments\n4 * Headingley, Leeds, is the home ground of Leeds RLFC with a capacity of 21,000. The record attendance was  40,175 for a league match between Leeds and Bradford Northern on 21 May 1947.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 41], "content_span": [42, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067348-0018-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Yorkshire Cup, Notes and comments, General information for those unfamiliar\nThe Rugby League Yorkshire Cup competition was a knock-out competition between (mainly professional) rugby league clubs from  the  county of Yorkshire. The actual area was at times increased to encompass other teams from  outside the  county such as Newcastle, Mansfield, Coventry, and even London (in the form of Acton & Willesden.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 83], "content_span": [84, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067348-0019-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Yorkshire Cup, Notes and comments, General information for those unfamiliar\nThe Rugby League season always (until the onset of \"Summer Rugby\" in 1996) ran from around August-time through to around May-time and this competition always took place early in the season, in the Autumn, with the final taking place in (or just before) December (The only exception to this was when disruption of the fixture list was caused during, and immediately after, the two World Wars)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 83], "content_span": [84, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067349-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Yorkshire Football League\nThe 1949-50 Yorkshire Football League was the 24th  season in the history of the Yorkshire Football League. A new Second Division was formed for this season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067349-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 Yorkshire Football League, Division One\nThe division featured no new teams (compared to the single division of the season before).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 47], "content_span": [48, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067350-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 in Belgian football\nThe 1949\u201350 season was the 47th season of competitive football in Belgium. RSC Anderlechtois won their 3rd Premier Division title. The Belgium national football team withdrew from the 1950 FIFA World Cup qualification but played 8 friendly games, winning 5.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067350-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 in Belgian football, Overview\nAt the end of the season, R Stade Louvain and K Lyra were relegated to Division I, while Daring Club de Bruxelles SR (Division I A winner) and Beringen FC (Division I B winner) were promoted to the Premier Division. Gosselies Sports, UR Namur, FC Winterslag and FC Verbroedering Geel were relegated from Division I to Promotion, to be replaced by FC Izegem, KAV Dendermonde, K Tubantia FC and Helzold FC Zolder.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 449]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067351-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 in English football\nThe 1949\u201350 season was the 70th season of competitive football in England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067351-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 in English football, Overview\nPortsmouth retained the First Division title by one of the narrowest margins in history ahead of Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067351-0002-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 in English football, Overview\nAn event that was much talked about in the city of Sheffield for many years was the way the promotion race from the Second Division was won. Going into the last game of the season, Sheffield Wednesday needed to beat Tottenham Hotspur to clinch promotion at the expense of their local rivals Sheffield United. The resulting 0\u20130 draw meant Wednesday won promotion by a goal average difference of just 0.008 \u2013 a 1\u20131 draw would have left the two great rivals level on points and goal average, and a unique play-off match would have had to be played.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067351-0003-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 in English football, Overview\nJoe Mercer captained the winning Arsenal team in the FA Cup and was named FWA Footballer of the Year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067351-0004-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 in English football, Overview\nManchester United returned to a rebuilt Old Trafford eight years after it had been damaged by the Luftwaffe, but failed to win any silverware this season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067351-0005-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 in English football, Honours\nNotes = Number in parentheses is the times that club has won that honour. * indicates new record for competition", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 36], "content_span": [37, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067352-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 in Israeli football\nThe 1949\u201350 season was the 2nd season of competitive football in Israel and the 24th season under the Israeli Football Association, established in 1928, during the British Mandate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067352-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 in Israeli football, IFA Competitions, League competitions, Israeli League\nThe league competition, which started in the Previous season, finished during the season. Maccabi Tel Aviv won the inaugural Israeli championship. Maccabi Nes Tziona finished bottom of the league and was due to be relegated. However, as disagreement broke out between the Hapoel and Maccabi factions in the IFA, the next league season didn't start until fall 1951, the club's relegation, which was part of the disagreement, wasn't confirmed until mid-1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 82], "content_span": [83, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067352-0002-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 in Israeli football, IFA Competitions, League competitions, Liga Meuhedet\nHapoel Kiryat Haim, Hapoel Hadera, Maccabi Ramat Gan, Bnei Yehuda and Hapoel JerusalemAs the IFA established the league system, 25 teams were placed in Liga Bet. As the placing of teams to Liga Bet was part of the disagreements between the two IFA factions (with each wants more of its own teams in Liga Alef and Liga Bet), the teams placed in Liga Bet were selected not only based on placing in Liga Meuhedet.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 81], "content_span": [82, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067353-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 in Scottish football\nThe 1949\u201350 season was the 77th season of competitive football in Scotland and the 53rd season of the Scottish Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067353-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 in Scottish football, Scottish League Division A\nRangers won the league with a 2\u20132 draw in their last match, away to Third Lanark, a game in which Rangers took a 2\u20130 lead before Thirds fought back to 2\u20132. Another goal for Third Lanark would have handed the title to Hibernian.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 56], "content_span": [57, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067353-0002-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 in Scottish football, Scottish League Division A\nA few days previously, Rangers had drawn 0\u20130 with Hibs at Ibrox before a crowd of 101,000, the largest crowd to watch a League match in Britain since the war, a record that still stands. Had Hibs won this match they would have become champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 56], "content_span": [57, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067354-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201350 in Swedish football\nThe 1949\u201350 season in Swedish football, starting August 1949 and ending July 1950:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067355-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201351 Israel State Cup\nThe 1949-51 Israel State Cup (Hebrew: \u05d2\u05d1\u05d9\u05e2 \u05d4\u05de\u05d3\u05d9\u05e0\u05d4\u200e, Gvia HaMedina) was to be the sixteenth season of Israeli Football Association's nationwide football cup competition, the first after independence of Israel. However, the competition was never completed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067355-0001-0000", "contents": "1949\u201351 Israel State Cup, Tournament details\nAs the 1948 Arab-Israeli War was fought, starting from the declaration of independence of Israel in May 1948, most civilian operations, including those of the Israeli Football Association were suspended, and only in early 1949, as the military activities dwindled, the IFA resumed operation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 44], "content_span": [45, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067355-0002-0000", "contents": "1949\u201351 Israel State Cup, Tournament details\nAs Israel entered the 1950 FIFA World Cup qualification and matches against Yugoslavia were set to August and September 1949, the IFA were keen to resume league and cup operations. Cup matches were set to start in early April 1949, with the final set to 21 May 1949, with league matches starting a week later. For this edition of the cup teams were set to play two legs, home and away, for each round, except for the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 44], "content_span": [45, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067355-0003-0000", "contents": "1949\u201351 Israel State Cup, Tournament details\nMatches started on 9 April 1949, but were brought to a halt on 28 May 1949, after the apparent completion of the quarter-final matches. As Maccabi Tel Aviv and Maccabi Avshalom Petah Tikva appealed their elimination in the quarter-finals, and as 1949-50 Israeli League matches began 28 May 1949, the cup matches didn't resume before the end of the 1948-49 football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 44], "content_span": [45, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067355-0004-0000", "contents": "1949\u201351 Israel State Cup, Tournament details\nAs decision in the appeal of Maccabi Petah Tikva wasn't given until early 1951, and as disagreements between Hapoel and Maccabi brought the IFA to a stalemate, cup matches didn't resume until 3 February 1951. Three further matches were played during February 1951, but no more matches were played and the tournament was abandoned at the end of the 1950-51 football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 44], "content_span": [45, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067356-0000-0000", "contents": "1949\u201351 Soviet nuclear tests\nThe Soviet Union's 1949-1951 nuclear test series was a group of 3 nuclear tests conducted in 1949-1951. These tests preceded the 1953 Soviet nuclear tests series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067357-0000-0000", "contents": "194th (2/1st South Scottish) Brigade\nThe 194th (2/1st South Scottish) Brigade was an infantry brigade of the British Army, raised during World War I. The brigade was part of the Territorial Force and formed as a 2nd Line duplicate of the 155th (South Scottish) Brigade. Assigned to the 65th (2nd Lowland) Division, the brigade remained in the United Kingdom throughout the war.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067357-0001-0000", "contents": "194th (2/1st South Scottish) Brigade, Origin\nThe units and formations of the Territorial Force were mobilised on the outbreak of war on 4 August 1914. Almost immediately, they were invited to volunteer for Overseas Service. On 15 August, the War Office issued instructions to separate those men who had signed up for Home Service only, and form them into reserve units. On 31 August, the formation of a reserve or 2nd Line unit was authorised for each 1st Line unit where 60 per cent or more of the men had volunteered for Overseas Service.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 44], "content_span": [45, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067357-0001-0001", "contents": "194th (2/1st South Scottish) Brigade, Origin\nThe titles of these 2nd Line units would be the same as the original, but distinguished by a '2/' prefix. The large numbers of volunteers coming forward were assigned to these 2nd Line units for training. Later, the Home Service men were separated into provisional units, while the 2nd Line continued to train drafts for the 1st Line serving overseas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 44], "content_span": [45, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067357-0002-0000", "contents": "194th (2/1st South Scottish) Brigade, Order of battle, Reorganisation\nIn November 1915 the units of 65th (2nd L) Division were reorganised into composite battalions and numbered sequentially. At this time 194th Bde was composed as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 69], "content_span": [70, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067357-0003-0000", "contents": "194th (2/1st South Scottish) Brigade, Order of battle, Later war\nIn January 1916 the composite battalions returned to their original regiments:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 64], "content_span": [65, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067357-0004-0000", "contents": "194th (2/1st South Scottish) Brigade, Service\nThe brigade was formed in January 1915, but progressive training of the 2nd Line units was hampered by the need to provide frequent reinforcement drafts to the 1st Line, by the lack of up-to-date arms and equipment, and the reorganisation when Home Service men were drafted to separate units. By August 195, 65th (2nd L) Division had concentrated round Bridge of Allan, with 194th Bde at Rumbling Bridge, where it remained until the winter of 1915\u201316 when it was quartered at Falkirk, Grangemouth, Milnathort and Larbert. In March 1916 the division moved to Essex, where it joined Southern Army (Home Forces), with 194th Bde at Chelmsford.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 45], "content_span": [46, 685]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067357-0005-0000", "contents": "194th (2/1st South Scottish) Brigade, Service\nEarly in 1917 the division was sent to Ireland to relieve 59th (2nd North Midland) Division, which had been based there since the Easter Rising of 1916. 194th Brigade was stationed at Dublin and the Curragh, later moving to Oughterard and Moycullen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 45], "content_span": [46, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067357-0006-0000", "contents": "194th (2/1st South Scottish) Brigade, Service\n65th (2nd Lowland) Division and its brigades were disbanded on 18 March 1918.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 45], "content_span": [46, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067358-0000-0000", "contents": "194th Armor Regiment (United States)\nThe 194th Armor Regiment is an armored regiment of the Minnesota National Guard. The sole combat element of the regiment is 1st Combined Arms Battalion, a unit of the 34th Infantry Division of the United States Army.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067358-0001-0000", "contents": "194th Armor Regiment (United States), Traditions\nThe 194th Armor Regiment traces its lineage back to the 194th Tank Battalion that saw service in the Pacific Theater of World War II. as well as the 194th Heavy Tank Battalion of the postwar Minnesota National Guard.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067358-0002-0000", "contents": "194th Armor Regiment (United States), Traditions\nIn February of 1941 Brainerd's 34th tank company  was made A Co. of the 194th. It was at the Battle of Bataan. The men would make the Bataan Death March, 29 died as prisoners of war.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067358-0003-0000", "contents": "194th Armor Regiment (United States), Postwar\nOn 22 February 1959, the regiment was created on the basis of the 194th Tank Battalion and the 1st Battalion, 136th Infantry Regiment. The designation, unit type, and subordination of the battalions of the regiment has changed several times since the creation of the regiment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 45], "content_span": [46, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067358-0004-0000", "contents": "194th Armor Regiment (United States), Postwar\n1-194 Armor has served overseas in Bosnia, Kosovo, Honduras, Kuwait, Iraq, and Afghanistan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 45], "content_span": [46, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067358-0005-0000", "contents": "194th Armor Regiment (United States), Postwar\nThe second battalion of the regiment had the following assignments.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 45], "content_span": [46, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067358-0006-0000", "contents": "194th Armor Regiment (United States), Postwar\n1st Battalion served on the Kabul Airport perimeter line during the 2021 evacuation from Afghanistan alongside a number of active duty units, having been pulled forward from Operation Spartan Shield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 45], "content_span": [46, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067359-0000-0000", "contents": "194th Armored Brigade (United States)\nThe 194th Armored Brigade is a separate brigade of the US Army. All armor, cavalry, and armor and cavalry mechanic soldiers, and Marines in equivalent specialties, are trained by the 194th under the armor component of the Maneuver Center of Excellence at Fort Benning, Georgia, where the 194th has been garrisoned since 2012.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067359-0001-0000", "contents": "194th Armored Brigade (United States), History\nIn 1962, the 194th Armored Brigade was created and assigned to the US Army's Combat Developments Command to test new materiel at Fort Ord, California. It assumed the mission of the tank battalion of the 5th Infantry Division previously there. The next change occurred in the mid-1960s amid Army-wide reductions to make resources available for the Vietnam War. In a personnel-saving action, the Combat Developments Command's 194th Armored Brigade at Fort Ord was replaced by a battalion-size combat team and reorganized at Fort Knox to support the Armor School in place of the 16th Armored Group. Under the new configuration, the brigade included one mechanized infantry and two armored battalions. The brigade was cannibalized to fill out CONUS-based III Corps units deploying to Saudi Arabia for Operation Desert Shield and Desert Storm.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 46], "content_span": [47, 885]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067359-0002-0000", "contents": "194th Armored Brigade (United States), Historical composition\nDavid Isby & Charles Kamps Jr., record the composition of the 194th Armored Brigade (Separate) in 1984 in Armies of NATO\u2019s Central Front as including:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 61], "content_span": [62, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067359-0003-0000", "contents": "194th Armored Brigade (United States), Historical composition\nThere were the following units assigned to the 194th Armored Brigade (Separate) in 1990. They were:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 61], "content_span": [62, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067359-0004-0000", "contents": "194th Armored Brigade (United States), Historical composition\nThe brigade downsized to primarily the 19th Engineer Battalion and Task Force 1st Battalion, 10th Cavalry. The task force consisted of a headquarters company that included Cav Scouts (hmmv and silenced motorcycle) medics and indirect fire infantry (mechanized mortars/M106), three armored (M-1 Abrams,A-2, then A-3) companies, two infantry companies (mechanized) and one field artillery battery (M109 SP 155mm - Battery A, 77th Field Artillery) and a squadron of Apaches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 61], "content_span": [62, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067359-0005-0000", "contents": "194th Armored Brigade (United States), Historical composition\nThe brigade was reduced to a separate battalion task force in 1993, the 2d Battalion, 33d Armor, of which at least three companies were tank and one was mechanized infantry, with sources also mentioning artillery and Bradley M-3 scout companies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 61], "content_span": [62, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067359-0006-0000", "contents": "194th Armored Brigade (United States), Historical composition\n2\u201333 AR Task Force was finally disbanded in mid-late 1994.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 61], "content_span": [62, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067359-0007-0000", "contents": "194th Armored Brigade (United States), Current configuration\nThe 194th Armored Brigade designation has been restored to active duty. It assumed command of the 1st Armored Training Brigade at Fort Knox, Kentucky, and is now charged with the responsibility of One Station Unit Training (OSUT), which trains tankers and cavalry scouts. The brigade includes the 30th Adjutant General Battalion, which primarily conducts reception operations for soldiers going to Advanced Individual Training, Basic Training and One Station Unit Training.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 60], "content_span": [61, 534]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067359-0008-0000", "contents": "194th Armored Brigade (United States), Current configuration\nThe 194th Armored Brigade has been reactivated at Fort Benning, Georgia where it serves as One Station Unit Training. It consists of:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 60], "content_span": [61, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067359-0009-0000", "contents": "194th Armored Brigade (United States), Lineage & honors, Campaign participation credit\n\u00b7 Parts of the 194th deployed for Operations Desert Shield/Desert Storm/Provide Comfort in 1990-1991", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 86], "content_span": [87, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067359-0010-0000", "contents": "194th Armored Brigade (United States), Lineage & honors, Campaign participation credit\n\u00b7 Parts of the 194th Deployed to Florida for Hurricane Andrew Relief in 1992", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 86], "content_span": [87, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067359-0011-0000", "contents": "194th Armored Brigade (United States), Lineage & honors, Campaign participation credit\n\u00b7 Parts of the 194th deployed to Somalia for Operation Restore Hope in 1992-1993", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 86], "content_span": [87, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067360-0000-0000", "contents": "194th Battalion (Edmonton Highlanders), CEF\nThe 194th (Edmonton Highlanders) Battalion, CEF, was a unit in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War. Based in Edmonton, Alberta, the unit began recruiting during the winter of 1915/16 in that city and surrounding district. After sailing to England in November 1916, the battalion was absorbed into the 9th Reserve Battalion on January 21, 1917. The 194th (Edmonton Highlanders) Battalion, CEF, had one officer commanding: Lieutenant-Colonel W. C. Craig.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067360-0001-0000", "contents": "194th Battalion (Edmonton Highlanders), CEF\nIn 1929, the battalion was awarded the theatre of war honour The Great War, 1916\u201317.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067360-0002-0000", "contents": "194th Battalion (Edmonton Highlanders), CEF\nThe king's and regimental colours of the 194th Battalion are laid up in the rotunda of the Alberta Legislature Building in Edmonton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067361-0000-0000", "contents": "194th Engineer Brigade (United States)\nThe 194th Engineer Brigade (Theater Army) is a combat engineer brigade of the United States Army based at Jackson, Tennessee. It is a part of the Tennessee Army National Guard.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067361-0001-0000", "contents": "194th Engineer Brigade (United States), Background\nThe 194th Engineer Brigade has 19 units throughout Middle and West Tennessee providing engineer support not only to the military but also to Tennessee State Parks. The 194th has two battalions and 4 separate engineer companies and a well drilling detachment that fall under it during peacetime operations. As part of the Tennessee Army National Guard, the 194th Engineer Brigade serves a dual purpose. Under state command, the Brigade may be used to provide assistance and support during natural disasters or quell civil disturbances. As a result, the Brigade must train to meet both Federal and State training requirements.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 50], "content_span": [51, 675]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067361-0002-0000", "contents": "194th Engineer Brigade (United States), Background\nThe mission of the 194th Engineer Brigade (Theater Army) is to command assigned and attached engineer units and coordinate the engineer construction activities with the appropriate command. The peace time mission of the 194th Engineer Brigade (TA), and all assigned units, is training to attain and maintain the highest state of readiness possible, and to provide equipment and manpower in emergencies as directed by the Military Department of Tennessee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 50], "content_span": [51, 505]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067361-0003-0000", "contents": "194th Engineer Brigade (United States), Background\nThe unit was activated as an entity of the Tennessee Army National Guard on 1 November 1973. This occurred as a result of the major reorganization of the Tennessee Army National Guard, which deactivated the 30th Armored Division. The numerical designation was derived from a former Engineer unit of the Tennessee Army National Guard, the 194th Engineer Battalion, headquartered in Centerville, Tennessee. The National Guard's unique 194th Engineer Combat Battalion was formed specifically to take advantage of Oak Ridgers' mechanical and technical know-how.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 50], "content_span": [51, 608]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067361-0004-0000", "contents": "194th Engineer Brigade (United States), Background\nThis unit was organized under MTOE 5-111GNG01 with authorized strength of 31 Officers, 4 Warrant Officers, and 86 Enlisted pursuant to GO 60, Military Department of Tennessee, dated 15 October 1973. Federal Recognition was granted by GO 13, Military Department of Tennessee, dated 1 March 1974, effective 1 November 1973. The assigned strength on date of inspection of Federal Recognition was 27 Officers, five Warrant Officers and 77 Enlisted personnel. Colonel William R. Kinton Jr. Assumed command per GO 1, Headquarters, 194th Engineer Brigade (Construction), 1 November 1973.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 50], "content_span": [51, 631]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067361-0005-0000", "contents": "194th Engineer Brigade (United States), Background\nHHC, 194th Engineer Brigade (Corps), Nashville was reorganized under Orders 73-1, as a Theater Brigade, renaming it the 194th Engineer Brigade, with an authorized strength of 43 Officers, 5 Warrant Officers and 98 Enlisted personnel. The reorganization is under MTOE 05602LNGO1, NGO 188, 6 October 1986, effective 1 December 1987, commanded by BG Kenneth E. Wallace. On 1 January 1996, Headquarters, 194th Engineer Brigade relocated to Jackson, Tennessee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 50], "content_span": [51, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067361-0006-0000", "contents": "194th Engineer Brigade (United States), Background\nIn August 1998, detachments from Naval Mobile Construction Battalion (NMCB) 21, a reserve battalion from Lakehurst, New Jersey, helped renovate a hospital in Bulgaria. Seabees supported the exercise in two 30-person rotations. Active duty and reserve troops from the U.S. and Bulgarian Armed Forces helped renovate the dilapidated hospital, located in the city of Trun. It serves nearly 50 communities in western Bulgaria. The joint engineering exercise, Cornerstone '98, was led by the Tennessee Army National Guard's 194th Engineer Brigade.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 50], "content_span": [51, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067361-0006-0001", "contents": "194th Engineer Brigade (United States), Background\nAir National Guard, active duty Seabees from NMCB-133, from Gulfport, Mississippi; NMCB-21 reserves from Delaware, New Jersey, New York and Pennsylvania; U.S. Air Force 52nd Civil Engineer Squadron specialists, from Spangdahlem Air Base, Germany; and Bulgarian Armed Forces engineering contributed their expertise. Support staff included medical personnel, a chaplain, a civil affairs group, a public affairs team and food service personnel. A base camp for the troops was set up in a former Ministry of Defense building in a nearby village. U.S. and Bulgarian troops mustered, worked, berthed and ate meals together there. The hospital was built in the early 1980s, but fell into disrepair after the end of the former communist government 20 years later. It was selected for renovation due to its compelling need for assistance, and because it provided an optimal training environment for the troops.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 50], "content_span": [51, 952]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067361-0007-0000", "contents": "194th Engineer Brigade (United States), Background\nSome of the training highlights conducted by these peace time subordinate units during 1999 consisted of a BCST with the brigade's wartrace headquarters, 416th Engineer Command. In preparation for this exercise the brigade staff conducted the military decision making process (MDMP) after receiving the initial OPORDER brief from the higher headquarters. The 230th Engineer Battalion and the 775th Well Drilling Detachment conducted operations at the Western Kentucky training site. The 230th conducted horizontal en ops while the 775th conducted well drilling ops. The 212th Dump Truck Company conducted haul operations at Fort Knox in support of the 155th Engineer Company.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 50], "content_span": [51, 726]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067361-0007-0001", "contents": "194th Engineer Brigade (United States), Background\nThe 230th Signal Battalion attended annual training at Camp Shelby, Mississippi in support of the 196th Field Artillery Battalion. The Battalion also supported units of the 80th Troop Command by installing digital secure voice telephones (DSVT). The DSVT allowed the units to maintain voice communications while conducting a unit BCST. C Company, 46th Engineer Battalion conducted horizontal and vertical operations at Fort Campbell, Kentucky. The vertical platoon built a shoot house that was worked on during IDT and finished during the at period. The horizontal platoons built a medical gravel pad. The 913th conducted road repairs in training areas and berm repair on range 46.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 50], "content_span": [51, 732]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067361-0008-0000", "contents": "194th Engineer Brigade (United States), Background\nThe various training highlights conducted by peace time subordinate units during 2000 are as follows. The headquarters of the 194th participated in a BCST with the 416th ENCOM. the 1169th Engineer Group and the 926th Engineer Group participated as subordinate units. The 194th staff completed the MDMP for this exercise with the OPORD brief to the subordinate units in January. The 194th also participated in a warfighter exercise with V Corps in Germany. The 230th Engineer Battalion and 775th Well Drilling Detachment participated in Task Force Grizzly in California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 50], "content_span": [51, 620]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067361-0008-0001", "contents": "194th Engineer Brigade (United States), Background\nThe 230th built roads, fences and culverts along the border and the 775th conducted well drilling operations. The fence was to deter drug trafficking and the roads to expedite arrest procedures. The 212th Dump Truck Company conducted haul operations at Ft Knox in support of the 155th Engineer Company. The 230th Signal Battalion conducted METL training with its subordinate units at Ft Bragg. C co/46th En Bn \u2013 the horizontal platoons were at the Western Kentucky training site. The vertical platoons participated in a JRTC rotation with the 46th Engineer Battalion at Ft Polk, Louisiana.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 50], "content_span": [51, 640]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067361-0009-0000", "contents": "194th Engineer Brigade (United States), Background\nIn 2014, several National Incident Management System (NIMS)-certified instructors from the 1st Regiment of the Tennessee State Guard provided NIMS training to 29 members of the 194th Engineer Brigade over a two-day training period.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 50], "content_span": [51, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067362-0000-0000", "contents": "194th Fighter Squadron\nThe 194th Fighter Squadron (194 FS) is a unit of the California Air National Guard's 144th Fighter Wing (144 FW) at Fresno Air National Guard Base, California. The 194th is equipped with the F-15 Eagle and like its parent wing, the 144th Griffins, is operationally-gained within the active U.S. Air Force by the Air Combat Command (ACC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067362-0001-0000", "contents": "194th Fighter Squadron, History, World War II\nActivated in October 1943 as the 409th Fighter Squadron at Hamilton Field, California. During World War II, the squadron was an Operational Training Unit (OTU), equipped with second-line P-39 Airacobras and P-40 Warhawks. Its mission was to train newly graduated pilots from Training Command in combat tactics and maneuvers before being assigned to their permanent combat unit. Initially assigned to IV Fighter Command, then transferred to III Fighter Command in 1944, being re-equipped with P-51D Mustangs. It took part in air-ground maneuvers and demonstrations, participating in the Louisiana Maneuvers in the summer of 1944 and in similar activities in the US until after V-J Day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 45], "content_span": [46, 730]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067362-0002-0000", "contents": "194th Fighter Squadron, History, California Air National Guard\nThe wartime 409th Fighter Squadron was re-activated and re-designated as the 194th Fighter Squadron, and was allotted to the California Air National Guard, on 24 May 1946. It was organized at Naval Air Station Alameda, California, and was extended federal recognition on 25 June 1948 by the National Guard Bureau. The 194th Fighter Squadron was bestowed to the history, honors, and colors of the 409th Fighter Squadron. The squadron was equipped with F-51D Mustangs and was assigned to the CA ANG 144th Fighter Group. During its early years with the F-51D, the unit earned prominence as one of the Air Force's most respected aerial gunnery competitors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 62], "content_span": [63, 715]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067362-0003-0000", "contents": "194th Fighter Squadron, History, Air Defense\nWith the surprise invasion of South Korea on 25 June 1950, and the regular military's complete lack of readiness, most of the Air National Guard was federalized placed on active duty. The F-51Ds were exchanged for F-51H Mustangs in 1951, as the \"D\" model of the Mustang was needed for close air support missions in Korea. The F-51H was a Very Long Range version of the Mustang, which was developed to escort B-29 Superfortress bombers to Japan, but not considered rugged enough to be used in Korea. The increased range, however was well-suited for air defense interceptor alert flights. During its years with the P-51H, the unit earned prominence as one of the Air Force's most respected aerial gunnery competitors. In June 1953, while still flying the Mustang, the unit qualified for the first all-jet, worldwide gunnery meet.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 44], "content_span": [45, 872]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067362-0004-0000", "contents": "194th Fighter Squadron, History, Air Defense\nWith the increased availability of jet aircraft after the Korean War, the squadron's aircraft were upgraded from the piston-engine, propeller driven F-51H to its first jet aircraft, the F-86A Sabre Day Interceptor in 1954. At the same time, the 194th relocated to Fresno Yosemite International Airport (known at the time as Fresno Air Terminal), followed by the wing in 1957. On 7 July 1955, the 144th was re-designated as the 194th Fighter-Interceptor Wing, a designation kept by the squadron for the next 37 years. With the F-86A, the 144th began standing dusk-to-dawn alerts, joining its Air Defense Command active-duty counterparts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 44], "content_span": [45, 681]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067362-0005-0000", "contents": "194th Fighter Squadron, History, Air Defense\nThe 194th continued to fly the F-86A until 31 March 1958. On 1 April 1958, the transition was made to the F-86L Sabre Interceptor, which was designed from the onset as an interceptor, had all-weather capability and was able to be used in all weather. In addition, the F-86L could be controlled and directed by the SAGE computer-controlled Ground Control Interceptor (Radar) sites which would vector the aircraft to the unidentified target for interception.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 44], "content_span": [45, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067362-0006-0000", "contents": "194th Fighter Squadron, History, Air Defense\nThe 144th continued to fly the F-86A until 31 March 1958. On 1 April 1958, the transition was made to the F-86L, which was flown until 30 June 1964. On 1 July 1964, the 144th began flying the F-102 and continued flying this aircraft until 24 July 1974. On 25 July 1974, the 144th brought the F-106 into service, and continued to fly this aircraft until 31 December 1983. On 1 October 1978 Aerospace Defense Command was inactivated, its units being reassigned to Air Defense, Tactical Air Command (ADTAC). which was established compatible to a Numbered Air Force under TAC. TAC replaced the aging F-106s on 1 January 1984 with F-4D Phantom IIs, being used in the air defense interceptor mission.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 44], "content_span": [45, 739]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067362-0007-0000", "contents": "194th Fighter Squadron, History, Modern era\nThe squadron started receiving their first F-16A Fighting Falcons on 1 October 1989. These were of the block 15 type, replacing the F-4D in the air defense and attack roles. The block 15 airframes weren\u2019t exactly suited to the dedicated air defense mission the squadron was tasked to. This was fixed with the Air Defense Fighter (ADF) upgrade these aircraft received during 1990.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 43], "content_span": [44, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067362-0008-0000", "contents": "194th Fighter Squadron, History, Modern era\nEffective 16 March 1992, the 144th Fighter Interceptor Wing was redesignated as the 144th Fighter Wing (144th FW), with all related Fighter Interceptor Groups and Squadrons becoming Fighter Groups and Fighter Squadrons. On 1 June 1992, the 144th FW was reassigned to Air Combat Command.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 43], "content_span": [44, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067362-0009-0000", "contents": "194th Fighter Squadron, History, Modern era\nDuring this time the 194th FS also had an alert detachment at George AFB. This base was closed in 1992 due to the overall downsizing after the Cold War and the alert detachment moved to March Air Force Base. In 1995 the squadron transitioned to the more F-16C Fighting Falcon block 25 aircraft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 43], "content_span": [44, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067362-0010-0000", "contents": "194th Fighter Squadron, History, Modern era\nAfter having flown for 11 years with the block 25 airframes, a number of those came to the end of their operational lifespan. It was therefore decided that the airframes of the 194th FS were to be replaced with F-16C Block 32 aircraft. The conversion to these block 32 models started in December 2006 and was gradually completed by the end of 2007.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 43], "content_span": [44, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067362-0011-0000", "contents": "194th Fighter Squadron, History, Modern era\nThe first F-15 Eagle arrived 18 June 2013. The last F-16 Fighting Falcon flew to its new home in Tucson, Arizona on 7 November 2013.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 43], "content_span": [44, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067363-0000-0000", "contents": "194th Glider Infantry Regiment (United States)\nThe 194th Glider Infantry Regiment was a Glider infantry regiment of the United States Army that served in World War II. It was a part of the 17th Airborne Division, and saw active combat service until its deactivation in 1945.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067363-0001-0000", "contents": "194th Glider Infantry Regiment (United States), History\nThe 194th Glider Infantry was constituted on 16 December 1942 as part of the Army of the United States, and was activated on 15 April 1943 at Camp Mackall, North Carolina under the command of COL James R. Pierce. The regiment was assigned to the 17th Airborne Division and began training for combat in the European Theater of Operations. They were stationed at the Tennessee Maneuver Area on 7 February 1944, and later sent to Camp Forrest, Tennessee on 24 March. Their tenure there was brief, and the regiment was sent to Camp Myles Standish, Massachusetts on 14 August.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 55], "content_span": [56, 627]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067363-0001-0001", "contents": "194th Glider Infantry Regiment (United States), History\nThe 194th departed at Boston on 20 August 1944 and arrived in England on 28 August. The regiment began staging with the rest of the 17th Airborne Division at Camp Chisledon, and trained for airborne, tactical, and night missions. When Operation Market Garden initiated, the 17th Airborne Division had not yet completed its training, and was used as a strategic reserve.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 55], "content_span": [56, 425]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067363-0002-0000", "contents": "194th Glider Infantry Regiment (United States), History\nOn 16 December 1944, the Wehrmacht launched a surprise attack on Allied positions, beginning the infamous Battle of the Bulge. The 17th Airborne Division was rushed to the front to assist the embattled defenders of Bastogne, and the men of the 194th Glider Infantry marched through the snow to relieve elements of the 28th Infantry Division, and set up Headquarters and defensive positions near the Belgian town of Morhet on 3 January 1945. The glider troops would soon experience their baptism by fire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 55], "content_span": [56, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067363-0002-0001", "contents": "194th Glider Infantry Regiment (United States), History\nGeneral Patton ordered the division to capture Flamierge, and the 194th composed the right flank of the advance, with the 513th Parachute Infantry Regiment to their left. Under heavy mortar fire, the regiment attacked and captured their objectives despite the loss of considerable casualties. The 194th remained active on the line until they were relieved, and pulled back to camp at Chalons-sur-Marne in France on 11 February 1945.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 55], "content_span": [56, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067363-0002-0002", "contents": "194th Glider Infantry Regiment (United States), History\nHere they began preparing for Operation Varsity, an airborne operation designed to help the surface river assault troops secure a foothold across the Rhine River in Western Germany by landing two airborne divisions on the eastern bank of the Rhine near the village of Hamminkeln and the town of Wesel. The British 6th Airborne Division would capture Hamminkeln, and the US 17th Airborne Division would capture Wesel. Prior to the operation, on 1 March 1945, the remnants of the 193rd Glider Infantry Regiment and the 550th Airborne Infantry Battalion became the 194th GIR's 3rd Battalion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 55], "content_span": [56, 644]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067363-0003-0000", "contents": "194th Glider Infantry Regiment (United States), History\nThe operation began on 24 March 1945, and the 194th GIR was the third wave of the 17th Airborne to assault. Troopers of the 194th GIR landed accurately in their landing zone, landing zone S, a large flat area north of Wesel where Issel River and Issel Canal merge. Their main objective was to seize the crossings over the Issel and protect the division's right flank. However, their gliders and tow aircraft took heavy casualties; 12 C-47 transports were lost due to anti-aircraft fire, and a further 140 were damaged by the same fire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 55], "content_span": [56, 591]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067363-0003-0001", "contents": "194th Glider Infantry Regiment (United States), History\nThe regiment landed in the midst of a number of German artillery batteries that were engaging Allied ground forces crossing the Rhine, and as such many of the gliders were engaged by German artillery pieces that had their barrels lowered for direct-fire. However, these artillery batteries and their crews were defeated by the glider-borne troops, and the 194th Glider Infantry Regiment was soon able to report that its objectives had been secured, having destroyed 42 artillery pieces, 10 tanks, 2 self-propelled anti-aircraft vehicles, 5 self-propelled guns, and 1,000 German POWs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 55], "content_span": [56, 639]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067363-0004-0000", "contents": "194th Glider Infantry Regiment (United States), History\nThe 194th held its captured ground until 26 March, when Field marshal Bernard Montgomery began moving his troops eastward to relieve the paratroopers. The next day, the 194th advanced on the German town of Lembeck, but encountered solid enemy resistance and were repulsed after I Company attempted 3 abortive frontal assaults. The assaults were renewed on 28 March, and it was here that Technical Sergeant Clinton M. Hedrick, of I Co, earned the Medal of Honor. He repeatedly charged through heavy fire to attack German positions and alone followed a group of German soldiers when they retreated into a Schloss. When the Germans indicated that they wished to surrender, Hedrick and four other men entered the castle, only to be fired upon by a German self-propelled gun. Hedrick was fatally wounded, but successfully covered the withdrawal of his men with his BAR.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 55], "content_span": [56, 920]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067363-0005-0000", "contents": "194th Glider Infantry Regiment (United States), History\nAfter Lembeck had been captured, the 194th drove eastward, and battled with retreating German units as they pushed further into the Nazi heartland. 1LT Thomas McKinley of the 194th managed to capture one of the Nazi Party's top officials, Franz von Papen, in his estate near Essen in early April. McKinley rushed into the lodge to find Franz von Papen having dinner with his family. McKinley pulled out a photograph and identified Papen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 55], "content_span": [56, 493]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067363-0005-0001", "contents": "194th Glider Infantry Regiment (United States), History\nMcKinley then told Papen that he was his prisoner; Papen stated in reply, \"I don't know what the Americans would want with an old man of 65 like me!\" Nonetheless, McKinley sat down and ate dinner with Papen before taking him captive. Papen was heard to remark (in English), \"I wish this terrible war were over.\" SGT Fredericks, who was also present, responded, \"So do 11 million other guys!\" Shortly after, the 194th was attached to the 95th Infantry Division from 5\u201313 April, and then returned to the 17th Airborne Division. The regiment served in the Army of Occupation in Germany from 2 May \u2013 14 August 1945, and returned to the United States on 14 September 1945, and were deactivated at Camp Myles Standish, MA the same day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 55], "content_span": [56, 785]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067364-0000-0000", "contents": "194th Intelligence Squadron\nThe 194th Intelligence Squadron is an intelligence unit of the United States Air Force It was activated in 2006. Its parent unit is the 194th Regional Support Wing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067364-0001-0000", "contents": "194th Intelligence Squadron, Mission\nThe 194 IS provides tailored target and geospatial intelligence to the Air Component to enable precision engagement and effective operations. Providing Aimpoint Development, Precise Point Mensuration, Weaponeering, and Collateral Damage Assessment, the 194 IS has quickly become one of the premier combat targeting intelligence units in the nation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 36], "content_span": [37, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067365-0000-0000", "contents": "194th Motorized Infantry Brigade (People's Republic of China)\nThe 194th Division (Chinese: \u7b2c194\u5e08) was created in February 1949 under the Regulation of the Redesignations of All Organizations and Units of the Army, issued by Central Military Commission on November 1, 1948, basing on the 23rd Brigade, 8th Column, 2nd Army Group of Huabei Military Region. Its history could be traced to 15th Military Sub-district, Jireliao Military District of Jinchaji Military Region formed in November 1944.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 61], "section_span": [61, 61], "content_span": [62, 493]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067365-0001-0000", "contents": "194th Motorized Infantry Brigade (People's Republic of China)\nThe division was composed of 580th, 581st and 582nd Infantry Regiments. As a part of 65th Corps the division took part in major battles during the Chinese Civil War, including the Pingjin Campaign, Taiyuan Campaign, Lanzhou Campaign and Ningxia Campaign.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 61], "section_span": [61, 61], "content_span": [62, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067365-0002-0000", "contents": "194th Motorized Infantry Brigade (People's Republic of China)\nIn December 1950, Artillery Regiment, 194th Division was activated. Since 1952 the regiment was renamed as 574th Artillery Regiment. In 1952 the division was renamed as the 194th Infantry Division (Chinese: \u6b65\u5175\u7b2c194\u5e08).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 61], "section_span": [61, 61], "content_span": [62, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067365-0003-0000", "contents": "194th Motorized Infantry Brigade (People's Republic of China)\nIn February 1951 the division entered Korea as a part of People's Volunteer Army. During its deployment in Korea the division took part in the Fifth Phase Offensive and several major battles, during which it allegedly inflicted 9482 casualties to confronting UN Forces. In October 1953 the division pulled out from Korea. By then the division was composed of:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 61], "section_span": [61, 61], "content_span": [62, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067365-0004-0000", "contents": "194th Motorized Infantry Brigade (People's Republic of China)\nIn April 1960 the division was renamed as the 194th Army Division (Chinese: \u9646\u519b\u7b2c194\u5e08).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 61], "section_span": [61, 61], "content_span": [62, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067365-0005-0000", "contents": "194th Motorized Infantry Brigade (People's Republic of China)\nIn December 1969, 574th Artillery Regiment was renamed as Artillery Regiment, 194th Army Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 61], "section_span": [61, 61], "content_span": [62, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067365-0006-0000", "contents": "194th Motorized Infantry Brigade (People's Republic of China)\nIn 1985, the division was renamed as the 194th Infantry Division (Chinese: \u6b65\u5175\u7b2c194\u5e08) again, and reorganized as a northern infantry division, catalogue B.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 61], "section_span": [61, 61], "content_span": [62, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067365-0007-0000", "contents": "194th Motorized Infantry Brigade (People's Republic of China)\nIn 1998 the division was reduced and renamed as the 194th Motorized Infantry Brigade (Chinese: \u6469\u6258\u5316\u6b65\u5175\u7b2c194\u65c5).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 61], "section_span": [61, 61], "content_span": [62, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067365-0008-0000", "contents": "194th Motorized Infantry Brigade (People's Republic of China)\nThe brigade is not related to the 194th Mechanized Infantry Brigade, now the 194th Heavy Combined Arms Brigade, a unit split from 193rd Infantry Division in 2011.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 61], "section_span": [61, 61], "content_span": [62, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067366-0000-0000", "contents": "194th New York State Legislature\nThe 194th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 3, 2001, to December 31, 2002, during the seventh and eighth years of George Pataki's governorship, in Albany.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067366-0001-0000", "contents": "194th New York State Legislature, State Senate, Senators\nThe asterisk (*) denotes members of the previous Legislature who continued in office as members of this Legislature.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 56], "content_span": [57, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067366-0002-0000", "contents": "194th New York State Legislature, State Senate, Senators\nNote: For brevity, the chairmanships omit the words \"...the Committee on (the)...\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 56], "content_span": [57, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067366-0003-0000", "contents": "194th New York State Legislature, State Assembly, Assembly members\nThe asterisk (*) denotes members of the previous Legislature who continued in office as members of this Legislature.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 66], "content_span": [67, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067366-0004-0000", "contents": "194th New York State Legislature, State Assembly, Assembly members\nNote: For brevity, the chairmanships omit the words \"...the Committee on (the)...\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 66], "content_span": [67, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067367-0000-0000", "contents": "194th Ohio Infantry Regiment\nThe 194th Ohio Infantry Regiment, sometimes 194th Ohio Volunteer Infantry (or 194th OVI) was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067367-0001-0000", "contents": "194th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Service\nThe 194th Ohio Infantry was organized at Camp Chase in Columbus, Ohio, and mustered in for one year service under the command of Colonel Anson George McCook.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067367-0002-0000", "contents": "194th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Service\nThe regiment left Ohio for Charleston, West Virginia, March 14. It was assigned to General Egan's Provisional Division, Army of the Shenandoah. Participated in operations in the Shenandoah Valley until April, then ordered to Washington, D.C. for garrison duty until October.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067367-0003-0000", "contents": "194th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Service\nThe 194th Ohio Infantry mustered out of service October 24, 1865, at Washington, D.C..", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067367-0004-0000", "contents": "194th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Casualties\nThe regiment lost a total of 38 enlisted men during service, all due to disease.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 40], "content_span": [41, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067368-0000-0000", "contents": "194th Wing\nThe United States Air Force's 194th Wing is a special warfare, cyber and intelligence wing headquartered at Camp Murray, Washington. When the 194th Wing was activated on August 30, 2006, it was the Air National Guard's first non-flying Wing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [10, 10], "content_span": [11, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067368-0001-0000", "contents": "194th Wing, Units\nThe 194th Wing is composed of four groups, nine squadrons, and five flights. Most units are stationed at Camp Murray, two are located at Fairchild Air Force Base, and two are located at Joint Base Lewis-McChord.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [12, 17], "content_span": [18, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067369-0000-0000", "contents": "195\nYear 195 (CXCV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Scrapula and Clemens (or, less frequently, year 948 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 195 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 3], "section_span": [3, 3], "content_span": [4, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067370-0000-0000", "contents": "195 (number)\n195 (one hundred [and] ninety-five) is the natural number following 194 and preceding 196.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067371-0000-0000", "contents": "195 BC\nYear 195 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Flaccus and Cato (or, less frequently, year 559 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 195 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 6], "section_span": [6, 6], "content_span": [7, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067372-0000-0000", "contents": "195 Broadway\n195 Broadway, also known as the Telephone Building, Telegraph Building, or  Western Union Building, is an early skyscraper on Broadway in the Financial District of Manhattan, New York City. It was the longtime headquarters of AT&T as well as Western Union. It occupies the entire western side of Broadway from Dey Street to Fulton Street.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067372-0001-0000", "contents": "195 Broadway\nThe site was formerly occupied by the Western Union Telegraph Building. The current 29-story, 422-foot-tall (129\u00a0m) building was commissioned after AT&T's 1909 acquisition of Western Union. It was constructed from 1912 to 1916 under the leadership of Theodore Newton Vail, to designs by William W. Bosworth, although one section was not completed until 1922. It was the site of one end of the first transcontinental telephone call, the first intercity Picturephone call, and the first transatlantic telephone call. Though AT&T's headquarters relocated to 550 Madison Avenue in 1984, 195 Broadway remains in use as an office building as of 2020.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 657]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067372-0002-0000", "contents": "195 Broadway\nBosworth's design was heavily Greek-influenced: though the facade is made of white Vermont granite, it features layers of gray granite columns in Doric and Ionic styles, as well as various Greek-inspired ornamentation. The northwestern corner of the building was designed similar to a campanile with a stepped roof, which formerly supported the Spirit of Communication statue. The Greek design carried into the large lobby, clad with marble walls and floors, and containing sculptural ornament by Paul Manship and Gaston Lachaise. The exterior and first-floor interior spaces were designated as city landmarks by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission in 2006.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 686]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067372-0003-0000", "contents": "195 Broadway, Site\n195 Broadway is on the west side of Broadway, between Fulton Street to the north and Dey Street to the south, in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan in New York City. The building has a frontage of 275 feet (84\u00a0m) on Dey Street, 154 feet (47\u00a0m) on Broadway, and 200 feet (61\u00a0m) on Fulton Street. According to the New York City Department of City Planning, the lot has an area of 36,775 square feet (3,416.5\u00a0m2). 195 Broadway shares a block with the Millennium Hilton New York Downtown hotel to the west. Other nearby buildings include St. Paul's Chapel to the north, the Fulton Center and Corbin Building to the east, and the World Trade Center Transportation Hub and 3 World Trade Center to the west.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 18], "content_span": [19, 726]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067372-0004-0000", "contents": "195 Broadway, Design\nThough William Welles Bosworth is credited as the architect, the design of 195 Broadway was largely influenced by AT&T head Theodore Newton Vail. According to Bosworth, \"It was the aim of Mr. Vail that [195 Broadway] should express the ideal the Telephone Company stands for.\" For the lobby, Bosworth was inspired by the design of the Parthenon's porticos and Egyptian hypostyles to create \"a forest of polished marble\" supported by massive columns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 20], "content_span": [21, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067372-0005-0000", "contents": "195 Broadway, Design\nBosworth's design was heavily Greek-influenced; it featured layers of gray granite columns in Doric and Ionic styles, and a lobby that included 43 oversized Doric columns made of marble. Many building details, such as the columns and the metal grilles above each entrance bay, were nearly identical copies of similar features on classical Greek buildings such as the Parthenon and the Temple of Artemis. Bosworth also incorporated several \"architectural refinements\" that Brooklyn Museum professor William H. Goodyear had noted as being characteristic of Greek architecture, including column spacing and progressively smaller columns at higher floors. Ornament was yet another important part of the design and was ubiquitous within 195 Broadway. Bosworth later wrote that he was \"immensely proud\" of the 195 Broadway design, from which he drew all of his subsequent Greek-inspired designs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 20], "content_span": [21, 910]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067372-0006-0000", "contents": "195 Broadway, Design\nThe main structure is 27 stories, including its attic and double-height lobby. The Dey Street annex, along the southern portion of the building, was an L-shaped structure at the corner of Dey Street and Broadway with an extension reaching Fulton Street. The westernmost 33 feet (10\u00a0m) on Fulton Street was designed like a campanile to fit with its narrow and tall form. The campanile is 29 stories high.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 20], "content_span": [21, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067372-0007-0000", "contents": "195 Broadway, Design, Facade\nThe facade is made of white Vermont granite. It was built in three sections: the western portion of the lot facing Dey Street; the extension east to Broadway with a small wing extending north to Fulton Street; and the corner of Broadway and Fulton Street. There are three sets of four bays on Dey Street and two such sets on Broadway; the \"transitional bays\" are plainer and slightly set back.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 28], "content_span": [29, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067372-0007-0001", "contents": "195 Broadway, Design, Facade\nOn Dey Street and Broadway, each set of four bays is arranged so that the center bays are wider, and the columns at higher stories are slightly set back with smaller diameters. The Fulton Street facade, unlike the Dey Street and Broadway facades, is divided into two sections: the campanile to the west and the continuous eight-bay colonnade to the east. On all three principal facades, the first-floor bays contain entrance frames or window frames made of bronze. Wheelchair ramps are cut into certain entrance bays along both Fulton and Dey Streets.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 28], "content_span": [29, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067372-0008-0000", "contents": "195 Broadway, Design, Facade\nThe building's articulation consists of three horizontal sections similar to the components of a column, namely a base, shaft, and capital. However, unlike in other buildings where the base and capital were more elaborate than the shaft, the entire facade of 195 Broadway consisted of \"sustained decoration of superimposed orders\", similar to ancient Greek and Roman buildings such as the Septizodium in Rome or the Library of Pergamum in what is now Turkey. The facade was thus composed of a Doric colonnade along the double-height first floor, and eight sets of triple-height Ionic colonnades on subsequent stories.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 28], "content_span": [29, 646]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067372-0008-0001", "contents": "195 Broadway, Design, Facade\nThe Doric columns at the base supported a frieze running along the top of the first floor. The lowest story of each layer of Ionic colonnades contained mullions and spandrels made of stone, which contributed to the building's \"solidity\". A tall parapet at the building's top was intended to show \"strength and solidity binding the columns\", as did the structure's transitional bays. The entire facade was designed like this except for the campanile-like tower on Fulton Street.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 28], "content_span": [29, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067372-0009-0000", "contents": "195 Broadway, Design, Facade\nOn the Fulton Street side, the westernmost three bays comprise a 422-foot (129\u00a0m) tower whose facade consists of an ornate three-story base and a relatively undecorated 22-story granite shaft. The base contains two garage openings on the first floor; two pairs of bronze-framed windows on the second floor, with each pair separated by an Ionic column; and a colonnade on the third floor, articulated by vertical pilasters that contain various decorations. The top stories are flanked by Ionic columns. The roof of this tower is a pyramidal crown inspired by contemporary renderings of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 28], "content_span": [29, 645]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067372-0010-0000", "contents": "195 Broadway, Design, Facade\nThe minor elevations are along the north side of the Dey Street wing and the west sides of the Dey Street and Fulton Street wings. The western facade of the Fulton Street wing contains relatively plain window openings, and the western facade of the Dey Street wing is a windowless wall mostly blocked by the Millennium Hotel. The northern facade of the Dey Street wing also contains window openings; the center section of this facade is windowless and contained a \"light court\" which was infilled during the 1960s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 28], "content_span": [29, 543]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067372-0011-0000", "contents": "195 Broadway, Design, Facade\nThe facade contains ornaments such as swags and wreaths. There are bronze spandrels with decorative friezes within the upper-story bays, and the facade of the top story under the parapet contains bronze lion heads. Foliated reliefs are located within the door and window frames at ground level, and antefixes are located above the shop windows and the Dey and Fulton Street subway entrances. The subway entrances also contained granite faces and bronze gates, and the decoration extended into the basement where the subway platform was located.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 28], "content_span": [29, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067372-0012-0000", "contents": "195 Broadway, Design, Interior\n195 Broadway has almost a million square feet (93,000\u00a0m2) of interior floor space, approximately 36,000 square feet (3,300\u00a0m2) per floor. According to the Department of City Planning, the building has 1,094,861 square feet (101,715.9\u00a0m2) of gross floor area. There were formerly 28 elevators serving the office floors, but as of 2020, there are 22 passenger elevators that travel from the lobby to the upper floors. The elevators are divided into zones, with each elevator only serving a certain range of floors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 30], "content_span": [31, 543]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067372-0012-0001", "contents": "195 Broadway, Design, Interior\nSpecifically, eight elevators travel from the lobby to the 23rd through 28th floors; six elevators travel to the 15th through 22nd floors; and eight cars travel to the 4th through 15th floors. A single freight elevator serves all floors. The office floors contain varying ceiling heights. The 6th, 9th, 12th, 16th, 19th, 22nd and 25th floors have ceilings that are 13.5 feet (4.1\u00a0m) tall; the 28th floor's ceiling is 17.5 feet (5.3\u00a0m) tall; and the remaining office stories starting from the 4th floor are 12.5 feet (3.8\u00a0m) tall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 30], "content_span": [31, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067372-0013-0000", "contents": "195 Broadway, Design, Interior\nSculptor Paul Manship designed decorations for the interior, including elevator doors, floor panels, and drinking fountains made of bronze. The bronze decorations in the lobby were removed when AT&T moved out during 1984. Manship may have also worked on the chandeliers and windows in the lobby, though the extent of his involvement is unclear. Lachaise was given the commission for the frieze lining the elevator bank on Fulton Street.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 30], "content_span": [31, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067372-0014-0000", "contents": "195 Broadway, Design, Interior\nAccording to The New York Times, 195 Broadway is considered to have the most marble of any New York City office building; the material is so ubiquitous that it was even used for the fire stairs. The structure also incorporates cast bronze or nickel silver on its interior furnishings, such as window frames and door knobs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 30], "content_span": [31, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067372-0015-0000", "contents": "195 Broadway, Design, Interior, First floor\nThe lobby has a ceiling 40 feet (12\u00a0m) high and contains 15,000 square feet (1,400\u00a0m2) of floor area. The ceiling is supported by white marble columns in the Doric order; the interior partitions are also made of white marble; and the floors are of gray marble. The ceiling contains a grid of coffers punctuated by heavy, green-and-gold decorated beams. The directory boards in the lobby are also brightly colored. There are forty bronze-and-alabaster chandeliers hanging from the ceiling. As with the facade, the lobby includes bronze furnishings and is heavily influenced by Greek architecture. Among the Greek-inspired features of the lobby was a white marble mailbox with eagle carvings, modeled after a Greek stele.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 43], "content_span": [44, 763]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067372-0016-0000", "contents": "195 Broadway, Design, Interior, First floor\nThe oldest section of the building, on the southwest side facing Dey Street included a lobby, shops, offices, fire stairs, and a narrow bank of elevators near the east wall. The elevators face eastward, toward the larger Dey Street lobby. The rest of the Dey Street (south) wing, extending eastward to Broadway, includes a main vestibule with revolving doors on Dey Street. It is surrounded to the north, west, and east by elevator banks. Because Dey Street rose gradually as it approached Broadway to the east, there are numerous slightly-raised enclosures near the entrance bays on Dey Street. The space is further subdivided by low-height railings and partitions of marble. A corridor extends east to Broadway, where originally there were two revolving-door entrances.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 43], "content_span": [44, 815]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067372-0017-0000", "contents": "195 Broadway, Design, Interior, First floor\nUnder the campanile on Fulton Street, there was retail space, later largely converted to a pair of loading docks 35 feet (11\u00a0m) deep. The Fulton Street (north) lobby also contains a passageway extending south to the Dey Street wing, and there are elevators on the south and east walls of the lobby. When the corner space at Broadway and Fulton Street was completed, the wall separating the new lobby to the north and the old lobby to the south was removed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 43], "content_span": [44, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067372-0017-0001", "contents": "195 Broadway, Design, Interior, First floor\nThe elevator banks on the east wall were installed, and more columns were erected inside the lobby to create a hypostyle-like hall. Cantilevered trusses were installed on the third floor to support the weight originally carried by the wall in the Broadway lobby. The corner section's construction included the addition of two more revolving doors on the northern section of the Broadway facade, three revolving doors on Fulton Street. This section included a store for the Benedict Brothers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 43], "content_span": [44, 535]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067372-0018-0000", "contents": "195 Broadway, Design, Interior, First floor\nThe Broadway lobby, on the eastern side of the lot, is separated from both the Fulton and Dey Street wings by the elevator banks along these wings' eastern walls, as well as a pair of fire stairs. Passageways from both wings' lobbies lead east to the Broadway lobby. The wings contain asymmetrical column arrangements, but this is not immediately visible from the Broadway lobby due to the presence of the elevator banks. Prior to 2016, the lobby contained minimal retail space. Following a renovation that year, the lobby was slightly reconfigured to include three storefronts separated by full-height glass barriers and connected by a galleria.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 43], "content_span": [44, 690]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067372-0019-0000", "contents": "195 Broadway, Design, Interior, Basements\n195 Broadway contains five basement levels, labeled alphabetically from top to bottom (i.e. the lowest level is called basement \"E\"). Basement levels B, C, and E contain storage areas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 41], "content_span": [42, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067372-0020-0000", "contents": "195 Broadway, Design, Interior, Basements\nThe uppermost basement level, the \"A\" level, is adjacent to the Fulton Street station complex on the New York City Subway, serving the 2, \u200b3\u200b, 4, \u200b5\u200b, A, \u200bC\u200b, J, and \u200bZ trains. From the Fulton Street side, there is a direct entrance to the southbound platform of the IRT Lexington Avenue Line station (served by the 4 and \u200b5 trains), which is directly under Broadway. Going west from Broadway, the stairs to the subway are located in the second bay, and are framed by a bronze surround.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 41], "content_span": [42, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067372-0020-0001", "contents": "195 Broadway, Design, Interior, Basements\nIn the basement, there is a 75-foot-long (23\u00a0m) granite wall between the platform and the building. Within the granite wall there are bronze sliding gates and a long window separated by bronze mullions. The sliding gates used to provide access to the station, a purpose that is now served by turnstiles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 41], "content_span": [42, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067372-0021-0000", "contents": "195 Broadway, Design, Art\nThe building originally featured a gilded bronze sculpture originally called Genius of Telegraphy, placed atop the pyramidal roof of the campanile in 1916. The artist Evelyn Beatrice Longman created a statue depicting a 24-foot-tall (7.3\u00a0m) winged male figure on top of a globe, wrapped by cables, clutching bolts of electricity in his left hand. After a court-ordered divestiture of Western Union, the statue's official title was changed to Genius of Electricity by the time it was installed. The statue was renamed again to Spirit of Communication in the 1930s, but has been better known by its nickname, Golden Boy. In 1984 when AT&T moved to 550 Madison Avenue, the statue was relocated to the foyer of 550 Madison; the statue was later moved yet again to New Jersey. As of 2021, the statue is located at the AT&T corporate campus in Downtown Dallas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 25], "content_span": [26, 880]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067372-0022-0000", "contents": "195 Broadway, Design, Art\nOne of Manship's earliest public works was \"The Four Elements\", a set of four bronze reliefs on the lower facade of the building. The Manship reliefs are located above the revolving doors on the Broadway side, as well as at the spandrels within the four westernmost bays along Dey Street. The reliefs respectively represent earth, air, fire, and water. They were later replaced with copies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 25], "content_span": [26, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067372-0023-0000", "contents": "195 Broadway, Design, Art\nOn Fulton Street, above the third story of the campanile, is a stone relief depicting a personification of Electricity with a shield containing the symbol of Western Union; a bronze lion in the center; and a stone relief of Demeter holding a torch.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 25], "content_span": [26, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067372-0024-0000", "contents": "195 Broadway, Design, Art\nIn the lobby, Gaston Lachaise originally planned to design a 22-foot (6.7\u00a0m) \"marble statue of a young woman\" along the eastern wall of the Broadway elevator lobby, though this work was not installed. Instead, this space was occupied by Service to the Nation in Peace and War (1928), an allegorical group by Chester Beach. The piece, in bronze and marble, depicts personifications of telecommunications, war, and peace.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 25], "content_span": [26, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067372-0025-0000", "contents": "195 Broadway, History\nFrom its 1885 establishment to 1910, AT&T was headquartered at 125 Milk Street in Boston. The current building at 195 Broadway was constructed under the leadership of AT&T's president Theodore Newton Vail, who had taken the role in 1907 and assumed the same title at Western Union in 1909 when that firm was purchased by AT&T. At the time, the site was occupied by the Western Union Telegraph Building.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 21], "content_span": [22, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067372-0026-0000", "contents": "195 Broadway, History\nIn 1910, AT&T revealed plans to improve Western Union's offices \"for the accommodation of the public and the welfare\" of workers. Bosworth, who designed the John D. Rockefeller estate at Kykuit, was offered the commission to design a headquarters building at 195 Broadway in November 1911. Simultaneously, work proceeded on 24 Walker Street, a shared-operations building erected further north between 1911 and 1914.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 21], "content_span": [22, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067372-0027-0000", "contents": "195 Broadway, History, Construction\nIn 1912, plans were devised for a 29-story headquarters building that would be constructed on the western sidewalk of Broadway on the block stretching from Dey Street to Fulton Street. The plan entailed constructing one wing on the Dey Street corner, followed by the second wing on the Fulton Street corner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 35], "content_span": [36, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067372-0028-0000", "contents": "195 Broadway, History, Construction\nTo minimize disruption to Western Union's operations, the new building was constructed in several portions, and the 195 Broadway Corporation was organized to take over operation of the existing structure. Work began first on the Dey Street annex; the Western Union Building annex at 14\u201318 Dey Street was demolished in 1912. The New York Associated Press, an occupant of the old building, moved to 51 Chambers Street in April 1914; Western Union employees moved to Walker Street two months later. The Dey Street annex was completed by late 1914.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 35], "content_span": [36, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067372-0028-0001", "contents": "195 Broadway, History, Construction\nAs the building had not yet been finished, Alexander Graham Bell made the first transcontinental telephone call in January 1915 from a company building on the south side of Dey Street. The Broadway and Fulton Street wings then commenced construction. The new 195 Broadway building was declared completed in 1916, upon which 3,500 employees of AT&T and its subsidiaries moved into the structure.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 35], "content_span": [36, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067372-0029-0000", "contents": "195 Broadway, History, Construction\nThe 195 Broadway Corporation also bought numerous adjacent plots of land to ensure that the new structure would be compliant with the upcoming 1916 Zoning Resolution, which established limits in building massing at certain heights. Specifically, the Mail and Express Building between Dey and Fulton Streets was acquired in February 1916, followed by the acquisition of the four-story 205 Broadway building at Fulton Street in July, days before the zoning law took effect. An agreement was made with the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT) to construct an entrance and exit from the base of 195 Broadway to the Fulton Street subway station in 1915. An exit on Broadway opened in August 1916, and an entrance on Dey Street opened that October.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 35], "content_span": [36, 782]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067372-0030-0000", "contents": "195 Broadway, History, Construction\nBosworth was then directed to prepare plans for three 27-story annexes. Material shortages due to World War I prevented the expansion, and there were numerous holdouts. The 195 Broadway Corp. purchased the New York Law School structures at 172\u2013174 Fulton Street in August 1918, at which point it owned almost the entire block bounded by Broadway and Dey, Fulton, and Church Streets. However, the building permit had expired the previous month.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 35], "content_span": [36, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067372-0030-0001", "contents": "195 Broadway, History, Construction\nBosworth filed plans for a smaller addition to complete the corner of Fulton Street and Broadway in December 1919; it was initially denied for violating the zoning law's height restriction, but the following month, the city board of appeals allowed construction to proceed. The corner section was finished in 1922, thereby completing the original headquarters. This section included a store for the Benedict Brothers, jewelers who held-out during the original construction and only agreed to give up their building in exchange for retail space in the building.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 35], "content_span": [36, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067372-0031-0000", "contents": "195 Broadway, History, AT&T headquarters\n195 Broadway's name changed several times in its early years, reflecting changes in its ownership. 195 Broadway was referred to as the \"Western Union Building\" during its construction and as the \"Telephone and Telegraph Building\" after completion. AT&T settled on the American Telephone & Telegraph Building name in the 1920s, which the building retained through the 1980s. 195 Broadway was closely associated with AT&T, and the 195 Broadway Corporation came to encompass all of the company's real estate holdings until AT&T moved out during the 1980s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 40], "content_span": [41, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067372-0032-0000", "contents": "195 Broadway, History, AT&T headquarters\nVail retired in 1919, shortly after 195 Broadway was finished; the new AT&T president, Henry Bates Thayer, helped grow the company into an international telecommunications company. While in use as AT&T headquarters, 195 Broadway was the site of one end of the first transcontinental telephone call in 1923. The same building was the New York end of the first intercity Picturephone call in 1927 and of the first transatlantic telephone call, made to London, England, also in 1927.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 40], "content_span": [41, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067372-0032-0001", "contents": "195 Broadway, History, AT&T headquarters\nThe company also founded radio station WEAF, which broadcast from 195 Broadway's Fulton Street tower and continued to do so after its 1925 purchase by RCA. In 1941, The New York Times reported that work on the then-under-construction radio apparatus at 711 Fifth Avenue, the studios of RCA's NBC division, was controlled from \"a single little room\" within 195 Broadway.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 40], "content_span": [41, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067372-0033-0000", "contents": "195 Broadway, History, AT&T headquarters\nWestern Union started erecting a new headquarters at 60 Hudson Street in 1928. Most of the company's operations moved to its new Hudson Street building two years later. Western Union's ticker and messenger services, as well as the money-order department, were kept at 195 Broadway. Benedict Brothers closed their shop in 195 Broadway's lobby in 1938. The next year, AT&T decided to display \"the most accurate clock in the world\" on the northernmost window bay along the Broadway facade, a showcase of the successful timekeeping service developed by AT&T's Bell Labs. At that time, AT&T had developed a near-monopoly on the United States' telephone and long-distance service.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 40], "content_span": [41, 715]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067372-0034-0000", "contents": "195 Broadway, History, AT&T headquarters\nAT&T's Western Electric division outgrew the original headquarters at 195 Broadway in the 1950s, having made significant profits during the Cold War. In 1957, Western Electric started planning its own structure diagonally across Broadway and Fulton Street, and five years later, moved into its new 31-story building at 222 Broadway. As a result of AT&T's increased profits in the 1950s and 1960s, the company performed several renovations at 195 Broadway, including installing air conditioning throughout the building from 1959 to 1961.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 40], "content_span": [41, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067372-0034-0001", "contents": "195 Broadway, History, AT&T headquarters\nThe attic, which formerly had benches and employee facilities for squash and handball, was replaced with equipment to support the air conditioning system. The facade was given a steam cleaning in 1963, in honor of the 50th anniversary of 195 Broadway's completion. AT&T planned to replace the bronze grilles and alabaster chandeliers, but this was canceled after objections from architecture writer Henry Hope Reed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 40], "content_span": [41, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067372-0035-0000", "contents": "195 Broadway, History, Sale and later usage\nIn 1978, AT&T commissioned a new building at 550 Madison Avenue. This new AT&T Building was designed by Philip Johnson in the new Postmodern architectural style, and was completed in 1984, the same year of the Bell System divestiture. As part of the divestiture, 195 Broadway, and the rest of the block where it was located, was sold for $70 million to businessman Peter Kalikow in May 1983, using the profits to found a charity. AT&T removed the Spirit of Communication sculpture from 195 Broadway in 1981 for restoration and relocation. The company also removed Manship's original relief panels, which Kalikow replaced with replicas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 43], "content_span": [44, 679]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067372-0036-0000", "contents": "195 Broadway, History, Sale and later usage\nSubsequently, Kalikow made plans to renovate the structure and lease it out to office tenants. The structure's facade was given a steam cleaning; the paint on the building's bronze finishes was removed; and metal ornaments were painted or shined. Kalikow destroyed two smaller structures near the block's western boundary, and he initially planned to extend 195 Broadway all the way to Church Street as a 29-story office annex. The plans for the western side of the block were then changed to that for a hotel, but decided against that after marketing experts said a hotel would not be profitable.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 43], "content_span": [44, 641]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067372-0036-0001", "contents": "195 Broadway, History, Sale and later usage\nAn office use was subsequently again considered, but dismissed since the floor area would have been too small for office tenants. Kalikow bought air rights from the adjacent St. Paul's Chapel to the north and changed the plans for the western part of the block back to a hotel. The plot was ultimately developed as the Millennium Hilton New York Downtown hotel, which opened in 1992.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 43], "content_span": [44, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067372-0037-0000", "contents": "195 Broadway, History, Sale and later usage\nKalikow sold 195 Broadway to L&L Holding Co. and Beacon Capital Partners in 2005 for $300 million. At the time, Lois Weiss of the New York Post said that the building was estimated to be worth $500 million. The building's exterior and first floor interior were officially designated as city landmarks by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission in July 2006. As part of the construction of the nearby Fulton Center transit hub, 195 Broadway was to be connected to the underground Dey Street Passageway.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 43], "content_span": [44, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067372-0037-0001", "contents": "195 Broadway, History, Sale and later usage\n195 Broadway was sold again in 2013 to a group where JP Morgan Asset Management was the majority stakeholder. The ground-floor lobby was renovated in 2016 with the addition of three retail spaces. JP Morgan put the building for sale in 2019 with an initial asking price of $800 million. The structure was ultimately bought by two Korean organizations for $500 million while the ground story lease was sold to Safehold Inc. for $275 million.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 43], "content_span": [44, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067372-0038-0000", "contents": "195 Broadway, Critical reception\nIn 1914, a writer for The New York Times stated that Bosworth and AT&T officials had collaborated to provide a building that would serve as \"an artistic addition to the towering commercial structures of the lower part of the city\", with a well-planned interior design. Kenneth Clark, writing for Architectural Record, stated that the detail paid to the Greek-inspired features was among the building's \"strongest points\". In 1922, an anonymous writer in The American Architect: Architectural Review said that the materials of 195 Broadway \"stand for permanency both inside and out\". At the time, the neoclassical style was being used in headquarters buildings across the U.S., and Bosworth convinced AT&T officials to erect the headquarters in the Greek neoclassical style.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 32], "content_span": [33, 806]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067372-0039-0000", "contents": "195 Broadway, Critical reception\nBy the time Kalikow took ownership of 195 Broadway in 1984, he saw that the cast-bronze interior ornamentation had been painted, and said that \"I got the feeling that what [AT&T] were trying to do was play it all down [...] They didn't want anyone to know they lived in a palace.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 32], "content_span": [33, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067373-0000-0000", "contents": "195 Eurykleia\nEurykleia (minor planet designation: 195 Eurykleia) is a fairly large main belt asteroid. It was discovered by the Austrian astronomer Johann Palisa on April 19, 1879, and named after Euryclea, the wet-nurse of Odysseus in The Odyssey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067373-0001-0000", "contents": "195 Eurykleia\nThis body is orbiting the Sun with a period of 4.88 years and a low eccentricity (ovalness) of 0.04. The orbital plane is inclined by 7\u00b0 from the plane of the ecliptic. It is spinning with a rotation period of 16.5\u00a0hours and varies in brightness with an amplitude of 0.24 magnitude. The cross-section diameter of this body is 43\u00a0km. The asteroid has a taxonomic type of Ch in the SMASS classification, which indicates it has a dark surface with a primitive carbonaceous composition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 496]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067373-0002-0000", "contents": "195 Eurykleia\n195 Eurykleia has been observed to occult stars twice, once in 2011 and again in 2021.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067374-0000-0000", "contents": "195 Lewis\n195 Lewis (pronounced One Nine Five Lewis) is an American comedy-drama web series created by Rae Leone Allen and Yaani Supreme, and co-written with Terence Nance and director Chanelle Aponte Pearson. It follows several Black queer women (played by Allen, Sirita Wright, Roxie Johnson, and D. Ajane Carlton) living in Bedford\u2013Stuyvesant, Brooklyn (Bed-Stuy). The series was released online on its website, One Nine Five Lewis, on November 16, 2017. It received the 2018 Gotham Award for Breakthrough Series and a Special Mention at Outfest 2017.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [9, 9], "content_span": [10, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067374-0001-0000", "contents": "195 Lewis, Plot\n195 Lewis centers on a close-knit group of Black queer women navigating relationships in Bed-Stuy, Brooklyn. The series features topics such as sex positivity and polyamory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 15], "content_span": [16, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067374-0002-0000", "contents": "195 Lewis, Background and production\nYaani Lewis and Rae Leone Allen created and wrote the initial script for 195 Lewis. The series reflects Lewis and Allen's experiences as Black queer women living in Brooklyn. The title refers to the address where they lived at the time with the street name changed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 36], "content_span": [37, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067374-0003-0000", "contents": "195 Lewis, Background and production\nIn 2014, they approached Terence Nance's production company, MVMT, about the project and his business partner Chanelle Aponte Pearson requested to work on it. Pearson received the Gotham Awards\u2019 \"Spotlight on Women Filmmakers Live The Dream\" grant to further develop the series. It is her directorial debut. Allen stated that they had difficulty garnering interest in the project, and most of the crew and actors had little experience in television and film production.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 36], "content_span": [37, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067374-0004-0000", "contents": "195 Lewis, Background and production\nNance and Pearson co-wrote and developed the script, and Jomo Fray was the director of photography. Filming was on-location in Bed-Stuy. Fray's cinematography frequently featured \"bright, neon, and stylized\" lighting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 36], "content_span": [37, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067374-0005-0000", "contents": "195 Lewis, Release and reception\nThe pilot premiered at the BlackStar Film Festival in 2014. It was later re-shot and the full five episodes of the series premiered on its website on November 16, 2017.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 32], "content_span": [33, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067374-0006-0000", "contents": "195 Lewis, Release and reception\n195 Lewis received positive reviews. In a review for IndieWire Jude Dry wrote, \"Director Chanelle Aponte Pearson makes a confident and splashy debut, catapulting her considerable producing skills to a new level.\" Writing for Vice, Emily J. Smith stated, \"While 195 intentionally tackles complex subjects like polyamory, sex positivity, and misogyny in lesbian culture, it's not in the way you might expect. The cast of characters allows for conflicting perspectives\u2014even in this very specific world\u2014so viewers are invited into a real conversation instead of a lecture.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 32], "content_span": [33, 602]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067375-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\n1950 (MCML) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1950th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 950th  year of the 2nd\u00a0millennium, the 50th  year of the 20th\u00a0century, and the  1st   year of the 1950s decade.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 4], "section_span": [4, 4], "content_span": [5, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067376-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 (song)\n\"1950\" is the debut single recorded by American singer-songwriter King Princess. It was released on February 23, 2018, by Zelig Recordings as the lead single from her debut EP, titled Make My Bed. \"1950\" is a tribute to the 1952 novel The Price of Salt by Patricia Highsmith. The song was performed on The Late Show with Stephen Colbert and Saturday Night Live on November 8 and November 23, 2019 alongside her other single \"Hit the Back\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [11, 11], "content_span": [12, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067376-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 (song), Music video\nThe music video and the single were both released on February 23, 2018. The video was directed by Clare Gillen. As of December 2020, it has over 15.8 million views on YouTube.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 24], "content_span": [25, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067377-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 24 Hours of Le Mans\nThe 1950 24 Hours of Le Mans was the 18th Grand Prix of Endurance, and took place on 24 and 25 June 1950. It was won by the French father-and-son pairing of Louis and Jean-Louis Rosier driving a privately entered Talbot-Lago.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067377-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 24 Hours of Le Mans, Regulations\nThe revival of motor-racing post-war was now in full swing \u2013 the FIA had published its new rules for single-seater racing and inaugurated the new Formula 1 World Championship. Its Appendix C addressed two-seater sportscar racing, giving some definition for racing prototypes. The same categories (based on engine capacity) were kept, although the Automobile Club de l'Ouest (ACO) added an extra class at the top end \u2013 for over 5.0L up to 8.0L.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067377-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 24 Hours of Le Mans, Regulations\nAfter last year\u2019s issues with the hybrid \u2018ternary\u2019 fuel, the ACO now supplied 80-octane gasoline as standard, thereby removing the need. The track was widened except for the run from Mulsanne to Indianapolis, and the re-surfacing completed, thus promising to give faster times and be a quicker race. Finally, the iconic Dunlop bridge was rebuilt \u2013 a footbridge over the circuit just after the first corner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067377-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nA record 112 entries were received by the ACO, and they accepted 60 for the start \u2013 another record. This year there were 24 entries in the S3000, S5000 and S8000 classes. The biggest car this year carrying the #1, was a MAP Diesel that was the first car to race at Le Mans with a mid-mounted engine (a supercharged 4.9L engine), with veteran racer and 1939 winner Pierre Veyron.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067377-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nThe first Americans to race at Le Mans in 21 years arrived - Briggs Cunningham bought across two 5.4L Cadillacs, one a standard Series 61 sedan and the other with an ugly aerodynamic bodyshell refined in the Grumman Aircraft wind tunnel. They were soon nicknamed \u2018\u2019Petit Petaud (Small puppy)\u2019\u2019 and \u2018\u2019Le Monstre\u2019\u2019 respectively by the French, but Briggs saw the joke and had the names written on the bonnets beside the American flags. Both were fitted with pit-to-car radios.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067377-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nBut this year, the big news was the first appearance of Jaguar \u2013 with three new 3.4L XK120s. Factory-prepared, they were released to select private entrants to test the waters. Other British entries included an Allard with the big 5.4L Cadillac engine, co-driven by Sydney Allard himself; the Bentley saloon from last year returned, along with a second, even older (1934), car to represent the marque. This year Aston Martin came with three 2.6L DB2 works entries (now being run by John Wyer).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067377-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nAfter their spectacular success last year, Ferrari arrived with three 166 MM cars, as well as a new model: a pair of 195 S cars, with a bigger 2.4L V12, entered by last year\u2019s winner Luigi Chinetti. This year Chinetti drove with Dreyfus, and was able to convince the great French driver Raymond Sommer (with whom he had won in 1932) to postpone his retirement to drive his other car.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067377-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nThe French defended their home turf with a pair of fast privately-entered Talbot-Lago T26 (based on the current Grand Prix car) and the urbane SS coupe. Too heavy to be competitive in the new World Championship, their speed and durability made them ideal for Le Mans. Charles Pozzi returned with two Delahaye 175 S in his new \u2018\u2019Ecurie Lutetia\u2019\u2019 team, the Delettrez brothers had their diesel special back, and two old Delage D6s returned (for the last time) including that of Henri Louveau who had staged such a spirited chase the year before.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067377-0007-0001", "contents": "1950 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nAlso, with better preparation time, Am\u00e9d\u00e9e Gordini entered a big team of his new T15 cars, including two fitted with superchargers to take on the Ferraris. His regular Grand Prix drivers, Maurice Trintignant and Robert Manzon drove one and two new Argentinians Juan-Manuel Fangio and Jos\u00e9 Froil\u00e1n Gonz\u00e1lez the other \u2013 all Le Mans debutants along with Jean Behra in a 1500 Gordini.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067377-0008-0000", "contents": "1950 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nIn the mid-size S2000 and S1500 classes, aside from the Ferraris and the two mid-size Gordinis, was an assortment of makes including Frazer-Nash, Jowett, Peugeot, Fiat and MG. If the French were under-represented in the big classes, they made up for it in the S1100 and S750 small-car categories, with 20 of the 25 entries, including works entries from Gordini, Monopole, Panhard, DB, Renault and Simca. The Aero-Minors from Czechoslovakia were back, and were joined by a \u0160koda in the S1100 class", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067377-0009-0000", "contents": "1950 24 Hours of Le Mans, Practice\nIn practice, Raymond Sommer showed that the new Ferraris were fastest, with a five-minute lap exactly \u2013 ahead of the Talbot-Lagos. Auguste Veuillet crashed and rolled his Delahaye, but after overnight repairs, it was ready for the race the next day, only for the car to refuse to start with a flat battery.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067377-0010-0000", "contents": "1950 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start\nLined up, as was Le Mans tradition, according to effective engine capacity, it was Tom Cole in the Allard who was the first to get going. Last to get away was Fangio\u2019s Gordini with an engine misfire. Sommer overtook a dozen cars to lead at the end of the first lap, ahead of Cole, Meyrat\u2019s Talbot, Peter Whitehead in the new Jaguar and Trintignant in the supercharged Gordini. On lap 2 Cunningham slid \u201cLe Monstre\u201d into the Mulsanne sandbank and had to spend 15 minutes digging it out By the fifth lap, Rosier had his Talbot up to third and Chinetti had the other big Ferrari up to fifth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 626]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067377-0011-0000", "contents": "1950 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start\nIt stayed pretty much like that for the first few hours with Sommer putting in some very fast laps, averaging just under 99\u00a0mph to extend his lead. But then the pressure of that pace told and he lost a cylinder and had to pit with electrical problems from a dislodged alternator, dropping him to fifth. That let Rosier into the lead in the 3rd hour, and he then put in some blistering laps to break up the pursuing pack.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 458]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067377-0011-0001", "contents": "1950 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start\nAs the sun set and in the cooler air he broke Sommer\u2019s new lap record by almost ten secords with Le Mans\u2019 first race lap averaging over 100\u00a0mph (160\u00a0km/h). At the end of four hours, it was Rosier, Chinetti, Sommer, Meyrat - Talbot, Ferrari, Ferrari, Talbot - then the Allard and the first Jaguar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067377-0012-0000", "contents": "1950 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Night\nGoing into the night, Sommer/Serafini\u2019s ongoing electrical problems continued to plague them, taking them out of the running then finally leading to retirement after midnight \u2013 with no lights! Further excitement in the night happened when the Pozzi Delahaye had an engine-fire while refuelling, right in front of the second-placed Mairesse Talbot in at the same time. But once the flames were out, Flahault jumped in and drove out without even checking for damage", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067377-0013-0000", "contents": "1950 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Night\nEarly on Sunday morning while running second, the Allard\u2019s 3-speed gearbox lost its two lowest gears. It could not be repaired, so the mechanics jammed it into 3rd and sent it back out again, having dropped down to 8th. Around a similar time the differential on Chinetti\u2019s Ferrari started playing up, after also running in the top 3 for first half of the race; they eventually retired mid-morning.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067377-0014-0000", "contents": "1950 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Night\nAt the halfway point after 12 hours, it was the two Talbots of Rosier and Meyrat/Mairesse (six laps apart), then a lap back to the Johnson/Hadley Jaguar, the Rolt/Hamilton Nash-Healey and the struggling Allard.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067377-0015-0000", "contents": "1950 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Morning\nAt 5am the leader came into the pits with a 7-lap lead, and Rosier personally replaced the rocker-shaft. His son then took the car out for just 2 laps while Louis cleaned up and ate some bananas. Then Rosier Sr got back in, resuming in 3rd, and drove on for the rest of the race. With Rosier in the pits, the second Talbot took the lead and held it for three hours, with the Jaguar of Johnson/Hadley in second. But Rosier was a man on a mission and before 9am, he had overtaken both and was back in the lead. He had to pit later in the morning when he struck an owl, smashing the (tiny) windscreen and giving him a black eye.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 665]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067377-0016-0000", "contents": "1950 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Morning\nAt 8am Jean Lucas, running sixth, crashed and rolled Lord Selsdon\u2019s Ferrari, getting minor injuries and taking the last of the prancing horses out of the race. The Anglo-American Nash-Healey prototype of Rolt/Hamilton had been in the top-5 since halfway and was 3rd when it was punted off the track by Louveau\u2019s Delage. The 45 minutes spent on repairs dropped it a position. Pozzi\u2019s Delahaye had run as high was 5th through the night, but then the fire and subsequent overheating dropped it down. Late in the morning at a pit-stop, pent-up pressure blew off the radiator cap, which the officious stewards deemed an illegal breakage of the security seals and controversially disqualified him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 731]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067377-0017-0000", "contents": "1950 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Morning\nBy midday the old order was restored: the two Talbots, now only a lap apart, three laps back to the Jaguar and a further lap to the Nash-Healey. Rosier eased off, conserving his car, but keeping a solid lead. Then the Jaguar of Johnson/Hadley had to retire with less than 3 hours to go when the clutch finally let go, after the drivers had had to use engine-breaking because of a lack of brakes. But it was Tim Cole who was lapping fastest of all in fourth, even though he still only had top gear, and caught Rolt (having to driver carefully with a dodgy rear axle and fading brakes) with 30 minutes to go.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 646]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067377-0018-0000", "contents": "1950 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race\nIn the end, Louis Rosier cruised to the win, and with Guy Mairesse and Pierre Meyrat, gave one of Talbot-Lago\u2019s greatest days \u2013 coming 1st & 2nd (in fact, all 3 cars finished - the sedan was 13th), and a record distance covered All the first five finishers beat the 1939 distance recordIt was also a great race for the British cars with 14 of 16 entered finishing, taking the 8.0L, 3.0L, 2.0L and 1.5L class wins. The Allard finished third, the Nash-Healey was fourth ahead of two of John Wyer\u2019s Aston Martins that had run like clockwork.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 591]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067377-0018-0001", "contents": "1950 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race\nThey were comfortably ahead of Louveau\u2019s Delage in seventh, that had finished 2nd the year before but this year never had the pace, despite running trouble-free. The new Frazer-Nash (driven by ex-fighter pilot Dickie Stoop) took the S2000 class and the lightened works Jowett Javelin roadster easily won the S1500 class by 12 laps, driven by the coincidentally-named Wise and Wisdom.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067377-0019-0000", "contents": "1950 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race\nBy contrast all five Ferraris retired, as did all nine Simca-engined cars, including the six works Gordinis. Both the Bentleys finished \u2013 though Louis Rosier did a herculean job driving for all but 2 laps, Eddie Hall in the TT finished 8th and became the only driver to finish a Le Mans going solo the whole distance (just over 3200km).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067377-0019-0001", "contents": "1950 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race\nLikewise both Cadillacs finished (10th & 11th \u2013 positions they had held virtually the whole race) even though \u2018\u2019Le Monstre\u2019\u2019, like the Allard, had been stuck in top gear for most of the race The little Czech Aero repeated its win from 1949 in the smallest (S750) class, beating the French contingent it went up against.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067377-0020-0000", "contents": "1950 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race\nThe Abecassis/Macklin Aston Martin had taken the lead in the Index of Performance in the morning, but a strong drive in their little Monopole-Panhard #52 (611cc, 36bhp) by company owners Pierre H\u00e9rnard & Jean de Montr\u00e9my meant they exceeded their designated distance by exactly the same margin thereby sharing the Index victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067377-0021-0000", "contents": "1950 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race\nThe Jaguar management were satisfied with the performance of their cars \u2013 two finished, and the other had run as high as second before retiring, but resolved to fix the brake problems that had troubled all three cars through the race", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067377-0022-0000", "contents": "1950 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race\nTragically, the great French racer, Raymond Sommer would not get to enjoy his retirement \u2013 he was killed later in the year, at a Formula 2 race at Cadours.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067378-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 A Group\nStatistics of Bulgarian A Football Group in the 1950 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 73]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067378-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 A Group, Overview\nIt was contested by 10 teams, and Levski Sofia won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 22], "content_span": [23, 91]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067379-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 AAA Championship Car season\nThe 1950 AAA Championship Car season consisted of 13 races, beginning in Speedway, Indiana on May 30 and concluding in Darlington, South Carolina on December 10. There were also two non-championship events. The AAA National Champion was Henry Banks, and the Indianapolis 500 winner was Johnnie Parsons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067379-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 AAA Championship Car season, Final points standings\nNote1: The points became the car, when not only one driver led the car, the relieved driver became small part of the points. Points for driver method: (the points for the finish place) / (number the lap when completed the car) * (number the lap when completed the driver)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 56], "content_span": [57, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067379-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 AAA Championship Car season, Final points standings\nNote2: There were scoring omissions in the AAA records regarding laps completed for eight drivers in the Springfield and Bay Meadows races in 1950. The statistics shown include the most accurate representation of those races that is available.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 56], "content_span": [57, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067380-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 AAFC dispersal draft\nOn December 9, 1949, the National Football League absorbed three teams from the All-America Football Conference (Cleveland Browns, San Francisco 49ers, Baltimore Colts).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067380-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 AAFC dispersal draft\nThe NFL held a dispersal draft on June 2, 1950 for players from the All-America Football Conference teams of the New York Yankees, Buffalo Bills, Chicago Hornets, and Los Angeles Dons. Most of the players from the Yankees had already been divided between the New York Giants and New York Yanks (formerly Bulldogs).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067380-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 AAFC dispersal draft\nThe draft order was determined by the order of finish (worst to best) of the 1949 season. Therefore, the draft order was:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067380-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 AAFC dispersal draft\nSince the Colts and the Packers were the weakest teams, they were given a total of five extra draft picks each, divided at the end of rounds: 3 (2 picks), 5 (1 pick), 7 (1 pick) and 9 (1 pick).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067381-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Abertillery by-election\nThe Abertillery by-election of was held on 30 November 1950 in Abertillery, Blaenau Gwent, following the death of the incumbent Labour MP George Daggar. Local minister Llywelyn Williams stood for the Labour Party, while Richard Body contested it for the Conservative Party. Williams was elected, with a majority of 20,783 (73%).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067381-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Abertillery by-election, Background\nAt the 1950 general election, George Daggar held his seat for the Labour Party. He defeated the challenger from the Conservative Party, O.J. Lewis, with a majority of 25,206. By September that year, Dagger was too ill to attend votes at the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, including one on the steel debate opened by Winston Churchill; the largest opposition vote since 1924. Dagger was one of only two MPs not to be present, alongside Harold Roberts for the Conservative Party. Although around the same time, Dagger was said to be showing signs of improvement. Following his death, the seat was re-contested.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 40], "content_span": [41, 658]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067381-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Abertillery by-election, Background, Candidates\nThe candidates put forward by the parties were the Rev. Llywelyn Williams for Labour, and Richard Body for the Conservative Party. Williams resigned his ministry of the Welsh Congregational Church at Abertillery in order to contest the seat. Body did not have any local links, and had contested the Rotherham constituency at the 1950 general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 52], "content_span": [53, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067381-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Abertillery by-election, Result\nThe by-election was held on 30 November, with the result announced the following day. It was the same day as the by-election in the Bristol South East constituency. Williams held the seat for the Labour Party, with 26,622 votes and a share increase by just over half of one percent, while Body received 3,839 and saw his share decrease by the same amount.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067383-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Air France multiple Douglas DC-4 accidents\nTwo Air France Douglas DC-4 aircraft crashed two days apart in June 1950 within a few miles of each other and under similar circumstances. These two accidents, on 12 and 14 June, occurred while the aircraft were operating the same route from Saigon to Paris. Both aircraft had stopped at Karachi Airport and crashed into the sea on approach to Bahrain. A total of 86 passengers and crew were killed: 46 on June 12th, 40 on June 14th. There were a total of 19 survivors: 6 on June 12th, 13 on June 14th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 550]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067383-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Air France multiple Douglas DC-4 accidents, Accident of 12 June 1950\nDouglas DC-4 Ciel de Picardie (F-BBDE) was on a scheduled flight from Saigon to Paris and had departed at 16:05 from a stopover at Karachi for another stopover at Bahrain. At 20:42 it called Bahrain approach reporting at 6,500 feet (2,000\u00a0m) and asking for clearance to descend. It was given permission to descend to 2,000 feet (600\u00a0m). The aircraft overflew the airfield at about 1,000 feet (300\u00a0m) and at 21:13 reported as being on the down wind leg of the approach, the tower passed the wind speed and direction.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 73], "content_span": [74, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067383-0001-0001", "contents": "1950 Air France multiple Douglas DC-4 accidents, Accident of 12 June 1950\nAt 21:15 the aircraft reported \"finals\" and the tower gave permission to land on Runway 29. The aircraft hit the water and crashed. After an eight-hour search the aircraft was found in 12 feet (4\u00a0m) of water 3.3 miles (5.3\u00a0km) from the end of the runway; 46 of the 52 occupants had been killed. Three survivors were found soon after the accident by a ship and three others were rescued by helicopter after eight hours in the water. All on board were French other than one stateless person. The French writer Fran\u00e7ois-Jean Armorin (in French) was on board. This crash was the deadliest since the Llandow air disaster, three months earlier, which killed 80.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 73], "content_span": [74, 729]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067383-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Air France multiple Douglas DC-4 accidents, Accident of 14 June 1950\nTwo days later, Douglas DC-4 Ciel de Gascogne (F-BBDM) was flying the same scheduled route from Saigon to Paris and as before had departed its Karachi stopover (this time at 16:43) for the stopover at Bahrain. At 21:41 it called Bahrain to report as being overhead. At 21:52 the aircraft reported \"Procedure Turn\" and the tower gave permission to land. The aircraft hit the water and crashed within 1 mile (1.6\u00a0km) of the previous accident. After a search a ship reported picking up survivors at 02:00; 40 of the 53 occupants had been killed. Most of the passengers and the crew were French with two Vietnamese and two Chinese. At least 13 of the passengers were children.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 73], "content_span": [74, 746]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067383-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Air France multiple Douglas DC-4 accidents, Accident of 14 June 1950\n\"PARIS, Thursday, 15 June\u2014A second four-engine Air France airliner with forty-five passengers aboard crashed into the Persian Gulf last night near BahreinIsland, at approximately the same place where forty-six persons were lost two days before in another Air France crash. First reports said eleven personsso far had been saved in the second crash. Both aircraft were en route from Saigon, Indo-China, to Paris. Last night's crash was the third French air disaster in three days, sixteen men being lost in a Madagascar flight.\" (\"New York Times,\" 15 June 1950)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 73], "content_span": [74, 634]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067383-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Air France multiple Douglas DC-4 accidents, Aircraft\nThe aircraft were both Douglas DC-4 airliners powered by four Pratt & Whitney R-2000 Twin Wasp radial piston engines and able to carry up to 86 passengers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 57], "content_span": [58, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067383-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Air France multiple Douglas DC-4 accidents, 1950 investigation\nA special commission of inquiry arrived on 15 June in Bahrain to investigate the first accident, it was then directed to investigate both accidents. The commission banned all French aircraft from landing at night while the cause was being investigated. The manager of Air France in the Far East said there were similarities between the two accidents, both having taken place at the same time of day in bad atmospheric conditions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 67], "content_span": [68, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067383-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 Air France multiple Douglas DC-4 accidents, 1950 investigation\nThe probable cause determined by the inquiry for the 12 June 1950 accident was that the pilot-in-command did not keep an accurate check of his altitude and rate of descent during the timed approach procedure, thus allowing his aircraft to fly into the surface of the sea. The possibility that the pilot-in-command was feeling the effects of fatigue could not be ruled out.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 67], "content_span": [68, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067383-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 Air France multiple Douglas DC-4 accidents, 1950 investigation\nThe probable cause determined by the inquiry for the 14 June 1950 accident was a failure of the pilot-in-command to adapt the timed approach procedure to the prevailing conditions and having descended to 300 feet (90\u00a0m), the pilot-in-command did not take the necessary steps to maintain this altitude until such time as the runway lights became visible.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 67], "content_span": [68, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067383-0008-0000", "contents": "1950 Air France multiple Douglas DC-4 accidents, 1950 investigation\nThe investigation into both accidents recommended that consideration be given to equipping Bahrain Airport with radio landing aids and with suitable runway approach lights.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 67], "content_span": [68, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067383-0009-0000", "contents": "1950 Air France multiple Douglas DC-4 accidents, 1950 investigation\nFollowing the discovery of the wreckage of F-BBDM on the seabed in 1994, a re-investigation of both accidents cast doubt on the findings of the 1950 investigation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 67], "content_span": [68, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067383-0010-0000", "contents": "1950 Air France multiple Douglas DC-4 accidents, Wreckage discovery and re-investigation\nIn 1994 a hydrographic survey of the area to the east of Muhurraq Island off the end of the runway located a wing of an aircraft subsequently identified as that of DC-4 F-BBDM. A seabed inspection of the area located two of the Pratt & Whitney radial engines and three bent propellers together with assorted aircraft debris consisting of part of the tailplane, electric wiring, small passenger items and broken bottles. The Christian Cemetery Committee responsible for the maintenance of the Old Christian Cemetery in which the 86 casualties had originally been interred approved the idea of a permanent memorial. A joint venture between the Bahrain-based diving company TECHDIVE and Royal Navy divers recovered the least damaged propeller and after sandblasting and painting, it was mounted in the cemetery. In December the memorial was formerly dedicated by the French Ambassador, various church dignitaries and those involved in its recovery.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 88], "content_span": [89, 1034]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067383-0011-0000", "contents": "1950 Air France multiple Douglas DC-4 accidents, Wreckage discovery and re-investigation\nThe 1994 discovery prompted a detailed unofficial re-investigation into the causes of the two crashes. This investigation ruled out pilot error, sabotage and mechanical failure. Ultimately, the cause was determined from contemporary weather condition reports from air traffic that were archived in the United Kingdom. Both crashes were attributed to extreme weather conditions on the approach to the airport on the two nights in question. These conditions are now referred to as microbursts. The results were published in a newspaper in Bahrain and had the support of Gulf Air's safety officer. The report was also relayed to France via its embassy in Bahrain, with the recommendation that the pilots be exonerated due to conditions unknown at the time and beyond their capability to counteract.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 88], "content_span": [89, 884]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067384-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Akron Zippers football team\nThe 1950 Akron Zippers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Akron in the Ohio Athletic Conference (OAC) during the 1950 college football season. In its third season under head coach William Houghton, the team compiled a 2\u20137 record (1\u20133 against OAC opponents) and was outscored by a total of 185 to 131. Tony Laterza was the team captain for the second consecutive season. The team played its home games at the Rubber Bowl in Akron, Ohio.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067385-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Alabama Crimson Tide baseball team\nThe 1950 Alabama Crimson Tide baseball team is a baseball team that represented the University of Alabama in the 1950 NCAA baseball season. The Crimson Tide were members of the Southeastern Conference and played their home games at Sewell\u2013Thomas Stadium in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. They were led by twelfth-year head coach Tilden Campbell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067386-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Alabama Crimson Tide football team\nThe 1950 Alabama Crimson Tide football team (variously \"Alabama\", \"UA\" or \"Bama\") represented the University of Alabama in the 1950 college football season. It was the Crimson Tide's 56th overall and 17th season as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The team was led by head coach Harold Drew, in his fourth year, and played their home games at Denny Stadium in Tuscaloosa, Legion Field in Birmingham and Ladd Stadium in Mobile, Alabama. They finished with a record of nine wins and two losses (9\u20132 overall, 6\u20132 in the SEC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067386-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Alabama Crimson Tide football team\nAlabama opened the season with victories over Chattanooga and Tulane before they lost their first game of the season against Vanderbilt at Ladd Stadium. The Crimson Tide rebounded the next week with a win over Furman at Denny Stadium, but lost against Tennessee at Shields-Watkins Field in week five. Alabama ten went on to win their final six games over Mississippi State, Georgia, Mississippi Southern, Georgia Tech, Florida and Auburn. Although they finished ranked in the top 20 of both major polls, the Crimson Tide did not receive a bid to play in a bowl game at the conclusion of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 638]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067386-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Chattanooga\nTo open the 1950 season, Alabama shutout the Chattanooga Moccasins 27\u20130 at Legion Field. After a scoreless first quarter, Alabama recovered a Mocs fumble at their 14-yard line early in the second. On the next play, Ed Salem scored on a 14-yard run for a 7\u20130 Crimson Tide lead. Alabama then extended their lead to 14\u20130 by halftime when Salem connected with Larry Chiodetti on a 25-yard touchdown reception. In the third, Salem threw his second touchdown pass of the game to Al Lary from 53-yards out for a 20\u20130 lead. Bobby Wilson then closed the scoring late in the fourth quarter with his one-yard touchdown run to make the final score 27\u20130. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Chattanooga to 5\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 68], "content_span": [69, 785]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067386-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Tulane\nTo open conference play for the 1950 season, Alabama traveled to New Orleans and defeated Tulane 26\u201314 to end a three-game losing streak against the Green Wave. After a six-yard Ed Salem touchdown run gave Alabama a 6\u20130 lead in the first quarter, Al Lary was responsible for the final three Crimson Tide touchdown receptions. After a 26-yard reception from Salem in the second, Lary had touchdown receptions of six-yards from Butch Avinger and 41-yards from Salem in the third to give Alabama a 26\u20130 lead. Tulane responded with a pair of touchdowns on runs of five-yards by George Kinek and seven-yards by Alvis Batson to make the final score 26\u201314. The win improved Alabama's all-time record against Tulane to 16\u20137\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 63], "content_span": [64, 782]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067386-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Vanderbilt\nAt Ladd Stadium, the Crimson Tide lost their first game of the season by a final score of 27\u201322 to the Vanderbilt Commodores. Vandy took a 14\u20130 first quarter lead on a pair of Bill Wade touchdown passes. The first was an 85-yard pass to Ernest Curtis and the second a 15-yard pass to Sylbert Cook. The Crimson Tide responded with a 15-yard Ed Salem touchdown run to make the score at the end of the first 14\u20137.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 67], "content_span": [68, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067386-0004-0001", "contents": "1950 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Vanderbilt\nIn the second quarter, the Commodores scored on a one-yard Mac Robinson touchdown run and Alabama scored on a 17-yard Butch Avinger touchdown pass to Al Lary to make the halftime score 21\u201313 in favor of Vanderbilt. The Commodores scored their final points on a 21-yard Wade pass to Curtis in the third before the Crimson Tide scored nine fourth quarter points to make the final score 27\u201322. The loss brought Alabama's all-time record against Vanderbilt to 16\u201313\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 67], "content_span": [68, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067386-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Furman\nIn what was the first Denny Stadium game of the 1946 season, Alabama defeated the Furman Purple Hurricane 34\u20136 before a crowd of 12,000 on a Friday night. After a scoreless first quarter, the Crimson Tide took a 14\u20130 halftime lead after touchdown runs of 52-yards by Butch Avinger and 21-yards by Ed Salem in the second quarter. After Alabama extended their lead to 21\u20130 on a four-yard Salem run, Furman scored their only points of the game on a three-yard Tommy Williams run to make the score at the end of the third quarter 21\u20136. The Crimson Tide then closed the game with a pair of fourth-quarter touchdowns first on a seven-yard Jim Burkett run and then on a 42-yard Clell Hobson pass to Al Lary to make the final score 34\u20136. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Furman to 3\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 63], "content_span": [64, 863]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067386-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Tennessee\nAlabama lost 14\u20139 to the rival Tennessee Volunteers before 50,000 fans at Shields-Watkins Field in Knoxville. Harold Lutz gave the Crimson Tide a 3\u20130 first quarter lead with his 20-yard field goal, Alabama's first of the season. Tennessee responded with a two-yard Andy Kozar touchdown run in the second quarter to give the Vols a 7\u20133 halftime lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 66], "content_span": [67, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067386-0006-0001", "contents": "1950 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Tennessee\nAfter a 43-yard Bobby Marlow touchdown run in the third gave Alabama a 9\u20137 lead, Kozar scored the game-winning touchdown on a fourth-and-one play, from the Alabama one-yard line, with less than one minute remaining in the game for the 14\u20139 Tennessee victory. The loss brought Alabama's all-time record against Tennessee to 17\u201311\u20134.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 66], "content_span": [67, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067386-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Mississippi State\nOn homecoming in Tuscaloosa, the Crimson Tide defeated the Mississippi State Maroons 14\u20137 before the largest crowd to attend a game at Denny Stadium to date. As the teams entered the fourth quarter, the score remained scoreless. In the fourth, Alabama took a 14\u20130 lead on touchdown runs of three-yards by Jim Burkett and of 53-yards by James Melton. The Maroons then answered with their only touchdown of the game on a 20-yard Gil Verderver pass to Max Stainbrook and made the final score 14\u20137. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Mississippi State to 26\u20137\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 74], "content_span": [75, 653]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067386-0008-0000", "contents": "1950 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Georgia\nIn Birmingham, Alabama defeated the Georgia Bulldogs 14\u20137 in cold and rainy conditions at Legion Field. After a scoreless first quarter, Georgia took a 7\u20130 halftime lead when Lewis Brunson scored on a one-yard touchdown run. The Crimson Tide responded with a pair of second half touchdowns and won the game 14\u20137. Butch Avinger scored on a one-yard run in the third and Tom Calvin scored on a one-yard run in the fourth quarter. For the game, Ed Salem passed for 193 yards on 12 completions in the win. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Georgia to 18\u201315\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 64], "content_span": [65, 641]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067386-0009-0000", "contents": "1950 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Mississippi Southern\nAgainst the Mississippi Southern Southerners the Crimson Tide won in a 53\u20130 shutout at Denny Stadium. After a scoreless first quarter for the third consecutive week, Alabama took a 21\u20130 halftime lead on three Al Lary touchdown receptions. The first two were thrown by Ed Salem from 10 and 51-yards with the third thrown by James Melton from 21-yards. The Crimson Tide aerial attack continued into the third quarter with another three passing touchdowns, in addition to one on an interception return, to make the score 47\u20130 by the fourth quarter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 77], "content_span": [78, 623]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067386-0009-0001", "contents": "1950 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Mississippi Southern\nThe first was thrown 13-yards from Butch Avinger to Ed Lary; the second was thrown from three-yards from Clell Hobson to George McCain; the third was thrown nine-yards from McCain to Ed Lary; and the fourth was scored when O. E. Phillips had a 29-yard interception return. The final points were then scored in the fourth quarter on a 10-yard McCain pass to Joe Curtis to make the final score 53\u20130. For the game, the Alabama quarterbacks collectively completed 21 of 26 passes for 283 yards. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Mississippi Southern to 4\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 77], "content_span": [78, 652]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067386-0010-0000", "contents": "1950 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Georgia Tech\nAfter Alabama scored 27 first quarter points, the Crimson Tide went on to defeat the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets 54\u201319 at Grant Field in Atlanta. Bobby Marlow scored Alabama's first three touchdowns on a two-yard run, a 24-yard reception from Ed Salem and on a 91-yard run. Tom Calvin then scored the final touchdown of the quarter to give the Crimson Tide a 27\u20130 lead at the end of the first quarter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 69], "content_span": [70, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067386-0010-0001", "contents": "1950 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Georgia Tech\nIn the second quarter, Marlow scored his fourth touchdown of the game on a 24-yard pass from Salem, and then Tech scored their first points on a 36-yard Robert North touchdown run to make the halftime score 34\u20136. After George McCain scored on a two-yard run in the third, each team closed the game in the fourth quarter with a pair of touchdowns. For the Crimson Tide, Dick Barry scored on a one-yard run and on a Salem touchdown pass. The Yellow Jackets scored on a 10-yard Joe Salome pass to Henry Ferris and on a one-yard James Patton run to make the final score 54\u201319. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Georgia Tech to 17\u201312\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 69], "content_span": [70, 722]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067386-0011-0000", "contents": "1950 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Florida\nFor the second year in a row in what was their final road game of the season, Alabama defeated the Florida Gators 41\u201313 in their first all-time trip to the Gator Bowl in Jacksonville. After Bobby Marlow scored on a one-yard run in the first, Ed Salem scored three second-quarter touchdowns on runs of six, eight and five-yards to give the Crimson Tide a 27\u20130 halftime lead. After Alabama extended their lead to 29\u20130 with a third quarter safety, each team scored a pair of fourth-quarter touchdowns to make the final score 41\u201313. The Crimson Tide scored on a one-yard Butch Avinger run and on a five-yard Larry Chiodetti run; the Gators scored on a one-yard William McGowan run and on a 70-yard Haywood Sullivan pass to Dan Howell. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Florida to 8\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 64], "content_span": [65, 866]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067386-0012-0000", "contents": "1950 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Auburn\nA year after they were upset by Auburn 14\u201313, Alabama scored touchdowns in all four quarters and shutout the Tigers 34\u20130 at Legion Field. Bobby Marlow scored the first three touchdowns for the Crimson Tide on a 26-yard reception from Ed Salem in the first, and on runs of seven and two yards in the second and third quarters. A 31-yard Larry Chiodetti run in the third and one-yard Jim Burkett run in the fourth quarter provided the final 34\u20130 margin. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Auburn to 6\u20138\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 63], "content_span": [64, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067387-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Alabama gubernatorial election\nThe 1950 Alabama gubernatorial election took place on November 7, 1950, to elect the Governor of Alabama. Incumbent Democrat Jim Folsom was term-limited, and could not seek a second consecutive term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067387-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Alabama gubernatorial election, Democratic primary\nAt the time this election took place, Alabama, as with most other southern states, was solidly Democratic, and the Republican Party had such diminished influence that the Democratic primary was the de facto contest for state offices.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 55], "content_span": [56, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067387-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Alabama gubernatorial election, Democratic primary, Results\nHamm withdrew from the primary runoff, meaning that Persons became the Democratic nominee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 64], "content_span": [65, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067388-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Albanian Cup\n1950 Albanian Cup (Albanian: Kupa e Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb) was the fourth season of Albania's annual cup competition. It began in spring 1950 with the First Round and ended in May 1950 with the Final match. KF Partizani were the defending champions, having won their second Albanian Cup last season. The cup was won by Dinamo Tirana.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067388-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Albanian Cup\nThe rounds were played in a one-legged format. If the number of goals was equal, the match was decided by extra time and a penalty shootout, if necessary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067388-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Albanian Cup, Quarter finals\nIn this round entered the 8 winners from the previous round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 33], "content_span": [34, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067388-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Albanian Cup, Semifinals\nIn this round entered the four winners from the previous round*", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 93]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067389-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Albanian National Championship\nThe 1950 Albanian National Championship was the thirteenth season of the Albanian National Championship, the top professional league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 1930.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067389-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Albanian National Championship, Overview\nIt was contested by 12 teams, and Dinamo Tirana won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067389-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Albanian National Championship, League standings\nNote: 'Shkodra' is Vllaznia, 'Kavaja' is Besa, 'Lezha' is Bes\u00eblidhja, 'Vlora' is Flamurtari, 'Kor\u00e7a' is Sk\u00ebnderbeu, 'Durr\u00ebsi' is Teuta, 'Tirana' is SK Tirana, 'Fieri' is Apolonia and 'Spartak Pogradeci' is Pogradeci", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 53], "content_span": [54, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067390-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Albanian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in the People's Republic of Albania on 28 May 1950. Candidates were nominated by the Democratic Front, which was an organization subservient to the ruling Albanian Party of Labour. The Front won all 121 seats, with voter turnout reported to be 99.4%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067391-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Albi Grand Prix\nThe 1950 Albi Grand Prix (officially known as XII Circuit de l'Albigeois) was a non-championship Formula One Grand Prix held on 16 July 1950. It was the fourteenth Grand Prix of the year, counting both championship and non-championship races.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067391-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Albi Grand Prix\nThe race was contested over two heats of 17 laps after which the times were aggregated. The winner was Louis Rosier in a Talbot-Lago after finishing third and second in respectively Heat 1 and Heat 2. Jos\u00e9 Froil\u00e1n Gonz\u00e1lez finished second in a Maserati 4CLT-48 and Maurice Trintignant came in third in a Simca-Gordini T15.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067392-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 All England Badminton Championships\nThe 1950 All England Championships was a badminton tournament held at the Empress Hall, Earls Court, London, England, from 1\u20134 March 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067393-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 All-American Girls Professional Baseball League season\nThe 1950 All-American Girls Professional Baseball League season marked the eight season of the circuit. The teams Fort Wayne Daisies, Grand Rapids Chicks, Kenosha Comets, Muskegon Lassies, Peoria Redwings, Racine Belles, Rockford Peaches and South Bend Blue Sox competed through a 112-game schedule.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067393-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 All-American Girls Professional Baseball League season\nIn 1950 the league used a livelier 10 inches ball. Finally, the batting was able to take advantage of the pitching, when five hitters reached the .300 average mark for the year. Fort Wayne's rookie Betty Foss led the circuit with a .346 average, to set a new season mark.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067393-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 All-American Girls Professional Baseball League season\nNevertheless, three no-hitters were recorded in the season, two of them by Jean Cione of Kenosha during the month of August. Her first was a 12-inning gem against Grand Rapids, and the second came in a seven-inning shutout over Racine. Previously, Kenosha's Ruby Stephens had pitched a nine-inning no-no against the Lassies in July.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067393-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 All-American Girls Professional Baseball League season\nGrand Rapids' Alma Ziegler posted a 19\u20137 record and a solid 1.38 earned run average in 35 games, leading all pitchers in winning percentage (.732). She also tossed 43 straight shutout inning, and finished second in ERA behind South Bend's Jean Faut (1.12). Ziegler was honored with the Player of the Year Award.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067393-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 All-American Girls Professional Baseball League season\nThe league returned to the Shaugnessy format during the playoffs, featuring the top four teams of the season. In the best-of-five first round, first place Rockford won Kenosha and second place Fort Wayne defeated fourth place Grand Rapids. The final series took all seven games to decide the champion team. After winning the first two games, Rockford lost the next two games to Fort Wayne. Rockford took a 3\u20132 advantage in Game 5, but Fort Wayne won the next contest to send the series to a seventh game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067393-0004-0001", "contents": "1950 All-American Girls Professional Baseball League season\nFinally, Rockford never gave Fort Wayne a chance at another upset and won the series, four to three games. Helen Nicol was credited with three of the four victories of Rockford in the finals, including a shutout in decisive Game 7. Bill Allington guided the Peaches to their third title in a row, fourth overall, to set two all-time records for a manager.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067393-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 All-American Girls Professional Baseball League season\nIn 1950 the AAGPBL declined in attendance for the second consecutive year. Poor financial management finally caught up to the league and it began to slide. At the end of the season, team directors voted to purchase the league from Arthur Meyerhoff and operate their teams independently. That season had been a nightmare for Muskegon, after registering the worst record in the circuit and a relocation during the midseason to Kalamazoo, Michigan, where the team was renamed the Kalamazoo Lassies. Besides this, the Racine franchise, a two-time champion and one of the four original teams, had to move to Battle Creek, Michigan. The team would be renamed the Battle Creek Belles for the next season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 757]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067394-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 All-Big Nine Conference football team\nThe 1950 All-Big Nine Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Big Nine Conference teams for the 1950 Big Nine Conference football season. The selectors for the 1950 season were the Associated Press (AP), based on a vote of the conference coaches, and the United Press (UP). Players selected as first-team players by both the AP and UP are designated in bold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 464]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067394-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 All-Big Nine Conference football team\nMichigan captured the Big Nine championship, was ranked #9 in the final AP Poll, defeated California in the 1951 Rose Bowl, and placed three of its player on one or both of the first teams. Michigan's honorees were halfback Chuck Ortmann, fullback Don Dufek, and tackle Robert Wahl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067394-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 All-Big Nine Conference football team\nIllinois compiled a 7\u20132 record and a #13 ranking in the final AP Poll and had four players selected as first-team honorees. The Illinois first-team honorees were halfback Dick Raklovits, end Tony Klimek, center Bill Vohaska and guard Chuck Brown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067394-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 All-Big Nine Conference football team\nOhio State compiled a 6\u20133 record and a #14 ranking in the final AP Poll and placed four players on the first team. The Ohio State first-team honorees were quarterback and 1950 Heisman Trophy winner Vic Janowicz, tackle Bill Trautwein, and guard John Biltz", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067394-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 All-Big Nine Conference football team, Key\nBold = Consensus first-team selection of both the AP and UP", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 47], "content_span": [48, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067395-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 All-Big Seven Conference football team\nThe 1950 All-Big Seven Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Big Seven Conference teams for the 1950 college football season. The selectors for the 1950 season included the United Press (UP).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067396-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship\nThe 1950 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship was the 19th staging of the All-Ireland Minor Football Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county Gaelic football tournament for boys under the age of 18.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067396-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship\nArmagh entered the championship as defending champions, however, they were defeated by Antrim in the Ulster final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067396-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship\nOn 24 September 1950, Kerry won the championship following a 3-6 to 1-4 defeat of Wexford in the All-Ireland final. This was their fifth All-Ireland title overall and their first in four championship seasons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067397-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship\nThe 1950 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship was the 20th staging of the All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1928.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067397-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship\nOn 3 September 1950 Kilkenny won the championship following a 3-4 to 1-5 defeat of Tipperary in the All-Ireland final. This was their fourth All-Ireland title and their first in 14 championship seasons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067398-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship\nThe 1950 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship was the high point of the 1950 season in Camogie. The championship was won by Dublin who defeated London by a 21-point margin in the final, having already defeated Antrim by a ten-point margin in the home final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067398-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, Structure\nGalway defeated Roscommon by 7-7 to nil in the Connacht final. Kathleen Cody and Kathleen Mills dominated midfield and as Dublin beat Galway 9\u20137 to 2\u20131 at Parnell Park while goals from Madge Rainey, Sarah O'Neill and Mary Rua McGarry gave Antrim victory over Munster champions Tipperary at Corrigan Park", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 55], "content_span": [56, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067398-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, Home Final\nSophie Brack\u2019s goal for Dublin in the first minute of the final was disallowed. Goals from Madge Rainey and Mary McKeever helped Antrim take a 2-0 to 0-3 lead before Brack scored just before half time from close range. It was level at half time Dublin 2-3 to Antrim 2-0. Antrim levelled again with a Madge Rainey goal with 15 minutes to go before Dublin pulled away with four goals, one each from Sophie Brack and Patsy Cooney, 1-1 from Kathleen Cody and another Sophie Brack goal. It was played, according to the Irish Independent\u201cat a fast and exciting tempo\u201d:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 56], "content_span": [57, 619]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067398-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, Home Final\nDublin captured the title for the eleventh time by outstaying a rejuvenated Antrim side in the last quarter of the match. Until that all important final quarter the Ulster girls matched the holders puck for puck, and score for score and showed spirit and gameness in fighting back time after time when Dublin seemed to be getting on top. For all their great-hearted efforts Antrim lacked the finesse, the high degree of polished stick work and positional skill displayed by the star-studded Dublin team. The Antrim forwards never attempted to emulate the delightful combined movements of the winners attack, but in and around the goalmouth they seized on the slightest slip by a defender. Mary Rua McGarry was particularly adept at these tactics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 56], "content_span": [57, 803]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067398-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, Home Final\nNone of those who saw the match would agree there were ten points in the difference. It was a game which surpassed all expectations. This was not only a complete vindication of the wisdom of staging an All Ireland championship in this code, but was a most eloquent tribute to the tenacity and purposefulness of the enthusiasts in Antrim, who have kept the game going there. As a game it was a treat to watch and the whole sixty minutes sparkled with good play. Every girl on the field had her heart in her job and the appreciative cheers of the 3,000 people present were eloquent testimony to the very high level of play set up by this gallant 24.\u201d", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 56], "content_span": [57, 705]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067398-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, Final Proper\nDublin then travelled to Belfast to play London in the \u201cfinal proper\u201d played alongside the Ward Cup match between Meath and Mayo before a large crowd. London were hampered in the loss of their captain Noreen Collins in the first ten minutes. Dublin led 4-2 to nil at half time, Patsy Cooney scoring three of their eight goals in an 8-2 to 1-2 victory,", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 58], "content_span": [59, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067399-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship Final\nThe 1950 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship Final was the nineteenth All-Ireland Final and the deciding match of the 1950 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, an inter-county camogie tournament for the top teams in Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067399-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship Final\nDublin had beaten Antrim 6-5 to 4-1 in the \"Home\" final, and went to London for the All-Ireland final on Easter Monday 1951. They led 4-2 to 0-0 at half-time and won easily. P. Cooney scored three goals. This is the last All-Ireland final to date not to be held at Croke Park.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067400-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship\nThe 1950 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship was the 64th staging of Ireland's premier Gaelic football knock-out competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067401-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final\nThe 1950 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final was the 63rd All-Ireland Final and the deciding match of the 1950 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, an inter-county Gaelic football tournament for the top teams in Ireland, between Mayo and Louth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067401-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final\nMayo snatched a freak goal with five minutes remaining after Se\u00e1n Flanagan charged down a Se\u00e1n Boyle clearance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067401-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final\nThe referee for the 1950 final was Simon Deignan, who played for Cavan in the 1947 and 1948 finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067401-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final\nThis was the first of two consecutive All-Ireland football titles won by Mayo. They have not won an All-Ireland football title since 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067402-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1950 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship was the 64th staging of the All-Ireland hurling championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1887. The championship began on 30 April 1950 and ended on 3 September 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067402-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship\nTipperary were the defending champions, and retained their All-Ireland crown following a 1-9 to 1-8 defeat of Kilkenny.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067403-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final\nThe 1950 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final was the 63rd All-Ireland Final and the culmination of the 1950 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, an inter-county hurling tournament for the top teams in Ireland. The match was held at Croke Park, Dublin, on 3 September 1950, between Tipperary and Kilkenny. The Leinster champions lost to their Munster opponents on a score line of 1-9 to 1-8.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067404-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 All-Pacific Coast football team\nThe 1950 All-Pacific Coast football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Pacific Coast teams for the 1950 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067404-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 All-Pacific Coast football team, Key\nAP = Associated Press, selected for the AP by writers, coaches and scouts and based on a two-platoon system", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 41], "content_span": [42, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067404-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 All-Pacific Coast football team, Key\nCoaches = selected by the conference coaches and announced by the PCC Commissioner's office", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 41], "content_span": [42, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067404-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 All-Pacific Coast football team, Key\nUP = United Press, \"selected with the aid of West Coast sports writers\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 41], "content_span": [42, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067404-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 All-Pacific Coast football team, Key\nBold = Consensus first-team selection of the AP, UP and coaches", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 41], "content_span": [42, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067405-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 All-Pro Team\nThe 1950 All-Pro Team consisted of American football players chosen by various selectors for the All-Pro team of the National Football League (NFL) for the 1950 NFL season. Teams were selected by, among others, the Associated Press (AP), the United Press (UP), and the New York Daily News.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067406-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 All-SEC football team\nThe 1950 All-SEC football team consists of American football players selected to the All-Southeastern Conference (SEC) chosen by various selectors for the 1950 college football season. Kentucky won the conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067406-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 All-SEC football team, Key\nBold = Consensus first-team selection by both AP and UP", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 31], "content_span": [32, 87]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067407-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 All-Southern Conference football team\nThe 1950 All-Southern Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by the Associated Press (AP) for the All-Southern Conference football team for the 1950 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067408-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 All-Southwest Conference football team\nThe 1950 All-Southwest Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Southwest Conference teams for the 1950 college football season. The selectors for the 1950 season included the Associated Press (AP) and the United Press (UP). Players selected as first-team players by both the AP and UP are designated in bold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067408-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 All-Southwest Conference football team, Key\nAP = Associated Press, \"selected for the Associated Press by the seven coaches\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 48], "content_span": [49, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067408-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 All-Southwest Conference football team, Key\nBold = Consensus first-team selection of both the AP and UP", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 48], "content_span": [49, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067409-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Allan Cup\nThe 1950 Allan Cup was the senior ice hockey championship for the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association (CAHA) during the 1949\u201350 season. The event was hosted by the Calgary Stampeders and Calgary and Edmonton, Alberta. The 1950 playoff marked the 42nd time that the Allan Cup has been awarded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067409-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Allan Cup\nThe CAHA faced issues with the professional-style operation of its top-level senior teams during the 1950 Allan Cup playoffs. Conn Smythe threatened that the Toronto Marlboros senior team would not continue the playoffs unless the CAHA guaranteed the team against financial losses for travel to the finals in Calgary, and claimed that it cost C$2,000 per week to keep the team operational. Although the CAHA offered to pay tourist-class train tickets, the Marlboros insisted they travelled only by first-class accommodations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067409-0001-0001", "contents": "1950 Allan Cup\nThe London Free Press sports editor Jack Park, wrote that Smythe did not appreciate the prestige of winning the Allan Cup, and that the CAHA was essentially sponsoring teams by covering travel expenses. Park speculated that amateur hockey might be fading away, and that teams in larger cities would rather operate openly as professional to have more control over player salaries due to the competition for talent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067410-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Amateur World Series\nThe 1950 Amateur World Series was the 11th Amateur World Series (AWS), an international men's amateur baseball tournament. The tournament was sanctioned by the International Baseball Federation (which titled it the Baseball World Cup as of the 1988 tournament). The tournament took place, for the second time, in Nicaragua, which had also hosted the previous (1948) tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067410-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Amateur World Series\nCuba won their fifth AWS title, taking the gold in 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 82]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067411-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Argentine Primera Divisi\u00f3n\nThe 1949 Argentine Primera Divisi\u00f3n was the 59th season of top-flight football in Argentina. The season began on April 2 and ended on December 10.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067411-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Argentine Primera Divisi\u00f3n\nQuilmes returned to Primera while Rosario Central and Tigre were relegated. Racing Club won its 11th league title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067412-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Arizona State Sun Devils football team\nThe 1950 Arizona State Sun Devils football team was an American football team that represented Arizona State College (later renamed Arizona State University) in the Border Conference during the 1950 college football season. In their fourth season under head coach Ed Doherty, the Sun Devils compiled a 9\u20131 record (4\u20131 against Border opponents), lost to Miami (OH) in the Salad Bowl, and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 404 to 154.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067413-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Arizona State\u2013Flagstaff Lumberjacks football team\nThe 1950 Arizona State\u2013Flagstaff Lumberjacks football team was an American football team that represented Arizona State College at Flagstaff (now known as Northern Arizona University) in the Border Conference during the 1950 college football season. In its first and only year under head coach Ben Reiges, the team compiled a 2\u20137 record (0\u20134 against conference opponents), was outscored by a total of 374 to 114, and finished last of nine teams in the Border Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067413-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Arizona State\u2013Flagstaff Lumberjacks football team\nThe team played its home games at Skidmore Field in Flagstaff, Arizona.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067414-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Arizona Wildcats football team\nThe 1950 Arizona Wildcats football team represented the University of Arizona in the Border Conference during the 1950 college football season. In their second season under head coach Bob Winslow, the Wildcats compiled a 4\u20136 record (2\u20134 against Border opponents) and were outscored by their opponents, 257 to 214. The team captain was Eddie Wolgast. The team played its home games in Arizona Stadium in Tucson, Arizona.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067415-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Arizona gubernatorial election\nThe 1950 Arizona gubernatorial election took place on November 7, 1950. Incumbent Governor Dan Edward Garvey, who originally ascended to the office of Governor following the death of Sidney Preston Osborn and was later elected to a full term, lost the Democratic primary to state Auditor Ana Frohmiller. Frohmiller would become the first woman to be nominated by any party for governor in Arizona.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067415-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Arizona gubernatorial election\nFollowing a shift in voters to the Republican Party in the past two election cycles, John Howard Pyle defeated Ana Frohmiller, becoming the first Republican Governor of Arizona since John Calhoun Phillips was defeated for reelection and left office in 1931.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067415-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Arizona gubernatorial election, Democratic primary\nThe Democratic primary took place on September 12, 1950. Incumbent Governor Dan Edward Garvey, who ascended to the office of governor (as Secretary of State of Arizona) following the death of Governor Sidney Preston Osborn, and was subsequently elected to a full term in 1948, was defeated in the Democratic primary by State Auditor Ana Frohmiller. Frohmiller had served as state auditor since being elected in 1926, and was seen as a pioneer for women. U.S. Congressman Richard F. Harless also ran again after failing to win in 1948, as well as Jim Smith, Ralph Watkins, and perennial candidate Howard Sprouse.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 55], "content_span": [56, 667]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067415-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Arizona gubernatorial election, General election\nU.S. Senator and Republican Presidential candidate Barry Goldwater wrote in his memoir \"With No Apologies\" that Frohmiller was \"an attractive lady [...] who had earned quite a following as a result of her long and excellent service as State Auditor.\" He also observed that the voters of Arizona weren't ready for a woman Governor in 1950. Frohmiller lost the election to Pyle, who became the first Republican Governor of Arizona since John Calhoun Phillips was elected in 1928, despite the fact that at the time of her nomination she seemed to be the front-runner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 53], "content_span": [54, 618]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067416-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Arkansas Razorbacks football team\nThe 1950 Arkansas Razorbacks football team represented the University of Arkansas in the Southwest Conference (SWC) during the 1950 college football season. In their first year under head coach Otis Douglas, the Razorbacks compiled a 2\u20138 record (1\u20135 against SWC opponents), finished in last place in the SWC, and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 163 to 156. George Eckert was the team co-captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067417-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Arkansas gubernatorial election\nThe 1950 Arkansas gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067417-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Arkansas gubernatorial election\nIncumbent Democratic Governor Sid McMath defeated Republican nominee Jefferson W. Speck with 84.13% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067418-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Armidale state by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Armidale on 11 February 1950 because of the resignation of David Drummond (Country) to successfully contest the federal seat of New England at the 1949 election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067419-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Army Cadets football team\nThe 1950 Army Cadets football team represented the United States Military Academy in the 1950 college football season. Led by head coach Earl Blaik, the team finished with an 8\u20131 record. The Cadets offense scored 267 points, while the defense allowed 40 points. Bob Blaik was the starting quarterback.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067419-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Army Cadets football team\nTom Lombardo, the captain of the 1944 Army team, was killed in action in Korea. Two weeks before the Army\u2013Navy Game, Johnny Trent, the captain of the 1949 Army team, was killed in action. Trent, and Arnold Galiffa, the starting quarterback of the 1949 Army team, were sent with the Eighth Army to Korea. With President Harry S. Truman in attendance, Navy beat Army by a score of 14\u20132. It was the first time Navy had beaten Army since 1943.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067420-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Artistic Gymnastics World Championships\nThe 12th Artistic Gymnastics World Championships were held in Basel, the second largest city of Switzerland, on July 14-16, 1950. 20,000 spectators watched the championships, held for the first time in Switzerland, and the Swiss team was very successful in front of the home crowd.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067421-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Assam\u2013Tibet earthquake\nThe 1950 Assam\u2013Tibet earthquake, also known as the Assam earthquake, occurred on 15 August and had a moment magnitude of 8.6. The epicentre was located in the Mishmi Hills in  India, known in Chinese as the Qilinggong Mountains (\u7941\u7075\u516c\u5c71), south of the Kangri Karpo and just east of the Himalayas in the North-East Frontier Agency part of Assam, India. This area, south of the McMahon Line and now known as Arunachal Pradesh, is today disputed between China and India. It is the strongest earthquake ever recorded on land.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067421-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Assam\u2013Tibet earthquake\nOccurring on a Tuesday evening at 7:39 pm Indian Standard Time, the earthquake was destructive in both Assam (India) and Tibet (China), and approximately 4,800 people were killed. The earthquake is notable as being the largest recorded quake caused by continental collision rather than subduction, and is also notable for the loud noises produced by the quake and reported throughout the region.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067421-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Assam\u2013Tibet earthquake, Geology\nIn an attempt to further uncover the seismic history of Northeast India, field studies were conducted by scientists with the National Geophysical Research Institute and Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar. The study discovered signs of soil liquefaction including sills and sand volcanoes inside of at least twelve trenches in alluvial fans and on the Burhi Dihing River Valley that were formed by past seismic activity. Radiocarbon dating identified the deposits at roughly 500 years old, which would correspond with a recorded earthquake in 1548.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 36], "content_span": [37, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067421-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Assam\u2013Tibet earthquake, Earthquake\nThe earthquake occurred in the rugged mountainous areas between the Himalayas and the Hengduan Mountains. The earthquake was located just south of the McMahon Line between India and Tibet, and had devastating effects in both regions. Today this area is claimed as part of Zay\u00fc and M\u00eadog Counties in the Tibet Autonomous Region by China, and as part of Lohit District in Arunachal Pradesh by India. This great earthquake has a calculated magnitude of 8.6 and is regarded as one of the most important since the introduction of seismological observing stations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 598]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067421-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Assam\u2013Tibet earthquake, Earthquake\nIt was the sixth largest earthquake of the 20th century. It is also the largest known earthquake to have not been caused by an oceanic subduction. Instead, this quake was caused by two continental plates colliding.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067421-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Assam\u2013Tibet earthquake, Earthquake\nAftershocks were numerous; many of them were of magnitude 6 and over and well enough recorded at distant stations for reasonably good epicentre location. From such data the Indian Seismological Service established an enormous geographical spread of this activity, from about 90 deg to 97 deg east longitude, with the epicentre of the great earthquake near the eastern margin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067421-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 Assam\u2013Tibet earthquake, Impact\nThe 1950 Assam\u2013Tibet earthquake had devastating effects on both Assam and Tibet. In Assam, 1,526 fatalities were recorded and another 3,300 were reported in Tibet for a total of approximately 4,800 deaths.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 35], "content_span": [36, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067421-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 Assam\u2013Tibet earthquake, Impact\nAlterations of relief were brought about by many rock falls in the Mishmi Hills and surrounding forested regions. In the Abor Hills, 70 villages were destroyed with 156 casualties due to landslides. Landslides blocked the tributaries of the Brahmaputra. In the Dibang Valley, a landslide lake burst without causing damage, but another at Subansiri River opened after an interval of 8 days and the wave, 7\u00a0m (23\u00a0ft) high, submerged several villages and killed 532 people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 35], "content_span": [36, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067421-0008-0000", "contents": "1950 Assam\u2013Tibet earthquake, Impact\nThe shock was more damaging in Assam, in terms of property loss, than the earthquake of 1897. In addition to the extreme shaking, there were floods when the rivers rose high after the earthquake bringing down sand, mud, trees, and all kinds of debris. Pilots flying over the meizoseismal area reported great changes in topography. This was largely due to enormous landslides, some of which were photographed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 35], "content_span": [36, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067421-0009-0000", "contents": "1950 Assam\u2013Tibet earthquake, Impact\nIn Tibet, Heinrich Harrer reported strong shaking in Lhasa and loud cracking noises from the earth. Aftershocks were felt in Lhasa for days. In Rima, Tibet (modern-day Zay\u00fc Town), Frank Kingdon-Ward, noted violent shaking, extensive slides, and the rise of the streams. Helen Myers Morse, an American missionary living in Putao, northern Burma at the time, wrote letters home describing the main shake, the numerous aftershocks, and of the noise coming out of the earth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 35], "content_span": [36, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067421-0010-0000", "contents": "1950 Assam\u2013Tibet earthquake, Impact\nOne of the more westerly aftershocks, a few days later, was felt more extensively in Assam than the main shock. This led certain journalists to the belief that the later shock was 'bigger' and must be the greatest earthquake of all time. This is a typical example of the confusion between the essential concepts of magnitude and intensity. The extraordinary sounds heard by Kingdon-Ward and many others at the times of the main earthquake have been specially investigated. Seiches were observed as far away as Norway and England. (p. 63\u201364.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 35], "content_span": [36, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067421-0011-0000", "contents": "1950 Assam\u2013Tibet earthquake, Future threat\nAn article in Science, published in response to the 2001 Bhuj earthquake, calculated that 70 percent of the Himalayas could experience an extremely powerful earthquake. The prediction came from research of the historical records from the area as well as the presumption that since the 1950 Medog earthquake enough slippage has taken place for a large earthquake to occur. In 2015, the Himalayas were hit by a 7.8-magnitude earthquake with an epicenter further west in Nepal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 42], "content_span": [43, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067422-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Atlanta transit strike\nThe Atlanta transit strike of 1950 was a lengthy transit strike that lasted from May 18, 1950, to November 16, 1950, in Atlanta, Georgia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067422-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Atlanta transit strike\nA month after author Margaret Mitchell was struck and killed by a taxi during a year when trolleys had killed five, there was a call in the city to increase safety on city streets. The city council passed an ordinance which required all cab and trolley drivers to apply for a permit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067422-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Atlanta transit strike\nIt required a $5 fee and a fingerprint which was the only method at the time to trace criminal records.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067422-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Atlanta transit strike\nThe fingerprinting in particular was fought by Jesse Walton, president of Amalgamated Street Car Local 732, first in court cases which losses he appealed up to the United States Supreme Court (who declined to hear).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067422-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Atlanta transit strike\nStill not willing to comply, Walton called for a strike which began on May 18, 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067422-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Atlanta transit strike\nPolice Chief Herbert Jenkins suspended all force vacations to staff downtown intersections all day long to handle the great increase in automobile traffic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067422-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 Atlanta transit strike\nMayor William Hartsfield called for legalized jitneys (which required a similar permit) to help reduce some of the traffic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067422-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 Atlanta transit strike\nThe strike was to last 37 days and as Hartsfield's law was written, jitney permits were immediately revoked.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067422-0008-0000", "contents": "1950 Atlanta transit strike\nThe union voted to get permits on November 16, 1950, and found themselves working for a new company, the Atlanta Transit Company, as the former transit operator in Atlanta, Georgia Power, used this opportunity to get out of the transit business.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067422-0009-0000", "contents": "1950 Atlanta transit strike\nThis article related to a strike action or other labor dispute is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067423-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Atlantic hurricane season\nThe 1950 Atlantic hurricane season was the first year in the Atlantic hurricane database (HURDAT) that storms were given names in the Atlantic basin. Names were taken from the Joint Army/Navy Phonetic Alphabet, with the first named storm being designated \"Able\", the second \"Baker\", and so on. It was a very active season with sixteen\u00a0tropical storms, with eleven of them developing into hurricanes. Six of these hurricanes were intense enough to be classified as major hurricanes\u2014a denomination reserved for storms that attained sustained winds equivalent to a Category 3 or greater on the present-day Saffir\u2013Simpson scale.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 655]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067423-0000-0001", "contents": "1950 Atlantic hurricane season\nOne storm, the twelfth of the season, was unnamed and was originally excluded from the yearly summary, and three additional storms were discovered in re-analysis. The large quantity of strong storms during the year yielded, prior to modern reanalysis, what was the highest seasonal accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) of the 20th century in the Atlantic basin; 1950 held the seasonal ACE record until broken by the 1995 Atlantic hurricane season. However, later examination by researchers determined that several storms in the 1950 season were weaker than thought, leading to a lower ACE than assessed originally. This season also set the record for the most tropical storms, eight, in the month of October.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 735]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067423-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Atlantic hurricane season\nThe tropical cyclones of the season produced a total of 88\u00a0fatalities and $38.5\u00a0million in property damage (1950\u00a0USD). The first officially named Atlantic hurricane was Hurricane Able, which formed on August\u00a012, brushed the North Carolina coastline, and later moved across Atlantic Canada. The strongest hurricane of the season, Hurricane Dog, reached the equivalent of a Category 4 hurricane on the Saffir\u2013Simpson scale and caused extensive damage to the Leeward Islands.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067423-0001-0001", "contents": "1950 Atlantic hurricane season\nTwo major hurricanes affected Florida: Easy produced the highest 24-hour rainfall total recorded in the United States, while King struck downtown Miami as a Category 4 hurricane and caused $27.75\u00a0million (1950\u00a0USD) of damage. The two major landfalls made the 1945\u20131950 period the only five-year period to feature five major hurricane landfalls in the United States\u2014a record that held until tied in 2000\u20132005. The last storm of the year, an unnamed tropical storm, dissipated on November\u00a013.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067423-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Atlantic hurricane season, Seasonal summary\nThe season officially began on June\u00a015 and ended on November\u00a015; these dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the Atlantic basin. This season was the first time that the United States Weather Bureau operated with radar technology to observe hurricanes 200\u00a0mi (320\u00a0km) away from land. Although the season began on June\u00a015, tropical activity typically does not begin before August. The tropics remained tranquil through early August, and the U.S. Weather Bureau noted that the season had been \"remarkably quiet\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 48], "content_span": [49, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067423-0002-0001", "contents": "1950 Atlantic hurricane season, Seasonal summary\nThe inactive period ended on August\u00a012, when the first tropical storm developed east of the Lesser Antilles. This storm received the name \"Able\" as part of the Joint Army/Navy Phonetic Alphabet. (The same alphabet was also used in the 1951 and 1952 seasons, before being replaced by female naming in 1953.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 48], "content_span": [49, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067423-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Atlantic hurricane season, Seasonal summary\nBefore the end of August, four hurricanes had formed in the Atlantic, two of which attained major hurricane status. A major hurricane is a tropical cyclone with winds of at least 111\u00a0mph (179\u00a0km/h); a storm of this intensity would be classified as a Category\u00a03 or greater on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale introduced in the 1970s. In contrast to the busy August, only three named storms developed in September\u2014although three of the August hurricanes lasted into September.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 48], "content_span": [49, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067423-0003-0001", "contents": "1950 Atlantic hurricane season, Seasonal summary\nHurricane Dog became the strongest hurricane of the season on September\u00a06 with winds of 145\u00a0mph (233\u00a0km/h); its peak strength occurred over the open Atlantic Ocean, so it did not cause significant damage when it was at its strongest. It was among the most severe hurricanes on record in Antigua, where the hurricane struck early in its duration. Eight tropical storms or hurricanes formed in October, which is greater than in any other year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 48], "content_span": [49, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067423-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Atlantic hurricane season, Seasonal summary\nIn total, there were sixteen tropical storms during the season, of which five (Tropical Storm How, Tropical Storm Mike and three unnamed tropical storms) did not attain hurricane status. Overall, six major hurricanes occurred during the year. The Hurricane Hunters made about 300\u00a0flights into hurricanes during the season, the most since the practice began in 1943. The number of storms was above average; in a typical year, eleven tropical storms, six hurricanes, and between two and three major hurricanes take place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 48], "content_span": [49, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067423-0004-0001", "contents": "1950 Atlantic hurricane season, Seasonal summary\nWith the numerous major hurricanes, the season produced a high accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) of 211, although it was originally assessed as 243 before reanalysis. At one point, the 1950 total was the highest on record, before being surpassed by the 2005 season. This value is an approximation of the combined kinetic energy used by all tropical cyclones throughout the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 48], "content_span": [49, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067423-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Able\nThe beginning of the hurricane season was inactive, with the formation of no tropical cyclones during June or July. The first storm of the year originated from a tropical wave that exited the west coast of Africa around August\u00a05. Its status over the next few days were unknown due to sparse observations. On August\u00a012, the system was designated Tropical Storm Able east of the Lesser Antilles, which strengthened to hurricane status on August\u00a014. Able gradually intensified as it tracked generally west-northwestward, and by 12:00\u00a0UTC on August\u00a017, Able became a major hurricane.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 635]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067423-0005-0001", "contents": "1950 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Able\nInitially, Able was thought to pose a threat to the Bahamas and Florida. Instead, the hurricane turned to the northwest, reaching its peak intensity as a strong Category 3 hurricane, with winds of 125\u00a0mph (201\u00a0km/h). The storm later turned to the northeast, passing just offshore Cape Hatteras, North Carolina and Cape Cod. Steadily weakening and accelerating, Able struck Nova Scotia as a minimal hurricane, and later struck Newfoundland as an extratropical storm. It dissipated early on August\u00a024 in the far northern Atlantic Ocean.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 590]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067423-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Able\nAlong the coast of North Carolina, the hurricane produced light winds and rough waves, as well as moderate precipitation. Heavier rainfall occurred in southern New England, causing flooding in portions of New York City and producing slick roads that caused nine traffic fatalities. Able produced hurricane-force winds in Nova Scotia, and damage across Canada totaled over $1\u00a0million (1950\u00a0CAD, $11.2\u00a0million 2021\u00a0USD) in the agriculture, communications, and fishing industries. Two people died in Canada when their raft was overturned.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 591]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067423-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Baker\nA tropical wave exited western Africa on August\u00a013, which developed into Tropical Storm Baker east of the Lesser Antilles on August\u00a018. It moved northwestward and later turned to the west, attaining hurricane status on August\u00a021. The next day, the hurricane attained Category 2 intensity just as it crossed over Antigua, where heavy damage was reported. More than 100\u00a0homes were damaged or destroyed, which left thousands homeless. Afterward, the hurricane began to weaken, and later on August\u00a022 its winds decreased to tropical storm status. The cyclone then struck Montserrat as a strong tropical storm.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 662]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067423-0007-0001", "contents": "1950 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Baker\nThe next day it struck southwestern Puerto Rico, and shortly thereafter weakened into a tropical depression, passing over the Dominican Republic. Baker turned more to the west, re-attaining tropical storm status before striking eastern Cuba on August\u00a024. In Cuba, 37 people died, and the property losses reached several million dollars.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067423-0008-0000", "contents": "1950 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Baker\nOn August\u00a025, Baker weakened to tropical depression status while crossing Cuba, but soon thereafter regained tropical storm intensity in the western Caribbean Sea. Two days later, Baker entered the Gulf of Mexico, and by the next day Baker had regained hurricane status. It turned northward, reaching a peak intensity of 105\u00a0mph (169\u00a0km/h) on August\u00a030. Baker weakened slightly before making landfall near Gulf Shores, Alabama with winds of 85\u00a0mph (137\u00a0km/h) on August\u00a031. Property and crop damage totaled $2.55\u00a0million (1950\u00a0USD), primarily between Mobile, Alabama and Saint Marks, Florida.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 648]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067423-0008-0001", "contents": "1950 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Baker\nTorrential rainfall fell throughout the region, with the largest total occurring in Caryville, Florida, where 15.49\u00a0in (393\u00a0mm) of precipitation were recorded. The heavy precipitation was responsible for extensive crop damage across the region. The hurricane also spawned two tornadoes, one of which destroyed four houses and a building in Apalachicola, Florida. In Birmingham, Alabama, high wind downed power lines, which caused one death and two injuries due to live wires. While inland, Baker tracked northwestward and eventually dissipated over southeastern Missouri on September\u00a01.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 643]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067423-0009-0000", "contents": "1950 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Charlie\nHurricane Charlie developed on August\u00a021 to the southwest of the Cape Verde islands. At the time, the Weather Bureau did not consider Charlie to be a tropical cyclone until almost a week later. For four days, the storm tracked generally to the west as a weak tropical storm. On August\u00a025, it turned to the northwest and intensified, becoming a hurricane on August\u00a028. On August\u00a030, Charlie attained peak winds of 110\u00a0mph (180\u00a0km/h), although the Hurricane Hunters estimated higher winds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 58], "content_span": [59, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067423-0009-0001", "contents": "1950 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Charlie\nAt the time, the hurricane was stalled to the east-southeast of Bermuda, and subsequently turned to a westward drift. On September\u00a02, Charlie turned to the north and northeast. At the time, it co-existed with two other hurricanes, Dog and Easy; it is a rare occurrence for three hurricanes to exist simultaneously in the Atlantic. Charlie slowly weakened and lost tropical characteristics, and by September\u00a05 Charlie had transitioned into an extratropical cyclone about 480\u00a0mi (770\u00a0km) southeast of Halifax, Nova Scotia. It dissipated later on September\u00a05 without having affected land.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 58], "content_span": [59, 644]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067423-0010-0000", "contents": "1950 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Dog\nHurricane Dog is believed to have developed from a tropical wave that left the coast of Africa on August\u00a024. Its first observation as a tropical cyclone occurred on August\u00a030, when it was a 90\u00a0mph (140\u00a0km/h) hurricane; the storm is believed to have begun farther east as a Cape Verde-type hurricane, but was not detectable before August 30. At the time, Dog was located east of the Lesser Antilles, and it quickly attained major hurricane status as it moved to the west-northwest. Dog passed through the Lesser Antilles with winds of 130\u00a0mph (210\u00a0km/h). It was considered among the worst hurricanes in the history of Antigua, where thousands were left homeless. Damage was estimated at $1\u00a0million (1950\u00a0USD, $10.8\u00a0million 2021\u00a0USD), and there were two deaths from drowning in the region.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 842]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067423-0011-0000", "contents": "1950 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Dog\nAfter passing through the Leeward Islands, the hurricane turned to a northerly drift with continued intensification. On September\u00a05, it attained wind speeds that would be equivalent to a Category 4 hurricane on the present-day Saffir-Simpson scale, with sustained winds of 145\u00a0mph (233\u00a0km/h). Operationally, the wind intensity value was estimated by Hurricane Hunters at 185\u00a0mph (298\u00a0km/h) when the hurricane was located about 450\u00a0mi (720\u00a0km) south-southwest of Bermuda; this estimate is now believed to have been an overestimation of the peak winds in Hurricane Dog, though the storm produced enormous wave heights at sea.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 678]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067423-0012-0000", "contents": "1950 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Dog\nMaintaining peak intensity for about 18\u00a0hours, Dog began a weakening trend as it made a sharp turn to the west. It accelerated to the north on September\u00a010, and two days later Dog passed within 200\u00a0mi (320\u00a0km) of Cape Cod. Newspapers attributed heavy rainfall in the Mid-Atlantic states\u2014which resulted in five deaths\u2014to the hurricane. Further north, the hurricane killed 12\u00a0people in New England, and produced a total of $2\u00a0million (1950\u00a0USD, $21.5\u00a0million 2021\u00a0USD) of property damage. Twelve others died in two shipwrecks off the coast of Canada. The hurricane later became a strong extratropical cyclone, maintaining hurricane-force winds while passing south of Nova Scotia and eventually hitting Scotland with hurricane-force gusts on September\u00a018.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 807]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067423-0013-0000", "contents": "1950 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Easy\nHurricane Easy developed on September\u00a01 from a trough in the western Caribbean, which persisted after Hurricane Baker moved through the region in late August. Moving northeastward, the hurricane crossed Cuba on September\u00a03 and entered the Gulf of Mexico. Easy turned to the northwest and strengthened to its peak intensity as a Category 3 hurricane. At the time, Easy was located just off the west coast of Florida; however, a ridge to its north caused the hurricane to stall, execute a small loop, and make landfall near Cedar Key. Following the landfall, Easy moved offshore, turned to the southeast, and made a second landfall near Hernando Beach on September\u00a06. The hurricane turned northwestward over the Florida Peninsula, and gradually weakened as it moved into Georgia and the southeastern United States. On September\u00a09, Easy dissipated over northeastern Arkansas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 928]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067423-0014-0000", "contents": "1950 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Easy\nDamage in Cuba was minor, although large portions of western Florida experienced hurricane-force winds and heavy rainfall. Yankeetown reported 38.70\u00a0in (983\u00a0mm) of precipitation in 24\u00a0hours, which at the time was the largest 24-hour rainfall total on record in the United States. The cumulative total rainfall on Yankeetown from Easy was 45.20\u00a0in (1,148\u00a0mm), which still retains the record for the wettest tropical cyclone in Florida. Damage was heaviest in Cedar Key, where half of the houses were destroyed and most of the remaining were damaged. The rainfall caused heavy crop damage in the region. Across the state, Easy caused $3\u00a0million in damage (1950\u00a0USD), the total was less than expected, due to the sparse population of the affected area. Additionally, the hurricane was indirectly responsible for two deaths by electrocution. At the time, Easy was also known as the \"Cedar Keys Hurricane\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 957]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067423-0015-0000", "contents": "1950 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Fox\nOn September\u00a08, Tropical Storm Fox was present in the open Atlantic Ocean between the Lesser Antilles and Cape Verde, likely originating from a tropical wave. Hurricane Fox was first discovered by Hurricane Hunters on September\u00a010, when it was located about 1,000\u00a0mi (1,600\u00a0km) east of Puerto Rico. A small system, the hurricane moved generally northwestward and gradually intensified. After turning toward the north, Fox reached its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 140\u00a0mph (230\u00a0km/h) on September\u00a014, as it passed about 300\u00a0mi (480\u00a0km) east of Bermuda.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 623]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067423-0015-0001", "contents": "1950 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Fox\nFollowing its peak intensity, the hurricane accelerated to the north and northeast. By September\u00a017, Fox had lost all tropical characteristics, and later that day the circulation dissipated about halfway between the Azores and Newfoundland. Fox never affected land along its path. When Fox dissipated, it was the first time in 36\u00a0days without an active tropical cyclone in the Atlantic Ocean.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067423-0016-0000", "contents": "1950 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane George\nTropical Storm George originated on September\u00a027 from a strong tropical wave northeast of the Lesser Antilles and southeast of Bermuda. A large system, it moved to the northwest and later west-northwest. George began strengthening on September\u00a030 as it decreased its forward speed. The next day, while remaining nearly stationary south of Bermuda, a nearby ship reported that George had reached hurricane status. It continued moving very slowly, passing only 100\u00a0mi (160\u00a0km) south of Bermuda. The island experienced winds of 30 to 40\u00a0mph (48 to 64\u00a0km/h). Aside from rainbands, little impact was reported on Bermuda.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 57], "content_span": [58, 673]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067423-0017-0000", "contents": "1950 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane George\nThe hurricane passed west of Bermuda on October\u00a03. A day later, George reached its maximum intensity, attaining sustained winds of 110\u00a0mph (180\u00a0km/h); in its small eye, an Air Force Hurricane Hunter plane measured a central pressure of 960\u00a0mb (28.35\u00a0inHg). It accelerated to the north and later to the northeast, and on October\u00a05 George transitioned into an extratropical cyclone. Shortly thereafter, it passed just south of Newfoundland, and on October\u00a07 the remnants of George dissipated south of Iceland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 57], "content_span": [58, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067423-0018-0000", "contents": "1950 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm How\nA weak trough existed in the eastern Gulf of Mexico on September\u00a029. A circulation developed within the storm, becoming a tropical depression on October\u00a01. Later that day, the system intensified into Tropical Storm How. Initially, the tropical storm moved west-northwestward and its sustained winds peaked by October\u00a02, estimated at 45\u00a0mph (72\u00a0km/h). Officials advised small boats to remain at port along the Louisiana coast due to the storm. On October\u00a03, Tropical Storm How turned toward the southwest as it began weakening, and the next day it moved ashore near La Pesca, Tamaulipas as a tropical depression. About six hours after making landfall, How dissipated over the Sierra Madre Oriental in northeastern Mexico.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 780]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067423-0019-0000", "contents": "1950 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Item\nOn October\u00a04, a trough was present in the western Caribbean Sea, and was possibly a tropical cyclone. Moving northwest, the system crossed the Yucat\u00e1n Peninsula and became disrupted, while also associating with a cold front. It emerged into the Gulf of Mexico on October\u00a07 and became more defined. On the next day, the system developed into Tropical Storm Item off the northwest coast of the Yucat\u00e1n Peninsula. The storm moved to the southwest and intensified into a hurricane on October\u00a09, reaching peak winds of 105\u00a0mph (169\u00a0km/h) on the next day based on Hurricane Hunters observations. It is possible that Item was stronger, due to the storm's small size but lack of direct observations. On October\u00a011, the hurricane made landfall at 04:00\u00a0UTC near Nautla, Veracruz, with peak gusts of 110\u00a0mph (180\u00a0km/h). The hurricane quickly dissipated over land.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 909]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067423-0020-0000", "contents": "1950 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Item\nIn the sparsely populated area where Item moved ashore, the hurricane dropped heavy rainfall. Newspaper reports considered it the worst storm to hit Mexico in ten years, with damage in Veracruz totaling around $1.5\u00a0million (1950\u00a0USD, $16.1\u00a0million 2021\u00a0USD). The strong winds sank 20\u00a0ships, and although there were no reports of casualties, Item caused 15\u00a0injuries. Communications were disrupted across the region, and downed trees blocked roads. Near Tuxpam, the winds damaged large areas of banana plantations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067423-0021-0000", "contents": "1950 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Jig\nA tropical storm was first observed on October\u00a011 in the central Atlantic Ocean, northeast of the Lesser Antilles and southeast of Bermuda. Two days later, a ship reported strong winds and a rapid pressure drop, indicating a hurricane was in the region; the tropical cyclone was given the name Jig. It moved northwestward, steadily intensifying before turning to the north and northeast.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067423-0021-0001", "contents": "1950 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Jig\nOn October\u00a015, Hurricane Jig passed about 300\u00a0mi (480\u00a0km) east of Bermuda, and later that day its sustained winds reach peak winds of 115\u00a0mph (185\u00a0km/h), although the intensity was uncertain, based on estimates from the Hurricane Hunters. The hurricane began weakening on October\u00a016. Jig became an extratropical cyclone later that day and quickly dissipated, never having affected land due to its small size.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067423-0022-0000", "contents": "1950 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane King\nA trough was present in the western Caribbean on October\u00a011. It is estimated that a tropical depression developed just off the north coast of Honduras on October\u00a013, which moved northeastward and intensified into Tropical Storm King the next day. The tropical storm was a small weather system throughout its duration. On October\u00a016, King reached hurricane strength while the passing between Jamaica and the Cayman Islands. The next day, King struck Cuba near Camag\u00fcey, Cuba with winds of 90\u00a0mph (140\u00a0km/h), equivalent to an upper-end Category 1 hurricane. The hurricane killed seven people and caused $2\u00a0million (1950\u00a0USD, $21.5\u00a0million 2021\u00a0USD) in damage throughout the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 736]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067423-0023-0000", "contents": "1950 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane King\nAfter crossing Cuba, King rapidly deepened as it turned toward South Florida, becoming the sixth and final major hurricane of the season on October\u00a018. King made landfall around 04:30\u00a0UTC on October\u00a018, with estimated winds of 130\u00a0mph (210\u00a0km/h), or a Category\u00a04 on the Saffir-Simpson scale; it was the most severe hurricane to impact the city since the 1926 Miami hurricane. As it approached Miami, the hurricane had a radius of maximum winds of 6\u00a0mi (9.7\u00a0km), and a minimum pressure of 955\u00a0mbar (28.2\u00a0inHg) was reported as King moved across the city. The swath of destructive winds was only 14\u00a0mi (23\u00a0km), likened to a small tornado. Early on October\u00a019, King weakened to tropical storm status over north-central Florida, and on the next day it dissipated over western Georgia. There was one additional death in Georgia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 878]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067423-0024-0000", "contents": "1950 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane King\nAcross Florida, damage totaled $27.75\u00a0million (1950\u00a0USD, $298\u00a0million 2021\u00a0USD), of which $15\u00a0million (1950\u00a0USD, $161\u00a0million 2021\u00a0USD) was in the Miami metropolitan area. A preliminary survey indicated there were 12,290\u00a0houses damaged in the region, with an additional eight destroyed. Along its path through the state, strong winds were observed around Lake Okeechobee, with a 93\u00a0mph (150\u00a0km/h) gust in Clewiston. Overall, there were three deaths in the state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067423-0025-0000", "contents": "1950 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Twelve\nA tropical storm was present in the east-central Atlantic on October\u00a017. It moved northwestward at first before turning to the northeast on October\u00a019, when it was already a small, compact tropical cyclone. The storm steadily intensified as it tracked toward the Azores, and it reached a peak intensity of 70\u00a0mph (110\u00a0km/h) on October\u00a021. Maintaining its peak strength for 30\u00a0hours, the storm began a steady weakening trend before crossing through the southern Azores. It turned to the southeast, weakening to tropical depression status on October\u00a024. Subsequently, the system turned to the south and quickly dissipated. This tropical storm was not included in the Monthly Weather Review's summary of the 1950 hurricane season, and it was added to the Atlantic hurricane database in 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 851]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067423-0026-0000", "contents": "1950 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Love\nIn the wake of Hurricane King moving northward through Florida, an area of low pressure developed into a tropical cyclone on October\u00a018 south of Louisiana. This storm was given the name Love and quickly strengthened, reaching hurricane status shortly thereafter. The storm initially moved westward across the Gulf of Mexico, but soon swung southward into the central portion of the Gulf on October\u00a019. Hurricane Love's maximum sustained winds are believed to have reached their peak intensity early on October 20.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 569]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067423-0026-0001", "contents": "1950 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Love\nThroughout the hurricane's track, dry air infringed on the western side of the tropical cyclone's circulation, which produced unfavorable conditions for additional tropical cyclogenesis. On October\u00a020, the storm began curving northeastward towards the coast of western Florida; however, the dry air completely circled Love's center of circulation, drastically weakening the cyclone in the process. On October\u00a021, Love weakened to a tropical storm, and it struck the Big Bend region of Florida, north of Cedar Key. At the time, its winds were only of moderate gale force, and the storm degenerated into a trough of low pressure shortly thereafter. This combined with an approaching cold front to produce a powerful extratropical storm.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 790]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067423-0027-0000", "contents": "1950 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Love\nCertain areas began preparing for the storm along Florida's west coast. Hospitals set up emergency facilities in case of power failure, and some coastal residents left their homes. Initially, the storm was forecast to strike the Tampa area, but missed to the north as it weakened. It reportedly left little damage in the sparsely populated land where it made landfall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067423-0028-0000", "contents": "1950 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Mike\nA westerly moving trough was evident in the east-central Atlantic Ocean on October\u00a024, south of a dissipating cold front. Ships in the region reported light winds, and surface observations suggested that a circulation developed by October\u00a025; on that basis, it is estimated that a tropical depression formed. A nearby ship reported gale-force winds on October\u00a027, suggesting that it intensified into a tropical storm with peak winds of 45\u00a0mph (72\u00a0km/h). An approaching cold front turned the storm northward, which absorbed the storm on October\u00a028. The Air Weather Service (AWS) noted the system as \"Storm Mike\", but the storm was not included in the annual Monthly Weather Review summary, nor was it included in the database until it was added by the Atlantic hurricane reanalysis project in 2014.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 60], "content_span": [61, 858]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067423-0029-0000", "contents": "1950 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Fifteen\nShips in the eastern Atlantic Ocean suggested that a tropical storm was present on October\u00a028 with peak winds of 50\u00a0mph (80\u00a0km/h). It was estimated to have originated the previous day. The small storm moved to the northwest and later west into an area of sparse observations, suggesting a weaker system. The system's track ended on October\u00a029 due to uncertainty, but it was estimated to have dissipated soon after.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 63], "content_span": [64, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067423-0030-0000", "contents": "1950 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Sixteen\nFor several days in November, a trough was present across the west-central Atlantic Ocean. On November\u00a010, three ships reported a cyclonic circulation northeast of Bermuda, with peak winds of 70\u00a0mph (110\u00a0km/h). It was a large system, and would likely have been classified a subtropical cyclone in the satellite era. The storm moved northeastward and weakened, degenerating into a trough on November\u00a012 before being merging with another system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 63], "content_span": [64, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067423-0031-0000", "contents": "1950 Atlantic hurricane season, Storm names\nThis was the first season in the Atlantic hurricane database in which cyclones that attained at least tropical storm status were given names. The names used to name storms during the 1950 season were taken from the Joint Army/Navy Phonetic Alphabet, which was also used in the 1951 and 1952 hurricane seasons before being replaced by female names in 1953. Names that were not assigned are marked in gray.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 43], "content_span": [44, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067423-0032-0000", "contents": "1950 Atlantic hurricane season, Season effects\nThis is a table of all the storms that have formed in the 1950 Atlantic hurricane season. It includes their duration, names, landfall(s), denoted in parentheses, damages, and death totals. Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect (an example of an indirect death would be a traffic accident), but were still related to that storm. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical, a tropical wave, or a low, and all the damage figures are in 1950 USD.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067424-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Atl\u00e9tico Mineiro European tour\nThe 1950 Atl\u00e9tico Mineiro European tour was an episode in the history of Clube Atl\u00e9tico Mineiro, an association football club based in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, in which it played a series of friendly football matches against clubs in Europe, becoming the first club of Minas Gerais and also the first Brazilian at professional level to compete in that continent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067424-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Atl\u00e9tico Mineiro European tour\nAtl\u00e9tico Mineiro played ten matches on European soil from 1 November to 7 December 1950, touring through West Germany (where it took part in a Winter Tournament), Austria, Belgium, Luxembourg and France (including the Saar Protectorate). The Brazilian team won six matches, lost two and tied the remaining, scoring 24 goals and conceding 18.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067424-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Atl\u00e9tico Mineiro European tour\nHaving occurred at a time when neither national competitions in Brazil nor continental in South America exist, and in the wake of the traumatic Maracanazo, the tour and Atl\u00e9tico's results, many of which achieved under adverse weather conditions and snow, were seen by national sports media at the time as a historic achievement for Brazilian football.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067424-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Atl\u00e9tico Mineiro European tour, Background\nIn 1950, a commission formed by the German Football Association traveled to Brazil to choose a football club to a series of friendly matches in Germany against some of the country's club sides. The recency of both the Maracanazo, a traumatic event for Brazilian football, and World War II, in which Germany and Brazil were at opposite sides, may have made clubs from Rio de Janeiro and S\u00e3o Paulo, then the footballing centres of the country, refuse participation in the friendly tour. Eventually Atl\u00e9tico Mineiro, then state league champion of Minas Gerais, was selected. Canor Sim\u00f5es, a journalist and sports director of the time, was credited as influential in the choice.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 722]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067424-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Atl\u00e9tico Mineiro European tour, Tour\nAtl\u00e9tico Mineiro's delegation arrived in Frankfurt on 27 October, where it was welcomed by German sports media, as it was the first time a Brazilian club played in the country. From there, the team traveled to Munich, where it played its first match against 1860 M\u00fcnchen, from Oberliga S\u00fcd, on 1 November. The match was played at the Gr\u00fcnwalder Stadion, with 35,000 spectators, under a misty and cool weather, and Atl\u00e9tico won 4\u20133. Hamburg was the team's second stop, where it defeated Oberliga Nord winner Hamburger SV 4\u20130 in front of 20,000 people at the Rothenbaum, on 4 November.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 41], "content_span": [42, 625]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067424-0004-0001", "contents": "1950 Atl\u00e9tico Mineiro European tour, Tour\nOnly 24 hours later, Atl\u00e9tico Mineiro travelled to Bremen, and suffered the tour's first defeat: 1\u20133 to Werder (that also played in the Oberliga Nord) at the Weserstadion, with an attendance of 26,000. A one-week rest followed, after which the team traveled to Gelsenkirchen. Schalke 04, which went on to win that season's Oberliga West, was defeated 3\u20131. The encounter was a farewell match for Schalke legends Ernst Kuzorra and Fritz Szepan, and was attended by 30,000 at the Gl\u00fcckauf-Kampfbahn on 12 November.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 41], "content_span": [42, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067424-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Atl\u00e9tico Mineiro European tour, Tour\nFrom Germany, Atl\u00e9tico followed to Vienna, where 60,000 people saw the Brazilians lose 0\u20133 to a strong Rapid Wien side, which would form the backbone of the Austrian national team in the 1954 FIFA World Cup, the tour's worst result. Viennese press reported that Atl\u00e9tico Mineiro's players complained about refereeing (a supposed offside goal and a non-existent penalty to Rapid), as well as about the crowd's behaviour, which they saw as menacing (even though the home team's supporters were only raising their arms to applaud the visitors). On 20 November, the team played 1.FC Saarbr\u00fccken, then out of the German Football Association and playing in the French football league system because of Saarlands's French protectorate status; Atl\u00e9tico won the match by 2\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 41], "content_span": [42, 808]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067424-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 Atl\u00e9tico Mineiro European tour, Tour\nA trip to Belgium followed, where 40,000 watched the team beat Belgian First Division champions Anderlecht, led by forward Joseph Mermans, by a 2\u20131 score, on 22 November. On 26 November the club returned to Germany, where it tied with Oberliga Nord's Eintracht Braunschweig 3\u20133 at Eintracht-Stadion in front of 30,000 people. Another 3\u20133 tie followed, this time in Luxembourg against Union, increased by players from some other Luxembourger sides, on 5 December. The tour ended in Paris with a match against Stade Fran\u00e7ais on 7 December at Parc des Princes with a 4,000 attendance. Atl\u00e9tico won 2\u20131 under an extremely low temperature, which forced goalkeeper Kafunga to put his hands in a hot water bottle during the match, and caused midfielder Barbatana to suffer from hypothermia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 41], "content_span": [42, 825]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067424-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 Atl\u00e9tico Mineiro European tour, Tour\nThe tour ended in turmoil at European soil, however, as a disagreement between the club's board members and the German tour manager Eden Kaltenecker resulted in the disappearance of the latter and a shortage of money for the return trip to Brazil, which had to be ultimately funded by Minas Gerais State Government. A planned match against French champion Lille, to be played on 10 December, was also cancelled because of intense cold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 41], "content_span": [42, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067424-0008-0000", "contents": "1950 Atl\u00e9tico Mineiro European tour, Aftermath\nBrazilian press anticipated the return of the club's delegation, which was honored by the Brazilian Sports Confederation and received a standing ovation at the Maracan\u00e3 before a Campeonato Carioca match. The team was welcomed by over 50,000 people upon its return to Belo Horizonte, in what was described as an \"apotheotic\" celebration in the city streets. Despite not having an unbeaten run, sports media lauded Atl\u00e9tico Mineiro's tour as a historical success for the country's football, which had suffered a major setback with the Maracanazo in the same year. The results achieved under adverse conditions and snowy grounds led to the dubbing of the team as Campe\u00f5es do Gelo (Portuguese for \"Ice Champions\"), a feat remembered in the club's official anthem.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 46], "content_span": [47, 806]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067425-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Auburn Tigers football team\nThe 1950 Auburn Tigers football team represented Auburn University in the 1950 college football season. It was the Tigers' 59th overall and 18th season as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The team was led by head coach Earl Brown, in his third year, and played their home games at Cliff Hare Stadium in Auburn and the Cramton Bowl in Montgomery, Alabama. They finished winless with a record of zero wins and ten losses (0\u201310 overall, 0\u20137 in the SEC). In the February that followed the completion of the season, Brown was fired as head coach of the Tigers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 602]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067426-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Auckland City mayoral election\nThe 1950 Auckland City mayoral election was part of the New Zealand local elections held that same year. In 1950, elections were held for the Mayor of Auckland plus other local government positions including twenty-one city councillors. The polling was conducted using the standard first-past-the-post electoral method.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067427-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian Championships\nThe 1950 Australian Championships was a tennis tournament that took place on outdoor Grass courts at the Kooyong Stadium in Melbourne, Australia from 21 January to 30 January. It was the 38th edition of the Australian Championships (now known as the Australian Open), the 11th held in Melbourne, and the first Grand Slam tournament of the year. Australian Frank Sedgman and American Louise Brough Clapp won the singles titles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067427-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian Championships, Finals, Men's Doubles\nJohn Bromwich /  Adrian Quist defeated  Jaroslav Drobn\u00fd /  Eric Sturgess 6\u20133, 5\u20137, 4\u20136, 6\u20133, 8\u20136", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 52], "content_span": [53, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067427-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian Championships, Finals, Women's Doubles\nLouise Brough /  Doris Hart defeated  Nancye Wynne Bolton /  Thelma Coyne Long 6\u20132, 2\u20136, 6\u20133", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 54], "content_span": [55, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067427-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian Championships, Finals, Mixed Doubles\nDoris Hart /  Frank Sedgman defeated  Joyce Fitch /  Eric Sturgess 8\u20136, 6\u20134", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 52], "content_span": [53, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067428-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nFifth-seeded Frank Sedgman defeated Ken McGregor 6\u20133, 6\u20134, 4\u20136, 6\u20131 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1950 Australian Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067428-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian Championships \u2013 Men's Singles, Seeds\nThe seeded players are listed below. Frank Sedgman is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 52], "content_span": [53, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067429-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian Championships \u2013 Women's Singles\nFirst-seeded Louise Brough defeated Doris Hart, 6\u20134, 3\u20136, 6\u20134 in the final to win the Women's Singles tennis title at the 1950 Australian Championships. The event was played on outdoor grass courts in Melbourne, Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067429-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian Championships \u2013 Women's Singles, Seeds\nThe seeded players are listed below. Louise Brough is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 54], "content_span": [55, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067430-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian Grand Prix\nThe 1950 Australian Grand Prix was a motor race held at the Nuriootpa Road Circuit in South Australia on 2 January 1950. It was organised by the Sporting Car Club of South Australia, promoted by the Barossa Valley Vintage Festival Association and staged over 34 laps of the 7.0 kilometre circuit for a race distance of 164 kilometres. The race, which is recognized by the Confederation of Australian Motor Sport as the fifteenth Australian Grand Prix, was a Formula Libre race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067430-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian Grand Prix\nThe race utilised a handicap start with cars commencing progressively, slowest through to fastest, at timed intervals. The declared winner of the Grand Prix however, was the driver with the fastest elapsed race time, regardless of handicap. All other official awards were based on the handicap results, with an additional trophy awarded to the handicap winner and prize money paid for the first nine handicap places. Doug Whiteford, driving a Ford V8 Special, known as 'Black Bess', won his first Australian Grand Prix, completing the race distance almost three minutes faster than Rupert Steele, driving an Alfa Romeo. Jim Gullan, driving an Oldsmobile-powered Ballot Special recorded the third fastest race time and was also the official handicap winner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 783]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067430-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian Grand Prix, Classification\nThe above results rank all finishers based on actual race time, regardless of handicap. Officially, race results were based on handicap placings, with the exception of the actual Australian Grand Prix title itself, which was awarded to the driver setting the fastest race time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 42], "content_span": [43, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067430-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian Grand Prix, Classification\nIt is not known if the cars of McKenna and Douglas actually retired from the race or were still running when the race time expired.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 42], "content_span": [43, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067431-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian National Airways Douglas DC-4 crash\nOn 26 June 1950, a Douglas DC-4 Skymaster aircraft departed from Perth, Western Australia for an eight-hour flight to Adelaide, South Australia. It crashed 22 minutes after take-off, 35 miles (56\u00a0km) East from Perth Airport. All 29 occupants were killed in the accident; one initially survived, but died six days later. It was the worst civil aviation accident in Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067431-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian National Airways Douglas DC-4 crash\nAs the aircraft flew eastwards over the outer suburbs of Perth numerous witnesses observed that it was flying at a lower altitude than usual for the daily Skymaster services, and at least one of the engines was running roughly and backfiring at regular intervals. In the minutes before it crashed, witnesses heard a number of different engine noises \u2013 sometimes operating normally, sometimes all engine noise ceased, only to be replaced by what was described as a very loud, high-pitched \"scream\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067431-0001-0001", "contents": "1950 Australian National Airways Douglas DC-4 crash\nWhen the wrecked engines were examined many weeks after the accident a significant amount of corrosion product was found in the fuel system within two of the engines. After a preliminary investigation, Investigators from the Department of Civil Aviation believed the water responsible for the corrosion was also responsible for rough running of at least one engine, and ultimately temporary loss of power from all engines on at least one occasion. The Investigators did not find a likely source for the water.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067431-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian National Airways Douglas DC-4 crash\nAll but one of the 29 occupants on board the aircraft died, either from multiple injuries and burns, or from incineration. One elderly male passenger survived the crash. The first rescuers at the crash site found him wandering about, dazed and distressed. He suffered serious burns and was admitted to hospital where he died six days later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067431-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian National Airways Douglas DC-4 crash\nThe accident became the subject of an Inquiry chaired by a Supreme Court judge. In the absence of evidence indicating the source of any water in the fuel, the Inquiry dismissed the submission that water was responsible for the accident. The Inquiry did not determine the cause of the accident but it made recommendations to enhance the safety of aircraft operations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067431-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian National Airways Douglas DC-4 crash, The flight\nThe aircraft was the Amana, a Douglas DC-4-1009 registered VH-ANA and the flagship of the Australian National Airways fleet. It flew for the first time on 28 January 1946 and was flown to Australia on 9 February 1946.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 63], "content_span": [64, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067431-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian National Airways Douglas DC-4 crash, The flight\nThe Amana departed from Perth Airport at 9:55\u00a0pm for the 8-hour flight to Adelaide. On board were 24 passengers, 3 pilots and two air hostesses.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 63], "content_span": [64, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067431-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian National Airways Douglas DC-4 crash, The flight\nA radio report was received from the Amana at 10:00\u00a0pm advising it was on course and climbing to 9,000 feet. Nothing more was heard from the aircraft. As it flew east over the outer suburbs of Perth numerous people on the ground observed that it was flying unusually low, and heard at least one of its engines running roughly and backfiring repeatedly. Amana crashed at about 10:13\u00a0pm.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 63], "content_span": [64, 449]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067431-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian National Airways Douglas DC-4 crash, Crash\nA number of residents on farming properties to the west of York heard a large aircraft flying low over the area. The aircraft seemed to be in trouble because the noise from the engines was changing significantly. At times the engines seemed to be operating normally but on at least one occasion all engine noise ceased for a brief time and then returned as a very loud, high-pitched noise. One resident reported that when all engine noise ceased he could hear a rushing sound until the scream from the engines returned. Several residents reported seeing a bright flash of white light in the distance, followed by a loud crashing and scraping noise. Those closest to the crash could then see the yellow glow of a major fire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 58], "content_span": [59, 782]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067431-0008-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian National Airways Douglas DC-4 crash, Crash\nTen minutes after the Amana set course for Adelaide, a Douglas DC-4 operated by Trans Australia Airlines became airborne at Perth, also heading for Adelaide. As the TAA aircraft set course for Adelaide, the captain, Douglas MacDonald, saw a vivid white flash on the horizon in precisely the direction in which he was heading. It lasted about six seconds, long enough for him to draw it to the attention of the two other crew members. Eight minutes later, the TAA aircraft passed over a band of fire on the ground.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 58], "content_span": [59, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067431-0008-0001", "contents": "1950 Australian National Airways Douglas DC-4 crash, Crash\nMacDonald estimated the fire was 28 nautical miles (52\u00a0km) east of Perth Airport. As MacDonald approached Cunderdin, he was aware the Amana, flying about ten minutes ahead of him, had not yet radioed its position report at Cunderdin. He became concerned that the vivid white flash and the ground fire might indicate some tragedy had befallen the Amana so he advised Air Traffic Control about his observations. Air Traffic Control was also concerned about the Amana's failure to report at Cunderdin so on hearing MacDonald's observations of the vivid white flash and the ground fire they activated emergency procedures. They asked MacDonald to fly back to the fire and determine its position. MacDonald did so and advised Air Traffic Control of bearings from the fire to York and Northam, the towns nearest the crash site.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 58], "content_span": [59, 880]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067431-0009-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian National Airways Douglas DC-4 crash, Search and rescue\nFrank McNamara (62), an apiarist, and Geoff Inkpen (25), a young farmer, heard the sound of a big aircraft in serious trouble, flying low nearby. McNamara described the noise from the engines as \"terrifying\". They investigated and saw the bright light of a flash fire. McNamara sent his two teenage sons in his utility truck to York to alert the police. McNamara and Inkpen then set out on foot in the direction of the fire. As there was bright moonlight, they were able to hurry through the bush. After about half an hour, they came upon a scene of devastation. They were astonished to find an elderly man in a dazed state wandering around the burning wreckage. He gave his name and explained that he had been a passenger on a large aircraft. He had survived the crash despite being badly burned. No one else was found alive.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 70], "content_span": [71, 897]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067431-0010-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian National Airways Douglas DC-4 crash, Search and rescue\nIn response to notification from Air Traffic Control, three ambulances from Perth were despatched in the direction of the crash site, known to be somewhere between Chidlow and York. The crash site was several miles from the road so the ambulance crews travelled eastwards all the way to York without sighting a fire. The crews were eventually guided back along the main road and then along a dirt road that enabled them to drive to within three or four miles of the crash site. The crews then took their first-aid boxes and set out on foot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 70], "content_span": [71, 611]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067431-0011-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian National Airways Douglas DC-4 crash, Search and rescue\nFrank McNamara made a bed of leaves for the survivor and built a fire to help keep him as warm and comfortable as possible. McNamara stayed with the survivor while Inkpen went to summon help. After several hours, ambulance crews arrived and administered first-aid and morphia. Rescue workers constructed a stretcher using saplings, bandages and overcoats. They covered the survivor with an overcoat and carried him for two hours to cover about two miles through thickly wooded country to McNamara's utility truck, which then carried him and his rescuers to a waiting ambulance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 70], "content_span": [71, 648]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067431-0012-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian National Airways Douglas DC-4 crash, Search and rescue\nFrank McNamara and Geoff Inkpen were publicly thanked by the Minister for Civil Aviation for the great assistance they rendered to the rescue effort throughout the night. In a public letter to Frank McNamara, the minister acknowledged the unrelenting effort of McNamara and his sons under extremely difficult conditions. He also acknowledged McNamara's care of the survivor and regretted that McNamara was not rewarded by seeing the survivor recover. In a public letter to Geoff Inkpen, the Minister expressed his deep appreciation for Inkpen's actions on the night of the crash. During World War II, Inkpen had served in the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) as a navigator and the minister acknowledged that, in peacetime, Inkpen had continued to uphold \"the fine traditions\" of the RAAF.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 70], "content_span": [71, 861]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067431-0013-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian National Airways Douglas DC-4 crash, Fate of those onboard\nThe sole survivor was the 67-year-old Managing-Director of Forwood Down and Company Ltd., a South Australian engineering company. He was the oldest person on board the flight, and probably the most experienced air traveller. He was interviewed by police in hospital in Perth, but was not aware of much detail about the final minutes of the flight. He said there was no sign of fire prior to the crash and no announcement to passengers to fasten their seat belts. He died six days after the crash and was buried at the North Road cemetery in Adelaide, his home town.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 74], "content_span": [75, 640]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067431-0014-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian National Airways Douglas DC-4 crash, Fate of those onboard\nInvestigators believed the aircraft captain survived for a short time after the crash. His body was a short distance away from his seat and both were a few metres ahead of the wreckage where they had been thrown after the nose of the aircraft was split open in the impact with a large tree. The seat belt had not broken, but it had been undone. The captain's tunic was pulled up over his head as though to protect his face from the heat of the nearby inferno. Investigators believed he survived the crash and undid his seat belt to drag himself away from the fire. His body was not burnt, but autopsy showed both his legs were broken and he died from a fractured skull.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 74], "content_span": [75, 744]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067431-0015-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian National Airways Douglas DC-4 crash, Fate of those onboard\nPostmortem examinations were performed on the 28 victims of the crash. The two co-pilots died from multiple injuries. Twenty-three passengers and the two air hostesses were found to have died from multiple injuries and burns, or incineration. Only 12 of the 28 victims could be formally identified. The remaining 16 victims were either unrecognisable or unable to be identified and were buried in a mass grave at Perth's Karrakatta cemetery.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 74], "content_span": [75, 516]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067431-0016-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian National Airways Douglas DC-4 crash, Passengers\nOn its fatal flight the Amana was carrying 24 passengers, including 2 infants. All but one died in the crash or the ensuing inferno.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 63], "content_span": [64, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067431-0017-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian National Airways Douglas DC-4 crash, Investigation\nThree investigators from the Department of Civil Aviation began work at the crash scene the day after the accident. They found the Amana had crashed in a heavily timbered area on the Inkpen family property Berry Brow, on the easterly track between Perth airport and Kalgoorlie, at a point where the elevation was about 1,100 feet (340\u00a0m) above sea level. The aircraft struck the tops of tall gum trees while descending at an angle of about 15\u00b0 below horizontal. Its speed at impact was estimated at 250 miles per hour (400\u00a0km/h).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 66], "content_span": [67, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067431-0017-0001", "contents": "1950 Australian National Airways Douglas DC-4 crash, Investigation\nIt crashed through large trees, breaking them off as if they were matchsticks, before impacting the ground violently and gouging a long, wide furrow. The left wing was torn away from the fuselage and then the aircraft broke up and burst into flames. Only the rear fuselage with the fin and rudder were not affected by fire. The wreckage trail was about 280 yards (260\u00a0m) long and 35 yards (32\u00a0m) wide. At the time of impact the Amana's left wing was lower than its right, suggesting it may have been turning left. It was heading north, not east towards Cunderdin. Investigators speculated that the crew may have been turning with the intention of returning to Perth airport; or they may have been preparing for a crash-landing in a large clear area to the north of the crash site.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 66], "content_span": [67, 847]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067431-0018-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian National Airways Douglas DC-4 crash, Investigation\nPossibly as a result of rough-running of one or more of its engines, the Amana was observed flying over Perth's outer-eastern suburbs at an unusually low altitude. No witness report was received from anyone along the next 16 nautical miles (30\u00a0km) of the Amana's track from Perth's outer suburbs to within 5 nautical miles (9\u00a0km) of the crash site. In the minute before it crashed, eight witnesses heard a large aeroplane in distress and reported unusual engine noise, including engine noise ceasing on at least one occasion, followed by the sudden return of very loud engine noise.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 66], "content_span": [67, 649]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067431-0018-0001", "contents": "1950 Australian National Airways Douglas DC-4 crash, Investigation\nThis suggested that, on at least one occasion, none of the engines were producing power, followed by a resumption of power on some of the engines. The investigation team concluded that the Amana failed to reach its assigned altitude of 9,000 feet, and that it experienced intermittent engine problems of such severity that all engine power was lost on at least one occasion. Without power and with only one of its propellers feathered, a Douglas DC-4 loses altitude at a great rate, possibly as fast as 100 feet per second (6,000 feet per minute).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 66], "content_span": [67, 614]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067431-0019-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian National Airways Douglas DC-4 crash, Investigation\nEngines and propellers numbers 1 to 3 suffered substantial damage in the crash, but engine and propeller number 4 suffered much less damage. The investigators determined that at the time of impact, propellers 1, 2 and 3 were turning normally and their engines were producing power but propeller number 4 was feathered and its engine was not operating. There was also some evidence that action was taken by the crew to unfeather propeller number 4 in the moments before impact. None of the engines contained evidence of any internal failure prior to impact. All the magnetos were tested and the results indicated normal ignition was available to all engines up to the time of impact.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 66], "content_span": [67, 749]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067431-0020-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian National Airways Douglas DC-4 crash, Investigation\nEngine number 4 suffered only minor, external damage. It was dismantled by the investigation team in an attempt to determine why it might have been shut down by the crew. A substantial amount of corrosion product was found in the passages of the fuel flow meter on engine number 4. Western Australia's Deputy Mineralogist identified the corrosion product as magnesium hydroxide. This is a corrosion product formed by reaction of magnesium and water, suggesting the fuel passages had been filled with water in the months between the crash and the detailed examination of the engine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 66], "content_span": [67, 648]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067431-0020-0001", "contents": "1950 Australian National Airways Douglas DC-4 crash, Investigation\nCharles Gibbs, an engine specialist employed by the Department of Civil Aviation, estimated at least 45 cubic centimetres of water must have been involved. Rain falling on the crash site before engine number 4 was removed could not account for this much water in the fuel passages. Gibbs first examined the fuel system of engine number 4 and discovered the corrosion about two months after the accident. He conducted a test on an identical flow meter and found that after he left water in the fuel flow passages for approximately 8 weeks a similar amount of corrosion product developed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 66], "content_span": [67, 653]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067431-0020-0002", "contents": "1950 Australian National Airways Douglas DC-4 crash, Investigation\nThis suggested the rough running heard by witnesses on the ground may have been caused by water in the fuel reaching engine number 4. The steel rotor in the fuel pump of engine number 1 was slightly corroded but the fuel systems of engines 2 and 3 showed no evidence of corrosion. Investigators formed the opinion that the rough running heard by witnesses on the ground, and the crew's decision to shut down engine number 4 and feather its propeller, may have been related to water in the fuel reaching that engine. Similarly, the intermittent loss of power on all engines in the final minutes of the flight may indicate that all engines were receiving fuel contaminated with water.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 66], "content_span": [67, 749]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067431-0021-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian National Airways Douglas DC-4 crash, Investigation\nThe only abnormality found in all four engines was the vapour vent float in the fuel strainer chamber of the carburettors. The floats had been crushed by extreme fuel pressure. Inquiries were made to the engine manufacturer and other civil aviation authorities but none had prior experience of vapour vent floats collapsing. Tests on carburettors were also carried out in Australia by the Aeronautical Research Laboratories but without finding any suitable explanation. Whether the floats were crushed in flight or in the crash could not be determined, but even if it had occurred in flight it would not have affected operation of the engines.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 66], "content_span": [67, 710]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067431-0022-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian National Airways Douglas DC-4 crash, Investigation\nThe earliest reports from the crash site speculated that the Amana was already on fire when it struck the tops of trees because those trees, and pieces of the aircraft's left wing torn off in the impact with them, showed signs of scorching. Several eyewitnesses reported seeing flames in the sky before the aircraft struck the ground. Department of Civil Aviation investigators discounted this speculation because only one of the Amana's push-button engine fire extinguishers had activated and this had most likely occurred during the crash or the fire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 66], "content_span": [67, 620]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067431-0023-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian National Airways Douglas DC-4 crash, Investigation\nAustralian National Airways (ANA) ground staff in Sydney checked the Amana's fuel tanks for the presence of water prior to its first departure on 26 June. They found none. The Amana was subsequently re-fuelled in Melbourne and Adelaide but no check of the fuel tanks was made on these occasions. After being re-fuelled in Perth immediately prior to the fatal flight, the fuel filters in all 4 engines and the fuel drain serving the cross-feed pipe in the wing centre-section were all checked for the presence of water. The fuel tanks themselves were not checked, partly because, on the night of 26 June, the ground staff were \"pressed for time\" because one despatch engineer was absent due to illness.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 66], "content_span": [67, 768]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067431-0024-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian National Airways Douglas DC-4 crash, Investigation\nANA was of the opinion that if a small amount of water entered a fuel tank during refuelling it would only reach the drain cocks when the aircraft was in level flight so it could not be detected immediately after re-fuelling. For 15 years ANA had operated in the knowledge that the only satisfactory time to check fuel tanks for the presence of water was prior to the first flight of the day, after the aircraft had been stationary overnight. Throughout this time ANA checked fuel tanks for the presence of water prior to the first flight of the day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 66], "content_span": [67, 617]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067431-0025-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian National Airways Douglas DC-4 crash, Investigation\nPrior to its final flight, the Amana received 1,756 US gallons (6,650\u00a0L) of fuel from a tanker operated by the Vacuum Oil Company. The tanker had been checked for the presence of water in the morning and again at 6:30\u00a0pm, about 2 hours prior to re-fuelling the Amana. It had also supplied fuel to 3 de Havilland Dove aircraft, none of which suffered any engine problems or were found to have water in the fuel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 66], "content_span": [67, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067431-0026-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian National Airways Douglas DC-4 crash, Investigation\nThe Department of Civil Aviation performed tests on parts of the DC-4 fuel system. Tests on the engine fuel system showed that when the engine boost pump was operating, a vortex formed in the engine fuel tank. If a small amount of water was present, this vortex held the water in suspension and prevented it from entering the engine. The tests also showed that when the boost pump was turned off, the vortex dissipated and any water would soon find its way into the engine. Investigators believed this might explain why all engines were operating normally during the takeoff but at least one engine began to run roughly around the time the engine boost pumps would be turned off.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 66], "content_span": [67, 746]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067431-0027-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian National Airways Douglas DC-4 crash, Inquiry\nThe Minister for Civil Aviation, Thomas White, appointed Justice William Simpson of the ACT Supreme Court to conduct an Air Court of Inquiry into the crash of the Amana. The Inquiry opened in Perth on 7 February 1951. Justice Simpson was assisted by two assessors \u2013 Captain J.W. Bennett, a pilot with British Commonwealth Pacific Airlines; and Mr D.B. Hudson, an aeronautical engineer with Qantas Empire Airways. The Commonwealth Crown Solicitor was represented by L.D. Seaton and B. Simpson. Australian National Airways was represented by George Pape. The Department of Civil Aviation was represented by Henry Winneke. The Air Pilots' Association was represented by Francis Burt. The Inquiry sat in Perth for 12 days; heard evidence from 67 witnesses and concluded on Tuesday 20 February.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 60], "content_span": [61, 850]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067431-0028-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian National Airways Douglas DC-4 crash, Inquiry\nWestern Australia's Deputy Mineralogist gave evidence that he had identified magnesium hydroxide, a corrosion product, in fuel passages in one of Amana's engines. Counsel for the Department of Civil Aviation explained that evidence gathered during investigation of the crash indicated water in some of the fuel on board Amana was responsible for the corrosion products found in engines numbers 1 and 4; for the rough running of an engine heard by a number of witnesses; and for the intermittent failure of all engines, leading to the aircraft descending to ground level.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 60], "content_span": [61, 631]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067431-0028-0001", "contents": "1950 Australian National Airways Douglas DC-4 crash, Inquiry\nThe Inquiry heard evidence from the Department of Civil Aviation's Acting Chief Inspector of Air Accidents, C.A.J. Lum, a former RAAF Douglas Dakota pilot, who described his personal experience of a flight in 1946 in which all fuel tanks were checked for the presence of water prior to take-off and the flight proceeded normally for 20 minutes until both engines began running roughly. Lum returned to the aerodrome and checked again for water in the tanks, this time finding a significant amount of water. Counsel for the Vacuum Oil Co. explained that it was almost impossible for water to be introduced to an aircraft during refuelling, and vigorously rejected the theory that water in the fuel contributed to the crash.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 60], "content_span": [61, 783]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067431-0029-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian National Airways Douglas DC-4 crash, Inquiry\nCounsel for the Commonwealth Crown Solicitor presented evidence that the Amana was on fire before it first struck trees. Counsel for the widow of one of the victims suggested the crash may have been caused by the elevator trim tab jamming in the diving position.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 60], "content_span": [61, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067431-0030-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian National Airways Douglas DC-4 crash, Inquiry\nIn April 1951 Justice Simpson advised the Minister for Civil Aviation that new evidence had become available. The Minister gave permission for the Inquiry to be re-opened. The Inquiry re-opened in Melbourne on 4 June 1951. The Department of Civil Aviation had recently completed tests on the DC-4 fuel system. The tests showed that when an engine boost pump was operating, a vortex in the engine fuel tank prevented water from entering the engine. The tests also showed that when the boost pump was turned off, any water would soon find its way into the engine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 60], "content_span": [61, 622]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067431-0030-0001", "contents": "1950 Australian National Airways Douglas DC-4 crash, Inquiry\nThe Department of Civil Aviation believed this might explain why all engines were operating normally during the takeoff but at least one engine began to run roughly around the time the engine boost pumps would be turned off. However, Justice Simpson stated that the re-opened Inquiry served only to confirm his view that the Amana's loss of power was not due to water in the fuel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 60], "content_span": [61, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067431-0031-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian National Airways Douglas DC-4 crash, Inquiry\nJustice Simpson's report was tabled in the House of Representatives on 28 June 1951 by the new Minister for Civil Aviation, Larry Anthony. The Inquiry found that the Amana suffered total loss of engine power on at least one occasion, followed by rapid loss of height until it struck the ground. However, the evidence did not allow the court to determine the cause of the total loss of engine power. Consequently, the court was unable to determine the cause of the accident. Simpson stated he was satisfied water had not been introduced into the Amana's fuel system in Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide or Perth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 60], "content_span": [61, 666]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067431-0032-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian National Airways Douglas DC-4 crash, Inquiry\nThe Inquiry uncovered two deviations from the Air Navigation Regulations although it did not consider these deviations contributed to the accident:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 60], "content_span": [61, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067431-0033-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian National Airways Douglas DC-4 crash, Inquiry\nThe Inquiry also uncovered three irregularities in the safety regulation of civil aviation in Australia although none of these irregularities contributed to the accident. Justice Simpson's report contained recommendations to deal with the irregularities:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 60], "content_span": [61, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067431-0034-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian National Airways Douglas DC-4 crash, Inquiry\nDuring the House of Representatives debate on the report, the Minister, Larry Anthony, stated that he had already asked fuel companies to check their tanker wagons for the presence of water after each replenishment, and the relevant Air Navigation Order would be amended to require fuel to be drained into transparent containers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 60], "content_span": [61, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067431-0034-0001", "contents": "1950 Australian National Airways Douglas DC-4 crash, Inquiry\nHe stated that his Department did not intend to amend the relevant Air Navigation Order to require pilots of four-engine aeroplanes to perform the periodic checks in a four-engine aeroplane because it considered it was more challenging to fly with one engine inoperative in a two-engine aeroplane than in a four-engine aeroplane.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 60], "content_span": [61, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067431-0035-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian National Airways Douglas DC-4 crash, Subsequent speculation about cause of the crash\nInvestigators from the Department of Civil Aviation believed water in some of the fuel tanks of VH-ANA was responsible for rough running of one or more of the engines; and this ultimately led to intermittent failure of all the engines. The Inquiry led by Mr Justice Simpson found no evidence that there was significant water in the fuel tanks. No radio call was received from Amana to indicate the nature of any problem, or even that the crew was aware of a problem. The Inquiry concluded without determining the cause of the crash.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 100], "content_span": [101, 633]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067431-0036-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian National Airways Douglas DC-4 crash, Subsequent speculation about cause of the crash\nIn the weeks and months after conclusion of the Inquiry one possible explanation of the crash began to circulate among employees of ANA. This possibility began with one piece of evidence uncovered by the Inquiry during cross-examination of ANA's ground staff. It was reported that after sunrise the morning after the crash the one-gallon container used to check Amana's fuel filters was found empty and lying on its side on the apron a short distance from where Amana had been parked. The Inquiry attached no significance to this evidence and did not explore it further.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 100], "content_span": [101, 671]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067431-0037-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian National Airways Douglas DC-4 crash, Subsequent speculation about cause of the crash\nEmployees of ANA believed the container had last been used to drain fuel from the cross-feed drain cock, the fuel cock that serves the pipe in the wing centre-section for cross-feeding of fuel from tanks in one wing to engines in the other wing. Moments after this procedure commenced, the staff member was advised of a telephone call from his wife and he went to answer the telephone. With the cross-feed selector valves closed, little fuel ran out when the drain cock was opened.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 100], "content_span": [101, 582]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067431-0037-0001", "contents": "1950 Australian National Airways Douglas DC-4 crash, Subsequent speculation about cause of the crash\nSome employees believed that because no fuel was running out neither the staff member nor anyone else noticed the drain cock was still open. Due either to the wind or the slipstream from Amana's propellers as it began to taxi prior to take-off, the almost-empty container was blown over and rolled some distance along the apron where it was found the next morning.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 100], "content_span": [101, 465]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067431-0038-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian National Airways Douglas DC-4 crash, Subsequent speculation about cause of the crash\nSome employees of ANA speculated that approximately ten minutes after take-off the crew of Amana were aware of the seriousness of rough running on number 4 engine so decided to shut it down. Company procedures specified that if an operational problem occurred prior to reaching Kalgoorlie, 290 nautical miles (540\u00a0km) east of Perth, the aircraft was to return to Perth; but if a problem occurred after reaching Kalgoorlie the flight could continue to Adelaide. The Douglas DC-4 was capable of flying from Perth to Adelaide with one engine inoperative.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 100], "content_span": [101, 652]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067431-0038-0001", "contents": "1950 Australian National Airways Douglas DC-4 crash, Subsequent speculation about cause of the crash\nThe crew of Amana on the fatal flight might have decided to wait until past Kalgoorlie before making a radio call to report one engine had been shut down, and then continue to Adelaide. To manage fuel usage and balance the weight of fuel across the wing, the crew might have selected some of the operating engines to draw fuel from number 4 tank. The DC-4 had a complex fuel selection system and, either deliberately or inadvertently, all operating engines might have been connected to number 4 tank.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 100], "content_span": [101, 601]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067431-0038-0002", "contents": "1950 Australian National Airways Douglas DC-4 crash, Subsequent speculation about cause of the crash\nIf the drain cock in the cross-feed pipe was still open to the atmosphere, air would be drawn into the pipe, causing an interruption of fuel supply to the engines, all engines to stop operating and their propellers to move to fine pitch.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 100], "content_span": [101, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067431-0038-0003", "contents": "1950 Australian National Airways Douglas DC-4 crash, Subsequent speculation about cause of the crash\nWhen the crew realised engines 1, 2 and 3 had all suddenly failed and that cross-feeding of fuel was the source of the problem they would have changed the fuel selections and restored fuel to the engines, causing the sudden screaming noise heard by witnesses as the engines burst back into life with their propellers in fine pitch. Amana had been flying at lower altitude than usual so there was inadequate height for the crew to arrest the high rate of descent before the aircraft struck high ground on the Inkpen family property. (At the Air Court of Inquiry, George Pape, representing ANA, described as \"fantastic\" any suggestion that the crew of the Amana would be cross-feeding fuel from one wing to the engines on the other wing at such an early stage of the flight.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 100], "content_span": [101, 874]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067431-0039-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian National Airways Douglas DC-4 crash, Subsequent speculation about cause of the crash\nThe Flight Superintendent and the Technical Superintendent of ANA simulated some of these events during a test flight in another DC-4. They were satisfied that the time intervals between events were compatible with the likely sequence of events leading to the crash of the Amana, and that it was a plausible explanation of the accident. However, on legal advice this possible explanation of the crash was not made public.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 100], "content_span": [101, 522]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067431-0039-0001", "contents": "1950 Australian National Airways Douglas DC-4 crash, Subsequent speculation about cause of the crash\nTwo accidents involving Douglas DC-4s, one approaching Dublin Airport, Ireland, in 1961 and another approaching Stockport Airport, Manchester, United Kingdom, in 1967 were attributed to interruption of fuel supply when engines were supplied from the cross-feed system which was open to an empty fuel tank, allowing air to be drawn into the cross-feed pipe.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 100], "content_span": [101, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067431-0040-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian National Airways Douglas DC-4 crash, Recent archaeological finds and re-evaluation of Amana's final moments\nAround 2002 further wreckage from Amana's port wing outboard of the engines was investigated about 1.5 miles from the crash site. This wreckage had not been located during the 1951 investigation, although it had subsequently been located during farming operations and shifted to a barren area where it avoided significant subsequent degradation by grass fires. It suggests that having attained substantially level flight, Amana hit one or more trees several seconds before reaching its final impact site, causing sufficient damage to result in the in-flight fire observed by witnesses at the time, and a deviation from its original flight path. Part of this wreckage is now on display at The Civil Aviation Historical Society & Airways Museum at Essendon Airport.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 123], "content_span": [124, 887]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067431-0041-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian National Airways Douglas DC-4 crash, Recent archaeological finds and re-evaluation of Amana's final moments\nA high-speed impact on part of the wing and fuel system might explain a surge in fuel pressure sufficient to cause the crushed vapour vent float found in the carburettor of each of Amana\u2019s engines.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 123], "content_span": [124, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067431-0042-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian National Airways Douglas DC-4 crash, Memorials\nAfter the accident, souvenir hunters proved to be such a problem that the owners of Berry Brow kept all gates locked. Geoff Inkpen stated that after completion of an Inquiry a bulldozer would be used to dig a ditch at the crash site and what remained of the Amana would be buried.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 62], "content_span": [63, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067431-0043-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian National Airways Douglas DC-4 crash, Memorials\nA small memorial to the loss of the Amana, its passengers and crew, has been created in the aeronautical museum in the town of Beverley, 29 miles (47\u00a0km) south-east of the crash site. The memorial includes the nose undercarriage from the Amana. A memorial plaque was erected in the main street of Beverley on 26 June 2001, the fifty-first anniversary of the crash.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 62], "content_span": [63, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067431-0044-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian National Airways Douglas DC-4 crash, Aftermath\nAustralian National Airways (ANA) never fully recovered from the crash of the Amana. Since the beginning of 1945, 77 people had been killed in accidents in aircraft operated by ANA. In late 1948, ANA suffered 4 crashes in 4 months. The loss of ANA's reputation as a safe airline, together with the unblemished safety record and growing commercial success of its rival Trans Australia Airlines, sent ANA into decline. In 1957 ANA was taken over by Ansett Transport Industries Limited and merged with Ansett Airways to form the domestic airline Ansett-ANA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 62], "content_span": [63, 617]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067432-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian rainfall records\nThe 1950 rainfall records for the Australian states of New South Wales and Queensland reported probably the most remarkable record high rainfall totals ever recorded anywhere in the continent. Averaged over both of these states, 1950 is clearly the wettest year since adequate records became available circa 1885. Queensland recorded a statewide average rainfall of around 1,125 millimetres (44.3\u00a0in) as against a mean since 1885 of around 640 millimetres (25.2\u00a0in), whilst New South Wales recorded around 930 millimetres (36.6\u00a0in) as against an instrumental mean around 520 millimetres (20.5\u00a0in). Australia's wettest town, Tully also recorded its highest annual rainfall total in 1950 with 7,925 millimetres (312.0\u00a0in).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 753]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067432-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian rainfall records, Evolution and causes of the abnormal rainfall, First four months\nThe year 1950 opened quite quietly over Australia, with a relatively inactive monsoon and generally very cool conditions further south. A major cyclone in the third week of January gave substantial rain to most of New South Wales and caused high winds that killed seven people, but it was not until February that the pattern of abnormal rainfall over NSW and Queensland became firmly established.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 98], "content_span": [99, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067432-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian rainfall records, Evolution and causes of the abnormal rainfall, First four months\nEspecially heavy rainfall occurred over the southwest of New South Wales (extending into most of Victoria) during February, but it was in March, normally at the end of the wet season, that the heaviest rainfall occurred. The monsoon trough, which is normally situated around Cape York Peninsula, moved to a latitude near Boulia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 98], "content_span": [99, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067432-0002-0001", "contents": "1950 Australian rainfall records, Evolution and causes of the abnormal rainfall, First four months\nAt the beginning of that month some of the worst flooding on record occurred over the Barron and Herbert Rivers, and with a major tropical cyclone following the contour of the Queensland coast for over a week from 4 to 11 March and then moving inland, the heavy rain extended deep into the interior of Queensland and even to that part of South Australia northeast of the Flinders Ranges.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 98], "content_span": [99, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067432-0002-0002", "contents": "1950 Australian rainfall records, Evolution and causes of the abnormal rainfall, First four months\nThe flood on the Diamantina River was measured as the highest ever recorded, and Windorah on the lower Cooper recorded for the entire month 442 millimetres (17.4\u00a0in), which is about 145 percent of its mean annual rainfall. Most pastoral areas were described as having a \"superabundance of feed\" and losses of sheep in the Lake Eyre Basin due to blowfly strike were as serious as experienced in the frequent droughts characteristic of the basin's extraordinarily variable climate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 98], "content_span": [99, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067432-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian rainfall records, Evolution and causes of the abnormal rainfall, First four months\nWith the interaction with a cold front mid-month, the heavy rainfall shifted southward to the Murrumbidgee River basin. In three days, Canberra received 150 millimetres (6\u00a0in) and the heavy rain continued over southeastern New South Wales and adjacent Victoria until the end of the month. Major flooding \u2013 unusual for this time of year \u2013 occurred on all rivers draining from the Australian Alps and over the South Coast. By the time the rain eased after further heavy falls early in April, Canberra had had its second wettest month on record. Over the North Coast up to Brisbane and inland to the Darling Downs, however, March rainfall had been below normal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 98], "content_span": [99, 757]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067432-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian rainfall records, Evolution and causes of the abnormal rainfall, First four months\nIn these regions, however, the moist easterly flow of March continued to bring heavy rainfall later in April; however, in much of western and far southern New South Wales April was very dry. The continuing rain, aided by falls near Lake Eyre that prevented the rivers drying up, allowed the lake to begin filling during that month to the astonishment of many people who had seen the lake during the dry era from 1922 to 1938 and concluded that the lake could never fill with water.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 98], "content_span": [99, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067432-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian rainfall records, Evolution and causes of the abnormal rainfall, Second four months\nMay and the first week of June saw a relatively typical winter circulation over most parts of Australia. However, the tendency of strong frontal depressions to move inland combined with generally weak anticyclones meant that temperatures were generally mild, whilst a major low pressure system off the south coast gave that region further flooding rains.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 99], "content_span": [100, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067432-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian rainfall records, Evolution and causes of the abnormal rainfall, Second four months\nFrom the second week of June to the end of winter, the weather patterns became quite unusual. Strong high-pressure systems over Tasmania and Victoria were virtually constant and allowed moist easterly air to flow consistently over New South Wales and Queensland. Combined with a series of upper-level lows lifting the moisture, this caused remarkably heavy rain except over the extreme south of New South Wales, where it was dry and the ski season extremely poor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 99], "content_span": [100, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067432-0006-0001", "contents": "1950 Australian rainfall records, Evolution and causes of the abnormal rainfall, Second four months\nJune 1950 was Sydney's wettest month on record with 643 millimetres (25.3\u00a0in), whilst at Dorrigo on the edge of the coastal escarpment, over 1,400 millimetres (55\u00a0in) fell in the last three weeks of the month and 624 millimetres (24.6\u00a0in) on the 24th alone. Even at normally dry Longreach, 160 millimetres (6.3\u00a0in) fell for June and 140 millimetres (5.5\u00a0in) for July. Most extraordinary, however, was on the Central Coast of Queensland, where Bowen received over 400 millimetres (16\u00a0in), or twenty times its normal July rainfall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 99], "content_span": [100, 629]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067432-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian rainfall records, Evolution and causes of the abnormal rainfall, Second four months\nOwing to the moist easterly flow, temperatures for the winter were remarkably mild. At Inverell, the mean minimum for July was 6\u00a0\u00b0C (43\u00a0\u00b0F), which is as much as 6\u00a0\u00b0C above normal and an incredible 10\u00a0\u00b0C (18\u00a0\u00b0F) higher than had been recorded just four years previously.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 99], "content_span": [100, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067432-0008-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian rainfall records, Evolution and causes of the abnormal rainfall, Second four months\nThe consequences of this heavy rain falling on saturated catchments with absolutely no drying westerly winds was disastrous. Most rivers on the coast of New South Wales, and many further inland, reached record levels. Food shortages were particularly prevalent in Sydney and surrounding cities, and railways and roads were repeatedly cut as each successive storm flooded all major rivers. Vegetable crops on the Hawkesbury River were hardest hit, with most being completely destroyed and prices skyrocketing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 99], "content_span": [100, 608]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067432-0009-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian rainfall records, Evolution and causes of the abnormal rainfall, Second four months\nExcept for a central portion of New South Wales, August was fairly dry. However, the continued absence of frost or westerly winds meant that at the end of winter catchments were still extremely wet. With the Southern Oscillation Index firmly established as strongly positive after a couple of years near zero, it was clear that further heavy rain was always imminent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 99], "content_span": [100, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067432-0010-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian rainfall records, Evolution and causes of the abnormal rainfall, Last four months\nSeptember continued mild with rainfall ranging from nil in western NSW to again very heavy around Dubbo and Nyngan, but October and November, with cold air continually interacting with moist easterly winds, saw a return to the extreme wet conditions of June and July. In these two months Dubbo received a total of 420 millimetres (17\u00a0in) of rain and the flooding of March returned to the reprieved southeastern areas of New South Wales. By the end of October a large number of stations had already exceeded annual records set in the 1890s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 97], "content_span": [98, 637]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067432-0011-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian rainfall records, Evolution and causes of the abnormal rainfall, Last four months\nWheat crops in all of Queensland and all but the Riverina in NSW, which had needed some fine weather to finish, were almost completely destroyed by the excessive rainfall. Many farmers had no crop at all because of rust and many other crops were fed to cattle as their quality as grain was extremely poor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 97], "content_span": [98, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067432-0012-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian rainfall records, Evolution and causes of the abnormal rainfall, Last four months\nThe continued rain and mild conditions (warm in the south, cool in the tropics) led to an outbreak of Murray Valley encephalitis which killed 19 people during the subsequent summer. It had the remarkable positive, however, of allowing the first curbs to the rabbit plague in Australia via myxomatosis, which had not spread in the dry era since 1922 because of the absence of standing water for mosquitoes to breed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 97], "content_span": [98, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067432-0013-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian rainfall records, Evolution and causes of the abnormal rainfall, Last four months\nDecember was very wet in the north, with many rainfall records in the Georgina River basin, but was hot and dry in New South Wales except around Tibooburra in the far northwest. Between Sydney and Dubbo it was the first drier-than-normal month since 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 97], "content_span": [98, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067432-0014-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian rainfall records, Evaluation\nThe extremely widespread flooding that resulted from record rains and unusually low evaporation caused at least 26 deaths on the North Coast during the winter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067432-0015-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian rainfall records, Evaluation\nAlthough record rainfall occurred over about two-thirds of New South Wales and half of Queensland, the most remarkable rainfalls occurred over the central inland of New South Wales. At many stations in the basins of the Macquarie and Bogan Rivers, the 1950 annual rainfall are as much as 250 millimetres (10\u00a0in) higher than that of the second-wettest year in a record of around 130 years:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067432-0016-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian rainfall records, Evaluation\nSome stations show similar differences in 1974 (central Australia) and 2000 (Northern Territory, Kimberley and Pilbara). However, it is probable that by then global warming and possibly Asian aerosols were influencing Australia's climate and thus these are not natural variability, which the record 1950 rainfalls above undoubtedly are.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067432-0017-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian rainfall records, Evaluation\nUsing a normal distribution one can estimate the return period of 1950-level annual rainfall for the Dubbo region as around 375 years, or about three times the length of instrumental rainfall data. For areas even a little further west, however, the skewness is too high to use this method, but there can be little doubt that the return periods are similar. Excluding records post-1968, when enhanced greenhouse gases has undoubtedly impacted Australian rainfall beyond (admittedly generally high) natural variability, there are no other totals over a substantial area that compare for improbability of being repeated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 662]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067432-0018-0000", "contents": "1950 Australian rainfall records, Evaluation\nThe extreme absence of westerly winds meant that unlike 1956, 1973 and 1974, the year 1950 was not uniformly wet over Australia: indeed, in much of Tasmania and Western Australia the anticyclonic control associated with the moist airflow over New South Wales and Queensland produced unusually dry conditions. (A remarkable statistic associated with this is that, although the sixth wettest year averaged over Australia since 1900, 1950 had a higher proportion of Australia in the lowest 10 percent than 81 out of 117 other years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 574]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067433-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Austrian general strikes\nThe Austrian General Strikes of 1950 were masterminded by the Communist Party of Austria with half-hearted support of the Soviet occupation authorities. In August\u2013October 1950 Austria faced a severe social and economic crisis caused by anticipated withdrawal of American financial aid and a sharp drop in real wages. Negotiations between the government and the trade unions stalled, and on September 26 the Communists launched the first general strike. A total of 120 thousand industrial workers walked out of factories, disrupted railroad traffic and harassed government officers. Austrian government, the Socialists and trade unions defused the situation and on September 27 the Communists backed off. The second strike of October 4\u20135, limited to Vienna and Soviet-occupied Lower Austria, also ended in a humiliating defeat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 856]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067433-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Austrian general strikes\nThe Soviet support to Austrian Communists was limited to the disruption of police action and provision of trucks for moving communist agents. The British and American occupation forces provided only moral support to the Austrian government. All former allies evaded use of force. No one was killed but dozens of police officers and civilians were injured in street fights.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067433-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Austrian general strikes\nThe strikes of 1950 are routinely called a putsch but actual goals of the Communists remain unknown. According to contemporary American press, the August strikes were \"the most widespread and potentially dangerous since the end of World War II\". Historians agreed: \"the developing strike was the most dangerous since the end of the war\" (Bader), \"few Cold War confrontations in Austria were more potentially explosive than the Communist-inspired strikes of September and October 1950\" (Williams).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067433-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Austrian general strikes, Crisis of 1950\nAfter the conclusion of World War II the territory of Austria, annexed by Nazi Germany in 1938, was once again separated from Germany and placed under administration of France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States. In 1949 they agreed on two-thirds of the draft of the Austrian State Treaty but its very future was vague, as had been shown by the partition of Germany. By summer of 1950 lack of progress with the Treaty and the communist scare of the Korean War had a grave impact on the Austrians' morale.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 574]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067433-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Austrian general strikes, Crisis of 1950\nAllied-occupied Austria was split into four occupation zones. The Soviet Union controlled the provinces of Lower Austria, Burgenland and eastern districts of Upper Austria, but the city of Vienna, which lies within Lower Austria, was occupied by all four allies. Austrian heavy industry (or what was left of it) concentrated around Linz, in the American zone, and in British-occupied Styria. Their products were in high demand in post-war Europe. Quite naturally, the administrators of the Marshall Plan channelled available financial aid into heavy industry controlled by the American and British forces. Industry quickly recovered, from 74.7% of pre-war output in 1948 to 150.7% in 1951. American planners deliberately neglected consumer goods industries, construction trades and small business. Their workers, almost half of Austrian industrial workforce, suffered from rising unemployment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 939]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067433-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Austrian general strikes, Crisis of 1950\nAgriculture remained in ruin, and Austria relied on food imports from the West. In 1948\u20131949 substantial share of Marshall Plan funds allocated to Austria was used to subsidize imports of food. American money, effectively, raised real wages of Austrian workers: grain price in Austria was at about one-third of the world price. Farmers were depressed by artificially low prices; the Americans were not happy about it too and planned to cut off food subsidies by the end of 1950. Austrian coalition government chaired by Leopold Figl was facing an impending social and economic crisis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 630]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067433-0005-0001", "contents": "1950 Austrian general strikes, Crisis of 1950\nThey had to manage it alone, without allied support and without financial reserves to smooth the transition. Austrian finances were ruined by post-war hyperinflation. In 1947\u20131949 the government and organized labor maintained real wages through annual adjustment of wages to prices. The first two price-wage agreements relieved social tension, but by the time of the third price-wage agreement (1949) failures of this mechanism were obvious. The Communist Party of Austria made the alleged \"ripoff of workers\" in 1949 a staple of their campaigning and blamed the very existence of wage-price agreements on American influence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 671]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067433-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 Austrian general strikes, Crisis of 1950\nThe fourth price-wage agreement, negotiated in secrecy in August 1950, ended in a deadlock. The unions expected that the government will pick up the food bill previously paid by the Americans. The government could not afford it, and was persuading the unions to accept a sharp drop in real wages. The farmers demanded a raise in food price caps. The Korean War raised worldwide prices of coal, fertilizers and other vital imported commodities.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 489]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067433-0006-0001", "contents": "1950 Austrian general strikes, Crisis of 1950\nThe public remained unaware of the depth of the crisis altogether until the first week of September when the farmers refused to deliver their produce to the cities at old prices. The coalition government plunged into protracted public debates between different interest groups and failed to reach a consensus. As public anxiety mounted, Austrian Communists, who had recently lost municipal elections even in the Soviet zone, grabbed the opportunity and demanded a 15% \"straight wage increase with prices frozen\". September 24, 1950, communist press announced the upcoming general strike. In case of a conflict they counted on support from the Werkschutz, the paramilitary factory guard employed by the USIA and manned by communists.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 778]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067433-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 Austrian general strikes, First strike\nTuesday, September 26, 1950, the strike began in earnest. It could become the greatest challenge to the Second Republic had it been supported by the Soviet Union. In the morning the communist agents in the Soviet occupation zone in Vienna went from factory to factory, recruiting supporters among disgruntled workers. By 10:00 they mobilized around fifteen thousand demonstrators and marched south into the center of Vienna. According to the French High Commissioner, 99% of them worked in the Soviet zone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 550]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067433-0007-0001", "contents": "1950 Austrian general strikes, First strike\nPolice of the Soviet zone did not interfere, the American High Commission stayed aside, the Austrian Minister of the Interior deliberately disarmed his forces in fear of Soviet provocations. The crowd of seven thousand pressed its way through police barricades and rallied in front of the Federal Chancellery building at the time of the Cabinet meeting. Figl refused to speak to the demonstrators, and by 13:00 they left the square. No shots were fired but 23 unarmed police officers were wounded in clashes with the workers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 569]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067433-0008-0000", "contents": "1950 Austrian general strikes, First strike\nHeavy industry workers in American-occupied Linz and Steyr went on strike in the afternoon. The strike in Linz was supported by both pro-communist and pro-socialist workers. Workers in British zone followed suit. In Soviet-occupied Lower Austria strike groups attempted to grab control over railroad stations and post offices, and actually overran some of the latter. Soviet forces maintained friendly neutrality although there was one incident of a Soviet tank involved in blocking the railroad. The Allied Council, chaired by an American, stayed neutral.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 600]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067433-0008-0001", "contents": "1950 Austrian general strikes, First strike\nBy the end of the day 120 thousand workers were on strike; Austrian Communists gained some ground, but, most important, they manipulated masses of Socialists into a pro-communist alliance. Socialist leaders were caught unprepared; they mobilized their network on September 27 when the Communists already hastily moved to the second phase of their plan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067433-0009-0000", "contents": "1950 Austrian general strikes, First strike\nIn the morning of Wednesday, September 27, thousands of pro-communist strike workers took control over OGB regional headquarters in Linz and Graz with their communication infrastructure. Again, the police stayed aside but the Socialists in Vienna scrambled all their resources to weaken the communist influence. By the end of the day police and paramilitary units forced the Communists out of OGB buildings in British and American zones. On September 28 the communists barely raised seventy volunteers to storm the national OGB office in Vienna, and were routed by the police. The majority of industrial workers now relied on instructions from the unions, not Communists or their Soviet mentors. By 7 p.m. of September 27 even the Soviets agreed that the strike failed and their radio program instructed Austrian workers to return to work.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 883]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067433-0010-0000", "contents": "1950 Austrian general strikes, First strike\nOn September 30 pro-communist Conference of Shop Stewards, attended by 2,417 workers' representatives, issued an ultimatum: raise wages immediately or face another general strike on October 4. The American and British commanders assessed the situation and once again told the Austrian government that their troops will not take action: their armed intervention, should it happen, \"would mean shooting... a profound effect inside and outside Austria.\" The Austrian Minister of Interior concurred: \"intervention ... would be the end of the Austrian Government.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 603]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067433-0011-0000", "contents": "1950 Austrian general strikes, Second strike\nIn the week that preceded the second strike the government and the unions actively campaigned against it. There were no doubts that without Soviet assistance the Austrian communists would fail again, but the degree of Soviet involvement was unknown. Vienna was overwhelmed by rumours of Soviet and Czechoslovak troop movements. The New York Times reported that fearful Viennese swept all available food from the stores. Fears of another Berlin Blockade or even worse intensified on the eve of the strike, when the Soviets instructed Austrian police to stay off the streets and blocked the movement of gendarmes in Vienna. Austrian government responded with arrests of strike leaders in British and American zones and with an appeal to all the workers: \"Repel every act of terror... destroy illegal roadblocks, drive the intruders out of factories. \".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 44], "content_span": [45, 895]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067433-0012-0000", "contents": "1950 Austrian general strikes, Second strike\nThe actual strike was limited to Vienna and Lower Austria, and involved around 19% of industrial workforce. The communists made the impact worse by disrupting railroad traffic. They stormed the Stadlau station in Donaustadt three times, were forced away three times, and then blocked the tracks until the evening. On October 5 they resumed blockade of Stadlau since 5 a.m., took control of the Nordbahnhof and threatened the S\u00fcdbahnhof. With the police disabled, railroads were defended by their employees and the volunteers of the \"Olah battalion\". They were armed with clubs, operated in small teams and engaged the Communists in hand-to-hand fighting at first opportunity. There were reports that the Soviets provided trucks to move communist crews around, but this was as far as the Soviets went in supporting the strike.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 44], "content_span": [45, 870]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067433-0013-0000", "contents": "1950 Austrian general strikes, Second strike\nOn October 5 pro-communist representatives convened at another conference in Floridsdorf (Soviet zone) and admitted failure of the second strike.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 44], "content_span": [45, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067433-0014-0000", "contents": "1950 Austrian general strikes, Historiography\nAfter the failure of the first strike the Austrian Government presented the September events as a deliberate and planned Communist action aimed at overthrowing the government. The idea of a communist putsch has been shared by the historians although the degree of Communist planning is debated. One school of thought supports the notion of a planned and concerted efforts; another says that the Communists merely grabbed the opportunity and relied on yet unknown outcome of the strike and street violence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067433-0014-0001", "contents": "1950 Austrian general strikes, Historiography\nThe third opinion clears the Communists of any long-ranging plans; according to this point of view, the strikes were just labor action. Franz Olah, the leader of anti-communist street gangs, shared this opinion. He said that the Communists never had resources to stage a real putsch, and instead their objective was a mere increase in their representation in national and municipal governments. British and American observers also believed that there were no plans for a putsch. Sir Harold Caccia wrote that the strikes were not the result of a planned putsch, and that Austrian Communists \"never committed themselves to an all-out effort.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 686]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067433-0015-0000", "contents": "1950 Austrian general strikes, Historiography\nAustrian accounts of the 1950 strikes emphasize internal political struggle and downplay the Soviet involvement. On the other side of the spectrum, Audrey Kurth Cronin argued that the events were a Soviet-inspired putsch, in fact, the second one after the 1947 food riots. This version is backed by GRU veteran Boris Volodarsky although he did not present any new evidence to prove it.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067433-0016-0000", "contents": "1950 Austrian general strikes, Historiography\nThe degree of Soviet involvement and any plans entertained by the Soviets are still subject to interpretation. According to a series of interviews with unnamed witnesses published by Hugo Portisch in the 1980s, the Soviets were dissatisfied with the disruption caused by Austrian communists. The Soviets allegedly committed all resources to the Korean War and keenly evaded radical confrontation in Europe.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067433-0016-0001", "contents": "1950 Austrian general strikes, Historiography\nAccording to Portisch, Soviet representatives in Austria were split over the 1950 strikes: some saw an opportunity to suppress the Western influence, others were unwilling to provoke the West, yet others had to meet production targets and opposed any disruption in the Soviet zone. Portisch wrote that Moscow actually intervened to defuse the situation and instructed the Soviet command in Austria to prevent any overt acts by Austrian Communists, in a way that would allow them to save face after a defeat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067434-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 BRDC International Trophy\nThe 2nd BRDC International Trophy meeting \u2013 formally the International Daily Express Trophy \u2013 was held on 26 August 1950 at the Silverstone Circuit, England. The race was run to Formula One regulations, and was held over two heats of 15 laps each, followed by a final race of 35 laps. Italian driver Nino Farina emerged the winner, in an Alfa Romeo 158, repeating his victory from the 1950 British Grand Prix, held at the same circuit in May. He beat his Argentine team-mate Juan Manuel Fangio, and British driver Peter Whitehead in a Ferrari. Other notable entrants were the two BRM V16 cars entered for Raymond Sommer, Peter Walker, Raymond Mays and Reg Parnell. However, their legendary lack of reliability resulted in neither car completing a lap in anger.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 791]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067435-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 BYU Cougars football team\nThe 1950 BYU Cougars football team was an American football team that represented Brigham Young University in the Skyline Conference during the 1949 college football season. In their second season under head coach Chick Atkinson, the Cougars compiled a 4\u20135\u20131 record (1\u20133\u20131 against Skyline opponents), finished fifth in the conference, and were outscored by a total of 292 to 169.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067436-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Ball State Cardinals football team\nThe 1950 Ball State Cardinals football team was an American football team that represented Ball State Teachers College (later renamed Ball State University) as an independent during the 1950 college football season. In its 15th season under head coach John Magnabosco, the team compiled a 2\u20134\u20131 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067437-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Baltimore Colts season\nThe 1950 Baltimore Colts season was their fourth as a franchise and only season in the National Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067437-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Baltimore Colts season\nThe team matched its previous season's record of 1\u201311. It failed to qualify for the playoffs for the second consecutive season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067437-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Baltimore Colts season\nThe 1950 Colts hold the distinction of being the only team in NFL history to allow more than 50 points in four different regular season games. The 462 points (38.5 points-per-game) the Colts surrendered is the most of any NFL team in the decade of the 1950s. In their week six loss to the Rams, the Colts became one of only two teams in NFL history to surrender 70 or more points in a regular season contest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067437-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Baltimore Colts season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 38], "content_span": [39, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067438-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Bari Grand Prix\nThe 1950 Bari Grand Prix was a non-championship Formula One motor race held on 9 July 1950 at the Lungomare Circuit, in Bari, Italy. It was the sixth race of the 1950 Formula One season. The 60-lap race was won by Alfa Romeo driver Giuseppe Farina. Juan Manuel Fangio finished second, also in an Alfa Romeo, and Stirling Moss third in an HWM-Alta.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067439-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting\nElections to the Baseball Hall of Fame for 1950 were subject to one rules change, the elimination of a runoff election by the baseball writers in case of no winner, which had been used the year prior. The Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) voted once by mail to select from major league players retired less than 25 years, and elected no one. Meanwhile, the Old-Timers Committee, with jurisdiction over earlier players and other figures, did not meet. For the first time, except years without any election activity, there were no new Hall of Fame members.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067439-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, BBWAA election\nThe 10-year members of the BBWAA had the authority to select any players active in 1925 or later, provided they had not been active in 1949. The year before, a 25-year moving boundary regarding player activity had been established which would remain in the years to come. Voters were instructed to cast votes for 10 candidates; any candidate receiving votes on at least 75% of the ballots would be honored with induction to the Hall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067439-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, BBWAA election\nA new rule had been added for the 1950 ballot. Writers could not vote for anyone currently wearing a baseball uniform, which included some qualified players who were now coaches on teams. This rule would be dropped after a few years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067439-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, BBWAA election\nA total of 168 ballots were cast, with 1,481 individual votes for 100 specific candidates, an average of 8.82 per ballot; 126 votes were required for election. Once again, no candidate received 75% of the vote and the Hall of Fame would not elect any new players in 1950. Candidates who have since been selected in subsequent elections are indicated in italics:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067440-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Bavarian state election\nThe 1950 Bavarian state election was held on 26 November 1950 to elect the members of the 2nd Landtag of Bavaria. It is notable for featuring the worst performance of the Christian Social Union in Bavaria in any Bavarian state election, at only 27.4% of the vote, and for being the only Bavarian election in which the SPD won a plurality of the combined vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067440-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Bavarian state election, Background\nAfter the 1946 state elections, the CSU had won a majority of seats in the Landtag, and proceeded to form a coalition government with the SPD and right-wing populist WAV under Minister-President Hans Ehard. The coalition, however, was short lived. On 20 June 1947, WAV party chairman and Minister for Denazification Alfred Loritz was ousted by his fellow party-members over a power struggle involving a fellow state delegate, Karl Meissner. Four days later, on 24 June, Loritz was dismissed  from his post on charges of blackmail and patronage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 40], "content_span": [41, 585]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067440-0001-0001", "contents": "1950 Bavarian state election, Background\nHe subsequently was arrested on 19 July 1947, before escaping custody, being re-arrested, and eventually found asylum in Switzerland in April 1948. In his place, a CSU attorney, Ludwig Hagenauer was appointed. Only three months after the Loritz episode, all of the SPD ministers within the government resigned, ending the coalition government, which lasted for under a year. The CSU then ruled alone (still as a majority government) for the remaining three years. In the intervening time, Ehard mainly battled with other member of his party to pass the Basic Law. The electoral system was changed since the 1946 election, now every voter has two votes. One for local district candidate (first vote) and one for a constituency candidate (second vote).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 40], "content_span": [41, 791]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067440-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Bavarian state election, Parties\nThe table below lists parties represented in the First Landtag of Bavaria.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067440-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Bavarian state election, Results\nWith the WAV now essentially collapsed due to factional disputes, the right-wing vote was scattered over several different parties, the most important being the GB/BHE and the Bavaria Party, which capitalized on nationalism and took votes away from both the WAV and CSU. With the right-wing vote now spread thin, the SPD captured a majority of the first and second votes combined, but were still one seat off of being tied with the CSU's delegation, and neither party being close to a majority. After 17 days of negotiations, a mass coalition between the CSU, SPD, and GB/BHE was declared. On 18 December 1950, Hans Ehard received 131 votes in the Landtag to serve a second term as Minister-President, with 5 votes against, and 36 members abstaining.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 788]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067441-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Baylor Bears football team\nThe 1950 Baylor Bears football team represented Baylor University in the 1950 college football season. The Bears placed second in the Southwest Conference with an overall record of 7\u20133. Two players - Larry Isbell (Back) and Harold Riley (End) - were selected as All-Southwest Conference players. The 1950 season was the inaugural season for Baylor University's new state of the art 50,000 seat Baylor Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067442-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Belfast West by-election\nThere was a by-election for Belfast West constituency on 29 November 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067442-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Belfast West by-election\nIt occurred after the winner at the 1950 UK general election, James Godfrey MacManaway, was disqualified as he was a priest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067442-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Belfast West by-election\nThomas Teevan, the Unionist candidate, narrowly beat Jack Beattie, a former MP for the constituency who was the candidate of the Irish Labour Party, by 913 votes. However Beattie beat Teevan at the 1951 general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067443-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Belgian Grand Prix\nThe 1950 Belgian Grand Prix, formally titled the Grand Prix Automobile de Belgique, was a Formula One motor race held on 18 June 1950 at Spa-Francorchamps. It was race five of seven in the 1950 World  Championship of Drivers. The 35-lap race was won by Alfa Romeo driver Juan Manuel Fangio after he started from second position. His teammate Luigi Fagioli finished second and Talbot-Lago driver Louis Rosier came in third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067443-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Belgian Grand Prix, Report\nBy the time of the Belgian Grand Prix, the pace of the season was beginning to tell, with only 14 cars arriving at the Spa circuit. These included the dominant Alfa Romeos of Nino Farina, Juan Manuel Fangio and Luigi Fagioli. Scuderia Ferrari was down to two 125s for Luigi Villoresi and Alberto Ascari, although Ascari had a new V12 engine to try out. The factory Talbot-Lago team had three cars for Louis Rosier, Yves Giraud-Cabantous and Philippe \u00c9tancelin (standing in for the injured Eug\u00e8ne Martin). The rest of the field was made up of Talbot-Lagos (notably one for Raymond Sommer), a single Alta and one Maserati for Toni Branca. This race was the final entry for Geoffrey Crossley, the sport's high costs forcing him, like many privateers, to retire after just a handful of races.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 820]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067443-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Belgian Grand Prix, Report\nFarina and Fangio were fastest as usual in qualifying with Fagioli unable to match them. Sommer split the Ferraris in his old Talbot-Lago. The race would be a similar story. The Alfas went off on their own and Sommer battled with the two Ferraris. When the Alfa stopped for fuel, Sommer found himself in the unlikely position of being race leader. Unfortunately his engine blew up. Ascari took the lead but he had to stop for fuel and that meant that the Alfas went ahead again with Fangio leading Farina and Fagioli. Farina suffered transmission trouble in the closing laps and dropped to fourth behind the best of the surviving Talbot-Lagos being driven by Rosier. Ascari finished fifth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 721]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067444-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Belgian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Belgium on 4 June 1950. The result was a victory for the Christian Social Party, which won 108 of the 212 seats in the Chamber of Representatives and 54 of the 106 seats in the Senate. Voter turnout was 92.6%. This election was the last one in Belgian history where a single party achieved an absolute majority. Elections for the nine provincial councils were also held.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067444-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Belgian general election\nThe elections took place a few months after the divisive referendum on returning King Leopold III from exile and restoring his monarchial duties (the Royal Question). Following the election, a single-party Catholic government was formed with Jean Duvieusart as Prime Minister, who oversaw the return of King Leopold III, but who was quickly succeeded by Joseph Pholien as Prime Minister, following strikes and protests due to Leopold's return, which ultimately led to his abdication.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067445-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Belgian monarchy referendum\nA referendum on allowing Leopold III's return to Belgium, and restoration of his powers and duties as monarch was held in Belgium on 12 March 1950. The proposal was approved by 57.68% of voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067445-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Belgian monarchy referendum, Background\nKing Leopold went into exile in June 1944, when Heinrich Himmler ordered him to leave Belgium. Leopold was held by the Nazis in Strobl, Austria until early May 1945, when he was freed by members of the United States 106th Cavalry Group. Because of the political troubles surrounding his war time behaviour King Leopold remained in exile in Switzerland until 1950, his brother Prince Charles, Count of Flanders having been installed as Regent after the Liberation in 1944.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 516]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067445-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Belgian monarchy referendum, Background\nThe Catholics, who generally supported the King's return, won a majority in the Belgian Senate during the general election of 26 June 1949. The Catholics formed a government with the Liberals. The date of the referendum (Consultation populaire) the King wanted was set by this government for 12 March 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067445-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Belgian monarchy referendum, Background\nSocialist Leader Paul-Henri Spaak opposed holding a referendum. He foresaw that the vote for Leopold might fall between 55% and 65%, giving no decisive mandate for the king's return, and that the King would carry Flanders and lose Wallonia. In that case, said Spaak, \"the government would not only have on its hands the King's abdication or return, it would also have to appease the anger, acerbity and rancor of Flanders or Wallonia.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067445-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Belgian monarchy referendum, Results\nA majority voted in favour of Leopold's return. In Flanders, 72% voted in favour. In Wallonia, 58% voted against. In Brussels, 52% voted against.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 41], "content_span": [42, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067445-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Belgian monarchy referendum, Results, By arrondissement\n*The majority in the arrondissement of Verviers voted in favour of the King's return. * *The arrondissement of Namur voted against the return.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 60], "content_span": [61, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067446-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Belgian motorcycle Grand Prix\nThe 1950 Belgian motorcycle Grand Prix was the second race of the 1950 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on the weekend of 2 July 1950 at the Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps. The event was marred by the fatal accident of Briton David Whitworth during the 350cc event. On the 10th lap, Whitworth tangled with Charlie Salt and crashed. Salt was able to keep going, but Whitworth had fractured his skull. He died the following day in a hospital close to the track.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 510]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067447-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Big Nine Conference football season\nThe 1950 Big Nine Conference football season was the 55th season of college football played by the member schools of the Big Nine Conference (also known as the Western Conference and the Big Ten Conference) and was a part of the 1950 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067447-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Big Nine Conference football season\nThe 1950 Michigan Wolverines football team, under head coach Bennie Oosterbaan, won the 1950 Big Ten championship with a 6\u20133\u20131 record (4\u20131\u20131 against Big Ten opponents) and was ranked No. 9 in the final AP Poll. In the last game of the regular season, Michigan defeated Ohio State, 9\u20133, in the Snow Bowl, played in a blizzard, at 10 degrees above zero, on an icy field, and with winds gusting over 30 miles per hour. Michigan then defeated California in the 1951 Rose Bowl. Don Dufek was selected as the team's most valuable player. Tackle Allen Wahl was a first-team All-American.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 621]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067447-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Big Nine Conference football season\nThe 1950 Ohio State Buckeyes football team, under head coach Wes Fesler, compiled a 6\u20133 record, led the conference in scoring offense (31.8 points per game), and was ranked No. 14 in the final AP Poll. Halfback Vic Janowicz was a consensus first-team All-American and won both the Chicago Tribune Silver Football trophy as the Big Ten's most valuable player and the Heisman Trophy as the best player in college football.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067447-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Big Nine Conference football season\nThe 1950 Illinois Fighting Illini football team, under head coach Ray Eliot, compiled a 7\u20132 record, led the conference in scoring defense (6.2 points allowed per game), and was ranked No. 13 in the final AP Poll. End Tony Klimek was selected as the team's most valuable player. Tackle Albert Tate and center Bill Vohaska both received first-team All-American honors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067447-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Big Nine Conference football season, Season overview, Results and team statistics\nKeyAP final = Team's rank in the final AP Poll of the 1950 seasonAP high = Team's highest rank in the AP Poll throughout the 1950 seasonPPG = Average of points scored per gamePAG = Average of points allowed per gameMVP = Most valuable player as voted by players on each team as part of the voting process to determine the winner of the Chicago Tribune Silver Football trophy; trophy winner in bold", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 86], "content_span": [87, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067447-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Big Nine Conference football season, Season overview, Regular season, September 30\nOn September 30, 1950, the Big Nine football teams played nine-conference games, resulting in four wins, four losses, and one tie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 87], "content_span": [88, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067447-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 Big Nine Conference football season, Season overview, Regular season, October 7\nOn October 7, 1950, the Big Nine played two conference games and five non-conference games. The non-conference games resulted in four wins and a loss, bringing the Big Nine's non-conference record to 8-5-1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 84], "content_span": [85, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067447-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 Big Nine Conference football season, Season overview, Regular season, October 14\nOn October 13 and 14, 1950, the Big Nine played three conference games and three non-conference games. The non-conference games resulted in one win and two losses, bringing the Big Nine's non-conference record to 9-7-1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 85], "content_span": [86, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067447-0008-0000", "contents": "1950 Big Nine Conference football season, Season overview, Regular season, October 21\nOn October 21, 1950, the Big Nine played three conference games and three non-conference games. The non-conference games resulted in three wins, bringing the Big Nine's non-conference record to 12-7-1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 85], "content_span": [86, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067447-0009-0000", "contents": "1950 Big Nine Conference football season, Season overview, Regular season, October 28\nOn October 28, 1950, the Big Nine played four conference games and one non-conference game. The non-conference game was a loss, bringing the Big Nine's non-conference record to 12-8-1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 85], "content_span": [86, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067447-0010-0000", "contents": "1950 Big Nine Conference football season, Season overview, Regular season, November 4\nOn November 4, 1950, the Big Nine played four conference games and one non-conference game. The non-conference game was a loss, bringing the Big Nine's non-conference record to 12-9-1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 85], "content_span": [86, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067447-0011-0000", "contents": "1950 Big Nine Conference football season, Season overview, Regular season, November 11\nOn November 11, 1950, the Big Nine played four conference games and one non-conference game. The non-conference game was a loss, bringing the Big Nine's non-conference record to 12-10-1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 86], "content_span": [87, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067447-0012-0000", "contents": "1950 Big Nine Conference football season, Season overview, Regular season, November 18\nOn November 18, 1950, the Big Nine played three conference games and three non-conference games. The non-conferences game resulted in two wins and a loss, bringing the Big Nine's non-conference record to 14-11-1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 86], "content_span": [87, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067447-0013-0000", "contents": "1950 Big Nine Conference football season, Season overview, Regular season, November 25\nOn November 25, 1950, the Big Nine played four conference games and one non-conference game. The non-conference game was a loss, bringing the Big Nine's non-conference record to 14-12-1. Three of the non-conference losses were to Michigan State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 86], "content_span": [87, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067447-0014-0000", "contents": "1950 Big Nine Conference football season, All-conference players\nThe following players were picked by the Associated Press (AP) and/or the United Press (UP) as first-team players on the 1950 All-Big Nine Conference football team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 64], "content_span": [65, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067447-0015-0000", "contents": "1950 Big Nine Conference football season, All-Americans\nAt the end of the 1950 season, Big Ten players secured only one of the consensus first-team picks for the 1950 College Football All-America Team. The Big Ten's consensus All-American was:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 55], "content_span": [56, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067447-0016-0000", "contents": "1950 Big Nine Conference football season, All-Americans\nOther Big Ten players who were named first-team All-Americans by at least one selector were:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 55], "content_span": [56, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067447-0017-0000", "contents": "1950 Big Nine Conference football season, 1951 NFL Draft\nThe following Big Nine players were among the first 100 picks in the 1951 NFL Draft:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 56], "content_span": [57, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067448-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Birmingham Handsworth by-election\nThe Birmingham Handsworth by-election was held  on 16 November 1950. It was held due to the death of the incumbent Conservative Party MP Harold Roberts. It was won by the Conservative Edward Boyle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067449-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Birthday Honours\nThe King's Birthday Honours 1950 were appointments in many of the Commonwealth realms of King George VI to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of the King, and were published in supplements to the London Gazette of 2 June 1950 for the British Empire, Australia, Ceylon and New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067449-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Birthday Honours\nAt this time honours for Australians were awarded both in the United Kingdom honours, on the advice of the premiers of Australian states, and also in a separate Australia honours list.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067449-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Birthday Honours\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067449-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Birthday Honours, British Empire, Royal Victorian Order, Member of the Royal Victorian Order (MVO)\nAt this time the two lowest classes of the Royal Victorian Order were \"Member (fourth class)\" and \"Member (fifth class)\", both with post-nominal letters MVO. \"Member (fourth class)\" was renamed \"Lieutenant\" (LVO) from the 1985 New Year Honours onwards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 103], "content_span": [104, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067450-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Birthday Honours (New Zealand)\nThe 1950 King's Birthday Honours in New Zealand, celebrating the official birthday of King George VI, were appointments made by the King on the advice of the New Zealand government to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders. They were announced on 8 June 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067450-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Birthday Honours (New Zealand)\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067451-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Bolivian Primera Divisi\u00f3n\nThe 1950 Bolivian Primera Divisi\u00f3n, the first division of Bolivian football (soccer), was played by 9 teams. The champion was Bol\u00edvar. It was the first season after the La Paz Football Association turned its first division professional. All 9 teams were from La Paz and played their matches on the Hernando Siles Stadium", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067452-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Boston Braves season\nThe 1950 Boston Braves season was the 80th season of the franchise. During the season, Sam Jethroe became the first black player in the history of the Braves.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067452-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Boston Braves season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 70], "content_span": [71, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067452-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Boston Braves season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 63], "content_span": [64, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067452-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Boston Braves season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 68], "content_span": [69, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067452-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Boston Braves season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 65], "content_span": [66, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067452-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Boston Braves season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 66], "content_span": [67, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067453-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Boston College Eagles football team\nThe 1950 Boston College Eagles football team represented Boston College during the 1950 college football season. The Eagles were led by seventh-year head coach Denny Myers and played their home games at Braves Field in Boston, Massachusetts. Boston College finished winless for the first time since 1902, finishing with 9 losses and 1 tie, against Wake Forest. Denny Myers announced his resignation as head coach prior to the season-finale against rival Holy Cross. He compiled a record of 35\u201327\u20134 while at Boston College.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067454-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Boston Red Sox season\nThe 1950 Boston Red Sox season was the 50th season in the franchise's Major League Baseball history. The Red Sox finished third in the American League (AL) with a record of 94 wins and 60 losses, four games behind the AL and World Series champion New York Yankees. This was the last time that the Red Sox would win at least 90 games until their return to the World Series in 1967.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067454-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Boston Red Sox season\nThe team scored 1,027 runs, one of only six teams to score more than 1,000 runs in a season in the modern era (post-1900), and, along with the 1999 Cleveland Indians, are one of two teams to do so post-World War II. The 1950 Red Sox compiled a .302 batting average, and remain the most recent major league team to record a .300 or higher team batting average for a season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067454-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Boston Red Sox season\nIn a game on June 8, the Red Sox set a major league record for total bases by a team in one game, which still stands. During their 29\u20134 win over the St. Louis Browns, the Red Sox collected 28 hits: 7 home runs, 1 triple, 9 doubles, and 11 singles for 60 total bases. The Red Sox, who had already beaten the Browns 20\u20134 the day before, became only the second team since 1901 (after the 1925 Pittsburgh Pirates) to score 20 or more runs in consecutive games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067454-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 71], "content_span": [72, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067454-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 64], "content_span": [65, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067454-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067454-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 66], "content_span": [67, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067454-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 67], "content_span": [68, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067455-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Boston University Terriers football team\nThe 1950 Boston University Terriers football team was an American football team that represented Boston University as an independent during the 1950 college football season. In its fourth season under head coach Aldo Donelli, the team compiled a 3\u20135 record and was outscored by their opponents by a total of 187 to 139.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067456-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Bowling Green Falcons football team\nThe 1950 Bowling Green Falcons football team was an American football team that represented Bowling Green State University as an independent during the 1950 college football season. The team was led by tenth-year head coach Bob Whittaker. The Falcons compiled a 3\u20134\u20132 record and were outscored by a combined total of 188 to 134.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067457-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Bradley Braves baseball team\nThe 1950 Bradley Braves baseball team represented Bradley University in the 1950 NCAA baseball season. The Braves played their home games at Tom Connor Field. The team was coached by Leo Schrall in his 2nd year at Bradley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067457-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Bradley Braves baseball team\nThe Braves won the District V playoff to advance to the College World Series, where they were defeated by the Tufts Jumbos.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067458-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Brampton municipal election\nThe Brampton municipal election, 1950 was held January 2, 1950, in Brampton, Ontario. The election covered the positions of Mayor, Reeve, Deputy-Reeve, Councillors, Water Commissioner, Hydro-Electric Commissioner, and members of the Brampton Public School board.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067459-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Brazilian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Brazil on 3 October 1950. The presidential elections were won by Get\u00falio Vargas of the Brazilian Labour Party, whilst the Social Democratic Party remained the largest party in both the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate, although they lost their majority in the former. Voter turnout was 72.1% in the presidential election, 72.0% in the Chamber elections and 77.7% in the Senate elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067459-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Brazilian general election, Background\nAfter living in self-imposed exile in his Riograndense ranch between his overthrow in 1945 and 1950, former President Get\u00falio Vargas, who had already been elected a senator in 1945, decided to run for the Presidency, as the candidate of the Brazilian Labor Party (PTB), one of the two he founded after he decided to put an end to his 15-year dictatorship. Vargas, although in exile, remained active on the sidelines of Brazilian politics during the Presidency of his former War Minister, Eurico Gaspar Dutra. He notably criticized his successor's economic policies, taking a hard nationalist and populist tone which appealed to the base of the PTB, organized labour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 710]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067459-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Brazilian general election, Background\nIn April 1950, the Social Democratic Party, also pro-Vargas but based more around industrialists and state political machines, rejected the idea of forming a coalition with the PTB or the UDN and decided to run its own candidate. They nominated Cristiano Machado, a little-known congressman for Minas Gerais.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067459-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Brazilian general election, Background\nHowever, Vargas was able to forge an alliance with a number of PSD state leaders, notably in his own state of Rio Grande do Sul and in Rio de Janeiro. In Pernambuco, he even forged an alliance with his traditional rivals, the UDN. This phenomenon - to nominate a candidate and support another - became known as \"cristianization\" in Brazil. In the state of S\u00e3o Paulo, he forged an alliance with Adhemar de Barros' Social Progressive Party (PSP), a populist electoral machine who dominated state politics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067459-0003-0001", "contents": "1950 Brazilian general election, Background\nThe PSP was the only other party to officially endorse him, and provided him with his running-mate (who was separately elected), Jo\u00e3o Caf\u00e9 Filho. Vargas also assured himself of the support, or at least approval, of the military which had deposed him in 1945. He reconciled himself with the dominant figure of the military then, G\u00f3es Monteiro, who had played a role in his 1945 overthrow.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067459-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Brazilian general election, Background\nThe center-right National Democratic Union (UDN), noted for its radical anti-Vargas posture, once again nominated Eduardo Gomes as its candidate. The party proved woefully unable to expand its narrow electoral base, and not even the anti-Vargas rhetoric of 1945 could deliver more votes. The UDN and Gomes also proved their little comprehension of the evolving Brazilian political scene by supporting abolishing the minimum wage instituted in Vargas' past administration.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067459-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Brazilian general election, Background\nDuring the Eurico Gaspar Dutra administration, the Brazilian Communist Party had its license revoked by the Superior Electoral Court in the context of the early Cold War. Communists oriented their followers not to vote, but a significant share of them voted on Vargas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067459-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 Brazilian general election, Results, President\nVargas won a convincing victory, with 48.7% of the vote and close to an absolute majority of votes cast. Despite the UDN's claim that he was not constitutionally elected (they claimed that a candidate needed an absolute majority of the votes), Vargas was inaugurated President in January 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 51], "content_span": [52, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067460-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Brighouse and Spenborough by-election\nThe Brighouse and Spenborough by-election, 1950 was a parliamentary by-election held in the United Kingdom on 4 May 1950 for the House of Commons in the marginal constituency of Brighouse and Spenborough. The seat became vacant on the death of Frederick Arthur Cobb, who has been the local Member of Parliament (MP) for only 3 months, since the general election in February 1950. He had previously been the MP for Elland from 1945.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067460-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Brighouse and Spenborough by-election\nThe result was a narrow hold for the Labour Party. The winning candidate was John Edwards, former Parliamentary Secretary to the Board of Trade, who had lost his seat in the general election. He went on to hold Brighouse and Spenborough until his death in 1959, when the resulting by-election in 1960 was narrowly won by the Conservative and National Liberal candidate Michael Shaw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 425]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067461-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Brisbane Carnival\nThe 1950 Brisbane Carnival was the 11th edition of the Australian National Football Carnival, an Australian rules football interstate competition. It was the first carnival to be hosted in Queensland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067461-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Brisbane Carnival\nRain was a constant throughout the carnival and as a result most games were held on a soggy Brisbane Exhibition Ground. Several of the matches were played at night using a white ball.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067461-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Brisbane Carnival\nSection A consisted of the usual big three teams, Victoria, South Australia and Western Australia. The Tasmanian team joined them, having qualified through winning Section B of the 1947 Carnival and a team representing the VFA competed in the top section for the first time, as they were now full members of the Australian National Football Council. The VFA defeated South Australia by eight points in what was the biggest upset of the tournament. The VFA finished last in Section A, and as a result played Section B winners the Australian Amateurs in a play-off on July 15, 1951, to qualify for Section A at the next carnival in 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 658]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067462-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Bristol South East by-election\nThe Bristol South East by-election, 1950 was a by-election held on 30 November 1950 for the British House of Commons constituency of Bristol South East in the city of Bristol. The seat had become vacant when the constituency's Labour Member of Parliament (MP) Sir Stafford Cripps had resigned from Parliament due to ill-health.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067462-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Bristol South East by-election\nThe Labour candidate Tony Benn held the seat for his party. It was the first of four by-election victories for Benn in the course of his 45-year career in Parliament, the others being Bristol South East in 1961, Bristol South East in 1963 and Chesterfield in 1984.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067463-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 British Columbia B-36 crash\nSometime after midnight on 14 February 1950, a Convair B-36B, Air Force Serial Number 44-92075 assigned to the 7th Bombardment Wing, Heavy at Carswell Air Force Base, crashed in northwestern British Columbia on Mount Kologet after jettisoning a Mark 4 nuclear bomb. This was the first such nuclear weapon loss in history. The B-36B had been en route from Eielson Air Force Base near Fairbanks, Alaska to Carswell AFB in Fort Worth, Texas, more than 3,000 miles southeast, on a mission that included a simulated nuclear attack on San Francisco.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067463-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 British Columbia B-36 crash, Incident\nConvair B-36B 44-92075 was flying on a simulated nuclear strike combat mission against the Soviet Union. The B-36 took off on 13 February 1950 from Eielson AFB with a regular crew of 15 plus a Weaponeer and a Bomb Commander. The plan for the 24-hour flight was to fly over the North Pacific, due west of the Alaska panhandle and British Columbia, then head inland over Washington state and Montana.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 42], "content_span": [43, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067463-0001-0001", "contents": "1950 British Columbia B-36 crash, Incident\nHere the B-36 would climb to 40,000 feet (12,000\u00a0m) for a simulated bomb run to southern California and then San Francisco, it would continue its non-stop flight to Fort Worth, Texas. The flight plan did not include any penetration of Canadian airspace. The aircraft carried a Mark 4 atomic bomb, containing a substantial quantity of natural uranium and 5,000 pounds (2,300\u00a0kg) of conventional explosives. According to the USAF, the bomb did not contain the plutonium core necessary for a nuclear detonation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 42], "content_span": [43, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067463-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 British Columbia B-36 crash, Incident\nCold weather (\u221240\u00a0\u00b0F/\u221240\u00a0\u00b0C on the ground at Eielson AFB) adversely affected the aircraft involved in this exercise, and some minor difficulties with 44-92075 were noted before takeoff. Seven hours into the flight, three of the six piston engines began shooting flames and were shut down, and the other three piston engines proved incapable of delivering full power. The subsequent investigation blamed ice buildup in the carburetor air intakes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 42], "content_span": [43, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067463-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 British Columbia B-36 crash, Incident\nThe crew decided to abandon the aircraft because it could not stay aloft with three engines out of commission while carrying a heavy payload. The atomic bomb was jettisoned and detonated in mid-air, resulting in a large conventional explosion over the Inside Passage. The USAF later stated that the fake practice core on board the aircraft was inserted into the weapon before it was dropped.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 42], "content_span": [43, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067463-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 British Columbia B-36 crash, Incident\nThe aircraft had been in constant radio contact with Strategic Air Command headquarters at Offutt AFB, Nebraska, and within minutes of the bailout the Royal Canadian Air Force launched Operation Brix to find the missing men. Poor weather hampered search efforts; nevertheless 12 of the 17 men were eventually found alive. One of the five deceased, the weaponeer, was rumored to have been recovered four years later (1954) at the crash site. The remaining four airmen were believed to have bailed out of the aircraft earlier than the surviving crew members, and it was assumed that they landed in the ocean and died of hypothermia. Canadian authorities were never told that the aircraft was carrying a nuclear weapon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 42], "content_span": [43, 759]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067463-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 British Columbia B-36 crash, Subsequent events\nTo search for the B-36, aircraft were pulled off the search for a Douglas C-54 that had disappeared three weeks earlier. A more exhaustive search was not launched for the B-36, as it was believed to be at the bottom of the Pacific. Three years later, an RCAF flight searching for the missing de Havilland Dove aircraft of Texas millionaire oilman Ellis A. Hall spotted the B-36's wreckage. It was found on the side of Mount Kologet, about 50 miles (80\u00a0km) east of the Alaskan border, roughly due east of the towns of Stewart, British Columbia, and Hyder, Alaska, on the east side of the isolated Nass Basin northwest of Hazelton, British Columbia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 51], "content_span": [52, 699]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067463-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 British Columbia B-36 crash, Subsequent events\nThe USAF immediately began an investigation. A team was sent in September 1953, as the effort was given a high priority, but they failed to reach the site after 19 days of trudging through the wilderness. The effort was resumed the following year with better equipment, and in August 1954 a new team of USAF personnel accompanied by a local guide reached the wreckage. They recovered important components and then used explosives to destroy what was visible above the snow.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 51], "content_span": [52, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067463-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 British Columbia B-36 crash, Subsequent events\nIn 1956, two civilian surveyors chanced on the wreck and noted its exact location, which otherwise remained unknown for the next 40 years. In 1997 one of the surveyors provided the coordinates to two distinct expeditions, one American and one led by the Canadian Department of National Defence, seeking to conduct an environmental analysis of the site. Both expeditions reached the wreck around the same time, and members were apparently the first humans to set foot in the area since 1956. The Canadian-led mission found no unusual radiation levels. In late 1998, the Canadian government declared the site protected. A portion of one of the gun turrets is on display at The Bulkley Valley Museum in Smithers, British Columbia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 51], "content_span": [52, 779]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067463-0008-0000", "contents": "1950 British Columbia B-36 crash, Subsequent events\nIn late October 2016 a diver reported he had discovered something that looked like a segment of the partially disarmed Mark IV nuclear bomb that the co-pilot said they had dumped before the crash. The location near Pitt Island in the Inside Passage was mistakenly reported as off Haida Gwaii. The Royal Canadian Navy later confirmed that the item was not the Mark IV bomb.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 51], "content_span": [52, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067464-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 British Empire Games\nThe 1950 British Empire Games was the fourth staging of what is now called the Commonwealth Games. It was held in Auckland, New Zealand between 4 and 11 February 1950, after a 12-year gap from the third edition of the games. The main venue was Eden Park, although the closing ceremonies were held at Western Springs Stadium, see New Zealand at the 1950 British Empire Games. The fourth games were originally awarded to Montreal, Canada and were to be held in 1942 but were cancelled due to World War II.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 529]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067464-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 British Empire Games, Games venue\nThe main stadium was at Eden Park. Other venues were the Auckland Town Hall (boxing and wrestling), the Drill Hall (fencing), Western Springs (cycling and the closing ceremony) Lake Karapiro (rowing), and the Newmarket Olympic Pool (swimming). Accommodation was at the Ardmore Teachers' Training College, 23 miles (37 kilometres) away at South Auckland. Total attendance was 246,694; higher than the following three Games, 1954 (159,636), 1958 (178,621) and 1962 (224,987).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 38], "content_span": [39, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067464-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 British Empire Games, Medals by country\nAt the 1950 British Empire Games all the teams won at least one medal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 44], "content_span": [45, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067464-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 British Empire Games, Medals by event, Rowing\nAll events were for men only. The events were held at Lake Karapiro, 160 kilometres (99\u00a0mi) south of Auckland. Three special trains took 1500 people to Cambridge on 7 February 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 50], "content_span": [51, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067464-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 British Empire Games, Medals by event, Water polo\nWater polo was contested by men's teams only, with New Zealand and Australia the only two teams entered. The matches were played at the Olympic Pool in Newmarket.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 54], "content_span": [55, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067465-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 British Empire Trophy\nThe 1950 British Empire Trophy was a non-Championship Formula One motor race held on 15 June 1950 at the Douglas Circuit, in Douglas, Isle of Man. It was the ninth race of the 1950 Formula One season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067465-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 British Empire Trophy\nThe 36-lap race was won by ERA driver Bob Gerard. Cuth Harrison finished second in an ERA, and Emmanuel de Graffenried third in a Maserati.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067466-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 British Grand Prix\nThe 1950 British Grand Prix, formally known as The Royal Automobile Club Grand Prix d'Europe Incorporating The British Grand Prix, was a Formula One motor race held on 13 May 1950 at the Silverstone Circuit in Silverstone, England. It was the first World Championship Formula One race, as well as the fifth British Grand Prix, and the third to be held at Silverstone after motor racing resumed after World War II. It was the first race of seven in the 1950 World Championship of Drivers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067466-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 British Grand Prix\nThe 70-lap race was won by Nino Farina for the Alfa Romeo team, after starting from pole position, with a race time of 2:13:23.6 and an average speed of 146.378\u00a0km/h. Luigi Fagioli finished second in another Alfa Romeo, and Reg Parnell third in a third Alfa Romeo.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067466-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 British Grand Prix\nThe race followed the non-championship Pau Grand Prix and San Remo Grand Prix (both won by Juan Manuel Fangio), the Richmond Trophy (won by Reg Parnell) and the Paris Grand Prix (won by Georges Grignard).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067466-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 British Grand Prix, Background\nThe formation of Formula One was created in 1946 with the first race under the Formula rules being the 1946 Turin Grand Prix which was won by Achille Varzi in the Alfa Romeo 158. But it wouldn't be until the 1949 when the F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale de l'Automobile announce a series that would take place the following year, one year after the formation of the Grand Prix motorcycle racing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 425]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067466-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 British Grand Prix, Background\nThe 1950 edition of the British Grand Prix was the fifth edition of the Grand Prix with it also being the third time that Silverstone Circuit held since the first race being held in 1948. It was also the designated European Grand Prix for the year, which was the 11th time that title had been held since the first one back in 1923. Before the first Grand Prix which was held, four non-championship races was held all across Europe with Juan Manuel Fangio winning the races in Pau and San Remo with the other two races being won by Reg Parnell and Georges Grignard.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 600]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067466-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 British Grand Prix, Background\nDuring the weekend, the race was also supported by an International 500cc race which was won by Stirling Moss driving a Cooper-JAP. There was also a demonstration run for the much-anticipated BRM P15, which was due to enter the sport later in the year. The race was attended by George VI, Queen Elizabeth, Princess Margaret, and the Earl & Countess Mountbatten of Burma.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067466-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 British Grand Prix, Background, Entries\n24 drivers was entered for the first race with them competing in 22 different cars. The number 7 and 13 were not assigned. The biggest absence was the Scuderia Ferrari who wouldn't compete in the opening race with Enzo Ferrari not sending any cars to Britain with the team debuting at the next round in Monaco. This meant that Alfa Romeo with four drivers for Farina, Fangio, Fagioli and British driver, Reg Parnell. Their main competition was the Maseratis, of Scuderia Ambrosiana and their drivers, David Hampshire and David Murray. Enrico Plat\u00e9 also entered two Maserati's with Prince Bira of Siam and Baron Toulo de Graffenried with the pair not being able to practice on Thursday. Felice Bonetto also entered in a Maserati but wouldn't arrive for the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 806]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067466-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 British Grand Prix, Background, Entries\nTalbot-Lago sent over two factory cars in the traditional French pale blue colour to be driven by Yves Giraud-Cabantous and Eug\u00e8ne Martin. Other private Talbots were entered by Louis Rosier, Philippe Etancelin and Belgian Johnny Claes, in a yellow car. The rest of the field was made up of local machinery, which included four E.R.A.s and two Altas, in British racing green.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067466-0008-0000", "contents": "1950 British Grand Prix, Qualifying\nQualifying took place on the Friday and saw the Alfa Romeo's ended up on the front row of the grid as Farina claim the first pole position in the history of Formula One with a time of 1:50.8. Fagioli and Fangio and Parnell would fill the remaining spots on the front row of the grid. Prince Bira was the fastest non-Alfa, 1.8 seconds back with the two Talbot's cars filling in the second row.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067466-0009-0000", "contents": "1950 British Grand Prix, Race\nOn 13 May, 21 drivers from 9 countries were represented at the old Silverstone airport, 4 from France, 2 from Italy, 1 each from Belgium, Ireland, Monaco, Argentina, Thailand and Switzerland. The UK was represented by 9 drivers. The race drew 200,000 spectators. At the start of the race, Farina took the lead with Fagioli and Fangio in pursuit, while Cabantous got a poor start and lost 4 positions. In the early laps they switched around between themselves several times to keep everyone amused.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 29], "content_span": [30, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067466-0009-0001", "contents": "1950 British Grand Prix, Race\nFangio retired with engine troubles caused by a broken oil pipe and so Farina led Fagioli home by 2.5 seconds with Parnell a distant third despite hitting a hare during the race. The nearest challenger was Giraud-Cabantous two laps down, Bira having retired with a fuel problem. Crossley and Murray duelled at the back before retiring, de Graffenried had done so on lap 34, while Chiron was demoted to the role of viewer 10 laps earlier. Nino Farina led for 63 laps (1\u20139, 16\u201337 and 39\u201370). Luigi Fagioli led for 6 laps (10\u201315).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 29], "content_span": [30, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067466-0009-0002", "contents": "1950 British Grand Prix, Race\nJuan Manuel Fangio led for 1 lap (38). Joe Fry drove car #10 for the first 45 laps, then Brian Shawe-Taylor took over for 19 laps for a total 64 laps, distance 297.536\u00a0km. Peter Walker drove car #9 for 2 laps, then Tony Rolt drove for and additional 3 laps, totaling 5 laps, a distance of 23.245\u00a0km. Nino Farina achieved the fastest lap of the race, with a 1:50.6 on Lap 2.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 29], "content_span": [30, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067467-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 British Lions tour to New Zealand and Australia\nThe British and Irish Lions tour to New Zealand and Australia in 1950 was the first post-war tour made by the Lions; there had not been one since 1938.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067467-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 British Lions tour to New Zealand and Australia\nThe 1950 team was the first to be nicknamed \"the British Lions\", rather than just \"British Isles\" and sported newly redesigned jerseys and a fresh style of play, managing to win 22 and draw one of 29 matches over the two nations. The Lions won the opening four fixtures before losing to Otago and Southland, but succeeded in holding the All Blacks to a nine-all draw. The Lions performed well in the remaining All Black tests though they lost all three, the team did not lose another non-test in the New Zealand leg of the tour. The Lions won all their games in Australia except for their final fixture against a New South Wales XV in Newcastle. They won both of the two tests against Australia, in Brisbane and in Sydney.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 775]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067467-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 British Lions tour to New Zealand and Australia\nBecause the team was travelling by ship, rather than by air as modern tours do, they also stopped off in Ceylon to play an unofficial game against the national team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067468-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 British Virgin Islands general election\nGeneral elections were held in the British Virgin Islands on 27 November 1950, the first after the decision to restore the Legislative Council of the British Virgin Islands. Four members were elected to the First Legislative Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067468-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 British Virgin Islands general election\nAt the time of the election the British Virgin Islands was governed as part of the Leeward Islands and the Legislative Council was constituted under Leeward Islands Act, 1950. After the election a new Constitution of the British Virgin Islands came into effect (the Constitution (Virgin Islands) Act, 1950). The 1950 Constitution was intended to be an interim measure, but several elections were later conducted under it until the 1967 Constitution was promulgated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 510]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067468-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 British Virgin Islands general election, Background\nThe British Virgin Islands had formerly had a Legislative Council, but it had been dissolved in 1901 largely due to lack of interest, and the Territory had been governed directly as part of the Leeward Islands.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 56], "content_span": [57, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067468-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 British Virgin Islands general election, Background\nBut in 1947 a fisherman from Anegada named Theodolph H Faulkner came to Tortola with his pregnant wife. He had a disagreement with the medical officer, and he went straight to the marketplace and for several nights criticised the government with mounting passion. His oratory struck a chord, a march of over 1,500 British Virgin Islanders led by community leaders presented their grievances at the Commissioner's office.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 56], "content_span": [57, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067468-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 British Virgin Islands general election, Background\nFollowing on from the march of 1947 the British undertook to organise elections and work towards the restoration of direct rule. In the end it took over three years for elections to occur.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 56], "content_span": [57, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067468-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 British Virgin Islands general election, Background\nAt the time of election, the British Virgin Islands was a heavily underdeveloped country:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 56], "content_span": [57, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067468-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 British Virgin Islands general election, Background\nIn 1950 the BVI was the \"backwater\" of the West Indies. The [existing political framework] was then grossly underdeveloped, with a population of about 5,000. There was patently little infrastructure such as roads, electricity or water supply; no airfield or deepwater port. Most roads were really tracks and transportation was mainly by mule or horseback. The electricity supply, such as there was, consisted of a small diesel generator principally to service the hospital, Government House and lower Road Town for a six-hour period daily.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 56], "content_span": [57, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067468-0006-0001", "contents": "1950 British Virgin Islands general election, Background\nThere were no banks or other financial institutions, no hotels and, simply, no economic base upon which the country could attract foreign investment or capital. The livelihood of the populace depended heavily on agriculture, fishing and cattle raising for export to neighbouring St. Thomas. There was some skilled labour consisting of boatbuilders and tradesmen, but no educated class.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 56], "content_span": [57, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067468-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 British Virgin Islands general election, Background\nThe electoral framework under which the election was conducted was archaic. Voters were required to pass a literacy test, effectively disenfranchising much of the population. Electoral candidates were required, amongst other things, to be landowners in order to stand for election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 56], "content_span": [57, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067468-0008-0000", "contents": "1950 British Virgin Islands general election, Results\nThe four persons elected to the inaugural Legislative Council were:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 53], "content_span": [54, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067468-0009-0000", "contents": "1950 British Virgin Islands general election, Results\nThere were no political parties in the Territory at the time, nor any system of Ministerial government. Accordingly, whilst the Council had legislative powers they did not have any executive authority, which continued to be administered through the British-appointed Administrator of the British Virgin Islands.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 53], "content_span": [54, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067468-0010-0000", "contents": "1950 British Virgin Islands general election, Results\nThe person whose actions ultimately led to the election, Theodolph Faulkner, was not in fact elected. However, Faulkner would later be elected to the Legislature in the 1954 election and then again in the 1960 election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 53], "content_span": [54, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067468-0011-0000", "contents": "1950 British Virgin Islands general election, Results\nAlthough he would run for election again in the future, Captain Carlton de Castro would only ever serve that one term in the legislature. Brudenell-Bruce never ran for election again, but he served again in the 2nd District when Edwin Leonard stepped down in August 1954 and he was appointed to take the vacant seat. H.R. Penn continued to serve in the legislature until he was beaten decisively in the 1963 general election and declined to run again. He then later served as Speaker of the Legislative Council between 1971 and 1975. Mr Fonseca had the longest political career, and would serve continuously in the legislature until his defeat in the 1971 general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 53], "content_span": [54, 727]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067468-0012-0000", "contents": "1950 British Virgin Islands general election, First Legislative Council\nThe four elected members made up a minority of the Legislative Council. The other five members were:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 71], "content_span": [72, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067469-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Brooklyn Dodgers season\nThe 1950 Brooklyn Dodgers struggled for much of the season, but still wound up pushing the Philadelphia Phillies to the last day of the season before falling two games short. Following the season, Branch Rickey was replaced as majority owner/team president by Walter O'Malley, who promptly fired manager Burt Shotton and replaced him with Chuck Dressen. Buzzie Bavasi was also hired as the team's first independent General Manager.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067469-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Brooklyn Dodgers season\nVin Scully joined the Dodgers' radio and television crew as a play-by-play announcer in 1950; in 2016, Scully entered his 67th consecutive season with the club, the longest such tenure in the history of sports broadcasting, that season was the first wherein his voice, as well as of Red Barber's, was broadcast on television station WOR-TV, making the Dodgers the last New York City MLB team to introduce regular television broadcasts, 11 years following the first broadcasts of 1939.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067469-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Regular season\nDuring the season, Duke Snider had a hitting streak of 22 games Another highlight was on August 31, when Gil Hodges hit four home runs in one game, becoming the first player in the 20th century to do so in his home park.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 44], "content_span": [45, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067469-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 73], "content_span": [74, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067469-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067469-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067469-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 68], "content_span": [69, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067469-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 69], "content_span": [70, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067470-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Brown Bears football team\nThe 1950 Brown Bears football team represented Brown University during the 1950 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067470-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Brown Bears football team\nIn their first and only season under head coach Gus Zitrides, the Bears compiled a 1\u20138 record, and were outscored 271 to 147. L.H. Hill was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067470-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Brown Bears football team\nBrown played its home games at Brown Stadium in Providence, Rhode Island.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067471-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Brownlow Medal\nThe 1950 Brownlow Medal was the 23rd year the award was presented to the player adjudged the fairest and best player during the Victorian Football League (VFL) home and away season. Allan Ruthven of the Fitzroy Football Club won the medal by polling twenty-one votes during the 1950 VFL season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067472-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Bucknell Bison football team\nThe 1950 Bucknell Bison football team was an American football team that represented Bucknell University as an independent during the 1950 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067472-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Bucknell Bison football team\nIn its fourth season under head coach Harry Lawrence, the team compiled a 6\u20133 record. Richard D. Johnson and Arnold V. Pechulis were the team captains.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067472-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Bucknell Bison football team\nThe team played its home games at Memorial Stadium on the university campus in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067473-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Buenos Aires Grand Prix\nResults from the 1950 Buenos Aires Grand Prix (also called IV Gran Premio Extraordinario Maria Eva Duarte de Per\u00f3n) held at the Palermo Street Circuit in Buenos Aires on 8 January 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067474-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Buffalo Bulls football team\nThe 1950 Buffalo Bulls football team was an American football team that represented the University of Buffalo as an independent during the 1950 college football season. In its third season under head coach James B. Wilson, the team compiled a 5\u20133 record. The team played its home games at Civic Stadium in Buffalo, New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067475-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Bulgarian Cup\nThe 1950 Bulgarian Cup was the 10th season of the Bulgarian Cup (in this period the tournament was named Cup of the Soviet Army). Levski Sofia won the competition after three games in the final against CSKA Sofia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067476-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Bulgarian Cup Final\nThe 1950 Bulgarian Cup Final was the 10th final of the Bulgarian Cup (in this period the tournament was named Cup of the Soviet Army). It was contested by Levski Sofia and CSKA Sofia. It took three matches at People's Army Stadium to determine a winner. The first took place on 26 November, the second on 27 November and the third on 3 December 1950. The cup was won by Levski Sofia. They won the 2nd replay 1\u20130 after extra time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067477-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 CCNY Beavers football team\nThe 1950 CCNY Beavers football team was an American football team that represented the City College of New York (CCNY) as an independent during the 1950 college football season. In their first season under Irving Mondschein, the Beavers team compiled a 1\u20137 record. Mondschein was introduced as head coach in September 1950 after Frank Tubridy resigned for an Army appointment at Fort Totten.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067477-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 CCNY Beavers football team\nMondschein, 38 at the time of his appointment as head coach, had played quarterback at CCNY before graduating in 1933. He then played professional football with the Passaic Red Devils of the American Association. Mondeschein worked as the backfield coach at several high schools in the New York metropolitan area and was the head football coach at The High School of Commerce in Manhattan in 1942. He returned to CCNY as backfield coach in 1947, assisting Harold J. Parker for two seasons and then Tubridy in 1949. Mondeschein was not related to fellow New Yorker Irving Mondschein, a well-known decathlete, who had played football at New York University (NYU) in 1946 was coaching at Pennsylvania's Lincoln University in 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 759]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067477-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 CCNY Beavers football team\nCCNY dropped the football program in April 1951 and cited inadequate facilities and finances for its decision.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067478-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Cal Aggies football team\nThe 1950 Cal Aggies football team represented the Northern Branch of the College of Agriculture in the 1950 college football season. The team was known as either the Cal Aggies or California Aggies, and competed in the Far Western Conference (FWC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067478-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Cal Aggies football team\nThe Aggies were led by second-year head coach Ted Forbes. They played home games at Aggie Field. The Aggies finished the season with a record of three wins and five losses (3\u20135, 3\u20131 FWC). They were outscored by their opponents 119\u2013150 for the 1950 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067478-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Cal Aggies football team, NFL Draft\nNo Cal Aggies players were selected in the 1951 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 40], "content_span": [41, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067479-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Cal Poly Mustangs football team\nThe 1950 Cal Poly Mustangs football team represented California Polytechnic State University during the 1950 college football season. Cal Poly competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067479-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Cal Poly Mustangs football team\nThe team was led by first-year head coach LeRoy Hughes and played home games at Mustang Stadium in San Luis Obispo, California. They finished the season with a record of three wins and seven losses (3\u20137, 0\u20134 CCAA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067479-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Cal Poly Mustangs football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Cal Poly Mustangs were selected in the 1951 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 61], "content_span": [62, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067480-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Cal Poly San Dimas Broncos football team\nThe 1950 Cal Poly San Dimas Broncos football team represented Cal Poly Voorhis Unit during the 1950 college football season. Cal Poly played as an independent in 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067480-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Cal Poly San Dimas Broncos football team\nCal Poly San Dimas was led by third-year head coach Duane Whitehead. The Broncos finished the season with a record of one win, six losses and one tie (1\u20136\u20131). Overall, the team was outscored by its opponents 75\u2013241 for the season, including being shut out in three of the eight games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067480-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Cal Poly San Dimas Broncos football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Cal Poly San Dimas players were selected in the 1951 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 70], "content_span": [71, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067481-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Calgary Stampeders season\nThe 1950 Calgary Stampeders finished in 4th place in the W.I.F.U. with a 4\u201310 record and failed to qualify for the playoffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067482-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 California Golden Bears football team\nThe 1950 California Golden Bears football team was an American football team that represented the University of California, Berkeley in the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) during the 1950 college football season. In their fourth year under head coach Pappy Waldorf, the team compiled a 9\u20131\u20131 record (5\u20130\u20131 against PCC opponents), won the PCC championship, lost to Michigan in the 1951 Rose Bowl, was ranked No. 5 in the final AP Poll, and outscored its opponents by a combined total of 224 to 90.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067482-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 California Golden Bears football team\nThe star of this season was guard and linebacker Les Richter, who years later became the first Golden Bear to be inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067483-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 California gubernatorial election\nThe 1950 California gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1950. For the last time, Warren was reelected governor in a landslide over the Democratic opponent, James Roosevelt, the son of President Franklin D. Roosevelt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067483-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 California gubernatorial election\nWarren is the last Republican gubernatorial nominee to have won Alameda County, along with being the last nominee of any party to sweep every county in the state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067484-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Campeonato Argentino de Rugby\nThe  1950 Campeonato Argentino de Rugby  was won by the selection of Buenos Aires Province (\"Provincia\") that beat the selection of Capital in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067484-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Campeonato Argentino de Rugby\nThis edition saw the first presence of the selections of La Plata and R\u00edo Paran\u00e0, formed by team of Santa Fe Province (Rosario excluded) and Entre R\u00edos. Before this club were part of the Uni\u00f3n de Rugby del Litoral Argentino. Starting from this time, it will be formed only by the club from Rosario.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067484-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Campeonato Argentino de Rugby, Final\nProvincia: R. Frigerio (Pucar\u00e1), C. Arana (CASI), A. Jones (Old G's), A. Palma (Pucar\u00e1), E. Caffarone (Olivos), R. Giles (Pucar\u00e1), G. Ehrman (Pucar\u00e1), L. Allen (CASI), M. Sarand\u00f3n (cap.) (SIC), D. Haxell (Old G's), E. Dom\u00ednguez (Pucar\u00e1), J. Neira (Curupayt\u00ed), N. Tompkins (Old G's), C. Swain (Old G's), R. Follet (Old G's). Capital: J. Genoud (C.U.B.A. ), U. O'Farrel (C.U.B.A. ), D. Wesley Smith (Bs. As. ), J. Comotto (Hind\u00fa), D. Farrell (Hind\u00fa), R. Quian (C.U.B.A. ), P. Felisari (Belgrano), A. Dillon (Belgrano), E. Holmberg (C.U.B.A. ), J. O'Farrell (C.U.B.A. ), A. Phillips(cap.) (Belgrano), C. Morea (C.U.B.A. ), A. Bori (Belgrano), H. Achaval (C.U.B.A. ), R. Pont Lezica (C.U.B.A. ).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 41], "content_span": [42, 733]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067485-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Campeonato Carioca\nThe 1950 edition of the Campeonato Carioca kicked off on August 12, 1950 and ended on January 28, 1951. It was organized by FMF (Federa\u00e7\u00e3o Metropolitana de Futebol, or Metropolitan Football Federation). Eleven teams participated. Vasco da Gama won the title for the 9th time. no teams were relegated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067485-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Campeonato Carioca, System\nThe tournament would be disputed in a double round-robin format, with the team with the most points winning the title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067486-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Campeonato Paulista\nThe 1950 Campeonato Paulista da Primeira Divis\u00e3o, organized by the Federa\u00e7\u00e3o Paulista de Futebol, was the 49th season of S\u00e3o Paulo's top professional football league. Palmeiras won the title for the 12th time. no teams were relegated and the top scorer was Portuguesa's Pinga with 22 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067486-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Campeonato Paulista, Championship\nThe championship was disputed in a double-round robin system, with the team with the most points winning the title. Originally, the team with the fewest points would be relegated, but the last-placed team of that year, Jabaquara, appealed to the sports courts, alleging that since it was one of FPF's founding members, the federation rules allowed the club to never be relegated. as a consequence, fellow founding members Comercial, that had been relegated in the previous year and had failed to be promoted, found itself invited back into the First Level.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 595]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067487-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Campeonato Profesional\nThe 1950 Campeonato Profesional was the third season of Colombia's top-flight football league. 16 teams compete against one another and played each weekend. The tournament was notable for being the second year of El Dorado. Deportes Caldas won the league for 1st time in its history after getting 45 points. Millonarios, the defending champion, was 2nd with 43 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067487-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Campeonato Profesional, Background\nThe tournament was the second year of El Dorado. The debutants teams were C\u00facuta Deportivo and Sporting de Barranquilla, while Atl\u00e9tico Junior, who had been replaced by Deportivo Barranquilla the previous year, returned to the tournament. On March 17, the DIMAYOR introduced new rules: All the teams had to wear jersey numbers, all grounds must be properly delimited and the length of the matches had to be respected, etc. On July 1, Hurac\u00e1n and Am\u00e9rica draw 6-6, being the draw with more goals in the history of the Categor\u00eda Primera A.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067487-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Campeonato Profesional, League system\nEvery team played two games against each other team, one at home and one away. Teams received two points for a win and one point for a draw. If two or more teams were tied on points, places were determined by goal difference. The team with the most points is the champion of the league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 42], "content_span": [43, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067488-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Canadian National Challenge Cup\nThe 1950 Canadian National Challenge Cup was won by Vancouver City.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067488-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Canadian National Challenge Cup, Alberta\nThe Calgary Football Association reported the draw for the Dominion play downs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 45], "content_span": [46, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067488-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Canadian National Challenge Cup, Ontario\u00a0\u2013 Quebec Play-off, Quebec\nWest End 2-1 Blue Bonnets (semi final at Charlevoix, 11 June 1950)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 71], "content_span": [72, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067488-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Canadian National Challenge Cup, Ontario\u00a0\u2013 Quebec Play-off, Quebec\nNorth End Hakoah v. Scottish (semi-final at Charlevoix, 13 June 1950)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 71], "content_span": [72, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067488-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Canadian National Challenge Cup, Manitoba\u00a0\u2013 Saskatchewan Play-off\nThis series was played by the Regina Nationals and Winnipeg Scottish.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 70], "content_span": [71, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067488-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Canadian National Challenge Cup, Manitoba\u00a0\u2013 Western Ontario Play-off\nThis best of 3 series leads to the National Championship and was hosted by Winnipeg. Winner moves on to play the Regina Nationals to begin Saturday 29 July 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 73], "content_span": [74, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067488-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 Canadian National Challenge Cup, Manitoba\u00a0\u2013 Western Ontario Play-off\nWinnipeg Scottish v. Port Arthur Brent ParkMonday 24 July 1950\u00a0\u2013 5-2 WinnipegTuesday 25 July\u00a0\u2013Wednesday 26 July\u00a0\u2013 if necessary", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 73], "content_span": [74, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067488-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 Canadian National Challenge Cup, Western Final\nThe Western Final was contested by Vancouver City and Calgary Callies in Calgary's Mewata Stadium. The best of 3 series was swept 4-1 and 2-0.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 51], "content_span": [52, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067488-0008-0000", "contents": "1950 Canadian National Challenge Cup, Eastern Final\nThe Eastern Final, or Dominion semi-final, was contested by Winnipeg Scottish and Montreal Hakoahs in Winnipeg.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 51], "content_span": [52, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067489-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Canadian caribou famine\nThe 1950 Canadian caribou famine happened when a change in caribou migration patterns caused widespread death in the southern interior of the Kivalliq Region in the west of Canada's Hudson Bay. The resulting famine wiped out half of the impacted Caribou Inuit communities.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067489-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Canadian caribou famine\nIn the early 1950s the Canadian media reported the starvation deaths of 60 Caribou Inuit. The government was slow to act but in 1959 moved the surviving 60, of around the 120 that were alive in 1950, to settlements such as Baker Lake and Eskimo Point. This set off an Arctic settlement push by the Canadian government where those First Nations living in the North were encouraged to abandon their traditional way of life and settle in villages and outposts of the Canadian North. It was this time that a Richard Harrington took his iconic photo of a starving Inuit mother, pressing her nose and lips to those of her youngest child. On February 8, 1950 a few days before Harrington wrote in his journal:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 731]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067489-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Canadian caribou famine\nCame upon the tiniest igloo yet. Outside lay a single, mangy dog, motionless, starving ... Inside, a small woman in clumsy clothes, large hood, with baby. She sat in darkness, without heat. She speaks to me. I believe she said they were starving. We left some tea, matches, kerosene, biscuits. And went on.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067490-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Caribbean Series\nThe second edition of the Caribbean Series (Serie del Caribe) was held from February 21 through February 27 of 1950. It featured the champion baseball teams of Cuba, Alacranes del Almendares; Panama, Carta Vieja Yankees; Puerto Rico, Criollos de Caguas, and Venezuela, Navegantes del Magallanes. The format consisted of 12 games, each team facing the other teams twice, and the games were played at Sixto Escobar Stadium in San Juan, Puerto Rico.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067490-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Caribbean Series, Summary\nThe Series had to go more than the scheduled 12 games when both Panama and Puerto Rico teams ended with a similar 4-2 record. Panama clinched the title after beating Puerto Rico in a tiebreaker game. The Panamanian team, who entered the series as underdog, was led by manager/outfielder  Wayne Blackburn, pitcher Chet Brewer (2-0), and third baseman Joe Tuminelli, who hit two home runs with seven runs batted in as he received Series MVP honors. The champion team also counted with pitchers John Fitzgerald, Tony Jacobs, Jean-Pierre Roy and Pat Scantlebury; catchers Roy Easterwood and Stan Andrews; second baseman Spook Jacobs, and outfielder Ted Cieslak.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 688]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067490-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Caribbean Series, Summary\nPuerto Rico was led by manager/outfielder Luis Rodr\u00edguez Olmo, who hit .292, and pitcher Luis Arroyo (2-0), who posted a 1.72 ERA and allowed eight hits in 15\u2154 innings. Other significant players in the roster included outfielder Willard Brown (.348), pitchers Wilmer Fields (1-0, one HR) and Rub\u00e9n G\u00f3mez, and first baseman Vic Power.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067490-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Caribbean Series, Summary\nEven with the Cubans heavily favored to win the Series, they only went 3-3. The team was managed by catcher Ferm\u00edn Guerra, and included Andr\u00e9s Fleitas, Al Gionfriddo, Conrado Marrero, Willy Miranda, Ren\u00e9 Monteagudo and Roberto Ortiz. Slugger H\u00e9ctor Rodr\u00edguez led the hitters with a .474 batting average (9-for-19), while pitcher Bob Hooper ended 2-0.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067490-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Caribbean Series, Summary\nThe hapless Venezuelan team was managed by outfielder Vidal L\u00f3pez and finished with a 1-5 record, being outscored 14-22, while losing by one run in three of their five defeats. L\u00f3pez paced the offense with a team-high four RBIs, leading also the Series in doubles (4) and tying Guerra and Monteagudo for 4th in RBIs. The roster included Alex Carrasquel, Chico Carrasquel, Pete Coscarart, Terris McDuffie, Bob Griffith, Jim Pendleton and Chucho Ramos, while the team's only victory came behind a strong pitching effort from starter Santiago Ullrich in the opener.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067491-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Carrera Panamericana\nThe 1950 Carrera Panamericana was a motor race held in Mexico from 5 May to 10 May 1950. It was the first edition of the Carrera Panamericana.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067491-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Carrera Panamericana, Background\nAfter the Mexican section of the Panamerican Highway was completed in 1950, a nine-stage, five-day race across the country was organized by the Mexican government to advertise this feat and to attract international business into Mexico. The race ran almost entirely along the new highway, which crossed the country from north to south for a total distance of over 3,300 kilometres (2,100\u00a0mi). Antonio Cornejo, a Pontiac dealer in Mexico City, was the general manager of the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 37], "content_span": [38, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067491-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Carrera Panamericana, Drivers\nRacers from the US, Italy, France, Spain, Venezuela, Colombia, Guatemala, Peru and obviously, Mexico. The Formula 1 drivers Piero Taruffi and Felice Bonetto took part in the race. Also Bill France, the founder of NASCAR. Other NASCAR drivers participated as Hershel McGriff, Curtis Turner. The sporcar racer Jean Tr\u00e9voux took part too.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 34], "content_span": [35, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067491-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Carrera Panamericana, The route\nThe first race ran from north to south, beginning in Ciudad Ju\u00e1rez, Chihuahua, across the international border from El Paso, Texas, and finishing in El Ocotal, Chiapas, (now known as Cd. Cuauht\u00e9moc) on the Guatemala-Mexico border opposite from La Mesilla, Guatemala. At least one stage was run each day for five consecutive days. The elevation changes were significant: from 328 feet (100\u00a0m) to 10,482 feet (3,195\u00a0m) above sea level, requiring amongst other modifications re-jetting of carburettors to cope with thinner air. Most of the race was run between 5,000 feet (1,500\u00a0m) and 8,000 feet (2,400\u00a0m).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 36], "content_span": [37, 641]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067491-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Carrera Panamericana, Results\nThe first three places were won by American cars and American drivers. The winner, Hershel McGriff, drove an Oldsmobile 88 at an average speed of 142\u00a0km/h (88\u00a0mph). Though less powerful, the car was substantially lighter than its big Lincoln and Cadillac competitors, meaning that it would eventually pull away from them on the steep, winding course.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 34], "content_span": [35, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067491-0004-0001", "contents": "1950 Carrera Panamericana, Results\nThe car (which had cost McGriff only $1,900, when the winner's purse was $17,000), had another advantage in its weight \u2013 it was much easier to stop, meaning that McGriff finished the race on his original brake shoes when the big cars were re-shoeing every night. The reason that this was so important was that neither McGriff nor his co-driver were capable of even the most basic maintenance to the car.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 34], "content_span": [35, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067491-0004-0002", "contents": "1950 Carrera Panamericana, Results\nMcGriff also noted that the control afforded by his manual gearbox gave him a significant advantage the last day on the gravel roads in Chiapas, when he finally passed the Cadillac leading the race. The best placed European car, in fourth position, was an Alfa Romeo 6C driven by Italian driver Piero Taruffi.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 34], "content_span": [35, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067491-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Carrera Panamericana, Fatalities\nIn this edition four people were killed. A four-year-old Juan Altamirano was hit by the car of Jes\u00fas Valezzi and Adolfo Due\u00f1as Costa in the first stage in Cd. Ju\u00e1rez before the start of the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 37], "content_span": [38, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067491-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 Carrera Panamericana, Fatalities\nIn the same stage near to finish line the Guatemalan Enrique Hachmeister lost the control of his Lincoln.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 37], "content_span": [38, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067491-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 Carrera Panamericana, Fatalities\nThe Peruvian co-driver Jes\u00fas Reyes Molina died in the fourth stage in Le\u00f3n, Guanajuato when the Nash of Henry Charles Bradley crashed with a bridge in the Florida river. Reyes Molina was taken to Le\u00f3n Hospital, where he died.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 37], "content_span": [38, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067491-0008-0000", "contents": "1950 Carrera Panamericana, Fatalities\nThe Nash Ambassador driven by the Americans Eddie Sollohub-Nicholeo Scott hit the crowd and killed a spectator in the fourth stage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 37], "content_span": [38, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067492-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Central American and Caribbean Games\nThe 6th Central American and Caribbean Games were held in Guatemala City, Guatemala, from February 28 to March 12, 1950. The games included 1,390 athletes from fourteen nations, competing in nineteen sports.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067493-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Central Michigan Chippewas football team\nThe 1950 Central Michigan Chippewas football team represented Central Michigan College of Education, later renamed Central Michigan University, in the Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (IIAC) during the 1950 college football season. In their first and only season under head coach Warren Schmakel, the Chippewas compiled a 6\u20134 record (2\u20132 against IIAC opponents) and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 209 to 125.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067493-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Central Michigan Chippewas football team\nThree Central Michigan players (quarterback Andy MacDonald, end John Partenio, and tackle Jim Schultz) received first-team honors on the All-IIAC team. McDonald broke Central's passing record and led the country's small colleges in passes completed, yards gained, and percentage of completions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067493-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Central Michigan Chippewas football team\nCoach Schmakel resigned after the 1950 season to accept a coaching position at Miami of Ohio. Shmakel was Central Michigan's fourth head football coach in six years. The assistant coaches for the 1950 season were Bill Theunissen, James Jones, Doc Sweeney (line coach, 12th year), Al Thomas, and Bob Bentley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067494-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Challenge Desgrange-Colombo\nThe 1950 Challenge Desgrange-Colombo was the third edition of the Challenge Desgrange-Colombo. It included ten races: all the races form the 1949 edition were retained with no additions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067495-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Chatham Cup\nThe 1950 Chatham Cup was the 23rd annual nationwide knockout football competition in New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067495-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Chatham Cup\nThe competition was run on a regional basis, with regional associations each holding separate qualifying rounds. Teams taking part in the final rounds are known to have included Eden (Auckland), Claudelands Rovers (Hamilton), Moturoa AFC (New Plymouth), Wanganui Old Boys, Ohakea, Brooklyn United (Wellington), Technical Old Boys (Christchurch), and Northern (Dunedin).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067495-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Chatham Cup, The 1950 final\nEden took the cup back to Auckland for the first time in 16 years. In the final, played in front of a crowd of 11,000, the first half contained one goal for each side. Tech's Cyril Thomas was the first on the scoresheet, but Eden levelled when Peter Goddard's shot was deflected off a Tech defender. In the second spell, John Jakens put Eden into the lead after concerted pressure in the first few minutes, but Technical came back strongly and equalised via Vic Smith (some reports credit the goal to Colin Bailey). The southern side had a chance to regain the lead in the first period of extra time from the spot, but the penalty miss proved costly and Eden took advantage, finding the winner when Don Brewer deflected a Goddard cross into the Tech goalmouth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 32], "content_span": [33, 793]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067496-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Chattanooga Moccasins football team\nThe 1950 Chattanooga Moccasins football team was an American football team that represented the University of Chattanooga (now known as the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga) during the 1950 college football season. In its 20th year under head coach Scrappy Moore, the team compiled a 1\u20139 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067497-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Chicago Bears season\nThe 1950 season was the Chicago Bears' 31st in the National Football League. The team matched on their 9\u20133 record from 1949 under head coach and owner George Halas, tied for first in the National Conference with the Los Angeles Rams, whom they had defeated twice in the regular season. They met in a tiebreaker playoff, won by the Rams, who advanced to the NFL Championship Game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067497-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Chicago Bears season\nThe Bears traveled by train to Los Angeles for the playoff game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 90]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067497-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Chicago Bears season, Regular season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 52], "content_span": [53, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067498-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Chicago Cardinals season\nThe 1950 Chicago Cardinals season was the 31st season the team was in the league. The team failed to improve on their previous output of 6\u20135\u20131, winning only five games. They failed to qualify for the playoffs for the second consecutive season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067498-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Chicago Cardinals season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 40], "content_span": [41, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067499-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Chicago Cubs season\nThe 1950 Chicago Cubs season was the 79th season of the Chicago Cubs franchise, the 75th in the National League and the 35th at Wrigley Field. The Cubs finished seventh in the National League with a record of 64\u201389.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067499-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 69], "content_span": [70, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067499-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 62], "content_span": [63, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067499-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 67], "content_span": [68, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067499-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 64], "content_span": [65, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067499-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 65], "content_span": [66, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067500-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Chicago White Sox season\nThe 1950 Chicago White Sox season was the team's 50th season in the major leagues, and its 51st season overall. They finished with a record 60\u201394, good enough for sixth place in the American League, 38 games behind the first place New York Yankees.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067500-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Batting\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; R = Runs scored; H = Hits; 2B = Doubles; 3B = Triples; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in; BB = Base on balls; SO = Strikeouts; AVG = Batting average; SB = Stolen bases", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 52], "content_span": [53, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067500-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Pitching\nNote: W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; G = Games pitched; GS = Games started; SV = Saves; IP = Innings pitched; H = Hits allowed; R = Runs allowed; ER = Earned runs allowed; HR = Home runs allowed; BB = Walks allowed; K = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 53], "content_span": [54, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067501-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Chicago streetcar crash\nThe 1950 CTA Streetcar Crash, also known as the Green Hornet Streetcar Disaster, occurred on May 25, 1950, when a Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) streetcar collided with a gasoline truck in Chicago, Illinois, United States. The resulting explosion killed 34 people and injured 50 others, remaining one of the most deadly public transit disasters in Chicago history. Over 100 people were made homeless by the collateral damage to adjacent buildings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067501-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Chicago streetcar crash, Crash\nThe collision occurred at the intersection of 63rd and State Streets at around 6:30pm on May 25, 1950. The streetcar was headed south on State Street but suddenly switched eastbound to avoid a flooded underpass. \u201cApparently, the motorman of the streetcar was not paying attention, and went through that switch at total velocity, and hit the side of that truck with dire consequences,\u201d said Craig Cleve, author of the book The Green Hornet Streetcar Disaster. The gasoline truck jackknifed after the collision and blocked State Street 200 feet north of 63rd Street. The motorman of the streetcar, Paul Manning, died at his post. The driver of the truck, Mel Wilson, died in the cab of the truck while the conductor of the streetcar, William C. Liddell, survived.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 35], "content_span": [36, 797]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067501-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Chicago streetcar crash, Crash\n14 year old Beverley Clark was alone as a passenger on the tram at the point of collision and managed to open the center door using the emergency handle, saving several people from the inferno. The passengers swelled to the rear doors (which opened inwards). The conductor William Liddell managed to temporarily open the rear doors. Arleen Franzen escaped through a small side window but others got trapped in this small gap.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 35], "content_span": [36, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067501-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Chicago streetcar crash, Consequences\nThirty-four people died in the streetcar while 50 people, some on the streetcar and others in the surrounding area, were injured. According to the National Safety Council\u2019s report two days after the crash, it was the largest death toll from a motor vehicle collision, surpassing the 29 people killed in a 1940 Texas train-truck collision. Some victims were identified immediately because of personal belongings whereas other victims were identified at the Cook County Morgue by friends and relatives in the days following the crash.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 42], "content_span": [43, 575]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067501-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Chicago streetcar crash, Consequences\nIn addition to the lives lost, nearby buildings and parked cars were consumed by the flames. Five buildings were completely destroyed on the east side of State Street between the 6239 and 6247 addresses. The total property damage was estimated to be around $150,000 (estimated to be $1,502,663.90 in 2016). William C. Liddell, the streetcar conductor, disappeared after the crash but was arrested the day after, charged with leaving the scene of the accident.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 42], "content_span": [43, 502]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067501-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Chicago streetcar crash, Aftermath\nIn 1955, the Chicago Transit Authority claimed it paid a total of $900,000 to families of the deceased. The accident was highly investigated, drawing conclusions as to what could prevent another such catastrophe. Among them were the addition of drainage systems for frequently flooded underpasses so operators would not have to detour, two yearly physical examinations of motormen and streetcar doors that could remain open in case of an emergency to allow for evacuation. However, in 1958 the CTA elected to stop using streetcars entirely. They were replaced by bus routes that still run today.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 39], "content_span": [40, 635]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067502-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Chico State Wildcats football team\nThe 1950 Chico State Wildcats football team represented Chico State College during the 1950 college football season. Chico State competed in the Far Western Conference in 1950. They played home games at Chico High School in Chico, California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067502-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Chico State Wildcats football team\nThe 1950 Wildcats were led by first-year head coach Paul J. Smith. Chico State finished the season with a record of two wins and six losses (2\u20136, 2\u20132 FWC). The Wildcats were outscored by their opponents 108\u2013157 for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067502-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Chico State Wildcats football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Chico State players were selected in the 1951 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 64], "content_span": [65, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067503-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Chilean Grand Prix\nThe 1950 Chilean Grand Prix was a Formula Libre motor race held at Santiago on December 17, 1950. The race was won by Juan Manuel Fangio in a Ferrari 166FL.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067504-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Christchurch mayoral election\nThe 1950 Christchurch mayoral election was part of the New Zealand local elections held that same year. In 1950, election were held for the Mayor of Christchurch plus other local government positions. The polling was conducted using the standard first-past-the-post electoral method.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067504-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Christchurch mayoral election, Background\nSitting mayor Ernest Andrews did not seek re-election, and former mayor Robert Macfarlane won the position against William Smith MacGibbon, who for many years was the chairman of the Tramway Board. The Labour Party gained a majority on the city council, winning twelve seats to the seven won by the Citizens' Association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067505-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Cincinnati Bearcats football team\nThe 1950 Cincinnati Bearcats football team was an American football team that represented the University of Cincinnati as a member of the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1950 college football season. The Bearcats were led by head coach Sid Gillman and compiled a 8\u20134 record. The Bearcats would lose to West Texas State in the Sun Bowl", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067506-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Cincinnati Reds season\nThe 1950 Cincinnati Reds season was a season in American baseball. The team finished sixth in the National League with a record of 66\u201387, 24\u00bd games behind the Philadelphia Phillies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067506-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 72], "content_span": [73, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067506-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 65], "content_span": [66, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067506-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067506-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 67], "content_span": [68, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067506-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 68], "content_span": [69, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067507-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Claxton Shield\nThe 1950 Claxton Shield was the 11th annual Claxton Shield; it was held in Sydney, New South Wales. The participants were South Australia, New South Wales, Victoria, Western Australia and Queensland. The series was won by New South Wales, their fifth Shield title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067507-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Claxton Shield\nThe quality of the competition received a lift as many American servicemen married and settled down in Australia. The Australian Baseball Council was criticised by the New South Wales board for not allowing two interstate players from competing in the Shield, one of which being Graeme Hole (test cricketer) from South Australia and the other being Queensland state cricketer Alan Smith. Both were top-ranking pitchers, but were knocked back due to them not having their six-month residential qualifications.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067507-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Claxton Shield\nQueensland secured its first Claxton Shield win on 30 July when they defeated Western Australia 2\u20131 in a 15-inning game played. At that time, it was the longest Shield game in history and was played in front of 10,000 spectators who braved the rainy July weather.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067508-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Clemson Tigers football team\nThe 1950 Clemson Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Clemson College in the Southern Conference during the 1950 college football season. In its 11th season under head coach Frank Howard, the team compiled a 9\u20130\u20131 record (3\u20130\u20131 against conference opponents), finished second in the Southern Conference, was ranked No. 10 in the final AP Poll, defeated Miami (FL) in the 1951 Orange Bowl, and outscored all opponents by a total of 344 to 76. The team played its home games at Memorial Stadium in Clemson, South Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 584]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067508-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Clemson Tigers football team\nThe team set numerous single-season school records, including most points scored (344), most rushing yards (2,800), most passing yards (1,411), and most combined passing and rushing yards (4,211). In addition, fullback and team captain Fred Cone set individual single-season school records in rushing yards (845), touchdowns (15), and points scored (92). Sophomore tailback Billy Hair led the team in passing yards with 644 and also rushed for 573 yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067508-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Clemson Tigers football team\nFred Cone and end Glenn Smith were selected as first-team players on the 1950 All-Southern Conference football team. Four Clemson players were named to the All-South Carolina football team for 1950: Cone, Smith, tackle Bob Patton, and back Jackie Calvert.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season\nThe 1950 Cleveland Browns season was the team's first in the National Football League (NFL) after playing the previous four years in the All-America Football Conference (AAFC), which folded after the 1949 season. The Browns finished the regular season with a 10\u20132 win\u2013loss record and beat the Los Angeles Rams to win the NFL championship. It was Cleveland's fifth consecutive championship victory, the previous four having come in the AAFC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season\nCleveland added 12 new players to its roster before the season began, several of whom came from other AAFC teams that had dissolved as part of a selective merger of the Browns, the Baltimore Colts and the San Francisco 49ers into the NFL in 1949. They included guard Abe Gibron, who went on to a 10-year football career, and Len Ford, a defensive end who had a Hall of Fame career with the Browns. The team's top draft choice was halfback Ken Carpenter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season\nAfter winning all five of their preseason games, the Browns faced the two-time defending champion Philadelphia Eagles in their first regular-season game. Many sportswriters and owners considered the Browns inferior despite their success in the AAFC, calling them the dominant team in a minor league, but Cleveland defeated Philadelphia 35\u201310, the first of 10 victories on the season. Cleveland's only two losses came against the New York Giants, with whom the team shared a 10\u20132 record at the end of the regular season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 548]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season\nThe tie forced a playoff to determine whether the Browns or Giants would win the American Conference and play in the championship game. Cleveland won the playoff 8\u20133 in freezing weather at Cleveland Stadium. A week later, on Christmas Eve, the Browns faced the Rams at home in the championship. Cleveland fell behind 28\u201320 in the fourth quarter against the Rams' potent offense, but quarterback Otto Graham engineered a comeback with a touchdown pass to Rex Bumgardner and a long drive that set up a winning field goal by Lou Groza with 28 seconds left to play. It was the first of six straight NFL championship appearances for the Browns. Cleveland fullback Marion Motley led the NFL in rushing, and seven Browns were selected to play in the first-ever Pro Bowl, the league's all-star game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 820]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season, Joining the NFL\nThe Cleveland Browns were founded and started play in 1946 in the All-America Football Conference (AAFC), a league formed to compete with the more established National Football League (NFL). The team was a success both financially and on the field under head coach Paul Brown, drawing large crowds and winning all four of the AAFC's championships between 1946 and 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 45], "content_span": [46, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0004-0001", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season, Joining the NFL\nIn a bid to end a competition for talent that raised player salaries and ate into owners' profits at a time when attendance in many large markets was declining, the NFL and AAFC agreed to a peace deal at the end of the 1949 season. Under the deal, four of the AAFC's seven teams were to go out of business, while three of them \u2013 the Browns, Baltimore Colts and San Francisco 49ers \u2013 would play in the NFL starting in 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 45], "content_span": [46, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season, Joining the NFL\nCleveland had been the AAFC's most successful team, but some NFL owners and sportswriters considered the Browns an inferior competitor \u2013 the top team in a lesser league. George Preston Marshall, the owner of the Washington Redskins, said the NFL's weakest team \"could toy with the Browns\". The AAFC had proposed an inter-league matchup between the AAFC and NFL champions in each year of its existence, but the NFL owners rebuffed those approaches each time. The Browns' entry into the NFL thus became the first time the team would be tested against NFL competition. NFL commissioner Bert Bell scheduled the team's first game against the Philadelphia Eagles, the two-time defending NFL champions. The Browns and Eagles were to play in Philadelphia on a Saturday, one day before the other NFL teams began their seasons, further spotlighting the matchup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 45], "content_span": [46, 897]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season, Offseason and roster moves\nThe dissolution of the AAFC left 13 professional football teams in the U.S., a significant reduction from the 17 in existence the year before. That resulted in a large pool of players without teams. As part of the AAFC and NFL owners' peace deal, the Browns and the AAFC's Buffalo Bills reached an agreement under which the Browns would get the rights to guard Abe Gibron, defensive tackle John Kissell and halfback Rex Bumgardner. In exchange, Bills owner James Breuil got an ownership stake in the Browns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 56], "content_span": [57, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0006-0001", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season, Offseason and roster moves\nSimilar deals were made between former AAFC owners and NFL teams in Los Angeles and New York City. The players left over after those deals were entered into a special draft from which the Browns selected defensive end Len Ford from the Los Angeles Dons and linebacker Hal Herring from the Bills. Gibron went on to a 10-year pro career, Kissell was a starter for the Browns for six seasons, and Herring played for three years. Ford, a tall and hard-hitting pass-rusher, became one of the top defensive ends of his era. He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1976.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 56], "content_span": [57, 634]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season, Offseason and roster moves\nCleveland added several more players to its roster in the 1950 NFL Draft, selecting halfback Ken Carpenter in the first round and tackle John Sandusky and guard Jim Martin in the second. Later selections included fullback Emerson Cole, halfback Don Phelps and defensive back Dom Moselle. Those additions aimed to replenish a backfield depleted by the departure of Edgar Jones, Bill Boedeker, Les Horvath and Ara Parseghian. Ken Gorgal, a lanky safety from Purdue, was another draft pick who earned a starting role in his rookie year, supplanting long-time starter Cliff Lewis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 56], "content_span": [57, 633]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0008-0000", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season, Offseason and roster moves\nThe Browns also tried to acquire Doak Walker, a Southern Methodist University back who had won the Heisman Trophy the previous year. Cleveland had chosen Walker in the 1949 AAFC Draft, while the Detroit Lions had secured his NFL rights in a trade with the New York Bulldogs. Both teams claimed him after the Browns entered the NFL, leading to a dispute that was settled by giving Walker to Detroit and awarding Cleveland an extra second-round draft pick. Cleveland used the pick to select Sandusky, while Walker went on to have a hall-of-fame career with the Lions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 56], "content_span": [57, 622]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0009-0000", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season, Offseason and roster moves\nThe 1950 season was one of major change for the Browns, with seven rookies on the roster and 12 new players overall. They joined an offense that featured quarterback Otto Graham, fullback Marion Motley and ends Mac Speedie and Dante Lavelli and a defense that featured linebacker Bill Willis and defensive back Warren Lahr. Two of the new players \u2013 Ford and Cole \u2013 were African-Americans, joining Willis, Motley and Horace Gillom to bring the number of black players on the team to five. With the additions, the Browns employed about a third of all the black players in the NFL at the time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 56], "content_span": [57, 647]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0010-0000", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season, Preseason\nCleveland held its training camp in Bowling Green, Ohio, as it had each year since its first season in 1946. The team played five exhibition games, against the Green Bay Packers, Baltimore Colts, Detroit Lions, Chicago Bears and Pittsburgh Steelers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 39], "content_span": [40, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0011-0000", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season, Preseason, Game summaries, Week 1: vs. Green Bay Packers\nThe Browns beat the Green Bay Packers 38\u20137 in their first preseason game, played before a crowd of about 10,000 at the Toledo, Ohio Glass Bowl. The Packers got out to an early 7\u20130 lead on their first drive, a 73-yard advance capped by a touchdown pass to Ted Cook. Cleveland responded with a touchdown from quarterback Otto Graham to end Dante Lavelli on the ensuing drive, tying the score. Cleveland's Alex Agase blocked a punt later in the quarter that set up a Lou Groza field goal on the first play of the second quarter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 86], "content_span": [87, 612]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0011-0001", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season, Preseason, Game summaries, Week 1: vs. Green Bay Packers\nLavelli caught another touchdown pass from Graham to give the Browns a 24\u20137 halftime lead. While Brown rested Graham for most of the second half of the game, the Browns built on their lead with an 87-yard rushing touchdown by rookie Don Phelps and another score by Rex Bumgardner. Phelps suffered a head injury in the game and did not remember making the run, the longest rush from scrimmage in team history to that point. He got X-rays after the game and spent two nights in the hospital after being diagnosed with a mild concussion. Brown was pleased with the team's performance after just three weeks of training camp, saying Phelps \"looked a knife cutting across the field\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 86], "content_span": [87, 765]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0012-0000", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season, Preseason, Game summaries, Week 2: vs. Baltimore Colts\nCleveland beat the Baltimore Colts, a rival from the old AAFC, in its second preseason game. Scoring in the game, played in Cincinnati, began with an 18-yard passing touchdown from Graham to halfback Dub Jones in the first quarter. Baltimore's Billy Stone received the ensuing kickoff and ran it back 100 yards for a touchdown to tie the game at 7\u20137. Graham then led the team on a 75-yard drive composed mostly of passes to Lavelli that ended with a one-yard touchdown by Graham on a quarterback sneak.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 84], "content_span": [85, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0012-0001", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season, Preseason, Game summaries, Week 2: vs. Baltimore Colts\nA short field goal by Groza gave the Browns a 17\u20137 lead at halftime. The Browns widened the lead with another Groza field goal in the third period and a touchdown set up by a 63-yard punt return by Ken Carpenter at the beginning of the fourth. Holding a 20-point lead, Brown rested his starters and sent in a squad composed entirely of rookies. The rookies managed another touchdown on a two-yard rush by Tom O'Malley that was set up by a Carpenter interception, giving Cleveland the 34\u20137 win. Cleveland's defense played well, allowing 42 net rushing yards and 86 passing yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 84], "content_span": [85, 663]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0013-0000", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season, Preseason, Game summaries, Week 3: vs. Detroit Lions\nCleveland won its third preseason game in a row over the Detroit Lions at the Rubber Bowl in Akron, Ohio. Graham threw a touchdown pass to Jones on the team's second offensive play after receiving the opening kickoff, the first of three touchdowns in the first quarter. The second score came on a one-yard rush by Graham set up by several passes to Jones on the team's second possession. The third was an eight-yard run by Rex Bumgardner at the end of the quarter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 82], "content_span": [83, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0013-0001", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season, Preseason, Game summaries, Week 3: vs. Detroit Lions\nNeither team scored in the second quarter, although Cleveland had two touchdowns called back because of penalties. A 41-yard rushing touchdown by Motley extended Cleveland's lead to 28\u20130 in the third quarter, and Brown rested his starters. With Cleveland's best players out of the game, Detroit scored two touchdowns in the fourth quarter on a pair of two-yard rushes by Dan Sandifer and John Panelli. Brown put his starters back in the game following Detroit's second touchdown, and a Graham pass to Bumgardner sealed the 35\u201314 win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 82], "content_span": [83, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0014-0000", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season, Preseason, Game summaries, Week 4: vs. Chicago Bears\nThe Browns beat the Bears in their fourth preseason game and the first matchup of the season at Cleveland Stadium. Chicago quarterback Johnny Lujack gave the Bears the game's first score with a touchdown pass to Jim Keane nine minutes into the first quarter. Cleveland tied the score later in the quarter with a two-yard Bumgardner rush. Chicago took the lead on a second-quarter field goal by George Blanda, but a Groza field goal later in the period evened the score.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 82], "content_span": [83, 552]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0014-0001", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season, Preseason, Game summaries, Week 4: vs. Chicago Bears\nNear the end of the quarter, Jones fell as he caught a pass from Graham, but managed to get back up and run it in for a touchdown, giving the Browns a 17\u201310 lead at halftime. Neither team scored in the third quarter, but the Browns began to pull away at the beginning of the fourth when Carpenter took a high punt by Fred \"Curly\" Morrison on his own 21-yard line and returned it for a touchdown. He got help on the play from a block at midfield by Phelps. Groza then kicked another field goal to put the Browns up by 17 points. Chicago scored two touchdowns as the game was out of reach in the fourth quarter, both of them passes from Lujack to Ken Kavanaugh.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 82], "content_span": [83, 742]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0015-0000", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season, Preseason, Game summaries, Week 5: vs. Pittsburgh Steelers\nCleveland beat the Steelers in the final game of the preseason, played at War Memorial Stadium in Buffalo, New York just three days after the Browns beat the Bears. Pittsburgh began the scoring in the first quarter with a one-yard rushing touchdown by Jerry Shipkey. The Browns responded with a touchdown run by Bumgardner in the first quarter on a Statue of Liberty play. Another touchdown run by Motley in the second period gave the Browns a 14\u20137 lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 88], "content_span": [89, 543]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0015-0001", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season, Preseason, Game summaries, Week 5: vs. Pittsburgh Steelers\nAfter a Pittsburgh field goal, Cleveland added a touchdown and a field goal later in the second quarter to go ahead 24\u201310 at halftime. The Browns continued their scoring streak in the third quarter as a long kickoff return by Carpenter set up a 21-yard rushing touchdown by Emerson Cole. Shipkey scored one touchdown in the third quarter and two in the fourth, one of them a 35-yard interception return by Howard Hartley, but the Browns scored another touchdown and field goal to seal a 41\u201331 victory. Brown rested his starters for the fourth quarter, as he had in previous preseason games. Cleveland's offense had 194 rushing yards and 289 passing yards, compared to 282 yards of total offense by the Steelers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 88], "content_span": [89, 800]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0016-0000", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season, Regular season\nAfter winning all of its preseason games, Cleveland prepared to face the defending champion Philadelphia Eagles to open the regular season. The victory over the Bears, who finished near the top of the NFL's Western Conference in 1949, appeared to prove that the team could compete in the new league, but Eagles coach Greasy Neale did not take the Browns seriously.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 44], "content_span": [45, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0016-0001", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season, Regular season\nLed by an offense that featured Graham, Motley and Lavelli, all of whom were later inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame, the Browns beat the Eagles in Philadelphia and went on to finish the regular season with a 10\u20132 record for first place in the league's American Division. Their losses both came against the New York Giants.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 44], "content_span": [45, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0017-0000", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 1: vs. Philadelphia Eagles\nBefore the game against Philadelphia, Brown told his players that Cleveland's successful years in the AAFC were at stake against the Eagles. \"There's not only this season at stake, but four years of achievements\", he told them. \"I'm asking you to dedicate yourselves to preserving the reputation the Browns have made\". The Eagles punted after their first drive stalled, and Cleveland's Don Phelps returned the kick 64 yards for a touchdown. The score was called back on a clipping penalty, however. Groza injured his arm on the play and sat out the rest of the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 93], "content_span": [94, 660]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0017-0001", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 1: vs. Philadelphia Eagles\nPhiladelphia made the first score of the game, a 17-yard field goal by Cliff Patton. The Browns tried to respond with a field goal of their own, but Chubby Grigg, substituting for Groza, missed the attempt. Jones scored a touchdown later in the first quarter on a pass from Graham, putting Cleveland in the lead. Another touchdown pass from Graham to Lavelli at the end of the second quarter put Cleveland ahead 14\u20133 at halftime.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 93], "content_span": [94, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0017-0002", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 1: vs. Philadelphia Eagles\nThe Browns extended the lead on their first possession of the third quarter, an 80-yard drive capped by a short touchdown pass to end Mac Speedie. Turnovers by Philadelphia and then by the Browns set up a touchdown for the Eagles at the beginning of the fourth quarter to narrow Cleveland's lead to 11 points. The Browns added two touchdowns toward the end of the game, the first on a one-yard quarterback sneak by Graham and the second a short run by Bumgardner that was set up by a Lahr interception.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 93], "content_span": [94, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0017-0003", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 1: vs. Philadelphia Eagles\nThe Browns had 316 passing yards and 141 rushing yards in the 35\u201310 win. A crowd of 71,237 people saw the game, an attendance record in Philadelphia and the ninth-largest in professional football history at the time. NFL commissioner Bert Bell named Graham the team's most valuable player and gave him a trophy, calling the Browns \"the greatest team to ever play the game\". Neale congratulated the Browns on the win, but critiqued the team for its reliance on passing, equating it to a basketball team. Brown said the team would not gloat over the victory, citing a long season ahead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 93], "content_span": [94, 678]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0018-0000", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 2: vs. Baltimore Colts\nCleveland next traveled to Baltimore to face the Colts, winning 31\u20130. Cleveland scored three times in the first quarter, getting out to a 17\u20130 lead. The first was a 38-yard touchdown pass from Graham to Lavelli on the team's second play from scrimmage. Grigg kicked a short field goal on the team's next possession, and Jones ran for the third score, an 11-yard touchdown. Graham threw four interceptions in the game, including on his first two passes of the second half, giving Baltimore several opportunities to score.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 89], "content_span": [90, 610]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0018-0001", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 2: vs. Baltimore Colts\nWhile the Colts reached the Browns' 2-yard line twice, the Cleveland defense forced a turnover on downs both times. Jones ran for another touchdown in the third quarter, a 61-yard rush that capped a two-play, 82-yard drive. In the waning minutes of the game, Ken Gorgal intercepted a Baltimore pass and lateraled it to Lahr, who returned it 21 yards. On the second play of the ensuing possession, Carpenter took a handoff from Cliff Lewis, who was substituting for Graham, and ran it 61 yards for another touchdown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 89], "content_span": [90, 605]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0019-0000", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 3: vs. New York Giants\nCleveland lost its first game of the season and was shut out for the first time in 62 games against the Giants in Cleveland. Unlike the Eagles, the Giants prepared carefully for the Browns and were able to stop the team's potent passing attack. After the Browns beat Philadelphia, Giants coach Steve Owen scouted the team and resolved to use an innovative umbrella defense, a formation where the defensive ends were used to cover passes. This freed the team's linebackers and safeties to cover passes over the middle of the field.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 89], "content_span": [90, 620]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0019-0001", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 3: vs. New York Giants\nThe Giants advanced 52 yards on a drive in the first quarter, ending with a touchdown run by Eddie Price. The extra point attempt failed, but the six points were enough to win the game as New York's defensive strategy paid dividends. Graham had no completions in the first half and threw four interceptions. Cleveland had several opportunities to score late in the game, including a drive set up by a good punt return by Dom Moselle that ended with a fumble. Graham also missed on passes to Speedie and Horace Gillom in the end zone in the fourth quarter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 89], "content_span": [90, 645]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0020-0000", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 4: vs. Pittsburgh Steelers\nCleveland beat the Steelers in the fourth game of the regular season. Pittsburgh took the lead on a 30-yard field goal by Joe Geri early in the first quarter. Moselle returned a punt 46 yards to Pittsburgh's 19-yard line later in the period, leading to a drive that ended with a one-yard touchdown on a quarterback sneak by Graham. A Pittsburgh fumble in the second quarter gave Cleveland the ball at the Steelers' 39-yard line, setting up another score on a sneak by Graham.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 93], "content_span": [94, 569]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0020-0001", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 4: vs. Pittsburgh Steelers\nPittsburgh's Howard Hartley fumbled a punt later in the quarter and Cleveland recovered, leading to another touchdown, this time a 2-yard run by Jones. An errant snap on the Steelers' first play in the second half rolled into their own end zone, where Lynn Chandnois recovered but was tackled by John Kissell for a safety. Pittsburgh scored a touchdown later in the third quarter, narrowing the score to 23\u201310, but another score by Jones with nine minutes left to play clinched the victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 93], "content_span": [94, 584]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0021-0000", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 5: vs. Chicago Cardinals\nThe Browns beat the Chicago Cardinals at home in the fifth game of the season, bringing their record to four wins and one loss. Chicago scored a touchdown on their first possession, assisted by a defensive holding penalty against the Browns that gave the Cardinals a first down at Cleveland's three-yard line. A field goal by Pat Harder extended Chicago's lead to 10\u20130. Graham ran for a touchdown later in the first quarter after dropping back to pass near the end zone and finding room to run.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 91], "content_span": [92, 586]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0021-0001", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 5: vs. Chicago Cardinals\nCleveland then evened the score in the second quarter with a field goal by Groza. The Cardinals scored another touchdown in the second quarter after a long drive on which the Browns were penalized for 41 yards, and led 17\u201310 at halftime. Chicago built on its lead six minutes into the third quarter with 36-yard passing touchdown set up by a short punt into the wind by Gillom. Graham and the Browns began to mount a comeback on the next drive with a 54-yard lateral play between Graham, Lavelli and Motley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 91], "content_span": [92, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0021-0002", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 5: vs. Chicago Cardinals\nGraham then threw a touchdown to Lavelli from 29 yards out. Another touchdown pass to Lavelli in the fourth quarter tied the game, and Cleveland took the lead for the first time with a 19-yard field goal by Groza. A touchdown run by Motley near the end of the game sealed the victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 91], "content_span": [92, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0022-0000", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 6: vs. New York Giants\nCleveland lost to the Giants for the second time in the sixth game of the season at the Polo Grounds in New York. The Giants again managed to stymie the Browns' passing game, but employed a different strategy from the one they used in three weeks before. Instead of dropping their defensive ends into coverage to handle Cleveland's receivers, New York allowed single coverage on the receivers and had its ends rush Graham, giving him less time to find his men open. Graham lost 71 yards being tackled while dropping back to pass.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 89], "content_span": [90, 619]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0022-0001", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 6: vs. New York Giants\nA fumble by Graham early in the game was recovered by the Giants, leading to New York's first score, a 22-yard field goal. The Browns scored a field goal midway through the second quarter after going for it on fourth down at midfield and getting help from an interference penalty. Tony Adamle recovered a fumble on the ensuing kickoff, and the Browns drove into New York territory as time ran out in the first half. Groza kicked a field goal, putting the Browns ahead 6\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 89], "content_span": [90, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0022-0002", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 6: vs. New York Giants\nAfter Cleveland kicked off to New York with only a few seconds left in the half, returner Jim Ostendarp let the ball roll to his own one-yard line and the Browns recovered the live ball. Graham then ran a quarterback sneak for a touchdown. The Giants dominated in the second half, scoring a touchdown on their second drive and adding another in the fourth quarter to win the game, 17\u201313. Graham was held to just 118 yards of passing on 10 completions. Cleveland defensive end Len Ford suffered a severe injury to his face during the game and had to be taken to the hospital. He sat out the remainder of the regular season and had to have his mouth wired shut so it could heal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 89], "content_span": [90, 766]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0023-0000", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 7: vs. Pittsburgh Steelers\nCleveland handily beat the Steelers at home in their seventh game of the season. It was a breakout performance for Motley, who had 11 carries for 188 yards and two touchdown runs. A 61-yard return of the opening kickoff by Phelps set up the Browns' first touchdown, a short rush by Graham two and a half minutes into the first period. After stopping a pair of long Pittsburgh drives in the second quarter, Cleveland advanced to the Steelers' two-yard line but had to settle for a Groza field goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 93], "content_span": [94, 591]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0023-0001", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 7: vs. Pittsburgh Steelers\nNear the end of the half, Motley caught a pass from Graham and ran it in for another touchdown, putting Cleveland ahead 17\u20130. An interception by Gorgal on Pittsburgh's first drive of the third quarter led to Motley's second touchdown, a 69-yard run. Another interception by Jim Martin and a touchdown catch on the next drive by Phelps gave the Browns their fourth touchdown of the game and a commanding lead. Pittsburgh scored a touchdown on a two-play, 80-yard drive in the fourth quarter, but Cleveland added two more touchdowns at the end of the game to win 45\u20137.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 93], "content_span": [94, 660]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0024-0000", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 8: vs. Chicago Cardinals\nCleveland beat the Cardinals 10\u20137 in the eighth week in Chicago. The Cardinals got the ball first, but Cleveland took over when Tony Adamle recovered a fumble by Venton Yablonski. Jones took a pitch from Graham on the Browns' first play and ran it 33 yards for a touchdown. The Browns forced the Cardinals to punt on their next possession and started a drive from their own 27-yard line. A run by Bumgardner and a 26-yard reception by Lavelli helped set up a 17-yard Groza field goal, putting Cleveland up 10\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 91], "content_span": [92, 603]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0024-0001", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 8: vs. Chicago Cardinals\nThe Browns had two more promising drives in the second quarter, but both ended with missed field goals. Chicago scored a touchdown before halftime, aided by a 64-yard pass from Frank Tripucka to Bob Shaw. Neither team scored in the second half, when both defenses performed well. The Cardinals stopped a long Cleveland drive in the fourth quarter that reached their two-yard line, but they were unable to score on their ensuing possession as time expired. The win gave the Browns the lead in the NFL's American Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 91], "content_span": [92, 614]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0025-0000", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 9: vs. San Francisco 49ers\nCleveland beat the San Francisco 49ers, an old rival from the AAFC, at home in the ninth game of the season. The 49ers scored first after blocking a Gillom punt and recovering at Cleveland's one-yard line in the first quarter. San Francisco 49ers quarterback Frankie Albert ran for a touchdown on the following play. The Browns' Chubby Grigg recovered a fumble by San Francisco's Sam Cathcart at the 49ers' seven-yard line near end of the first quarter, setting up a short touchdown pass from Graham to Jones.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 93], "content_span": [94, 603]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0025-0001", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 9: vs. San Francisco 49ers\nA 22-yard rushing touchdown by Motley put the Browns ahead midway through the second quarter, but San Francisco tied the game at the end of the half with a pass from Albert to Alyn Beals. A fumble by Joe Perry, one of five he made in the game, led to a Groza field goal 10 minutes into the third quarter. Groza added to the lead with another field goal in the fourth quarter, and the Browns surged ahead at the end of the game by capitalizing on San Francisco interceptions and fumbles. Both Jones and Bumgardner scored rushing touchdowns, securing a 34\u201314 win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 93], "content_span": [94, 655]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0026-0000", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 10: vs. Washington Redskins\nThe Browns beat the Washington Redskins in the 10th game of the season, improving their record to 8\u20132. After the Browns' first possession faltered, the Redskins took over and drove to the Browns' 22-yard line. The drive stalled there, however, and Washington missed a field goal attempt. Assisted by five Motley runs that gained 69 yards, the Browns scored the game's first points in the second quarter on a 30-yard field goal by Groza. Cleveland quickly added a touchdown on a throw from Graham to Lavelli after a Washington fumble.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 94], "content_span": [95, 628]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0026-0001", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 10: vs. Washington Redskins\nOn the team's next possession, however, a Graham pass was intercepted by Washington's Hal Haynes and returned for a touchdown to narrow the score to 10\u20137. Another field goal by Groza left the score at 13\u20137 at halftime. Washington dominated the third quarter, holding the Browns' offense in check and driving for a two-yard rushing touchdown to take a one-point lead. The Browns, however, pulled out the victory in the fourth quarter with a touchdown run by Phelps. The win kept the Browns in first place in their conference as the season drew to a close. Motley had another strong game, rushing for 127 yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 94], "content_span": [95, 704]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0027-0000", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 12: vs. Philadelphia Eagles\nAfter a bye in the 11th week of the season, the Browns beat the Eagles 13\u20137 at home. Lahr intercepted a pass less than two minutes into the game and returned it for a touchdown, putting Cleveland up 7\u20130. A steady rain fell during the game, resulting in a muddy field and a slippery ball. Both teams had trouble advancing. Remembering Neale's likening the Browns to a basketball team after their first matchup, Brown told his players before the game that they were not to throw a pass as long as they were tied or in the lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 94], "content_span": [95, 620]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0027-0001", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 12: vs. Philadelphia Eagles\nThe Browns threw only 2 pass attempts in the game, but they were both called back on penalties. However, on paper, the Browns are credited with not attempting a single pass during the game. They only once made a first down. Cleveland punted often on third down in the first half, opting to give Philadelphia the ball rather than risk a turnover in the inclement weather. Gillom has a total of 12 punts that averaged 42 yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 94], "content_span": [95, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0027-0002", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 12: vs. Philadelphia Eagles\nA fumble by the Eagles set up a 35-yard Groza field goal with less than two minutes left in the half to put Cleveland ahead 10\u20130. Groza kicked another field goal in the third quarter, boosting his season total to 12 and eclipsing an NFL record for field goals in a season that had stood since 1925. The Eagles scored a touchdown in the final minutes of the game after a 54-yard drive to narrow the final score to 13\u20137. The win kept Cleveland in a tie for first place with the Giants at 9\u20132 in the American Conference. No team has since failed to attempt a pass during a game as of 2013.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 94], "content_span": [95, 681]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0028-0000", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 13: vs. Washington Redskins\nDespite Marion Motley being ejected for fighting with Redskin players over racial slurs, the Browns beat the Redskins for the second time in the last game of the season. However, the Giants also defeated the Eagles, leaving them tied at 10\u20132 atop of the American Conference. The game, played during a heavy snowstorm in Washington, began with a Redskins touchdown on their first drive that was helped by an interference penalty on the Browns. Cleveland tied the game with a touchdown early in the second quarter following a Tommy James interception of the Redskins' Sammy Baugh.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 94], "content_span": [95, 673]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0028-0001", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 13: vs. Washington Redskins\nWashington quickly regained the lead with a 51-yard passing touchdown to Hugh Taylor, but Graham's 29-yard touchdown pass to Jones, his second of the game, evened the score at halftime. The Redskins went ahead for a third time with a touchdown in the third quarter, but the Browns dominated the remainder of the game, with touchdown receptions by Bumgardner and Phelps and an interception returned for a touchdown by Lahr. Groza scored two field goals in the final quarter to bring the score to 45\u201321. Despite poor weather and a slippery ball, Graham had four touchdown passes and 321 yards on 23 completions. The Giants also won in the final week of the season, forcing a playoff for the top spot in the conference and a place in the championship game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 94], "content_span": [95, 848]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0029-0000", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 39], "content_span": [40, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0030-0000", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season, Postseason\nThe Browns' tie with the Giants in the American Conference standings forced a playoff to determine which of them would advance to the championship game. The Bears and the Los Angeles Rams also tied for first place in the National Conference, forcing a second playoff game in Los Angeles. It was the first time since championship play began that two teams held the same record in both conferences at the end of the season. A coin toss gave Cleveland home-field advantage in the American Conference playoff, which was scheduled for Sunday, December 17 at Cleveland Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 40], "content_span": [41, 612]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0031-0000", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season, Postseason, Divisional playoff\nCleveland faced the Giants on a frozen field at home as a winter wind gusted through the stadium. Cleveland drove deep into New York's territory in the first quarter, but a stop by the Giants led to a Groza field goal that put the Browns up 3\u20130. The game was a defensive struggle through the middle periods. Neither team scored again until the fourth quarter, when Giants quarterback Charlie Conerly led a drive to the Cleveland 36-yard line.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 60], "content_span": [61, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0031-0001", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season, Postseason, Divisional playoff\nFrom there, Conerly handed the ball to back Gene \"Choo Choo\" Roberts, who sprinted outside the right of the line and appeared headed for a touchdown. Cleveland linebacker Bill Willis chased him down and tackled him at the 4-yard line, however. Bob McChesney then caught a pass from Conerly in the end zone for an apparent touchdown on third down, but it was called back on an offside penalty. Cleveland's Tommy James intercepted Conerly's pass on the next play, but the Browns were called for holding, negating the turnover.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 60], "content_span": [61, 585]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0031-0002", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season, Postseason, Divisional playoff\nThe Giants got a new set of downs, but were unable to score a touchdown. A penalty sent them back to the 13-yard line, from where Randy Clay kicked a field goal to tie the score. On the Browns' ensuing drive, Brown decided to switch strategies and focus on quarterback keeper plays, calculating that the Giants would be unprepared for runs by Graham. Cleveland advanced to New York's 22-yard line thanks to 45 yards of rushing by Graham, which set up a 28-yard field goal that gave the Browns a 6\u20133 lead. On the Giants' final possession as time ran out, Martin tackled Conerly in his own end zone, resulting in a safety and making the final score 8\u20133. The Browns and Giants had only 91 combined passing yards during the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 60], "content_span": [61, 786]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0032-0000", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season, Postseason, NFL Championship Game\nThe Rams beat the Bears in the National Conference playoff, setting up a championship matchup with the Browns in Cleveland. The Rams had been based in Cleveland before departing for Los Angeles in 1946, the year the Browns started play, and had won the NFL championship in 1945, when quarterback Bob Waterfield was a rookie. Los Angeles had made it to the NFL championship game in 1949, making its appearance against the Browns its second straight. The Rams had one of the most potent offenses in NFL history in 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 63], "content_span": [64, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0032-0001", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season, Postseason, NFL Championship Game\nIt featured Waterfield and Norm Van Brocklin at quarterback, Tom Fears and Bob Boyd at end and Elroy Hirsch at halfback. The Rams averaged 309 passing yards per game, a record that stood until 1984. The team's running unit, led by Dick Hoerner, Vitamin Smith and Dan Towler, averaged more than 140 yards a game. Los Angeles averaged 38.8 points per game in 1950, an NFL record that still stood as of 2007.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 63], "content_span": [64, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0033-0000", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season, Postseason, NFL Championship Game\nWhile the Rams were unmatched offensively, the Browns' defense gave up half as many points during the regular season. Brown announced before the game that he would employ an umbrella defense against the Rams, similar to the one the Giants had used effectively against the Browns. His plan was to show Los Angeles the umbrella formation at first but switch back to the team's usual formation soon after. He abandoned the umbrella defense after the Rams scored a touchdown on their first play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 63], "content_span": [64, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0034-0000", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season, Postseason, NFL Championship Game\nThe championship game took place on Christmas Eve in Cleveland a week after the conference playoffs. On the Rams' first play after the opening kickoff, Waterfield passed to Glenn Davis for an 82-yard touchdown, giving Los Angeles an early 7\u20130 lead. Martin was covering Davis, but slipped on the slick turf, leaving the receiver open. Graham and the Browns' offense responded with a drive later in the first quarter that evened the score, but the Rams went ahead again by a touchdown on a three-yard Hoerner rush.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 63], "content_span": [64, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0034-0001", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season, Postseason, NFL Championship Game\nCleveland scored a second touchdown in the second quarter, this time a 37-yard pass from Graham to Lavelli. Groza's extra point attempt failed, however, because of a high snap, putting the Browns behind by one point. Waterfield missed a 15-yard field goal attempt at the end of the first half, leaving the score at 14\u201313 at halftime.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 63], "content_span": [64, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0035-0000", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season, Postseason, NFL Championship Game\nCleveland took the lead again in the third quarter on a 39-yard touchdown pass to Lavelli, his second of the day. The Rams responded with a touchdown run by Hoerner and another touchdown quickly thereafter when Motley fumbled and Los Angeles's Larry Brink took it into the end zone. Down 28\u201320 as the fourth quarter began, Cleveland was helped by interceptions by Thompson and Lahr that put its offense in good field position.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 63], "content_span": [64, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0035-0001", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season, Postseason, NFL Championship Game\nOn a drive with 10 minutes left to play, Cleveland went for it on fourth down three times and made the necessary yards each time, advancing to the Los Angeles 14-yard line. From there, Graham threw a touchdown pass to Bumgardner, who dove to catch it in the corner of the end zone. After several more defensive stands, the Browns had the ball back and drove toward the Rams' end zone as the game drew to a close. Graham fumbled, however, and the Rams recovered with three minutes left.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 63], "content_span": [64, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0035-0002", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season, Postseason, NFL Championship Game\nCleveland's defense held, and Los Angeles punted, giving the Browns the ball back at their own 31-yard line with 1:49 left in the game. Graham scrambled up the middle for 16 yards on the first play, and then turned to his receivers. A pass to Bumgardner and two to Jones on the sidelines, followed by another to Bumgardner, put the ball at the Los Angeles 11-yard line. Graham ran a quarterback sneak on the next play to place the ball at the middle of the field in preparation for a field goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 63], "content_span": [64, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0035-0003", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season, Postseason, NFL Championship Game\nAfter a time out, Groza came in and kicked the field goal with 0:28 left on the clock to put Cleveland ahead 30\u201328. The Rams fumbled the ensuing kickoff and the Browns recovered, appearing to seal the victory. The officials ruled that Groza had kicked prematurely, however, and Los Angeles returned his rekick to their 46-yard line. An interception by Lahr on a sideline pass stopped the drive and gave Cleveland the win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 63], "content_span": [64, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0036-0000", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season, Season leaders\nMotley led the NFL in rushing yards, with 810. He also had the highest yards-per-carry average among running backs, with 5.8. Gillom's punting average of 43.2 yards was second in the league, just 0.1 yards behind the leader. Groza, meanwhile, set an NFL record for number of field goals made in a season, with 13, and had a .684 average. Motley was chosen by the Associated Press, United Press International and the New York Daily News as a first-team All-", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 44], "content_span": [45, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0036-0001", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season, Season leaders\nPro. Speedie and Willis also made it on sportswriters' first-team All-Pro lists, while Graham, tackle Lou Rymkus, guard Lin Houston, fullback Tony Adamle and defensive back Tommy James were selected as second-teamers. Motley, Speedie, Willis, Graham, Adamle, Groza and guard Weldon Humble were also selected for the first-ever Pro Bowl, the NFL's all-star game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 44], "content_span": [45, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067509-0037-0000", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season, Season leaders\nThe 1950 season began a six-year run in which the Browns reached the NFL championship game, winning two more times in 1954 and 1955. Many of the team's players later remembered 1950 as the pinnacle of their careers, having proven that the team could match up against the best the NFL had to offer. While it was not one of Graham's best seasons statistically, he led the Browns to victory at the end of games against the Giants and Rams to seal victories, and had a 119.0 passer rating. He later called the season \"the highlight of my career\". Brown believed his undefeated 1948 team was the best he ever coached, but once said the 1950 season was \"the most satisfying football experience of my life\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 44], "content_span": [45, 745]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067510-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Indians season\nThe 1950 Cleveland Indians season was the 50th season in franchise history. The team finished fourth in the American League with a record of 92\u201362, six games behind the New York Yankees.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067510-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Indians season, Regular season\nIn 1950, the Cleveland Indians became the first Major League Baseball franchise to use a bullpen car. Rookie Al Rosen led the American League in home runs with 37.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067510-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 74], "content_span": [75, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067510-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 67], "content_span": [68, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067510-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067510-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067510-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 70], "content_span": [71, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067511-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Colchester Borough Council election\nElections to Colchester Borough Council took place on 11 May 1950. This was on the same day as other local elections across the United Kingdom.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067512-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Colgate Red Raiders football team\nThe 1950 Colgate Red Raiders football team was an American football team that represented Colgate University as an independent during the 1950 college football season. In its fourth season under head coach Paul Bixler, the team compiled a 5\u20133 record and was outscored by a total of 193 to 184. Alan Egler was the team captain. The team played its home games at Colgate Athletic Field in Hamilton, New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067513-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 College Baseball All-America Team\nAn All-American team is an honorary sports team composed of the best amateur players of a specific season for each team position\u2014who in turn are given the honorific \"All-America\" and typically referred to as \"All-American athletes\", or simply \"All-Americans\". Although the honorees generally do not compete together as a unit, the term is used in U.S. team sports to refer to players who are selected by members of the national media. Walter Camp selected the first All-America team in the early days of American football in 1889.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 569]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067513-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 College Baseball All-America Team\nFrom 1947-1980, the American Baseball Coaches Association was the only All-American selector recognized by the NCAA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067514-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 College Football All-America Team\nThe 1950 College Football All-America team is composed of college football players who were selected as All-Americans by various organizations and writers that chose College Football All-America Teams in 1950. The eight selectors recognized by the NCAA as \"official\" for the 1950 season are (1) the All-America Board (AAB), (2) the American Football Coaches Association (AFCA), (3) the Associated Press (AP), (4) the Football Writers Association of America (FW), (5) the International News Service (INS), (6) the Newspaper Enterprise Association (NEA), (7) the Sporting News (SN), and (8) the United Press (UP).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 650]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067514-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 College Football All-America Team\nOhio State halfback Vic Janowicz, Army end Dan Foldberg, and Texas guard Bud McFadin were the only three players to be unanimously named first-team All-Americans by all eight official selectors. Janowicz was awarded the 1950 Heisman Trophy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067514-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 College Football All-America Team, Consensus All-Americans\nFor the year 1950, the NCAA recognizes eight published All-American teams as \"official\" designations for purposes of its consensus determinations. The following chart identifies the NCAA-recognized consensus All-Americans and displays which first-team designations they received.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 63], "content_span": [64, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067515-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 College World Series\nThe 1950 College World Series was the fourth NCAA-sanctioned baseball tournament that determined a national champion. The tournament was held as the conclusion of the 1950 NCAA baseball season and was played at Johnny Rosenblatt Stadium in Omaha, Nebraska from June 15 to June 23. It was the first College World Series to be held at the stadium, which hosted the event through 2010. The tournament's champion was the Texas Longhorns, coached by Bibb Falk. The Most Outstanding Player was Ray VanCleef of Rutgers. The championship was the second consecutive for the Longhorns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 601]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067515-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 College World Series\nThe tournament consisted of no preliminary round of play, as teams were selected directly into the College World Series. From 1947 to 1949, there likewise was no preliminary round, as the teams were chosen based on committee selections, conference champions, and district playoffs. From 1954 to the present, teams compete in the NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament preliminary round(s), to determine the eight teams that play in the College World Series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067516-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Colorado A&M Aggies baseball team\nThe 1950 Colorado A&M Aggies baseball team is a baseball team that represented Colorado State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts in the 1950 NCAA baseball season. They were members of the Skyline Conference and were led by third-year head coach Mark Duncan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067516-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Colorado A&M Aggies baseball team\nDon \"Lefty\" Straub set a single season school record with 102 strikeouts thrown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067517-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Colorado A&M Aggies football team\nThe 1950 Colorado A&M Aggies football team represented Colorado State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts in the Skyline Conference during the 1950 college football season. In their fourth season under head coach Bob Davis, the Aggies compiled a 6\u20133 record (4\u20131 against Skyline opponents), finished second in the Skyline Conference, and outscored all opponents by a total of 215 to 141.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067517-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Colorado A&M Aggies football team\nFour Colorado Agricultural players received all-conference honors in 1950: guard Dale Dodrill, tackle Frank McKiben, halfback Jack Christiansen, and tackle Cliff Hoelzer. Christiansen later played eight seasons as a safety and return specialist with the Detroit Lions and was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame. Dodrill played nine seasons as a defensive tackle with the Pittsburgh Steelers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067518-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Colorado Buffaloes football team\nThe 1950 Colorado Buffaloes football team was an American football team that represented the University of Colorado during the 1950 college football season. Head coach Dallas Ward led the team to a 2\u20134 mark in the \"Big 7\" and 5\u20134\u20131 overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067519-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Colorado gubernatorial election\nThe 1950 Colorado gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1950. Republican nominee Daniel I. J. Thornton defeated Democratic incumbent Walter Walford Johnson with 52.43% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067520-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Columbia Lions football team\nThe 1950 Columbia Lions football team was an American football team that represented Columbia University as an independent during the 1950 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067520-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Columbia Lions football team\nIn their 21st season under head coach Lou Little, the Lions compiled a 4\u20135 record, and were outscored 169 to 151. Albert Nork was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067520-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Columbia Lions football team\nColumbia played its home games at Baker Field in Upper Manhattan, in New York City.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067521-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Concord state by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Concord on 11 February 1950 because of the death of Brice Mutton (Liberal).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067521-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Concord state by-election\nThe by-elections for Armidale and Wollongong-Kembla were held on the same day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067522-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Connecticut Huskies football team\nThe 1950 Connecticut Huskies football team represented the University of Connecticut in the 1950 college football season. The Huskies were led by first year head coach Arthur Valpey, and completed the season with a record of 3\u20135.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067523-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Connecticut gubernatorial election\nThe 1950 Connecticut gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1950. Republican nominee John Davis Lodge defeated Democratic incumbent Chester Bowles with 49.66% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067523-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Connecticut gubernatorial election\nThis was the first gubernatorial election since the law was changed to have Connecticut's governors elected every four years, instead of every two years, as had been done previously. As a result, Lodge was the first Connecticut Governor to serve a four-year term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067524-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Cook Islands Round Cup\nThe 1950 season of the Cook Islands Round Cup was the first season of top flight association football competition in the Cook Islands. Titikaveka won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067525-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Copa del General\u00edsimo Final\nThe Copa del General\u00edsimo 1950 Final was the 48th final of the King's Cup. The final was played at Estadio Chamart\u00edn in Madrid, on 28 May 1950, being won by Atl\u00e9tico de Bilbao, who beat Real Valladolid 4-1 after extra time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067526-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Coppa Acerbo\nThe 1950 Coppa Acerbo (also known as the 1950 Pescara Grand Prix) was a non-championship Formula One motor race held on 15 August 1950 at the Pescara Circuit, in Italy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067527-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship\nThe 1950 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship was the 41st staging of the Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1909.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067527-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship\nCarrigtwohill won the championship following a 6-04 to 1-01 defeat of Shanballymore in the final. This was their third championship title overall and their second title in succession.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067528-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Cork Senior Football Championship\nThe 1950 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 62nd staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067528-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Cork Senior Football Championship\nOn 8 October 1950, Garda won the championship following a 3-07 to 2-05 defeat of St. Nicholas' in the final at the Cork Athletic Grounds. This remains their only championship title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067529-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Cork Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1950 Cork Senior Hurling Championship was the 62nd staging of the Cork Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887. The draw for the opening round fixtures took place at the Cork Convention on 29 January 1950. The championship began on 23 April 1950 and ended on 17 September 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067529-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Cork Senior Hurling Championship\nOn 17 September 1950, Glen Rovers won the championship following a 2-8 to 0-5 defeat of St. Finbarr's in the final. This was their 13th championship title overall and their third title in succession.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067530-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Cornell Big Red football team\nThe 1950 Cornell Big Red football team was an American football team that represented Cornell University as an independent during the 1950 college football season. In its fourth season under head coach George K. James, the team compiled a 7\u20132 record and outscored its opponents 170 to 85. John Pierik and Charles Taylor were the team captains.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067530-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Cornell Big Red football team\nCornell played its home games at Schoellkopf Field in Ithaca, New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067531-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Costa Rican census\nThe Costa Rica 1950 Census was elaborated by then Direcci\u00f3n General de Estad\u00edstica y Censos, predecessor of current National Institute of Statistics and Census. The total population was at the moment 800,875.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067532-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Cotton Bowl Classic\nThe 1950 Cotton Bowl Classic featured the Rice Owls and the North Carolina Tar Heels.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067532-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Cotton Bowl Classic, Background\nThe Owls won the Southwest Conference for the fourth time in 15 years. This was their second appearance in the Cotton Bowl Classic and their first since 1938. The Tar Heels were playing in their first ever Cotton Bowl Classic and their third bowl game in Coach Snavely's fifth season with the team. They were champions of the Southern Conference for the 2nd time in three years. They were looking for their first ever bowl win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 36], "content_span": [37, 464]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067532-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Cotton Bowl Classic, Game summary\nThe Owls would score 27 straight points before the Tar Heels got on the board, and the Heels never recovered, despite scoring two touchdowns late. The Owls scored early in the second quarter on a Billy Burkhalter touchdown catch from Tobin Rote and Bobby Lantrip scored before the half ended to make it 14\u20130. James \"Froggy\" Williams scored in the third quarter on a catch from Rote to make it 21\u20130, and Burkhalter ended Rice's scoring with his touchdown run to make it 27\u20130. Not deterred, Paul Rizzo caught a touchdown pass from Charlie Justice to make it 27\u20137. But the Heels only scored again on a Rizzo run with only 47 seconds left, as the Owls won their second ever Cotton Bowl Classic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 729]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067532-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Cotton Bowl Classic, Aftermath\nSnavely would not appear in another bowl game, and he left in 1953. Ten years later, the Tar Heels returned to a bowl game, which they won. The Owls would play in two more Cotton Bowl Classics after winning two more SWC titles before the decade ended, splitting the two.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 35], "content_span": [36, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067533-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 County Championship\nThe 1950 County Championship was the 51st officially organised running of the County Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067533-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 County Championship, Table\nHampshire and Gloucestershire records include eight points each for win on first innings in match reduced by weather to one day. Hampshire v Kent at Southampton ended as a tie: Hampshire, gaining first innings lead, awarded eight points, Kent four. Worcestershire record includes two points for tie on first innings in match lost. In a damp summer, Glamorgan's record of nine matches where no decision could be made even on first innings is a record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 31], "content_span": [32, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067534-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Coupe de France Final\nThe 1950 Coupe de France Final was a football match held at Stade Olympique Yves-du-Manoir, Colombes on 14 May 1950, that saw Stade de Reims defeat RC Paris 2\u20130 thanks to goals by Francis M\u00e9ano and Andr\u00e9 Petitfils.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067535-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Crit\u00e9rium du Dauphin\u00e9 Lib\u00e9r\u00e9\nThe 1950 Crit\u00e9rium du Dauphin\u00e9 Lib\u00e9r\u00e9 was the 4th edition of the cycle race and was held from 25 June to 2 July 1950. The race started and finished in Grenoble. The race was won by Nello Lauredi of the Helyett team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067536-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Cuban parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Cuba on 1 June 1950. The Partido Aut\u00e9ntico-Democratic Party-Liberal Party alliance won 42 of the 66 seats. It was the last free election held in Cuba on a national level.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067537-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Cup of the Ukrainian SSR\nThe 1950 Ukrainian Cup was a football knockout competition conducting by the Football Federation of the Ukrainian SSR and was known as the Ukrainian Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067538-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei\nThe 1950 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei was the 13th edition of Romania's most prestigious football cup competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067538-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei\nThe title was won by CCA Bucure\u0219ti against Flamura Ro\u015fie Arad.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 81]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067538-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei, Format\nIn the first round proper, two pots are made, the first pot with Divizia A teams and other teams till 16 and the second pot with the rest of teams qualified in this phase. First-pot teams will play away. Each tie is played as a single leg.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 26], "content_span": [27, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067538-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei, Format\nIf a match is drawn after 90 minutes, the game goes in extra time, and if the score is still tied after 120 minutes, the team who plays away will qualify.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 26], "content_span": [27, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067538-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei, Format\nIn case the teams are from same city, a replay will be played.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 26], "content_span": [27, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067538-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei, Format\nIn case the teams play in the final, a replay will be played.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 26], "content_span": [27, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067538-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei, Format\nFrom the first edition, the teams from Divizia A entered in competition in sixteen finals, rule which remained till today.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 26], "content_span": [27, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067539-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei Final\nThe 1950 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei Final was the 13th final of Romania's most prestigious football cup competition. It was disputed between CCA Bucure\u0219ti and Flamura Ro\u015fie Arad, and was won by CCA Bucure\u0219ti after a game with 4 goals. It was the second cup title in the history of CCA Bucure\u0219ti.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067540-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Currie Cup\nThe 1950 Currie Cup was the 23nd edition of the Currie Cup, the premier domestic rugby union competition in South Africa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067540-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Currie Cup\nThe tournament was won by  Transvaal for the third time; they beat  Western Province 22\u201311 in the final in Johannesburg.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067541-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Cypriot enosis referendum\nAn unofficial referendum on enosis (reunification) with Greece was held in Cyprus between 15 and 22 January 1950. Only Greek Cypriots voted, and the proposal was approved by 95.71% of those taking part.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067541-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Cypriot enosis referendum, Background\nOn 12 December 1949, Archbishop Makarios II had called on the British authorities to hold a referendum on the future of the island. After they refused, the Church Council and the Enosis organisation organised a referendum. Signature books were provided in churches between 15 and 22 January 1950. The books had two columns, entitled \"We demand union with Greece\" and \"We are against the union of Cyprus with Greece\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067541-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Cypriot enosis referendum, Aftermath\nAfter the referendum, the Church of Cyprus publicly admonished those who had voted against enosis. In the latter years of British rule in Cyprus, the Church sought to silence dissenting opinion among Greek Cypriots, sometimes by violent means. In February 2017, the Cypriot parliament voted in favour of commemorating the referendum in schools every year. The decision was received negatively by Turkish Cypriot politicians, causing talks between Cypriot President Nicos Anastasiades and the Turkish Cypriot leader Mustafa Ak\u0131nc\u0131 to be halted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 585]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067542-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Czechoslovak First League, Overview\nIt was contested by 14 teams, and NV Bratislava won the championship. Josef Bican was the league's top scorer with 22 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067543-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 DDR-Oberliga (ice hockey) season\nThe 1950 East German Championship season was the second season of ice hockey in East Germany. It was contested in 1950 as part of the first Winter Sports Championship. Six teams participated in the tournament, and SG Frankenhausen won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067543-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 DDR-Oberliga (ice hockey) season, 4th-6th place\n1Game between SG Schierke and BSG KWU Erfurt was not contested.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 52], "content_span": [53, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067544-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 DEI Championship\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Frietjes (talk | contribs) at 16:41, 9 March 2020 (expand templates per Fb team TfD outcome and Fb competition TfD outcome and Fb cl TfD outcome and Fb rbr TfD outcome). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067544-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 DEI Championship\nThe 1950 DEI Championship season was the 32nd season and also the last edition of the Dutch East Indies Championship football competition since its establishment in 1914. Soerabaja are the defending champions, having won their 11th league title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067544-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 DEI Championship\nThis is the second edition the league organised by V.U.V.S.I./I.S.N.I.S., It was contested by 7 teams, and Soerabaja won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067545-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Danish Folketing election\nFolketing elections were held in Denmark on 5 September 1950, except in the Faroe Islands where they were held on 14 October. The Social Democratic Party remained the largest in the Folketing, with 59 of the 151 seats. Voter turnout was 81.9% in Denmark proper but just 22% in the Faroes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067545-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Danish Folketing election, Electoral system changes\nFollowing a new electoral law in 1948, the number of levelling seats was increased from 31 to 44 while the number of district seats was decreased from 117 to 105. In total 1 new seat was added.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067546-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Danish local elections\nThe Danish regional elections of 1950 were held on 14 March 1950. 11499 municipal council members were elected, as well as 299 members of the counties (Danish, amter, singular, amt) of Denmark.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067547-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Dartmouth Indians football team\nThe 1950 Dartmouth Indians football team was an American football team that represented Dartmouth College as an independent during the 1950 college football season. In their eighth season under head coach Tuss McLaughry, the Indians compiled a 3\u20135\u20131 record, and were outscored 157 to 123 by their opponents. Paul Staley was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067547-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Dartmouth Indians football team\nDartmouth played its home games at Memorial Field on the college campus in Hanover, New Hampshire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067548-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Davis Cup\nThe 1950 Davis Cup was the 39th edition of the most important tournament between national teams in men's tennis. 22 teams entered the Europe Zone, and 4 teams entered the America Zone. Play took place on Asian soil for the first time, when the Philippines hosted Pakistan in Manila for their first-round Europe Zone tie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067548-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Davis Cup\nAustralia defeated Mexico in the America Zone final, and Sweden defeated Denmark in the Europe Zone final. Australia defeated Sweden in the Inter-Zonal play-off, and then defeated defending champions the United States in the Challenge Round. The final was played at the West Side Tennis Club in Forest Hills, New York, United States on 25\u201327 August.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067549-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Davis Cup America Zone\nThe America Zone was one of the two regional zones of the 1950 Davis Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067549-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Davis Cup America Zone\n4 teams entered the America Zone, with the winner going on to compete in the Inter-Zonal Final against the winner of the Europe Zone. Australia defeated Mexico in the final, and went on to face Sweden in the Inter-Zonal Final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067550-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Davis Cup Europe Zone\nThe Europe Zone was one of the two regional zones of the 1950 Davis Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067550-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Davis Cup Europe Zone\n22 teams entered the Europe Zone, with the winner going on to compete in the Inter-Zonal Final against the winner of the America Zone. Sweden defeated Denmark in the final, and went on to face Australia in the Inter-Zonal Final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067551-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Dayton Flyers football team\nThe 1950 Dayton Flyers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Dayton as an independent during the 1950 college football season. In their fourth season under head coach Joe Gavin, the Flyers compiled a 4\u20136 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067552-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens football team\nThe 1950 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens football team was an American football team that represented the University of Delaware as an independent during the 1950 college football season. The team compiled a 2\u20135\u20131 record and was outscored by a total of 147 to 55.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067552-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens football team\nThe team was led by William D. Murray in his eighth season as the program's head football coach. He also served as the school's athletic director. In January 1951, Murray was hired as the head football coach at Duke.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067553-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Delaware State Hornets football team\nThe 1950 Delaware State Hornets football team represented Delaware State College\u2014now known as Delaware State University\u2014as a member of the Colored Intercollegiate Athletic Association (CIAA) in the 1950 college football season. Led by coach Robert White in his first year, the Hornets compiled a 2\u20137\u20131 record, including being shut out five times.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067554-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Denver Pioneers football team\nThe 1950 Denver Pioneers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Denver in the Mountain States Conference (MSC) during the 1950 college football season. In its third season under head coach Johnny Baker, the team compiled a 3\u20138\u20131 record (2\u20132\u20131 against MSC opponents), finished third in the conference, lost to Hawaii in the Pineapple Bowl, and outscored opponents by a total of 265 to 260.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067555-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Detroit Lions season\nThe 1950 Detroit Lions season was their 21st in the league. The team improved on their previous season's output of 4\u20138, winning six games. They failed to qualify for the playoffs for the 15th consecutive season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067555-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Detroit Lions season, Regular season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 52], "content_span": [53, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067556-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Detroit Tigers season\nThe 1950 Detroit Tigers were a professional baseball team that represented Detroit in the American League (AL) during the 1950 baseball season. The team compiled a record of 95\u201359 (.617), the second best record in the major leagues, behind the New York Yankees. The Tigers spent most of the season in first place but lost the pennant to the Yankees in the final two weeks of the season. Red Rolfe was the team's manager for the second season and received the Sporting News Manager of the Year Award. The Tigers' home attendance of 1,951,474 was a team record at the time and the second highest in the major leagues during the 1950 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 665]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067556-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Detroit Tigers season\nThe pitching staff was led by Art Houtteman who compiled a 19\u201312 record and a 3.54 earned run average (ERA) and pitched 21 complete games. Dizzy Trout led the team with a .722 winning percentage (second best in the AL) with a 13\u20135 record and 3.75 ERA. Fred Hutchinson compiled  a 17\u20138 record. The team's overall ERA of 4.12 was second best in the AL.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067556-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Detroit Tigers season\nThe batters were led by third baseman George Kell who led the AL with 218 hits and 56 doubles, ranked second with a .340 batting average, and finished fourth in the American League Most Valuable Player (AL MVP) voting. Right fielder Vic Wertz led the team with 27 home runs and 123 RBIs and finished 10th in the AL MVP voting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067556-0002-0001", "contents": "1950 Detroit Tigers season\nCenter fielder Hoot Evers had a .323 batting average and 109 RBIs, led the AL with 11 triples, ranked third in slugging percentage (.551), led AL outfielders in fielding percentage (.997) (one error in over 325 chances), and finished 11th in the AL MVP voting. Second baseman Jerry Priddy led AL second basemen with 542 assists and 150 double plays and finished 17th in the AL MVP voting. Shortstop Johnny Lipon compiled a .378 on-base percentage and led AL shortstops with 483 assists and 126 double plays.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 534]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067556-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 71], "content_span": [72, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067556-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 64], "content_span": [65, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067556-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067556-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 66], "content_span": [67, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067556-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 67], "content_span": [68, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067556-0008-0000", "contents": "1950 Detroit Tigers season, Awards and honors, Players ranking among top 100 of all time at position\nThe following members of the 1950 Detroit Tigers are among the Top 100 of all time at their positions, as ranked by The New Bill James Historical Baseball Abstract in 2001:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 100], "content_span": [101, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067557-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Detroit Titans football team\nThe 1950 Detroit Titans football team represented the University of Detroit in the 1950 college football season. Detroit outscored its opponents by a combined total of 226 to 143 and finished with a 6\u20133\u20131 record in its sixth year under head coach Chuck Baer. It was the 56th season of intercollegiate football for the University of Detroit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067557-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Detroit Titans football team\nThe Titans had won the Missouri Valley Conference (MVC) championship in 1949 and were co-favorites with Tulsa to win the conference championship in 1950. The Titans ultimately finished in second place behind Tulsa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067557-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Detroit Titans football team\nTwo Titans were selected as first-team players on the 1950 All-Missouri Valley Conference football team: guards Alex Smail and Ed Wood.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067557-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Detroit Titans football team\nDutch Clark, later inducted into both the Pro and College Football Halls of Fame, joined the Titans' staff as backfield coach in 1950. Bob Ivory and Eddie Barbour were also assistant coaches for the 1950 team. Bob O'Malley and Mike Kaysserian were hired to coach the freshman team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067557-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Detroit Titans football team\nEnd Tom Costello and Nick Galante were co-captains of the 1950 team. After the season, fullback Mike Goggins and tackle Joe Kutz were named captains of the 1951 team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067557-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Detroit Titans football team\nIn late December 1950, Chuck Baer resigned as the Titans' head football coach, citing \"personal reasons\". The resignation was considered a surprise, but followed rumors of a shakeup after the university president, the Very Rev. Celestin J. Steiner, appointed a committee to investigate and make recommendations about the university's entire athletic program.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067558-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Dissolution Honours\nThe 1950 Dissolution Honours List was issued on 27 February to mark the dissolution of the United Kingdom parliament prior to the 1950 general election. The list contained only two names.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067558-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Dissolution Honours\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067559-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Divizia A\nThe 1950 Divizia A was the thirty-third season of Divizia A, the top-level football league of Romania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067559-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Divizia A, Champion squad\nGoalkeepers: Alexandru Marky (20 / 0); Ioan Catranici (8 / 0). Defenders: Moise Vass (22 / 0); Zoltan Farmati (20 / 0); Adalbert \u021aipei (2 / 0). Midfielders: Ioan Reinhardt (22 / 4); Adalbert Pall (22 / 0); Ladislau B\u0103cu\u021b (22 / 0). Forwards: Silviu Boito\u0219 (20 / 5); Andrei Mercea (22 / 12); Mihai Carpine\u021b (20 / 6); Virgil Huzum (19 / 8); Iosif Kapas (11 / 2); J\u00f3zsef Pecsovszky (16 / 5); Adalbert Kov\u00e1cs (3 / 0); Nicolae Dumitrescu (15 / 0); Ladislau Ristin (1 / 0). (league appearances and goals listed in brackets)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 30], "content_span": [31, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067560-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Divizia B\nThe 1950 Divizia B was the 11th season of the second tier of the Romanian football league system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067560-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Divizia B\nThe format with two series has been maintained, but each of them having 12 teams instead of 14. At the end of the season the winners of the series promoted to Divizia A and the last two places from each one of the series relegated to District Championship. Also this was the first season played in the spring-autumn system, a system imposed by the new leadership of the country which were in close ties with the Soviet Union.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067560-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Divizia B, Team changes, Renamed teams\nMost of the teams have changed their names to have Soviet, communist, military or working class related inspiration. Among the popular names used were: Partizanul (The Partisan), Flamura Ro\u0219ie (The Red Flag) or Metalul (The Metal), but also some inspired directly from the Moscow teams: Dinamo, Locomotiv or Spartac being the Romanian alternatives for Dynamo, Lokomotiv and Spartak.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 43], "content_span": [44, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067560-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Divizia B, Team changes, Renamed teams\nDinamo B Bucure\u0219ti was moved to Ora\u0219ul Stalin and renamed as Dinamo Ora\u0219ul Stalin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 43], "content_span": [44, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067560-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Divizia B, Team changes, Renamed teams\nTextila Sf\u00e2ntu Gheorghe was renamed as Flamura Ro\u0219ie Sf\u00e2ntu Gheorghe.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 43], "content_span": [44, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067560-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Divizia B, Team changes, Other teams\nSocec Bucure\u0219ti and Banca de Stat Bucure\u0219ti merged, Socec being absorbed by Banca de Stat, which also took its place in the second league and was renamed as Spartac Bucure\u0219ti.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 41], "content_span": [42, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067561-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Dominican Republic Census\nThe Third National Census of Population of the Dominican Republic was raised on 6 August 1950, during the presidency of Rafael Le\u00f3nidas Trujillo, after the Decree No.6091 of 20 October 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067561-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Dominican Republic Census\nThis census collected information on sex, occupation, age, fertility, race, religion, marital status, nationality, literacy, ability to vote, and housing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067562-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Douglas C-54D disappearance\nOn 26 January 1950, the Douglas C-54 Skymaster serial number 42-72469 disappeared en route from Alaska to Montana, with 44 people aboard. The aircraft made its last radio contact two hours into its eight-hour flight. Despite one of the largest rescue efforts carried out by a joint effort between Canadian and US military forces, no trace of the aircraft has ever been found. It is considered one of the largest groups of American military personnel to ever go missing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 502]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067562-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Douglas C-54D disappearance, Flight\nThe aircraft was part of the First Strategic Support Squadron, Strategic Air Command, out of Biggs AFB, Texas. In addition to its eight-man crew, it was carrying 36 passengers, including two civilians: a woman and her infant son. An earlier attempt to depart had been made, but due to trouble with one of its four engines, it was delayed several hours. The flight was from Anchorage, Alaska to Great Falls, Montana. Two hours after its eventual departure, the pilot reported the flight was on-course and had just passed over Snag, Yukon, but there were no further messages.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 40], "content_span": [41, 614]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067562-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Douglas C-54D disappearance, Search\nAn hour after the plane failed to arrive in Montana, \"Operation Mike\", named for aircraft commander First Lt. Kyle L. McMichael, was launched, a search and rescue program combining as many as 85 American and Canadian planes, in addition to 7,000 personnel, searching 350,000 square miles of the Pacific Northwest. The search was aided by the fact soldiers and equipment had already been ferried north for the upcoming Exercise Sweetbriar, a joint Canada\u2013U.S. war games scenario. Continuance of the operation confounded searchers, giving many false positive reports of smoke signals, garbled communications and sightings of \"survivors\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 40], "content_span": [41, 676]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067562-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Douglas C-54D disappearance, Search\nOn 30 January, a C-47, Air Force serial number 45-1015 from the 57th Fighter Wing, that had been participating in the search, stalled and crashed in the McClintoc mountains near Whitehorse. Its crew members were injured, but there were no fatalities. The pilot walked 13\u00a0km to the Alaska Highway and flagged down a truck to call in support for his 5\u20138 crewmates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 40], "content_span": [41, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067562-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Douglas C-54D disappearance, Search\nOn 2 February it was reported that two planes and two radio stations in the Yukon area had heard unintelligible radio signals but attempts to \"fix\" the position were fruitless. Likewise, an isolated settler had reported seeing a large plane over his cabin at Beaver Lake in the interior of British Columbia located 500 miles south of the Yukon boundary-250 miles northeast of Vancouver and 200 miles west of the Alaska Highway air route.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 40], "content_span": [41, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067562-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Douglas C-54D disappearance, Search\nOn 7 February, a C-47D, 45-1037, from Eielson Air Force Base employed on the search by the 5010th Wing, crashed on a mountain slope south of Aishihik Lake. There were ten crew members on board, but there were no fatalities. On 16 February, a Royal Canadian Air Force C-47, KJ-936, crashed near Snag. Again, its four crew members sustained only light injuries. Later its wreckage would be temporarily mistaken for the missing C-54.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 40], "content_span": [41, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067562-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 Douglas C-54D disappearance, Search\nThe operation was indefinitely suspended on 14 February, as the search planes were needed to investigate the crash of a B-36 that had been carrying a Mark 4 nuclear bomb, though this bomb did not have a radioactive core.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 40], "content_span": [41, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067562-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 Douglas C-54D disappearance, Aftermath\nOn 20 February 1950, the search was officially cancelled and notifications were sent to next of kin informing them that the passengers were presumed dead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067562-0008-0000", "contents": "1950 Douglas C-54D disappearance, Aftermath\nIn 2012, the descendants of the missing servicemen started a petition to the Federal government, through the We the People petition system, seeking to resurrect the search for their families' remains.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067562-0009-0000", "contents": "1950 Douglas C-54D disappearance, Aftermath\nIn 2020, Andrew Gregg was named as the director of an upcoming documentary about the search for the aircraft, Skymaster Down.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067563-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Drake Bulldogs football team\nThe 1950 Drake Bulldogs football team was an American football team that represented Drake University as a member of the Missouri Valley Conference during the 1950 college football season. In its second season under head coach Warren Gaer, the team compiled a 6\u20132\u20131 record (1\u20132\u20131 against MVC opponents), tied for fourth place in the conference, and outscored opponents by a total of 247 to 117. The team played its home games at Drake Stadium in Des Moines, Iowa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067563-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Drake Bulldogs football team\nDrake halfback Johnny Bright led the nation in total offense in both 1949 and 1950. See List of NCAA major college football yearly total offense leaders. He was the second Africa-American athlete to lead the country in this category after Kenny Washington did so in 1939. Bright later played 11 seasons in the Canadian Football League and was inducted into both the College Football Hall of Fame and the Canadian Football Hall of Fame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067564-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Drexel Dragons football team\nThe 1950 Drexel Dragons football team represented the Drexel Institute of Technology (renamed Drexel University in 1970) as an independent during the 1950 college football season. Eddie Allen was the team's head coach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067565-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Duke Blue Devils football team\nThe 1950 Duke Blue Devils football team represented the Duke Blue Devils of Duke University during the 1950 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067566-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Dunedin mayoral election\nThe 1950 Dunedin mayoral election was part of the New Zealand local elections held that same year. In 1950, elections were held for the Mayor of Dunedin plus other local government positions including twelve city councillors. The polling was conducted using the standard first-past-the-post electoral method.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067566-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Dunedin mayoral election\nDonald Cameron, the incumbent Mayor, declined to run for a third term. He was succeeded by councillor Len Wright who narrowly defeated the Labour Party candidate Hubert Brown. There was also a swing against the Citizens' association on the city council with both the Labour Party and Citizens' tickets winning six seats each.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067567-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Duquesne Dukes football team\nThe 1950 Duquesne Dukes football team was an American football team that represented Duquesne University as an independent during the 1950 college football season. In its first and only season under head coach Doc Skender, Duquesne compiled a 2\u20136\u20131 record and was outscored by a total of 265 to 169.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067567-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Duquesne Dukes football team\nIn January 1951, Duquesne president, the Rev. Vernon F. Gallagher, announced that the school had decided to suspend its participation in intercollegiate football. As reasons for the suspension, the school cited the manpower shortage resulting from the Korean War and noted that the school had suffered \"heavy financial losses\" from football over the last four years. The school did not resume competition in the sport until 1969.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067568-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Dutch Grand Prix\nThe 1950 Dutch Grand Prix was a motor race held on 23 July 1950 at Circuit Park Zandvoort, Netherlands. It was the first Dutch Grand Prix set to Formula One rules. The race was won by French driver Louis Rosier in a Talbot-Lago.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067569-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Dutch TT\nThe 1950 Dutch TT was the third race of the 1950 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on the weekend of 8 July 1950 at the TT Circuit Assen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067570-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 East Carolina Pirates football team\nThe 1950 East Carolina Pirates football team was an American football team that represented represented East Carolina Teachers College (now known as East Carolina University) as a member of the North State Conference during the 1950 college football season. In their second season under head coach Bill Dole, the team compiled a 7\u20133 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067571-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 East German general election\nGeneral elections were held in East Germany on 15 October 1950. They were the first held since the founding of the country on 7 October 1949. There were 466 deputies in the Volkskammer, including 66 from East Berlin who were not directly elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067571-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 East German general election\nThis election set the tone for all elections held in East Germany until the Peaceful Revolution. Voters were presented with a single list from the National Front of Democratic Germany, which in turn was controlled by the Socialist Unity Party. Only one candidate appeared on the ballot; voters simply took the ballot paper and dropped it into the ballot box. Those who wanted to vote against the candidate had to go to a special booth, without any secrecy. Seats were apportioned based on a set quota, not actual vote totals. By ensuring that its candidates dominated the list, the SED effectively predetermined the composition of the Volkskammer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 681]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067571-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 East German general election\nAccording to official figures, the National Front list received the approval of 99.6% of voters, with turnout reported to be 98.5%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067572-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 East German state elections\nState elections were held in East Germany on 15 October 1950. They were the last state elections in the country, as the states were dissolved in 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067572-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 East German state elections\nVoters were presented with a single list from the Socialist Unity Party of Germany-dominated National Front, which they could only approve or reject. The seat allocation in each of the state parliaments was agreed in advance between the constituent parties and mass organizations of the Front. Voting was not secret, and citizens that voted against the list or abstained were persecuted. Genuine or presumed opponents of the SED that participated in other member parties of the National Front were arrested or forced to flee to West Germany.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 574]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067573-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 East Pakistan riots\nThe 1950 East Pakistan riots (Bengali: \u09aa\u099e\u09cd\u099a\u09be\u09b6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac \u09aa\u09be\u0995\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09a8 \u09a6\u09be\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09be) took place between Hindus and Muslims in East Pakistan, which resulted in hundreds of thousands of Hindus being killed in pogroms.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067573-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 East Pakistan riots, Background\nIn August 1947, British India was partitioned into the Dominions of India and Pakistan on the basis of religion. Pakistan was to become the homeland for the Muslims of former British India with a majority Muslim population. The province of Bengal with a marginal Muslim majority was also partitioned with the Muslim majority East Bengal going to Pakistan and Hindu majority West Bengal going to India. The Sylhet district of Assam was added to East Bengal after the Sylhet Referendum, where the majority voted for Pakistan. According to the 1941 census, East Bengal had 28% non-Muslim population, the majority of them being Bengali Hindus. West Bengal has a 30.2% Muslim population, the rest were Hindus.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 36], "content_span": [37, 741]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067573-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 East Pakistan riots, Background\nThe area comprising East Bengal, especially the Dhaka and Chittagong Divisions, had been witness to numerous instances of ethnic violence in the decades preceding the Partition. In the 1940s, the frequency and intensity of the riots increased as the movement for Pakistan gained momentum. In the last quarter of 1946, the Bengali Hindus of Noakhali and Tippera districts were subjected to a series of massacres, loot, arson, rape, abduction. They forced conversion to Islam, which came to be known as the Noakhali riots.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 36], "content_span": [37, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067573-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 East Pakistan riots, Background\nWithin a month after the Partition, the Janmashtami procession was attacked in Dhaka. In 1948, the Dhamrai rathyatra and the Janmashtami procession was not allowed to be held. In 1949, there were posters all over Dhaka against the Durga Puja. The number of community pujas got drastically reduced. On the day of Vijayadashami hundreds of Hindu households were set on fire rendering around 750 Hindu families homeless. Santosh Chatterjee, a Press Trust of India (PTI) correspondent, was imprisoned on 25 November 1949 without any charges and released after a month.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 36], "content_span": [37, 601]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067573-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 East Pakistan riots, Atrocities (Aug 1949 - Jan 1950)\nIn August 1949, atrocities on non-Muslims began all over East Pakistan and continued for three months. In August, Muslim mobs along with the police and the Ansars attacked some Hindu villages in Beanibazar and Barlekha police station areas of Sylhet District. Houses were looted, destroyed and set on fire. Hindu villagers were assaulted and murdered. Hindu women were raped by the policemen. Soon after the Hindus were attacked in the village of Bhandaria in Barisal District. In Rajshahi District, Father Thomas Cattaneo reported that the Santhal villages were attacked, Santhal villagers were arrested and Santhal women were raped. On 10 December, a Muslim mob attacked the Puthia Rajbari Palace in Rajshahi Division and forcibly took possession of the house and its treasures.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 58], "content_span": [59, 839]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067573-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 East Pakistan riots, Atrocities (Aug 1949 - Jan 1950), Kalshira massacre\nOn 20 December 1949, four police constables raided the house of one Joydev Brahma in the village of Kalshira under Mollahat police station in Bagerhat sub-division in the district of Khulna, in search of some suspected communists, late in the night. Failed to find any suspects the constables tried to rape the wife of Brahma. Her cry alerted him and his companions, who in a desperate bid to save her attacked two constables, one of whom died on the spot. The remaining two raised an alarm and the neighbouring people came to their rescue.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 77], "content_span": [78, 618]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067573-0005-0001", "contents": "1950 East Pakistan riots, Atrocities (Aug 1949 - Jan 1950), Kalshira massacre\nOn the next day, the District Superintendent of Police arrived in Kalshira accompanied by armed police contingent and the Ansars and attacked Kalshira and other neighbouring Hindu villages mercilessly. They encouraged Muslims from neighbouring villages to loot the Hindu properties. A number of Hindus were killed, men and women were forcibly converted. Images were broken and shrines were desecrated. All the 350 homesteads in the village, except three, were demolished. The cattle and boats were forcibly taken away. Within a month of the massacre 30,000 Hindus fled from Khulna to India.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 77], "content_span": [78, 668]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067573-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 East Pakistan riots, Atrocities (Aug 1949 - Jan 1950), Nachole massacre\nNachole was a police station in the Nawabganj sub-division of the Rajshahi district. During the Partition of India, the entire Nawabganj sub-division was transferred from Malda district, which went to India, to Rajshahi district that fell in Pakistan. The area under Nachole police station was the non-Muslim majority. It was inhabited by Santals and Bengali Hindu castes like the Kshatriyas, Bhuindas and Kaibartas. After the Partition, the Tebhaga Movement was brutally suppressed in the newly formed state of Pakistan. However, in Nachole, the movement was still alive through the covert activities of the leading operating from underground. From the autumn of 1949, the leaders began to succeed in implementing the Tebhaga principles through persuasion, coercion and in some cases, force.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 76], "content_span": [77, 869]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067573-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 East Pakistan riots, Atrocities (Aug 1949 - Jan 1950), Nachole massacre\nOn 5 January 1950, five policemen from the Nachole police station were killed by the Santals in Chandipur village after they opened fire to disperse the villagers who had gathered to protest the arrest of one of the villagers. The Government of Pakistan responded to this incident by sending a 2,000 strong army contingent and the police and the East Pakistan Ansars on 7 January. They set fire to twelve villages, ransacked the huts and killed many villagers on their way to Chandipur. In Chandipur, they tortured the men, raped the women and set fire to the dwellings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 76], "content_span": [77, 647]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067573-0007-0001", "contents": "1950 East Pakistan riots, Atrocities (Aug 1949 - Jan 1950), Nachole massacre\nHundreds of Santals and Hindus were killed. At Rohanpur, Ila Mitra, one of the movement leaders, was arrested with hundreds of peasants. After being taken to the Nachole police station, they were tortured by the police to extract the name of the leaders. Around 70 to 100 peasants died of police excesses. Ila Mitra was tortured and raped for four days before being transferred to Nawabganj police station.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 76], "content_span": [77, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067573-0008-0000", "contents": "1950 East Pakistan riots, Prelude\nIn the Feni sub-division of Noakhali, the Hindus were attacked on 2 February, even before the attacks had actually broken out in Dhaka. One Hindu was killed and seven injured. Nine Hindu shops were looted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067573-0009-0000", "contents": "1950 East Pakistan riots, Killings, Dhaka District\nIn February 1950, Sukumar Sen, the Chief Secretary of West Bengal, had travelled to Dhaka to hold the Chief Secretary level dialogue with his East Bengal counterpart Aziz Ahmed. On 10 February, at around 10 A.M., when the talks were in progress, a Muslim woman in blood-stained clothes was paraded in the Secretariat building. It was alleged that she had been raped in Kolkata. The Secretariat employees immediately struck work and started a procession shouting anti-Hindu slogans. As they progressed towards Nawabpur, many others joined the procession, which ended at Victoria Park.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 50], "content_span": [51, 634]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067573-0009-0001", "contents": "1950 East Pakistan riots, Killings, Dhaka District\nAt 12 noon, a rally was held at the park where the speakers, some of the employees of the Secretariat, made fierce anti-Hindu speeches. At around 1 P.M., as soon as the rally broke, the crowd began to loot Hindu shops and houses and set them on fire. The Hindus were killed wherever they were found. By the evening, 90% of Hindu shops in Dhaka were looted, and many burnt. The Hindu jewellery shops were looted in the presence of police officers. An estimated 50,000 Hindus were displaced in seven hours of murder, loot, and arson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 50], "content_span": [51, 582]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067573-0009-0002", "contents": "1950 East Pakistan riots, Killings, Dhaka District\nAccording to the PTI reports, the worst affected areas were Banagram and Makims Lane. Most of the houses in the two predominantly Hindu localities were completely looted, many completely burnt down and places of worship desecrated. Tajuddin Ahmed, who travelled in the different parts of Dhaka between 1 pm to 6 pm acknowledged the destruction and loss inflicted upon the Hindus by the Muslims in the localities of Nawabpur, Sadarghat, Patuatuli, Islampur, Digbazar, English Road, Bangshal and Chowk Bazaar. On the afternoon of 12 February, 60 India-bound Hindu passengers were attacked at the Kurmitola airport.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 50], "content_span": [51, 663]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067573-0009-0003", "contents": "1950 East Pakistan riots, Killings, Dhaka District\nAll the non-Muslim passengers arriving at the Tejgaon airport were stabbed. Three days after the massacre started in Dhaka, the villages of Vikrampur and Lohajang were attacked. On 15 February, the Simulia market was set on fire, and the Hindu shops were looted. Between 15 February and 1 March, there were 15 instances of stabbing on Hindus reported from Dighali and Lohajang. On 28 February, the Dighali market was burnt down; the Hindu shops were gutted. In Parulla village under Kaliganj police station, all the Hindu houses were looted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 50], "content_span": [51, 592]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067573-0009-0004", "contents": "1950 East Pakistan riots, Killings, Dhaka District\nAll the Hindu houses in the villages of Khsawala, Gazaria, Karar Char, Char Sindur, Palas and Sadhar Char were looted. According to Indian government sources, the bodies of 200 Hindu victims were cremated in the first two days of violence. They also claimed that 50,000 out of Dhaka's 80,000 Hindus had to flee their homes during the attacks. On 24 February 1950, the U.S. ambassador to India wrote to the U.S. Secretary of State that between 600 and 1,000 Hindus were killed and thousands injured in Dhaka area.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 50], "content_span": [51, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067573-0010-0000", "contents": "1950 East Pakistan riots, Killings, Barisal District\nIn Barisal, riots started on 13 February. Hindus were killed, raped and abducted indiscriminately. According to the press note of the Government of East Bengal, two unidentified youths began to spread provocative rumours on the afternoon of 13 February in the town of Barisal. As a result, many of the shops in the market closed down. Another rumour was spread that Fazlul Haque had been murdered in Kolkata. At nightfall, eight places were set on fire. 30 houses and shops were reduced to ashes, and ten persons were severely burnt. The situation further deteriorated after 16 February when indiscriminate loot and arson of Hindu properties started in Gournadi, Jhalakati and Nalchiti under Sadar sub-division of Barisal district. The Hindu passengers on the water route between Barisal and Dhaka were killed within the steamer and thrown in the river.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 906]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067573-0011-0000", "contents": "1950 East Pakistan riots, Killings, Barisal District\nIn the river port of Muladi in Barisal district, several hundred Hindus took shelter in the police station after their homes were torched. They were later attacked within the police station compound, and most of them were killed within the precincts of the police station. A Hindu school teacher was roasted alive by his Muslim students, who danced around the fire. In the village of Madhabpasha, under Babugunge police station presently Babuganj Upazila, two to three hundred Hindus were rounded up by a Muslim mob. They were made to squat in a row, and their heads were chopped off one by one with a ramda. In the Madhabpasha zamindar house, 200 Hindus were killed and 40 injured.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 735]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067573-0012-0000", "contents": "1950 East Pakistan riots, Killings, Barisal District\nIlsaghat is a steamer station on the Meghna, on the island of Bhola, 7 miles from Bhola town. It falls on the steamer route between Barisal and Chittagong. On 16 February 1950, the S.S.Sitakunda of the Royal Steam Navigation Company anchored at Ilsaghat on her way to Chittagong. At Ilsaghat, several Hindu passengers from S.S. We've Gone boarded S.S.Sitakunda due to atrocities perpetrated on them by the crew. Around 8 P.M. that night, hundreds of Muslims attacked S.S.Sitakunda while still anchored at the steamer station. They massacred the unarmed Hindu passengers and threw them into the river. 30 Hindus were killed in the massacre, while three survived.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 714]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067573-0013-0000", "contents": "1950 East Pakistan riots, Killings, Barisal District\nAccording to contemporary Muslim eyewitnesses a few thousand Hindus were killed and about two thousand Hindus went missing from Barisal district alone. Researcher Subhasri Ghosh has put the number of Bengali Hindus killed in Barisal District at around 2,500. Documentary filmmaker Supriyo Sen estimated that as many as 650,000 Hindus attempted to flee from Barisal to India and on their way were looted, killed and abducted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067573-0014-0000", "contents": "1950 East Pakistan riots, Killings, Chittagong District\nOn 12 February anti-Hindu riots started in Chittagong. The riots were instigated and organized by Fazlul Quader Chowdhury. At night the city went up in flames. Hindus were killed in Chittagong proper and adjoining areas such as Noapara, Chowdhury Hat, Patiya, Boalkhali and Sitakunda. In one incident, almost all the Hindu passengers of a train were killed in Pahartali. The Hindu pilgrims who had assembled in Sitakunda on the occasion of Maha Shivaratri were attacked by Muslim mobs. Nellie Sengupta, member of East Bengal assembly from Chittagong wrote to the Liaquat Ali Khan, the Prime Minister of Pakistan about the anti-Hindu riots in Chittagong.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 55], "content_span": [56, 709]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067573-0015-0000", "contents": "1950 East Pakistan riots, Killings, Chittagong District\nIn Chittagong District, four persons from the Buddhist community, including a police inspector, were stabbed, and monasteries were demolished. The residences of some Buddhist families in Fatickchari police station area and that of a Buddhist zamindar in Lamburhat under Rowjan police station was burnt to ashes. As a consequence large numbers of Buddhist people migrated to the Lushai Hills in India.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 55], "content_span": [56, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067573-0016-0000", "contents": "1950 East Pakistan riots, Killings, Chittagong District\nAfter the pogroms, Prafulla Chandra Ghosh, the erstwhile Chief Minister of West Bengal went to visit Chittagong. Sanjib Prasad Sen, a former anti-British revolutionary took him on a tour of the affected areas. With the help from former revolutionaries Binod Bihari Chowdhury and Birendra Lal Chowdhury, Sen prepared a list of persons killed in the riots.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 55], "content_span": [56, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067573-0017-0000", "contents": "1950 East Pakistan riots, Killings, Noakhali District\nOn 10 February, the Hindus were attacked in Noakhali town. On the afternoon of 13 February, the Hindus were attacked in broad daylight in Feni, within 200 yards of the S.D.O., the police station and the courts. The Hindu quarters of the town like Masterpara, Ukilpara, Daktarpara, Sahadebpur, Barahaipur and Sultanpur were attacked, looted and then set on fire. Gurudas Kar, an influential member of the Hindu community, was killed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 53], "content_span": [54, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067573-0017-0001", "contents": "1950 East Pakistan riots, Killings, Noakhali District\nAfter the destruction of the Hindu areas of the Feni town, the violence spread to the nearby villages under the Feni and Chhagalnaiyan police stations, mainly inhabited by the Nath community. The villages of Banspara, Rampur, Madhupur, Srichandrapur, Basikpur, Chakbasta, Shibpur, Baligaon were burnt to ashes. In the attacks, 45 Hindus were killed, 205 Hindu houses were burnt to ashes, and huge amounts of assets were looted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 53], "content_span": [54, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067573-0018-0000", "contents": "1950 East Pakistan riots, Killings, Noakhali District\nThe Hindu women were abducted and forcefully married to Muslims. Harendra Kar's teenage daughter Mila Kar was forcefully married to Sultan Mian, a civil supply contractor, after her father, grandfather and son were slaughtered. A married Hindu woman named Ranubala was forcefully married to Rahmat Ali, the son of Honorary Magistrate Barik Mian.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 53], "content_span": [54, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067573-0019-0000", "contents": "1950 East Pakistan riots, Killings, Noakhali District\nThe attacks continued till 23 February, and by then, 4,500 Hindus had taken shelter at the refugee camp at Feni College. Another 2,500 were scattered in various refugee camps across the Noakhali district. The Hindus who were trying to flee to the Indian state of Tripura were looted and assaulted on the way. Hindu women and children were held at the Chandpur and Akhaura railway stations. The Ansars, the police and the Muslim mobs, refused to allow them to flee to Agartala or Kolkata. According to an Amrita Bazar Patrika report, 5,000 Hindus fled to Belonia, in the Indian state of Tripura.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 53], "content_span": [54, 648]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067573-0020-0000", "contents": "1950 East Pakistan riots, Killings, Sylhet District\nIn Sylhet, the arson, loot and massacre were perpetrated in an extensive manner. 203 villages were devastated and more than 800 Hindu religious places were desecrated. In the villages of Dhamai, Baradhami, Pubghat and Baraitali about 500 Manipuri families were affected by the riots.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 51], "content_span": [52, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067573-0021-0000", "contents": "1950 East Pakistan riots, Killings, Sylhet District\nEven since the Sylhet Referendum, it was propagated that the Hindus had voted against Pakistan and, therefore, they were the enemies of Pakistan. On 6 February 1950, the verdict of Bagge Tribunal was declared. The Muslims of Sylhet had anticipated that Karimganj would fall within Pakistan, but it was awarded to India. Some Muslim lawyers of Sylhet Bar Association and Muslim mukhtars of Karimganj threatened that there would be terrible violence. On 10 February, a huge poster was hung at Bandar Bazar, the city centre of Sylhet.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 51], "content_span": [52, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067573-0021-0001", "contents": "1950 East Pakistan riots, Killings, Sylhet District\nThe poster titled Atrocities on Mussulmans by Hindus in Hindusthan depicted the Muslims being dragged using ropes tied around their necks by Hindus armed with sticks and other weapons. Rivers of blood were flowing in Lumding and Kolkata because of the Muslim killings. Local Muslims were poring over the poster and inciting fellow Muslims to take revenge on the Hindus. On 11 February, at a rally at Gobinda Park, there was a cry for Hindu blood. It was rumoured that Fazlul Haque had been murdered in Kolkata. The situation deteriorated rapidly in Sylhet.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 51], "content_span": [52, 608]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067573-0021-0002", "contents": "1950 East Pakistan riots, Killings, Sylhet District\nOn 13 February, Section 144 was imposed in Sylhet, by the decision taken by the Chief Secretaries of East Bengal and West Bengal at Dhaka. A Hindu youth named Prithwish Das was stabbed at Zinda Bazar. On 14 February, a rumour spread that the Muslims were being massacred at Karimganj. The Deputy Commissioner of Sylhet, addressing a meeting of lawyers, made an irresponsible statement that 5,000 Muslims were killed in Karimganj and that Muslims arrived in large numbers from Karimganj into Sylhet. In the evening, Moti Das, a Bengali Hindu youth, was killed near Jallapar. Three Manipuris were stabbed, two of whom died later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 51], "content_span": [52, 679]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067573-0022-0000", "contents": "1950 East Pakistan riots, Killings, Sylhet District\nOn the afternoon of 14 February, the Namabazar market was looted by a Muslim mob. From the morning of 15 February, loot and murder began to spread in the villages. At 9 A.M., the village of Murti was attacked. Hundreds of outsider Muslims attacked the Dutta Senapati family, raising anti-Hindu slogans. They looted cash, jewelry, utensils and furniture. The images in the family shrine and the temple were destroyed or thrown in the water bodies. After that, the mob went to the villages of Azmatpur, Daspara, Nasianji and Maheshpur.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 51], "content_span": [52, 585]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067573-0022-0001", "contents": "1950 East Pakistan riots, Killings, Sylhet District\nAt 8 P.M., the house of Gurucharan Dhar, in the village of Noagram, only six miles from Sylhet was attacked. The next day at 7 A.M., a heavily armed Muslim mob surrounded the village. About 1,500 Hindus who inhabited the village fled to the nearby jungle. The mob looted the entire village, desecrated the Tulsi manchas and the family shrines. Some of the houses were set on fire. In the nearby village of Mamrathpur, the houses of many Hindus, including those of Mahendra Chandra De, Kamakanta Dhar and Ashwini Kumar De were looted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 51], "content_span": [52, 585]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067573-0022-0002", "contents": "1950 East Pakistan riots, Killings, Sylhet District\nThe mob abducted one of the daughters of Ashwini Kumar De. The next day she ravished, and the senseless body was returned home. In Dhakadakshin, the mobs abducted two unmarried daughters of Bharat Dutta on the night of 15 February. On the morning of 18 February, they returned home in a state of shock. When the family went to complain with the police, the police suggested an out of court settlement for a sum of 1,000 rupees. Numerous Hindu girls from the villages under Sylhet Sadar police station were raped.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 51], "content_span": [52, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067573-0023-0000", "contents": "1950 East Pakistan riots, Killings, Sylhet District\nOn 15 February, the house of Dinendra Chandra Deb Purakayastha in the village of Gangajal was looted and forcefully occupied by Muslim miscreants. At 9 A.M., the village of Silani under Bahubal police station of the erstwhile Karimganj sub-division was attacked. The mob raised provocative slogans and set fire to Hindu houses. Many Hindus fled to the nearby jungles to save their lives while the others were forcibly converted to Islam. Those who refused to convert were killed. In Dhakadakshin and Kachuadi, girls were abducted from eminent Brahmin families.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 51], "content_span": [52, 612]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067573-0023-0001", "contents": "1950 East Pakistan riots, Killings, Sylhet District\nIn Chunarughat police station area of Habiganj sub-division, many Hindu families, including those of Ketan Das, Ashwini Nath and Birendra Nath, were forcibly converted to Islam. In Fenchuganj, the factory of the steamer company was looted and set on fire. Pulin De, a Hindu, was murdered near Ilaspur. In Majigaon, under Fenchuganj police station, the houses of Ambika Kabiraj and Makhan Sen were looted and set on fire. In Balaganj police station area, in Rukanpur village, the houses of Digendra Sen, Gopesh Sen and Shib Charan Das were looted, and the members were beaten up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 51], "content_span": [52, 630]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067573-0023-0002", "contents": "1950 East Pakistan riots, Killings, Sylhet District\nIn Madhurai and Kathalkhoi, the Hindus were beaten up and forcibly converted to Islam. In Golapganj police station area, the houses of Baikuntha Roy and Rashbehari Roy, in the village of Phulsain, were looted. In Bishwanath police station area, all the Hindu houses were looted in the village of Dandapanipur. A cow was slaughtered, and the Hindus were forcibly converted to Islam. In Tukerkandi village, the Ghosh house was looted, Jogendra Ghosh was killed, and many Hindus were stabbed. In Sijerkachh, the Pal Chowdhury and the Brahmin houses were looted, and everybody was forced to convert to Islam. Bimala Smrititirtha, a Hindu scholar, refused to convert. His sacred thread was torn and stamped upon, and he was stabbed repeatedly. The shikha of the Brahmins were torn by force. Idols were broken and thrown into nearby ponds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 51], "content_span": [52, 885]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067573-0024-0000", "contents": "1950 East Pakistan riots, Killings, Sylhet District\nOn 16 February, a 300 strong Muslim mob attacked the village of Akhra. They destroyed the images and went after the priest who fled. The mob then looted the entire village, including the houses of Haripada Chowdhury and Bimala Bhattacharya. On 17 February, the goondas went from house to house and attacked the Brahmins. Their sacred threads were torn and stamped upon, and they were forcibly converted to Islam. In the villages of Sunaita and Kurma, the Hindu women were attacked. Their sindur and conch shell bangles were broken.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 51], "content_span": [52, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067573-0024-0001", "contents": "1950 East Pakistan riots, Killings, Sylhet District\nIn the village of Rajaganj Akhra, the houses of Nir Bhatta and Ram Chandra Bhatta were looted. On 17 February, a 500 to 600 strong-armed mob attacked the village of Lakeshwar under Chhatak police station. The Brahmin houses were looted. Two of them were severely beaten up. The sacred threads of the Brahmins were torn, and their shikhas were cut off. They were forcibly converted to Islam. In Markul, the entire village was looted and forcibly converted to Islam. On 19 February, the village of Sadarpur, under Zakiganj police station was attacked. The house of Shuklal Namashudra was looted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 51], "content_span": [52, 645]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067573-0024-0002", "contents": "1950 East Pakistan riots, Killings, Sylhet District\nWhen his brother went to lodge a complaint with the police, the police stabbed him, then wounded him with bayonet and finally kicked him out of the police station. During the night, the villagers swam across the river to safety. At Pargram, the houses of Akrur Namashudra and Ramesh Namashudra were looted and forcibly occupied by the Muslims.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 51], "content_span": [52, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067573-0025-0000", "contents": "1950 East Pakistan riots, Killings, Rajshahi District\nOn 28 February, the Kolkata-bound Assam Mail was attacked. On 28 February, disturbances erupted again in Rajshahi district. There were widespread incidents of murder, loot and arson in the villages under Tanore, Nachole and Gomastapur police stations. Forcible occupation of Hindu houses and rape and molestation of Hindu women led to the exodus of Hindus to Maldah district in the Indian Union. In some cases, the Bihari Muslims forcibly ejected the Bengali Hindus from their houses and occupied them. During their journey to India, the Hindus were subjected to all kinds of harassment. The Ansars seized almost every belonging that the refugees had in their possession. They made the Hindu women suffer great indignities in the pretext of search.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 53], "content_span": [54, 802]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067573-0026-0000", "contents": "1950 East Pakistan riots, Killings, Rajshahi District\nOn 17 March, the Pakistan police and the Ansars opened fire on the Santal refugees who were crossing over to India near Balurghat. 17 were killed, and 14 were injured in the firing. The Pakistan armed forces and the Ansars drove away 20 Hindu families from Hariharpur village, very near to the border and adjacent to Balurghat in Indian Union. They broke open the roofs of the houses and took away the corrugated iron sheets, along with large quantities of rice, paddy, mustard, jute and utensils.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 53], "content_span": [54, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067573-0026-0001", "contents": "1950 East Pakistan riots, Killings, Rajshahi District\nIn Jahanpur village, they forcibly take possession of the ornaments of the Hindu refugee women. At the meeting between the District Magistrates and the Superintendents of Police of West Dinajpur district and Rajshahi district held at Farshipara, within Pakistan, the Pakistani authorities demonstrated their determination to pursue strong action against the Bengali Hindus, Santals and other tribals. Large numbers of Baloch soldiers were posted along the border near Balurghat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 53], "content_span": [54, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067573-0027-0000", "contents": "1950 East Pakistan riots, Killings, Mymensingh District\nIn the Jamalpur and Kishoreganj sub-divisions of Mymensingh district, rioting started on 11 February and continued till 15th. The neighbouring Hindu villages around Sherpur, namely Lakshmanpur, Mucherer Char, Char Sherpur Jhankata, Bhatsana and Sapmari, were attacked. Hindu houses were looted and burnt. The Hindu houses in the villages of Atkapara, Firozpur and Budda villages were burnt. In Jumpur village, three members of the family of Tarak Saha were killed and their residence burnt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 55], "content_span": [56, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067573-0028-0000", "contents": "1950 East Pakistan riots, Killings, Mymensingh District\nOn 12 February, the Hindu passengers in the Akhaura - Bhairab Bazar rail route between Comilla and Mymensingh were massacred. Taya Zinkin the reporter of the London Economist and the Manchester Guardian reported that the Mymensingh bound trains from Ashuganj were stopped on the Bhairab Bridge on the Meghna. The Muslim mobs attacked the Hindu passengers from both sides of the bridge. Those who dived into the river and tried to swim ashore were hit by brickbats and forcefully drowned. According to eyewitness Pierre Dillani about 2,000 Hindus were massacred on the Bhairab Bridge. On the same day, the Hindu passengers on board were attacked near Sararchar, a railway station between Bhairab Bazar and Kishoreganj.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 55], "content_span": [56, 773]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067573-0029-0000", "contents": "1950 East Pakistan riots, Killings, Jessore District\nOn 10 March, Muslim refugees who had arrived from West Bengal, led by the Ansars began to terrorize the Hindus. In Jhenaidah sub-division, the Hindus were forcefully evicted from their houses and their houses occupied. The entire Hindu population of Teghari village emigrated to Kolkata. On their way, all their belongings were forcefully taken away by the Ansars and the Muslim refugees from West Bengal. On 19 March, a batch of about 400 Hindu refugees from Jinjira village under Maheshpur police station, reached Hazarkhal village under Hanskhali police station of Nadia district in West Bengal. While the group was crossing the Ichhamati, three armed Pakistani policemen fired at them, in which one person died.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 768]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067573-0030-0000", "contents": "1950 East Pakistan riots, Imprisonment of Hindu leaders\nWhen the massacres were going on, the District Magistrate of Barisal asked Satindranath Sen, freedom fighter and Member of Legislative Assembly (M.L.A.) of East Bengal from Barisal, to sign a declaration stating that there existed peace and normalcy in the district. Sen refused to sign the document. On 15 February, Satindranath Sen, was arrested under Section 307 C.C.P. and B.S.P.O. 1946 and imprisoned as an ordinary prisoner. On 18 February, Sen wrote to Liaquat Ali Khan, the Prime Minister of Pakistan, appraising him of the situation in Barisal, without any avail.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 55], "content_span": [56, 628]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067573-0030-0001", "contents": "1950 East Pakistan riots, Imprisonment of Hindu leaders\nOn 11 March, Suresh Chandra Biswas, a Member of Legislative Assembly (M.L.A.) of East Bengal from Sylhet was arrested for addressing a public gathering where he protested against the arson on Hindu houses. Biswas was handcuffed and paraded through the streets, and locked up. A charge of arson was framed against him. He was imprisoned. On 16 March, the five Hindu members of the seven-member non-official inquiry committee investigating into the Kalshira massacre were arrested. The committee had submitted a report, mostly corroborating the origin and extent of the violence as reported in the Indian press. On 23 March, 30 leading Hindus, including 72-year-old Mohini Mohan Kar, the zamindar of Kulaura and prominent Congress leaders like Kripesh Chandra Bhattacharjee were arrested from Maulvibazar in Sylhet district.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 55], "content_span": [56, 878]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067573-0031-0000", "contents": "1950 East Pakistan riots, Press censorship\nIn February, several attempts were made on Indian newspaper correspondents in Feni sub-division in Noakhali. Dr Dhirendra Kumar Dutta, the younger brother of PTI correspondent Jadugopal Dutta, was stabbed to death. On 2 March 1950, Jawaharlal Nehru, the Prime Minister of India, in a session in the Parliament, acknowledged that all correspondents attached to Indian newspapers and the PTI, working in East Pakistan were discredited and prevented from sending any news.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 42], "content_span": [43, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067573-0032-0000", "contents": "1950 East Pakistan riots, Exodus of Bengali Hindus\nThere was a huge exodus of Hindus from East Bengal to different parts of the Indian Union including West Bengal, Assam and Tripura. There was a major influx of Bengali Hindu refugees in West Bengal after the Kalshira massacre. Thousands of Hindu refugees were stranded at railway stations, steamer stations and at the Dhaka airport. Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy took the responsibility of bringing the refugees to India. He arranged 16 chartered planes to airlift the stranded evacuees from Dhaka airport. He further arranged 15 big passenger steamers to rescue the stranded refugees from Faridpur and Barisal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 50], "content_span": [51, 655]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067573-0032-0001", "contents": "1950 East Pakistan riots, Exodus of Bengali Hindus\nIn March 1950, an estimated 75,000 Bengali Hindu refugees from East Bengal were admitted in the refugee camps of West Bengal. Around 200,000 refugees arrived in Tripura in March, 1950. An estimated 110,000 refugees arrived in Karimganj district in Assam from Sylhet district till 2 April 1950. On 11 April 1950, 2,500 Hindu refugees arrived at Shalimar in Howrah from Barisal in four chartered steamers. 20,000 refugees were still awaiting evacuation in Barisal. Till 12 April 1950, 120,000 refugees arrived in West Dinajpur district of West Bengal. Thus more than 500,000 refugees had arrived in West Bengal since the exodus began in January 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 50], "content_span": [51, 699]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067573-0033-0000", "contents": "1950 East Pakistan riots, Exodus of Bengali Hindus\nThe total figure of refugees ran into millions. On 4 April 1950, Bidhan Chandra Roy stated that 2 million refugees from East Bengal had already taken shelter in India. According to Rabindranath Trivedi, a total of 3.5 million Hindu refugees arrived in India in 1950. According to researcher A. Roy, 500,000 Hindus were killed in the pogroms, which resulted in the exodus of 4.5 million Hindus into India. About a million Hindu refugees from Sindh arrived in India.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 50], "content_span": [51, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067573-0034-0000", "contents": "1950 East Pakistan riots, Protests in India\nThe Government of West Bengal lodged a strong protest with the Pakistan government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 43], "content_span": [44, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067573-0035-0000", "contents": "1950 East Pakistan riots, Protests in India\nJawaharlal Nehru, then Prime Minister of India, visited Kolkata on 6 March and later on 16 March. After seeing the plight of the Bengali Hindu refugees, he made an appeal to Pakistani Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan to stop the atrocities.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 43], "content_span": [44, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067574-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Ecuadorian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Ecuador on 4 June 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067575-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Edmonton municipal election\nThe 1950 municipal election was held November 1, 1950 to elect five aldermen to sit on Edmonton City Council. The electorate also decided eleven plebiscite questions. There was no mayoral election, as Sidney Parsons was on the second year of a two year-term. There were no elections for school trustees, as candidates for both the public and separate school boards were acclaimed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 413]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067575-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Edmonton municipal election\nThere were ten aldermen on city council, but five of the positions were already filled: Harold Tanner (SS), Armour Ford, Rupert Clare, Kenneth Lawson, and William Hawrelak (SS) were all elected to two-year terms in 1949 and were still in office.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067575-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Edmonton municipal election\nThere were seven trustees on the public school board, but four of the positions were already filled:George Brown, Mary Butterworth (SS), J W K Shortreed, and John Thorogood (SS) had been acclaimed to two-year terms in 1949 and were still in office. The same was true on the separate board, where Joseph Gallant, Lawrence Keylor (SS), Ambrose O'Neill, and Joseph Pilon were continuing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067575-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Edmonton municipal election, Voter turnout\nThere were 27,484 ballots cast out of 93,406 eligible voters, for a voter turnout of 29.4%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 47], "content_span": [48, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067575-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Separate (Catholic) school trustees\nAdrian Crowe (SS), Francis Killeen, and James O'Hara were acclaimed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 78], "content_span": [79, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067575-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Civic Centre\nAre you in favour of the City entering into the proposed agreement with the First New Amsterdam Corporation for development of the Civic Centre area as finally approved by City Council on September 29, 1950?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 68], "content_span": [69, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067575-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Paving\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $1,225,095.00 for City share of paving of arterial streets, bus routes and elsewhere?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 62], "content_span": [63, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067575-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, High Level Bridge\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $500,000.00 to be applied toward the cost of providing a four lane vehicular traffic deck on the High Level Bridge to relieve serious traffic congestion?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 73], "content_span": [74, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067575-0008-0000", "contents": "1950 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Equipment for Engineers' Department\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $100,000.00 to purchase equipment for the Engineers\u2019 Department including a flusher, a sweeper, mud pump and grader?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 91], "content_span": [92, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067575-0009-0000", "contents": "1950 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Fire Department\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $175,000.00 for the erection of Fire Department Buildings, namely, fire hall at Jasper Avenue and 92 Street, one drill tower and one drill school utility building for training firemen?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 71], "content_span": [72, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067575-0010-0000", "contents": "1950 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Fire Fighting Equipment\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $76,000.00 to purchase equipment for the Fire Department consisting of two pumpers and one aerial ladder?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 79], "content_span": [80, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067575-0011-0000", "contents": "1950 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Police Station\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $250,000.00 for additions to the main Police Station Building including one additional court room, increased office space, added prisoner cells and full sized gymnasium?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 70], "content_span": [71, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067575-0012-0000", "contents": "1950 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Renfrew Ball Park\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $50,000.00 to erect a concrete grandstand to seat 1,200 people at Renfrew Ball Park?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 73], "content_span": [74, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067575-0013-0000", "contents": "1950 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Royal Alexandra Maternity Ward\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $1,035,000.00 for the erection of new maternity building at the Royal Alexandra Hospital to relieve serious over-crowding of present facilities?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 86], "content_span": [87, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067575-0014-0000", "contents": "1950 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Royal Alexandra Hospital\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $1,200,000.00 for additions and renovations to Royal Alexandra Hospital including improved operating rooms, laboratories, X-ray Department, cafeteria, plus renovation of plumbing in present main building?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 80], "content_span": [81, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067575-0015-0000", "contents": "1950 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Outdoor Pool\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $150,000.00 for the construction of an out-door swimming pool in the City?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 68], "content_span": [69, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067576-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Egyptian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Egypt on 3 January 1950, with a second round on 10 January. In the parliament of 319-seats, 225 went to the Wafd Party, 28 to the Saadist Institutional Party, 26 to the Liberal Constitutional Party, and 40 to minor parties and independents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067577-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Ekstraklasa, Overview\nIt was contested by 12 teams, and Wis\u0142a Krak\u00f3w won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 26], "content_span": [27, 95]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067578-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Emperor's Cup, Overview\nIt was contested by 16 teams, and All Kwangaku won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 28], "content_span": [29, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067579-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Emperor's Cup Final\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Monkbot (talk | contribs) at 00:16, 8 January 2020 (\u2192\u200etop: Task 15:  language icon template(s) replaced (1\u00d7);). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067579-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Emperor's Cup Final\n1950 Emperor's Cup Final was the 30th final of the Emperor's Cup competition. The final was played at Kariya Stadium in Aichi on June 4, 1950. All Kwangaku won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067579-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Emperor's Cup Final, Overview\nAll Kwangaku won the championship, by defeating Keio University 6\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067580-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 English Greyhound Derby\nThe 1950 Greyhound Derby took place during June with the final being held on 24 June 1950 at White City Stadium. The winner Ballymac Ball and his owner, Belfast bookmaker Tom F Nicholl, received a first prize of \u00a31,500. The greyhound was trained by Stan Martin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067580-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 English Greyhound Derby, Final result, Distances\n3\u00bc, 5\u00bd, 3, 2, 4 (lengths)The distances between the greyhounds are in finishing order and shown in lengths. From 1927-1950 one length was equal to 0.06 of one second but race times are shown as 0.08 as per modern day calculations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 53], "content_span": [54, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067580-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 English Greyhound Derby, Review\nRed Wind was made the ante-post favourite before the competition got underway, the fawn dog had won the Grand Prix and Midland Puppy Derby but in qualifying for the second round suffered a minor injury. Greenwood Tanist was the first shock of the competition as the 2-1 favourite failed to qualify after going lame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067580-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 English Greyhound Derby, Review\nRound two saw Red Wind recover from his injury and secure a nine length victory in a fast 28.70. Another favourite, Ballymac Ball showed a strong finish to catch long time leaders Loyal Accomplice and Magna Hasty in his heat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067580-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 English Greyhound Derby, Review\nIn the first semi-final Quare Customer won from Magna Hasty and Drumgoon Boy. In the second semi-final Red Wind faded after being well placed and was eliminated, the race was won by Ballycurren Garrett with Ballymac Ball and Captain the Killer claiming the qualifying places. Red Wind was found to be lame again after pulling a muscle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067580-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 English Greyhound Derby, Review\nIn the final Ballymac Ball broke well with Quare Customer challenging, however Ballymac Ball maintained a healthy lead and ran out over three lengths in front recording 28.72, a new final record. The favourite Ballycurren Garrett had missed the break and encountered crowding with the others, leaving one of the sport's biggest owners George Flintham still awaiting success in the Derby.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067581-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 English cricket season\n1950 was the 51st season of County Championship cricket in England. England and West Indies played a memorable Test series which the visitors won 3\u20131. The championship was shared by Lancashire and Surrey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067581-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 English cricket season, Test series, West Indies tour\nEngland lost the series 3\u20131 to John Goddard's West Indies who claimed four places in the Wisden Five Cricketers of the Year (see above). Not only was this the first time that West Indies had won a series in England, but they had never previously won a Test in the country. Ramadhin had match figures of 11\u2013152 at Lord's, and his \"spin twin\" Valentine had figures of 11\u2013204 at Old Trafford and 10\u2013160 at The Oval.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 58], "content_span": [59, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067581-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 English cricket season, Leading batsmen\nWatson missed much of the season because he was in the England football team that contested the 1950 World Cup in Brazil.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 44], "content_span": [45, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067582-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Estonian SSR Football Championship\nThe 1950 Estonian SSR Football Championship was won by Tallinna D\u00fcnamo.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067583-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 European Aquatics Championships\nThe 1950 LEN European Aquatics Championships were held 20\u201327 August 1950 in Vienna, Austria .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067584-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships\nThe 4th European Athletics Championships were held from 23 August to 27 August 1950 in the Heysel Stadium of the Belgian capital Brussels. Contemporaneous reports on the event were given in the Glasgow Herald.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067584-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 454 athletes from 21 countries participated in the event, in agreement with the official number of athletes, but three countries less than the official number of 24 as published.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 52], "content_span": [53, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067585-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 10,000 metres\nThe men's 10,000 metres at the 1950 European Athletics Championships was held in Brussels, Belgium, at Heysel Stadium on 23 August 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067585-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 10,000 metres, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 14 athletes from 11 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 74], "content_span": [75, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067586-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 10,000 metres track walk\nThe men's 10,000 metres track walk at the 1950 European Athletics Championships was held in Brussels, Belgium, at Heysel Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 70], "section_span": [70, 70], "content_span": [71, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067586-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 10,000 metres track walk, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 13 athletes from 7 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 70], "section_span": [72, 85], "content_span": [86, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067587-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 100 metres\nThe men's 100 metres at the 1950 European Athletics Championships was held in Brussels, Belgium, at Heysel Stadium on 23 and 24 August 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067587-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 100 metres, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 26 athletes from 16 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [58, 71], "content_span": [72, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067588-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 110 metres hurdles\nThe men's 110 metres hurdles at the 1950 European Athletics Championships was held in Brussels, Belgium, at Heysel Stadium on 23 and 24 August 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 64], "section_span": [64, 64], "content_span": [65, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067588-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 110 metres hurdles, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 15 athletes from 10 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 64], "section_span": [66, 79], "content_span": [80, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067589-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 1500 metres\nThe men's 1500 metres at the 1950 European Athletics Championships was held in Brussels, Belgium, at Heysel Stadium on 24 and 27 August 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067589-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 1500 metres, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 20 athletes from 13 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 72], "content_span": [73, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067590-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 200 metres\nThe men's 200 metres at the 1950 European Athletics Championships was held in Brussels, Belgium, at Heysel Stadium on 25, 26 and 27 August 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067590-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 200 metres, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 25 athletes from 16 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [58, 71], "content_span": [72, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067591-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 3000 metres steeplechase\nThe men's 3000 metres steeplechase at the 1950 European Athletics Championships was held in Brussels, Belgium, at Heysel Stadium on 27 August 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 70], "section_span": [70, 70], "content_span": [71, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067591-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 3000 metres steeplechase, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 16 athletes from 11 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 70], "section_span": [72, 85], "content_span": [86, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067592-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 4 \u00d7 100 metres relay\nThe men's 4 x 100 metres relay at the 1950 European Athletics Championships was held in Brussels, Belgium, at Heysel Stadium on 23 and 27 August 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 66], "section_span": [66, 66], "content_span": [67, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067592-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 4 \u00d7 100 metres relay, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 36 athletes from 9 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 66], "section_span": [68, 81], "content_span": [82, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067593-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 4 \u00d7 400 metres relay\nThe men's 4 x 400 metres relay at the 1950 European Athletics Championships was held in Brussels, Belgium, at Heysel Stadium on 26 and 27 August 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 66], "section_span": [66, 66], "content_span": [67, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067593-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 4 \u00d7 400 metres relay, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 36 athletes from 9 countries participated in the event. The fourth member of both the Belgian and Dutch relay teams are unknown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 66], "section_span": [68, 81], "content_span": [82, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067594-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 400 metres\nThe men's 400 metres at the 1950 European Athletics Championships was held in Brussels, Belgium, at Heysel Stadium on 23, 24, and 25 August 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067594-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 400 metres, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 16 athletes from 9 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [58, 71], "content_span": [72, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067595-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 400 metres hurdles\nThe men's 400 metres hurdles at the 1950 European Athletics Championships was held in Brussels, Belgium, at Heysel Stadium on 24, 26, and 27 August 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 64], "section_span": [64, 64], "content_span": [65, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067595-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 400 metres hurdles, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 20 athletes from 13 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 64], "section_span": [66, 79], "content_span": [80, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067596-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 50 kilometres walk\nThe men's 50 kilometres race walk at the 1950 European Athletics Championships was held in Brussels, Belgium, on 25 August 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 64], "section_span": [64, 64], "content_span": [65, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067596-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 50 kilometres walk, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 17 athletes from 10 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 64], "section_span": [66, 79], "content_span": [80, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067597-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 5000 metres\nThe men's 5000 metres at the 1950 European Athletics Championships was held in Brussels, Belgium, at Heysel Stadium on 24 and 26 August 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067597-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 5000 metres, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 16 athletes from 11 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 72], "content_span": [73, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067598-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 800 metres\nThe men's 800 metres at the 1950 European Athletics Championships was held in Brussels, Belgium, at Heysel Stadium on 23 and 26 August 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067598-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 800 metres, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 18 athletes from 12 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [58, 71], "content_span": [72, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067599-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's decathlon\nThe men's decathlon at the 1950 European Athletics Championships was held in Brussels, Belgium, at Heysel Stadium on 24 and 25 August 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067599-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's decathlon, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 15 athletes from 10 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 70], "content_span": [71, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067600-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's discus throw\nThe men's discus throw at the 1950 European Athletics Championships was held in Brussels, Belgium, at Heysel Stadium on 24 and 26 August 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067600-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's discus throw, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 18 athletes from 14 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 73], "content_span": [74, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067601-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's hammer throw\nThe men's hammer throw at the 1950 European Athletics Championships was held in Brussels, Belgium, at Heysel Stadium on 26 and 27 August 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067601-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's hammer throw, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 13 athletes from 10 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 73], "content_span": [74, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067602-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's high jump\nThe men's high jump at the 1950 European Athletics Championships was held in Brussels, Belgium, at Heysel Stadium on 25 and 27 August 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067602-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's high jump, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 11 athletes from 7 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 70], "content_span": [71, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067603-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's javelin throw\nThe men's javelin throw at the 1950 European Athletics Championships was held in Brussels, Belgium, at Heysel Stadium on 26 and 27 August 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067603-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's javelin throw, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 16 athletes from 12 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 74], "content_span": [75, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067604-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's long jump\nThe men's long jump at the 1950 European Athletics Championships was held in Brussels, Belgium, at Heysel Stadium on 25 and 26 August 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067604-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's long jump, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 17 athletes from 12 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 70], "content_span": [71, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067605-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's marathon\nThe men's marathon at the 1950 European Athletics Championships was held in Brussels, Belgium, on 23 August 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067605-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's marathon, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 22 athletes from 13 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 69], "content_span": [70, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067606-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's pole vault\nThe men's pole vault at the 1950 European Athletics Championships was held in Brussels, Belgium, at Heysel Stadium on 24 and 26 August 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067606-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's pole vault, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 15 athletes from 11 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [58, 71], "content_span": [72, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067607-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's shot put\nThe men's shot put at the 1950 European Athletics Championships was held in Brussels, Belgium, at Heysel Stadium on 25 August 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067607-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's shot put, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 13 athletes from 11 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 69], "content_span": [70, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067608-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's triple jump\nThe men's triple jump at the 1950 European Athletics Championships was held in Brussels, Belgium, at Heysel Stadium on 23 August 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067608-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's triple jump, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 16 athletes from 14 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 72], "content_span": [73, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067609-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Women's 100 metres\nThe women's 100 metres at the 1950 European Athletics Championships was held in Brussels, Belgium, at Heysel Stadium on 24 and 25 August 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067609-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Women's 100 metres, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 15 athletes from 7 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 73], "content_span": [74, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067610-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Women's 200 metres\nThe women's 200 metres at the 1950 European Athletics Championships was held in Brussels, Belgium, at Stade du Heysel on 26 and 27 August 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067610-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Women's 200 metres, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 14 athletes from 6 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 73], "content_span": [74, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067611-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Women's 4 \u00d7 100 metres relay\nThe women's 4 x 100 metres relay at the 1950 European Athletics Championships was held in Brussels, Belgium, at Stade du Heysel on 27 August 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 68], "section_span": [68, 68], "content_span": [69, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067611-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Women's 4 \u00d7 100 metres relay, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 24 athletes from 6 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 68], "section_span": [70, 83], "content_span": [84, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067612-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Women's 80 metres hurdles\nThe women's 80 metres hurdles at the 1950 European Athletics Championships was held in Brussels, Belgium, at Heysel Stadium on 25 and 26 August 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 65], "section_span": [65, 65], "content_span": [66, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067612-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Women's 80 metres hurdles, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 15 athletes from 8 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 65], "section_span": [67, 80], "content_span": [81, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067613-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Women's discus throw\nThe women's discus throw at the 1950 European Athletics Championships was held in Brussels, Belgium, at Heysel Stadium on 25 August 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 60], "section_span": [60, 60], "content_span": [61, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067613-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Women's discus throw, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 12 athletes from 7 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 60], "section_span": [62, 75], "content_span": [76, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067614-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Women's high jump\nThe women's high jump at the 1950 European Athletics Championships was held in Brussels, Belgium, at Heysel Stadium on 26 August 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067614-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Women's high jump, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 10 athletes from 6 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 72], "content_span": [73, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067615-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Women's javelin throw\nThe women's javelin throw at the 1950 European Athletics Championships was held in Brussels, Belgium, at Heysel Stadium on 23 August 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 61], "section_span": [61, 61], "content_span": [62, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067615-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Women's javelin throw, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 13 athletes from 10 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 61], "section_span": [63, 76], "content_span": [77, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067616-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Women's long jump\nThe women's long jump at the 1950 European Athletics Championships was held in Brussels, Belgium, at Heysel Stadium on 24 August 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067616-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Women's long jump, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 14 athletes from 7 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 72], "content_span": [73, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067617-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Women's pentathlon\nThe women's pentathlon at the 1950 European Athletics Championships was held in Brussels, Belgium, at Heysel Stadium on 25 August 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067617-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Women's pentathlon, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 11 athletes from 9 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 73], "content_span": [74, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067618-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Women's shot put\nThe women's shot put at the 1950 European Athletics Championships was held in Brussels, Belgium, at Heysel Stadium on 23 August 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067618-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Women's shot put, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 12 athletes from 8 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [58, 71], "content_span": [72, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067619-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 European Figure Skating Championships\nThe 1950 European Figure Skating Championships were held at the Bislett Stadium in Oslo, Norway from February 17 to 19. Elite senior-level figure skaters from European ISU member nations competed for the title of European Champion in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, and pair skating.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067620-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 European Rowing Championships\nThe 1950 European Rowing Championships were rowing championships held on the Idroscalo in the Italian city of Milan. The competition was for men only, they competed in all seven Olympic boat classes (M1x, M2x, M2-, M2+, M4-, M4+, M8+).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067620-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 European Rowing Championships, Background\nWith rowing officials from around the world coming to the regatta, the International Rowing Federation (FISA) held an ordinary congress on 30 August 1950 in Milan. It was at that congress that it was decided that women's rowing would be trialled. The first test event over the shorter agreed 1,000\u00a0m distance was run at the 1951 European Rowing Championships in M\u00e2con a day prior to the men's competition starting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067621-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 FA Charity Shield\nThe 1950 FA Charity Shield was the 28th FA Charity Shield, an early season exhibition football match hosted by The Football Association. The 1950 match was held between the England squad that had competed at the 1950 World Cup, and the squad that had participated in an exhibition tour of Canada in the same summer. While in its early years the format of the Charity Shield had varied, by 1950 the match was an unusual variation from the normal game between the league champion and the FA Cup winner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067621-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 FA Charity Shield\nEngland had entered the FIFA World Cup for the first time in 1950, having previously missed the tournament due to the FA (and other Home Nations football associations) boycott of FIFA. The tournament had gone badly, with an under-prepared England team eliminated in the first round, including suffering from a 1\u20130 defeat to the United States, whose team was largely made up of amateurs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067621-0001-0001", "contents": "1950 FA Charity Shield\nThe decision to send a team on a goodwill tour \u2014 a fairly common practice by the FA at the time \u2014 to Canada at the same time as the World Cup is now seen as evidence of this poor preparation, with key players such as Stanley Matthews and Nat Lofthouse unavailable for all or part of the World Cup due to their selection for the tour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067621-0001-0002", "contents": "1950 FA Charity Shield\nThis was the last time to date that the Charity Shield was held between two FA teams (in 1913, 1923\u201326 and 1929 it had been between an England Professional XI and the England amateur team), though an FA XI would later compete in the 1961 FA Charity Shield against the double-winning Tottenham Hotspur team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067621-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 FA Charity Shield\nThe match itself finished 4\u20132 to the World Cup squad. Matthews, who had been part of both squads, played for the Touring XI. Liverpool F.C. defender Laurie Hughes was badly injured in the match, and never played for England again. He remained at Liverpool for the rest of his career, but the injury is seen as having prevented him from fulfilling his potential.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067622-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 FA Cup Final\nThe 1950 FA Cup Final was the 69th final of the FA Cup. It took place on 29 April 1950 at Wembley Stadium and was contested between Arsenal and Liverpool.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067622-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 FA Cup Final\nArsenal won the match 2\u20130 to win the FA Cup for the third time, with both goals scored by Reg Lewis. The Arsenal team also featured cricketer Denis Compton, who played alongside his brother Leslie. Liverpool dropped future manager Bob Paisley for the match, even though he had scored against Merseyside rivals Everton in the semi-final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067623-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 FC Dinamo Bucure\u0219ti season\nThe 1950 season was Dinamo Bucure\u0219ti's second season in Divizia A. Because of the system's switch to spring-autumn, between 1948 and 1949 and 1950 championships, Dinamo participated in the Fall Cup. The team played in the 5th Serie, and they won eight matches, draw one and lose one, at home with CFR Bucure\u0219ti.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067623-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 FC Dinamo Bucure\u0219ti season\nDinamo finished the championship in 8th place with 21 points. Constantin Popescu ranked third in the top scorer with 14 goals scored.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067623-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 FC Dinamo Bucure\u0219ti season, Squad\nStandard team: Petre Ivan \u2013 Florian Ambru, Caius Novac \u2013 Gheorghe B\u0103cu\u021b, Constantin Marinescu, Angelo Niculescu (Ion \u0218iclovan) \u2013 Nicolae Voinescu (Iuliu Farka\u0219), Carol Bartha, Titus Ozon, Nicolae Dumitru, Constantin Popescu (Vasile Naciu).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 38], "content_span": [39, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067623-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 FC Dinamo Bucure\u0219ti season, Squad, Transfers\nGheorghe B\u0103cu\u021b (UTA), Constantin Marinescu (Jiul Petro\u015fani), Nicolae Dumitru, Nicolae Voinescu and Constantin \"Titi\" Popescu were brought from Metalul Bucure\u0219ti, along with the coach Iuliu Baratky. Simionescu was transferred to Locomotiva Bucure\u0219ti, and Farka\u0219 to Partizanul Petro\u015fani.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 49], "content_span": [50, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067624-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 FC Steaua Bucure\u0219ti season\nThe 1950 season was FC Steaua Bucure\u0219ti's 3rd season since its founding in 1947.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067624-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 FC Steaua Bucure\u0219ti season\nThis year the club changed the name again, for the third season in a row. It changed to CCA Bucure\u0219ti (Casa Central\u0103 a Armatei \u2013 Central House of the Army).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067625-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 FIBA World Championship\nThe 1950 FIBA World Championship, also called the 1st World Basketball Championship\u00a0\u2013 1950, was an international basketball tournament held by the International Basketball Federation in Buenos Aires, Argentina, from 22 October to 3 November 1950. Ten nations participated in the inaugural tournament. All competition was held at the Luna Park, Buenos Aires. Argentina claimed the gold medal, by beating the United States 64\u201350.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067625-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 FIBA World Championship, Competing nations\nFIBA determined the requirements to qualify for the World Championship as follows: the three best teams in the previous Olympic tournament (France, Brazil and the United States), the two best teams from South America (Uruguay and Chile, the top two teams in the 1949 South American Basketball Championship), Europe (Egypt, the winner of EuroBasket 1949) and Asia (South Korea), plus the host country (Argentina).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 47], "content_span": [48, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067625-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 FIBA World Championship, Competing nations\nAs South Korea withdrew due to travel difficulties, and Uruguay withdrew after being refused visas to enter Argentina, FIBA extended invitations to Ecuador, Yugoslavia, Spain and Peru.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 47], "content_span": [48, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067626-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 FIFA World Cup\nThe 1950 FIFA World Cup was the fourth edition of the FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial international football championship for senior men's national teams and held in Brazil from 24 June to 16 July 1950. The planned 1942 and 1946 World Cups were cancelled due to World War II. This tournament ended the  hiatus. Uruguay, who had won the inaugural competition in 1930, defeated the host nation, Brazil, in the deciding match of the four-team group of the final round. This was the only tournament not decided by a one-match final. It was also the inaugural tournament where the trophy was referred to as the Jules Rimet Cup, to mark the 25th anniversary of Jules Rimet's presidency of FIFA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 708]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067626-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 FIFA World Cup, Host selection\nBecause of World War II, the World Cup had not been staged since 1938; the planned World Cups of 1942 and 1946 were both cancelled. After the war, FIFA were keen to resurrect the competition as soon as possible, and they began making plans for a World Cup tournament to take place. In the aftermath of the war, much of Europe lay in ruins. As a result, FIFA had some difficulties finding a country interested in hosting the event, since many governments believed that their scarce resources ought to be devoted to more urgent priorities than a sporting celebration.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 35], "content_span": [36, 601]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067626-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 FIFA World Cup, Host selection\nThe World Cup was at risk of not being held for sheer lack of interest from the international community, until Brazil presented a bid at the 1946 FIFA Congress, offering to host the event on condition that the tournament take place in 1950 rather than the originally proposed year of 1949. Brazil and Germany had been the leading bidders to host the cancelled 1942 World Cup; since both the 1934 and 1938 tournaments had been held in Europe, football historians generally agree that the 1942 event would most likely have been awarded to a South American host country. Brazil's new bid was very similar to the mooted 1942 bid and was quickly accepted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 35], "content_span": [36, 686]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067626-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 FIFA World Cup, Qualification\nHaving secured a host nation, FIFA would still dedicate some time to persuading countries to send their national teams to compete. Italy was of particular interest as the long-standing defending champions, having won the two previous tournaments in 1934 and 1938; however, Italy's national team was weakened severely as most of its starting line-up perished in the Superga air disaster one year before the start of the tournament. The Italians were eventually persuaded to attend, but travelled by boat rather than by plane.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067626-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 FIFA World Cup, Qualification\nBrazil (the host country) and Italy (the defending champion) qualified automatically, leaving 14 places remaining. Of these, seven were allocated to Europe, six to the Americas, and one to Asia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067626-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 FIFA World Cup, Qualification, Former Axis powers\nBoth Germany (still occupied and partitioned) and Japan (still occupied) were unable to participate. The Japan Football Association (suspended for failure to pay dues in 1945) and the German Football Association (disbanded in 1945 and reorganized in January 1950) were not readmitted to FIFA until September 1950, while the Deutscher Fu\u00dfball-Verband der DDR in East Germany was not admitted to FIFA until 1952. The French-occupied Saarland had been accepted by FIFA two weeks before the World Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 54], "content_span": [55, 552]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067626-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 FIFA World Cup, Qualification, United Kingdom nations\nThe \"Home\" nations were invited to take part, having rejoined FIFA four years earlier, after 17 years of self-imposed exile. It was decided to use the 1949\u201350 British Home Championship as a qualifying group, with the top two teams qualifying. England finished first and Scotland second.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 58], "content_span": [59, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067626-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 FIFA World Cup, Qualification, Teams refusing to participate\nA number of teams refused to participate in the qualifying tournament, including most nations behind the Iron Curtain, such as the Soviet Union, 1934 finalists Czechoslovakia, and 1938 finalists Hungary. Ultimately, Yugoslavia was the only Eastern European nation to take part in the tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 65], "content_span": [66, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067626-0008-0000", "contents": "1950 FIFA World Cup, Qualification, Withdrawals during qualification\nArgentina, Ecuador, and Peru in South America withdrew after the qualifying draw, in Argentina's case because of a dispute with the Brazilian Football Confederation. This meant that Chile, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Uruguay qualified from South America by default. In Asia, the Philippines, Indonesia, and Burma all withdrew, leaving India to qualify by default. In Europe, Austria withdrew, claiming its team was too inexperienced. Belgium also withdrew from the qualification tournament. These withdrawals meant that Switzerland and Turkey qualified without having to play their final round of matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 68], "content_span": [69, 669]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067626-0009-0000", "contents": "1950 FIFA World Cup, Qualification, Qualified teams and withdrawals after qualification\nThe following 16 teams originally qualified for the final tournament. After the withdrawals, only 13 teams would participate in the World Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 87], "content_span": [88, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067626-0010-0000", "contents": "1950 FIFA World Cup, Qualification, Qualified teams and withdrawals after qualification\nBefore the qualification competition, George Graham, chairman of the Scottish Football Association (SFA), had said that Scotland would only travel to Brazil as winners of the Home Championship (England, by contrast, had committed to attending, even if they finished in second place). After Scotland ended up in second place behind England, the Scottish captain George Young, encouraged by England captain Billy Wright, pleaded with the SFA to change its mind and accept the place in Brazil; however, Graham refused to change his position and so Scotland withdrew from the tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 87], "content_span": [88, 671]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067626-0011-0000", "contents": "1950 FIFA World Cup, Qualification, Qualified teams and withdrawals after qualification\nTurkey also withdrew, citing financial conditions that included the cost of travelling to South America. FIFA invited Portugal, Ireland (FAI), and France, who had been eliminated in qualifying, to fill the gaps left by Scotland and Turkey. Portugal and Ireland refused, but France initially accepted and was entered into the draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 87], "content_span": [88, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067626-0012-0000", "contents": "1950 FIFA World Cup, Qualification, Draw and withdrawals after the draw\nThe draw, held in Rio on 22 May 1950, allocated the fifteen remaining teams into four groups:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 71], "content_span": [72, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067626-0013-0000", "contents": "1950 FIFA World Cup, Qualification, Draw and withdrawals after the draw\nAfter the draw, the Indian football association AIFF decided against going to the World Cup, citing travel costs (although FIFA had agreed to bear a major part of the travel expenses), lack of practice time, team selection issues, and valuing the Olympics over the FIFA World Cup. Although FIFA had imposed a rule banning barefoot play following the 1948 Summer Olympics, where India had played barefoot, the Indian captain at the time, Sailen Manna, claimed that this was not part of the AIFF's decision.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 71], "content_span": [72, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067626-0014-0000", "contents": "1950 FIFA World Cup, Qualification, Draw and withdrawals after the draw\nFrance also withdrew, citing the amount of travel that would be required in Group 4. There was not enough time to invite further replacement teams or to reorganise the groups, so the tournament featured only thirteen teams, with just two nations in Group 4.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 71], "content_span": [72, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067626-0015-0000", "contents": "1950 FIFA World Cup, Qualification, Draw and withdrawals after the draw\nOf the thirteen teams that competed, only one, England, was making its debut. Several of the Latin American teams were competing for the first time since the inaugural 1930 tournament \u2013 this included undefeated Uruguay, as well as Mexico, Chile, Paraguay, and Bolivia. Yugoslavia was also making its appearance following a hiatus from 1930. This would be the United States' last appearance at the World Cup finals until 1990, and Bolivia's last until 1994.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 71], "content_span": [72, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067626-0016-0000", "contents": "1950 FIFA World Cup, Format\nA new playing format was proposed by the Brazilian organisers of the tournament to maximize matches and ticket sales since the stadium and infrastructure were so costly. The 13 teams were divided into four first-round groups (or \"pools\" as they were then called) of four teams, with the winner of each group advancing to a final group stage, playing in round-robin format to determine the cup winner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 27], "content_span": [28, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067626-0016-0001", "contents": "1950 FIFA World Cup, Format\nA straight knockout tournament, as had been used in 1934 and 1938, would feature only sixteen games (including the third-place playoff), while the proposed two rounds of the group format would guarantee thirty games, and thus more ticket revenue. In addition, this format would guarantee each team at least three games, and thus provide more incentive for European teams to make the journey to South America and compete. FIFA originally resisted this proposal, but reconsidered when Brazil threatened to back out of hosting the tournament if this format was not used.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 27], "content_span": [28, 595]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067626-0017-0000", "contents": "1950 FIFA World Cup, Format\nIn each group, teams were awarded 2 points for a win and 1 point for a draw. Had there been a tie on points for first place in a group, a playoff would have been held to determine the group winner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 27], "content_span": [28, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067626-0018-0000", "contents": "1950 FIFA World Cup, Format\nThe entire tournament was arranged in such a way that the four first-round groups had no geographical basis. Hence, several teams were obliged to cover large distances to complete their programme, although Brazil was allowed to play two of its three group matches in Rio de Janeiro while its other group game was held in the relatively nearby city of S\u00e3o Paulo.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 27], "content_span": [28, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067626-0019-0000", "contents": "1950 FIFA World Cup, Summary\nA combined Great Britain team had recently beaten the rest of Europe 6\u20131 in an exhibition match and England went into the competition as one of the favourites; however, they went crashing out after a shock 1\u20130 defeat by the United States and a 1\u20130 defeat by Spain. Italy, the defending champions, lost their unbeaten record at the World Cup finals with a 3\u20132 defeat by Sweden in its opening match and failed to progress to the second round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 28], "content_span": [29, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067626-0020-0000", "contents": "1950 FIFA World Cup, Summary\nThe final match in Group 1 between Switzerland and Mexico was the second time a national team did not play in their own kit, the first being 1934 match between Austria and Germany when both teams arrived with white kits, and the Austrians borrowed blue kits from club side Napoli. Both teams arrived with only their red kits, so the Brazilian Football Confederation tossed a coin, with Mexico thus earning the right to play in their own kit, a right they waived as a friendly gesture, allowing the Swiss to wear their own kit while Mexico changed. The local team that lent their shirts was Esporte Clube Cruzeiro from Porto Alegre. The shirts had vertical blue and white stripes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 28], "content_span": [29, 708]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067626-0021-0000", "contents": "1950 FIFA World Cup, Summary\nThe final group stage involved the teams that had won their groups: Brazil, Spain, Sweden and 1930 FIFA World Cup champions Uruguay, who were making their first World Cup appearance since winning the inaugural tournament. The World Cup winner would be the team that finished on top of this group. The final group's six matches were shared between Rio de Janeiro and S\u00e3o Paulo. Brazil played all its final group matches at the Est\u00e1dio do Maracan\u00e3 in Rio while the games that did not involve the host nation were played in S\u00e3o Paulo.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 28], "content_span": [29, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067626-0022-0000", "contents": "1950 FIFA World Cup, Summary\nBrazil won their first two matches with a 7\u20131 thrashing of Sweden and 6\u20131 rout of Spain, putting them on top of the group with one game left to play against Uruguay; in second and only a point behind. Brazil had scored 23 goals in the tournament and only conceded four, and so were strong favourites. The two teams had played three matches against each other in the Copa R\u00edo Branco, played in Brazil two months previously, with one match won by Uruguay 4-3 and two by Brazil (2-1 and 1\u20130), who won the tournament. Thus the difference in quality between the teams was not excessive; unlike Spain and Sweden the Uruguayans were used to the challenges in the big South American stadiums.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 28], "content_span": [29, 713]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067626-0023-0000", "contents": "1950 FIFA World Cup, Summary\nOn 16 July, before a huge home crowd of 199,954 (some estimated as 205,000) in the Est\u00e1dio do Maracan\u00e3, the host nation only had to draw against Uruguay and the trophy would be theirs. After such crushing victories over Spain and Sweden, it looked certain they would take the title, and the home nation duly went ahead in the second minute of the second half, thanks to a goal from Fria\u00e7a. However, Uruguay equalised and then, with just over 11\u00a0minutes left to play, went ahead 2\u20131 when Alcides Ghiggia squeaked a goal past Moacyr Barbosa, so Uruguay was crowned World Cup champions for a second time. This stunning defeat surprised Brazil and is referred to as the Maracanazo.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 28], "content_span": [29, 706]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067626-0024-0000", "contents": "1950 FIFA World Cup, Summary\nThe average attendance of nearly 61,000 per game, aided greatly by eight matches (including five featuring hosts Brazil) held in the newly built Maracan\u00e3, set a record that would not be broken until 1994. Not counting the Maracan\u00e3 matches, the average attendance was a still-impressive 37,500; however, the only venues that saw crowds comparable to or greater than those in recent World Cups were the Maracan\u00e3 and S\u00e3o Paulo. Other venues saw considerably smaller crowds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 28], "content_span": [29, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067626-0025-0000", "contents": "1950 FIFA World Cup, Venues\nSix venues in six cities around Brazil hosted the 22 matches played for this tournament. The Maracan\u00e3 in the then-capital of Rio de Janeiro hosted eight matches, including all but one of the host's matches, including the Maracanazo match in the second round-robin group that decided the winners of the tournament. The Pacaembu stadium in S\u00e3o Paulo hosted six matches; these two stadiums in S\u00e3o Paulo and Rio were the only venues that hosted the second round-robin matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 27], "content_span": [28, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067626-0025-0001", "contents": "1950 FIFA World Cup, Venues\nThe Est\u00e1dio Sete de Setembro in Belo Horizonte hosted three matches, the Durival de Britto stadium in Curitiba and the Eucaliptos stadium in Porto Alegre each hosted two matches, and the Ilha do Retiro stadium in far-away Recife only hosted one match. In order to present itself as a modern country, Brazil invested a today's equivalent of 290 million US-Dollars into new stadiums. The newly-built Maracan\u00e3 cost around 275 million US-Dollars alone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 27], "content_span": [28, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067626-0026-0000", "contents": "1950 FIFA World Cup, Group stage, Group 3\nIndia was also drawn into this group, but withdrew before playing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 41], "content_span": [42, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067626-0027-0000", "contents": "1950 FIFA World Cup, Group stage, Group 4\nFrance was also drawn into this group, but withdrew before playing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 41], "content_span": [42, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067626-0028-0000", "contents": "1950 FIFA World Cup, Goalscorers\nWith eight goals, Brazil's Ademir was the tournament's top scorer. In total, 88 goals were scored by 48 players, with only one of them credited as an own goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 32], "content_span": [33, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067626-0029-0000", "contents": "1950 FIFA World Cup, Goalscorers\nAlcides Ghiggia of Uruguay became the first player ever to score in every game: Jairzinho would be the second (and, as of 2020, the last) in 1970.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 32], "content_span": [33, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067626-0030-0000", "contents": "1950 FIFA World Cup, FIFA retrospective ranking\nIn 1986, FIFA published a report that ranked all teams in each World Cup up to and including 1986, based on progress in the competition, overall results and quality of the opposition. The rankings for the 1950 tournament were as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 47], "content_span": [48, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067627-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 FIFA World Cup Group 1\nGroup 1 of the 1950 FIFA World Cup took place from 24 June to 2 July 1950. The group consisted of Brazil, Mexico, Yugoslavia, and Switzerland. The group winners advanced to the final round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067628-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 FIFA World Cup Group 2\nGroup 2 of the 1950 FIFA World Cup took place from 25 June to 2 July 1950. The group consisted of England, Spain, Chile, and the United States. The group winners advanced to the final round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067629-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 FIFA World Cup Group 3\nGroup 3 of the 1950 FIFA World Cup took place from 25 June to 2 July 1950. The group consisted of Sweden, Italy, Paraguay, and India. However, India later withdrew from the group. The group winners advanced to the final round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067630-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 FIFA World Cup Group 4\nGroup 4 of the 1950 FIFA World Cup took place on 2 July 1950. The group consisted of Uruguay, France, and Bolivia. However, France later withdrew from the group. The group winners advanced to the final round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067631-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 FIFA World Cup final round\nThe final round of the 1950 FIFA World Cup took place from 9 to 16 July 1950. The final round consisted of Brazil, Spain, Sweden, and Uruguay. The winner of the final round was declared champions of the World Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067631-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 FIFA World Cup final round\nUruguay won the tournament, defeating hosts Brazil in the decisive match for their second World Cup title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067631-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 FIFA World Cup final round, Qualified teams\nThe top placed team from each of the four groups qualified for the final round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 48], "content_span": [49, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067632-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 FIFA World Cup qualification\nA total of 34 teams entered the qualification rounds of the 1950 FIFA World Cup, competing for a total of 16 spots in the final tournament. Brazil, as the hosts, and Italy, as the defending champions, qualified automatically, leaving 14 spots open for competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067632-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 FIFA World Cup qualification\nThe remaining 32 teams were divided into 10 groups, based on geographical considerations, as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067632-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 FIFA World Cup qualification\nHowever, due to the withdrawals of India, Scotland and Turkey after qualifying, only 13 teams actually competed in the final tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067632-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 FIFA World Cup qualification\nA total of 19 teams played at least one qualifying match. A total of 26 qualifying matches were played, and 121 goals were scored (an average of 4.65 per match).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067632-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 FIFA World Cup qualification\nListed below are the dates and results of the qualification rounds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067632-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 FIFA World Cup qualification, Group 2, Final round\nAustria withdrew, so Turkey qualified automatically. But Turkey later also withdrew, and FIFA offered the place to Portugal, the runner-up of Group 6, but they declined. FIFA decided not to allow anyone else to qualify, leaving the World Cup two teams short.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 55], "content_span": [56, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067632-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 FIFA World Cup qualification, Group 3, Final round\nFrance 2\u20132 Yugoslavia on aggregate, and a play-off on neutral ground was played to decide who would qualify.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 55], "content_span": [56, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067632-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 FIFA World Cup qualification, Group 3, Final round\nYugoslavia qualified while France were also offered a place by FIFA. France initially accepted, but later declined.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 55], "content_span": [56, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067632-0008-0000", "contents": "1950 FIFA World Cup qualification, Group 5\nSweden qualified. Finland withdrew before the group was completed. Ireland (FAI) were subsequently invited to enter competition but declined the opportunity because of traveling costs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067632-0009-0000", "contents": "1950 FIFA World Cup qualification, Group 5\nSweden beat Finland 8\u20131 on 2 October 1949 in Malm\u00f6. However, FIFA's website does not include this match in the list of matches or in the group standings. RSSSF's website lists the match with the note \"Sweden played B-team\", and does not provide group standings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067632-0010-0000", "contents": "1950 FIFA World Cup qualification, Group 6\nSpain qualified. Portugal were also invited to take part but they declined.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067632-0011-0000", "contents": "1950 FIFA World Cup qualification, Group 8\nEcuador and Peru withdrew, so Uruguay and Paraguay qualified automatically.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067632-0012-0000", "contents": "1950 FIFA World Cup qualification, Group 10\nBurma, Indonesia and the Philippines all withdrew before the draw, so India qualified automatically. But India later also withdrew \"because of the expense of traveling such a long way to play,\" and the AIFF wanted to concentrate on the 1952 Olympics. Although according to some reports, it was caused by a FIFA ruling that players were not allowed to play barefoot. FIFA decided not to invite anyone else, leaving the World Cup three teams short.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067632-0013-0000", "contents": "1950 FIFA World Cup qualification, Qualified teams\n6 of the 13 teams subsequently failed to qualify for the 1954 finals: Bolivia, Chile, Paraguay, Spain, Sweden and United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 50], "content_span": [51, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067633-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 FIFA World Cup squads\nBelow are the squads for the 1950 FIFA World Cup final tournament in Brazil. This was the first World Cup where the players' jerseys featured back numbers (allowed in football since 1944), though no teams had fixed numbers for each player. (That would only be compulsory from the next World Cup, in 1954.) Thus, the players are ordered by name.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067633-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 FIFA World Cup squads\nThe only national team player who played his regular league football with a foreign club was George Robledo of Chile, who played in England's Football League First Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067633-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 FIFA World Cup squads, Group 1, Switzerland\nFelice Soldini travel with the team but was ineligible to play", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 48], "content_span": [49, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067633-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 FIFA World Cup squads, Notes\nEach national team had to submit a squad of 22 players. All the teams included 2 goalkeepers, except Switzerland, Spain, Sweden and Italy who called three. Jorge 'George' Robledo of Newcastle United was the only player to play for a club outside of his country in the tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 33], "content_span": [34, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067634-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 FIFA Youth Tournament Under-18\nThe FIFA Youth Tournament Under-18 1950 Final Tournament was held in Austria.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067635-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Fairfield-Suisun Boeing B-29 crash\nNortheast of San Francisco, California, on 5 August 1950, a United States Air Force Boeing B-29 Superfortress bomber carrying a Mark 4 nuclear bomb crashed shortly after takeoff from Fairfield-Suisun Air Force Base with 20 men on board. Twelve men were killed in the crash, including the commander of the 9th Bombardment Wing, Brigadier General Robert F. Travis, and another seven were killed on the ground when the aircraft exploded. The base was later renamed for Travis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067635-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Fairfield-Suisun Boeing B-29 crash, Accident\nIn July 1950, soon after the outbreak of the Korean War, the Joint Chiefs of Staff resolved to send ten Silverplate (nuclear-capable) Boeing B-29 Superfortress bombers to Guam as a deterrent to a People's Republic of China (PRC) attack on Taiwan, (Republic of China), and for possible future use in Korea, each loaded with a Mark 4 nuclear bomb without the fissile pit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 49], "content_span": [50, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067635-0001-0001", "contents": "1950 Fairfield-Suisun Boeing B-29 crash, Accident\nThere were twenty passengers and crewmen on board B-29 44-87651 of the 99th Bombardment Squadron when it commenced takeoff from runway 21L at Fairfield-Suisun at 22:00 on Saturday, 5 August 1950, including the commander of the 9th Bombardment Wing, Brigadier General Robert F. Travis; ten men in the forward compartment and ten in the rear. The aircraft was piloted by Captain Eugene Q. Steffes, with First Lieutenant Carter W. Johnson as his co-pilot and Technical Sergeant Donald W. Moore as his flight engineer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 49], "content_span": [50, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067635-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Fairfield-Suisun Boeing B-29 crash, Accident\nAs the aircraft reached a speed of 125 miles per hour (109\u00a0kn; 201\u00a0km/h) about three-quarters of the way down the 8,000-foot (2,400\u00a0m) runway with the propellers rotating at 2,800 rpm, the number two (port inboard) propeller suddenly went up to 3,500 rpm. Steffes ordered the propeller feathered and the aircraft lifted off at an airspeed of 155\u00a0mph (135\u00a0kn; 249\u00a0km/h), then number three (starboard inboard) propeller suddenly went to 3,500 rpm. Moore reduced its speed to 2,800 rpm by reducing the manifold pressure.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 49], "content_span": [50, 567]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067635-0002-0001", "contents": "1950 Fairfield-Suisun Boeing B-29 crash, Accident\nSteffes attempted to retract the landing gear by moving the gear switch to the \"up\" position but the gear did not respond; with the undercarriage still extended, drag reduced the aircraft's airspeed to 145\u00a0mph (126\u00a0kn; 233\u00a0km/h). Steffes checked the landing gear fuse; finding it satisfactory, he attempted to raise the gear again, but the gear motors did not operate. Unable to accelerate, the aircraft would not be able to clear terrain ahead, so Steffes initiated a 180-degree turn to head back for an emergency landing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 49], "content_span": [50, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067635-0002-0002", "contents": "1950 Fairfield-Suisun Boeing B-29 crash, Accident\nThe tower cleared him to land on runway 21L, and crash crews were alerted. The aircraft turned around but lost altitude, Steffes asked Johnson to help him with the controls, and Moore reported more trouble with number three engine. Steffes allowed the aircraft to drift to the left to avoid a nearby trailer park, and the aircraft struck the ground at 120\u00a0mph (100\u00a0kn; 190\u00a0km/h).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 49], "content_span": [50, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067635-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Fairfield-Suisun Boeing B-29 crash, Accident\nThe aircraft broke apart in the crash, and burst into flames, the entire nose section breaking off. The escape hatches there were jammed and would not open, but passengers and crew were able to exit through a hole in the nose caused by the crash, and through a window from which the commander and co-pilot removed the plexiglas. Travis was thrown clear from the wreckage but died from his injuries on his way to hospital. One other man in the forward section, Staff Sergeant Joseph Prachniak, was also fatally injured. All ten people in the rear compartment died in the crash. Only one of the twenty aircraft occupants, First Lieutenant C.E. Boyce, escaped uninjured.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 49], "content_span": [50, 717]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067635-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Fairfield-Suisun Boeing B-29 crash, Accident\nFour men were on duty in the base bake shop near where the forward section came to rest. They immediately ran to assist. They heard cries for help from the nose section, and helped to remove eight men from the wreckage. Firefighters arrived on the scene, as did military police and spectators. When .50 caliber ammunition started to cook off, Sergeant Lewis Siqueira, who was in charge of the bake shop detail, ordered his men out of the area. Sergeant Paul P. Ramoneda started to do so, but then turned back to help men still trapped in the burning aircraft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 49], "content_span": [50, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067635-0004-0001", "contents": "1950 Fairfield-Suisun Boeing B-29 crash, Accident\nLieutenant Colonel Raymond E. Holsey, the highest-ranking officer on the scene, feared the 5,000 pounds (2,300\u00a0kg) of explosives in the Mark 4 would explode. He ordered the large crowd of rescuers and onlookers to get clear, and told the firefighters to let it burn. The firefighters and onlookers did not comply.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 49], "content_span": [50, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067635-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Fairfield-Suisun Boeing B-29 crash, Accident\nAbout 20 minutes after the crash, the high explosives in the bomb detonated, spreading wreckage and burning fuel over a 2-square-mile (5.2\u00a0km2) area. The explosion blew a crater in the ground 20 yards (18\u00a0m) across and 6 feet (1.8\u00a0m) deep. An additional seven people who were not part of the crew died on the ground in the explosion, including Ramoneda and five firefighters. All of the base's fire trucks were destroyed, along with dozens of private vehicles in the nearby trailer park, which was set on fire. Some 49 people were admitted to the hospital, while another 124 were treated for minor injuries. Two women had their right foot amputated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 49], "content_span": [50, 699]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067635-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 Fairfield-Suisun Boeing B-29 crash, Aftermath\nThe crash investigators found that the number two propeller was indeed feathered. The cause of the problem was improper adjustment during maintenance on 22 July 1950, when all four propellers were changed. A problem was detected with number two during a test flight, and the ground crew was instructed to install new contactors. There was no paperwork indicating that this was done, and the entire maintenance crew was killed in the crash. The number three engine and propeller were not found. The generators were found to be working, so there was sufficient electrical power to retract the landing gear. No crew members recalled hearing the landing gear motors. The switches could not be checked due to the degree of destruction of the aircraft, but the fuse was intact. It was noted that there were only six seat belts for the ten men in the forward compartment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 50], "content_span": [51, 915]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067635-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 Fairfield-Suisun Boeing B-29 crash, Aftermath\nUSAF B-29 operating procedures were changed as a result of the investigation; aircraft with the same type of propellers as 44-87651 were required to be test-flown after corrective maintenance, and the number of persons permitted aboard an operational flight was reduced to 16, as it was felt that overloading and an inadequate number of safety belts in the accident aircraft contributed to the high loss of life.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 50], "content_span": [51, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067635-0008-0000", "contents": "1950 Fairfield-Suisun Boeing B-29 crash, Aftermath\nThe 19 bodies were taken to the McCune Garden Chapel in Vacaville. The Air Force announced that the aircraft was on a \"training mission\". Ramoneda was posthumously awarded the Soldier's Medal, the Purple Heart and the Cheney Award. Fairfield-Suisun Air Force Base was officially renamed Travis Air Force Base in honor of the dead general on 20 October 1950. A formal renaming ceremony was held on 20 April 1951, presided over by the Governor of California, Earl Warren, which was attended by Travis's family.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 50], "content_span": [51, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067635-0008-0001", "contents": "1950 Fairfield-Suisun Boeing B-29 crash, Aftermath\nOnly in 1994 was it revealed that an atomic bomb was involved, when an interview with Holsey was published posthumously. The Mark 4 nuclear bomb contained a depleted uranium tamper as well as radioactive material inside the electronics making up the arming and firing circuits. There was also some radium in the dials in the cockpit. A public health assessment found no detectable levels of uranium at the crash site.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 50], "content_span": [51, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067636-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Faroese general election\nGeneral elections were held in the Faroe Islands on 8 November 1950. The People's Party remained the largest party in the L\u00f8gting, winning 8 of the 25 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067637-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Fijian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Fiji in August 1950. Voting took place in most locations on 26 August, and in the Lau and Lomaiviti Islands between 21 and 28 August.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067637-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Fijian general election, Electoral system\nThe Legislative Council consisted of 32 members, including 16 'official' members who were civil servants, fifteen 'unofficial' members (five Europeans, five Fijians and five Indo-Fijians), and the Governor sitting as President of the Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 46], "content_span": [47, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067637-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Fijian general election, Electoral system\nFor Europeans and Indo-Fijians, three of the five representatives were elected from single-member constituencies, with the other two appointed by the Governor. All five Fijian members were appointed from a list of candidates submitted by the Great Council of Chiefs; usually ten names were submitted, but as there was a tie for tenth place in the vote carried out by the Council of Chiefs in July, a list of eleven was put forward.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 46], "content_span": [47, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067637-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Fijian general election, Electoral system\nVoting for Europeans remained restricted to men aged 21 or over who had been born to European parents (or a European father and was able to read, speak and write English), who were British subjects and had been continuously resident in Fiji for 12 months, and who either owned at least \u00a320 of freehold or leasehold property or had an annual income of at least \u00a3120. For Indo-Fijians, eligibility was also restricted to men aged 21 or over.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 46], "content_span": [47, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067637-0003-0001", "contents": "1950 Fijian general election, Electoral system\nThey had to be a British subject or from British India, have lived continuously in the Fiji for at least two years, be able to read or write in English, Gujarati, Gurmukhi,  Hindi, Tamil, Telegu or Urdu, and for the previous six months, have either owned property with an annual value of five years, had a net annual cash income of at least \u00a375, or held a Government or municipal licence worth at least \u00a35 annually.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 46], "content_span": [47, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067637-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Fijian general election, Results\nIn the Eastern European constituency, Harold Brockett Gibson defeated the incumbent Fred Archibald by eleven votes, whilst in the Eastern Indian constituency James Madhavan beat J. B. Tularam by a margin of 368 votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067637-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Fijian general election, Aftermath\nEdward Cakobau resigned from the Council in 1952 and was replaced by Tiale Vuiyasawa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 39], "content_span": [40, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067638-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Finnish presidential election\nTwo-stage presidential elections were held in Finland in 1950, the first time the public had been involved in a presidential election since 1937 as three non-popular elections had taken place in 1940, 1943 and 1946. On 16 and 17 January the public elected presidential electors to an electoral college. They in turn elected the President. The result was a victory for Juho Kusti Paasikivi, who won on the first ballot. The turnout for the popular vote was 63.8%. President Paasikivi was at first reluctant to seek re-election, at least in regular presidential elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 605]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067638-0000-0001", "contents": "1950 Finnish presidential election\nHe considered asking the Finnish Parliament to re-elect him through another emergency law. Former President St\u00e5hlberg, who acted as his informal advisor, persuaded him to seek re-election through normal means when he bluntly told Paasikivi:  \"If the Finnish people would not bother to elect a President every six years, they truly would not deserve an independent and democratic republic.\" Paasikivi conducted a passive, \"front-porch\" style campaign, making few speeches. By contrast, the Agrarian presidential candidate, Urho Kekkonen, spoke in about 130 election meetings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067638-0000-0002", "contents": "1950 Finnish presidential election\nThe Communists claimed that Paasikivi had made mistakes in his foreign policy and had not truly pursued a peaceful and friendly foreign policy towards the Soviet Union. The Agrarians criticized Paasikivi more subtly and indirectly, referring to his advanced age (79 years), and speaking anecdotally about aged masters of farmhouses, who had not realized in time that they should have surrendered their houses' leadership to their sons. Kekkonen claimed that the incumbent Social Democratic minority government of Prime Minister K.A. Fagerholm had neglected the Finnish farmers and the unemployed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 631]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067638-0000-0003", "contents": "1950 Finnish presidential election\nKekkonen also championed a non-partisan democracy that would be neither a social democracy nor a people's democracy. The Communists hoped that their presidential candidate, former Prime Minister Mauno Pekkala, would draw votes away from the Social Democrats (who quietly supported Paasikivi), because Pekkala was a former Social Democrat. The Agrarians lost over four per cent of their share of the vote compared to the 1948 parliamentary elections. This loss ensured Paasikivi's re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067638-0000-0004", "contents": "1950 Finnish presidential election\nOtherwise Kekkonen could have been narrowly elected President - provided that all the Communist and People's Democratic presidential electors would also have voted for him (see, for example, Lauri Haataja, \"A Reconstructing Finland\" (J\u00e4lleenrakentava Suomi), pgs. 745, 799-801, 803 in Seppo Zetterberg et al., eds., A Small Giant of the Finnish History / Suomen historian pikkuj\u00e4ttil\u00e4inen. Helsinki:  WSOY, 2003;  Pentti Virrankoski, A History of Finland / Suomen historia, volumes 1&2. Helsinki:  Finnish Literature Society (Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura), 2009, pgs. 947 -948;  Tuomo Polvinen, J.K. Paasikivi - A Statesman's Life Work / Valtiomiehen el\u00e4m\u00e4nty\u00f6 1948-1956, volume 5. Helsinki:  WSOY, 2003).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 744]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067639-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Five Nations Championship\nThe 1950 Five Nations Championship was the twenty-first series of the rugby union Five Nations Championship. Including the previous incarnations as the Home Nations and Five Nations, this was the fifty-sixth series of the northern hemisphere rugby union championship. Ten matches were played between 14 January and 25 March. It was contested by England, France, Ireland, Scotland and Wales. Wales won his 11th title, and also the Grand Slam and the Triple Crown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 493]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067640-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Florida A&M Rattlers football team\nThe 1950 Florida A&M Rattlers football team was an American football team that represented Florida A&M University as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SIAC) during the 1950 college football season. In their sixth season under head coach Jake Gaither, the Rattlers compiled an 8\u20131\u20131 record. The team's sole loss was to Wilberforce State in the Orange Blossom Classic. The team played its home games at Bragg Stadium in Tallahassee, Florida.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067640-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Florida A&M Rattlers football team\nThe team was recognized as the black college national co-champion. The team played a scoreless tie with Ace Mumford's national co-champion 1950 Southern Jaguars football team. In the final Dickinson rankings, three undefeated black colleges received the following point totals: Florida A&M (28.76); Southern (28.50); and Maryland State (28.00). However, Florida A&M lost to Wilberforce State in the Orange Blossom Classic, after the final Dickinson rankings were released.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067641-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Florida Gators football team\nThe 1950 Florida Gators football team represented the University of Florida during the 1950 college football season. The season was Bob Woodruff's first of ten as the new head coach of the Florida Gators football team. Woodruff was a former college football player and assistant for coach Robert Neyland's Tennessee Volunteers, who made his name as an up-and-coming young head coach leading the Baylor Bears for three seasons in the late 1940s. Like Neyland, Woodruff emphasized stout defense, the kicking game and a ball control offense.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067641-0000-0001", "contents": "1950 Florida Gators football team\nIn Woodruff's first season of 1950, the Gators offense, led by quarterback Haywood Sullivan and offensive coordinator Frank Broyles, posted record numbers. Sullivan was the first sophomore in SEC history to throw for more than 1,000 yards in a season. He set nine school records. The highlights of the season included two Southeastern Conference (SEC) victories over the Auburn Tigers (27\u20137) and the thirteenth-ranked Vanderbilt Commodores (31\u201327)\u2014the first season since 1940 in which the Gators won two or more SEC games. The Gators' twentieth ranking after the Vanderbilt game marked their first-ever appearance in the top twenty of the weekly Associated Press Poll. Woodruff's 1950 Florida Gators finished 5\u20135 overall and 2\u20134 in the SEC, placing tenth among twelve conference teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 819]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067641-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Florida Gators football team\nAlso of note, lights were installed at Florida Field during the summer of 1950, and the Gators opened the season with their first home night game, a 7\u20133 win over The Citadel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067642-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Florida State Seminoles football team\nThe 1950 Florida State Seminoles football team represented Florida State University in the 1950 college football season. Led by third-year head coach Don Veller, Florida State finished the season with a record of 8\u20130. It was the first undefeated season for the program. The second game, a victory against Randolph\u2013Macon, was the first played at Doak Campbell Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067643-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Football Championship of the Ukrainian SSR\nThe 1950 Football Championship of UkrSSR were part of the 1950 Soviet republican football competitions in the Soviet Ukraine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067644-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Fordham Rams football team\nThe 1950 Fordham Rams football team represented Fordham University during the 1950 college football season. The Rams went 8\u20131 and scored 174 points while their defense allowed 123 points. Despite an 8-1 record, Fordham finished the season unranked and were left out of any postseason play, although they did get strong consideration from the Gator Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067644-0000-0001", "contents": "1950 Fordham Rams football team\nUltimately, a poor strength of schedule\u2014Fordham's opponents combined for a dismal 28\u201353\u20134 mark\u2013in what was a weak year for the entire Eastern region and a belief that Fordham would not travel well\u2014Fordham only averaged about 10,000 fans per home game\u2014kept them home during bowl season. Still, their .889 win percentage (the 1937 team had a .933 win percentage while going 7\u20130\u20131) is tied for second best in school history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067645-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Formula One season\nThe 1950 Formula One season was the fourth season of the FIA's Formula One motor racing. It featured the inaugural FIA World Championship of Drivers which commenced on 13 May and ended on 3 September, as well as a number of non-championship races. The championship consisted of six Grand Prix races, each held in Europe and open to Formula One cars, plus the Indianapolis 500, which was run to AAA National Championship regulations. Giuseppe Farina won the championship from Juan Manuel Fangio and Luigi Fagioli.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 536]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067645-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Formula One season, Championship summary\nThe inaugural World Championship of Drivers saw Alfa Romeo dominate with their supercharged 158, a well-developed pre-war design which debuted in 1938; this car won all six championship Grands Prix in 1950. All of the Formula One regulated races in the championship were run in Europe. The Indianapolis 500 (which, unlike all the other races, was staged on an oval) was run to American AAA regulations, not to FIA Formula One regulations and none of the regular drivers who competed in Europe competed in the 500, and vice versa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 45], "content_span": [46, 575]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067645-0001-0001", "contents": "1950 Formula One season, Championship summary\nAlfa Romeo drivers consequently dominated the championship with Italian Giuseppe \"Nino\" Farina edging out Argentine teammate Juan Manuel Fangio by virtue of his fourth place in Belgium. Although the Indianapolis 500, which ran to different regulations, was included in the World Championship each year from 1950 to 1960, it attracted very little European participation and, conversely, very few American Indianapolis drivers entered any Grands Prix.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 45], "content_span": [46, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067645-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Formula One season, Championship summary\nChampionship points were awarded to the top five finishers in each race on an 8\u20136\u20134\u20133\u20132 basis, and 1 point was awarded for the fastest lap of each race. Points for shared drives were divided equally between the drivers, regardless of how many laps each driver completed during the race. Only the best four results from the seven races could be retained by each driver for World Championship classification.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 45], "content_span": [46, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067645-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Formula One season, Championship summary, Race 1: Britain\nThe Alfa Romeo team dominated the British Grand Prix at the fast Silverstone circuit in England, locking out the four-car front row of the grid. With King George VI in attendance, Giuseppe Farina won the race from pole position, also setting the fastest lap. The podium was completed by his teammates Luigi Fagioli and Reg Parnell, while the remaining Alfa driver, Juan Manuel Fangio, was forced to retire after experiencing problems with his engine. The final points scorers were the works Talbot-Lagos of Yves Giraud-Cabantous and Louis Rosier, both two laps behind the leaders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 62], "content_span": [63, 643]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067645-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Formula One season, Championship summary, Race 2: Monaco\nScuderia Ferrari made their World Championship debut around the streets of Monaco. Their leading drivers, Luigi Villoresi and Alberto Ascari had to settle for the third row of the grid, however, while the Alfa Romeos of Fangio and Farina again started from the front row, alongside the privateer Maserati of Jos\u00e9 Froil\u00e1n Gonz\u00e1lez. Polesitter Fangio took a comfortable victory, also setting the race's fastest lap, a whole lap ahead of Ascari, with the third-placed Louis Chiron a further lap back in the works Maserati.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 61], "content_span": [62, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067645-0004-0001", "contents": "1950 Formula One season, Championship summary, Race 2: Monaco\nA first-lap accident, caused by the damp track, had eliminated nine of the nineteen starters\u2014including Farina and Fagioli\u2014while Gonz\u00e1lez, who had incurred damage in the pile-up, retired on the following lap. Villoresi, although delayed by the accident, had made his way through the field to second place, but was forced to retire with an axle problem. Fangio's win brought him level with Farina in the points standings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 61], "content_span": [62, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067645-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Formula One season, Championship summary, Race 3: Indianapolis 500\nThe Indianapolis 500, the third round of the inaugural World Championship of Drivers held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway in Indianapolis, Indiana in the United States was won by the Kurtis Kraft-Offenhauser of Johnnie Parsons, ahead of the Deidt-Offenhausers of Bill Holland and Mauri Rose. The race was stopped after 138 of the scheduled 200 laps due to rain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 71], "content_span": [72, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067645-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 Formula One season, Championship summary, Race 4: Switzerland\nAlfa Romeo's dominance continued when the World Championship returned to Europe for the Swiss Grand Prix at the tree-lined Bremgarten circuit just outside Bern. Fangio, Farina and Fagioli locked out the front row of the grid for Alfa, while the Ferraris of Villoresi and Ascari started from the second row. Fangio was the initial leader, starting from pole position, but he was passed by Farina on lap seven. Ascari and Villoresi were both able to compete with the third Alfa of Fagioli in the early stages, although both had retired by the ten-lap mark.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 66], "content_span": [67, 621]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067645-0006-0001", "contents": "1950 Formula One season, Championship summary, Race 4: Switzerland\nFarina took the win and the fastest lap, finishing just ahead of Fagioli, while Rosier, in third place as a result of Fangio's retirement, took Talbot-Lago's first podium. Farina's second win of the season put him six points clear of the consistent Fagioli, while Fangio was a further three points behind, having only scored points in one race (in Monaco, where he won).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 66], "content_span": [67, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067645-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 Formula One season, Championship summary, Race 5: Belgium\nAlfa Romeo took their third front row lockout of the season at the Belgian Grand Prix at the very fast 8.7 mile (14.1\u00a0km) Spa-Francorchamps circuit, while the Ferrari of Villoresi shared the second row with the privateer Talbot-Lago of Raymond Sommer. The Alfas were once again untouchable at the start of the race, but when they stopped for fuel, Sommer emerged as an unlikely race leader. His lead, however, was short-lived and he was forced to retire when his engine blew up. Fangio ultimately took the victory, ahead of Fagioli, who again finished second.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 62], "content_span": [63, 622]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067645-0007-0001", "contents": "1950 Formula One season, Championship summary, Race 5: Belgium\nRosier again made the podium in his Talbot-Lago. He had been able to pass the polesitter Farina when the Italian picked up transmission problems towards the end of the race. It was not all bad for Farina, however, as he picked up the point for fastest lap. Both Fagioli and Fangio closed the gap to Farina in the points standings\u2014Fagioli was just four points adrift, while Fangio was a further point behind.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 62], "content_span": [63, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067645-0008-0000", "contents": "1950 Formula One season, Championship summary, Race 6: France\nAt Reims-Gueux, Alfa Romeo were largely unchallenged at the French Grand Prix at the very fast Reims-Gueux circuit, due to the withdrawal of the works Ferraris of Ascari and Villoresi. The Alfas produced yet another lockout of the front row of the grid, with Fangio taking pole for the third time in six races. The power of the Alfas suited this public road circuit- made up entirely of long straights, and Farina, starting from second, led for the first quarter of the race before fuel problems put him to the back of the field.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 61], "content_span": [62, 591]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067645-0008-0001", "contents": "1950 Formula One season, Championship summary, Race 6: France\nHe fought his way back to third before he was forced to retire (he was ultimately classified seventh). Fangio picked up the fastest lap on his way to his second consecutive victory. Fagioli finished second for the fourth time out of five starts, while Peter Whitehead, in a privateer Ferrari, took a maiden podium in his first start of the season. Fangio took the championship lead as a result of his victory. Fagioli remained in second, while Farina dropped to third, four points behind his Argentinian teammate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 61], "content_span": [62, 575]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067645-0009-0000", "contents": "1950 Formula One season, Championship summary, Race 7: Italy\nThe final championship round of the season was the Italian Grand Prix at the Monza Autodrome near Milan, and all three of the regular Alfa Romeo drivers were in contention for the title. If Fangio finished first or second, he would win the title, regardless of what his teammates achieved. If Farina failed to score at least five points, he would be unable to take the title. Fagioli's only chance of becoming World Champion was if he won the race and set the fastest lap; even then he would need Farina to finish no higher than third, and Fangio would have to score no points at all.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 60], "content_span": [61, 645]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067645-0010-0000", "contents": "1950 Formula One season, Championship summary, Race 7: Italy\nFangio again took pole position, but Alfa Romeo could not make it a fifth front row lockout of the season, as Ascari qualified second for Ferrari. Farina started from third, while Consalvo Sanesi completed the front row in an additional Alfa Romeo. Fagioli could only manage fifth on the grid, alongside the fifth Alfa of Piero Taruffi, the second Ferrari of Dorino Serafini, and Sommer in a Talbot-Lago. Farina took the lead early on, with Ascari and Fangio not far behind. Ascari briefly held the lead, but was forced to retire when his engine overheated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 60], "content_span": [61, 618]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067645-0010-0001", "contents": "1950 Formula One season, Championship summary, Race 7: Italy\nTwo laps later, problems with his gearbox meant that Fangio also retired. Taruffi's car, which was now running in second, was taken over by Fangio, although the Argentinian was forced to retire for the second time in the race, this time with engine problems. Ascari took over Serafini's car and ultimately finished second behind Farina, whose victory clinched the title by taking him three points clear of Fangio. Fagioli finished third in the race, and ended up in the same position in the Drivers' Championship standings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 60], "content_span": [61, 584]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067645-0011-0000", "contents": "1950 Formula One season, Championship review\nIn this first World Championship of Drivers, 14 teams (4 works and 10 independent) participated, along with a number of privately entered cars, in the six European Grands Prix. Only US teams, constructors and drivers participated in the Indianapolis 500. The chassis, engine and car numbers varied from race to race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067645-0012-0000", "contents": "1950 Formula One season, Teams and drivers\nThe following teams and drivers competed in the 1950 FIA World Championship of Drivers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 42], "content_span": [43, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067645-0013-0000", "contents": "1950 Formula One season, World Championship of Drivers standings\nPoints were awarded on an 8\u20136\u20134\u20133\u20132 basis to the first five finishers at each Grand Prix, with an additional point awarded for setting the fastest lap. Only the best four results counted towards the championship. Numbers without parentheses are championship points; numbers in parentheses are total points scored.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 64], "content_span": [65, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067645-0014-0000", "contents": "1950 Formula One season, Non-championship races\nThe following Formula One races, which did not count towards the World Championship of Drivers, were also held in 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 47], "content_span": [48, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition\nThe 1950 French Annapurna expedition, led by Maurice Herzog, reached the summit of Annapurna I at 8,091 metres (26,545\u00a0ft), the highest peak in the Annapurna Massif. The mountain is in Nepal and the government had given permission for the expedition, the first time it had permitted mountaineering in over a century. After failing to climb Dhaulagiri I at 8,167 metres (26,795\u00a0ft), the higher peak nearby to the west, the team attempted Annapurna with Herzog and Louis Lachenal, reaching the summit on 3 June 1950. It was only with considerable help from their team that they were able to return alive, though with severe injuries following frostbite.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 684]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition\nAnnapurna became the highest mountain to have been ascended to its summit, exceeding that achieved by the 1936 expedition to Nanda Devi, and the mountain was the first eight-thousander to be climbed. The feat was a great achievement for French mountaineering and caught the public imagination with front-page coverage in a best-selling issue of Paris Match. Herzog wrote a best-selling book Annapurna full of vivid descriptions of heroic endeavour and anguished suffering \u2013 but which much later was criticised for being too self-serving.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 570]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Background, Himalayan mountaineering after World War II\nAnnapurna is in the Eastern Himalaya in Nepal, and no one had attempted to climb the mountain before 1950. All pre\u2013World War II Himalayan mountaineering expeditions had avoided Nepal and had travelled via Tibet or India, but in 1949, alarmed that the communists seemed to be gaining control in China, Tibet expelled all Chinese officials and closed its borders to foreigners. In October 1950 Tibet was occupied by the People's Republic of China and its borders remained closed indefinitely.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 89], "content_span": [90, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Background, Himalayan mountaineering after World War II\nFor over one hundred years Nepal, ruled by the Rana dynasty, had not allowed explorers or mountaineers into the country. However, by 1946 a possible communist-sponsored revolution was even less welcome than Western influence so Nepal opened diplomatic discussions with the United States. Privately hoping to be able to use Nepal as a Cold War launching point for missiles, the United States welcomed the new situation. Scientific expeditions became permitted but two requests in 1948 from Switzerland and Britain for purely mountaineering expeditions were refused. A year later mountaineers were allowed if they were accompanying scientific travellers. Nepal first gave permission for a full mountaineering expedition for a French attempt in 1950 on Dhaulagiri or Annapurna.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 89], "content_span": [90, 864]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Background, French mountaineering\nAlpine mountaineering was immensely popular in France \u2013 the F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Fran\u00e7aise des clubs alpins et de montagne had 31,000 members in 1950 \u2013 and the top mountaineers were second only to footballers in their celebrity. Although French mountaineers included some of the leading alpinists in the world, they had not ventured much beyond the Alps whereas their British counterparts, with little truly mountainous terrain of their own and less skill on rock faces, had been reconnoitring Himalaya via an India that was no longer British. After the travails of war a mountaineering success would be good for the public mood.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 67], "content_span": [68, 687]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Planning the expedition\nIn 1949 the French Alpine Club requested permission from the Nepalese government to carry out a major expedition. The timing turned out to be ideal, and they were given permission to attempt to climb either Dhaulagiri or Annapurna in remote northwestern Nepal. The two mountain ranges, each consisting of many high peaks, are on each side of the great Kali Gandaki Gorge \u2013 Dhaulagiri\u00a0I and Annapurna\u00a0I, the highest in each range, are over 8,000 metres (26,000\u00a0ft) and there had been no previous attempts to climb these mountains.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 57], "content_span": [58, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0005-0001", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Planning the expedition\nThe region had only been casually explored previously and the mountain heights had been determined by surveyors with precision theodolites based far away in India. Other nations felt that they should have been given priority but Nepal had favoured France. In Britain there had been the hope that international rivalry would cease after the war but this was not the view of the French government (who were providing one third of the resources) or of the banking and industrial sponsors, so the enterprise was to be strictly French.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 57], "content_span": [58, 588]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Planning the expedition\nLucien Devies, the most influential person in French mountaineering, was responsible for gathering together a team and he chose Maurice Herzog, an experienced amateur climber, to be the leader of the expedition. Accompanying him were to be three younger Chamonix professional mountain guides, Louis Lachenal, Lionel Terray and Gaston R\u00e9buffat, and two amateurs Jean Couzy and Marcel Schatz. The doctor was Jacques Oudot and the interpreter and transport officer Francis de Noyelle, a diplomat. The only person who had previously been to the Himalaya was Marcel Ichac who was the expedition's photographer and cinematographer. The three mountain guides would have preferred an international approach whereas Herzog welcomed climbing for national prestige. None were paid, not even the professional guides. The Maharajah of Nepal appointed G.B. Rana to accompany the expedition for local liaison, translation and general organisation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 57], "content_span": [58, 990]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Planning the expedition\nTwo days before the expedition departed, Devies gathered the French team together and required them to swear an oath that they would obey their leader in everything.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 57], "content_span": [58, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0008-0000", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Embarking on expedition and reconnaissance, Departure and march-in\nOn 30 March 1950 the French Annapurna Expedition flew on an Air France DC-4 from Paris to New Delhi (with several refuelling stops). They took 3.5 tons of supplies which included ropes and outer clothing of nylon, down-filled jackets and felt-lined leather boots with rubber soles \u2013 all innovative equipment. Most of their food was to be bought locally and they had decided not to take bottled oxygen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 100], "content_span": [101, 502]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0008-0001", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Embarking on expedition and reconnaissance, Departure and march-in\nAnother aircraft took them to Lucknow where they met Ang Tharkay, the expedition's highly experienced sirdar A train took them to Nautanwa where they met up with the other sherpas and entered Nepal to travel on by truck through jungle and then grassy fields to Butwal where the road ended. On the march-in Lachenal and Terray would keep going on ahead as a scouting party while the rest followed with 150 porters carrying the supplies on their backs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 100], "content_span": [101, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0008-0002", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Embarking on expedition and reconnaissance, Departure and march-in\nPorters were paid according to the weight of their loads and they scorned the work they were being offered where the packs averaged about 40 kilograms (88\u00a0lb). However, they were willing to accept double loads of 80 kilograms (180\u00a0lb). Terray estimated the heaviest porter would not have had a body weight of over 80 kilograms.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 100], "content_span": [101, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0009-0000", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Embarking on expedition and reconnaissance, Reconnaissance of region\nDhaulagiri and Annapurna are 34 kilometres (21 miles) apart on either side of the gorge of the Kali Gandaki river, a tributary of the Ganges. As the expedition approached from the south Dhaulagiri was clearly visible as a white pyramid to the west whereas Annapurna to the east was hidden behind the Nilgiri mountains. On first seeing Dhaulagiri on 17 April the immediate impression was that it was unclimbable.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 102], "content_span": [103, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0009-0001", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Embarking on expedition and reconnaissance, Reconnaissance of region\nThey could not see Annapurna but there was a break in the Nilgiris where the Miristi Kola flows into the Kali Gandaki through a deep and narrow gorge with an impenetrable entrance. The 1920s Survey of India map they were using (see left-hand Annapurna map below) showed a path leading up the gorge and over \"Tilicho Pass\" that might provide a route to the north face of Annapurna. However, none of the local inhabitants they spoke to knew of a path or had any further information.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 102], "content_span": [103, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0009-0002", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Embarking on expedition and reconnaissance, Reconnaissance of region\nContinuing up the Kali Gandaki Gorge the team reached the market town of Tukusha at 2,600 metres (8,500\u00a0ft) on 21 April. The people lived there in primitive conditions \u2013 Terray described the place as having \"biblical charm\". Couzy climbed a 4,000-metre (13,000\u00a0ft) Nilgiri peak to the east of Tukusha to inspect the eastern Dhaulagiri terrain and he concluded the southeast ridge was \"absolutely frightful\". Even so, Herzog decided that they should first focus on Dhaulagiri, the higher mountain, since they would only have to investigate possible routes to the summit and would not have to reconnoitre to find the mountain itself.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 102], "content_span": [103, 734]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0010-0000", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Embarking on expedition and reconnaissance, Dhaulagiri exploration\nStarting from Tukusha, the climbers Lachenal and R\u00e9buffat headed for an initial exploration of Dhaulagiri's eastern glacier, while Herzog, Terray and Ichac went to the north where they found their 1920s map was seriously defective (see above). Unlike Annapurna, Dhaulagiri is well separated from its neighbouring peaks and it is steep on all sides. They found an unmapped region they called the \"Hidden Valley\" but from there they were unable to see the mountain at all.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 100], "content_span": [101, 571]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0010-0001", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Embarking on expedition and reconnaissance, Dhaulagiri exploration\nOver the next two weeks small groups examined the southeast and northeast ridges while Terray and Oudot reached a 5,300-metre (17,500\u00a0ft) pass (called French Pass) beyond the Hidden Valley but, although they were able to see Dhaulagiri, they decided the north face could not be climbed. They were also able to see across to Annapurna in the distance where there were steep cliffs to the south but the northern profile did not look to be more than 35\u00b0.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 100], "content_span": [101, 552]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0011-0000", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Embarking on expedition and reconnaissance, Annapurna exploration\nDuring this Dhaulagiri reconnaissance, Schatz, Couzy, Oudot and Ang Tharkay had been back south to explore the deep canyon of the Miristi Kola river. When they had previously passed that river on the march-in it seemed to have a greater flow than would be likely for the limited drainage basin shown on the map. To avoid the entrance to the gorge, the party climbed to the ridge of the Nilgiris from where they could see the ravine below was indeed impassable.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 99], "content_span": [100, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0011-0001", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Embarking on expedition and reconnaissance, Annapurna exploration\nHowever, traversing beside the ridge by following a slight path marked with cairns, they reached a point from which Schatz and Couzy were able to descend 910 metres (3,000\u00a0ft) to the river and from there they reached the base of Annapurna's northwest spur. They could not tell whether the spur, or the ice fields on either side of it, might provide a feasible route to the summit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 99], "content_span": [100, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0012-0000", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Embarking on expedition and reconnaissance, Annapurna exploration\nWith everyone back in Tukusha and with poor prospects of attaining either summit from the east, west or south, Herzog acted on the advice of a Buddhist lama that they should travel towards Muktinath on a route to the north and then east.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 99], "content_span": [100, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0012-0001", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Embarking on expedition and reconnaissance, Annapurna exploration\nHoping they might be able to approach \"Tilicho Pass\" from the east along the track marked on their map, R\u00e9buffat, Ichac and Herzog set off on 8 May crossing two passes north of a peak (now called Tilicho Peak) at each end of a frozen ice lake and discovering an unmapped wall of mountains to their south continuing beyond the lake and still blocking any view of Annapurna. This part of the Nilgiri range looping right round the north of Annapurna they called the \"Great Barrier\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 99], "content_span": [100, 579]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0012-0002", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Embarking on expedition and reconnaissance, Annapurna exploration\nIchac and Ang Tharkay stayed back to do accurate surveying and to climb north to a point at about 6,200 metres (20,300\u00a0ft) on a ridge, hoping the see the mountain over the Great Barrier \u2013 but everywhere was shrouded in mist. The main party reached the village of Manangbhot and explored slightly further before returning to Tukucha on the road via Muktinath. The expedition had been unable even to see Annapurna from the north, let alone discover a route to it. The map they had was so inaccurate that it was useless.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 99], "content_span": [100, 617]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0013-0000", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Embarking on expedition and reconnaissance, Annapurna exploration\nWith the start of the monsoon predicted for the first week in June, back in Tukusha on 14 May they held a meeting to discuss which mountain to attempt and along which particular route. Terray wrote: \"In full awareness of his terrible responsibility Maurice chose the more reasonable but uncertain course: we would attempt Annapurna.\" The route would be the one reconnoitered by Schatz and Couzy's team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 99], "content_span": [100, 502]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0014-0000", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Approach to Annapurna and summit, Finding a location for base camp\nMost of the party set out for the Miristi Kola as an advance reconnaissance group leaving most of the porters to bring the rest of stores and equipment later. They took with them the medical supplies deemed necessary by Oudot including Maxiton (the equivalent amphetamine preparation in Britain was Benzedrine). In three separate groups they crossed the Nilgiri range, traversed east above the Miristi Kola, and descended the gorge. Crossing the river they set up a base camp at the foot of a glacier below Annapurna's northwest spur. Two teams moved up the spur, a feat of considerable technical climbing, but even after repeated attempts over five days they were unable to get higher than about 6,000 metres (20,000\u00a0ft).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 100], "content_span": [101, 823]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0015-0000", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Approach to Annapurna and summit, Finding a location for base camp\nMeantime Lachenal and R\u00e9buffat on their own initiative had moved round the foot of the spur to below Annapurna's north face, to a point they decided gave the best prospects for success. They sent a note back to the main party saying there was a likely route up the side of the north face glacier leading to the plateau above. However, they could see no higher. Fortunately Terray and Herzog had been able to see the plateau from their high point on the northwest spur and could tell the route across the plateau to the top was not technically difficult.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 100], "content_span": [101, 654]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0015-0001", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Approach to Annapurna and summit, Finding a location for base camp\nCompared with the northwest spur, the north face of Annapurna is at a relatively low angle and does not require rock climbing skills, but the risk of avalanches makes it extremely dangerous. Annapurna may well be the most dangerous 8,000-metre peak \u2013 as of 2000 for 38 successful ascents there had been 57 deaths.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 100], "content_span": [101, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0016-0000", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Approach to Annapurna and summit, Intermediate camps\nThe party moved their base camp to the furthest point that could be reached by porters in the direction of the newly identified starting point \u2013 to the right bank of the North Annapurna glacier at 4,400 metres (14,500\u00a0ft) while Couzy was left to organise moving the supplies up. Camp I was set up on the glacier at 5,110 metres (16,750\u00a0ft) with a relatively gentle slope up to the mountain but with a considerable risk of avalanches. From here on the first sunny afternoon in weeks they could survey the mountain easily.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 86], "content_span": [87, 607]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0016-0001", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Approach to Annapurna and summit, Intermediate camps\nHerzog decided that the expedition's support should now move from Tukucha and so sent Sarki back with the order. Camp II was in the middle of a plateau above the north Annapurna glacier, fairly well sheltered from avalanches. Each morning brought 0.30 metres (1\u00a0ft) or more of snow \u2013 making for slow progress \u2013 but after crossing an avalanche corridor they were able to establish Camp III among some seracs on the far side of the glacier and by 28 May they had established Camp IV below a curving cliff of ice that they called the \"Sickle\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 86], "content_span": [87, 627]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0016-0002", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Approach to Annapurna and summit, Intermediate camps\nTerray was amazed by the energy he and the team showed, considering how long they had been at high altitude and how little they had eaten. He wondered if this was due to the drugs Oudot had insisted on them taking regularly. On 25 May the porters arrived at Base Camp with supplies and equipment to support what would turn out to be a very fast, alpine-style assault on the mountain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 86], "content_span": [87, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0017-0000", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Approach to Annapurna and summit, Intermediate camps\nHerzog's plan had been that he and Terray should rest before attempting the summit but the other four climbers became too exhausted to do their part of a carry to Camp IV so Terray (disobeying the orders he had received to go down from Camp III to Camp II) climbed with R\u00e9buffat and a team of sherpas to carry up these loads.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 86], "content_span": [87, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0017-0001", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Approach to Annapurna and summit, Intermediate camps\nThis unselfish act by Terray led to Herzog (who had acclimatised the best) and Lachenal, accompanied by Ang Tharkay and Sarki, being the ones who set out from Camp II on 31 May for an attempt on the summit. Next day Herzog's team moved Camp IV to a better site at the top of the Sickle cliff (Camp IVA) and then on 2 June they climbed a gully through the Sickle to establish Camp V, their assault camp, on the snow fields above. With the monsoon now forecast for 5 June, time was extremely tight. Herzog offered Ang Tharkay and Sarki the opportunity to accompany them to the summit but they turned down what would have been a great honour. The two sherpas headed back to Camp IVA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 86], "content_span": [87, 767]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0018-0000", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Approach to Annapurna and summit, Reaching the summit\nNot understanding that being at high altitude without additional oxygen induces apathy, in a severe gale the climbers spent the night without eating anything or sleeping, and in the morning they did not bother lighting their stove to make hot drinks. At 06:00 it was no longer snowing and they ascended farther. Finding that their boots were proving to be inadequately insulated, Lachenal, fearing losing his feet to frostbite, contemplated going down. He asked Herzog what he would do if he did turn back and Herzog replied that he would go on up alone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 87], "content_span": [88, 642]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0018-0001", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Approach to Annapurna and summit, Reaching the summit\nLachenal decided to continue on with Herzog. A last couloir led them to the summit which they reached at 14:00 on 3 June 1950. Herzog estimated the height as 8,075 metres (26,493\u00a0ft) \u2013 his altimeter read 8,500 metres (27,900\u00a0ft). They had climbed the highest summit ever reached, the first eight-thousander, on their first attempt on a mountain that had never before been explored. Herzog, writing in his characteristically idealistic way, was ecstatic: \"Never have I felt happiness like this, so intense and pure.\" On the other hand, Lachenal only felt \"a painful sense of emptiness\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 87], "content_span": [88, 673]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0019-0000", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Approach to Annapurna and summit, Reaching the summit\nLachenal was anxious to go down as soon as possible but he obliged Herzog by photographing his leader holding the Tricolour on the summit and then a pennant from Kl\u00e9ber, his sponsoring employer. After about an hour on the summit, not waiting for Herzog in his euphoric state to load another roll of film, Lachenal set off back down at a furious pace. Herzog, swallowing the last of his food \u2013 from a nearly empty tube of condensed milk \u2013 threw the tube down on the summit as that was the only memorial he could leave and he trailed behind Lachenal into a gathering storm.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 87], "content_span": [88, 659]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0020-0000", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Descent to Base Camp\nAt some stage Herzog took his gloves off and laid them down to open his pack. Catastrophically they slid away down the mountain so he had to continue bare-handed, not thinking to use the spare socks he had with him. At Camp V he was met by Terray and R\u00e9buffat who had brought up a second tent hoping to make their own summit attempt the next day and who were horrified at the state of Herzog's frostbitten hands. Lachenal was missing but Herzog, unable to think clearly, said he would be arriving soon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 54], "content_span": [55, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0020-0001", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Descent to Base Camp\nLater they heard Lachenal calling for help \u2013 he had taken a long fall to below the camp, had lost his ice axe and a crampon, and his feet were seriously frostbitten. Terray scrambled down to him and he pleaded to be taken down to Camp II and medical help. At last Terray persuaded him to go back up to Camp V, the only responsible decision. Terray plied everyone with hot drinks through the night and whipped Lachenal's toes with the end of a rope for hours to try and restore the blood circulation \u2013 in the other tent R\u00e9buffat did likewise for Herzog's fingers and toes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 54], "content_span": [55, 626]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0021-0000", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Descent to Base Camp\nNext morning Lachenal's feet would not fit into his boots so Terray gave him his larger ones and then slit the uppers of Lachenal's so he could wear them himself. Descending with the storm still raging they could not find Camp IVA anywhere and they were desperate to avoid a bivouac out in the open. While they were frantically trying to dig a snow hole Lachenal fell through some snow covering a crevasse.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 54], "content_span": [55, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0021-0001", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Descent to Base Camp\nFortunately, he landed in a snow cave that could provide some slight shelter for them all in the night though they had no food or water and only one sleeping bag. In the night snow poured in on them burying their boots and cameras. Next morning they took a long time to find their boots but their cameras, with the only photographs taken at the summit, could not be found. They climbed out of the crevasse but by now Terray and R\u00e9buffat were snowblind so the pair crippled with frostbite led the blind pair slowly down until by extreme good fortune they were met by Schatz who guided them back down to Camp IVA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 54], "content_span": [55, 666]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0022-0000", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Descent to Base Camp\nCouzy was at the camp so he and Schatz were able to assist Herzog, R\u00e9buffat and Lachenal down the Sickle cliff to Camp IV where there were some sherpas sheltering. Meanwhile, Terray had chosen to stay at IVA trying to get the blood circulation back into his feet. Schatz climbed back up to help him descend, also taking the opportunity to recover the still camera from the crevasse shelter \u2013 the cine camera he could not find.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 54], "content_span": [55, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0022-0001", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Descent to Base Camp\nAs the six climbers descended below Camp IV the air temperature rose rapidly and a crack appeared in the snow right under Herzog's roped group. An avalanche swept them down about 150 metres (500\u00a0ft) until their rope caught on a ridge. Herzog was left dangling upside down with his rope round his neck while his two sherpas were caught on their end of the rope. Descending further in agony Herzog was becoming reconciled to being close to death. Eventually they reached the comparative safety of Camp II. Herzog now felt he had succeeded as leader \u2013 even if he now died his companions would be safe and the mountain had been conquered.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 54], "content_span": [55, 689]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0023-0000", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Descent to Base Camp\nAt Camp II Oudot, the physician, injected Herzog and Lachenal to help improve their blood flow. The injections in the arteries of legs and arms were excruciatingly painful and they needed to be repeated for many days afterwards. On 7 June everyone started descending again with Herzog, Lachenal and R\u00e9buffat lying on sledges. Needing to hurry before the monsoon made the Miristi Kola impassable through flooding, they reached Camp I as the sky clouded over and heavy rains started.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 54], "content_span": [55, 536]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0023-0001", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Descent to Base Camp\nFrom here, on 8 June, they wrote a telegram, announcing that Annapurna had been climbed, to be taken by a runner for sending to Devies in Paris. The route to Base Camp was over terrain unsuitable for sledges so Herzog and Lachenal were carried on the backs of sherpas. Once at base, and just at the right time, a large team of porters arrived to transport the whole expedition back to Lete on the Gandaki River.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 54], "content_span": [55, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0024-0000", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Leaving the mountain\nSpecially for the expedition, All India Radio broadcast a report that the monsoon would be reaching them the next day, 10 June. The heavy rain would become torrential and the rivers would rise. A team led by Schatz built a makeshift bridge over the Miristi Kola and everyone hurried towards the bridge along paths that required Lachenal to be carried in a human cacolet and Herzog in a wicker basket. They became stranded in the open when it became too dark to carry the casualties safely.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 54], "content_span": [55, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0024-0001", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Leaving the mountain\nNext morning they reached a camp by the bridge but the river had risen to only 0.30 metres (1\u00a0ft) below the span so they needed to undertake the difficult crossing immediately. Everyone got across and camped for the night \u2013 by morning the bridge had been swept away. They had hoped to follow the river down to where it joined the Kali Gandaki but a reconnaissance showed this would be impossible and so they were forced to climb the Nilgiri ridge to return the way they had come.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 54], "content_span": [55, 534]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0024-0002", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Leaving the mountain\nNow down in the jungle, Herzog developed a fever and reached a very low ebb: \"... I implored death to come and deliver me. I had lost the will to live, and I was giving in \u2013 the ultimate humiliation ...\", he wrote afterwards in his book Annapurna. The casualties could now be carried in wicker chairs made to a design of Terray and they eventually reached the Gandaki.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 54], "content_span": [55, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0025-0000", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Leaving the mountain\nStretchers could be used on the track heading south beside the Gandaki but at Beni they took a detour because there was cholera in the area ahead. Oudot was having to start trimming dead flesh from Herzog's fingers using a rugine but by July he was needing to amputate as well as to continue trimming. Eventually he had to remove all of Lachenal's toes and, for Herzog, his fingers and toes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 54], "content_span": [55, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0025-0001", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Leaving the mountain\nBecause it was the rice planting season porters were abandoning the expedition all the time and it became impossible to find new recruits so they felt forced to adopt press gang tactics to be able to keep going. At last, on 6 July, they reached Nautanwa where they boarded a train that took them to Raxaul at the Indian border.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 54], "content_span": [55, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0025-0002", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Leaving the mountain\nOn 6 July the climbers went on to Delhi to wait there while Herzog and a select group including two sherpas travelled to Kathmandu to be received on 11 July by the Maharajah of Nepal who greeted them as national heroes. There were a few cars in Kathmandu even though no roads led there \u2013 the vehicles had been carried in manually by hundreds of porters along the mountain trails.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 54], "content_span": [55, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0026-0000", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Reception in France\nThe telegram giving news of the success was reported by Le Figaro on 16 June but it was only on 17 July that the team arrived home at Orly Airport in Paris to be greeted by a wildly cheering crowd. Herzog was carried off the aircraft first. Paris Match printed a special edition for 19 August with articles about the expedition and the cover photo, taken by Lachenal but credited to Ichac, showing Herzog with his ice axe and Tricolour at the summit (see image at head of article).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 53], "content_span": [54, 535]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0026-0001", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Reception in France\nThe magazine sold in record numbers and the photo remained an iconic image for years to come. Herzog, Lachenal and Ang Tharkay were awarded the L\u00e9gion d'honneur. On 17 February 1951 Paris Match again ran the expedition on its front cover, this time focusing on the cinema premiere (attended by the President of France) of the film made by Ichac. The cover described Herzog as \"our number one national hero\" \u2013 in the accompanying six-page article Lachenal was not mentioned at all.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 53], "content_span": [54, 534]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0027-0000", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Reception in France\nHerzog was kept at the American hospital at Neuilly-sur-Seine for the best part of a year where he dictated his book Annapurna, premier 8000 which sold over 11\u00a0million copies worldwide to become the best selling mountaineering book in history. He became the first international mountaineering celebrity after George Mallory and went on to be a successful politician. Fifty years later in France he was still as famous as Jacques Cousteau or Jean-Claude Killy whereas few remembered Lachenal or any of the others.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 53], "content_span": [54, 566]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0028-0000", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Reception in France\nIn June 2000, the French national postal services issued a 3 franc stamp (0.46 euro) celebrating the fiftieth anniversary of the climb, designed by Jean-Paul Cousin and engraved by Andr\u00e9 Lavergne.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 53], "content_span": [54, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0029-0000", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Annapurna and other expedition books, Books written by (and for) the members of the team\nOver the following years several members of the expedition wrote about their experiences[bibliography] and the varied accounts eventually led to controversy. At the airport, before setting off on the expedition, Herzog had required each member of the team to sign an undertaking not to publish or publicly communicate anything about the expedition for five years so initially Herzog's was the only version of events to be known. However, in 1996 two very different accounts were published and \"a storm of controversy seized France\". Herzog responded in 1998. After speaking to many of the people involved who were still alive, in 2000 David Roberts, the American mountaineer and writer, published True Summit, discussing the whole issue.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 122], "content_span": [123, 860]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0030-0000", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Annapurna and other expedition books, Books written by (and for) the members of the team, Herzog (1951): Annapurna, premier 8000 and Regards vers l'Annapurna\nFor some years Herzog's Annapurna was the only account and it became a worldwide best-seller with over 11\u00a0million sales, a record for a mountaineering book. All the royalties from the publication (in France it remained the best-selling work of non-fiction for nearly a year) went to the Himalayan Committee and were used to fund future expeditions \u2013 in a direct sense Herzog did not benefit financially at all. The description of the expedition above in this article has generally been drawn from Herzog's book complemented by the \"Annapurna\" chapter from Terray's Conquistadors of the Useless.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 191], "content_span": [192, 786]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0031-0000", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Annapurna and other expedition books, Books written by (and for) the members of the team, Herzog (1951): Annapurna, premier 8000 and Regards vers l'Annapurna\nJames Ramsey Ullman wrote in the New York Herald Tribune that Annapurna was \"a gallant and moving story, in some ways a terrible story\" predicting it would become a mountaineering classic. Time wrote that the first half was like \"a boy camper's letter to a chum\" but what followed was a \"harrowing ordeal-by-nature calculated to shiver the spirit of the toughest armchair explorer.\" Herzog and Ichac published a photographic book in 1951 Regards vers l'Annapurna and in 1981 Herzog published a historical work Les grandes aventures de l'Himalaya which had a section on Annapurna.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 191], "content_span": [192, 771]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0032-0000", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Annapurna and other expedition books, Books written by (and for) the members of the team, Herzog (1951): Annapurna, premier 8000 and Regards vers l'Annapurna\nIn the preface to the 1951 book Devies concentrates almost exclusively on the leader of the team: \"The victory of the whole party was also, and above all, the victory of its leader\". Herzog told of a happy team, all pulling together although at times Lachenal could be impetuous. Rarely did he mention any disagreement between team members and he, as leader, could resolve any spats quite easily. He very often quoted as direct speech the jaunty sort of remarks members of the team might have made, even on occasions when he was not present to have heard them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 191], "content_span": [192, 752]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0033-0000", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Annapurna and other expedition books, Books written by (and for) the members of the team, Lachenal (1956): Carnets du vertige\nLachenal had kept notes and a diary and he was about to publish a book, Carnets du vertige, when he was killed in a skiing accident in 1955. Herzog took over Lachenal's work and he and Lucien Devies marked in many editorial suggestions for deletions before passing it to Herzog's brother, G\u00e9rard Herzog, for full editing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 159], "content_span": [160, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0033-0001", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Annapurna and other expedition books, Books written by (and for) the members of the team, Lachenal (1956): Carnets du vertige\nAs published, the book comprised chapters about Lachenal's life written by G\u00e9rard Herzog from Lachenal's notes and material written by a journalist Philippe Cornuau who had been helping Lachenal with his draft \u2013 Cornuau said that when he had handed over the typescripts he had no idea of what was going to happen. None of what Lachenal or Cornuau had written appeared in the eventual publication. The book also included extracts from Lachenal's diary but only after many redactions \u2013 it was mostly the more congenial remarks that remained.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 159], "content_span": [160, 699]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0034-0000", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Annapurna and other expedition books, Books written by (and for) the members of the team, Lachenal (1956): Carnets du vertige\nLachenal had also left a typescript of some \"Commentaires\", intended to be published along with his diary. Herzog is commended as being as good as the professional guides for his stamina and technique, but, less agreeably for Herzog and Devies, he characterised the descent from the summit as a \"d\u00e9bandade\" (disorderly retreat) beside which on the typescript Devies jotted down \"But no\" and Maurice Herzog \"Is this the place to say so?\". When Lachenal had wanted to turn back before the summit Herzog thought it was his encouragement that had enabled Lachenal to continue.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 159], "content_span": [160, 732]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0034-0001", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Annapurna and other expedition books, Books written by (and for) the members of the team, Lachenal (1956): Carnets du vertige\nHowever Lachenal wrote that he agreed to go on because he thought that Herzog would not succeed in getting back down again alone. Herzog wrote in the margin of the typescript: \"I didn't sense this. Perhaps after all I was unfair.\" On the other hand, Devies noted: \"This must all be rewritten\". In the event G\u00e9rard Herzog did not include any of the \"Commentaires\". The book was published in 1956 and Cornuau was shocked by what he read.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 159], "content_span": [160, 595]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0035-0000", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Annapurna and other expedition books, Books written by (and for) the members of the team, Terray (1961): Les conqu\u00e9rants de l'inutile\nTerray's 1961 book, Les conqu\u00e9rants de l'inutile (published in English as \"The Conquistadors of the Useless\") included a long chapter about the Annapurna expedition. It was deliberately written to complement Herzog's book. He provided a great deal of additional information but finishing with the avalanche on the way down to Camp II. Generally the book did not disagree with Herzog but did commend Lachenal's climbing ability: he said \"Lachenal was by far the fastest and most brilliant climber I have ever known on delicate or loose terrain\" but he could however lack patience and stamina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 167], "content_span": [168, 759]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0036-0000", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Annapurna and other expedition books, Books written by (and for) the members of the team, Ballu (1996): Gaston R\u00e9buffat: une vie pour la montagne\nIn association with R\u00e9buffat's wife Fran\u00e7oise the journalist Yves Ballu wrote the first biography of the mountaineer. R\u00e9buffat had become very disillusioned by the expedition and afterwards he restricted his climbing to the Alps. Fran\u00e7oise had persuaded him not to write about Annapurna during his lifetime because it would come across as too bitter so Ballu had interviewed him with a view to an eventual biography. R\u00e9buffat had also prepared his own notes, and Fran\u00e7oisehad kept his many letters to her during the expedition. Gaston R\u00e9buffat: une vie pour la montagne was published in 1996.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 179], "content_span": [180, 772]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0037-0000", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Annapurna and other expedition books, Books written by (and for) the members of the team, Ballu (1996): Gaston R\u00e9buffat: une vie pour la montagne\nThe book contained many revelations. R\u00e9buffat had been shocked by the requirement for an oath of obedience and he described it as \"a certain Nazification\". He considered it had been his initiative that led to the discovery of the eventual climbing route to the summit and that Herzog had not given him the credit for this. When in 1951 Lachenal had told R\u00e9buffat that when he had been considering publishing an account of the expedition, someone from the official Himalayan Committee had threatened him that he might lose his job at the \u00c9cole Nationale de Ski et d'Alpinisme.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 179], "content_span": [180, 755]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0038-0000", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Annapurna and other expedition books, Books written by (and for) the members of the team, Lachenal (1996): Carnets du vertige\nThe same year Michel Gu\u00e9rin of \u00c9ditions Gu\u00e9rin, the mountaineering publisher, published an unexpurgated version of Lachenal's diary, also including the \"Commentaires\", under the same title Carnets du vertige. The original manuscript had been left to Lachenal's son Jean-Claude, who had become angry with the changes the editors had made in 1956. However, Herzog had befriended the Lachenal family and Jean-Claude had not wanted to cause any hurt. Eventually Gu\u00e9rin persuaded him to allow full publication.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 159], "content_span": [160, 665]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0039-0000", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Annapurna and other expedition books, Books written by (and for) the members of the team, Lachenal (1996): Carnets du vertige\nThere was a favourable book review in the Alpine Journal that provided an assessment of the situation. It was because he was a professional mountain guide that Lachenal had continued with Herzog to the summit. By doing so, through frostbite, he lost the ability to continue his career \u2013 and allowed Herzog to triumph in his.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 159], "content_span": [160, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0040-0000", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Annapurna and other expedition books, Books written by (and for) the members of the team, Lachenal (1996): Carnets du vertige\nIn his diaries Lachenal admitted that a sherpa had fallen to his death from the Nilgiri ridge on their return march but no one else had mentioned this. No one else wrote of the daily use of morphine as a pain-killer while the casualties were being carried out and that R\u00e9buffat was the only person who was attentive to Lachenal. Back in 1956 the text G\u00e9rard Herzog had excluded was about matters he considered too unpleasant for publication such as the climbers being offered young girls for sex and, when this was refused, being offered young boys instead. Minor comments had also been edited: \"Evening, the eternal chicken and potatoes\" had been removed while \"We opened a bottle of white wine\" had been kept.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 159], "content_span": [160, 871]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0041-0000", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Annapurna and other expedition books, Books written by (and for) the members of the team, Herzog (1998): L'autre Annapurna\nThe publication of these books in 1996 had caused serious controversy: mountaineering journalists started expressing doubts about the reliability of Herzog's book. Herzog's rejoinder was to publish a memoir L'autre Annapurna in 1998 when he was eighty years old.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 156], "content_span": [157, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0042-0000", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Annapurna and other expedition books, Books written by (and for) the members of the team, Herzog (1998): L'autre Annapurna\nLe Figaro described it as a meditation rather than a biography, \"a witty and modest account\". Lib\u00e9ration deplored its name-dropping and Pierre Mazeaud in Le Faucigny said \"I succeeded in getting to page 16. But when I saw that he had not a single word for poor Lachenal, I couldn't get any further.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 156], "content_span": [157, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0043-0000", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Annapurna and other expedition books, Books written by (and for) the members of the team, Herzog (1998): L'autre Annapurna\nHerzog wrote that originally he had not intended to write a book but a hospital nurse had suggested writing would be good therapy for him. He said that even after nearly 50 years his Annapurna experience still imbued his reborn life with \"indescribable happiness\". He said that one member of the party was only accepted by the appointments committee on the understanding that Herzog could send him away at any time. However, like everyone in the team, this unnamed person had behaved as a \"true comrade ... despite what was apparently divulged much later\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 156], "content_span": [157, 713]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0043-0001", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Annapurna and other expedition books, Books written by (and for) the members of the team, Herzog (1998): L'autre Annapurna\nRoberts has claimed that almost all expert observers agreed that it was Lachenal being referred to. Whereas in 1951 he had written that Lachenal, after his serious fall at Camp V, wanted Terray to take him down to Camp II, in L'autre Annapurna he said Lachenal just wanted to stay where he was and die.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 156], "content_span": [157, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0044-0000", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Annapurna and other expedition books, Books written by (and for) the members of the team, Herzog (1998): L'autre Annapurna\nInterviewed by Roberts in 1999, Herzog told him the controversy had not bothered him. No one had doubted what he had written. He had shown the manuscript of Annapurna to everyone who had been on the expedition and they were impressed \u2013 even Lachenal. Contradicting his 1951 account, he said his frostbite had not been caused by losing his gloves because he had simply put his hands in his pockets. Instead, the cause was digging in the snow in their overnight crevasse trying to find the buried boots. Indeed, in L'autre Annapurna he did not mention losing his gloves at all. Explaining various differences between his two accounts Herzog said Annapurna was a novel, but a true novel. He considered his first book to be objective and the other was subjective.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 156], "content_span": [157, 916]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0045-0000", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Annapurna and other expedition books, Reactions in the press\nThe combination of R\u00e9buffat's disillusioned story and the obvious censorship of Lachenal's writing caused a storm of revisionism in the French press. Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Potet wrote: \"The whole world remembers Maurice Herzog, the first biped to have trod, in 1950, atop a mountain of more than 8,000 metres. The others \u2013 R\u00e9buffat, Terray, Lachenal? Who were they? Where did they come from? What did they do?\" Major newspapers in France and mountaineering magazines worldwide joined the criticism. In the American Alpine Journal: \"I am sorry we have had to wait so long for the true story. All around us we can see the damage done by false information.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 94], "content_span": [95, 736]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0046-0000", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Annapurna and other expedition books, Reactions in the press\nLa Montagne et Alpinisme, however, considered there was too much fuss: five-year embargoes were normal in 1950 and the distinction between professional guides and amateur climbers had lost any significance by that time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 94], "content_span": [95, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0047-0000", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Annapurna and other expedition books, Reactions in the press\nMontagnes magazine investigated and reported that Terray had not received the L\u00e9gion d'honneur because Devies and Herzog had been opposed to it. They also found that, despite rumours that several mountaineers had been seriously injured, their wives waiting anxiously at home were told nothing by Devies because of the exclusive publication contract with Le Figaro and Paris Match. Le Monde discovered that before leaving for France Ichac had searched R\u00e9buffat bodily to check he was not smuggling back any film.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 94], "content_span": [95, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0047-0001", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Annapurna and other expedition books, Reactions in the press\nIchac had not gone above Camp II so R\u00e9buffat had taken all the higher photographs except those at the summit taken by Lachenal and one by Herzog. Despite this, all published photographs were credited to Ichac. It later emerged that R\u00e9buffat succeeded in covertly bringing back the film used by Lachenal and he developed it before returning all the photographs but one to Ichac. The one he kept back, which he kept for the rest of his life, had been too embarrassing for Lachenal to bear becoming public \u2013 the one of Herzog waving the tyre company Kl\u00e9ber's pennant on the summit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 94], "content_span": [95, 673]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0048-0000", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Annapurna and other expedition books, Reactions in the press\nInterviewed by Le Monde, Herzog said \"What I wrote in Annapurna is the exact truth. ... My writings have never been contradicted.\" To Montagnes he said the passages had been removed from Lachenal's book because they did not interest the editors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 94], "content_span": [95, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0049-0000", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Annapurna and other expedition books, Reactions in the press\nThe 1998 publication of Herzog's L'autre Annapurna again stirred up the press. In an interview Herzog now said Lachenal was an excessive personality and he and Devies had removed passages from Lachenal's draft to avoid charges of defamation and to keep things calm. He said Herzog's brother had helped Lachenal because he was incapable of writing, that Lachenal was very happy with the rewrite and that Lachenal's son had made up the story about the draft being distorted. The sherpa Foutharkay was drawn into the arguments, saying that Sir Edmund Hillary was a hero in Nepal but Herzog not so.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 94], "content_span": [95, 689]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0050-0000", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Annapurna and other expedition books, Reactions in the press\nRoberts' book about the controversy has itself also been criticised. In reviewing True Summit the American Alpine Journal said \"David Roberts has none of the Himalayan expedition experience necessary to put the events in context.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 94], "content_span": [95, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0051-0000", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Did they really reach the summit?\nEven as far back as 1950 a small number of people doubted the expedition had reached the summit. One of the problems was the famous \"summit photo\" (see image at head of article) that seems to show the ground sloping up higher than Herzog's feet. Also, after Lachenal's death it was claimed he used to say he had no memory of the summit, or another version was that he had once said had not got there at all. Even fifty years later there were doubts from a small minority.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 67], "content_span": [68, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0051-0001", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Did they really reach the summit?\nHerzog had written there was a fierce wind at the summit but in the photo he seems to be having to hold the flag out straight. The only summit photograph taken by Herzog, one of Lachenal, he kept hidden until after Lachenal's death. This blurred image shows him sitting leaning against a rock not looking at all victorious.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 67], "content_span": [68, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0052-0000", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Did they really reach the summit?\nOn the other hand, Terray wrote that, although Lachenal could not remember anything of the descent, he had told Terray of his feelings at the summit: \"Those moments when one had expected a fugitive and piercing happiness had in fact brought only a painful sense of emptiness.\" R\u00e9buffat's wife said her husband had never doubted they had got there. His journal recorded that, when they met up at Camp V, Herzog suggested R\u00e9buffat and Terray go up to the summit while Herzog and Lachenal continued down. They would have noticed if their footprints had not extended all the way to the top.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 67], "content_span": [68, 654]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0053-0000", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Did they really reach the summit?\nAlso, Lachenal's diary says he took the summit photographs from a ledge slightly below the summit. When Herzog was interviewed by Le Monde he said that what appeared in the photographs like an ar\u00eate of snow receding away upwards was actually very close and only reached to his waist. It was a cornice at the crest of the summit, too weak to be trodden on. In 1970 Henry Day took part in an expedition ascending using much the same route and they were able to take photographs with very similar perspectives.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 67], "content_span": [68, 575]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067646-0053-0001", "contents": "1950 French Annapurna expedition, Did they really reach the summit?\nLachenal had the reputation of being an honest man, even bluntly honest. This, and the likelihood that he had little personal reason to fake his private diary, leaves little doubt about its accuracy \u2013 it is very widely accepted that they did indeed reach the top of Annapurna. In his book Annapurna: 50 Years of Expeditions in the Death Zone (2000) Reinhold Messner regarded it as \"an indisputable fact\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 67], "content_span": [68, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067647-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 French Championships (tennis)\nThe 1950 French Championships (now known as the French Open) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor clay courts at the Stade Roland-Garros in Paris, France. The tournament ran from 24 May until 4 June. It was the 54th staging of the French Championships, and the second Grand Slam tennis event of 1950. Budge Patty and Doris Hart won the singles titles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067647-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 French Championships (tennis), Finals, Men's Singles\nBudge Patty defeated  Jaroslav Drobn\u00fd 6\u20131, 6\u20132, 3\u20136, 5\u20137, 7\u20135", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 57], "content_span": [58, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067647-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 French Championships (tennis), Finals, Men's Doubles\nBill Talbert /  Tony Trabert  defeated  Jaroslav Drobn\u00fd /  Eric Sturgess  6\u20132, 1\u20136, 10\u20138, 6\u20132", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 57], "content_span": [58, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067647-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 French Championships (tennis), Finals, Women's Doubles\nDoris Hart /  Shirley Fry defeated  Louise Brough /  Margaret Osborne duPont 1\u20136, 7\u20135, 6\u20132", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 59], "content_span": [60, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067647-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 French Championships (tennis), Finals, Mixed Doubles\nBarbara Scofield /  Enrique Morea defeated  Patricia Canning Todd  /  Bill Talbert  walkover", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 57], "content_span": [58, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067648-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 French Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nBudge Patty defeated Jaroslav Drobn\u00fd 6\u20131, 6\u20132, 3\u20136, 5\u20137, 7\u20135 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1950 French Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067648-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 French Championships \u2013 Men's Singles, Seeds\nThe seeded players are listed below. Budge Patty is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 48], "content_span": [49, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067649-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 French Championships \u2013 Women's Singles\nThird-seeded Doris Hart defeated Patricia Todd 6\u20134, 4\u20136, 6\u20132 in the final to win the Women's Singles tennis title at the 1950 French Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067649-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 French Championships \u2013 Women's Singles, Seeds\nThe seeded players are listed below. Doris Hart is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 50], "content_span": [51, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067650-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 French Grand Prix\nThe 1950 French Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 2 July 1950 at Reims-Gueux. It was race 6 of 7 in the 1950 World Championship of Drivers. The 64-lap race was won by Alfa Romeo driver Juan Manuel Fangio after he started from pole position. His teammate Luigi Fagioli finished second and Peter Whitehead took third in a privateer Ferrari.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067650-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 French Grand Prix, Report\nA total of 22 cars entered the event, four of which did not start the race. Franco Comotti did not attend the event; Eug\u00e8ne Chaboud did not start in his own car, instead sharing Philippe \u00c9tancelin's Talbot-Lago; and the two Scuderia Ferrari entries of Luigi Villoresi and Alberto Ascari withdrew in practice.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067650-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 French Grand Prix, Report\nFangio put in a stunning display with a 116\u00a0mph practice lap. With Ferrari not starting their 3-litre cars, the main opposition was to come from the Talbots, complete with dual ignition engines with 12 spark plugs. However, they suffered from radiator problems and overheated, allowing Fangio and Fagioli to lead home another Alfa demonstration run, whilst Farina succumbed to fuel pump trouble. Peter Whitehead finished third despite a fractured head gasket in the last two laps.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067651-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 French Somaliland legislative election\nRepresentative Council elections were held in French Somaliland in December 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067651-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 French Somaliland legislative election, Electoral system\nA new electoral law passed in August 1950 increase the number of members of the Representative Council from 20 to 25. Twelve members were elected by the first college (French citizens) and thirteen members by the second college.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 61], "content_span": [62, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067651-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 French Somaliland legislative election, Electoral system\nThe first college elected its members from a single nationwide constituency, whilst the second college members were elected from 10 constituencies, seven of which elected a single member and three of which elected two members. Five of the ten second college constituencies were in Djibouti, where voters were required to vote by ethnic group.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 61], "content_span": [62, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067651-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 French Somaliland legislative election, Results\nThe results of the second college saw four Issas, four Afars, three Somalis and two Arabs elected. The Rally of the French People won a majority of seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 52], "content_span": [53, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067652-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Fresno State Bulldogs football team\nThe 1950 Fresno State Bulldogs football team represented Fresno State College during the 1950 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067652-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Fresno State Bulldogs football team\nFresno State competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA). The team was led by first-year head coach Duke Jacobs and played home games at Ratcliffe Stadium on the campus of Fresno City College in Fresno, California. They finished the season with a record of two wins, six losses and one tie (2\u20136\u20131, 1\u20132\u20131 CCAA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067652-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Fresno State Bulldogs football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Fresno State Bulldogs were selected in the 1951 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 65], "content_span": [66, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067653-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Furman Purple Hurricane football team\nThe 1950 Furman Purple Hurricane football team was an American football team that represented Furman University as a member of the Southern Conference during the 1950 college football season. In their first season under head coach Bill Young, Furman compiled a 2\u20138\u20131 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067654-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 GP Ouest\u2013France\nThe 1950 GP Ouest-France was the 14th edition of the GP Ouest-France cycle race and was held on 22 August 1950. The race started and finished in Plouay. The race was won by Amand Audaire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067655-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Gator Bowl\nThe 1950 Gator Bowl was the fifth edition of the Gator Bowl and featured the Maryland Terrapins representing the University of Maryland and the Missouri Tigers representing the University of Missouri. It was the first-ever meeting of the two teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067655-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Gator Bowl\nMaryland was led by third-year head coach Jim Tatum, who had engineered one season turn-arounds at Maryland and previously Oklahoma. Missouri was coached by his former boss, Don Faurot, under whom Tatum had previous been an assistant coach for the U.S. Navy's Iowa Pre-Flight team. This game was the first in a six-game series between the former colleagues and would last for the remainder of Tatum's tenure at Maryland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067655-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Gator Bowl\nThe game was described as a \"proving ground\" for the split-T formation, which was employed by both teams. Several prominent Southern coaches were in attendance at the game to watch the formation, including Bob Neyland of Tennessee, Wally Butts of Georgia, Frank Howard of Clemson, George Barclay of Washington & Lee, and Tom Nugent of VMI.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067655-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Gator Bowl, Game summary\nIn the first quarter, Maryland scored on an 11-yard run by Bob Shemonski. Ed Modzelewski rushed for a three-yard touchdown in the second quarter, followed by a six-yard touchdown run by Shemonski again. The extra point kick was unsuccessful, however. In the final quarter, Phil Klein recorded Missouri's only score on a five-yard touchdown run.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 29], "content_span": [30, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067655-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Gator Bowl, Statistical comparison\nMaryland recorded 282 yards of total offense, 266 yards of which came on the ground. Missouri recorded 267 yards total, with 100 rushing and 167 passing yards. Maryland achieved 11 first downs, compared with Missouri's 13. The Terrapins lost two fumbles for one yard while the Tigers lost five fumbles for five yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 39], "content_span": [40, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067655-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Gator Bowl, Statistical comparison\nMaryland offensive guard Bob Ward was named the game's Most Valuable Player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 39], "content_span": [40, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067656-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Gent\u2013Wevelgem\nThe 1950 Gent\u2013Wevelgem was the 12th edition of the Gent\u2013Wevelgem cycle race and was held on 26 March 1950. The race started in Ghent and finished in Wevelgem. The race was won by Briek Schotte.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067657-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 George Washington Colonials football team\nThe 1950 George Washington Colonials football team was an American football team that represented George Washington University as part of the Southern Conference during the 1950 college football season. In their third season under head coach Bo Rowland, the team compiled a 5\u20134 record (4\u20133 in the SoCon).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067658-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Georgetown Hoyas football team\nThe 1950 Georgetown Hoyas football team was an American football team that represented Georgetown University as an independent during the 1950 college football season. In their second season under head coach Bob Margarita, the Hoyas compiled a 2\u20137 record and were outscored by a total of 187 to 116. The team played its home games at Griffith Stadium in Washington, D.C.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067659-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Georgia Bulldogs football team\nThe 1950 Georgia Bulldogs football team represented the Georgia Bulldogs of the University of Georgia during the 1950 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067660-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team\nThe 1950 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team represented the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets of the Georgia Institute of Technology during the 1950 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067661-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Georgia gubernatorial election\nThe 1950 Georgia gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1950. Incumbent Governor Herman Talmadge won the Democratic primary over Melvin Thompson on June 28 with 49.33% of the vote and 295 out of 410 county unit votes. The primary was a rematch of the 1948 special election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067661-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Georgia gubernatorial election\nAt this time, Georgia was a one-party state, and the Democratic nomination was tantamount to victory. Talmadge was re-elected in the November general election without an opponent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067661-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Georgia gubernatorial election, Democratic primary, Results\nIn the decisive county unit vote, Talmadge won 295 to Thompson's 115.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 64], "content_span": [65, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067662-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 German Grand Prix\nThe 1950 German Grand Prix was a non-championship Formula Two race held on 20 August 1950 at the N\u00fcrburgring Nordschleife.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067662-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 German Grand Prix, Report\nFormula 2 regulations had been chosen in order to attract a larger starting grid \u2013 especially for German teams and drivers, who would not have had time to prepare cars for the still-new Formula One regulations. This resulted in a large amount of interest \u2013 37 cars started the race, and the event drew a crowd of 400,000 spectators.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067662-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 German Grand Prix, Report\nDuring practice, German driver Paul Greifzu was involved in an accident where his car hit a paramedic at Pflanzgarten. The paramedic suffered fatal injuries and Greifzu was taken to hospital with fractured ribs and internal bruising.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067662-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 German Grand Prix, Report\nThe Grand Prix had attracted some of the top German drivers, but many of them retired due to the high level of attrition. Indeed, only 10 drivers completed the full distance. Hans Stuck ran sixth after the first lap, but had to stop to fix a stuck throttle. He received outside assistance whilst starting his engine again, and was disqualified. Manfred von Brauchitsch put in a fine performance trying to keep up with the leaders, running as high as seventh before retiring with engine failure.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067662-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 German Grand Prix, Report\nThe race was dominated by Alberto Ascari, who led from pole and pulled away comfortably each lap. The only slight drama came on the final tour: he had run the full distance without pitting, and some spokes on his right rear wheel broke in the banked Karussell. However, such was his lead that he could afford to significantly reduce his pace, nursing the car home to victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067662-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 German Grand Prix, Report\nFor his dominant performance, Ascari was presented with the Silbernes Lorbeerblatt (Silver Laurel Leaf), the highest award in German sport. The award had only been established two months prior, and he became its first foreign recipient.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067663-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 German football championship\nThe 1950 German football championship, the 40th edition of the competition, was the culmination of the 1949\u201350 football season in Germany. VfB Stuttgart won their first championship in a one-leg knock-out tournament. It was the third championship after the end of World War II.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067663-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 German football championship\nVfB Stuttgart appeared in their second final, having lost to Schalke 04 in 1935. Losing finalists Kickers Offenbach appeared in a championship final for the first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067663-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 German football championship\nFor the first time 16 teams competed for the title, including the runners-up of the Berlin championship. However, East German side Union Obersch\u00f6neweide did not receive a travel permit, like SG Planitz two years earlier. Their players nevertheless traveled to Kiel to play Hamburger SV and eventually founded SC Union 06 Berlin. Originally, the first three teams from the DDR-Oberliga had been slated to appear in the championship, but the two football associations eventually could not agree on a mode of play and their places were given to West German Oberliga sides.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 603]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067664-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Gibraltar general election\nGeneral elections were held in Gibraltar on 8 November 1950. The Association for the Advancement of Civil Rights emerged as the largest party in the new legislature, winning 3 of the five elected seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067664-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Gibraltar general election, Electoral system\nThe legislature was formed in 1950 to replace Gibraltar City Council, and was elected by proportional representation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 49], "content_span": [50, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067665-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Giro d'Italia\nThe 1950 Giro d'Italia was the 33rd\u00a0edition of the Giro d'Italia, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Giro started off in Milan on 24 May with a 225\u00a0km (139.8\u00a0mi) individual time trial and concluded in Salsomaggiore Terme with a 230\u00a0km (142.9\u00a0mi) relatively flat mass-start stage on 13 June. Fifteen teams entered the race, which was won by Swiss Hugo Koblet of the Guerra team. Second and third respectively were Italians Gino Bartali and Alfredo Martini.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 473]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067665-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Giro d'Italia, Teams\nIt was announced in January 1950 that there would not be more than 100 riders starting the race. However, fifteen teams of seven were granted entry for the race. This meant the starting peloton consisted of 105 cyclists, the same amount that started the 1949 edition. Italians comprised the majority of the entrants (88), while the remaining 17 foreign riders were from France (9), Switzerland (5), Belgium (2), and Luxembourg (1). Of the starting riders, 75 completed the course.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 25], "content_span": [26, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067665-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Giro d'Italia, Pre-race favorites\nThe race featured three previous winners of the Giro d'Italia that later became known as the \"Big Three\" or \"Italian Tripod\": Gino Bartali (Bartali), Fausto Coppi (Bianchi\u2013Ursus), and Fiorenzo Magni (Wilier Triestina). That season the three of them had success in the classics as Bartali won Milan\u2013San Remo, Coppi won Paris\u2013Roubaix and La Fl\u00e8che Wallonne, and Magni won his second Tour of Flanders. Despite this, many writers and fellow riders like Magni, Jean Robic, and Giulio Bresci still viewed it as a competition between Coppi and Bartali, with Coppi was regarded as the favorite entering the race. When asked who was his toughest opponent in the race, Coppi answered Bartali and Robic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 38], "content_span": [39, 731]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067665-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Giro d'Italia, Pre-race favorites\nA Nouvelliste valaisan writer commented that this was the first Giro to feature foreigners as team captains. 1947 Tour de France winner Robic (Viscontea), Fritz Sch\u00e4r (Arbos), and Ferdinand K\u00fcbler (Fr\u00e9jus\u2013Superga) entered as sole leaders of their respective squads. Guerra\u2013Ursus's leader upon entry was Belgian Marcel Dupont, while teammate Hugo Koblet's recent form made some believe he may end up leading the team during the race. El Mundo Deportivo's Luis Bettonica felt that for either Bartali or Coppi to not win they will have to face a large amount of difficulties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 38], "content_span": [39, 611]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067665-0003-0001", "contents": "1950 Giro d'Italia, Pre-race favorites\nVito Ortelli (Atala) was not viewed as a serious challenger following a poor performance at the Tour de Romandie and due to his general inconsistent finishes. Ortelli when asked about his intentions at the Giro, replied \"I will be running it.\" K\u00fcbler was seen as a threat to challenge Bartali and Coppi because his team was strong and had openly stated he would be in good form when the race hits Locarno. The French team (Helyett\u2013Hutchinson) featured Apo Lazarid\u00e8s and Lucien Teisseire, who placed second and third at the 1948 world championships, respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 38], "content_span": [39, 601]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067665-0003-0002", "contents": "1950 Giro d'Italia, Pre-race favorites\nLegnano\u2013Pirelli brought sprinter Adolfo Leoni who won several stages and wore the race leader's pink jersey late into the last year's race before Coppi took the race lead with two stages left and young rider Pasquale Fornara. Taurea's Luciano Maggini was seen as a contender for the sprint finishes, while Alfredo Martini and Giancarlo Astrua were expected to achieve high final rankings in the general classification. l'Unit\u00e0 writer Attilio Camoriano expected Martini to be the \"big surprise of the race.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 38], "content_span": [39, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067665-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Giro d'Italia, Route and stages\nBefore being released, it was rumored the race would go from 24 May to 11 June. The route was revealed on 26 January 1950. The route was thought to be easier than in previous years, with the first several stages being fairly easy before the seventh stage introduced climbs over 1,100\u00a0m (3,609\u00a0ft). The ninth stage in particular featured the three major climbs of Passo Rolle (1,970\u00a0m (6,463\u00a0ft)), Passo Pordoi (2,239\u00a0m (7,346\u00a0ft)), Gardena Pass (2,120\u00a0m (6,955\u00a0ft)). In total the route was thought to be very flat as it contained 15,000\u00a0m (49,213\u00a0ft) of climbing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 36], "content_span": [37, 600]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067665-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Giro d'Italia, Route and stages\nIn a break from tradition the race started in Milan rather than finishing in . This change was precipitated because 1950 was declared a Jubilee by Pope Pius XII. Due to the route changes, this meant the Dolomites would be visited during the middle of the race, while the Apennines would be traversed near the race's conclusion. Following the Milan opening in the Piazza del Duomo square, the race route veered west passing through Florence and Genoa on its way into the Dolomites and passing through finishing in Locarno, a Swiss town. Then the route turned south and traveled down along the Adriatic coast and traversed the Apennines before returning north to finish in Rome.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 36], "content_span": [37, 713]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067665-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 Giro d'Italia, Classification leadership\nThe leader of the general classification \u2013 calculated by adding the stage finish times of each rider, and subtracting time bonuses \u2013 wore a pink jersey. This classification is the most important of the race, and its winner is considered as the winner of the Giro.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 45], "content_span": [46, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067665-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 Giro d'Italia, Classification leadership\nTwo additional jerseys were awarded. The green jersey was given to the highest ranked non-Italian cyclist in the general classification, and the white jersey was given to the highest ranked independent cyclist in the general classification. Another green jersey was awarded to the best placed foreign rider in the general classification.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 45], "content_span": [46, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067665-0008-0000", "contents": "1950 Giro d'Italia, Classification leadership\nThere were also some classifications without associated jerseys. There was the mountains classification, for which the race organizers selected different mountains that the route crossed and awarded points to the riders who crossed them first.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 45], "content_span": [46, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067665-0009-0000", "contents": "1950 Giro d'Italia, Classification leadership\nThere was a black jersey (maglia nera) awarded to the rider placed last in the general classification. The classification was calculated in the same manner as the general classification.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 45], "content_span": [46, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067665-0010-0000", "contents": "1950 Giro d'Italia, Classification leadership\nSecondly, there was an intermediate sprints classification. In twelve stages, there were intermediate sprints midway of the stage, where points for this classification could be won.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 45], "content_span": [46, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067665-0011-0000", "contents": "1950 Giro d'Italia, Classification leadership\nThe winner of the team classification was determined by adding the finish times of the best three cyclists per team together and the team with the lowest total time was the winner. If a team had fewer than three riders finish, they were not eligible for the classification.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 45], "content_span": [46, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067665-0012-0000", "contents": "1950 Giro d'Italia, Classification leadership\nThere several time bonuses awarded to riders for various accomplishments during the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 45], "content_span": [46, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067665-0013-0000", "contents": "1950 Giro d'Italia, Classification leadership\nThe rows in the following table correspond to the jerseys awarded after that stage was run. A one-minute bonus was given to the winner of each stage, the intermediate sprint in the twelve stages containing a sprint, and the winner of a mountain classification climb. Second place in those same categories awarded a 30 s time bonus.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 45], "content_span": [46, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067665-0014-0000", "contents": "1950 Giro d'Italia, Final standings, Minor awards\nTwo blue bracelets were awarded for winning a stage with the greatest time gap between the second placed rider. Koblet won the first bracelet for winning the sixth stage into Locarno by 1' 48s, while the second bracelet was given to Astrua for his victory on the fifteenth leg that finished in L'Aquila. He won that stage by five minutes and six seconds. A classification was kept regarding the amount of stage victories per rider. The classification was split by four riders who each won two stages: Conte (stages 1 and 18), Bevilacqua (stages 4 and 12), Koblet (stages, and 8), and Luciano Maggini (stages 7 and 13).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 49], "content_span": [50, 668]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067665-0015-0000", "contents": "1950 Giro d'Italia, Aftermath\nFollowing the race, the entire peloton that finished the race traveled to St. Peter's Basilica to hear a Wednesday service by Pope Pius XII on 14 June. In particular, Koblet and Bartali spoke with the Pope personally and the Pope asked of Coppi's health. Previous winner Fausto Coppi, who was recovering in a Trento hospital, commented \"Koblet deserved to win the Tour of Italy and he is worthy of all praise.\" Following the race, Guerra announced Koblet renewed his contract with the team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 29], "content_span": [30, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067665-0015-0001", "contents": "1950 Giro d'Italia, Aftermath\nA Swiss newspaper writer Nouvelliste Valaisan wrote that the Swiss riders dominated the race, holding the race lead for all but two days, and all five Swiss riders that started, finished the race. The writer commented that Koblet was not seen as the initial leader for Guerra, as Marcel Dupont entered as their leader. The writer also felt that Koblet's victory earned Swiss cycling respect within the cycling community and may lead to an invitation for a ten-man team to a future Tour de France \u2013 which at the time was contested by national teams rather than trade teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 29], "content_span": [30, 602]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067665-0015-0002", "contents": "1950 Giro d'Italia, Aftermath\nFerdinand K\u00fcbler was viewed to have a great race relative when compared to his last Grand Tour, the 1949 Tour de France. Based on his high finish K\u00fcbler was expected to seriously contend at the upcoming Tour de France. Had the race been run without time bonuses factored into the general classification, Bartali would have won the race by 18 seconds over Koblet.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 29], "content_span": [30, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067666-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Giro di Lombardia\nThe 1950 Giro di Lombardia, 44th edition of the race, was held on October 22, 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067667-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Glasgow Scotstoun by-election\nThe Glasgow Scotstoun by-election of 25 October 1950 was held after the death of Conservative MP Sir Arthur Young.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067667-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Glasgow Scotstoun by-election\nThe seat was very marginal, having been won at the 1950 United Kingdom general election by 239 votes Labour again fielded W. Bargh, a Glasgow school teacher, who had narrowly failed to win the seat at the general election earlier in the year. The Conservative candidate was James Hutchison, who had been the MP for Glasgow Central from 1945 until the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067667-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Glasgow Scotstoun by-election, Outcome\nReporting the result, The Glasgow Herald stated that the outcome of the election, an increased majority for the Conservatives, suggested that the Labour Party had lost ground in Scotland since the general election. Bargh felt that the intervention by the ILP had cost him victory, a view that Gibson, the ILP candidate did not share. The Conservative majority of 1,319 exceeded the number of votes (680) received by Gibson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 43], "content_span": [44, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067667-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Glasgow Scotstoun by-election, Outcome\nAn editorial in The Glasgow Herald the morning after the contest commented that Hutchison's win had been expected, but said \"it would have been blow to Mr Churchill's hopes of turning Labour out at the next general election\" had the Conservatives been returned without an increased majority. The same editorial said the Conservative majority had increased by a \"gratifying number of votes\" and attributed this to Hutchinson having been known to have had a previously successful spell as a Glasgow MP and his exploiting disillusion with the Labour Government. It predicted that the result would \"give the Unionist and Conservative  party organisations the sort of stimulus they need in their efforts to drive the Government from power and office.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 43], "content_span": [44, 790]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067668-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Goodwood Trophy\nThe 1950 Goodwood Trophy was a non-championship Formula One motor race held at Goodwood Circuit on 30 September 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067669-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Governor General's Awards\nIn Canada, the 1950 Governor General's Awards for Literary Merit were the fourteenth such awards. The awards in this period had no monetary prize but were an honour for the authors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067670-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Grand National\nThe 1950 Grand National was the 104th renewal of the Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool, England, on 25 March 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067670-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Grand National\nNearly 500,000 people packed into Aintree for the first royal National since the Second World War. In attendance were King George VI, Queen Elizabeth, their daughter Princess Elizabeth, and a number of other members of the royal family. Royal interest centred on Monaveen, the co-third-favourite who was jointly owned by the Queen and Princess Elizabeth. Despite leading the field, Monaveen made a bad mistake at The Chair, nearly unseating his jockey, and losing significant ground.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067670-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Grand National\nThe race was won by Freebooter, the 10/1 joint-favourite ridden by Irish jockey Jimmy Power and trained by Bobby Renton for owner Lurline Brotherton. In second place was Wot No Sun, Acthon Major finished third, and Rowland Roy fourth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067670-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Grand National\nForty-nine horses ran and all returned safely to the stables.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 81]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067671-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season\nThe 1950 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season was the second F.I.M. Road Racing World Championship Grand Prix season. The season consisted of six Grand Prix races in five classes: 500cc, 350cc, 250cc, 125cc and Sidecars 600cc. It began on 10 June, with Isle of Man TT and ended with Nations Grand Prix on 10 September.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067671-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season, Standings, Scoring system\nPoints were awarded to the top six finishers in each race. All rounds counted towards the championship in the 125cc and Sidecars, the best three races counted in the 250cc, while in the 350cc and 500cc championships, only the best four results counted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067672-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Great Britain Lions tour\nThe 1950 Great Britain Lions tour was a tour by the Great Britain national rugby league team of Australia and New Zealand which took place between May and August 1950. The tour involved a schedule of 25 games: 19 in Australia including a three-test series against Australia for the Ashes, and a further 6 in New Zealand including two test matches against New Zealand. A scheduled fixture in Forbes, New South Wales, against a Western Districts team, was abandoned when the chartered plane could not land due to bad weather.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067672-0000-0001", "contents": "1950 Great Britain Lions tour\nCaptained by Ernest Ward, the Lions returned home having won 19 and lost 6 of their games. The team won the first test match of the tour but lost the second and third to lose the Ashes Test series to Australia. The team also lost both Test Matches in and against New Zealand. Despite being a British team \u2013 five of the squad were Welsh \u2013 the team played, and were often referred to by both the press at home and away, as England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067672-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Great Britain Lions tour, Squad\nTom Spedding was the Team Manager, and George Oldroyd was the Business Manager, of the touring party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 36], "content_span": [37, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067672-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian Leg\nWestern Australia: FB: Joe McGuiness ( Fremantle), WG: Tom Myles ( Cottesloe), CE: Terry Sullivan ( Fremantle), CE: George Jannings ( Applecross), WG: T. Boyd ( Fremantle), FE: L. McGann (Perth), HB: S. Saxon ( South Perth), LK: Les Graham ( Cottesloe), SR: R. Patching ( South Perth), SR: G. Voules ( South Perth), PR: R. Slater ( South Perth), HK: P. Neary (Perth), PR: D. Tonkin ( Fremantle), CH: N. Stohlberg.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067672-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian Leg\nGreat Britain: FB: Martin Ryan, WG: Jack Hilton, CE: Ernest Ward, CE: Tom Danby, WG: Arthur Daniels, FE: Dickie Williams, HB: Tommy Bradshaw, LK: Harry Murphy, SR: Fred Higgins, SR: Doug Phillips, PR: Ken Gee, HK: Frank Osmond, PR: Jim Featherstone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067672-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian Leg\nMonaro: FB: A. James ( Canberra), WG: D. Stewart ( Bombala), CE: Tom Briggs ( Goulburn), CE: J. Gibson ( North Canberra), WG: P. Conroy | Queanbeyan), FE: Jack McIntosh ( Tathra), HB: Neville Hogan ( North Canberra), LK: William McKell ( Goulburn), SR: B. Davis ( Batemans Bay), SR: Don Penning ( Goulburn), PR: A. Norgrove ( Canberra), HK: Ted Dawson (Bigga), PR: Glen Spence ( Goulburn).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067672-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian Leg\nGreat Britain: FB: Jimmy Ledgard, WG: Roy Pollard, CE: Ernie Ashcroft, CE: Jack Cunliffe, WG: Gordon Ratcliffe, FE: Willie Horne, HB: Albert Pepperell, LK: Ken Traill, SR: Fred Higgins, SR: Bob Ryan, PR: Danny Naughton, HK: Joe Egan, PR: Elwyn Gwyther.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067672-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian Leg\nNewcastle: FB: George Neader (22) ( Waratah Mayfield), WG: William Bunt (24) ( Central Newcastle), CE: Viv Madge (27) ( Kurri Kurri), CE: William Bower (24) ( South Newcastle), WG: Jack Lumsden (20) ( Cessnock), FE: Horrie Banks (27) ( Western Suburbs), HB: Jim Scoular (27) ( Lakes United), LK: Jack Hutchinson (27) ( Northern Suburbs), SR: Bob Alexander (26) ( Cessnock), SR: Jim Evans (21) ( Maitland), PR: Gavin Stevenson (25) ( Cessnock), HK: Bob Crane (27) ( Northern Suburbs), PR: Ramsay Buckley (26) ( Lakes United), CH: Reg Cody.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 584]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067672-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian Leg\nGreat Britain: FB: Jimmy Ledgard, WG: Arthur Daniels, CE: Ernest Ward, CE: Ernie Ashcroft, WG: Jack Hilton, FE: Dickie Williams, HB: Tommy Bradshaw, LK: Harry Street, SR: Harry Murphy, SR: Bob Ryan, PR: Elwyn Gwyther, HK: Joe Egan, PR: Ken Gee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067672-0008-0000", "contents": "1950 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian Leg\nRiverina: FB: Peter McGrath ( West Wyalong), WG: Stan Larkings ( Junee), CE: Kevin Wallace (age 24) (Boorowa), CE: Keith Tull ( Cootamundra), WG: John Biscaya (Wagga), FE: Roley McDonnel ( Cootamundra), HB: Col Donohue ( Barmedman), LK: Lew Evans ( Temora), SR: Sid Hobson ( Young), SR: Paddy Maloney ( Young), PR: Jim Thomson ( Cowra), HK: Ken McDonald ( Barmedman), PR: Nevyl Hand ( Gundagai), CH: Len Smith.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067672-0009-0000", "contents": "1950 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian Leg\nGreat Britain: FB: Martin Ryan, WG: Gordon Ratcliffe, CE: Tom Danby, CE: Jack Cunliffe, WG: Roy Pollard, FE: Willie Horne, HB: Albert Pepperell, LK: Ken Traill, SR: Fred Higgins, SR: Doug Phillips, PR: Danny Naughton, HK: Frank Osmond, PR: Elwyn Gwyther.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067672-0010-0000", "contents": "1950 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian Leg\nNew South Wales: FB: Clive Churchill (age 23) ( South Sydney), WG: Noel Pidding (23) ( St George), CE: Johnny Hawke (24) ( St George), CE: Doug McRitchie (27) ( St George), WG: Jack Troy (22) ( Newtown), FE: Frank Stanmore (20) ( Western Suburbs), HB: Perce Pritchard (23) ( Manly-Warringah), LK: Les Cowie (25) ( South Sydney), SR: Fred De Belin (28) ( Balmain), SR: Jack Rayner (28) ( South Sydney), PR: Jack Holland (26) ( St George), HK: Kevin Schubert (22) ( Manly-Warringah), PR: Roy Bull (20) ( Manly-Warringah), CH: Vic Hey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067672-0011-0000", "contents": "1950 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian Leg\nGreat Britain: FB: Martin Ryan, WG: Roy Pollard, CE: Ernest Ward, CE: Ernie Ashcroft, WG: Jack Hilton, FE: Dickie Williams, HB: Tommy Bradshaw, LK: Harry Street, SR: Fred Higgins, SR: Bob Ryan, PR: Ken Gee, HK: Joe Egan, 1950: PR: Elwyn Gwyther.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067672-0012-0000", "contents": "1950 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian Leg, 1st Test\nAustralia: FB: Clive Churchill (age 23) ( South Sydney), WG: Noel Pidding (23) ( St George), CE: Doug McRitchie (27) ( St George), CE: Keith Middleton (19) ( North Sydney), WG: Jack Troy (22) ( Newtown), FE: Frank Stanmore (20) ( Western Suburbs), HB: Keith Holman (22) ( Western Suburbs), LK: Les Cowie (25) ( South Sydney), SR: Fred De Belin (28) ( Balmain), SR: Alan Thompson (27) ( Souths), PR: Jack Holland (26) ( St George), HK: Kevin Schubert (22) ( Manly-Warringah), PR: Duncan Hall (24) (Home Hill).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067672-0013-0000", "contents": "1950 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian Leg, 1st Test\nGreat Britain: FB: Martin Ryan, WG: Gordon Ratcliffe, CE: Ernest Ward, CE: Ernie Ashcroft, WG: Jack Hilton, FE: Dickie Williams, HB: Tommy Bradshaw, LK: Harry Street, SR: Bob Ryan, SR: Fred Higgins, PR: Ken Gee, HK: Joe Egan, PR: Elwyn Gwyther.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067672-0014-0000", "contents": "1950 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian Leg, 1st Test\nNorth Coast: FB: Dudley Jones (Murwillumbah), WG: Johnny Meyers (Lismore), CE: Barry Redding (Camden Haven), CE: Alf Roach ( Kyogle), WG: Wally Williams (Coffs Harbour), FE: Jim Ruge (Kempsey CYM), HB: Stan Ponchard (Kempsey CYM), LK: Kevin Ryan ( Wauchope), SR: Ken Gray (24) ( Grafton), SR: Gordon McCarthy (Taree), PR: Keith Dinsey ( Cudgen), HK: Kevin McKeirnan (18) (Kempsey CYM), PR: Jack Monaghan ( Beechwood). CH: Reg Cody.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067672-0015-0000", "contents": "1950 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian Leg, 1st Test\nGreat Britain: FB: Jimmy Ledgard, WG: Gordon Ratcliffe, CE: Tom Danby, CE: Jack Cunliffe, WG: Arthur Daniels, FE: Willie Horne, HB: Albert Pepperell, LK: Ken Traill, SR: Doug Phillips, SR: Harry Murphy, PR: Jim Featherstone, HK: Frank Osmond, PR: Danny Naughton", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067672-0016-0000", "contents": "1950 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian Leg, 1st Test\nQueensland: FB: Nev Linde (Tivoli), WG: Denis Flannery (22) (Ipswich CYM), CE: Colin Quinn (22) (Ipswich CYM), CE: Noel Hazzard (Bundaberg), WG: Pat McMahon (22) (Babinda Trojans), FE: Ned Andrews (28) (Mackay - played for each club in turn), HB: Billy Thompson (26) (Warwick), HB: Billy Thompson (Warwick), LK: Harold Crocker (22) ( Souths), SR: Alan Thompson (27) ( Souths), SR: Brian Davies (20) ( Brothers), PR: Duncan Hall (24) (Home Hill), HK: Ron Griffiths (Ipswich CYM), PR: Jack Rooney ( Brothers), CH: Fred Gilbert.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067672-0017-0000", "contents": "1950 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian Leg, 1st Test\nGreat Britain: FB: Martin Ryan, WG: Gordon Ratcliffe, CE: Ernest Ward, CE: Ernie Ashcroft, WG: Jack Hilton, FE: Willie Horne, HB: Tommy Bradshaw, LK: Harry Street, SR: Fred Higgins, SR: Bob Ryan, PR: Ken Gee, HK: Joe Egan, PR: Jim Featherstone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067672-0018-0000", "contents": "1950 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian Leg, 1st Test\nNorth Queensland: FB: Jack Gayler (Babinda Trojans), WG: Pat McMahon (Babinda Trojans), CE: Jack Horrigan (Ayr), CE: Gordon Farrelly (21) (Home Hill), WG: Bert Sager (25) (Souths), FE: Ned Andrews (27) (Mackay - played for each club in turn), HB: Ron O'Connell (Hughenden), LK: Lionel Armitt (25) ( Brothers), SR: Duncan Hall (22) (Home Hill), SR: Les Renouf (Sarina), PR: Jack Munn (26) (Herbert River), HK: Henry Benton (Centrals), PR: Charlie Montgomery (Carltons).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 524]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067672-0019-0000", "contents": "1950 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian Leg, 1st Test\nGreat Britain: FB: Jimmy Ledgard, WG: Tom Danby, CE: Ernest Ward, CE: Jack Cunliffe, WG: Gordon Ratcliffe, FE: Dickie Williams, HB: Albert Pepperell, LK: Ken Traill, SR: Doug Phillips, SR: Harry Murphy, PR: Elwyn Gwyther, HK: Frank Osmond, PR: Danny Naughton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067672-0020-0000", "contents": "1950 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian Leg, 1st Test\nCentral Queensland: FB: Alan Poole ( Brothers), WG: Leo Jeffcoat ( Brothers), CE: K. Roberts ( Brothers), CE: William Cuddy ( Brothers), WG: D. McDonald ( Fitzroys), FE: Dooley Turner ( Brothers), HB: Brad Neven ( Fitzroys), PR: C. Harkin ( Brothers), HK: Graham Lee ( Fitzroys), PR: Stan Petersen ( Fitzroys), SR: Tony Brown ( Brothers), SR: Roy Harris ( Brothers), LK: W. Hick (Blackall).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067672-0021-0000", "contents": "1950 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian Leg, 1st Test\nGreat Britain: FB: Martin Ryan, WG: Tom Danby, CE: Ernest Ward, CE: Jack Cunliffe, WG: Gordon Ratcliffe, FE: Willie Horne, HB: Tommy Bradshaw, LK: Ken Traill, SR: Doug Phillips, SR: Fred Higgins, PR: Jim Featherstone, HK: Joe Egan, PR: Ken Gee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067672-0022-0000", "contents": "1950 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian Leg, 1st Test\nWide Bay Burnett:  FB: Kev White (Maryborough), WG: Des Dahl (Bundaberg), CE: Rex McGlynn (Bundaberg), CE: Noel Hazzard (Bundaberg), WG: Ken Gayton (Bundaberg), FE: Ken Kennedy (Wallaroos), HB: Stan Daunt (Gympie), LK: Doug Cozens (Maryborough), SR: Col Wilson (Kingaroy), SR: K. Wise (Bundaberg), FR: Sid Murray (Gympie), HK: Les Sommerville (Bundaberg), FR: Keith Kendrick (Maryborough).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067672-0023-0000", "contents": "1950 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian Leg, 1st Test\nGreat Britain: FB: Jimmy Ledgard, WG: Gordon Ratcliffe, CE: Jack Cunliffe, CE: Harry Street, WG: Tom Danby, FE: Dickie Williams, HB: Albert Pepperell, LK: Ken Traill, SR: Bob Ryan, SR: Harry Murphy, PR: Danny Naughton, HK: Frank Osmond, PR: Jim Featherstone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067672-0024-0000", "contents": "1950 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian Leg, 2nd Test\nAustralia: FB: Clive Churchill (23) ( South Sydney), WG: Denis Flannery (21) (Ipswich CYM), CE: Ned Andrews (27) (Mackay), CE: Keith Middleton (18) ( North Sydney), WG: Johnny Graves (23) ( South Sydney), FE: Frank Stanmore (20) ( Western Suburbs), HB: Keith Holman (22) ( Western Suburbs), LK: Les Cowie (25) ( South Sydney), SR: Fred De Belin (28) ( Balmain), SR: Harold Crocker (22) ( Souths), FR: Jack Holland (26) ( St George), HK: Kevin Schubert (22) ( Manly-Warringah), FR: Alan Thompson (26) ( Souths).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 566]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067672-0025-0000", "contents": "1950 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian Leg, 2nd Test\nGreat Britain: FB: Jimmy Ledgard, WG: Gordon Ratcliffe, CE: Ernest Ward, CE: Ernie Ashcroft, WG: Tom Danby, FE: Dickie Williams, HB: Tommy Bradshaw, LK: Harry Street, SR: Fred Higgins, SR: Harry Murphy, PR: Ken Gee, HK: Joe Egan, PR: Elwyn Gwyther.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067672-0026-0000", "contents": "1950 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian Leg, 2nd Test\nToowoomba: FB: William Sullivan ( All Whites), WG: Des McGovern (22) ( All Whites), CE: Bill Callinan ( Newtown), CE: Roy Teys ( Valleys), WG: Bevan Hoyle ( Newtown), FE: L. Winkle (Warwick), LK: William Curtis ( ), SR: Allen Bell (Warwick), SR: M. Smith ( ), FR: M. Krog ( Newtown), HK: Kev Boshammer ( ), FR: Gordon Teys ( Valleys), CH: Duncan Thompson (55).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067672-0027-0000", "contents": "1950 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian Leg, 2nd Test\nGreat Britain: FB: Martin Ryan, WG: Tom Danby, CE: Jack Cunliffe, CE: Ernie Ashcroft, WG: Harry Street, FE: Dickie Williams, HB: Albert Pepperell, LK: Ken Traill, SR: Jim Featherstone, SR: Bob Ryan, PR: Danny Naughton, HK: Joe Egan, PR: Elwyn Gwyther.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067672-0028-0000", "contents": "1950 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian Leg, 2nd Test\nBrisbane: FB: Norm Pope (18) ( Valleys), WG: Jack McMahon ( Brothers), CE: Vivian Irwin ( Wests), CE: Peter Ryan ( Valleys), WG: D. Smith, FE: Ray White ( Souths), HB: Ron Stanton ( Easts), LK: Alan Crocker ( Souths), SR: Brian Davies ( Brothers), SR: Jack Veivers ( Souths), FR: Jack Rooney ( Brothers), HK: Ray Graham ( Valleys), FR: George Walker ( Norths).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067672-0029-0000", "contents": "1950 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian Leg, 2nd Test\nGreat Britain: FB: Jimmy Ledgard, WG: Gordon Ratcliffe, CE: Ernest Ward, CE: Ernie Ashcroft, WG: Tom Danby, FE: Jack Cunliffe, HB: Albert Pepperell, LK: Ken Traill, SR: Harry Murphy, SR: Bob Ryan, PR: Jim Featherstone, HK: Frank Osmond, PR: Danny Naughton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067672-0030-0000", "contents": "1950 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian Leg, 2nd Test\nIpswich: FB: Nev Linde (Tivoli), WG: Denis Flannery (Ipswich CYM), CE: Eric Porter (Tivoli), CE: Colin Quinn (Ipswich CYM), WG: Bill Biggam ( Booval Swifts), FE: Harry Griffiths ( Booval Swifts), HB: Lex Stephens ( West End), LK: Sel Fleming ( West End), SR: Sam Krueger (Ipswich CYM), SR: Frank Evans ( Booval Swifts), PR: Tom Purnell (Tivoli), HK: Ron Griffiths (Ipswich CYM), PR: Stuart Pankoff (Tivoli), CH: Les Heidke.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067672-0031-0000", "contents": "1950 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian Leg, 2nd Test\nGreat Britain: FB: Jimmy Ledgard, WG: Harry Street, CE: Ernest Ward, CE: Martin Ryan, WG: Jack Hilton, FE: Jack Cunliffe, HB: Tommy Bradshaw, LK: Harry Murphy, SR: Bob Ryan, SR: Fred Higgins, PR: Elwyn Gwyther, HK: Joe Egan, PR: Danny Naughton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067672-0032-0000", "contents": "1950 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian Leg, 2nd Test\nNorthern Division: FB: J. Whitton ( Gunnedah), WG: E. O'Brien ( Werris Creek), CE: Bruce Flint (West Armidale), CE: Norman Young (Tamworth), WG: Keith Oehlers (Guyra), FE: Greg Wilkins ( Werris Creek), HB: Eric Fraser ( Werris Creek), LK: C. Urquhart ( Boggabri), SR: E. Benson (Tamworth), SR: L. Grieves ( Werris Creek), PR: Percy Barton ( Narrabri), HK: R. Whitton ( Quirindi), PR: Nev Harrison ( Scone).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067672-0033-0000", "contents": "1950 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian Leg, 2nd Test\nGreat Britain: FB: Jimmy Ledgard, WG: Tom Danby, CE: Ernie Ashcroft, CE: Martin Ryan, WG: Jack Hilton, FE: Jack Cunliffe, HB: Albert Pepperell, LK: Harry Street, SR: Harry Murphy, SR: Doug Phillips, PR: Jim Featherstone, HK: Frank Osmond, PR: Ken Gee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067672-0034-0000", "contents": "1950 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian Leg, 2nd Test\nNew South Wales: FB: Clive Churchill (23) ( South Sydney), WG: Noel Pidding (23) ( St George), CE: Bobby Dimond (20) ( Western Suburbs), CE: Keith Middleton (19) ( North Sydney), WG: Jack Troy (22) ( Newtown), FE: Col Geelan (21) ( Newtown), HB: Keith Holman (23) ( Western Suburbs), LK: Les Cowie (25) ( South Sydney), SR: Fred De Belin (28) ( Balmain), SR: Noel Mulligan (24) ( St George), PR: Denis Donoghue (22) ( South Sydney), HK: Kevin Schubert (22) ( Manly-Warringah), PR: Jack Holland (26) ( St George).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067672-0035-0000", "contents": "1950 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian Leg, 2nd Test\nGreat Britain: FB: Jimmy Ledgard, WG: Harry Street, CE: Roy Pollard, CE: Ernest Ward, WG: Tom Danby, FB: Jack Cunliffe, HB: Albert Pepperell, LK: Ken Traill, SR: Doug Phillips, SR: Fred Higgins, PR: Elwyn Gwyther, HK: Joe Egan, PR: Ken Gee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067672-0036-0000", "contents": "1950 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian Leg, 2nd Test\nSouthern Division: FB: Jack O'Connell (Age: 19) ( Corrimal), WG: Jack McLean (22) ( Bowral), CE: Len Torpy (22) ( Wests), CE: Jack Seymour (23) ( Bowral), WG: Ray Morgan (23) ( Thirroul), FE: Noel Sharpe (21) ( Port Kembla), HB: Ken Brogan (23) ( Camden), LK: Billy Wilson (23) ( Picton), SR: Bill Burgess (27) ( Wollongong), SR: Bruce Smith (23) ( Thirroul), PR: Laurie Doran (31) ( Campbelltown), HK: Leo Hurley (20) ( Port Kembla), PR: Jim Ralston (23) ( Port Kembla), CH: Harry Nolan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067672-0037-0000", "contents": "1950 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian Leg, 2nd Test\nGreat Britain: FB: Martin Ryan, WG: Arthur Daniels, CE: Tom Danby, CE: Harry Street, WG: Roy Pollard, FE: Dickie Williams, HB: Tommy Bradshaw, LK: Ken Traill, SR: Bob Ryan, SR: Harry Murphy, PR: Jim Featherstone, HK: Frank Osmond, PR: Elwyn Gwyther.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067672-0038-0000", "contents": "1950 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian Leg, 3rd Test\nAustralia: FB: Clive Churchill (23) ( South Sydney), WG: Ron Roberts (22) ( St George), CE: Keith Middleton (19) ( North Sydney), CE: Doug McRitchie (27) ( St George), WG: Jack Troy (22) ( Newtown), FE: Frank Stanmore (20) ( Western Suburbs), HB: Keith Holman (23) ( Western Suburbs), LK: Les Cowie (25) ( South Sydney), SR: Bernie Purcell (22) ( South Sydney), SR: Harold Crocker (23) ( Souths), FR: Jack Holland (26) ( St George), HK: Kevin Schubert (22) ( Manly-Warringah), FR: Duncan Hall (24) (Home Hill).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 566]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067672-0039-0000", "contents": "1950 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian Leg, 3rd Test\nGreat Britain: FB: Jimmy Ledgard, WG: Tom Danby, CE: Ernest Ward, CE: Ernie Ashcroft, WG: Jack Hilton, FE: Jack Cunliffe, HB: Tommy Bradshaw, LK: Harry Street, SR: Fred Higgins, SR: Doug Phillips, PR: Elwyn Gwyther, HK: Joe Egan, PR: Ken Gee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067672-0040-0000", "contents": "1950 Great Britain Lions tour, New Zealand leg, 1st Test\nNew Zealand: FB: Des White, WG: Jack Forrest, CE: Tommy Baxter, CE: Maurie Robertson, WG: Bevan Hough, FE: Des Barchard, HB: Jim Haig, PR: Cliff Johnson, HK: George Davidson, PR: Jack Newton, SR: Sandy Hurndell, SR: Charlie McBride, LK: Travers Hardwick.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067672-0041-0000", "contents": "1950 Great Britain Lions tour, New Zealand leg, 1st Test\nGreat Britain: FB: Jimmy Ledgard, WG: Roy Pollard, CE: Ernest Ward, CE: Ernie Ashcroft, WG: Jack Hilton, FE: Dickie Williams, HB: Albert Pepperell, PR: Ken Gee, HK: Joe Egan, PR: Jim Featherstone, SR: Bob Ryan, SR: Fred Higgins, LK: Ken Traill.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067672-0042-0000", "contents": "1950 Great Britain Lions tour, New Zealand leg, 2nd Test\nNew Zealand: FB: Des White, WG: Jack Forrest, CE: Tommy Baxter, CE: Maurie Robertson, WG: Bevan Hough, FE: Des Barchard, HB: Jim Haig, PR: Cliff Johnson, HK: George Davidson, PR: Jack Newton, SR: Sandy Hurndell, SR: Charlie McBride, LK: Travers Hardwick.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067672-0043-0000", "contents": "1950 Great Britain Lions tour, New Zealand leg, 2nd Test\nGreat Britain: FB: Jack Cunliffe, WG: Tom Danby, CE: Ernest Ward, CE: Harry Street, WG: Jack Hilton, FE: Dickie Williams, HB: Tommy Bradshaw, PR: Ken Gee, HK: Joe Egan, PR: Jim Featherstone, SR: Bob Ryan, SR: Fred Higgins, LK: Ken Traill.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067673-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Greek legislative election\nParliamentary elections were held in Greece on 5 March 1950. The People's Party emerged as the largest party in Parliament, winning 62 of the 250 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067674-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Green Bay Packers season\nThe 1950 Green Bay Packers season was their 32nd season overall and their 30th season in the National Football League. The team finished with a 3\u20139 record under first-year head coach Gene Ronzani for a fifth-place finish in the National Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067674-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Green Bay Packers season, Offseason\nTo get the franchise on a firm financial footing, the team started selling stocks publicly for the first time. The stock drive netted $118,000. To replace Curly Lambeau, the Packers named Gene Ronzani as their new head coach and Vice President. The year also saw another change as the team changed its colors to green and yellow from the navy that the club had been wearing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 40], "content_span": [41, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067674-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Green Bay Packers season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 40], "content_span": [41, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067675-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Guamanian legislative election\nParliamentary elections were held in Guam on 7 November 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067675-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Guamanian legislative election, Background\nFollowing the controversy of the Guam Congress Walkout in March 1949, the United States Congress passed the Guam Organic Act of 1950 on 23 May 1950, creating a 21-member Congress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067675-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Guamanian legislative election, Electoral system\nThe 21 members were elected from a single district, with the candidates receiving the most votes being elected. Candidates were required to be at least 25 years old and have lived in Guam for at least five years before the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 53], "content_span": [54, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067675-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Guamanian legislative election, Aftermath\nFollowing the elections, Antonio Borja Won Pat was elected Speaker. The legislature was originally known as the Eleventh Guam Congress, but one of its first acts was to rename the Congress the Legislature, becoming the First Legislature.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 46], "content_span": [47, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067676-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Guatemalan parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Guatemala for half the seats in Congress on 16 December 1950. The Revolutionary Action Party won a plurality of seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067676-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Guatemalan parliamentary election, Results\nThe other parties winning 12 seats were opposition parties, whilst all independents were pro-government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 47], "content_span": [48, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067677-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Guatemalan presidential election\nPresidential elections were held in Guatemala between 10 and 12 November 1950. The result was a victory for Jacobo Arbenz Guzm\u00e1n, who received 65.44% of the vote. Voter turnout was 71.6%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067678-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Haitian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Haiti on 8 October 1950. Paul Magloire was the only candidate in the presidential election, and was elected unopposed running under the Peasant Worker Movement banner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067679-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Hamilton Tiger-Cats season\nThe 1950 Hamilton Tiger-Cats season was the first in franchise history after the two local clubs, the Hamilton Tigers and Hamilton Wildcats, amalgamated before this season began. The new franchise competed in the Interprovincial Rugby Football Union, the highest level of play in Eastern Canada.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067679-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Hamilton Tiger-Cats season\nThe Tiger-Cats finished in 1st place in the East Division with a 7\u20135 record but lost the East Final in a two-game series to the Toronto Argonauts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067680-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Hamilton, Ontario municipal election\nThe 1950 Hamilton municipal election was held on December 6, 1950, to select one Mayor, four Controllers, and sixteen members of the Hamilton, Ontario City Council, as well as members of the local Board of Education. In addition, this election was accompanied by six referendums, each dealing with a major issue in the city at the time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067680-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Hamilton, Ontario municipal election, Mayoral Election\nIn the months before the vote, rumours circulated the city that the city's popular mayor, Lloyd Jackson, would face a serious contest from a number of prominent Controllers, namely William K. Warrender and Henry Arnott Hicks. Despite their amicable relationship with the mayor, their terms on council were widely viewed as spent establishing themselves for a mayoral run.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 59], "content_span": [60, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067680-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Hamilton, Ontario municipal election, Mayoral Election\nOn November 17, Labor-Progressive Party executive member and former city Controller Helen Anderson Coulson announced her intention to stand against the mayor. Discussions concerning possible opponents for the mayor waned after Warrender and Hicks announced their intentions to stand for re-election to the Board of Control, and the possibility of an acclamation for the mayoralty seemed certain. Coulson made the announcement, stating, \"In view of the urgent need for the labour movement to oppose a second term for the sitting incumbent mayor, I have decided...to contest the mayoralty.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 59], "content_span": [60, 647]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067680-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Hamilton, Ontario municipal election, Mayoral Election\nCoulson's announcement brought both indignation and dismissal from prominent officials in the city, with Mayor Jackson simply quipping, \"Let her come\", while Controller Warrender pressed the fact that an avowed Communist was seeking the highest office in the city and the voters should rebuke her for her views. Hicks made a statement to the Spectator the following day, saying that the voters of Hamilton should be, \"stirred out of their lethargy to realize that there are Communists in our midst making a bold bid for support.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 59], "content_span": [60, 588]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067680-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Hamilton, Ontario municipal election, Mayoral Election\n\"Certainly I will be opposed by the big business interests of this city. The Chamber of Commerce, the executives of big corporations of this city; their paid press and radio, will have no sympathy for the policies I am advocating... It is unfortunate that even within the ranks of the labour movement, they have their spokesmen who fall in line with their hysteria.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 59], "content_span": [60, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067680-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Hamilton, Ontario municipal election, Mayoral Election\nThe city's organized labour movement convened shortly after the close of nominations to study the issue of mayoral endorsement. Rather than take the side of Mayor Jackson, a conservative-minded politician or that of Coulson, an avowed Communist, the city's unions pushed for a stronger get-out-the-vote campaign and made individual endorsements for aldermanic and controller seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 59], "content_span": [60, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067680-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 Hamilton, Ontario municipal election, Mayoral Election\nJackson was endorsed by a number of groups, most prominently a taxpayers group called Hamiltonians for Sound Civic Government. Calling itself a group of 'public-spirited citizens', Hamiltonians for Sound Civic Government paid for a series of advertisements in the Hamilton Spectator, supporting the mayor and most of the sitting Board of Control.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 59], "content_span": [60, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067680-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 Hamilton, Ontario municipal election, Mayoral Election\nCoulson was shut out of most advertising in the Spectator, while Jackson maintained a considerable presence, actively highlighting his platform points of reevaluating the city's tax assessment process, constructing more public recreation facilities, including outdoor pools and skating rinks, and improving traffic in the city core.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 59], "content_span": [60, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067680-0008-0000", "contents": "1950 Hamilton, Ontario municipal election, Mayoral Election\nDuring the time of the election, Jackson found himself embroiled in controversy over comments made concerning potential annexation of land in Barton Township to the south of the city's limits at Fennell Avenue. City engineers noted that it would be appropriate for Hamilton to take control of lands as far south as Limeridge Road. Controllers debated the necessity of expanding farther onto the Mountain, urging the mayor to instead consider looking to lands along the shore of Lake Ontario.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 59], "content_span": [60, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067680-0009-0000", "contents": "1950 Hamilton, Ontario municipal election, Mayoral Election\nOn election night, Jackson told the Spectator, \"I cannot tell you just what it means to one's faith, confidence, and courage to know that the great majority of the citizens are behind one\", with the paper editorializing that the win was a \"vote of confidence in the mayor's leadership, and a tribute to his vigorous administration of civic affairs.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 59], "content_span": [60, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067681-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Hardin\u2013Simmons Cowboys football team\nThe 1950 Hardin\u2013Simmons Cowboys football team was an American football team that represented Hardin\u2013Simmons University in the Border Conference during the 1950 college football season. In its seventh season under head coach Warren B. Woodson, the team compiled a 5\u20135 record (3\u20133 against conference opponents), finished fifth in the conference, and outscored opponents by a total of 278 to 180.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067681-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Hardin\u2013Simmons Cowboys football team\nOnly one Hardin-Simmons players was named to the 1950 All-Border Conference football team: quarterback John Ford.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067682-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Harvard Crimson football team\nThe 1950 Harvard Crimson football team was an American football team that represented Harvard University during the 1950 college football season. In their first year under head coach Lloyd Jordan, the Crimson compiled a 1\u20137 record and were outscored 248 to 74. Philip L. Isenberg was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067682-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Harvard Crimson football team\nHarvard played its home games at Harvard Stadium in the Allston neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067683-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Hawaii Rainbows football team\nThe 1950 Hawaii Rainbows football team represented the University of Hawai\u02bbi as an independent during the 1950 college football season. In their sixth season under head coach Tom Kaulukukui, the Rainbows compiled a 5\u20134\u20132 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067684-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Hawthorn Football Club season\nThe 1950 season was the Hawthorn Football Club's 26th season in the Victorian Football League and 49th overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067685-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Heathrow BEA Vickers Viking crash\nThe 1950 Heathrow BEA Vickers Viking crash occurred on 31 October 1950 when a Vickers Viking operated by British European Airways (BEA) crashed at London Airport in heavy fog. The aircraft was on a scheduled flight between Paris and London's Northolt airport and 28 of the 30 passengers and crew on board were killed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067685-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Heathrow BEA Vickers Viking crash, Accident\nAt 6.39 pm on the evening of the accident, a Vickers VC.1 Viking twin-engined airliner of BEA (registered G-AHPN and named Lord St Vincent) took off from Le Bourget Airport in Paris on a scheduled flight to Northolt airport, London with a crew of four and 26 passengers. A weather forecast obtained before the flight took off had warned of poor visibility, and about 45 minutes after departure as the aircraft neared London, British air traffic control (ATC) informed the pilot that fog had reduced the visibility at Northolt to 50\u00a0yd (46\u00a0m).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 48], "content_span": [49, 591]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067685-0001-0001", "contents": "1950 Heathrow BEA Vickers Viking crash, Accident\nOn receiving this information, the pilot announced that he would attempt to land at London Airport instead. Although visibility at London Airport was only 40\u00a0yd (37\u00a0m), it had the facilities for a Ground-controlled approach (GCA, i.e. a \"talkdown\" by radar operators). The pilot told ATC that if he could not safely land at London Airport, he would divert to Blackbushe Airport in Hampshire or Manston Airport in Kent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 48], "content_span": [49, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067685-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Heathrow BEA Vickers Viking crash, Accident\nThe aircraft carried out what appeared to be a normal GCA, reaching the decision height of 140\u00a0ft (43\u00a0m) at about 400\u00a0yd (366\u00a0m) from the end of the runway. Shortly after reaching this point the pilot announced over the radio, I am overshooting (aborting the landing attempt and carrying out a go-around), but a few seconds later the aircraft struck the runway and skidded along it for 140\u00a0ft (43\u00a0m) before regaining the air.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 48], "content_span": [49, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067685-0002-0001", "contents": "1950 Heathrow BEA Vickers Viking crash, Accident\nWith both propellers damaged by the initial contact with the ground, it finally crashed approximately 3,000\u00a0ft (914\u00a0m) further along the runway, the starboard wing being torn off and the aircraft bursting into flames as it came to rest next to a store of drain-pipes. The thick fog hindered rescue attempts and it took the fire and rescue teams 16 to 17 minutes to find the crashed aircraft. Of the 30 people on board there were only two survivors, a stewardess and a passenger; both had been seated near the tail.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 48], "content_span": [49, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067685-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Heathrow BEA Vickers Viking crash, Investigation\nA public inquiry was set up to investigate the accident, chaired by Sir Walter Monckton; while a more general investigation of the relative responsibilities of pilots and ground control with respect to landings in poor weather conditions was to be led by Lord Brabazon of Tara, the aviation pioneer and former Minister of Transport.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 53], "content_span": [54, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067685-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Heathrow BEA Vickers Viking crash, Investigation\nLord Brabazon reported first, in February 1951, making a number of recommendations regarding the lighting of airfields in poor weather conditions, the measurement of visibility and the setting of minimum weather conditions for landing. While the accident report could not establish for certain the precise cause of the accident, it concluded that the pilot had probably intentionally descended below the decision height, only aborting the landing when the aircraft entered the fog bank at an altitude of less than 100\u00a0ft (30\u00a0m).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 53], "content_span": [54, 582]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067685-0004-0001", "contents": "1950 Heathrow BEA Vickers Viking crash, Investigation\nAlice Steen, the hostess who had survived, had reported to the accident inquiry that the pilot Captain Clayton came back into the cabin and told her that they would not be landing at Northolt but at London Airport instead where the visibility was 400\u00a0yd (366\u00a0m); it was noted by the inquiry that Clayton had been told 40\u00a0yd (37\u00a0m) on the radio.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 53], "content_span": [54, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067685-0004-0002", "contents": "1950 Heathrow BEA Vickers Viking crash, Investigation\nIt was also noted that BEA's operating manual was confusing as to whether the decision heights stated were compulsory or advisory only, and Monckton recommended that aircraft be prohibited from landing where the visibility was significantly below the minimum conditions set by the operator. The recommendations of both Brazabon and Monckton were all implemented.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 53], "content_span": [54, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067686-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Holy Cross Crusaders football team\nThe 1950 Holy Cross Crusaders football team was an American football team that represented the College of the Holy Cross as an independent during the 1950 college football season. In its seventh, non-consecutive year under head coach Eddie Anderson, the team compiled a 4\u20135\u20131 record. The team played its home games at Fitton Field in Worcester, Massachusetts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067687-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Houston Cougars football team\nThe 1950 Houston Cougars football team was an American football team that represented the University of Houston as an independent during the 1950 college football season. In its third season under head coach Clyde Lee, the team compiled a 4\u20136 record. Bill Moeller and Max Clark were the team captains. The team played its home games at Public School Stadium in Houston.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067688-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team\nThe 1950 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team represented Humboldt State College during the 1950 college football season. Humboldt State competed in the Far Western Conference (FWC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067688-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team\nThe 1950 Lumberjacks were led by head coach Ted Staffler in his second and last year at the helm. They played home games at the Redwood Bowl in Arcata, California. Due to injuries, the Lumberjacks cancelled the last three games of the season. Humboldt State finished with a record of zero wins, four losses and one tie (0\u20134\u20131, 0\u20134 FWC). The Lumberjacks were outscored by their opponents 28\u2013200 for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067688-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team\nThe Lumberjacks did not win a game during Ted Staffler's tenure at Humboldt State. They finished 0\u201312\u20132 (.071). His winning percentage is the lowest in school history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067688-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Humboldt State players were selected in the 1951 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 70], "content_span": [71, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067689-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships\nThe 1950 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships were held in Copenhagen, Denmark. This event was held under the International Canoe Federation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067689-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships\nThe men's competition consisted of four Canadian (single paddle, open boat) and nine kayak events. Two events were held for the women, both in kayak. Events that debuted at these championships were C-1 10000 m and K-4 10000 m.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067690-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Ice Hockey World Championships\nThe 17th Ice Hockey World Championships and 28th European Championships were held from 13 to 22 March 1950 in London, England. Canada, represented by the Edmonton Mercurys, won its 13th World Championship. Highest ranking European team Switzerland finished third, winning its fourth European Championship. Defending World and European champion Czechoslovakia was absent from the tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067690-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Ice Hockey World Championships, History and political issues\nOfficially, the defending champion Czechoslovaks did not arrive in London because two of their journalists did not receive their visas. In reality, communist authorities had become uneasy after the LTC Praha (LTC Prague) club team had suffered defections at the 1948 Spengler Cup in Davos, the death of six national team players in a plane crash a few months before the 1949 World Ice Hockey Championships, and the defection of former national hockey team player (and future Wimbledon tennis champion) Jaroslav Drobn\u00fd in June 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 65], "content_span": [66, 597]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067690-0001-0001", "contents": "1950 Ice Hockey World Championships, History and political issues\nThe authorities arrested several members of the 1950 national team while they were awaiting their delayed flight at the Prague Airport. On 7 October 1950, the players appeared in court charged with espionage and were named \"state traitors.\" At issue was the claim that several players on the 1950 national team, who played their club hockey with LTC Praha, had discussed defecting in Davos in 1948\u2014though only Miroslav Sl\u00e1ma, two other players and one of the heads of the delegation had actually defected at that Spengler Cup tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 65], "content_span": [66, 603]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067690-0001-0002", "contents": "1950 Ice Hockey World Championships, History and political issues\nAll twelve men were convicted, with sentences ranging from eight months to 15 years. Then current LTC Praha and former national team goaltender Bohumil Modr\u00fd, a delegate with the 1950 national team, was the one to receive the 15 year sentence, as he was mysteriously cast as the \"main figure\" in the potential defection plan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 65], "content_span": [66, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067690-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Ice Hockey World Championships, History and political issues\nDespite the politics, International Ice Hockey Federation president W. G. Hardy stressed that the event was \"to promote international amity\". Hardy credited the Sweden men's national ice hockey team for great improvements reflecting the growth of the game in Sweden.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 65], "content_span": [66, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067690-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Ice Hockey World Championships, World Hockey Championships (in London, England)\nIn a format similar to the 1949 championships, in the initial round, the nine teams participating were divided into three groups with three teams each. In the second round, the top two teams in each group advanced to the medal pool (for positions 1 through 6) with the remaining three teams advancing to the consolation pool for places 7 through 9.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 84], "content_span": [85, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067690-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Ice Hockey World Championships, World Hockey Championships (in London, England), First Round, Final Round \u2013 places 1 to 6\nNote: While the U.S. team technically placed second, Switzerland as the European Champion received the Silver Medal. The U.S. team received the Bronze medal for their second-place finish.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 126], "content_span": [127, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067691-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Idaho Vandals football team\nThe 1950 Idaho Vandals football team represented the University of Idaho in the 1950 college football season. The Vandals were led by fourth-year head coach Dixie Howell and were members of the Pacific Coast Conference. Home games were played on campus at Neale Stadium in Moscow, with one game in Boise at old Bronco Stadium at Boise Junior College, the season opener at the new venue.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067691-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Idaho Vandals football team\nLed on the field by quarterbacks Max Glaves and Wayne Anderson, Idaho compiled a 3\u20135\u20131 overall record and were 1\u20131\u20131 in their three PCC games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067691-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Idaho Vandals football team\nThe Vandals broke a 21-game losing streak in the Battle of the Palouse with neighbor Washington State, with a 7\u20137 tie in the mud at Pullman. But the winless streak against the Cougars was up to 24 games, 0\u201322\u20132 since taking three straight in 1923\u201325; Idaho finally won four years later, also in Pullman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067691-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Idaho Vandals football team\nIn the rivalry game with Montana at Neale Stadium four weeks earlier, favored Idaho was upset  27\u201328 and relinquished the Little Brown Stein. This was the last Montana win in the series for a decade; Idaho won the next eight, through 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067691-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Idaho Vandals football team\nIdaho hosted Oregon for homecoming on October 14 and defeated the Webfoots for the first time in a quarter century. They also hosted #18 Wyoming, but fell by seven points in a scoreless second half; the Cowboys won all nine games and were ranked twelfth at the end of the regular season, then won the Gator Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067691-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Idaho Vandals football team\nThe Vandals made distant non-conference road trips to El Paso, Boston, and Tempe. The East Coast trip was a day game win in historic Fenway Park, while the other two in the Southwest were night losses. (Idaho had played at Fenway ten years earlier, with much different results.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067691-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 Idaho Vandals football team, Coaching change\nAfter the season in December, Howell and his staff were given one-year contract extensions. Three months later, in late March\u00a01951, university president Jesse Buchanan requested and received the resignations of Howell and two assistants, due to \"lack of harmony\" on the coaching staff. One of those assistants was ends coach Babe Curfman, who was then asked by the administration to be the interim coach during the upcoming spring drills. He made a good impression and was re-hired as head coach in mid-April.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 49], "content_span": [50, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067691-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 Idaho Vandals football team, All-conference\nNo Vandals were on the All-Coast team; honorable mention were guard Roy Colquitt and fullback King Block.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067691-0008-0000", "contents": "1950 Idaho Vandals football team, NFL Draft\nThree seniors from the 1950 Vandals were selected in the 1951 NFL Draft:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067692-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Idaho gubernatorial election\nThe 1950 Idaho gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 2018, to elect the next Governor of Idaho, alongside an election to the United States Senate, elections to the United States House of Representatives and other state and local elections. Incumbent governor C. A. Robins did not run. Republican nominee Leonard B. Jordan defeated Democratic nominee Calvin E. Wright with 52.56% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067693-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Illinois Fighting Illini football team\nThe 1950 Illinois Fighting Illini football team was an American football team that represented the University of Illinois during the 1950 Big Nine Conference football season. In their ninth year under head coach Ray Eliot, the Illini compiled a 7\u20132 record, finished in fourth place in the Big Ten Conference, and were ranked #13 in the final AP Poll. The lone setbacks were losses Wisconsin and Northwestern. End Tony Klimek was selected as the team's most valuable player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067694-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Illinois State Normal Redbirds football team\nThe 1950 Illinois State Normal Redbirds football team represented Illinois State Normal University (now known as Illinois State University) in the 1950 college football season. They were led by sixth-year head coach Edwin Struck and played their home games at McCormick Field. Illinois State Normal was a member of the Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference. The Redbirds finished the season with a 7\u20131\u20132 record overall and a 5\u20130\u20131 record in conference play, making the team conference champions. The team lost to Missouri Mines in the postseason Corn Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 615]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067695-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Illinois elections\nElections were held in Illinois on Tuesday, November 7, 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 85]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067695-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Illinois elections, Election information\n1950 was a midterm election year in the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 45], "content_span": [46, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067695-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Illinois elections, Election information, Turnout\nIn the primary election 1,789,787 ballots were cast (912,563 Democratic and 877,224 Republican).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 54], "content_span": [55, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067695-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Illinois elections, Federal elections, United States Senate\nIncumbent Senate Majority Leader Scott W. Lucas, a two-term incumbent Democratic senator, lost reelection to Republican Everett Dirksen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 64], "content_span": [65, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067695-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Illinois elections, Federal elections, United States House\nAll 26 Illinois seats in the United States House of Representatives were up for election in 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 63], "content_span": [64, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067695-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Illinois elections, Federal elections, United States House\nRepublicans flipped four Republican-held seats, leaving the Illinois House delegation to consist of 18 Republicans and 8 Democrats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 63], "content_span": [64, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067695-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 Illinois elections, State elections, Treasurer\nIncumbent first-term Treasurer, Democrat Ora Smith, did not seek reelection, instead running for Clerk of the Supreme Court. Republican William Stratton was elected to succeed him, earning Stratton a second non-consecutive term as Treasurer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 51], "content_span": [52, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067695-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 Illinois elections, State elections, Treasurer, Republican primary\nFormer Illinois Treasurer and congressman William Stratton won the Republican primary. He defeated Cook County Treasurer Louis E. Nelson, former congressman James Simpson Jr., fellow former Illinois Treasurer Warren E. Wright, Chicago alderman Theron W. Merryman, among others.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 71], "content_span": [72, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067695-0008-0000", "contents": "1950 Illinois elections, State elections, Superintendent of Public Instruction\nIncumbent  Superintendent of Public Instruction Vernon L. Nickell, a Republican, was reelected to a third term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 78], "content_span": [79, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067695-0009-0000", "contents": "1950 Illinois elections, State elections, Clerk of the Supreme Court\nIncumbent Clerk of the Supreme Court Earle Benjamin Searcy, a Republican, was reelected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 68], "content_span": [69, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067695-0010-0000", "contents": "1950 Illinois elections, State elections, Clerk of the Supreme Court, Democratic primary\nIllinois Treasurer Ora Smith won the Democratic primary, running unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 88], "content_span": [89, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067695-0011-0000", "contents": "1950 Illinois elections, State elections, Clerk of the Supreme Court, Republican primary\nIncumbent Earle Benjamin Searcy won the Republican primary, defeating three challengers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 88], "content_span": [89, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067695-0012-0000", "contents": "1950 Illinois elections, State elections, State Senate\nSeats in the Illinois Senate were up for election in 1950. Republicans flipped control of the chamber.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 54], "content_span": [55, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067695-0013-0000", "contents": "1950 Illinois elections, State elections, State House of Representatives\nSeats in the Illinois House of Representatives were up for election in 1950. Republicans remained in control of the chamber.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 72], "content_span": [73, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067695-0014-0000", "contents": "1950 Illinois elections, State elections, Trustees of University of Illinois\nAn election was held for three of nine seats for Trustees of University of Illinois.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 76], "content_span": [77, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067695-0015-0000", "contents": "1950 Illinois elections, State elections, Trustees of University of Illinois\nNew Republican members Harold \"Red\" Grange Wayne A. Johnston, and Herbert B. Megran were elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 76], "content_span": [77, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067695-0016-0000", "contents": "1950 Illinois elections, State elections, Trustees of University of Illinois\nSecond-term Democrat Karl A. Meyer lost reelection. Democrat Kenney E. Williamson (serving his first full, and second overall term) also lost reelection. Incumbent first-term Democrat Walter W. McLaughlin was not nominated for reelection, with former member Harold Pogue nominated instead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 76], "content_span": [77, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067695-0017-0000", "contents": "1950 Illinois elections, State elections, Judicial elections\nOn April 11, two special elections were held, one to fill a vacancy of the Circuit Court of Cook County and one to fill a vacancy on the Superior Court of Cook County.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 60], "content_span": [61, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067695-0018-0000", "contents": "1950 Illinois elections, State elections, Ballot measures\nOne measure was put before voters in 1950, a legislatively referred constitutional amendment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 57], "content_span": [58, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067695-0019-0000", "contents": "1950 Illinois elections, State elections, Ballot measures\nIn order to be approved, it required approval equal to a majority of voters voting in the entire general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 57], "content_span": [58, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067695-0020-0000", "contents": "1950 Illinois elections, State elections, Ballot measures, Proposed Amendment to Section 2 of Article XIV of the Constitution\nProposed Amendment to Section 2 of Article XIV of the Constitution, a legislatively referred constitutional amendment, was approved by voters. It made it so that the legislature would be able to propose modifications of up to three articles of the constitution per session, and also made it so that future constitutional amendments would require either a two-thirds vote of the voters voting on the question or a majority of voter voting in the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 125], "content_span": [126, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067696-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Indiana Hoosiers football team\nThe 1950 Indiana Hoosiers football team represented the Indiana Hoosiers in the 1950 Big Nine Conference football season. The Hoosiers played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Bloomington, Indiana. The team was coached by Clyde B. Smith, in his third year as head coach of the Hoosiers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067697-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Indianapolis 500\nThe 34th International 500-Mile Sweepstakes was held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway on Tuesday, May 30, 1950. The event was part of the 1950 AAA National Championship Trail. It was also race 3 of 7 in the 1950 World  Championship of Drivers and paid points towards the World Championship. The event, however, did not attract any European Formula One drivers for 1950. Giuseppe Farina originally planned to enter, but his car never arrived. The Indianapolis 500 would be included on the World Championship calendar through 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067697-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Indianapolis 500\nThe race was originally scheduled for 200 laps (500 miles), but was stopped after 138 laps (345 miles) due to rain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067697-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Indianapolis 500\nA rumor circulated in racing circles during and after this race that Johnnie Parsons's team discovered an irreparable crack in the engine block on race morning. The discovery supposedly precipitated Parsons to charge for the lap leader prizes. Presumably, he set his sights on leading as many laps as possible before the engine inevitably was to fail. Furthermore, the race ending early due to rain supposedly saved Parsons's day allowing him to secure the victory before the engine let go. However, the engine block crack was proved to be an urban myth, and it was said to be a very minor but acceptable level of porosity, which did not significantly affect the performance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 697]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067697-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Indianapolis 500\nParsons's win saw him score 9 points and move to a temporary first-place tie (after 3 races on the Formula One season calendar) in the first ever World Drivers' Championship, alongside Nino Farina and Juan Manuel Fangio, and also saw him become the first American to win a World Championship race. Parsons is one of only three drivers to have won his first World Championship race, the other two being Farina, who won the first World Championship race (the 1950 British Grand Prix, 17 days earlier) and Giancarlo Baghetti, who won the 1961 French Grand Prix. Despite the 500 being his only race in the 1950 World Championship, it would be enough to see him finish the championship 6th in points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 717]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067697-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Indianapolis 500\nDuring the month, Clark Gable and Barbara Stanwyck were at the track to film scenes for the film To Please a Lady. Stanwyck was on hand in victory lane after the race for the traditional celebratory kiss to the winner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067697-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio\nThe race was carried live on the Mutual Broadcasting System, the precursor to the IMS Radio Network. The broadcast was sponsored by Perfect Circle Piston Rings and Bill Slater served as the anchor. Sid Collins moved into the booth for the first time to serve as analyst, and conducted the victory lane interview at the conclusion of the race. The broadcast feature live coverage of the start, the finish, and live updates throughout the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 42], "content_span": [43, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067697-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio\nPrior to the race, it was reported that Slater might miss the race, due to illness. WIBC personality Sid Collins was named as a replacement, however, Slater was able to arrive in time for race day. Collins, who had previously served as a turn reporter, was invited to be the co-anchor in the booth. For the first time, Collins interviewed the winner in victory lane at the conclusion of the race. Collins claims he burned his trousers on Parsons's hot exhaust pipe during the interview, which took place in the rain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 42], "content_span": [43, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067697-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio\nBecause the race was shortened, Mutual had to interrupt Queen for a Day to cover the finish of the abbreviated event. This was cited by some as a reason why the Speedway would begin flag-to-flag coverage in 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 42], "content_span": [43, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067697-0008-0000", "contents": "1950 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Television\nThe race was carried live for the second year in a row on local television on WFBM-TV channel 6 of Indianapolis. Earl Townsend, Jr. was the announcer, along with Dick Pittenger and Paul Roberts. After the race, Speedway management disallowed WFBM from broadcasting the race live again, feeling that gate attendance had been negatively affected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 47], "content_span": [48, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067698-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Individual Speedway Polish Championship\nThe 1950 Individual Speedway Polish Championship was the sixth running of the Individual Speedway Polish Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067698-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Individual Speedway Polish Championship\nThe Polish Champion was J\u00f3zef Olejniczak. The Honourable Polish Champion was Alfred Smoczyk (he die 26 September 1950).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067698-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Individual Speedway Polish Championship, Heat details\nE\u00a0\u2013 retired or mechanical failure \u2022F\u00a0\u2013 fell \u2022N\u00a0\u2013 non-starter", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 58], "content_span": [59, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067699-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Individual Speedway World Championship\nThe 1950 Individual Speedway World Championship was the fifth edition of the official World Championship to determine the world champion rider.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067699-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Individual Speedway World Championship\nSpeedway riders from New Zealand and Wales appeared in the World Championship for the first time. The title was won by Welshman Freddie Williams with the pivotal heat being the heat against Australian Graham Warren. Warren and Williams both unbeaten met in their third rides and as Warren challenged Williams for the lead he was forced to drop behind Williams. Warren then hit a bump and fell which cost him valuable points and the chance to win the title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067699-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Individual Speedway World Championship\nRonnie Moore became the youngest finalist at the age of just 17.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067700-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Indo-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship\nThe 1950 India-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship (official name: Treaty of Peace and Friendship Between the Government of India and Government of Nepal) is a bilateral treaty between Nepal and India establishing a close strategic relationship between the two South Asian neighbours. The treaty was signed at Kathmandu on 31 July 1950 by the last Rana Prime Minister of Nepal Mohan Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana and Indian ambassador to Nepal, Chadreshwar Narayan Singh and came into force the same day as per Article 9 of the Treaty. Rana rule in Nepal ended just 3 months after the treaty was signed. The treaty allows free movement of people and goods between the two nations and a close relationship and collaboration on matters of defense and foreign policy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 809]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067700-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Indo-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship, Provisions\nThe India-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship was signed by the last Rana Prime Minister of Nepal, Mohan Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana, and the Indian Ambassador to Nepal, Chandreshwor Narayan Singh on 31 July 1950 and came into force the same day. It has ten articles. The treaty provides for everlasting peace and friendship between the two countries and the two governments agree mutually to acknowledge and respect the complete sovereignty, territorial integrity and independence of each other.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 58], "content_span": [59, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067700-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Indo-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship, Provisions\nAs per Articles 6 and 7, the two governments agree to grant, on a reciprocal basis, to the nationals of one country in the territories of the other, the same privileges in the matter of residence, ownership of property (requires RBI permission), participation in trade and commerce, movement and other privileges of a similar nature. This enables Nepalese and Indian citizens to move freely across the border without passport or visa, live and work in either country and own property or conduct trade or business in either country. There are a large number of Indians living, owning property and working or doing business in Nepal as a beneficial aspect of the treaty for India. Reciprocally, many Nepalese live, own property and conduct business freely in India.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 58], "content_span": [59, 822]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067700-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Indo-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship, Provisions\nFor centuries, Nepal remained in self-imposed isolation. After the 1860 treaty with the East India Company, Prime Minister Jung Bahadur Rana of Nepal allowed Indians to purchase and sell land in Nepal's Terai. After the ascent of Mt. Everest by Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay, Nepal completely lifted its ban on foreigners.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 58], "content_span": [59, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067700-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Indo-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship, Provisions\nThe King of Nepal enacted the Citizenship Act of 1952 that allowed Indians to emigrate to Nepal and acquire Nepalese citizenship. But as more and more Indian immigrants from Bihar started acquiring Nepalese citizenship, most Nepalese became resentful of this provision.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 58], "content_span": [59, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067700-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Indo-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship, Text of the Treaty\nTreaty of Peace and Friendship Between the Government of India and the Government of Nepal. Signed at Kathmandu, ON 31 July 1950. The Government of India and the Government of Nepal, recognizing the ancient ties which have happily existed between the two countries;Desiring still further to strengthen and develop these ties and to perpetuate peace between the two countries;Have resolved therefore to enter into a Treaty of Peace and Friendship with each other, and have, for this purpose, appointed as their plenipotentiaries the following persons, namely,The Government of India:His Excellency Shri Chandreshwar Prasad Narain Singh, Ambassador of India in Nepal. The Government of Nepal:Maharaja Mohan Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana, Prime Minister and Supreme Commander-in-Chief of Nepal,", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 66], "content_span": [67, 855]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067700-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 Indo-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship, Text of the Treaty\nwho having examined each other's credentials and found them good and in due form have agreed as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 66], "content_span": [67, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067700-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 Indo-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship, Text of the Treaty\nArticle 1There shall be everlasting peace and friendship between the Government of India and the Government of Nepal. The two Governments agree mutually to acknowledge and respect the complete sovereignty, territorial integrity and independence of each other,", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 66], "content_span": [67, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067700-0008-0000", "contents": "1950 Indo-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship, Text of the Treaty\nArticle 2The two Governments hereby undertake to inform each other of any serious friction or misunderstanding with any neighboring State likely to cause any breach in the friendly relations subsisting between the two Governments.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 66], "content_span": [67, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067700-0009-0000", "contents": "1950 Indo-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship, Text of the Treaty\nArticle 3 In order to establish and maintain the relations referred to in Article 1 the two Governments agree to continue diplomatic relations with each other by means of representatives with such staff as is necessary for the due performance of their functions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 66], "content_span": [67, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067700-0009-0001", "contents": "1950 Indo-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship, Text of the Treaty\nThe representatives and such of their staff as may be agreed upon shall enjoy such diplomatic privileges and immunities as are customarily granted by international law on a reciprocal basis \u00a0: Provided that in no case shall these be less than those granted to persons of a similar status of any other State having diplomatic relations with either Government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 66], "content_span": [67, 425]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067700-0010-0000", "contents": "1950 Indo-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship, Text of the Treaty\nArticle 4The two Governments agree to appoint Consuls-General, Consuls, Vice-Consuls and other consular agents, who shall reside in towns, ports and other places in each other's territory as may be agreed to. Consuls-General, Consuls, Vice-Consuls and consular agents shall be provided with exequaturs or other valid authorization of their appointment. Such exequatur or authorization is liable to be withdrawn by the country which issued it, if considered necessary. The reasons for the withdrawal shall be indicated wherever possible. The persons mentioned above shall enjoy on a reciprocal basis all the rights, privileges, exemptions and immunities that are accorded to persons of corresponding status of any other State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 66], "content_span": [67, 792]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067700-0011-0000", "contents": "1950 Indo-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship, Text of the Treaty\nArticle 5The Government of Nepal shall be free to import, from or through the territory of India, arms, ammunition or warlike material and equipment necessary for the security of Nepal. The procedure for giving effect to this arrangement shall be worked out by the two Governments acting in consultation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 66], "content_span": [67, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067700-0012-0000", "contents": "1950 Indo-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship, Text of the Treaty\nArticle 6Each Government undertakes, in token of the neighborly friendship between India and Nepal, to give to the nationals of the other, in its territory, national treatment with regard to participation in industrial and economic development of such territory and to the grant of concessions and contracts, relating to such development.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 66], "content_span": [67, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067700-0013-0000", "contents": "1950 Indo-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship, Text of the Treaty\nArticle 7The Governments of India and Nepal agree to grant, on a reciprocal basis, to the nationals of one country in the territories of the other the same privileges in the matter of residence, ownership of property, participation in trade and commerce, movement and other privileges of a similar nature.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 66], "content_span": [67, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067700-0014-0000", "contents": "1950 Indo-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship, Text of the Treaty\nArticle 8So far as matters dealt with herein are concerned, this Treaty cancels all previous Treaties, agreements, and engagements entered into on behalf of India between the British Government and the Government of Nepal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 66], "content_span": [67, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067700-0015-0000", "contents": "1950 Indo-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship, Text of the Treaty\nArticle 9This Treaty shall come into force from the date of signature by both Governments.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 66], "content_span": [67, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067700-0016-0000", "contents": "1950 Indo-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship, Text of the Treaty\nArticle 10This Treaty shall remain in force until it is terminated by either party by giving one year's notice.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 66], "content_span": [67, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067700-0017-0000", "contents": "1950 Indo-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship, Text of the Treaty\nDone in duplicate at Kathmandu this 31st day of July 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 66], "content_span": [67, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067700-0018-0000", "contents": "1950 Indo-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship, Text of the Treaty\n(Signed) Chandreshwar Prasad Narain Singh For the Government of India", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 66], "content_span": [67, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067700-0019-0000", "contents": "1950 Indo-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship, Text of the Treaty\n(Signed)  Mohan Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana For the Government of Nepal", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 66], "content_span": [67, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067700-0020-0000", "contents": "1950 Indo-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship, Background\nThe himalayan Nation of Nepal borders northern India in the south, east and west. During British rule in India, Nepal's ties with the British government were governed by the 1816 Treaty of Sugauli that was replaced by the 1923 \"Treaty of perpetual peace and friendship\" or  Nepal\u2013Britain Treaty of 1923. After the independence of India in 1947, the two nations sought to forge close strategic, commercial and cultural relations. The rise of Communist China in 1949 and the subsequent invasion of Tibet heightened security concerns in both India and Nepal. India had maintained good relations with Tibet, but the Rana rulers of Nepal feared that China would support the Communist Party of Nepal and sponsor a communist revolution that would overthrow their autocratic regime.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 58], "content_span": [59, 833]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067700-0021-0000", "contents": "1950 Indo-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship, Background\nWith heightening concerns over the security threat to India presented by Communist China, which was seen as seeking to project power and influence over Nepal, Sikkim and Bhutan and China's border disputes with India, the latter sought to strengthen its \"Himalayan frontier\" by forging an alliance on defence and foreign affairs with the Rana rulers of Nepal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 58], "content_span": [59, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067700-0022-0000", "contents": "1950 Indo-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship, Criticism\nThis treaty is called unequal by most Nepalese since Nepalese law does not permit an open border, and Indians, by law, should not be able to buy lands and properties in Nepal or carry out businesses in their names. They claim that the 1950 treaty was signed by undemocratic rulers of Nepal and can be scrapped by a one-year notice. The treaty has been unpopular especially among Pahari segments of Nepal, who often regard it as a breach of its sovereignty. Also, agreements were manipulated in the favour of antidemocratic autocratic rule of Nepal, where the power of the people is fragmented.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 57], "content_span": [58, 651]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067700-0023-0000", "contents": "1950 Indo-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship, Deterioration of bilateral relations\nAlthough initially supported enthusiastically by both the Rana rulers and Indian establishment, the treaty became the subject of increased resentment in Nepal, which saw it as an encroachment of its sovereignty and an unwelcome extension of Indian influence. After an abortive attempt in 1952 of the Communist Party of Nepal to overthrow the autocratic Rana rule with Chinese backing, India and the Rana regime stepped up military and intelligence cooperation under treaty provisions, and India sent a military mission to Nepal which was regarded by leftist Nepalese as an undue extension of Indian influence in Nepal. In the late 1950s and the 1960s, after the advent of democracy in Nepal, it and China forged better relations, and relations with India deteriorated. Nepal forced the Indian military mission to leave, and both nations began ignoring the treaty provisions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 84], "content_span": [85, 959]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067700-0024-0000", "contents": "1950 Indo-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship, Deterioration of bilateral relations\nIt was temporarily brought closer to India after the Sino-Indian War in 1962, but Nepal resented the growth of India's regional power in the 1970s. The extensive Indian trade and economic influence was also resented by some in Nepal. In 1975 after the annexation of Sikkim by India, Nepal began openly lobbying for renegotiation of the treaty and proposed itself as a Zone of Peace between India and China, where military competition would be off-limits. India refused to endorse the proposal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 84], "content_span": [85, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067700-0025-0000", "contents": "1950 Indo-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship, Deterioration of bilateral relations, Proposed scrapping\nUpon forming a coalition government after the 2008 Nepalese Constituent Assembly election, the leader of the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) Pushpa Kamal Dahal said on 24 April 2008 that the 1950 treaty would be scrapped and a new pact would be negotiated with India. However, he did not pursue the matter and had to resign as prime minister within nine months. However, in 2014, both India and Nepal agreed to \"review\" and \"adjust\" the peace treaty to reflect the current realities.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 104], "content_span": [105, 590]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067700-0026-0000", "contents": "1950 Indo-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship, Deterioration of bilateral relations, Nepal India Open Border Dialogue Group\nPeople of Terai region of Nepal and Indian state of Bihar formed a group Nepal India Open Border Dialogue Group. Initially the group formed to understand the issue related to flooding in Nepal India Border later the group started advocating for open border and organised several seminar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 124], "content_span": [125, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067700-0027-0000", "contents": "1950 Indo-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship, Revision of the Treaty\nIn January 2021, Nepal Foreign Minister Pradeep Kumar Gyawali said, that Nepal wants India to  review and revise the 1950 Indo-Nepal Treaty to reflect the changes and new .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 70], "content_span": [71, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067701-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 International Cross Country Championships\nThe 1950 International Cross Country Championships was held in Brussels, Belgium, at the Hippodrome de Boitsfort on March 25, 1950. A report on the event was given in the Glasgow Herald.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067701-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 International Cross Country Championships\nComplete results, medallists,  and the results of British athletes were published.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067701-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 International Cross Country Championships, Participation\nAn unofficial count yields the participation of 88 athletes from 10 countries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 61], "content_span": [62, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067702-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Internationale Tulpenrallye\nThe 1950 Internationale Tulpenrallye was the 2nd Internationale Tulpenrallye. It was won again by Ken Wharton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067703-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Iowa Hawkeyes football team\nThe 1950 Iowa Hawkeyes football team represented the University of Iowa in the 1950 Big Nine Conference football season. This season marks Leonard Raffensperger's first season as head coach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067704-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Iowa Senate election\nThe 1950 Iowa State Senate elections took place as part of the biennial 1950 United States elections. Iowa voters elected state senators in 22 of the state senate's 50 districts. State senators serve four-year terms in the Iowa State Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067704-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Iowa Senate election\nA statewide map of the 50 state Senate districts in the 1950 elections is provided by the Iowa General Assembly", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067704-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Iowa Senate election\nThe primary election on June 5, 1950 determined which candidates appeared on the November 7, 1950 general election ballot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067704-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Iowa Senate election\nFollowing the previous election, Republicans had control of the Iowa state Senate with 43 seats to Democrats' 7 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067704-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Iowa Senate election\nTo claim control of the chamber from Republicans, the Democrats needed to net 19 Senate seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067704-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Iowa Senate election\nRepublicans maintained control of the Iowa State Senate following the 1950 general election with the balance of power shifting to Republicans holding 41 seats and Democrats having 9 seats (a net gain of 2 seats for Democrats).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067705-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Iowa State Cyclones football team\nThe 1950 Iowa State Cyclones football team represented Iowa State College of Agricultural and Mechanic Arts (later renamed Iowa State University) in the Big Seven Conference during the 1950 college football season. In their fourth year under head coach Abe Stuber, the Cyclones compiled a 3\u20136\u20131 record (2\u20133\u20131 against conference opponents), finished in fifth place in the conference, and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 200 to 174. They played their home games at Clyde Williams Field in Ames, Iowa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067705-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Iowa State Cyclones football team\nThe team's regular starting lineup on offense consisted of left end Sy Wilhelmi, left tackle Lowell Titus, left guard Stan Campbell, center Rollie Arns, right guard Bob Matheson, right tackle John Tillo, right end Jim Doran, quarterback Bill Weeks, left halfback Melvin Meling, right halfback Mark Rothacker, and fullback Maury Schnell. Vince Beacom was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067705-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Iowa State Cyclones football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Maury Schnell with 490 rushing yards, Bill Weeks with 1,552 passing yards, Jim Doran with 651 receiving yards, and Doran and Weeks with 36 points (six touchdowns) each. Two Iowa State players were selected as first-team all-conference players: Doran and Weeks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067706-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Iowa gubernatorial election\nThe 1950 Iowa gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1950. Incumbent Republican William S. Beardsley defeated Democratic nominee Lester S. Gillette with 59.10% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067707-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Iranian legislative election, Background\nElections for the 16th Majlis began in late July 1949. The 16th Majlis was to be a bicameral parliament composed of the Majlis as the lower house and the Senate as the upper house. Following a framework set down in the 1906 Constitution, the Shah began appointing 30 of the 60 senators. As a reaction to the Shah's selection of royalists friendly to his views, and concerns about his rigging of the general elections, Mohammad Mosaddegh called for a protest on 13 October 1949. Thousands marched from his mansion to the royal palace gardens.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067707-0000-0001", "contents": "1950 Iranian legislative election, Background\nThere, in a meeting with Interior Minister Abdolhossein Hazhir, 20 opposition and radical politicians led by Mosaddegh demanded a halt to the Shah's hindrance of free elections. After three days of sit-in protest they extracted a promise from Hazhir that he would conduct elections fairly. Directly afterward, the committee of 20 formed the National Front coalition. In the next few weeks, elections were challenged as rigged. As a result, Hazhir was assassinated on 4\u20135 November 1949 by the Fada'iyan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 548]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067707-0000-0002", "contents": "1950 Iranian legislative election, Background\nIn February 1950 at the conclusion of elections for the 16th Majlis, the National Front took eight seats in the Majlis\u2014Kashani and Mosaddegh both won seats\u2014and from that platform for the next few years continued to call for reductions in the power of the monarchy; a return to the Constitution of 1906. With the backing of the extremist Fada'iyan, the regular clergy, and the middle-class people, despite its minority toehold in parliament, the National Front became the main opposition movement of Iran. The self-serving constitutional changes had created a backlash against the Shah.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 631]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067707-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Iranian legislative election, Campaign\nOn 28 July 1949, the term of the 15th Majlis came to its natural end. Abdolhossein Hazhir, the Shah's interior minister, initiated preparations to hold elections for the 16th Majlis, including Iran's first Senate. The Shah began selecting the 30 senators that were his to choose. The election was held, and it became clear that rural Iran was voting in favor of royalist supporters of the Shah. Mosaddegh and others reacted to what they saw as rigged results in rural elections by organizing a protest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067707-0001-0001", "contents": "1950 Iranian legislative election, Campaign\nMosaddegh called for the people of Tehran to join him in marching on the royal palace on 13 October 1949. Thousands of workers, students and middle-class people gathered at his estate and walked together to the royal palace gates where they requested bast (political sanctuary), a traditional act requiring the king to provide protection. After messages were exchanged between the people and the palace, 20 of the crowd were selected as leaders, with Mosaddegh at the head. These 20 were allowed inside the royal grounds to begin bast, in this case a form of sit-in protest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 618]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067707-0001-0002", "contents": "1950 Iranian legislative election, Campaign\nThey passed a message to the Shah saying that Interior Minister Abdolhossein Hazhir had rigged the elections in rural Iran. Mosaddegh wrote a note to Hazhir saying that, \"the main reason for our sit-in is that in this period of parliamentary recess when the appointment of a Prime Minister does not require a vote of inclination by the Majlis, we hope His Majesty can appoint a government whose goal is to preserve the interests of the monarchy and the nation.\" The protesters spent several days in bast, including a hunger strike of two days.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067707-0001-0003", "contents": "1950 Iranian legislative election, Campaign\nFinally, Hazhir met with the 20 himself and promised that the elections would be examined for fairness. If found unfair the results would be dismissed and new elections would be held. This answered the concerns of the protesters and they declared a success. Afterward, the committee of 20 returned to Mosaddegh's mansion where they agreed to form the National Front coalition. In the following weeks, the investigation of the elections commenced; many Iranians thought there would be some sort of smooth coverup of royal wrongdoing. However, on 4 November 1949, Hazhir was shot by the Fada'iyan, dying the next day. The Shah thus realized the depth of popular feeling formed against his electoral machinations; he declared the voting results invalid on 11 November. New elections were to be held in February 1950. The Fada'iyan guarded the polls to stop royal interference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 917]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067707-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Iranian legislative election, Results\nNational Front was able establish a fraction with minority influence. According to Michele Penner Angrist, Fakhreddin Azimi and John Limbert, the National Front gained 8 out of 136 seats. Mosaddegh and seven other leaders of the front were elected to the Majlis; in Tehran, Mosaddegh received the highest number of votes of any candidate. Ervand Abrahamian, says they had eleven seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067708-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Irish Greyhound Derby\nThe 1950 Irish Greyhound Derby took place during July and August with the final being held at Shelbourne Park in Dublin on 12 August 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067708-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Irish Greyhound Derby\nThe winner Crossmolina Rambler won \u00a31,000 and was trained by Anthony Meenaghan and owned by Frank Fox and bred by Tadgh Drummond.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067708-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report\nTrainer Bob Burls provided the English challenge with the 1950 Scottish Greyhound Derby champion Behattans Choice and another greyhound called Westend Dasher but faced a tough challenge from leading Irish runners including Sandown Champion and Imperial Dancer the latter trained by Tom Lynch. Imperial Dancer broke the five year old track record in the first round recording a sensational 29.55 sec and Behattans Choice impressed when winning a later heat win. The second round provided many shocks with the elimination of Behattans Choice, Westend Dasher and Imperial Dancer; Sandown Champion was withdrawn lame leaving the competition wide open. During the semi-finals Crossmolina Rambler defeated Deeps Dasher and Shady Tree in a time of 29.86 whilst Clogher McGrath beat Bronze Badge and Cryhelp Billie in 29.72.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 46], "content_span": [47, 863]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067708-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report\nMayo dog Crossmolina Rambler was cheered on by a huge attendance that included hundreds of supporters from the Mayo football side. Crossmolina Rambler had been just behind Deeps Dasher going into the first bend before overtaking the leader and running strongly to win by one and a half lengths. Deeps Dasher held off Shady Tree for second place. Coincidentally the following night Mayo won the All Ireland semi-final and then went on to lift the 1950 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final itself.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 46], "content_span": [47, 552]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067709-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Irish local elections\nElections were held on 20 September 1950  for the councils of most of the counties, cities and towns of the Republic of Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067709-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Irish local elections\nThe exceptions were three councils which had been elected in 1948: Dublin County Council and Kerry County Council, which were reinstated in 1948 after earlier suspension; and in Tramore, which gained town commissioners in 1948 for the first time. Bad weather on 20 September prevented election officials reaching the islands of Inishbofin, Inishmeane, Owey and Tory in County Donegal, so polling was held there on a later date.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067710-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Isle of Man TT\nThe 1950 Isle of Man Tourist Trophy festival was the second year the Isle of Man TT races were part of the Grand Prix World Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067710-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Isle of Man TT\nAfter his win in the 1949 Isle of Man Clubman event, Geoff Duke entered the 1950 Isle of Man TT only to find himself racing against formidable opposition in his first Senior TT, not only from his experienced Norton team mates, Artie Bell, Harold Daniell and Johnny Lockett, but also Les Graham on an AJS Porcupine, Reg Armstrong and Bob Foster on Velocettes. Geoff was wearing a new set of one-piece leathers and he beat them all, breaking both lap and race records in the Senior, and finishing second in the Junior TT. It was the beginning of a spectacular racing career for Geoff Duke.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 607]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067710-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Isle of Man TT\nThe Norton team had the new Featherbed frame on their racing bikes that had excellent handing characteristics. It was another Norton ridden by Artie Bell that won the Junior, with Norton occupying the first three places of the Senior and Junior races. The Lightweight TT went to the Italian bikes, with first and second being Dario Ambrosini on a Benelli, and Maurice Cann on a Moto Guzzi, respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067710-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Isle of Man TT\nAs in 1949, four Clubman races were included in this year's festival; Clubman 1,000 cc, Clubman Senior, Clubman Junior and Clubman Lightweight.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067711-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Italian Grand Prix\nThe 1950 Italian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 3 September 1950 at Autodromo Nazionale di Monza. It was race 7 of 7 in  the 1950 World Championship of Drivers. In this race, Nino Farina became the first World Drivers' Champion, and the only driver to win the title in his home country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067711-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Italian Grand Prix, Background\nAfter Juan Manuel Fangio's win at the French Grand Prix, Fangio had obtained 26 points, two ahead of teammate Luigi Fagioli and four ahead of another teammate, Giuseppe Farina. Having already finished four times in the points (all second places), Fagioli would only be able to drop six points or not gain at all, while Fangio and Farina had only finished three times. All three of Fangio's finishes were wins.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067711-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Italian Grand Prix, Race report\nFerrari pulled out all the stops to impress at their home circuit, producing a new unsupercharged 4\u00bd litre engine to try to end the Alfa Romeo monopoly. Alberto Ascari used it to achieve second place on the grid to Juan Manuel Fangio's Alfa Romeo 158 and then in the race behind the fast starting Nino Farina (Alfa Romeo 158) before briefly leading. Sadly, the pace was too punishing for the new car and a porous block broke on lap 20 and the battle returned as usual to the Alfas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 36], "content_span": [37, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067711-0002-0001", "contents": "1950 Italian Grand Prix, Race report\nFangio retired twice; once in his own Alfa Romeo 158 and a second time after taking over Piero Taruffi's. Farina led to the finish from Ascari who was now in teammate Dorino Serafini's Ferrari 375 with Luigi Fagioli finishing third in his Alfa Romeo 158. Louis Rosier finish fourth in his Talbot-Lago T26C with Philippe \u00c9tancelin fifth in his Lago-Talbot. \u00c9tancelin would become the oldest driver to ever score a world championship point with that finish. Only seven cars finished out of the 27 starters and with Farina's win and Fangio's failure to score and Fagioli's third place points removed as his worst scoring finish, Farina became the first recipient of the World Driver's Championship crown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 36], "content_span": [37, 738]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067712-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Japan Series\nThe 1950 Japan Series was the Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) championship series for the 1950 season. It was the first Japan Series and featured the Pacific League champions, the Mainichi Orions, against the Central League champions, the Shochiku Robins.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067712-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Japan Series, Matchups, Game 1\nWednesday, November 22, 1950 \u2013 1:16 pm at Meiji Jingu Stadium in Shinjuku, Tokyo", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067712-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Japan Series, Matchups, Game 2\nThursday, November 23, 1950 \u2013 1:01 pm at Korakuen Stadium in Bunkyo, Tokyo", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067712-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Japan Series, Matchups, Game 3\nSaturday, November 25, 1950 \u2013 1:30 pm at Koshien Stadium in Nishinomiya, Hy\u014dgo Prefecture", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067712-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Japan Series, Matchups, Game 4\nSunday, November 26, 1950 \u2013 1:31 pm at Hankyu Nishinomiya Stadium in Nishinomiya, Hy\u014dgo Prefecture", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067712-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Japan Series, Matchups, Game 5\nMonday, November 27, 1950 \u2013 12:59 pm at Nagoya Baseball Stadium in Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067712-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 Japan Series, Matchups, Game 6\nTuesday, November 28, 1950 \u2013 1:29 pm at Osaka Stadium in Osaka, Osaka Prefecture", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067713-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Japanese House of Councillors election\nHouse of Councillors elections were held in Japan on 4 June 1950, electing half the seats in the House. The Liberal Party won the most seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067714-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Jersey Road Race\nThe 1950 Jersey Road Race was a Non-Championship Formula One motor race held on 9 July 1950 at the St. Helier Circuit, in Saint Helier, Jersey. It was the twelfth race of the 1950 Formula One season. The 55-lap race was won by Ferrari driver Peter Whitehead. Reg Parnell finished second in a Maserati, and Toulo de Graffenried third, also in a Maserati.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067715-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 John Carroll Blue Streaks football team\nThe 1950 John Carroll Blue Streaks football team was an American football team that represented John Carroll University as an independent during the 1950 college football season. The team compiled an 8\u20132 record and outscored opponents by a total of 322 to 127. Herb \"Skeeter\" Eisele was the team's head coach for the fourth year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067715-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 John Carroll Blue Streaks football team\nSenior Don Shula played at the halfback position. Shula later spent more than 40 years in the National Football League (NFL) as a player and coach and was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame. John Carroll's football stadium is named Don Shula Stadium in his honor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067715-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 John Carroll Blue Streaks football team\nFullback Carl Taseff received Little All-America honors from the Associated Press (AP) and was also selected by the AP as the captain of the All-Ohio football team. Taseff later played in the NFL and was an assistant coach under Shula with the Miami Dolphins.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067717-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Jordanian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Jordan on 11 April 1950. For the first time, West Bank Palestinians were able to vote. The 40 representatives of the new Parliament were divided equally, with 20 each from the east and west sides of the Jordan River.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067717-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Jordanian general election\nAs political parties were banned at the time, all candidates ran as independents, although some were affiliated with the Liberal Party, the Jordanian Communist Party, the Ba'ath Party the Arab Constitutional Party and the Umma Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067718-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 KK Crvena zvezda season\nThe 1950 season is the Crvena zvezda 5th season in the existence of the club. The team played in the Yugoslav Basketball League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067719-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Kansas Jayhawks football team\nThe 1950 Kansas Jayhawks football team represented the University of Kansas in the Big Seven Conference during the 1950 college football season. In their third season under head coach Jules V. Sikes, the Jayhawks compiled a 6\u20134 record (3\u20133 against conference opponents), finished fourth in the Big Seven Conference, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 284 to 188. They played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lawrence, Kansas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067719-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Kansas Jayhawks football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Wade Stinson with 1,129 rushing yards (the program's first 1,000-yard rusher) and 84 points scored, and Chet Strehlow with 651 passing yards. John Amberg and Mike McCormack were the team captains. Other notable members of the team included George Mrkonic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067720-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Kansas State Wildcats football team\nThe 1950 Kansas State Wildcats football team represented Kansas State University in the 1950 college football season. The team's head football coach was Ralph Graham, in his final year at the helm of the Wildcats. The Wildcats played their home games in Memorial Stadium. The Wildcats finished the season with a 1\u20139\u20131 record with a 0\u20136 record in conference play. They finished in last place in the Big Seven Conference. The Wildcats scored 122 points and gave up 355 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067721-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Kansas gubernatorial election\nThe 1950 Kansas gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1950. Republican nominee Edward F. Arn defeated Democratic nominee Kenneth T. Anderson with 53.77% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067722-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Kategoria e Dyt\u00eb\nThe 1950 Kategoria e Dyt\u00eb is the seventh season of the second tier of football in Albania. The season started on 30 April and finished on 30 June, and 32 teams competed in a Single-elimination tournament with four teams qualifying for the final group, where Berati won the competition for the second time and NBSh Shijak finished as runners up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067722-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Kategoria e Dyt\u00eb, Final round\nBerati, NBSh Shijak, Erseka and NBSh Ylli Kuq Kam\u00ebz competed in the final group to determine the winner of the 1950 Kategoria e Dyt\u00eb. The matches were played in Berat between 25\u201330 June 1950 and Berati came out winners with after winning all three games in the final group, with NBSh Shija finishing as runners up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 34], "content_span": [35, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067723-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Kent State Golden Flashes football team\nThe 1950 Kent State Golden Flashes football team was an American football team that represented Kent State University in the Ohio Athletic Conference (OAC) during the 1950 college football season. In its fifth season under head coach Trevor J. Rees, Kent State compiled a 5\u20134 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067724-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Kentucky Derby\nThe 1950 Kentucky Derby was the 76th running of the Kentucky Derby. The race took place on May 6, 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067725-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Kentucky Wildcats football team\nThe 1950 Kentucky Wildcats football team represented the University of Kentucky in the 1950 college football season. The offense scored 393 points while the defense allowed 69 points. Led by head coach Bear Bryant, the Wildcats were the SEC champions and by winning the Sugar Bowl were listed as the #1 ranked team 40 years later in a computer ranking produced by Jeff Sagarin, declaring them national champions, however this is not recognized by College Football Data Warehouse.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 516]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067725-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Kentucky Wildcats football team\nThe 1950 Kentucky team concluded its season with a victory over Bud Wilkinson's #1 ranked and NCAA champion Oklahoma Sooners in the Sugar Bowl. The living players from the 1950 Wildcats team were honored during halftime of a game during the 2005 season as the #1 ranked team for the 1950 season, even though they finished the season ranked #7 by the AP. In 1990, Jeff Sagarin released a retroactive ranking of teams for the 1950 season and Kentucky was listed #1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067726-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1950 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship was the 56th staging of the Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Kilkenny County Board.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067726-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship\nOn 26 November 1950, Dicksboro won the championship after a 4-06 to 1-05 defeat of \u00c9ire \u00d3g in the final. It was their third championship title overall and their first title since 1926.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067727-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Kulmbach by-election\nThe Kulmbach by-election on May 14, 1950 was the first by-election for the Bundestag (Germany) that had been established 1949. It was caused by the death of Friedrich Sch\u00f6nauer (SPD) April 4, 1950 who had been elected at the 1949 German federal election", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067727-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Kulmbach by-election\nDespite an increased result of the SPD, they lost the seat to Johannes Semler (CSU), who was supported by BP and FDP.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067727-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Kulmbach by-election\nThis by-election showed a strange effect in the German AMS electoral system of the first election. The SPD in Bavaria had won this seat in the first past the post constituency, but all seats are justified through proportional representation. By winning the Kulmbach seat at the by-election the CSU had technically greater representation than their 1949 results would have proportionally given them. This is a slight anomaly that the electoral law for the first Bundestag does not cater for, but was changed at the end of 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 552]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067728-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 LFF Lyga\nThe 1950 LFF Lyga was the 29th season of the LFF Lyga football competition in Lithuania. It was contested by 16 teams, and Inkaras Kaunas won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067729-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 LPGA Tour\nThe 1950 LPGA Tour was the first official season of the LPGA Tour. The season ran from January 19 to October 21. It consisted of 15 official money events. Babe Zaharias won the most tournaments, eight. She also led the money list with earnings of $14,800.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067729-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 LPGA Tour, Tournament results\nThe following table shows all the official money events for the 1950 season. \"Date\" is the ending date of the tournament. The numbers in parentheses after the winners' names are the number of wins they had on the tour up to and including that event. Majors are shown in bold. Note that the LPGA recognizes several pre-1950 tournaments as official wins.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 34], "content_span": [35, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067730-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 LSU Tigers football team\nThe 1950 LSU Tigers football team represented Louisiana State University (LSU) in the 1950 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067731-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 La Fl\u00e8che Wallonne\nThe 1950 La Fl\u00e8che Wallonne was the 14th edition of La Fl\u00e8che Wallonne cycle race and was held on 1 May 1950. The race started in Charleroi and finished in Li\u00e8ge. The race was won by Fausto Coppi.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067732-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Lafayette Leopards football team\nThe 1950 Lafayette Leopards football team was an American football team that represented Lafayette College in the Middle Three Conference during the 1950 college football season. In its second season under head coach Maurice J. \"Clipper\" Smith, the team compiled a 1\u20138 record. Jay Barclay and Joseph Diamond were the team captains. The team played its home games at Fisher Field in Easton, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067733-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Latvian SSR Higher League, Overview\nIt was contested by 17 teams, and AVN won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067734-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Leeds City Council election\nThe Leeds municipal elections were held on Thursday, 11 May 1950, with one third of the seats to be elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067734-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Leeds City Council election\nThe election was sparsely contested owing to an electoral truce between Labour and the Conservatives in anticipation of the impending boundary changes to take effect the following year. However the Liberals and Communists fielded candidates in a number of wards - although the Liberals' two candidates was much reduced from recent showings, whilst conversely the Communists contesting of over a quarter of wards was well above their usual three. Eight wards in total were opposed, with the five Labour and three Conservative incumbents easily defending them, ensuring an uneventful result in contrast to the national picture.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 658]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067734-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Leeds City Council election, Election result\nThe result had the following consequences for the total number of seats on the council after the elections:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 49], "content_span": [50, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067735-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Lehigh Engineers football team\nThe 1950 Lehigh Engineers football team was an American football team that represented Lehigh University during the 1950 college football season. In its fifth season under head coach William Leckonby, the team compiled a 9\u20130 record (their first undefeated record in the football program's history) and won the Middle Three Conference championship. The Engineers outscored their opponents 301 to 77.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067735-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Lehigh Engineers football team\nThe team played its home games at Taylor Stadium in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067736-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Leicester North East by-election\nThe 1950 Leicester North East by-election was held on 28 September 1950 when the incumbent Labour MP, Terence Donovan was appointed as a High Court Judge. It was retained by the Labour candidate Lynn Ungoed-Thomas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067737-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Liechtenstein weapons law referendum\nA referendum on a new weapons law was held in Liechtenstein on 12 March 1950. The law had been passed by the Landtag, but was rejected by 72.3% of voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067738-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1950 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship was the 56th staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Limerick County Board.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067738-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship\nSt. Patrick's won the championship after a 4-05 to 3-05 defeat of City Gaels in the final. It was their second championship title overall and their second title in succession. It remains their last championship triumph.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067739-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Little League World Series\nThe 1950 Little League World Series was held from August 23 to August 26 in Williamsport, Pennsylvania. The Houston Little League of Houston, Texas, defeated Bridgeport Little League of Bridgeport, Connecticut, in the championship game of the 4th Little League World Series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067739-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Little League World Series\nAttendees at the championship game included James H. Duff, Governor of Pennsylvania, and Ford Frick, president of the National League (and later Commissioner of Baseball). The Houston Little League team was managed by former MLB player Jeff Cross.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067740-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Liverpool City Council election\nElections to Liverpool City Council were held on Thursday 11 May 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067741-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Li\u00e8ge\u2013Bastogne\u2013Li\u00e8ge\nThe 1950 Li\u00e8ge\u2013Bastogne\u2013Li\u00e8ge was the 36th edition of the Li\u00e8ge\u2013Bastogne\u2013Li\u00e8ge cycle race and was held on 23 April 1950. The race started and finished in Li\u00e8ge. The race was won by Prosper Depredomme.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067742-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Los Angeles Rams season\nThe 1950 Los Angeles Rams season was the team's 13th year with the National Football League and the fifth season in Los Angeles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067742-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Los Angeles Rams season\nThe 1950 Rams hold the NFL's all-time record for average points per game, scoring 38.8 points per contest. They also hold the record for most points in a three-game span, with 165 points between October 15 and 29. They are the only team in modern NFL history to score 60-or-more points twice in a season. They did so in consecutive games, in Weeks Six (70) and Seven (65).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067742-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Los Angeles Rams season\nLos Angeles's 466 points scored in 1950 are the most scored by any team in the 1950s, and more than 70 points more than the next-closest team (which is, incidentally, the 1951 Rams).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067742-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Los Angeles Rams season, Regular season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 55], "content_span": [56, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067743-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football team\nThe 1950 Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football team was an American football team that represented the Louisiana Polytechnic Institute (now known as Louisiana Tech University) as a member of the Gulf States Conference during the 1950 college football season. In their tenth year under head coach Joe Aillet, the team compiled a 5\u20134\u20131 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067744-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Louisville Cardinals football team\nThe 1950 Louisville Cardinals football team was an American football team that represented the University of Louisville as an independent during the 1950 college football season. In their fifth season under head coach Frank Camp, the Cardinals compiled a 3\u20136\u20131 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067745-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Loyola Lions football team\nThe 1950 Loyola Lions football team was an American football team that represented Loyola University of Los Angeles (now known as Loyola Marymount University) as an independent during the 1950 college football season. In their second season under head coach Jordan Olivar, the Lions compiled an 8\u20131 record and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 297 to 137.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067745-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Loyola Lions football team\nAfter starting the season with seven wins, the team was ranked No. 20 in the AP Poll for the next two weeks \u2013 the first and only time a Loyola football team was ranked. Quarterback Don Klosterman was the team's offensive star.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067746-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Maccabiah Games\nThe 3rd Maccabiah (Hebrew: \u05d4\u05de\u05db\u05d1\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d4\u05e9\u05dc\u05d9\u05e9\u05d9\u05ea\u200e) took place during Sukkot from September 27 to October 8, 1950. This was the first time the Maccabiah was held after the independence of the State of Israel; 15 years after the previous Maccabiah.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067746-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Maccabiah Games, History\nThe 3rd Maccabiah was originally scheduled to take place three years after the 2nd Maccabiah in Spring of 1931. Preparations began; posters were created; and distinguished guests such as the Chief Rabbi of Romanian Jewry, Jacob Itzhak Niemirower came to Eretz Yisrael. However, for a number of reasons, such as the British Authorities' refusal to approve the games (due to illegal immigration concerns) and the Arab revolt, the games were postponed indefinitely. The Maccabiah was further delayed due to World War II and the 1947\u20131949 Palestine war.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 29], "content_span": [30, 579]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067746-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Maccabiah Games, History\nThe final date for the third Maccabiah was decided upon at the Third World Congress of Maccabi in December 1948, during the war. At the same meeting it was also agreed that games will not be held on Saturdays and holidays.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 29], "content_span": [30, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067746-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Maccabiah Games, History\nEight countries entered the competition for the first time, among them Argentina, Canada, India and Sweden.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 29], "content_span": [30, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067746-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Maccabiah Games, Notable medalists\nGold medals were earned by Americans Henry Wittenberg in wrestling, Frank Spellman (who two years earlier had won a gold medal at the Olympics) in weightlifting, Henry Laskau in racewalking,  and 3-time Pan American Games gold medalists Allan Kwartler and Daniel Bukantz (foil) in fencing. Canada earned 14 medals in its first Games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 39], "content_span": [40, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067746-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Maccabiah Games, Notable medalists\nBen Helfgott, a concentration camp survivor, won the weightlifting gold medal in the lightweight class for Great Britain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 39], "content_span": [40, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067747-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Maine Black Bears football team\nThe 1950 Maine Black Bears football team was an American football team that represented the University of Maine as a member of the Yankee Conference during the 1950 college football season. In its second and final season under head coach David M. Nelson, the team compiled a 5\u20131\u20131 record (3\u20131 against conference opponents). The team played its home games at Alumni Field in Orono, Maine. Peter Pocius Jr. was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067747-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Maine Black Bears football team\nIn February 1951, coach Nelson resigned his post as Maine's head football coach to become head football coach and athletic director at the University of Delaware. Nelson was the head coach at Delaware for 15 years and was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1987.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067748-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Maine gubernatorial election\nThe 1950 Maine gubernatorial election took place on September 11, 1950. Incumbent Republican Governor Frederick G. Payne was seeking a second term, and faced off against Democratic challenger Earle S. Grant. Payne went on to win re-election by a wide margin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067748-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Maine gubernatorial election, Notes\nThis Maine elections-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 40], "content_span": [41, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067749-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Major League Baseball All-Star Game\nThe 1950 Major League Baseball All-Star Game was the 17th playing of the midsummer classic between the all-stars of the American League (AL) and National League (NL), the two leagues comprising Major League Baseball. The game was held on July 11, 1950, at Comiskey Park in Chicago the home of the Chicago White Sox of the American League. The game resulted in the National League defeating the American League 4\u20133 in 14 innings. It was the first All-Star game to go into extra innings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067749-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, White Sox in the game\nThe White Sox hosted the game and were represented by pitcher Ray Scarborough, who did not appear in the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 63], "content_span": [64, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067749-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Starting lineups\nPlayers in italics have since been inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 58], "content_span": [59, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067749-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Starting lineups, Umpires\nThe umpires changed assignments in the middle of the fifth inning \u2013 Pinelli to home, Rommel to first, Conlan to second, and McGowan to third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067749-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Synopsis\nVic Raschi and Robin Roberts were the starting pitchers for the AL and NL, respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 50], "content_span": [51, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067749-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Synopsis\nThe NL scored first in the top of the 2nd inning, pushing across 2 runs on a single by Jackie Robinson followed by a triple by Enos Slaughter, who then scored on a flyout by Hank Sauer. The AL got 1 run back in the bottom of the 3rd inning, when Cass Michaels scored from third base on a flyout by George Kell. The AL then pulled ahead 3\u20132 in the bottom of the 5th inning; with runners on second and third with one out, Bob Lemon scored from third base on a flyout by George Kell, and Larry Doby then scored on a single by Ted Williams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 50], "content_span": [51, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067749-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Synopsis\nThere was no further scoring until the top of the 9th inning, when the NL's Ralph Kiner hit a home run off of AL reliever Art Houtteman, tying the score 3\u20133. The NL benefitted from five innings of scoreless relief from Larry Jansen, who faced 16 batters striking out 6, while allowing just one hit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 50], "content_span": [51, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067749-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Synopsis\nIn the top of the 14th, the NL's Red Schoendienst hit a home run off of AL reliever Ted Gray to put the NL ahead 4\u20133. In the bottom of the 14th, the AL's Joe DiMaggio came to bat with one out and a man on first, but with the crowd on its feet, DiMaggio grounded into a game-ending 5-4-3 double play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 50], "content_span": [51, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067749-0008-0000", "contents": "1950 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Synopsis\nThe losing pitcher was the AL's Ted Gray. The winning pitcher was the NL's Ewell Blackwell, who shutout the AL in the final three innings, while facing nine batters and giving up just a single.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 50], "content_span": [51, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067750-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Major League Baseball season\nThe 1950 Major League Baseball season began on April 18 and ended on October 7, 1950, with the New York Yankees of the American League winning the World Series over the Philadelphia Phillies of the National League in four games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067750-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Major League Baseball season\nThe only no-hitter of the season was pitched by Vern Bickford on August 9, in the Boston Braves 7\u20130 victory over the Brooklyn Dodgers. This season saw the first use of a bullpen car, by the Cleveland Indians.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067751-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Maltese general election\nGeneral elections were held in Malta between 2 and 4 September 1950. Following the Labour Party splitting into the Malta Labour Party and the Malta Workers Party, the Nationalist Party emerged as the largest party, winning 12 of the 40 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067751-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Maltese general election, Electoral system\nThe elections were held using the single transferable vote system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067751-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Maltese general election, Aftermath\nIn the aftermath of the election the Nationalist Party formed a coalition government with the Workers Party. However, the two parties had a difficult relationship, and early elections were held less than a year later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 40], "content_span": [41, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067752-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Marquette Hilltoppers football team\nThe 1950 Marquette Hilltoppers football team was an American football team that represented Marquette University as an independent during the 1950 college football season. In its first season under head coach Lisle Blackbourn, the team compiled a 5\u20133\u20131 record and outscored all opponents by a total of 204 to 145. The team played its home games at Marquette Stadium in Milwaukee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067753-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Marshall Thundering Herd football team\nThe 1950 Marshall Thundering Herd football team was an American football team that represented Marshall University in the Ohio Valley Conference (OVC) during the 1950 college football season. In its first season under head coach Pete Pederson, the team compiled a 2\u20138 record (1\u20134 against conference opponents) and was outscored by a total of 249 to 107. Earl Sang was the team captain. The team played its home games at Fairfield Stadium in Huntington, West Virginia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067754-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Maryland State Hawks football team\nThe 1950 Maryland State Hawks football team was an American football team that represented Maryland State College (now known as University of Maryland Eastern Shore) during the 1950 college football season. In their third season under head coach Vernon McCain, the team compiled an 8\u20130 record and outscored opponents by a total of 361 to 32. The 1950 team achieved the second consecutive undefeated season for the program. The 1949 and 1950 teams went 16\u20130 and outscored opponents by a combined total of 671 to 40.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067754-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Maryland State Hawks football team\nThe 1950 Maryland State team was ranked No. 3 among the nation's black college football teams according to the Pittsburgh Courier and its Dickinson Rating System. In the final Dickinson rankings, three undefeated black colleges received the following point totals: Florida A&M (28.76); Southern (28.50); and Maryland State (28.00). However, Florida A&M lost to Wilberforce State in the Orange Blossom Classic, after the final Dickinson rankings were released.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067754-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Maryland State Hawks football team\nMaryland State was led on offense by halfback Sylvester Polk. Polk led the nation in 1949 with 129 points scored. During the 1950 season, Polk scored 13 touchdowns for 78 points and totaled 1,275 rushing yards on 79 carries, an average of 16.1 yards per carry.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067755-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Maryland Terrapins football team\nThe 1950 Maryland Terrapins football team represented the University of Maryland in 1950 college football season as a member of the Southern Conference (SoCon).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067755-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Maryland Terrapins football team\nMaryland was led by fourth-year head coach Jim Tatum, who Time magazine called \"the most successful major college coach in the game\" during his nine-year tenure at College Park. To date, Tatum remains the winningest Maryland football coach of the modern era, with a winning percentage of 0.819. The team was led on the field by sophomore quarterback and future Heisman Trophy runner-up Jack Scarbath who made his first career start in the season-opener.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067755-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Maryland Terrapins football team\nThe highlight of the season was Maryland's upset victory over second-ranked Michigan State, 34\u20137, in what was that team's only loss of the season. Two weeks later, however, the Terrapins' bowl game hopes were ended with a Homecoming defeat at the hands of North Carolina State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067755-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Maryland Terrapins football team, Personnel, Players\nThe Maryland roster for the 1950 season consisted of the following players:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 57], "content_span": [58, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067755-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Maryland Terrapins football team, Game summaries, Georgia\nGeorgia scored first in the opening period. In the second quarter, Maryland sophomore quarterback Jack Scarbath completed three passes in a 54-yard drive that culminated in a pitch to Bob Shemonski who ran around the right end and into the end zone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 62], "content_span": [63, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067755-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Maryland Terrapins football team, Game summaries, Georgia\nAfter the game, Maryland head coach Jim Tatum said, \"We weren't ready for Georgia in a game as early as September 23 ... We weren't in shape and the [92 \u00b0F] heat killed us.\" The loss, however, did not affect Maryland's poll ranking as the situation surrounding the game was generally understood.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 62], "content_span": [63, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067755-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 Maryland Terrapins football team, Game summaries, Navy\nIn Week 2, the Terrapins played the inaugural game at the newly completed Byrd Stadium. It was the first game against the Naval Academy in 16 years. The series had been canceled in 1936 after Maryland accused Navy of an illegal play for their go-ahead score. Maryland had agreed to fill in a vacancy in the Navy schedule left open by a Georgetown cancellation. In the first quarter, Scarbath broke away for a 21-yard touchdown run. Then, in the second quarter, Scarbath linked up with end Stan Karnash for a 44-yard touchdown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 59], "content_span": [60, 586]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067755-0006-0001", "contents": "1950 Maryland Terrapins football team, Game summaries, Navy\nScarbath again passed for a 59-yard score to end Pete Augsburger. At halftime, the Terrapins led 21\u20130. Navy responded with a touchdown of their own in the third quarter. In the final quarter, Maryland end Elmer Wingate returned an interception 34-yards for a score. Fifty-four seconds later, Maryland end Lew Weidensaul recovered a Midshipmen fumble. Ed Modzelewski capped the ensuing Terrapins' possession with a five-yard rush into the end zone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 59], "content_span": [60, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067755-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 Maryland Terrapins football team, Game summaries, Navy\nThe high-scoring game resulted in just the second-ever Maryland win in the 12th meeting of the intense in-state rivalry.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 59], "content_span": [60, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067755-0008-0000", "contents": "1950 Maryland Terrapins football team, Game summaries, Michigan State\nMichigan State College entered the game after beating first-ranked Michigan, 14\u20137, the week prior. It was the Spartans first victory over their arch-rivals in thirteen years and propelled Michigan State to the number-two spot in the AP Poll. The previous season, Maryland had traveled to Michigan State where the Spartans handed them their lone defeat, 7\u201314. Ed Modzelewski scored a touchdown in both the first and second quarter. Michigan State responded with a touchdown of their own in the third quarter. In the final period, Scarbath scored on a quarterback sneak. End Pete Ladygo returned an intercepted pass 35-yards for a touchdown and later Bob Shemonski made an interception for a 37-yard touchdown return.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 69], "content_span": [70, 785]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067755-0009-0000", "contents": "1950 Maryland Terrapins football team, Game summaries, Michigan State\nMaryland's defense held the high-powered Michigan State offense to 140 rushing yards, 67 of which were gained on a single run by Sonny Grandelius. Michigan State completed three of 20 pass attempts. Maryland intercepted six passes and returned two for scores. After the upset victory, Maryland climbed to an AP Poll ranking of 8th in the nation. It was the only loss of the season for Michigan State, which ended the season ranked eighth in the nation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 69], "content_span": [70, 522]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067755-0010-0000", "contents": "1950 Maryland Terrapins football team, Game summaries, Georgetown\nAfter the upset win over number-two Michigan State, Maryland rose in the AP Poll to become the second-ranked team in the country. Georgetown entered the game as 27-point underdogs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 65], "content_span": [66, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067755-0011-0000", "contents": "1950 Maryland Terrapins football team, Game summaries, Georgetown\nIn the first quarter, Maryland executed an eight-play, 95-yard drive that culminated in an eight-yard touchdown rush by fullback Ed Fullerton. Georgetown tied the game at 7\u20137 with a fourth-down pass in the end zone. In the second quarter, Bob Shemonski scored on a six-yard end-around to end the half at 14\u20137. In the third quarter, Maryland recorded two safeties in quick succession: one when punter Joe Pallotta stepped outside of the end zone and the other when Bob Ward tackled Frank Mattingly for a loss. With three minutes remaining in the fourth quarter, Georgetown scored another touchdown to narrow the deficit to 18\u201314. Fullerton then rushed for 24 yards to advance to the Georgetown six-yard line. Scarbath then ran into the end zone for the final result of 25\u201314.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 65], "content_span": [66, 840]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067755-0012-0000", "contents": "1950 Maryland Terrapins football team, Game summaries, Georgetown\nDespite the closeness of the contest, Maryland dominated the game statistically. The Terrapins rushed 342 yards to the Hoyas' 40. Georgetown compiled 128 yards through the air and Maryland 118. The Terrapins returned kicks and punts for a combined 225 yards, compared with the Hoyas' 66 yards on returns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 65], "content_span": [66, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067755-0013-0000", "contents": "1950 Maryland Terrapins football team, Game summaries, NC State\nFor Homecoming weekend, NC State met eighth-ranked Maryland at Byrd Stadium. In the first quarter, a Maryland fumble rolled out of the end zone for a safety, and soon after, another fumble set up a touchdown with a 13-yard rush by NC State's Ed Mooney. Maryland advanced inside the NC State five-yard line three times but was unable to score. In the third quarter, Mooney scored again to bring the score 0\u201316. Maryland scored on a 21-yard pass from Jack Scarbath to Bob Shemonski. With three minutes remaining, Shemonski connected with a pass to Pete Augsburger for another touchdown. Three passes to Augsburger led a 47-yard drive into Wolfpack territory. A pass in the end zone was intercepted with seconds remaining and the game ended with a final score of 13\u201316. The loss effectively ended the Terrapins' hopes for a bowl game bid.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 63], "content_span": [64, 899]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067755-0014-0000", "contents": "1950 Maryland Terrapins football team, Game summaries, NC State\nThe second loss dropped them out of the AP Polls for the remainder of the year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 63], "content_span": [64, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067755-0015-0000", "contents": "1950 Maryland Terrapins football team, Game summaries, Duke\nIn the second quarter, Ed Modzelewski rushed 18 yards to set up a three-yard touchdown by Shemonski. Then Ed Modzelewski broke away for 44 yards and allowed end Joe Petruzzo to rush two yards for another score. Duke responded with a touchdown of its own before halftime. In the third quarter, Shemonski rushed 44 yards, reversing direction twice, before finding the end zone. Duke scored once more to bring it to 19\u201314. With six seconds remaining, Petruzzo intercepted a Blue Devils pass and returned it 46 yards for a score to clinch the game for Maryland, 26\u201314.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 59], "content_span": [60, 624]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067755-0016-0000", "contents": "1950 Maryland Terrapins football team, Game summaries, Duke\nIt was the seventh meeting of the series and Maryland's first victory over Duke.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 59], "content_span": [60, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067755-0017-0000", "contents": "1950 Maryland Terrapins football team, Game summaries, George Washington\nSophomore Bob DeStefano filled in at quarterback for the injured Scarbath. In the first quarter, DeStefano connected with Stan Karnash on a 37-yard touchdown pass. In the second quarter, quarterback Andy Davis, fourth-ranked in the nation in total yardage, led George Washington to tie the game before the half. In the third quarter, DeStefano hit Shemonski for a three-yard touchdown. In the final period, Davis led the Colonials on a 43-yard drive, but they were stopped on the Maryland 3-yard line. Petruzzo then stopped another G.W. drive when he intercepted a pass and returned it 44 yards. Ed Modzelewski rushed to the Colonials' three-yard line setting up a scoring run by Fullerton. In the final minutes, G.W. 's John Shullenbarger slipped on the wet turf in the end zone for a Maryland safety.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 72], "content_span": [73, 875]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067755-0018-0000", "contents": "1950 Maryland Terrapins football team, Game summaries, North Carolina\nIn a steady downpour, 18th-ranked Maryland met North Carolina for the 17th time. North Carolina, Maryland head coach Tatum's alma mater, possessed a nine-game winning streak in the series. The first quarter remained scoreless, but in the second, North Carolina fumbled a punt by Maryland's Jack Targarona. The Terrapins' Karney Scioscia recovered the ball on the Tar Heel 31-yard line. DeStefano completed a 17-yard pass to Karnash and then connected with Augsburger on the Carolina eight-yard line. In two subsequent plays, the Terps pushed to the four-yard line.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 69], "content_span": [70, 634]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067755-0018-0001", "contents": "1950 Maryland Terrapins football team, Game summaries, North Carolina\nDeStefano then pitched to Shemonski who ran around end and into the end zone. Maryland managed to stop two North Carolina drives on the Terrapins' 28- and eight-yard lines. Late in the third quarter, Carolina mounted a drive into Maryland territory which continued into the fourth quarter. The Terrapins' defense held twice at their own one-yard line, but the Tar Heels' Bud Wallace pushed into the end zone on third down for the score. In the final minutes, Maryland drove to the Carolina 15-yard line. With five seconds remaining, guard Bob Dean missed on a field goal attempt, which resulted in a stalemate of 7\u20137.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 69], "content_span": [70, 687]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067755-0019-0000", "contents": "1950 Maryland Terrapins football team, Game summaries, West Virginia\nIn the first quarter, Ed Modzelewski caught a 28-yard pass and then rushed twice from the ten-yard line for the first score of the game. In the second quarter, Modzelewski scored again on a five-yard rush. Fullerton scored on a run from the six-inch line followed by a nine-yard end around by Shemonski. In the second half, Shemonski scored twice more. Maryland capitalized heavily on turnovers, with three interceptions were returned for touchdowns. Two fumbles and a bad punt set up further scores. The 14th-ranked West Virginia passing attack was held to 79 yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 68], "content_span": [69, 636]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067755-0019-0001", "contents": "1950 Maryland Terrapins football team, Game summaries, West Virginia\nMaryland punter Targarona consistently pinned the Mountaineers deep in their own territory and recorded punts downed on the one-, eight-, five-, and eight-yard lines. During the first half, West Virginia did not convert for a first down or advance the ball beyond their own 36-yard line. In what was the ninth game of the series, Maryland recorded its first victory over West Virginia at Morgantown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 68], "content_span": [69, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067755-0020-0000", "contents": "1950 Maryland Terrapins football team, Game summaries, VPI\nIn the first quarter, Shemonski scored four touchdowns on 22- and 26-yard rushes, an 81-yard punt return, and a 4-yard rush. In the second quarter, Karnash ran an end around into the end zone for a score before Shemonski scored again. Center Jack Rowden returned an interception 45-yards for a touchdown. In the third quarter, Johnny Idzik scored on a 10-yard rush. DeStefano touchdown on a keeper. Tackle Chet Gierula ran an end around nine yards for a final Maryland score. In the fourth quarter, VPI scored its only points of the game for a final result of 63\u20137.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 58], "content_span": [59, 624]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067755-0021-0000", "contents": "1950 Maryland Terrapins football team, Game summaries, VPI\nIn all, 22 Maryland players made carries and guard Bob Ward made two for 46 yards. Shemonski recorded five touchdowns and became the leading scorer in the Southern Conference with a season total of 97 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 58], "content_span": [59, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067755-0022-0000", "contents": "1950 Maryland Terrapins football team, Awards\nBob Ward was named a first-team All-American by the Associated Press and a second-team All-American by United Press. Ed Modzelewski was named an honorable mention All-American. Pete Augsburger was named an honorable mention All-American by the United Press. Ward and Elmer Wingate were named All-Southern Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 45], "content_span": [46, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067756-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Maryland gubernatorial election\nThe 1950 Maryland gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1950. Republican nominee Theodore McKeldin defeated Democratic incumbent William Preston Lane Jr. with 57.28% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067757-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Massachusetts elections\nThe 1946 Massachusetts general election was held on November 7, 1946, throughout Massachusetts. Primary elections took place on September 19.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067757-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Massachusetts elections\nAt the federal level, Republicans maintained their majority in the state by holding eight of fourteen seats in the United States House of Representatives. Incumbents were re-elected in each House seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067757-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Massachusetts elections\nIn the race for Governor, Democratic incumbent Paul Dever was re-elected over former Lieutenant Governor Arthur W. Coolidge.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067757-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Massachusetts elections, Governor\nDemocratic incumbent Paul A. Dever was reelected over Republican Arthur W. Coolidge, Socialist Labor candidate Horace Hillis, and Prohibition candidate Mark R. Shaw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067757-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Massachusetts elections, Lieutenant Governor\nDemocratic incumbent Charles F. Sullivan was reelected over Republican Laurence Curtis and Socialist Labor candidate Lawrence Gilfedder.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 49], "content_span": [50, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067757-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Massachusetts elections, Attorney General\nIncumbent Francis E. Kelly Attorney General defeated Benjamin F. Chesky, Eli Y. Krovitsky, Isadore H. Y. Muchnick in the Democratic primary and Republican Frederick Ayer Jr., Socialist Workers candidate Anthony Martin, and Prohibition candidate Howard B. Rand in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 46], "content_span": [47, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067758-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Massachusetts gubernatorial election\nThe 1950 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1950. Democratic incumbent Paul A. Dever defeated Republican Arthur W. Coolidge, Socialist Labor candidate Horace Hillis, and Prohibition candidate Mark R. Shaw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067759-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Masters Tournament\nThe 1950 Masters Tournament was the 14th Masters Tournament, held April 6\u20139 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia. Jimmy Demaret won at 283 (\u22125) and became the first three-time Masters champion, with previous wins in 1940 and 1947. He played the par-five 13th hole (Azalea) in six-under-par for the week, with two eagles and two birdies at the pivotal 480-yard (440\u00a0m) hole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067759-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Masters Tournament\nThird round leader Jim Ferrier, a naturalized American originally from Australia, bogeyed five of the final six holes for 75 (+3) and was two strokes back as runner-up. Defending champion Sam Snead was third at 287 (\u22121).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067759-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Masters Tournament\nBen Hogan played in his first major since his near-fatal automobile accident in early 1949. In second place after 54 holes, he shot a 76 (+4) in the final round and fell back to even par for the week, in a tie for fourth place with Byron Nelson. Hogan won the next three majors he entered: the 1950 U.S. Open, 1951 Masters, and 1951 U.S. Open.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067759-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Masters Tournament\nThe tournament drew an estimated 10,000 patrons on Saturday and 18,000 on Sunday. With the favorable turnout, host Bobby Jones increased the original purse of $10,000 to $12,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067759-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Masters Tournament, Field\nJimmy Demaret (7,9,12), Claude Harmon (9,10), Herman Keiser (9), Byron Nelson (2,6,9), Henry Picard (6,9), Gene Sarazen (2,4,6), Horton Smith (9,10), Sam Snead (4,6,7,9.10,12)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067759-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Masters Tournament, Field\nBilly Burke, Johnny Farrell, Ben Hogan (6,7), Lawson Little (3,5,9), Lloyd Mangrum (7,9,10,12), Cary Middlecoff (9,10), Lew Worsham (9)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067759-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 Masters Tournament, Field\nSkip Alexander, Chick Harbert (10), Dutch Harrison (9), Clayton Heafner (9,10,12), Johnny Palmer (9,10,12)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067759-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 Masters Tournament, Field\nTommy Barnes (a), Chuck Kocsis (a), Jim McHale Jr. (a)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 85]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067759-0008-0000", "contents": "1950 Masters Tournament, Field\nHerman Barron, Johnny Bulla (10), Pete Cooper (10), Leland Gibson, Joe Kirkwood Jr., Toney Penna, Jim Turnesa (10)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067759-0009-0000", "contents": "1950 Masters Tournament, Field\nAl Brosch, Dave Douglas, Fred Haas, Jack Isaacs, Les Kennedy, Eric Monti, Herschel Spears, Harry Todd, Gene Webb, Buck White", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067759-0010-0000", "contents": "1950 Masters Tournament, Field\nJulius Boros, William C. Campbell (a), Rufus King (a), Harold Paddock Jr. (a), Frank Strafaci (a)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067760-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Meath Intermediate Football Championship\nThe 1950 Meath Intermediate Football Championship is the 24th edition of the Meath GAA's premier club Gaelic football tournament for intermediate graded teams in County Meath, Ireland. The tournament consists of 10 teams. The championship starts with a group stage and then progresses to a final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067760-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Meath Intermediate Football Championship\nArdcath, Dunderry and St. Mary's Kilbeg were relegated from the 1949 S.F.C.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067760-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Meath Intermediate Football Championship\nThis was the final season that Ardcath were named as such. From the 1951 I.F.C. onwards they were known as St. Vincent's.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067760-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Meath Intermediate Football Championship\nAt the end of the season, the Cushinstown Young Ireland's club (an amalgamation of the Cushinstown and Bellewstown clubs in 1947) folded. No Cushinstown club has been reformed, however a new club Bellewstown St. Theresa's was established in the J.F.C. in the mid 1960s. Moynalty applied to be regraded to the 1951 J.F.C.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067760-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Meath Intermediate Football Championship\nOn 10 September 1950, Donaghmore claimed their 2nd Intermediate championship title when they defeated Ballinabrackey 2-9 to 0-5 in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067760-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Meath Intermediate Football Championship, Team changes\nThe following teams have changed division since the 1950 championship season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 59], "content_span": [60, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067760-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 Meath Intermediate Football Championship, Group stage\nThere are 2 groups called Division A and B, made on a regional basis. The top finishers in Group A and B will qualify for the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 58], "content_span": [59, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067761-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Meath Senior Football Championship\nThe 1950 Meath Senior Football Championship is the 58th edition of the Meath GAA's premier club Gaelic football tournament for senior graded teams in County Meath, Ireland. The tournament consists of 8 teams. The championship starts with a divisional stage (based on region) and then progresses to a final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067761-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Meath Senior Football Championship\nThis was Navan O'Mahonys first year ever as a senior club after claiming the 1949 Meath Junior Football Championship title. This was only their 3rd year in existence as a club since being founded in 1948 and only their 2nd year of competitive activity. This was also Trim's return to the senior ranks after claiming the 1949 Meath Intermediate Football Championship title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067761-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Meath Senior Football Championship\nSyddan were the defending champions after they defeated North Meath in the previous years final, however North Meath (an amalgamation including the finest players from Intermediate club Moynalty along with Junior clubs Castletown, Drumconrath/Meath Hill Brian Boru's, Kilberry, Kilmainhamwood, Nobber and Rathkenny - These were clubs all part of the North Meath GAA District Board) exacted revenge by ending Syddan's reign at the Divisional Final stage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 493]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067761-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Meath Senior Football Championship\nNorth Meath's line up included 1949 All-Ireland medalists such as Paddy Connell (Moynalty), S\u00e9amus Heery (Rathkenny), Larry McGuinness (Nobber) and Pat Carolan (Kilmainhamwood).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067761-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Meath Senior Football Championship\nOn 10 September 1950, North Meath won their first ever Senior championship title when they defeated Skryne on a 2-4 to 1-3 scoreline at Pairc Tailteann.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067761-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Meath Senior Football Championship, Team Changes\nThe following teams have changed division since the 1949 championship season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067762-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Meistaradeildin\n1950 Meistaradeildin was the eighth season of Meistaradeildin, the top tier of the Faroese football league system. B36 T\u00f3rshavn won its third league title in the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067763-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Memorial Cup\nThe 1950 Memorial Cup final was the 32nd junior ice hockey championship of the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association. The George Richardson Memorial Trophy champions Montreal Junior Canadiens of the Quebec Junior Hockey League in Eastern Canada competed against the Abbott Cup champions Regina Pats of the Western Canada Junior Hockey League in Western Canada. In a best-of-seven series, held at the Montreal Forum in Montreal, Quebec and Maple Leaf Gardens in Toronto, Ontario, Montreal won its first Memorial Cup, defeating Regina 4 games to 1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067763-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Memorial Cup, Winning roster\nDoug Binning, Kevin Conway, Bob Dawson, Herb English, Bill Goold, Reg Grigg, Charles Hodge, Gordon Hollingworth, Don Marshall, Dave McCready, Brian McKay, Dickie Moore, Roger Morissette, Bill Sinnett, Ernie Roche, Kevin Rochford, Art Rose. Coaches: Sam Pollock, Bill Reay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 33], "content_span": [34, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067764-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Memphis State Tigers football team\nThe 1950 Memphis State Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Memphis State College (now known as the University of Memphis) as an independent during the 1950 college football season. In their fourth season under head coach Ralph Hatley, Memphis State compiled a 9\u20132 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067765-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Men's British Open Squash Championship\nThe 1950 Open Championship was held at the Lansdowne Club in London from 13\u201317 April. Mahmoud Karim won his fourth consecutive title defeating  Abdul Bari in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067766-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Men's European Volleyball Championship\nThe 1950 Men's European Volleyball Championship, the second edition of the event, was organized by Europe's governing volleyball body, the Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration Europ\u00e9enne de Volleyball. It was hosted in Sofia, Bulgaria from October 14 to October 22, 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067767-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Mestaruussarja\nThe 1950 season was the twentieth completed season of Finnish Football League Championship, known as the Mestaruussarja.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067767-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Mestaruussarja, Overview\nThe Mestaruussarja was administered by the Finnish Football Association and the competition's 1950 season was contested by 10 teams. IKissat Tampere won the championship and the two lowest placed teams of the competition, TuWe Turku and Kullervo Helsinki, were relegated to the Suomensarja.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 29], "content_span": [30, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067768-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Miami Hurricanes football team\nThe 1950 Miami Hurricanes football team represented the University of Miami as an independent during the 1950 college football season. Led by third-year head coach Andy Gustafson, the Hurricanes played their home games at Burdine Stadium in Miami, Florida. The Hurricanes participated in the Orange Bowl, in a post-season matchup against Clemson, where they lost, 15\u201314.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067769-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Miami Redskins football team\nThe 1950 Miami Redskins football team was an American football team that represented Miami University during the 1950 college football season. In their second and final season under head coach Woody Hayes, the Redskins compiled a 9\u20131 record, outscored opponents by a combined total of 251 to 163, and defeated Arizona State, 34\u201321, in the 1951 Salad Bowl. Ara Parseghian was an assistant coach, and Bo Schembechler played at the tackle position on the team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067770-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Michigan State Normal Hurons football team\nThe 1950 Michigan State Normal Hurons football team represented Michigan State Normal College (later renamed Eastern Michigan University) in the Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (IIAC) during the 1950 college football season. In their second season under head coach Harry Ockerman, the Hurons compiled a 3\u20136 record (0\u20134 against IIAC opponents) and were outscored by their opponents, 194 to 123. Dr. James R. Wichterman was the team captain. Harry Mail was selected as a first-team player on the All-IIAC team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 571]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067771-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Michigan State Spartans football team\nThe 1950 Michigan State Spartans football team represented Michigan State College in the 1950 college football season. In their fourth season under head coach Biggie Munn, the Spartans compiled an 8\u20131 record and were ranked #8 in the final AP Poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067771-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Michigan State Spartans football team\nTwo Spartans received first-team honors on the 1950 College Football All-America Team. Fullback Sonny Grandelius received first-team honors from the Associated Press, International News Service, and Central Press Association, and end Dorne Dibble received the honors from the Football Writers Association of America.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067771-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Michigan State Spartans football team\nThe 1950 Spartans won their annual rivalry games against Notre Dame by a 36-33 score and against Michigan by a 14 to 7 score.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067771-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Michigan State Spartans football team\nIn intersectional play, the Spartans beat Oregon State (6-0), William & Mary (33-14), and Pitt (19-0).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067771-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Michigan State Spartans football team, Game summaries, Michigan\nMichigan, ranked No. 3 in the country, opened the 1950 season playing against Michigan State College in Ann Arbor. Though favored by two touchdowns, the Wolverines were upset by the Spartans 14-7. The defeat was Michigan's first loss in the opening game of a season since 1937. Michigan played most of the game without its leading player, Chuck Ortmann. Ortmann was injured while being tackled on a 35-yard kickoff return in the first quarter. On the next play, Ortmann dropped back to pass but fell to the ground and was unable to return to the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 68], "content_span": [69, 620]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067771-0004-0001", "contents": "1950 Michigan State Spartans football team, Game summaries, Michigan\nMichigan State took a 7-0 lead in the first quarter on a touchdown run by Sonny Grandelius. Michigan tied the score in the third quarter on a touchdown pass from Don Peterson to Fred Pickard. Michigan's touchdown was set up when Frank Howell intercepted a Michigan State pass and returned it 32 yards to the Michigan State 20-yard line. In the fourth quarter, Michigan State returned a punt to the Michigan 19-yard line and scored on a run by Michigan State fullback Leroy Crane. Michigan drove to the Michigan State 10-yard line in the fourth quarter, but the drive ended when quarterback Bill Putich threw an interception.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 68], "content_span": [69, 693]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067772-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Michigan Wolverines football team\nThe 1950 Michigan Wolverines football team was an American football team that represented the University of Michigan in the 1950 Big Nine Conference football season. Coached by Bennie Oosterbaan, the Wolverines won the Big Ten Conference championship with a record of 6\u20133\u20131 (4\u20131\u20131 in conference) and defeated the California Bears in the 1951 Rose Bowl, 14\u20136. The team had two All-Big 10 backs in Don Dufek and Chuck Ortmann and All-American tackle R. Allen \"Brick\" Wahl. Despite losing three times and tying once, Michigan was ranked #9 in the AP Poll and #6 in the UPI Poll at season's end. The Wolverines played a regular season game at Yankee Stadium against Army on October 14, 1950, losing 27\u20136.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 739]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067772-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 1: Michigan State\nMichigan, ranked No. 3 in the country, opened the 1950 season playing against Michigan State College in Ann Arbor. Though favored by two touchdowns, the Wolverines were upset by the Spartans 14-7. The defeat was Michigan's first loss in the opening game of a season since 1937. Michigan played most of the game without its leading player, Chuck Ortmann. Ortmann was injured while being tackled on a 35-yard kickoff return in the first quarter. On the next play, Ortmann dropped back to pass but fell to the ground and was unable to return to the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 78], "content_span": [79, 630]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067772-0001-0001", "contents": "1950 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 1: Michigan State\nMichigan State took a 7-0 lead in the first quarter on a touchdown run by Sonny Grandelius. Michigan tied the score in the third quarter on a touchdown pass from Don Peterson to Fred Pickard. Michigan's touchdown was set up when Frank Howell intercepted a Michigan State pass and returned it 32 yards to the Michigan State 20-yard line. In the fourth quarter, Michigan State returned a punt to the Michigan 19-yard line and scored on a run by Michigan State fullback Leroy Crane. Michigan drove to the Michigan State 10-yard line in the fourth quarter, but the drive ended when quarterback Bill Putich threw an interception.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 78], "content_span": [79, 703]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067772-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 2: Dartmouth\nMichigan rebounded in the second week of the season with a 27-7 win over Dartmouth at Michigan Stadium. Dartmouth scored first with a touchdown pass from Johnny Clayton to John McDonald. Leo Koceski scored Michigan's first touchdown on 36-yard end run in the first quarter. Sophomore Lowell Perry caught a 21-yard touchdown pass from Bill Putich near the end of the first half to give Michigan a 13-7 lead at halftime. Perry also had three interceptions on defense. Michigan scored two touchdowns in the third quarter, one on a long pass from Don Peterson to Harry Allis. The final touchdown came after Tony Momsen recovered a blocked punt at the Dartmouth two-yard line. Fullback Ralph Staffon ran for the touchdown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 73], "content_span": [74, 791]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067772-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 3: vs. Army\nIn the third game of the 1950 season, Michigan faced an Army team that was ranked No. 1 in the AP and Coaches' Polls at Yankee Stadium in New York. The two teams played to a 6-6 tie at halftime, but Army shut out the Wolverines 21-0 in the second half for a final score of 27-6. The game marked the 23rd consecutive victory by Army. Chuck Ortmann threw for 118 yards, and Don Dufek gained 66 yards on the ground and scored Michigan's one touchdown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 72], "content_span": [73, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067772-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 4: Wisconsin\nIn the fourth game of the season, Michigan played Wisconsin in Ann Arbor. Michigan came into the game unranked with a 1-2 record, while Wisconsin was undefeated and ranked No. 15 in the Coaches' Poll. Chuck Ortmann ran 16 yards for a touchdown in the first quarter and threw a 29-yard touchdown pass to Bill Putich in the second quarter to give Michigan a 14-0 lead at halftime. Don Dufek ran one yard for a touchdown in the third quarter. Dufek scored Michigan's final touchdown after intercepting a pass thrown by Wisconsin quarterback Bob Petruska. In the fourth quarter, Wisconsin closed the gap, scoring two touchdowns while playing against Michigan's reserves.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 73], "content_span": [74, 740]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067772-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 5: at Minnesota\nIn its fifth game, Michigan traveled to Minneapolis to play Minnesota. After a scoreless first half, Michigan drove down the field culminating in a two-yard run by Don Dufek. Minnesota tied the game with a touchdown in the final two minutes to tie the game at 7-7. Dufek rushed for 63 yards, but the Minnesota team held Michigan to a total of only 46 yards rushing as Chuck Ortmann was held to -38 rushing yards. With the tie game, Michigan retained possession of the Little Brown Jug.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 76], "content_span": [77, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067772-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 6: Illinois\nIn the sixth game of the year, Michigan played Illinois in a swirling snowstorm at Michigan Stadium. The cold temperature and slippery playing surface kept the offensive units of both teams in check. Chuck Ortmann went 0 for 11 passing, and the Michigan offense was limited to 119 yards of total offense\u2014all gained on the ground. Because of the inclement weather, the game was reduced to a punting duel between Don Laz of Illinois and Tony Momsen of Michigan. There were 25 punts in the game, 14 by Michigan and 11 by Illinois. Near the end of the first half, Illinois put together the only sustained drive of the game. Starting at its own 20-yard line, Illinois drove 80 yards for the game's only touchdown, converting on a ten-yard pass from Fred Major to Tony Klimek.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 72], "content_span": [73, 843]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067772-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 7: Indiana\nIn the seventh game of the season, Michigan defeated Indiana 20-7 at Michigan Stadium. Michigan scored on the third play of the game when Harry Allis intercepted a pass thrown by Lou D'Achille and returned it 33 yards for a touchdown. The Wolverines' offense received help from an unexpected source in Wes Bradford, a 155-pound, fifth-string scatback from Troy, Ohio. Bradford rushed for 105 yards on 15 carries and scored his first career touchdown on a 41-yard run in the second quarter. Don Dufek scored Michigan's final touchdown on a 54-yard run on the first running play of the second half.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 71], "content_span": [72, 668]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067772-0008-0000", "contents": "1950 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 8: Northwestern\nIn the eighth game of the season, Michigan had its biggest offensive output of the year, defeating Northwestern 34-23 at Michigan Stadium. Having averaged only 13 points a game in the first seven-game, Michigan scored in touchdowns in all four quarters against the Wildcats. Michigan's offense was led by a running game that gained 291 net yards, including 110 yards from Don Dufek and 76 yards from Ralph Straffon. Dufek scored two touchdowns and also intercepted a Dick Flowers' pass.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 76], "content_span": [77, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067772-0009-0000", "contents": "1950 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 9: at Ohio State (Snow Bowl)\nThe 1950 team is probably most remembered for its 9\u20133 victory over Ohio State in the famous Snow Bowl game played on November 25. The game was played at Ohio Stadium in Columbus in a blizzard, at 10 degrees above zero, on an icy field, and with winds gusting over 30 miles per hour. U-M did not get a first down or complete a pass in the blizzard, punted 24 times, and rushed for only 27 yards, but won 9\u20133 on a touchdown and a safety, both off blocked punts. Michigan back Don Dufek recalled: \"It was very cold. We kept our hands under our armpits in the huddle. Our center (Carl Kreager) didn't wear any gloves. You couldn't get up a head of steam for anything. It was bad news, period.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 89], "content_span": [90, 779]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067772-0010-0000", "contents": "1950 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 9: at Ohio State (Snow Bowl)\nBoth Michigan scores came off blocked punts, one resulting in a safety and the other in a touchdown. All-American \"Brick\" Wahl was responsible for the safety, blocking a punt by OSU's Heisman Trophy winner Vic Janowicz. The Michigan Daily reported the next day on Wahl's block: \"In tallying the safety it was Michigan's captain Al Wahl, who crashed in Janowicz' well-exercised kicking leg. The ball bounced erratically to the right of the onrushing Maize and Blue lineman and was floundering less than a foot outside the end zone border when speedy Al Jackson caught up with it. Six inches closer and the Wolverines could have added six more points.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 89], "content_span": [90, 740]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067772-0011-0000", "contents": "1950 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Rose Bowl: vs. California\nThe Wolverines then advanced to the Rose Bowl where they beat the previously undefeated California Bears (9\u20130\u20131) by a score of 14\u20136. Michigan was held scoreless and trailed 6\u20130 after three quarters, but Dufek took over in the fourth quarter. He ran for 113 yards in the game and scored two touchdowns in the final six minutes of the game. Dufek was named MVP of the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 81], "content_span": [82, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067773-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Michigan gubernatorial election\nThe 1950 Michigan gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1950. Incumbent Democrat G. Mennen Williams defeated Republican nominee Harry Kelly with 49.76% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067774-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Milan\u2013San Remo\nThe 1950 Milan\u2013San Remo was the 41st edition of the Milan\u2013San Remo cycle race and was held on 18 March 1950. The race started in Milan and finished in San Remo. The race was won by Gino Bartali of the Bartali\u2013Gardiol team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067775-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team\nThe 1950 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team represented the University of Minnesota in the 1950 Big Nine Conference football season. In their 16th year under head coach Bernie Bierman, the Golden Gophers compiled a 1\u20137\u20131 record and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 196 to 79.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067775-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team\nTotal attendance for the season was 267,015, which averaged to 53,403. The season high for attendance was against Iowa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067775-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team, Game summaries, Michigan\nIn its fifth game, Minnesota lost to Michigan. After a scoreless first half, Michigan drove down the field culminating in a two-yard run by Don Dufek. Minnesota tied the game with a touchdown in the final two minutes to tie the game at 7-7. Dufek rushed for 63 yards, but the Minnesota team held Michigan to a total of only 46 yards rushing as Chuck Ortmann was held to -38 rushing yards. With the tie game, Michigan retained possession of the Little Brown Jug.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 69], "content_span": [70, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067776-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Minnesota gubernatorial election\nThe 1950 Minnesota gubernatorial election took place on November 7, 1950. Republican Party of Minnesota candidate Luther Youngdahl defeated Minnesota Democratic\u2013Farmer\u2013Labor Party challenger Harry H. Peterson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067777-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Minnesota lieutenant gubernatorial election\nThe 1950 Minnesota lieutenant gubernatorial election took place on November 7, 1950. Incumbent Lieutenant Governor C. Elmer Anderson defeated Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party challenger Frank Murphy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067778-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Mississippi Southern Southerners football team\nThe 1950 Mississippi Southern Southerners football team was an American football team that represented Mississippi Southern College (now known as the University of Southern Mississippi) as a member of the Gulf States Conference during the 1950 college football season. In their second year under head coach Thad Vann, the team compiled a 5\u20135 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067779-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Mississippi State Maroons football team\nThe 1950 Mississippi State Maroons football team represented Mississippi State College during the 1950 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067780-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Missouri Tigers football team\nThe 1950 Missouri Tigers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Missouri in the Big Seven Conference (Big 7) during the 1950 college football season. The team compiled a 4\u20135\u20131 record (3\u20132\u20131 against Big 7 opponents), finished in third place in the Big 7, and was outscored by all opponents by a combined total of 215 to 166. Don Faurot was the head coach for the 13th of 19 seasons. The team played its home games at Memorial Stadium in Columbia, Missouri.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067780-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Missouri Tigers football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included John Glorioso with 503 rushing yards and 769 yards of total offense, Phil Klein with 625 passing yards, Gene Ackerman with 400 receiving yards, and Ed Stephens with 54 points scored.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067781-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Monaco Grand Prix\nThe 1950 Monaco Grand Prix, formally titled the Prix de Monte-Carlo et XIe Grand Prix Automobile, was a Formula One motor race held on 21 May 1950 at Monaco. It was race two of seven in the 1950 World  Championship of Drivers. The 100-lap race was held at an overall distance of 318.1\u00a0km (197.1\u00a0mi) and was won by Juan Manuel Fangio for the Alfa Romeo team after starting from pole position. Alberto Ascari finished second for Ferrari and Louis Chiron finished third for Maserati.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067781-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Monaco Grand Prix, Report\nAfter two qualifying sessions, on Thursday and Saturday, which Charles Pozzi, Yves Giraud-Cabantous, Pierre Levegh and Clemente Biondetti did not start, the race was dominated from start to finish by Juan Manuel Fangio, who scored his first ever victory in a World Championship event, driving an Alfa Romeo. The starting grid consisted of alternating rows of three and two, starting with three on the front row and continuing up to two on the 8th row.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067781-0001-0001", "contents": "1950 Monaco Grand Prix, Report\nThe first two rows of the grid (positions 1 to 5) were made up of the fastest five drivers from the Thursday qualifying session, with the remaining positions based on the other 16 drivers' times in the second session on the Saturday. This format meant that Luigi Villoresi started 6th, despite his time being fast enough for 2nd place on the grid.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067781-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Monaco Grand Prix, Report\nDue to an accident in practice, Alfredo Pi\u00e0n did not start the race, with Peter Whitehead another non-starter. The race was marred by a large pile-up during the first lap, when a wave from the harbour flooded the track at Tabac Corner. Nino Farina in 2nd, spun and crashed while Fangio managed to escape the chaos. Those who were behind them tried to stop or avoid the carnage, but eight more drivers (from a field of 19 drivers) crashed and retired.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067781-0002-0001", "contents": "1950 Monaco Grand Prix, Report\nNone of them was injured, but Jos\u00e9 Froil\u00e1n Gonz\u00e1lez, who damaged his Maserati in the pile-up but was subsequently running second, crashed during the second lap. His car caught fire and he suffered burns. The race went on with many cars going off at Tabac Corner, nearly causing other accidents. Ferrari driver Luigi Villoresi charged his way from the back of the field after being delayed by the pile-up, but did not finish.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067781-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Monaco Grand Prix, Report\nHarry Schell's Cooper was the first rear-engined car to start in a championship race. Chiron's 3rd place finish made him the only Monegasque driver to score points in Formula One until Charles Leclerc finished 6th in the 2018 Azerbaijan Grand Prix some 68 years later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067781-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Monaco Grand Prix, Classification, Qualifying\nPositions 1-5 determined by Thursday practice. The rest of the field was set on Saturday.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 50], "content_span": [51, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067782-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Montana Grizzlies football team\nThe 1950 Montana Grizzlies football team represented the University of Montana in the 1950 college football season. The Grizzlies were led by second-year head coach Ted Shipkey, played their home games at Dornblaser Field and finished the season with a record of five wins and five losses (5\u20135).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067782-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Montana Grizzlies football team\nThis was Montana's first season out of the Pacific Coast Conference and they competed as an independent; they played four PCC opponents, one more than the previous year. Montana joined the Skyline Conference for the 1951 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067783-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Montana State Bobcats football team\nThe 1950 Montana State Bobcats football team was an American football team that represented Montana State University in the Rocky Mountain Conference (RMC) during the 1950 college football season. In its first season under head coach John Mason, the team compiled a 1\u20138 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067784-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Monte Carlo Rally\nThe 1950 Monte Carlo Rally was the 20th Rallye Automobile de Monte-Carlo. It was won by Marcel Becquart.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067785-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Montenegrin Republic League\nThe 1950 Montenegrin Republic League was fifth season of Montenegrin Republic League. Following changes of competition calendar from Football Association of Yugoslavia, the season began in March 1950 and ended in October same year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067785-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Montenegrin Republic League, Season\nOn season 1950, in Republic League participated eight teams. Five clubs gained membership from previous season (Lov\u0107en, Breznik Pljevlja, Bokelj, Iskra and Radni\u010dki Ivangrad), while three other teams needed to play qualifiers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 40], "content_span": [41, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067785-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Montenegrin Republic League, Season, Qualifiers\nIn the qualifiers participated 11 teams - Arsenal (Tivat), Mornar (Bar), Jedinstvo (Herceg Novi), Primorac (Bijela), Mogren (Budva), Grafi\u010dar (Cetinje), Crvena Zastava (Rogami), De\u010di\u0107 (Tuzi), Prvi Maj (Nik\u0161i\u0107), Gor\u0161tak (Kola\u0161in) and Bratstvo (Bijelo Polje). After the phase one, placement in the final of qualifiers gained six teams. They played qualifying Final tournament at Stadion pod Goricom and three best-placed teams gained promotion to 1950 Montenegrin Republic League. Below is the table of Final tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 52], "content_span": [53, 571]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067785-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Montenegrin Republic League, Season, Championship\nDuring the fifth edition of Montenegrin Republic League, Bokelj and Arsenal struggled for the title until the last week of championship. At the end, Bokelj won the season, with only single point more than team from Tivat. With that success, Bokelj gained a new chance to play in qualifiers for Yugoslav Second League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 54], "content_span": [55, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067785-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Montenegrin Republic League, Season, Qualifiers for Yugoslav Second League\nBokelj played in qualifiers for Yugoslav Second League. Team from Kotor played against Second League side Sutjeska. After two games, Bokelj gained their first-ever promotion to second-tier competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 79], "content_span": [80, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067785-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Montenegrin Republic League, Higher leagues\nOn season 1950, two Montenegrin teams played in higher leagues of SFR Yugoslavia. Budu\u0107nost was a participant of 1950 Yugoslav First League, while Sutjeska) played in 1950 Yugoslav Third League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067786-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Montreal Alouettes season\nThe 1950 Montreal Alouettes was the fifth season for the franchise as they competed in the Interprovincial Rugby Football Union, the highest level of play in eastern Canada. Finishing in third place within the IRFU, the Alouettes failed to make the playoffs despite winning the 37th Grey Cup the previous season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067786-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Montreal Alouettes season, Background\nIn 1949, the Montreal Alouettes finished with an 8\u20134 record. The team became Grey Cup champions by defeating the Calgary Stampeders 28\u201315.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067786-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Montreal Alouettes season, Acquisitions\nThe Alouettes signed tackle Jim Ambrose from the Quebec Senior Football League before the start of the regular season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 44], "content_span": [45, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067786-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Montreal Alouettes season, Regular season\nBy late August, head coach Lew Hayman publicly stated that the Alouettes were performing more poorly than they had the previous season. The team had failed to find permanent starters for two spots on their roster, a tackle and an end. Hayman hoped to fill those roster spots with American players, but he also pointed to a \"lack of drive\" from the team to explain their two preseason losses. He predicted that the team would struggle for \"a third of the schedule\" before improving. This prediction proved accurate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067786-0003-0001", "contents": "1950 Montreal Alouettes season, Regular season\nAfter the Alouettes won their season opener against Ottawa Rough Riders, they lost their next four games to fall to a 1\u20134 record. Their poor performance was partially blamed on injuries, a situation which worsened when former all-star halfback John Harper suffered a dislocated shoulder in a late September exhibition game against the McGill Redmen. The Alouettes improved in October, winning four of their next five games to reach an even 5\u20135 record. They remained a possible playoff team through the final week, when a win by the Hamilton Tiger-Cats pushed them into third place and prevented them from making the playoffs. The Alouettes finished with a 6\u20136 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 714]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067787-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 NAIA Men's Basketball Tournament\nThe 1950 NAIA Men's Basketball Tournament was held in March at Municipal Auditorium in Kansas City, Missouri. The 13th annual NAIA basketball tournament featured 32 teams playing in a single-elimination format. The championship game featured Indiana State University and East Central University (Okla.). It was the first time these two teams had met in the tournament history. The Sycamores defeated the Tigers 61-57.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067787-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 NAIA Men's Basketball Tournament\nThis would be Indiana State's highest finish in their 12 career appearances in the NAIA tournament. Winning the championship puts them in a unique group to place 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th. Also Indiana State finally gets a win after 2 times as runner-up. Uniquely, Indiana State has finished as the National Runner-up in the NAIA (1946 and 1948), the NCAA Division I (1979) and the NCAA Division II (1968) tournaments.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067787-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 NAIA Men's Basketball Tournament, Awards and honors\nMany of the records set by the 1950 tournament have been broken, and many of the awards were established much later:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 56], "content_span": [57, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067787-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 NAIA Men's Basketball Tournament, 1950 NAIA bracket, 3rd place game\nThe third place game featured the losing teams from the national semifinalist to determine 3rd and 4th places in the tournament. This game was played until 1988.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 72], "content_span": [73, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067788-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 NASCAR Grand National Series\nThe 1950 NASCAR Grand National season was the second season of professional stock car racing in the United States. Beginning at the Daytona Beach Road Course on February 5, 1950, the season included 19 races. The season concluded at Occoneechee Speedway on October 29. Julian Buesink won the Owners' Championship, while Bill Rexford won the Drivers' Championship with a 26th-place finish at the final race of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067788-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1950-01\nThe first race of the 1950 season was run on February 5 at the Daytona Beach Road Course in Daytona Beach, Florida. Joe Littlejohn won the pole. Harold Kite of East Point, Georgia, a former tank driver who began racing on the short tracks after World War II, drove past Red Byron in the 25th lap and went on to score a victory in the 200-mile Grand National opener of the 1950 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067788-0001-0001", "contents": "1950 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1950-01\nKite, competing in his first Grand National event, pushed his Lincoln around the sandy course at a record 89.894\u00a0mph and beat runner-up Byron to the finish line by 53 seconds. Third place went to Lloyd Moore, Al Gross was fourth, and J. C. Van Landingham, ending a lengthy absence, finished fifth. A crowd estimated at 9,500 watched Kite take the lead at the outset from pole sitter Littlejohn. Kite, a captain in the national guard, held the top spot until Byron passed him on the 15th lap.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 550]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067788-0001-0002", "contents": "1950 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1950-01\nThe defending NASCAR champion relinquished the lead to Kite in the 24th lap when he made a pit stop. Several laps later Byron was forced to make another pit stop to repair gear shift problems. He returned to the race running seventh. Kite went uncontested for the second half of the 48-lap affair on the 4.167-mile course, and Byron provided plenty of action as he worked his way up through the pack. He edged out Moore for second place with a final lap pass.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067788-0001-0003", "contents": "1950 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1950-01\nForty-one cars started the event and 21 were still running at the finish despite the fact that conditions on the beach were less than ideal. Flock turned in one of the most spirited efforts on the cloudy, breezy day. He finished seventh despite the fact that his car's left front wheel wobbled around every turn", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067788-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1950-02\nThe second race of the 1950 season was run on April 2 at Charlotte Speedway in Charlotte, North Carolina. Red Byron won the pole. Tim Flock, wheeling the same Lincoln that carried Harold Kite to victory at Daytona, drove around Byron in the 48th lap and stormed to victory in the 150-mile Grand National race. It was Flock's first win on the NASCAR major league tour. Bob Flock finished second, a half lap behind his younger brother. Clyde Minter wound up third, Byron came in fourth and Bill Snowden was fifth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 570]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067788-0002-0001", "contents": "1950 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1950-02\nByron's fourth-place effort, coupled with his runner-up finish at Daytona, enabled him to move to the top of the Grand National points standings, 2.5 points ahead of Tim Flock. A crowd of 13,000 was on hand to watch Bob Flock lead the opening laps in his Oldsmobile. Pole sitter Byron then charged past and led for 42 laps on the three-quarter mile dirt track. Tim surged past Byron in the 48th lap and led the rest of the way. Lash LaRue, Western movie star, greeted Flock in victory lane. \"This is my biggest win\", said Flock.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067788-0002-0002", "contents": "1950 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1950-02\n\"To win a Grand National race is a dream come true.\" June Cleveland was running in the top five when he flipped his Buick in the 85th lap. The roof was flattened, and Cleveland was transported to a Charlotte hospital with cuts. He was not  seriously injured. His crash occurred in the exact spot where Virginia driver Jesse Elmo \"Hank\" Stanley was killed a few weeks earlier in a modified sportsman race. Curtis Turner, Lee Petty, Buck Baker, Fonty Flock and Bill Blair\u2014all rated as pre-race threats\u2014failed to finish the 200-lap race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067788-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1950-03\nThe third race of the 1950 season was run on April 16 at Langhorne Speedway in Langhorne, Pennsylvania. Tim Flock won the pole.--   Curtis Turner prevailed in an intense struggle and won the 150-mile race on the one-mile dirt track. His second career Grand National win came at an average speed of 69.399\u00a0mph. The lead changed hands seven times as five drivers waged a furious duel. Tim Flock led the opening two laps from the pole position. Bill Blair pushed his Cadillac past Flock in the third lap and led until Flock assumed command again on lap eight.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 615]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067788-0003-0001", "contents": "1950 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1950-03\nFlock led for 35 laps while 23-year-old rookie Bill Rexford moved into second. The two toured the circular oval in bumper-to-bumper fashion. Rexford sneaked past Flock in the 43rd lap and paced the action for 18 laps. Rexford's Oldsmobile began sputtering, which allowed Turner to take the lead on lap 61. Ray Erickson moved into the lead when he raced his Mercury past Turner in the 84th lap. He was bidding for his first Grand National triumph when a rock pierced his radiator, forcing him out after 114 laps.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 570]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067788-0003-0002", "contents": "1950 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1950-03\nTurner took the lead at that point and led the rest of the way. Lloyd Moore, Jimmy Florian, Tim Flock and Lee Petty rounded out the top five. Flock was running third when a wheel came off his Lincoln and bounced into the path of Blair, who struck it. The steering column in Blair's Caddilac snapped, came up through the driver's compartment and hit the driver. The High Point, North Carolina, star spent one night in the hospital. Turner won $1,500 for his efforts as only six cars finished after 28 started.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 567]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067788-0003-0003", "contents": "1950 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1950-03\nPoints leader Red Byron did not enter the race. Tim Flock took over the points lead on the strength of his fourth-place finish. Turner's John Eanes-owned Oldsmobile was running on Dunlop tires. Dunlop had plenty of space on Turner's car\u00a0\u2014 placing its name on the hood and side doors. Erickson's appearance was his last start of the year. A short time later, he lost an arm in a hot-rod crash. Also following the race, the FBI began investigating some individuals who were trying to introduce racketeering and gambling into stock car racing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067788-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1950-04\nThe fourth race of the 1950 season was run on May 21 at Martinsville Speedway in Martinsville, Virginia, the first race in the lineage of the Virginia 500, the spring race at the track. Buck Baker won the pole. Curtis Turner got his second-straight Grand National win with a decisive triumph. The Roanoke, Virginia, \"Blond Bomber\" dashed ahead of Baker in the 11th lap and led the rest of the way in the 150-lap, 75 mile feature at the half-mile dirt oval. Jim Paschal finished second in a four-year-old Ford, Lee Petty was third and Glenn Dunnaway came in fourth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 623]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067788-0004-0001", "contents": "1950 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1950-04\nCyde Minter picked up fifth spot. Turner's Oldsmobile outdistanced the field by two full laps. He up to only 2.5 points behind leader Tim Flock, who fell victim to rear end problems after 97 laps. Baker started on the pole at 54.216\u00a0mph in a Ford police special. He faded to eighth at the finish. Herb Thomas was running among the leaders in his Ford when a spindle broke in the final laps. He got credit for 14th in the field of 25.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067788-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, Poor Man's 500\nThe fifth race of the 1950 season was run on May 30 at Canfield Speedway in Canfield, Ohio. The event was staged on the same day as the Indianapolis 500 \u2014 hence the title of the \"Poor Man's 500\". Jimmy Florian won the pole. Bill Rexford of Conewango Valley, New York, stalked Curtis Turner for over half the race, then took command to win the  100-mile race. Rexford took the lead in the 121st lap and went on to beat runner-up Glenn Dunnaway by two laps.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 65], "content_span": [66, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067788-0005-0001", "contents": "1950 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, Poor Man's 500\nLloyd Moore finished third and took the lead in the Grand National point standings by 36.5 points over Tim Flock, who finished ninth. Lee Petty crossed the finish line in fourth place and Bill Blair took fifth. The promoters did pay some lap money, with $5 going to the leader of each lap from the 101st through the 200th. Rexford's earnings came to $1,400 with the lap money. Turner led the first 120 laps before his engine went sour. He departed after 133 laps and wound up 19th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 65], "content_span": [66, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067788-0005-0002", "contents": "1950 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, Poor Man's 500\nA crowd of 11,000 showed up on Memorial Day and watched Al Gross, former stunt car driver for the Jimmy Lynch Thrill Show, flip his Oldsmobile in the ninth lap. Gross suffered a broken back and was taken to the hospital for an extended stay. Frank Canale posted the second-fastest qualifying time but overheating problems forced him out after 74 laps. Joe Merola was on hand with a new radically designed 1948 Tucker Torpedo, one of the most controversial and advanced automobiles. The car went out before Merola was able to complete a lap.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 65], "content_span": [66, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067788-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1950-06\nThe sixth race of the 1950 season was run on June 18 at Vernon Fairgrounds in Vernon, New York. Chuck Mahoney won the pole. Bill Blair of High Point, North Carolina, took the lead in the 25th lap and led the remaining distance to score his first Grand National win at the Vernon Fairgrounds. A crowd of 15,000 showed up for the one-year anniversary of NASCAR Grand National stock car racing. Blair's Mercury was comfortably ahead of Lloyd Moore at the finish of the 100-mile race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067788-0006-0001", "contents": "1950 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1950-06\nMoore extended his point lead to 216.5 points over Tim Rock, who did not enter. Chuck Mahoney was third, while Dick Burns came in fourth and Lee Petty fifth. Mahoney started on the pole and led the first 18 laps. He was in the lead when his Mercury hit a loose wheel rolling on the track, blew a tire and bent an axle. His pit crew did an excellent job of repairing the damage, and even more incredible was his drive back into third place. Bill Rexford finished sixth and moved into the top-ten in points. Ann Chester became the fourth female driver to race in the Grand National ranks. Her Plymouth fell victim to early problems and she finished 22nd in the 23 car field.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 731]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067788-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1950-07\nThe seventh race of the 1950 season was run on June 25 at Dayton Speedway at Dayton, Ohio. Dick Linder won the pole. Jimmy Florian muscled his Ford past Curtis Turner with 32 laps remaining and won the 100-mile event at Dayton Speedway. It was the first win in Grand National competition for the Ford nameplate. The lead changed hands six times among four different drivers with Florian holding the upper hand on two occasions for a total of 40 laps. Along with ushering in Ford's first win, Florian established another \"first\" on the muggy afternoon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 610]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067788-0007-0001", "contents": "1950 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1950-07\nHe pulled into victory lane and climbed out wearing nothing but his white pants. The 27-year-old Cleveland mechanic said he decided not to wear a shirt due to the hot weather and since there was no NASCAR rule requiring him to do so. \"It was awfully hot and I knew I'd be more comfortable without a shirt,\" said Florian. \"I've done it several times before, but not in the Grand Nationals.\" Dick Linder started on the pole and led on two occasions for 35 laps. He eventually finished second as Buck Barr came in third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067788-0007-0002", "contents": "1950 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1950-07\nTurner wound up fourth and Art Lamey was fifth. Lloyd Moore finished 23rd in the field of 25 and failed to earn any championship points, but he still held a 202.5 point lead over Lee Petty who finished eighth. Florian jumped to third in the standings, 171.5 points out of first place. Frank Mundy drove a Nash Ambassador, but fell out early with mechanical problems. Herschel Buchanan drove another Nash to a sixth-place finish.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067788-0008-0000", "contents": "1950 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1950-08\nThe eighth race of the 1950 season was run on July 2 at Monroe County Fairgrounds in Rochester, New York. Curtis Turner won the pole. Turner passed the field and cruised to an easy win in the 100-mile Grand National event. It was his fourth career win. Turner, starting his Oldsmobile on the pole, jumped out to an early lead and led the entire 200 laps on the half-mile dirt track. He wound up three laps in front of runner-up Bill Blair, who edged out Lee Petty in a stretch duel. Jimmy Florian was fourth and Bill Rexford fifth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 590]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067788-0008-0001", "contents": "1950 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1950-08\nTurner averaged 50.614\u00a0mph as three caution flags broke the action for seven total laps. Following the race, Turner and Petty fought at the inspection station. Each was fined $100 by NASCAR. Dick Burns was badly shaken when his Mercury left the track and struck a light pole in the 133rd lap. The event was the first Grand National race in which a father-son duo competed together. Roscoe\"Pappy\" Hough and his son Lee finished 18th and 25th. Turner's victory pushed him atop the point standings by two points over Lloyd Moore. Petty stood third in points, 24.5 points out of first place, but he was stripped of all 809 points a week later, when NASCAR officials discovered he that competed in a non-sanctioned race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 774]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067788-0009-0000", "contents": "1950 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1950-09\nThe ninth race of the 1950 season was run on July 23 at Charlotte Speedway in Charlotte, North Carolina. Curtis Turner won the pole and jumped into the lead in the opening lap and never looked back as he streaked to victory in the 150-mile Grand National race. The muscular driver out of Roanoke, Virginia led from start to finish\u00a0\u2014 the second race in a row that Turner had led every lap. The triumph kept Turner in the Grand National point lead as Lloyd Moore dropped to 21st in the 26 car field.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 556]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067788-0009-0001", "contents": "1950 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1950-09\nChuck Mahoney finished in second place, with Herb Thomas, Jimmie Lewallen and Dick Burns rounding out the top five. Bill Blair and Bill Rexford pressured Turner in the early going, but Blair departed with a broken spindle and engine failure put Rexford out of action. Lee Petty and Glenn Dunnaway were running in the top five when both Plymouth drivers lost wheels. They finished 11th and 12th respectively. On the same day, Jim Roper, winner of the first Grand National race at Charlotte on June 19, 1949, won a 20-lap strictly stock outlaw feature at Pratt, Kansas, on a 1.6-mile paved oval, averaging 67.659\u00a0mph.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 674]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067788-0010-0000", "contents": "1950 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1950-10\nThe tenth race of the 1950 season was run on August 13 at Occoneechee Speedway in Hillsboro, North Carolina. Dick Linder won the pole, and Curtis Turner took the lead on the first lap of the race and maintained it through the next 45 laps. However, on lap 46, Turner blew a tire and went into the pits, leaving him two laps down. This gave the lead to Pee Wee Martin for 12 laps,  before Fireball Roberts took over on lap 58.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067788-0010-0001", "contents": "1950 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1950-10\nTurner managed to regain the lead lap, but ran out of time to catch Roberts, who scored the first win of his career. Linder finished third, with Bill Rexford fourth, Clyde Minter fifth, and Gene Austin, Lee Petty, Herb Thomas, Chuck Mahoney, and Johnny Mantz rounding out the top 10. Turner's second place kept him at the top of the points standings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067788-0011-0000", "contents": "1950 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1950-11\nThe eleventh race of the 1950 season was run on August 20 at Dayton Speedway in Dayton, Ohio. Curtis Turner won the pole and led the first 48 laps, but had problems, ultimately finishing in 23rd. Dick Linder then took control, and dominated the remainder of the event, winning over Red Harvey. Herb Thomas, Lee Petty, and Art Lamey rounded out the top five. The race was shortened by five laps due to a serious crash by Johnny Mantz, when he plowed through a guardrail and Joe Merola drove into the debris. Mantz was uninjured, while Merola only had minor cuts and bruises. Despite his 23rd place, Turner kept the points lead over Lloyd Moore.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 702]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067788-0012-0000", "contents": "1950 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1950-12\nThe twelfth race of the 1950 season was run on August 27 at Hamburg Speedway in Hamburg, New York. Dick Linder won the pole, and while Curtis Turner showed a major challenge, leading 74 of the 200 laps, Linder came out on top, winning by 20 yards over Fireball Roberts. Turner, Lloyd Moore, and Jack White made up the rest of the top five.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067788-0013-0000", "contents": "1950 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, Southern 500\nThe inaugural Southern 500 was run on September 4 at Darlington Raceway in Darlington, South Carolina. Curtis Turner won the pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 63], "content_span": [64, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067788-0014-0000", "contents": "1950 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1950-14\nThe fourteenth race of the 1950 season was run on September 17 at Langhorne Speedway in Langhorne, Pennsylvania. Wally Campbell won the pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067788-0015-0000", "contents": "1950 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, Wilkes 200\nThe Wilkes 200 was run on September 24 at North Wilkesboro Speedway in North Wilkesboro, North Carolina. Fireball Roberts won the pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 61], "content_span": [62, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067788-0016-0000", "contents": "1950 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1950-16\nThe sixteenth race of the 1950 season was run on October 1 at Vernon Fairgrounds in Vernon, New York. Dick Linder won the pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067788-0017-0000", "contents": "1950 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1950-17\nThe seventeenth race of the 1950 season was run on October 15 at Martinsville Speedway in Martinsville, Virginia, a race now regarded as the second edition of the Old Dominion 500 (the distance changed after the track was paved in 1955 from 200 to 400, and then 500 laps). Fonty Flock won the pole. This race was team owner Junie Donlavey's first career start, fielding an Oldsmobile driven by Runt Harris.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 465]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067788-0018-0000", "contents": "1950 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1950-18\nThe eighteenth race of the 1950 season was run on October 15 at Funk's Speedway in Winchester, Indiana. Dick Linder won the pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067788-0019-0000", "contents": "1950 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1950-19\nThe nineteenth and final race of the 1950 season was run on October 29 at Occoneechee Speedway in Hillsboro, North Carolina. Fonty Flock won the pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067789-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 NBA Finals\nThe 1950 NBA World Championship Series was the championship round of the National Basketball Association (NBA)'s inaugural 1949\u201350 season. The Central Division champion Minneapolis Lakers faced the Eastern Division champion Syracuse Nationals in a best-of-seven series with Syracuse having home-court advantage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067789-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 NBA Finals\nThe NBA recognizes three preceding Basketball Association of America (BAA) seasons as part of its own history, and thus presents the 1950 Finals as its fourth championship series. Minneapolis had won the 1949 BAA Finals and its 1950 win over Syracuse is officially the Lakers second of five titles in Minneapolis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067789-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 NBA Finals\nIn the event, six games were played in 16 days, beginning Saturday and Sunday, April 8 and 9, in Syracuse and incorporating two subsequent Sunday games in Minneapolis. Counting a Central Division tiebreaker played on Monday, March 20, the entire postseason tournament spanned five full weeks to Sunday, April 23.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067789-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 NBA Finals\nThe NBA was arranged in three divisions (for its first season only) and the first two rounds of the 1950 NBA Playoffs generated three Division champions. With the league's best regular season record, Syracuse had earned a place in the Finals by winning the Eastern Division title on the preceding Sunday, and had been five days idle while the Central and Western champions had played a best-of-three series mid-week.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067789-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 NBA Finals\nIn Game 1, The Lakers won on a buzzer beating shot by sub Bob \"Tiger\" Harrison, the first known case of a buzzer beater in the Finals. 6'8\" Dolph Schayes of Syracuse led his team out to the finals after a 16.8 ppg average during the regular season. George Mikan, however, averaged 27.4 ppg and led the league. Mikan would lead the Lakers past Syracuse in six games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067790-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 NBA draft\nThe 1950 NBA draft was the fourth annual draft of the National Basketball Association (NBA). This is the first draft after the Basketball Association of America (BAA) was renamed the NBA. The draft was held on April 25, 1950, before the 1950\u201351 season. In this draft, 12 remaining NBA teams took turns selecting amateur U.S. college basketball players. In each round, the teams select in reverse order of their win\u2013loss record in the previous season. The Chicago Stags participated in the draft but folded prior to the start of the season. The draft consisted of 12 rounds comprising 121 players selected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 620]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067790-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 NBA draft, Draft selections and draftee career notes\nChuck Share from Bowling Green State University was selected first overall by the Boston Celtics. Paul Arizin from Villanova University was selected before the draft as Philadelphia Warriors' territorial pick. The sixth pick, Irwin Dambrot, did not play in the NBA and opted for a career as a dentist. Four players from this draft, Paul Arizin, Bob Cousy, George Yardley and Bill Sharman, have been inducted to the Basketball Hall of Fame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 57], "content_span": [58, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067790-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 NBA draft, Draft selections and draftee career notes\nChuck Cooper, the 12th pick, and Earl Lloyd, the 100th pick, were the first African Americans to be drafted by an NBA team. Lloyd became the first African American to play in the NBA on October 31, 1950, one day before Cooper made his debut.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 57], "content_span": [58, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067790-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 NBA draft, Other picks\nThe following list includes other draft picks who have appeared in at least one NBA game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 27], "content_span": [28, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067790-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 NBA draft, Notable undrafted players\nThese players were not selected in the 1950 draft, but played at least one game in the NBA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 41], "content_span": [42, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067791-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 NBA playoffs\nThe 1950 NBA playoffs was the postseason tournament of the inaugural National Basketball Association 1949\u201350 season. The tournament concluded with the Central Division champion Minneapolis Lakers defeating the Eastern Division champion Syracuse Nationals 4 games to 2 in the NBA Finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067791-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 NBA playoffs\nTwelve teams qualified for the playoffs. Including tiebreaker games that preceded two of the six first-round series, they began play on Monday to Wednesday, March 20 to 22, and the best-of-seven Finals concluded in game six on Sunday, April 23. The champions played the greatest number of games, 13 in a span of 34 days, on a schedule including both back-to-back games and as many as six days off.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067791-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 NBA playoffs, Bracket\nThe NBA was created in 1949 by merger of  two competing professional basketball leagues, the BAA and NBL. For its first season only, the NBA teams were arranged in three divisions: Eastern, comprising the five surviving BAA Eastern Division teams plus Syracuse from the NBL; Central, comprising the five surviving BAA Western Division teams; and Western, comprising all the NBL teams except Syracuse. Within each division the top four teams were matched in two rounds of short series to generate a champion, after which the three division champions contended for the NBA title. With three contenders the third round of the tournament comprised a bye for one and a best-of-three match between the other two.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 26], "content_span": [27, 733]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067791-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 NBA playoffs, Division Semifinals, Central Division Semifinals, (1) Minneapolis Lakers vs. (4) Chicago Stags\nThis was the second playoff meeting between these two teams, with the Lakers winning the first meeting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 113], "content_span": [114, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067791-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 NBA playoffs, Division Semifinals, Central Division Semifinals, (2) Rochester Royals vs. (3) Fort Wayne Pistons\nThis was the first playoff meeting between these two teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 116], "content_span": [117, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067791-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 NBA playoffs, Division Semifinals, Eastern Division Semifinals, (1) Syracuse Nationals vs. (4) Philadelphia Warriors\nThis was the first playoff meeting between these two teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 121], "content_span": [122, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067791-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 NBA playoffs, Division Semifinals, Eastern Division Semifinals, (2) New York Knicks vs. (3) Washington Capitols\nThis was the second playoff meeting between these two teams, with the Capitols winning the first meeting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 116], "content_span": [117, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067791-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 NBA playoffs, Division Semifinals, Western Division Semifinals, (1) Indianapolis Olympians vs. (4) Sheboygan Red Skins\nThis was the first playoff meeting between these two teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 123], "content_span": [124, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067791-0008-0000", "contents": "1950 NBA playoffs, Division Semifinals, Western Division Semifinals, (2) Anderson Packers vs. (3) Tri-Cities Blackhawks\nThis was the first playoff meeting between these two teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 119], "content_span": [120, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067791-0009-0000", "contents": "1950 NBA playoffs, Division Finals, Central Division Finals, (1) Minneapolis Lakers vs. (3) Fort Wayne Pistons\nThis was the first playoff meeting between these two teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 110], "content_span": [111, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067791-0010-0000", "contents": "1950 NBA playoffs, Division Finals, Eastern Division Finals, (1) Syracuse Nationals vs. (2) New York Knicks\nThis was the first playoff meeting between these two teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 107], "content_span": [108, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067791-0011-0000", "contents": "1950 NBA playoffs, Division Finals, Western Division Finals, (1) Indianapolis Olympians vs. (2) Anderson Packers\nThis was the first playoff meeting between these two teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 112], "content_span": [113, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067791-0012-0000", "contents": "1950 NBA playoffs, NBA Semifinals: (2) Minneapolis Lakers vs. (3) Anderson Packers\nThis was the first playoff meeting between these two teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 82], "content_span": [83, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067791-0013-0000", "contents": "1950 NBA playoffs, NBA Finals: (1) Syracuse Nationals vs. (2) Minneapolis Lakers\nThis was the first playoff meeting between these two teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 80], "content_span": [81, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067792-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 NC State Wolfpack football team\nThe 1950 NC State Wolfpack football team represented North Carolina State University during the 1950 college football season. The Wolfpack were led by seventh-year head coach Beattie Feathers and played their home games at Riddick Stadium in Raleigh, North Carolina. They competed as members of the Southern Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067793-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 NCAA Basketball Tournament\nThe 1950 NCAA Basketball Tournament involved 8 schools playing in single-elimination play to determine the national champion of men's NCAA college basketball. It began on March 23, 1950, and ended with the championship game on March 28 in New York City, New York. A total of 10 games were played, including a third place game in each region and a national third place game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067793-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 NCAA Basketball Tournament\nCCNY, coached by Nat Holman, won the national title with a 71\u201368 victory in the final game over Bradley, coached by Forddy Anderson. Irwin Dambrot of CCNY was named the tournament's Most Outstanding Player. CCNY became the only team to ever win both the NIT and NCAA tournaments in the same year. Because of participation changes, this currently cannot happen. CCNY is also the only championship team which is not currently a member of Division I. They dropped down to the NCAA College Division in the 1963-64 season. The CCNY point shaving scandal of 1950\u201351 had hit the program hard, and they had 12 sub-par seasons from 1951-52 through 1962-63 before dropping down to the College Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 724]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067793-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 NCAA Basketball Tournament\nThe 1950 tournament was the last tournament to feature eight teams. The field would expand to sixteen teams the next year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067793-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 NCAA Basketball Tournament, Locations\nThe following are the sites selected to host each round of the 1950 tournament:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 42], "content_span": [43, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067793-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 NCAA Basketball Tournament, Locations, Championship Game\nFor the seventh and final time, Madison Square Garden hosted the National Championship game. This would be the last final held in the New York metropolitan area until 1996, and the last final to date held in New York City itself. This was the seventh time in eight years that this particular venue arrangement would be used; both buildings would host the regionals for one more year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 61], "content_span": [62, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067794-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 NCAA Cross Country Championships\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Paul2520 (talk | contribs) at 18:17, 17 November 2019 (Adding short description: \"1950 cross-country running meet of the NCAA\" (Shortdesc helper)). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067794-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 NCAA Cross Country Championships\nThe 1950 NCAA Cross Country Championships were the 12th annual cross country meet to determine the team and individual national champions of men's collegiate cross country running in the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067794-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 NCAA Cross Country Championships\nSince the current multi-division format for NCAA championship did not begin until 1973, all NCAA members were eligible. In total, 17 teams and 66 individual runners contested this championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067794-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 NCAA Cross Country Championships\nThe meet was hosted by Michigan State College on November 27, 1950, at the Forest Akers East Golf Course in East Lansing, Michigan. The distance for the race was 4 miles (6.4 kilometers).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067794-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 NCAA Cross Country Championships\nThe team national championship was won by the Penn State Nittany Lions, their third. The individual championship was won by Herb Semper, from Kansas, with a time of 20:31.7.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067795-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 NCAA Golf Championship\nThe 1950 NCAA Golf Championship was the 12th annual NCAA-sanctioned golf tournament to determine the individual and team national champions of men's collegiate golf in the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067795-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 NCAA Golf Championship\nThe tournament was held at the University of New Mexico Golf Course in Albuquerque, New Mexico.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067795-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 NCAA Golf Championship\nDefending champions North Texas State again won the team title, the Eagles' second NCAA team national title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067796-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 NCAA Men's Basketball All-Americans\nThe consensus 1950 College Basketball All-American team, as determined by aggregating the results of five major All-American teams. To earn \"consensus\" status, a player must win honors from a majority of the following teams: the Associated Press, Look Magazine, The United Press International, Collier's Magazine and the International News Service.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067797-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament\nThe 1950 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament was the culmination of the 1949\u201350 NCAA men's ice hockey season, the 3rd such tournament in NCAA history. It was held between March 16 and 18, 1950, and concluded with Colorado College defeating Boston University 13-4. All games were played at the Broadmoor Ice Palace in Colorado Springs, Colorado.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067797-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament\nThe 13 goals Colorado College scored in the championship game is a record that has only been equaled once (by Colorado College in 1957). Additionally, the 23 goals scored in their two games is a record for one team in a Frozen Four. CC's goal differential (+16) is also a record for an NCAA tournament, matched by Michigan in 1953 and Wisconsin in 1983.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067797-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament, Qualifying teams\nFour teams qualified for the tournament, two each from the eastern and western regions. The teams were selected by a committee based upon both their overall record and the strength of their opponents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 55], "content_span": [56, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067797-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament, Format\nThe eastern and western teams judged as better were seeded as the top regional teams. The second eastern seed was slotted to play the top western seed and vice versa. All games were played at the Broadmoor Ice Palace. All matches were Single-game eliminations with the semifinal winners advancing to the national championship game and the losers playing in a consolation game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 45], "content_span": [46, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067798-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 NCAA Swimming and Diving Championships\nThe 1950 NCAA Swimming and Diving Championships were contested in March 1950 at the Ohio State Natatorium at the Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio at the 14th annual NCAA-sanctioned swim meet to determine the team and individual national champions of men's collegiate swimming and diving in the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067798-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 NCAA Swimming and Diving Championships\nHosts Ohio State repeated as team champions, capturing their sixth overall title and fifth title in six years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067799-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 NCAA Tennis Championships\nThe 1950 NCAA Tennis Championships were the 5th annual tournaments to determine the national champions of NCAA men's singles, doubles, and team collegiate tennis in the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067799-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 NCAA Tennis Championships\nUCLA was awarded the team championship, the Bruins' first title. UCLA finished six points ahead of California and USC (11\u20135).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067799-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 NCAA Tennis Championships, Host site\nThis year's tournaments were hosted by the University of Texas at Austin in Austin, Texas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067799-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 NCAA Tennis Championships, Team scoring\nUntil 1977, the men's team championship was determined by points awarded based on individual performances in the singles and doubles events.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 44], "content_span": [45, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067800-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 NCAA Track and Field Championships\nThe 1950 NCAA Track and Field Championships were contested at the 29th annual NCAA-hosted track meet to determine the team and individual national champions of men's collegiate track and field events in the United States. This year's meet was hosted by the University of Minnesota at Memorial Stadium in Minneapolis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067800-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 NCAA Track and Field Championships\nUSC repeated as team national champions, claiming their 14th title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067801-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 NCAA Wrestling Championships\nThe 1950 NCAA Wrestling Championships were the 20th NCAA Wrestling Championships to be held. Iowa State Teachers College in Cedar Falls, Iowa hosted the tournament at their West Gymnasium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067801-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 NCAA Wrestling Championships\nIowa State Teachers College took home the team championship with 30 points and having three individual champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067802-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 NCAA baseball season\nThe 1950 NCAA baseball season, play of college baseball in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) began in the spring of 1950. The season progressed through the regular season and concluded with the 1950 College World Series. The College World Series, held for the fourth time in 1950, consisted of one team from each of eight geographical districts and was held for the first time in Omaha, Nebraska at Johnny Rosenblatt Stadium as a double-elimination tournament. Texas claimed their second championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067802-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 NCAA baseball season, Conference winners\nThis is a partial list of conference champions from the 1950 season. Each of the eight geographical districts chose, by various methods, the team that would represent them in the NCAA Tournament. Conference champions had to be chosen, unless all conference champions declined the bid.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 45], "content_span": [46, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067802-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 NCAA baseball season, College World Series\nThe 1950 season marked the fourth NCAA Baseball Tournament, which consisted of the eight team College World Series. For the first time, the College World Series was held in Omaha, Nebraska, which became the permanent home of the event. Districts used a variety of selection methods to the event, from playoffs to a selection committee. District playoffs were not considered part of the NCAA Tournament, and the expansion to eight teams resulted in the end of regionals as they existed from 1947 through 1949. The eight teams played a double-elimination format, with Texas claiming their second championship with a 3\u20130 win over Washington State in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 47], "content_span": [48, 705]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067803-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 NCAA football rankings\nTwo human polls comprised the 1950 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) football rankings. Unlike most sports, college football's governing body, the NCAA, does not bestow a national championship, instead that title is bestowed by one or more different polling agencies. There are two main weekly polls that begin in the preseason\u2014the AP Poll and the Coaches' Poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067803-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 NCAA football rankings, AP Poll\nThis was the first season that the AP released a preseason poll before any games were played in August. The final AP Poll was released on November 27, near the end of the 1950 regular season, weeks before the major bowls. The AP would not release a post-bowl season final poll regularly until 1968.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 36], "content_span": [37, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067803-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 NCAA football rankings, Coaches' Poll\nThis was the first year for the UP Coaches Poll, and its final edition was released prior to the bowl games, on December 5. Oklahoma received 32 of the 35 first-place votes, with one vote each to Princeton, Michigan State, and Wyoming.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 42], "content_span": [43, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067804-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 NFL Championship Game\nThe 1950 National Football League Championship Game was the 18th National Football League (NFL) title game, played on Sunday, December 24 at Cleveland Stadium in Cleveland, Ohio.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067804-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 NFL Championship Game\nIn their first NFL season after four years in the rival All-America Football Conference, the Cleveland Browns defeated the Los Angeles Rams, 30\u201328. The championship was the first of three won by Cleveland in the 1950s under head coach Paul Brown behind an offense that featured quarterback Otto Graham, fullback Marion Motley, and ends Dante Lavelli and Mac Speedie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067804-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 NFL Championship Game\nCleveland began the season with a win against the Philadelphia Eagles, who had won the previous two NFL championships. The Browns won all but two of their regular-season games, both losses coming against the New York Giants. Cleveland ended the season with a 10\u20132 win\u2013loss record, tied with the Giants for first place in the American Conference. The tie forced a playoff that the Browns won, 8\u20133. Los Angeles, meanwhile, finished the season 9\u20133, tied with the Chicago Bears for first place in the National Conference. The Rams won their playoff, setting up the championship matchup with the Browns, in which the Browns were four-point favorites at home.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 680]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067804-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 NFL Championship Game\nThe game began with a long touchdown pass from Rams quarterback Bob Waterfield to halfback Glenn Davis on the first play from scrimmage, giving Los Angeles an early lead. Cleveland tied the game later in the first quarter with a touchdown from Graham to Dub Jones, but the Rams quickly went ahead again on a Dick Hoerner touchdown run. Cleveland scored two unanswered touchdowns in the second and third quarters, retaking a 20\u201314 lead. A pair of Rams touchdowns in the third quarter, however, gave Los Angeles a two-possession advantage going into the final period. Cleveland responded with a diving touchdown catch by Rex Bumgardner in the final minutes of the game, followed by a field goal by placekicker Lou Groza with 28 seconds left to win, 30\u201328.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 780]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067804-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 NFL Championship Game\nLavelli set a then championship-game record with 11 receptions, and Waterfield's 82-yard pass to Davis on the first play of the game was then the longest scoring play in championship history. Los Angeles had 407 total yards to Cleveland's 373, but Cleveland had five interceptions, compared to just one for the Rams. The Browns' Warren Lahr had two interceptions in the game. After the game, NFL commissioner Bert Bell called Cleveland \"the greatest team ever to play football\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 505]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067804-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 NFL Championship Game, Background\nBefore the 1950 season, the NFL added three teams from the All-America Football Conference (AAFC), a competing league that went out of business as part of a peace deal negotiated in 1949. After the addition of the Cleveland Browns, Baltimore Colts, and San Francisco 49ers, the NFL reorganized its Eastern and Western divisional structure into the American and National conferences. The Browns were placed in the American Conference with a group of teams mostly from the old Eastern Division, while the 49ers and Colts went into the National Conference with teams from the old Western Division. Under NFL rules at the time, the teams with the best records in each conference after the 12-game regular season were to play each other in the NFL championship to determine the winner of the league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 833]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067804-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 NFL Championship Game, Background\nThe 1950 season ended with ties for first place in both the American and National conferences, forcing two playoff games for spots in the championship. The Browns tied with the New York Giants for the best record in the American Conference, while the Los Angeles Rams and Chicago Bears tied atop the National Conference. It was the first time in league history that both of the NFL's conferences (or divisions) ended in a tie for first place. The Browns defeated the Giants 8\u20133 in their playoff, and the Rams beat the Bears 24\u201320 to set up a Rams-Browns championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067804-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 NFL Championship Game, Background, Cleveland Browns\nThe Browns had been the AAFC's most dominant team, winning all four of its championships between its founding in 1946 and 1949 under head coach Paul Brown. The team, however, was seen by some NFL owners and sportswriters as merely the best squad in an inferior league. NFL commissioner Bert Bell scheduled a matchup between the Browns and the two-time defending champion Philadelphia Eagles in the first game of the season, played a day before the league's other games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 56], "content_span": [57, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067804-0007-0001", "contents": "1950 NFL Championship Game, Background, Cleveland Browns\nA crowd of 71,237 people saw the game, an attendance record in Philadelphia and the ninth-largest in professional football history at the time. After Cleveland won the game, NFL commissioner Bert Bell named Browns quarterback Otto Graham the game's most valuable player and gave him a trophy, calling the Browns \"the greatest team to ever play the game\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 56], "content_span": [57, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067804-0008-0000", "contents": "1950 NFL Championship Game, Background, Cleveland Browns\nCleveland lost for the first time in the third week of the season against the Giants. That was followed by victories over the Chicago Cardinals and Pittsburgh Steelers, but Cleveland lost again to the Giants in the sixth week of the season. The team proceeded to win all of its remaining games, however, thanks in large part to an offense led by Graham, fullback Marion Motley, ends Mac Speedie and Dante Lavelli, and tackle/placekicker Lou Groza. Cleveland's offense was fourth in the NFL in scoring, with 310 points. The defense, meanwhile, finished second in points allowed, with 144. Cleveland played all of its games against American Conference opponents, aside from two matchups against the other former AAFC teams, the Colts and the 49ers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 56], "content_span": [57, 803]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067804-0009-0000", "contents": "1950 NFL Championship Game, Background, Cleveland Browns\nCleveland's record was 10\u20132 at the end of the regular season, leaving the team tied with the Giants and forcing a playoff to determine the conference winner. The Browns won a coin toss to determine home-field advantage. The game, played in cold weather at Cleveland Stadium, was a low-scoring affair that the Browns won 8\u20133 on a pair of Groza field goals and a safety.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 56], "content_span": [57, 425]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067804-0010-0000", "contents": "1950 NFL Championship Game, Background, Los Angeles Rams\nThe Rams began the season with a loss to the Chicago Bears. Victories over the New York Yanks and 49ers followed, but the team fell to 2\u20132 with a loss to the Eagles in the fourth week of the season. Los Angeles then went on a six-game winning streak that included a 70\u201327 blowout of the Colts and a 65\u201324 win over the Detroit Lions. The Rams lost the second-to-last game of the season, again against the Bears, and finished with a 9\u20133 record. That tied the Rams with the Bears atop the National Conference, forcing a playoff that Los Angeles won, setting up a championship matchup with the Browns in Cleveland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 56], "content_span": [57, 667]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067804-0011-0000", "contents": "1950 NFL Championship Game, Background, Los Angeles Rams\nThe Rams, who left Cleveland after the 1945 season for Los Angeles, were making their second straight appearance in an NFL title game. The Rams had one of the most potent offenses in NFL history in 1950 under head coach Joe Stydahar. It featured Bob Waterfield and Norm Van Brocklin at quarterback, Tom Fears and Bob Boyd at end, and Elroy Hirsch at halfback.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 56], "content_span": [57, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067804-0012-0000", "contents": "1950 NFL Championship Game, Background, Los Angeles Rams\nThe Rams averaged 309 passing yards per game, a record that stood until 1984. The team's running unit, led by Dick Hoerner, Vitamin Smith, and Dan Towler, averaged more than 140 yards a game. Los Angeles averaged 38.8 points per game in 1950, an NFL record that still stood as of 2018. Los Angeles ended the regular season first in the NFL in points scored, with 466. The team was ninth of 13 teams in points allowed, however, with 309.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 56], "content_span": [57, 493]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067804-0013-0000", "contents": "1950 NFL Championship Game, Game summary\nWhile the Rams were unmatched offensively, the Browns' defense gave up half as many points during the regular season. Cleveland coach Paul Brown announced before the game that he would employ an umbrella defense against the Rams, similar to the one the Giants had used effectively against the Browns. His plan was to show Los Angeles the umbrella formation at first but switch back to the team's usual formation soon after. He abandoned the umbrella defense after the Rams scored a touchdown on their first play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067804-0014-0000", "contents": "1950 NFL Championship Game, Game summary\nThe championship game took place on Christmas Eve in Cleveland a week after the conference playoffs. The weather was dry, with 28\u00a0mph (45\u00a0km/h) winds and a temperature of 29\u00a0\u00b0F (\u22122\u00a0\u00b0C). On the Rams' first play after the opening kickoff, Waterfield passed to Glenn Davis for an 82-yard touchdown, giving Los Angeles an early 7\u20130 lead. Martin was covering Davis, but slipped on the slick turf, leaving the receiver open.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067804-0014-0001", "contents": "1950 NFL Championship Game, Game summary\nGraham and the Browns' offense responded with a drive later in the first quarter that evened the score, but the Rams went ahead again by a touchdown on a three-yard Hoerner rush. Cleveland scored a second touchdown in the second quarter, this time a 37-yard pass from Graham to Lavelli. Groza's extra point attempt failed, however, because of a high snap, putting the Browns behind by one point. Waterfield missed a 15-yard field goal attempt at the end of the first half, leaving the score at 14\u201313 at halftime.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067804-0015-0000", "contents": "1950 NFL Championship Game, Game summary\nCleveland took the lead again in the third quarter on a 39-yard touchdown pass to Lavelli, his second of the day. The Rams responded with a touchdown run by Hoerner and another touchdown quickly thereafter when Motley fumbled and Los Angeles's Larry Brink took it into the end zone. Down 28\u201320 as the fourth quarter began, Cleveland was helped by interceptions by Thompson and Lahr that put its offense in good field position.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067804-0015-0001", "contents": "1950 NFL Championship Game, Game summary\nOn a drive with 10 minutes left to play, Cleveland went for it on fourth down three times and made the necessary yards each time, advancing to the Los Angeles 14-yard line. From there, Graham threw a touchdown pass to Bumgardner, who dove to catch it in the corner of the end zone. After several more defensive stands, the Browns had the ball back and drove toward the Rams' end zone as the game drew to a close. Graham fumbled, however, and the Rams recovered with three minutes left.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067804-0015-0002", "contents": "1950 NFL Championship Game, Game summary\nCleveland's defense held, and Los Angeles punted, giving the Browns the ball back at their own 31-yard line with 1:49 left in the game. Graham scrambled up the middle for 16 yards on the first play, and then turned to his receivers. A pass to Bumgardner and two to Jones on the sidelines, followed by another to Bumgardner, put the ball at the Los Angeles 11-yard line. Graham ran a quarterback sneak on the next play to place the ball at the middle of the field in preparation for a field goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 536]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067804-0015-0003", "contents": "1950 NFL Championship Game, Game summary\nAfter a time out, Groza came in and kicked the field goal with 0:28 left on the clock to put Cleveland ahead 30\u201328. The Rams fumbled the ensuing kickoff and the Browns recovered, appearing to seal the victory. The officials ruled that Groza had kicked prematurely, however, and Los Angeles returned his rekick to their 46-yard line. An interception by Lahr on a sideline pass stopped the drive and gave Cleveland the win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067804-0016-0000", "contents": "1950 NFL Championship Game, Game summary\nAfter the game, Bert Bell called the Browns \"the greatest team ever to play football.\" Brown later remembered it as the best game he ever saw, pointing to the success both teams had passing the ball at a time when the emphasis was shifting across the league from running to passing. Cleveland and Los Angeles played again in the 1951 championship, which the Rams won, 24\u201317. The Browns went on to appear in each championship game between 1952 and 1955, including a win over the Rams in 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067804-0017-0000", "contents": "1950 NFL Championship Game, Officials\nThe NFL added the fifth official, the back judge, in  1947; the line judge arrived in 1965, and the side judge in 1978.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 37], "content_span": [38, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067804-0018-0000", "contents": "1950 NFL Championship Game, Final statistics\nLavelli caught 11 passes, which set an NFL championship record that stood for eight years. He had 128 yards and two touchdowns. The Rams' Fears also had a strong game, with nine receptions for 136 yards. While Waterfield threw four interceptions, he otherwise performed well, completing 18 passes for 312 yards and a touchdown. His touchdown pass on the first play of the game to Davis was the longest score ever in a championship at the time. Graham, meanwhile, had 22 completions for 298 yards and four touchdowns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 44], "content_span": [45, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067804-0019-0000", "contents": "1950 NFL Championship Game, Final statistics\nDespite a high score, both defenses played well. Los Angeles was able to hold Motley, Cleveland's most dangerous rusher, completely in check. The Browns had five interceptions, including two by Lahr, and managed to stop the Rams from building a large lead in the fourth quarter, thanks in part to Len Ford's disruptive play at defensive end.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 44], "content_span": [45, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067804-0020-0000", "contents": "1950 NFL Championship Game, Players' shares\nThe gross receipts for the game, including about $45,000 for radio and television rights, was under $158,000. Each player on the winning Browns team received $1,113, while Rams players made $686 each.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 43], "content_span": [44, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067805-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 NFL Draft\nThe 1950 National Football League Draft was held January 20\u201321, 1950, at the Bellevue-Stratford Hotel in Philadelphia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067806-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 NFL playoffs\nThe 1950 National Football League playoffs took place after the 1950 regular season ended with a tie for first place in both the American and National conferences. The ties forced one-game playoffs to determine who would play in the NFL championship game. It was the only time in the NFL's championship game era that two such tiebreaker playoff games were needed in the same year. The Cleveland Browns and New York Giants tied for first place in the American Conference, while the Chicago Bears and Los Angeles Rams tied for first place in the National Conference. The Browns proceeded to beat the Giants 8\u20133, and the Rams beat the Bears 24\u201314 in their playoff game. Cleveland then beat the Rams in the championship game the following week.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 758]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067806-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 NFL playoffs\nPlaying their first year in the NFL after four years in the rival All-America Football Conference, the Browns battled with the Giants for the lead in the American Conference for most of the regular season. Cleveland ended with a 10\u20132 win\u2013loss record, having lost its only two games against the Giants. The Giants, meanwhile, lost to the Pittsburgh Steelers and Chicago Cardinals. In the National Conference, the Bears and Rams were also near the top of the standings in the second half of the 12-game season, and both ended with 9\u20133 records.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067806-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 NFL playoffs\nThe Browns and Giants and the Rams and Bears played their playoff games on December 17. In Cleveland against the Giants, the Browns won a low-scoring game in freezing conditions on two field goals by placekicker Lou Groza and a late-game safety. The Rams beat the Bears in 92-degree heat in Los Angeles, thanks largely to a strong performance by quarterback Bob Waterfield, who threw three touchdowns to end Tom Fears. The results set up a championship matchup between the Browns and Rams. The Browns won the game 30\u201328 on a Groza field goal with 28 seconds to play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 584]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067806-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 NFL playoffs, Background\nWhen the All-America Football Conference (AAFC) folded in late 1949, three of its teams\u00a0\u2013 the Cleveland Browns, San Francisco 49ers and Baltimore Colts\u00a0\u2013 were absorbed by the NFL. This forced a realignment of the NFL's divisions into the American and National conferences. The Browns went into the American Conference along with teams mostly from the NFL's old Eastern Division, while the 49ers and Colts went into the National Conference with teams from the old Western Division. Under NFL rules at the time, the teams with the best records in each conference after the 12-game regular season were to play each other in the NFL championship to determine the winner of the league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 710]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067806-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 NFL playoffs, Background\nThe Browns and the New York Giants jockeyed for first place in the American Conference for most of the regular season. Cleveland ended with a 10\u20132 win\u2013loss record, both of its losses coming against the Giants. The Giants ended with the same record, having lost to the Pittsburgh Steelers and Chicago Cardinals. In the National Conference, the New York Yanks, Chicago Bears and Los Angeles Rams were at the top of the standings for most of the season. The Yanks faded with four losses in the final five games, however, leaving the Rams and Bears tied at 9\u20133 at the end of the season. The Rams lost two of their games against the Bears, while the Bears lost to the Yanks, Cardinals and Green Bay Packers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 732]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067806-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 NFL playoffs, Background\nWith both conferences tied, two playoffs were scheduled to determine which teams would play in the annual championship game. Cleveland won a coin toss to get home-field advantage in its matchup against the Giants on December 17. Chicago played Los Angeles on the same day in Los Angeles. It was the first and only time in the championship game era between 1933 and 1966 when both of the NFL's divisions ended in ties for first place, resulting in two playoff games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067806-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 NFL playoffs, Conference playoff games, American Conference\nCleveland and New York met in Cleveland on a frozen field as a stiff wind gusted through the stadium. Cleveland drove deep into New York's territory in the first quarter, but a stop by the Giants led to a Lou Groza field goal that put the Browns up 3\u20130. The game was a defensive struggle through the middle periods. Neither team scored again until the fourth quarter, when Giants quarterback Charlie Conerly led a drive to the Cleveland 36-yard line.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 64], "content_span": [65, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067806-0006-0001", "contents": "1950 NFL playoffs, Conference playoff games, American Conference\nFrom there, Conerly handed the ball to back Gene \"Choo Choo\" Roberts, who sprinted outside the right of the line and appeared headed for a touchdown. Cleveland linebacker Bill Willis chased him down and tackled him at the 4-yard line, however. Bob McChesney then caught a pass from Conerly in the end zone for an apparent touchdown on third down, but it was called back on an offside penalty. Cleveland's Tommy James intercepted Conerly's pass on the next play, but the Browns were called for holding, negating the turnover.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 64], "content_span": [65, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067806-0006-0002", "contents": "1950 NFL playoffs, Conference playoff games, American Conference\nThe Giants got a new set of downs, but were unable to score a touchdown. A penalty sent them back to the 13-yard line, from where Randy Clay kicked a field goal to tie the score. On the Browns' ensuing drive, coach Paul Brown decided to switch strategies and focus on quarterback keeper plays, calculating that the Giants would be unprepared for runs by Otto Graham. Cleveland advanced to New York's 22-yard line thanks to 45 yards of rushing by Graham, which set up a 28-yard field goal that gave the Browns a 6\u20133 lead. On the Giants' final possession as time ran out, Martin tackled Conerly in his own end zone, resulting in a safety and making the final score 8\u20133. The Browns and Giants had only 91 combined passing yards during the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 64], "content_span": [65, 806]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067806-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 NFL playoffs, Conference playoff games, National Conference\nThe Bears and Rams faced off at Los Angeles Coliseum in 92-degree heat. The scoring began with a 43-yard field goal by Los Angeles quarterback Bob Waterfield in the first quarter, putting the Rams ahead 3\u20130. Chicago responded early in the second quarter with a 65-yard drive on eight plays, capped by a 22-yard touchdown run by Al Campana. The Bears' lead was short-lived, however. Waterfield threw two touchdown passes to end Tom Fears later in the second quarter, putting the Rams ahead 17\u20137 at halftime.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 64], "content_span": [65, 571]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067806-0007-0001", "contents": "1950 NFL playoffs, Conference playoff games, National Conference\nThe Rams pulled away with a third touchdown pass to Fears in the third quarter. Chicago tried to mount a comeback at the end of the game, but could only manage one touchdown, a 4-yard rush by halfback Fred \"Curly\" Morrison. The Los Angeles defense stopped the Bears on another fourth-quarter drive that reached the Rams' 2-yard line. Following the stop, a fight broke out at midfield between Chicago's George Blanda and the Rams' Dan Tolwer, leading to a bench-clearing fight that officials and coaches had to break up. The game ended shortly thereafter with the Rams ahead 24\u201314.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 64], "content_span": [65, 645]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067806-0007-0002", "contents": "1950 NFL playoffs, Conference playoff games, National Conference\nWaterfield threw for 280 yards on 14 completions, while Chicago quarterback Johnny Lujack had only 198 yards on 14 completions. While Los Angeles was not known for its defense, it stopped Chicago on two long drives that could have gone for touchdowns. The win was an important one for Joe Stydahar, the Rams' head coach. He was in his first year coaching the Rams, and was going up against Bears coach George Halas, whom he had played under for several years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 64], "content_span": [65, 524]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067806-0008-0000", "contents": "1950 NFL playoffs, NFL Championship Game\nLos Angeles had made it to the NFL championship game in 1949, making its appearance against the Browns its second straight. The Rams had one of the most potent offenses in NFL history in 1950. It featured Waterfield and Norm Van Brocklin at quarterback, Tom Fears and Bob Boyd at end and Elroy Hirsch at halfback. The Rams averaged 309 passing yards per game, a record that stood until 1984. The team's running unit, led by Dick Hoerner, Vitamin Smith and Dan Towler, averaged more than 140 yards a game. Los Angeles averaged 38.8 points per game in 1950, an NFL record that still stood as of 2007.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 40], "content_span": [41, 639]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067806-0009-0000", "contents": "1950 NFL playoffs, NFL Championship Game\nWhile the Rams were unmatched offensively, the Browns' defense gave up half as many points during the regular season. Brown announced before the game that he would employ an umbrella defense against the Rams, similar to the one the Giants had used effectively against the Browns. His plan was to show Los Angeles the umbrella formation at first but switch back to the team's usual formation soon after. He abandoned the umbrella defense after the Rams scored a touchdown on their first play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 40], "content_span": [41, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067806-0010-0000", "contents": "1950 NFL playoffs, NFL Championship Game\nThe championship game took place on Christmas Eve in Cleveland a week after the conference playoffs. On the Rams' first play after the opening kickoff, Waterfield passed to Glenn Davis for an 82-yard touchdown, giving Los Angeles an early 7\u20130 lead. Martin was covering Davis, but slipped on the slick turf, leaving the receiver open. Graham and the Browns' offense responded with a drive later in the first quarter that evened the score, but the Rams went ahead again by a touchdown on a three-yard Hoerner rush.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 40], "content_span": [41, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067806-0010-0001", "contents": "1950 NFL playoffs, NFL Championship Game\nCleveland scored a second touchdown in the second quarter, this time a 37-yard pass from Graham to Lavelli. Groza's extra point attempt failed, however, because of a high snap, putting the Browns behind by one point. Waterfield missed a 15-yard field goal attempt at the end of the first half, leaving the score at 14\u201313 at halftime.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 40], "content_span": [41, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067806-0011-0000", "contents": "1950 NFL playoffs, NFL Championship Game\nCleveland took the lead again in the third quarter on a 39-yard touchdown pass to Lavelli, his second of the day. The Rams responded with a touchdown run by Hoerner and another touchdown quickly thereafter when Motley fumbled and Los Angeles's Larry Brink took it into the end zone. Down 28\u201320 as the fourth quarter began, Cleveland was helped by interceptions by Thompson and Lahr that put its offense in good field position.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 40], "content_span": [41, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067806-0011-0001", "contents": "1950 NFL playoffs, NFL Championship Game\nOn a drive with 10 minutes left to play, Cleveland went for it on fourth down three times and made the necessary yards each time, advancing to the Los Angeles 14-yard line. From there, Graham threw a touchdown pass to Bumgardner, who dove to catch it in the corner of the end zone. After several more defensive stands, the Browns had the ball back and drove toward the Rams' end zone as the game drew to a close. Graham fumbled, however, and the Rams recovered with three minutes left.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 40], "content_span": [41, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067806-0011-0002", "contents": "1950 NFL playoffs, NFL Championship Game\nCleveland's defense held, and Los Angeles punted, giving the Browns the ball back at their own 31-yard line with 1:49 left in the game. Graham scrambled up the middle for 16 yards on the first play, and then turned to his receivers. A pass to Bumgardner and two to Jones on the sidelines, followed by another to Bumgardner, put the ball at the Los Angeles 11-yard line. Graham ran a quarterback sneak on the next play to place the ball at the middle of the field in preparation for a field goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 40], "content_span": [41, 536]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067806-0011-0003", "contents": "1950 NFL playoffs, NFL Championship Game\nAfter a time out, Groza came in and kicked the field goal with 0:28 left on the clock to put Cleveland ahead 30\u201328. The Rams fumbled the ensuing kickoff and the Browns recovered, appearing to seal the victory. The officials ruled that Groza had kicked prematurely, however, and Los Angeles returned his rekick to their 46-yard line. An interception by Lahr on a sideline pass stopped the drive and gave Cleveland the win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 40], "content_span": [41, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067807-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 NFL season\nThe 1950 NFL season was the 31st regular season of the National Football League. The merger with the All-America Football Conference (AAFC) expanded the league to 13 teams. Meanwhile, television brought a new era to the game. The Los Angeles Rams became the first NFL team to have all of its games \u2013 both home and away \u2013 televised. The Washington Redskins became the second team to put their games on TV. Other teams arranged to have selected games televised.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067807-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 NFL season, The AAFC\u2013NFL merger\nThe NFL and the AAFC merged prior to the season, announced on December 9, 1949. Three AAFC teams \u2014 Cleveland Browns, San Francisco 49ers, and Baltimore Colts \u2014 joined the NFL intact. The players of the former AAFC New York Yankees team were divided up between the New York Giants and the New York Bulldogs (who changed their name to New York Yanks), the Los Angeles Dons and Los Angeles Rams merged, and a portion of the AAFC Buffalo Bills was absorbed into the Browns organization. A special draft was then held by the league's 13 teams to allocate the rest of the AAFC players.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 36], "content_span": [37, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067807-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 NFL season, The AAFC\u2013NFL merger\nThe 13 teams were realigned into the American and National conferences, which lasted for three seasons. The merged league briefly flirted with the name \"National-American Football League\", but restored the name \"National Football League\" a few months later on March 3, 1950. Under the alignment, both conferences had a team in New York and Chicago. The \"American Conference\" (formerly the Eastern Division) had six teams including the Giants and the Cardinals, and the \"National Conference\" (the old Western Division) had seven teams including the Yanks and the Bears, as well as the Baltimore Colts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 36], "content_span": [37, 637]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067807-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 NFL season, The AAFC\u2013NFL merger\nBaltimore was declared a \"swing team\" and played one game against each of the other 12 NFL clubs. The original intent of the merger was to have the popular Cleveland Browns serve as this team for two years to equally help gate receipts throughout the league, however, this was refused point blank by Paul Brown. Over a 13-week season, one team was idle each week while the other 12 met in the six scheduled games. Each team played a home-and-away game against the other five teams in their conference, one game outside the conference, and one game against Baltimore over the course of a 12-game schedule.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 36], "content_span": [37, 641]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067807-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 NFL season, The AAFC\u2013NFL merger\nThe league also established the Pro Bowl in the 1950 season. Though the league had attempted an all-star game annually between 1938 and 1942, it had cancelled the game because of World War II and did not revive it when the war ended. Unlike the previous all-star game format, which pitted the league's most recent champion against the league's best all-stars, the Pro Bowl would pit two all-star teams, one from each conference, against each other.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 36], "content_span": [37, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067807-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 NFL season, The AAFC\u2013NFL merger\nAlso, the 1950 season saw the first game played outside the United States when the New York Giants played the Ottawa Rough Riders of the Interprovincial Rugby Football Union in an exhibition match on August 12. The Giants and Rough Riders would repeat the feat in 1951; the Giants handily won both games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 36], "content_span": [37, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067807-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 NFL season, Draft\nThe 1950 NFL Draft was held from January 20\u201321, 1950 at Philadelphia's Bellevue-Stratford Hotel. With the first pick, the Detroit Lions selected end Leon Hart from the University of Notre Dame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 22], "content_span": [23, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067807-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 NFL season, Final standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 32], "content_span": [33, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067807-0008-0000", "contents": "1950 NFL season, Playoffs\nThe only scheduled playoff game was the championship game. The two conference playoffs were tiebreakers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 25], "content_span": [26, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067808-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 NK Hajduk Split season\nThe 1950 season was the 39th season in Hajduk Split\u2019s history and their 4th in the Yugoslav First League. Their 3rd place finish in the 1948\u201349 season meant it was their 4th successive season playing in the Yugoslav First League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067809-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 NSWRFL season\nThe 1950 New South Wales Rugby Football League premiership was the forty-third season of Sydney\u2019s top-level rugby league competition, Australia\u2019s first. Ten teams from across the city contested the premiership during the season which culminated in a grand final between South Sydney and Western Suburbs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067809-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 NSWRFL season, Teams\n16th seasonGround: Belmore Sports Ground Coach: Alby WhyCaptain: Eddie Burns", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 25], "content_span": [26, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067809-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 NSWRFL season, Teams\n43rd seasonGround: Sports Ground Coach: Ernie Norman Captain: Ferris Ashton", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 25], "content_span": [26, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067809-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 NSWRFL season, Teams\n4th seasonGround: Brookvale Oval Coach: Wally O'Connell Captain: Perce Pritchard", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 25], "content_span": [26, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067809-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 NSWRFL season, Teams\n43rd seasonGround: North Sydney OvalCoach: Frank Hyde Captain: Martin Gallagher", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 25], "content_span": [26, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067809-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 NSWRFL season, Teams\n30th seasonGround: Jubilee Oval Coach: Jim Duckworth Captain: Johnny Hawke", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 25], "content_span": [26, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067809-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 NSWRFL season, Teams\n43rd seasonGround: Pratten Park Coach: Jeff Smith Captain: Frank Stanmore", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 25], "content_span": [26, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067809-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 NSWRFL season, Finals, Final\nIn a close and physical encounter South Sydney held a 17\u201311 six point lead at half time. The second half was tryless, but South Sydney kept ahead on penalty goals throughout.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 33], "content_span": [34, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067809-0008-0000", "contents": "1950 NSWRFL season, Finals, Final\nSouths\u2019 captain Jack Rayner led the team in fine style to their first title in eighteen years while the club\u2019s internationals all stood up and were counted. Forward Bernie Purcell kicked five long-range penalty goals in succession; fullback Clive Churchill ran Wests\u2019 heavyweight forwards off their legs and winger Johnny Graves scored two great tries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 33], "content_span": [34, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067809-0009-0000", "contents": "1950 NSWRFL season, Finals, Final\nSouth Sydney Rabbitohs  21 (Tries: Graves 2, Smailes. Goals: Purcell 5, Graves 1.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 33], "content_span": [34, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067810-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 NYU Violets football team\nThe 1950 NYU Violets football team was an American football team that represented New York University as an independent during the 1950 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067810-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 NYU Violets football team\nIn their first season under head coach Hugh Devore, the Violets compiled a 1\u20135\u20131 record, and were outscored 157\u201388.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067810-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 NYU Violets football team\nThe team played one game in Manhattan, against crosstown rival Fordham at the Polo Grounds. The rest of its schedule was on the road. NYU played no games at its on-campus home field, Ohio Field in University Heights, Bronx.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067811-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Nairobi general strike\nThe 1950 Nairobi general strike was a nine-day general strike led by the East African Trades Union Congress (EAUTC) that took place in Nairobi, Kenya, in the spring of 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067811-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Nairobi general strike\nOn 15 May 1950, union leaders Makhan Singh and Fred Kubai, under charges of being officers of an unregistered trade union whose registration had been refused, as per section 8 and 10 of the Trades Unions and Trades Disputes Ordinance, 1943. After the arrests, police cordoned off the EAUTC offices, blocking the EAUTC central council from having access to it.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067811-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Nairobi general strike\nIn response, the remaining EAUTC leadership announced their intentions to start a general strike at 14:00 the next day. By the end of the day, however, their call to strike had picked up such moment that a general strike was already de facto in effect.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067811-0002-0001", "contents": "1950 Nairobi general strike\nAmong the demands of the strike were the release of Kubai and Singh, an end to workers being arrested in their homes in the middle of the night, the setting of a legal minimum wage, housing allowances, sick leave, 14 days holiday a year, a workers\u2019 provident fund, and the changes to taxi driver municipal by-laws.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067811-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Nairobi general strike\nLocated between Nairobi's industrial area and the city's railway station, Kaloleni Valley became one of the epicentres of the strike, with multiple demonstrations being held there and a large bonfire being lit to symbolise the continuation of the strike. Strikebreakers had their heads shaved in the Valley and were forced to clean the local toilets. Local women played a significant role in the organisation of the strike and in maintaining supply lines.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067811-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Nairobi general strike\nThe colonial government reacted strongly, quickly declaring the strike illegal under the Essential Services Ordinance and sending vans with loudspeakers around the city to broadcast the government's position. The government also attempted to break the strike by sending in armoured cars, firing tear gas at demonstrations, and making hundreds of arrests. The Kenya Police Reserve and the Criminal Investigation Department conducted surveillance and infiltration of the strike, with snatch squads being assigned to kidnap union leaders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067811-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Nairobi general strike\nBy June 1950, the strike had come to an end.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 72]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067812-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 National Challenge Cup\nThe 1950 National Challenge Cup was the 36th edition of the United States Soccer Football Association's annual open cup. Today, the tournament is known as the Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup. Teams from the American Soccer League II competed in the tournament, based on qualification methods in their base region. St. Louis Simpkins-Ford won the tournament for their second time, by defeating Ponta Delgada S.C. of Fall River, Massachusetts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067813-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 National Games of India\nThe 1950 National Games of India were held in Bombay. They were the 14th national games, and the second time the games had been held in Bombay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067813-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 National Games of India, Background\nIn late 1949, the Bengal Provincial Olympic Association, whose turn it was to hold the next national games, could not do so, and, at the Indian Olympic Association meeting on 24 October 1949, members from other associations were asked to stage these games but no province took the responsibility. The IOA President Maharaja of Patiala then asked Bombay to host the games; it agreed and had just three months to organise the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 40], "content_span": [41, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067813-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 National Games of India, Organising Challenges\nThe Bombay Provincial Olympic Association tackled many challenges as it organised for the games. First, it approached the Bombay Government for assistance, and then Bombay Home and Revenue Minister Morarji Desai presided over the first Organizing Committee meeting for the games. Second, it sought housing for about 700 sportspersons; Major General Brar and Brigadier Madhavsinhji assisted in this effort of putting up the Olympic Village in the Barracks close to the Stadium. Third, the CCI authorities and Homi Contractor readily acceded to the request to hold the games at Brabourne Stadium. Fourth, the question of feeding the athletes arose, and Controller of Rationing Quereshi assisted with this effort. Fifth, orders for the latest international sporting equipment had to be placed, and Secretary of the Bombay Provincial Olympic Association Sohrab Bhoot handled this task.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 51], "content_span": [52, 933]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067813-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 National Games of India, Organisation\nAnd so the National Games were held on 4\u201313 February 1950 in Bombay. Key administrators for these Games were Organising Council Chair Morarji Desai; Organising Committee Chair A. S. deMello (then President of the Bombay Provincial Olympic Association); and Organising Committee Secretary Sohrab Bhoot (then Secretary of the Bombay Provincial Olympic Association).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 42], "content_span": [43, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067813-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 National Games of India, Organisation\nThe organising committee included 3 representatives of the Indian Olympic Association Council, as well as the Executive Committee of the Bombay Provincial Olympic Association. * * Also assisting with organisation were members of the Reception committee, Meher and Golwalla; Stadium committee, Bebbington and Taraporewala; Village committee, Davies, Saugar, and Wadia; Grounds committee, Rane and Pardiwala; Publicity committee, Mody and Saugar; Finance committee, Mehta and Kapadia; Transport committee, Shenoy and Kate; Program committee, Joseph and Gole; and Games committee, Mhaskar and Gole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 42], "content_span": [43, 638]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067813-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 National Games of India, Organisation\nThe brochure for the Games thus noted: \"True to Bombay tradition we had the help and cooperation from one and all whom we approached in the cause of Sports.\" And A.S. DeMello noted on 10 February at Brabourne Stadium: \"In staging these games, we have received the powerful help and influence of the Government of Bombay, of friends and of many friendly experts, all of whose invaluable aid it is my privilege to acknowledge gratefully today.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 42], "content_span": [43, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067813-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 National Games of India, Organisation\n*", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 42], "content_span": [43, 44]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067813-0006-0001", "contents": "1950 National Games of India, Organisation\n*The principal officers and executive committee members of the Bombay Provincial Olympic Association were: 1949-50: President A S deMello; Vice Presidents K G Lohana and P R Bhatt; Treasurer J Kapadia; Secretaries S Bhoot, L R Agaskar, A R M Sidiki; Members T Adams, W Abraham, K F Golwala, Y A Gole, N D Kate, B M Mistry, J T Martin, N S Saugar, V H A Sonawalla, D B Taraporewala, K Ziaudin 1948-49: President A S deMello; Vice Presidents K G Lohana and J S Bharucha; Treasurer P R Bhatt; Secretary S Bhoot; Members D Abraham, W Abraham, L Agaskar, K F Golwala, Y A Gole, M D Kale, J T Martin, N V Sarma, N S Saugar, V H A Sonawalla, D B Taraporewala 1947-48: President A S deMello; Vice Presidents K G Lohana and S Setna; Treasurer P R Bhatt; Secretary S Bhoot, J Pardiwala; Members W Abraham, T Adams, L Agaskar, M K Choksi, K F Golwala, N M Limaye, M B Maneckji, J T Martin, R G Nair, N V Sarma, Valimahommed H A Sonawalla", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 42], "content_span": [43, 969]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067814-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 National Invitation Tournament\nThe 1950 National Invitation Tournament was the 1950 edition of the annual NCAA college basketball competition. For the only time in history, the same school won both the NIT and NCAA tournaments as CCNY took both championships, beating Bradley in both finals. Four participants in the 1950 NIT (Bradley, CCNY, Kentucky and Long Island University) were later implicated in the CCNY point shaving scandal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067814-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 National Invitation Tournament, Selected teams\nBelow is a list of the 12 teams selected for the tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067815-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Nations Grand Prix\nThe 1950 Nations Grand Prix was a motor race set to Formula One rules, held on 30 July 1950. The race was won by Argentinean driver Juan Manuel Fangio after a distance of 68 laps.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067816-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Nations motorcycle Grand Prix\nThe 1950 Nations motorcycle Grand Prix was the sixth and final round of the 1950 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on 10 September 1950 at the Autodromo Nazionale Monza.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067817-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Navy Midshipmen football team\nThe 1950 Navy Midshipmen football team represented the United States Naval Academy during the 1950 college football season. In their first season under head coach Eddie Erdelatz, the Midshipmen compiled a 3\u20136 record and were outscored by their opponents by a combined score of 176 to 122.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067818-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\nThe 1950 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team was the representative of the University of Nebraska and member of the Big 7 Conference in the 1950 college football season. The team was coached by Bill Glassford and played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067818-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Before the season\nAfter the dark decade of the 1940s, where the Cornhusker program found only one winning season, second-year head coach Glassford had arrived and brought a faint hope to the Cornhusker faithful by fielding a 1949 team that appeared competitive. As coach Glassford settled in for his second year, he increased the coaching staff from seven to nine personnel, and the new decade opened with hopes that Nebraska could once again take its place among the best of the college football programs in the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 58], "content_span": [59, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067818-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Before the season\nOn April 8, 1950, Nebraska held its first ever Spring Game scrimmage (later known as the Red-White Game) against a team of Nebraska alumni players (supplemented by a handful of varsity members). The two teams played to a 13\u201313 tie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 58], "content_span": [59, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067818-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Indiana\nNebraska put a stop to Indiana's seven-game winning streak against the Cornhuskers by bringing a strong performance to the opening game of the season. The Hoosiers escaped a defeat only by a handful of fumbles lost by Cornhusker miscues. It was the first time since 1938 that Nebraska had fought a contest to a tie, a 0\u20130 scoreless affair which also happened to be against Indiana. The Cornhuskers pulled up to 3\u20137\u20133 against Indiana to date.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 64], "content_span": [65, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067818-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Minnesota\nEncouraged by the strong showing the week prior against the Hoosiers, Nebraska traveled to Minneapolis and refused to be intimidated by the Golden Gophers. By the time Minnesota managed to score, Nebraska was already enjoying a 26\u20130 lead and had the Gophers on their heels. Minnesota's adjustments after halftime brought some results, but not enough for them to escape the rare home field defeat. Minnesota's ten-game winning streak against Nebraska was snapped at last, and the Cornhuskers reveled in their first win in Minneapolis since a 6\u20130 decision against the Gophers dating back to 1902. Nebraska now stood at 5\u201325\u20132 in the series and had much ground to cover if they ever hoped to catch up, but the momentous win was cause to celebrate. Perhaps Nebraska was finally on the way back.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 66], "content_span": [67, 857]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067818-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Colorado\nFresh from their triumph in Minneapolis, the Cornhuskers arrived in Boulder looking for another win to establish the return of the program to greatness. Colorado would have none of that, however, and dealt the uninspired Nebraska squad its first loss of the season to move to 3\u20136\u20133 in the series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 65], "content_span": [66, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067818-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Penn State\nNebraska bounced back from the flat performance of the week before, and was firing on all cylinders when Penn State arrived in Lincoln for the first time ever in the third meeting of these teams. Cornhusker HB Bobby Reynolds accounted for more personal yards on the day then the entire Nittany Lion team, and the Nebraska defense held strong to prevent Penn State from ever finding the scoreboard, securing the first Nebraska win in the series. So far, except for the aberration in Boulder, the season had opened with exceptional success as the Cornhuskers were undefeated against three powerhouse teams, two of which were longtime rivals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 67], "content_span": [68, 707]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067818-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Kansas\nThe Cornhuskers continued to build on the season's rising tide of successes by defeating the Jayhawks in Lawrence, snapping their three-game skid against Kansas. Nebraska was now 41\u201312\u20133 against the Jayhawks all-time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 63], "content_span": [64, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067818-0008-0000", "contents": "1950 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Missouri\nThe 1950 homecoming game was attended by former Cornhusker football players who had battled in the 1941 Rose Bowl ten seasons prior, and the new decade's version of the Cornhuskers did not disappoint. For the first time since 1945, Nebraska pulled in a homecoming victory, in an offensive shootout that amassed  over 1,000 combined offensive yards by both teams. The defeat of Missouri ended a five-game Tiger winning streak, and put Nebraska ahead in the series at 25\u201315\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 65], "content_span": [66, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067818-0009-0000", "contents": "1950 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Kansas State\nKansas State found itself in the path of a rolling Cornhusker squad that was listed in the AP Poll for the first time since 1941, and was unable to get out of the way as the Cornhuskers hung 49 points on the scoreboard before the final whistle, which was the most points scored in a single game by Nebraska since a 53\u20130 blanking of lowly South Dakota in 1945. Nebraska had now defeated the Wildcats in eight straight meetings and continued to lead the series at 28\u20134\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 69], "content_span": [70, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067818-0010-0000", "contents": "1950 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Iowa State\nApparently the voters in the AP Poll were not adequately impressed with Nebraska's win over downtrodden Kansas State the previous week, as the Cornhuskers actually fell two spots in the poll before facing Iowa State in Lincoln. A single touchdown proved to be the difference in the game, as the Cyclones fought a fairly close game, holding Nebraska to under 30 points for the first time in four games. The Cornhuskers increased their commanding series lead to 35\u20138\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 67], "content_span": [68, 535]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067818-0011-0000", "contents": "1950 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Oklahoma\nNebraska faced its stiffest test of the season when the Cornhuskers traveled to Norman to close the regular season, as the Sooners held a record seven-game winning streak over Nebraska and was the #1 ranked team in the AP Poll going into the game. Nebraska fought in front of a substantial crowd, managing to put up 35 points against the number one team in the land on their own turf, but Oklahoma romped over the Cornhusker defenses and racked up 49 points of their own to finish the season on top of the conference and the nation. Nebraska's record single-team losing streak, held by Oklahoma, was extended to eight games. The Sooners finished the season undefeated at 9\u20130\u20130, and closed the series record gap between the squads to 10\u201316\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 65], "content_span": [66, 807]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067818-0012-0000", "contents": "1950 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, After the season\nCoach Glassford's second season was a resounding success, as Nebraska end its brutal nine-season losing skid, and notched high-profile wins against Penn State and Minnesota in the process. The season-ending loss to national champion Oklahoma could be tolerated, leaving just the one letdown loss to Colorado to truly mar the season, though the positive turnaround of fortunes was so dramatic that few would complain. Nebraska ended the season ranked in the AP Poll for the first time in ten years. Coach Glassford's conference record improved to 7\u20135\u20130 (.583), as his overall record climbed to 10\u20137\u20131 (.583). The Cornhusker football program's overall record improved to 326\u2013155\u201332 (.667), though the conference record declined slightly to 127\u201342\u201311 (.736).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 57], "content_span": [58, 813]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067819-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Nebraska gubernatorial election\nThe 1950 Nebraska gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1950, and featured incumbent Governor Val Peterson, a Republican, defeating Democratic nominee, former state Senator Walter R. Raecke, to win a third and final two-year term in office.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067820-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Nemzeti Bajnoks\u00e1g I, Overview\nIt was contested by 16 teams, and Budapest Honv\u00e9d FC won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067821-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Netherlands Antilles general election\nGeneral elections were held in the Netherlands Antilles on 21 December 1950. These snap elections were necessary because in the 'Interimregeling' the number of seats and the divisions of the seats in the Estates of the Netherlands Antilles was changed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067821-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Netherlands Antilles general election\nThe 22 seats in the Estates of the Netherlands Antilles consisted of twelve for Cura\u00e7ao, eight for Aruba, one for Bonaire and one for the SSS Islands. At the previous elections (1949) the 21 seats consisted of eight for\u00a0Cura\u00e7ao, eight for\u00a0Aruba, two for\u00a0Bonaire\u00a0and one for each of the three\u00a0SSS Islands.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067821-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Netherlands Antilles general election, Results, Cura\u00e7ao\nPopulation: 98,161 (31 December 1949)Entitled to vote: 39,768Valid votes: 32,423Seats: 12Average valid votes per seat: 2,702", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 60], "content_span": [61, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067821-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Netherlands Antilles general election, Results, Aruba\nPopulation: 53,574 (31 December 1949)Entitled to vote: 14,521Valid votes: 12,060Seats: 8Average valid votes per seat: 1,507.5", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 58], "content_span": [59, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067821-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Netherlands Antilles general election, Results, Bonaire\nPopulation: 5,011 (31 December 1949)Entitled to vote: 2,262Valid votes: 1,968Seats: 1", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 60], "content_span": [61, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067821-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Netherlands Antilles general election, Results, SSS Islands\nPopulation: 3,578 (31 December 1949: Sint Maarten 1,513; Saba 1,110 & Eustatius 955)Entitled to vote: 1,389 (Sint Maarten 558; Saba 469 & Sint Eustatius 362)Valid votes: 1,005Seats: 1", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 64], "content_span": [65, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067821-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 Netherlands Antilles general election, Aftermath\nThe new session of the Estates started on 21  February 1951 and a month later Isa became a temporary replacement for Braam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 53], "content_span": [54, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067821-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 Netherlands Antilles general election, Aftermath\nAround April 1951 Da Costa Gomez and Sprockel gave up their position in the parliament to join the 'Regeringsraad' (early stage of the Council of Ministers). They were succeeded by Bartels Daal and Morkos.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 53], "content_span": [54, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067821-0008-0000", "contents": "1950 Netherlands Antilles general election, Aftermath\nMid 1951 Tromp was succeeded by Amelink and Braam returned in the parliament after Kroon left. Later that year Morkos was replaced by Smit, Goslinga by Broos and Geerman by De la Fuente.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 53], "content_span": [54, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067821-0009-0000", "contents": "1950 Netherlands Antilles general election, Aftermath\nIn 1952 Amelink was succeeded by Dirksz, Gerharts by Abraham and Goslinga returned to replace Broos. After Debrot temporarily left the parliament Morkos became a member of the Estates and later that year Smit gave up his seat so Debrot could return.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 53], "content_span": [54, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067821-0010-0000", "contents": "1950 Netherlands Antilles general election, Aftermath\nIn 1953 Chumaceiro replaced Van der Hoeven for a few months.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 53], "content_span": [54, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067822-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Nevada Wolf Pack football team\nThe 1950 Nevada Wolf Pack football team was an American football team that represented the University of Nevada as an independent during the 1950 college football season. In its fourth season under head coach Joe Sheeketski, the Wolf Pack compiled a 1\u20139 record and were outscored by opponents by a total of 363 to 117. Sheeketski resigned as athletic director and head coach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067823-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Nevada gubernatorial election\nThe 1950 Nevada gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1950. Incumbent Democrat Vail M. Pittman ran unsuccessfully for re-election to a second term as Governor of Nevada. He was defeated by Republican nominee Charles H. Russell with 57.65% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067824-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 New Hampshire Wildcats football team\nThe 1950 New Hampshire Wildcats football team was an American football team that represented the University of New Hampshire as a member of the Yankee Conference during the 1950 college football season. In its second year under head coach Chief Boston, the team compiled a perfect 8\u20130 record (4\u20130 against conference opponents) and won the Yankee Conference championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067825-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 New Hampshire gubernatorial election\nThe 1950 New Hampshire gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1950. Incumbent Republican Sherman Adams defeated Democratic nominee Robert P. Bingham with 56.95% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067826-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 New Mexico A&M Aggies football team\nThe 1950 New Mexico A&M Aggies football team was an American football team that represented New Mexico College of Agriculture and Mechanical Arts (now known as New Mexico State University) as a member of the Border Conference during the 1950 college football season. In their third and final year under head coach Vaughn Corley, the Aggies compiled a 2\u20137 record (1\u20134 against conference opponents), finished eighth in the conference, and were outscored by a total of 249 to 95. The team played its home games at Memorial Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 569]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067827-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 New Mexico Lobos football team\nThe 1950 New Mexico Lobos football team represented the University of New Mexico in the Border Conference during the 1950 college football season. In their first season under head coach Dudley DeGroot, the Lobos compiled a 2\u20138 record (2\u20135 against conference opponents), finished seventh in the conference, and were outscored by opponents by a total of 330 to 160. On defense, the team allowed an average of 33 points per game, ranking 116th of 120 major college teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067828-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 New Mexico gubernatorial election\nThe 1950 New Mexico gubernatorial election took place on November 7, 1950, in order to elect the Governor of New Mexico. Incumbent Democrat Thomas J. Mabry was term-limited, and could not run for a third consecutive term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067829-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 New Orleans mayoral election\nThe New Orleans mayoral election of 1950 was held on January 24, 1950. It resulted in the re-election of deLesseps Morrison to his second term as Mayor of New Orleans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067829-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 New Orleans mayoral election\nLike most Southern states between Reconstruction and the civil rights era, Louisiana's Republican Party was virtually nonexistent in terms of electoral support. This meant that the city's Democratic primary was the real contest for mayor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067829-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 New Orleans mayoral election\nIncumbent mayor deLesseps Morrison was backed by labor unions, the major newspapers, and black New Orleanians, but he also publicly maintained his support for segregation on the campaign trail.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067829-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 New Orleans mayoral election\nAfter being defeated in the election of 1946, the Regular Democratic Organization political machine was anxious to regain control of the city. After an unsuccessful search for a candidate that briefly included former mayor Robert Maestri, the RDO threw its support behind Charles C. Zatarain, a local businessman and member of the Louisiana Tax Commission. Zatarain also received the endorsement of Governor Earl Long. Though running against Morrison, Zatarain\u2019s platform was largely a watered-down copy of Morrison\u2019s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 552]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067829-0003-0001", "contents": "1950 New Orleans mayoral election\nZatarain also used racial appeals in his campaign, charging that Morrison planned to build housing for African Americans in Lakeview and Gentilly and circulating photographs of Morrison with black leader Ralph Bunche. Another minor candidate, Alvin A. Cobb, ran on an explicit Dixiecrat platform that included racial attacks on Morrison\u2019s policies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067829-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 New Orleans mayoral election\nIn the first primary, Morrison won an overwhelming majority over Zatarain, receiving 64% of the vote and winning every one of the city\u2019s 17 wards. Cobb received 4,751 votes. No runoff was needed. With five of Morrison\u2019s seven candidates for council also winning election, it seemed as though the RDO was irrevocably beaten.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067830-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 New South Wales 100\nThe 1950 New South Wales 100 was a motor race staged at the Mount Panorama Circuit, Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia on 10 April 1950. It was organised by the Australian Sporting Car Club  and was contested over 25 laps, a total distance of approximately 100 miles. The race was staged on a handicap basis with the first car, the MG J2/P of RW Fowler, scheduled to start 25 minutes before the last car, the Alta of Tony Gaze.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067830-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 New South Wales 100\nThe race was won by Doug Whiteford driving a Ford V8 Special. Whiteford also achieved the fastest race time, for which he was awarded the New South Wales Road Racing Championship title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067831-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 New South Wales state election\nThe 1950  New South Wales state election  was held on 17 June 1950. It  was conducted in single member constituencies with compulsory preferential voting and  was held on boundaries created at a 1949 redistribution. The election was for all of the 94 seats in the  Legislative Assembly, which was an increase of 4 seats since the previous election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067831-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 New South Wales state election\nAt the time of the election, Labor had been in power for 9 years, James McGirr had been the Premier for 3 years and Labor had lost power federally to the Liberal Party of Robert Menzies 6 months earlier. The NSW Labor Government, under McGirr, was beginning to show signs of age.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067831-0001-0001", "contents": "1950 New South Wales state election\nSevere  divisions had appeared in the party at the beginning of 1950 when the state executive  expelled 4 members of the Assembly James Geraghty (North Sydney), John Seiffert (Monaro), Roy Heferen (Barwon) and Fred Stanley (Lakemba)  from the parliamentary party for breaking party solidarity during an indirect election of the Legislative Council. They had voted for the businessman Asher Joel instead of the endorsed Labor candidates. All four served out the remainder of their terms as independents and stood in the election as Independent Labor candidates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067831-0001-0002", "contents": "1950 New South Wales state election\nAn attempt by the caucus to overturn the expulsions led to resentment among party branch members which was reflected in the defeat of four members who were standing for pre-selection; Baden Powell, Bob Gorman, Mary Quirk and Kevin Dwyer. Two members of Lang Labor: Chris Lang (Auburn) and Lilian Fowler (Newtown) were still in the Assembly and they both stood for re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067831-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 New South Wales state election\nIn contrast, the Liberal Party which had been founded by  in 1945, continued to consolidate its position as the pre-eminent conservative party. It had been led by Vernon Treatt  and presented a solid front to the electorate. The Country Party was led by Michael Bruxner and remained closely aligned to the Liberals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067831-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 New South Wales state election\nThe balance of power lay with the two re-elected Independent Labor members, James Geraghty and John Seiffert, who had been expelled from the party for disloyalty during the previous parliament. Under a legalistic interpretation of the ALP rules, Seiffert was readmitted to the party and, together with the support of Geraghty, McGirr and Labor were able to stay in power. Labor gained the two  Lang Labor seats  and re-gained the Independent Labor seat of Lakemba at the election. It lost the remaining seat held by an  Independent Labor member (Barwon) to the Country Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 611]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067831-0003-0001", "contents": "1950 New South Wales state election\nLabor also lost Hawkesbury, Ryde and Kogarah to the Liberal Party and Mudgee and Dubbo to the Country Party. The sitting Independent members for South Coast and  Gloucester changed their allegiance to the Liberal Party and the Country Party respectively at this election. During the parliament there were 4 by-elections with the result of a net gain to Labor of 1 seat (Ashfield).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067831-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 New South Wales state election\nThe near loss of the election weakened McGirr's position and he was replaced as premier by Joseph Cahill in April 1952. Treatt remained the Leader of the Opposition during the period of this parliament and Bruxner continued as the Leader of the Country Party, a position he had held since 1932.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067831-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 New South Wales state election, Seats changing party representation\n\u2020 Concord was won by the Liberal Party at a 1949 by-election caused by the death of Labor's Bill Carlton", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 72], "content_span": [73, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067831-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 New South Wales state election, Seats changing party representation\n\u2021 Coogee was won by the Liberal Party at a 1948 by-election caused by the death of Labor's Lou Cunningham", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 72], "content_span": [73, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067831-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 New South Wales state election, Seats changing party representation\n\u00b6 Kogarah was won by the Liberal Party at a 1948 by-election caused by the death of Labor's William Currey", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 72], "content_span": [73, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067831-0008-0000", "contents": "1950 New South Wales state election, Tabulated Results\nNew South Wales state election, 17 June 1950Legislative Assembly << 1947\u20131953 >>", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 54], "content_span": [55, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067831-0009-0000", "contents": "1950 New South Wales state election, Tabulated Results\nThe final two party preferred result was Labor 51% to Coalition 49%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 54], "content_span": [55, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067832-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 New Year Honours\nThe 1950 New Years Honours were appointments in many of the Commonwealth realms of King George VI to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries. They were announced on 2 January 1950 for the United Kingdom, New Zealand, India, and Ceylon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067832-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 New Year Honours\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067833-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 New Year Honours (New Zealand)\nThe 1950 New Year Honours in New Zealand were appointments by King George VI on the advice of the New Zealand government to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders. The awards celebrated the passing of 1949 and the beginning of 1950, and were announced on 2 January 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067833-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 New Year Honours (New Zealand)\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067834-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 New York Film Critics Circle Awards\nThe 16th New York Film Critics Circle Awards, honored the best filmmaking of 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067835-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 New York Giants (MLB) season\nThe 1950 New York Giants season was the franchise's 68th season. The team finished in third place in the National League with an 86-68 record, 5 games behind the Philadelphia Phillies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067835-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 New York Giants (MLB) season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 78], "content_span": [79, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067835-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 New York Giants (MLB) season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 71], "content_span": [72, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067835-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 New York Giants (MLB) season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 76], "content_span": [77, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067835-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 New York Giants (MLB) season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067835-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 New York Giants (MLB) season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 74], "content_span": [75, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067836-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 New York Giants season\nThe 1950 New York Giants season was the franchise's 26th season in the National Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067836-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 New York Giants season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 38], "content_span": [39, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067837-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 New York Yankees season\nThe 1950 New York Yankees season was the 48th season for the team in New York and its 50th overall as a franchise. The team finished with a record of 98\u201356, winning their 17th pennant, finishing 3 games ahead of the Detroit Tigers. In the World Series, they defeated the Philadelphia Phillies in 4 games. New York was managed by Casey Stengel. The Yankees played at Yankee Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067837-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 73], "content_span": [74, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067837-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067837-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067837-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 68], "content_span": [69, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067837-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 69], "content_span": [70, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067837-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 New York Yankees season, 1950 World Series\nAL New York Yankees (4) vs. NL Philadelphia Phillies (0)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 47], "content_span": [48, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067838-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 New York Yanks season\nThe 1950 New York Yanks season was their first as the Yanks (previously being the New York Bulldogs, Boston Yanks, Brooklyn Dodgers, & the original, founding APFA member & Ohio League franchise Dayton Triangles). The team improved on their previous season's output of 1\u201310\u20131, winning seven games. Their games were particularly high scoring; in seven of their twelve games, forty or more points were scored by a single team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 450]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067838-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 New York Yanks season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 37], "content_span": [38, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067839-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 New York state election\nThe 1950 New York state election was held on November 7, 1950, to elect the governor, the lieutenant governor, the state comptroller, the attorney general and a U.S. Senator, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly and the New York State Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067839-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 New York state election, Nominations\nThe Socialist Workers state convention met on July 9, and nominated Michael Bartell for Governor; Gladys Barker for Lieutenant Governor; and Joseph Hansen for the U.S. Senate. The petition to nominate candidates was filed on September 5 with the Secretary of State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 41], "content_span": [42, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067839-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 New York state election, Nominations\nThe American Labor state convention met on September 6 and nominated John T. McManus for Governor; Dr. Clementina J. Paolone, an obstetrician, for Lieutenant Governor; Michael Jiminez for Comptroller; Frank Scheiner for Attorney General; and Dr. W.E.B. DuBois for the U.S. Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 41], "content_span": [42, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067839-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 New York state election, Nominations\nThe Republican state convention met on September 7 at Saratoga Springs, New York. They re-nominated Governor Thomas E. Dewey and Attorney General Nathaniel L. Goldstein; and nominated Lieutenant Governor Joe R. Hanley for the U.S. Senate; Comptroller Frank C. Moore for Lieutenant Governor; and State Senator J. Raymond McGovern for Comptroller.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 41], "content_span": [42, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067839-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 New York state election, Nominations\nThe Democratic state convention met on September 7 at Rochester, New York, and nominated Congressman Walter A. Lynch for Governor; Richard H. Balch for Lieutenant Governor; New York City Treasurer Spencer C. Young for Comptroller; Francis J. D'Amanda for Attorney General; and re-nominated the incumbent U.S. Senator Herbert H. Lehman", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 41], "content_span": [42, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067839-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 New York state election, Nominations\nThe Liberal state convention met on September 6 and 7 at the Statler Hotel in New York City, and endorsed the Democratic nominees Lynch and Lehman, but rejected the other three. However, on September 11, the Liberal State Committee substituted the other three Democratic nominees Balch, Young and D'Amanda on the ticket.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 41], "content_span": [42, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067839-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 New York state election, Result\nAlmost the whole Republican ticket was elected in a landslide. Only the Democratic incumbent U.S. Senator, Ex-Governor Herbert H. Lehman, managed to stay in office.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067839-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 New York state election, Result\nThis was the last election with separate votes for Governor and Lieutenant Governor. An amendment adopted in 1953 required the voters to cast a joint vote for the candidates running for these two offices on any ticket, which has been done since the election of 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067840-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 New Zealand Grand Prix\nThe 1950 New Zealand Grand Prix was a motor race held at the Ohakea Circuit on 18 March 1950. It was the first New Zealand Grand Prix to be held and was won by John McMillan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067841-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 New Zealand rugby league season\nThe 1950 New Zealand rugby league season was the 43rd season of rugby league that had been played in New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067841-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 New Zealand rugby league season, International competitions\nNew Zealand defeated the touring Great Britain side 2-0 in a Test series, winning 16-10 in Christchurch and 20-13 at Carlaw Park. For both Test matches New Zealand included; Des White, Jack Forrest, Tommy Baxter, captain Maurie Robertson, Bevin Hough, Des Barchard, Jimmy Haig, Cliff Johnson, George Davidson, John Newton, Clarence Hurndell, Charlie McBride and Travers Hardwick.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 64], "content_span": [65, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067841-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 New Zealand rugby league season, International competitions\nAuckland lost to Great Britain 26-17 at Carlaw Park. Auckland included Des White, Jimmy Edwards, Tommy Baxter, Maurie Robertson, Bevin Hough, Des Barchard, Ossie Stewart, Don McLeod, George Davidson, Bill Spence, Jack Wright, Cliff Johnson and Doug Price.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 64], "content_span": [65, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067841-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 New Zealand rugby league season, National competitions, Northern Union Cup\nAuckland held the Northern Union Cup at the end of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 79], "content_span": [80, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067841-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 New Zealand rugby league season, National competitions, Inter-island competition\nThe South Island defeated the North Island 19-12 in the annual fixture. The South Island included Jack Forrest, George Menzies, Jimmy Haig, John Newton, Lory Blanchard, Bob O'Donnell, Joe Curtain, Charlie McBride, Bob Neilson and Alister Atkinson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 85], "content_span": [86, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067841-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 New Zealand rugby league season, National competitions, Inter-district competition\nAuckland sent a team on a tour of Wellington and the South Island and at the same time hosted South Auckland. The touring side defeated Wellington 13-10 on a Thursday, defeated Canterbury 17-8 two days later, before losing to the West Coast 8-5 on the Sunday. The touring squad included Jimmy Edwards, captain Des White, Roy Roff and Clarence Hurndell. Canterbury included Lory Blanchard, Alister Atkinson and his brother, Neville. The West Coast included Jack Forrest, Ray Nuttall and John Newton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 87], "content_span": [88, 586]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067841-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 New Zealand rugby league season, National competitions, Inter-district competition\nThe other Auckland side defeated South Auckland 29-26 at Carlaw Park. This Auckland side included Bevin Hough, Tommy Baxter, Bill Sorensen, Doug Anderson, Cliff Johnson, captain Ray Cranch, Doug Richards-Jolley and Graham Burgoyne.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 87], "content_span": [88, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067841-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 New Zealand rugby league season, Club competitions, Auckland\nMt Albert won the Auckland Rugby League's Fox Memorial Trophy, Rukutai Shield, Roope Rooster and Norton Cup. Marist won the Stormont Shield while Otahuhu won the Sharman Cup. City retained its first division status after defeating Zora and Ellerslie in a two-round play-off.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 65], "content_span": [66, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067841-0008-0000", "contents": "1950 New Zealand rugby league season, Club competitions, Auckland\nBevin Hough played for Richmond while Mount Albert included Allan Wiles and Ray Cranch.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 65], "content_span": [66, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067841-0009-0000", "contents": "1950 New Zealand rugby league season, Club competitions, Other Competitions\nBlackball thrashed Sydenham 53-13 to win the Thacker Shield and also defeated Mount Albert 35-15. Blackball included Bob Aynsley, Bill McLennan and Bob O'Donnell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 75], "content_span": [76, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067842-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Nicaraguan general election\nGeneral elections were held in Nicaragua to elect a president and National Congress of Nicaragua on 21 May 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067842-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Nicaraguan general election\nIn April, Anastasio Somoza Garc\u00eda and Emiliano Chamorro Vargas sat down and signed the Pacto de los Generales, thus laying the basis for a new political coalition. Once the agreement was signed, the Congress formally proceeded to set the date and the procedure of the upcoming election. Sixty deputies to a Constituent Assembly would be elected, with forty seats going to the majority party and seventeen to the minority party, plus three that would include the defeated presidential candidate and the two living, popularly elected ex-presidents (Anastasio Somoza Garc\u00eda and Emiliano Chamorro Vargas). \"Only the Liberals and the Conservatives could participate because the constitutional procedure for registering new parties would be held in abeyance.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 786]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067842-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Nicaraguan general election\nThe Conservative leadership at no time threatened to withdraw from the race and the election was held as scheduled on 21 May. The results of the election proved a disaster for the Conservatives, who received less than one-quarter of all the votes and won a bare outright majority only in Granada.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067843-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Nippon Professional Baseball season\nThe 1950 Nippon Professional Baseball season was the first season for baseball in Japan that used the new two league format since the split the previous year. The two leagues would be known as the Central League and the Pacific League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067844-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 North Carolina Tar Heels football team\nThe 1950 North Carolina Tar Heels football team represented the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill during the 1950 college football season. The Tar Heels were led by eighth-year head coach Carl Snavely, and played their home games at Kenan Memorial Stadium. The team competed as a member of the Southern Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067844-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 North Carolina Tar Heels football team\nCenter and linebacker Irv Holdash was named a first-team All-American by the All-America Board and Associated Press.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067845-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 North Dakota Fighting Sioux football team\nThe 1950 North Dakota Fighting Sioux football team, also known as the Nodaks, was an American football team that represented the University of North Dakota in the North Central Conference (NCC) during the 1950 college football season. In its first year under head coach Frank Zazula, the team compiled a 5\u20132\u20132 record (3\u20132\u20131 against NCC opponents), finished in third place out of seven teams in the NCC, and outscored opponents by a total of 222 to 170. The team played its home games at Memorial Stadium in Grand Forks, North Dakota.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067846-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 North Dakota State Bison football team\nThe 1950 North Dakota State Bison football team was an American football team that represented North Dakota State University during the 1950 college football season as a member of the North Central Conference. In their first year under head coach Mac Wenskunas, the team compiled a 2\u20137 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067847-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 North Dakota gubernatorial election\nThe 1950 North Dakota gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1950. Republican nominee Norman Brunsdale defeated Democratic nominee Clyde G. Byerly with 66.29% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067848-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 North Indian Ocean cyclone season\nThe 1950 North Indian Ocean cyclone season was part of the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation. The season has no official bounds but cyclones tend to form between April and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northern Indian Ocean. There are two main seas in the North Indian Ocean\u2014the Bay of Bengal to the east of the Indian subcontinent and the Arabian Sea to the west of India.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067848-0000-0001", "contents": "1950 North Indian Ocean cyclone season\nThe official Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre in this basin is the India Meteorological Department (IMD), while the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) releases unofficial advisories. An average of five tropical cyclones form in the North Indian Ocean every season with peaks in May and November. Cyclones occurring between the meridians 45\u00b0E and 100\u00b0E are included in the season by the IMD.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067848-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 North Indian Ocean cyclone season\nSixteen depressions developed during the 1950 season, with four of them becoming cyclonic storms while three of them formed over the land. Most tropical cyclones formed in this season are weak, as there is no severe cyclonic storms formed during this season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067848-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Deep Depression One\nA ship reported thunderstorm rains in the southeast of Sri Lanka in April 4 while a shallow low was formed in the southeast Bay of Bengal on the next day, when Car Nicobar experienced overcast conditions and northeasterly winds. The low moved west and a well-marked trough formed southeast of Sri Lanka in the morning of April 7. By April 8, the trough developed into depression as winds of 15 to 20 knots are reported by number of vessels, and a vessel reported southerly winds The depression tracked north and then tracking northeast by April 10. By April 11, the system intensified and begins to accelerate towards Burma on evening of the same day. In April 13, the system moved ashore across southern Rakhine State coasts and quickly dissipated over land.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 68], "content_span": [69, 828]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067848-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Deep Depression One\nThe system dropped heavy rains on the east coast of Sri Lanka on April 8 and April 9. As the depression moved northeastwards, widespread rains occurred over Napier Bay Islands on April 11 and April 13, killing two people in Port Blair. As system made landfall near Burmese coast, heavy rains caused some damage to the property and five people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 68], "content_span": [69, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067849-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 North Korean local elections in South Korea\nLocal elections were held in areas of South Korea occupied by North Korea during the Korean War from 25 July until 13 September 1950. Elections for county, township and village (neighborhood) people's committees were held in 103 counties, 1,186 townships and 13,654 villages or neighborhoods in the South Korean provinces of Hwanghae, Gyeonggi, Gangwon, North Chungcheong, South Chungcheong, North Jeolla, South Jeolla, North Gyeongsang and South Gyeongsang.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067849-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 North Korean local elections in South Korea\nThe elections were announced through the Decree \"On Implementing the Election of People's Committees in Counties, Townships and Villages (Neighborhoods) in the Liberated Areas in the South\" issued by the Standing Committee of the Supreme People's Assembly on 14 July 1950. The same decree organized a Central Election Guidance Committee consisting of Kim Won-bong, Jang Sun-myong, Kim Ung-gi, Ri Jong-gap, Hyon Hun, Jong Chil-song, Nam Song-min and Pang Hak-se.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 510]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067849-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 North Korean local elections in South Korea\nIn the elections, 3,878 county people's committee members, 22,314 township people's committee members and 77,716 village people's committee members were elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067850-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Northern Illinois State Huskies football team\nThe 1950 Northern Illinois State Huskies football team represented Northern Illinois State Teachers College in the 1950 college football season. There were no divisions of college football during this time period, and the Huskies competed in the Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference. They were led by 22nd-year head coach Chick Evans and played their home games at the 5,500 seat Glidden Field, located on the east end of campus.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067851-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Northwestern Wildcats football team\nThe 1950 Northwestern Wildcats team represented Northwestern University during the 1950 Big Nine Conference football season. In their fourth year under head coach Bob Voigts, the Wildcats compiled a 6\u20133 record (3\u20133 against Big Ten Conference opponents), finished in fifth in the Big Ten, and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 155 to 143.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067852-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Norwegian Football Cup\nThe 1950 Norwegian Football Cup was the 45th season of the Norwegian annual knockout football tournament. The tournament was open for all members of NFF, except those from Northern Norway. The final was played at Ullevaal Stadion in Oslo on 22 October 1950, and was contested by five-time former winners Fredrikstad and the two-time former winners Brann. Fredrikstad won the final 3-0, and secured their sixth title. Sarpsborg were the defending champions, but were eliminated by Fredrikstad in the semi-final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067853-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team\nThe 1950 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team represented the University of Notre Dame during the 1950 college football season. The Irish, coached by Frank Leahy during his eighth year at Notre Dame, ended the season with 4 wins, 4 losses, and one tie. Though they were ranked #1 in the preseason AP Poll and were the defending National Champions, the 1950 team\u2013 without Heisman Trophy-winner Leon Hart, who had graduated in the spring and was drafted by the NFL's Detroit Lions with the first overall pick\u2013 only achieved a .500 record for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067853-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team, Team players drafted into the NFL\nThe following players were drafted into professional football following the season. Bob Williams was the 2nd pick in the first round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 79], "content_span": [80, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067854-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Nottingham Trophy\nThe 1950 Nottingham Trophy was a non-championship Formula One motor race held on 7 August 1950 at the Retford Gamston Airport, in Retford, Nottinghamshire, England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067855-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Ohio Bobcats football team\nThe 1950 Ohio Bobcats football team was an American football team that represented Ohio University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1950 college football season. In their second season under head coach Carroll Widdoes, the Bobcats compiled a 6\u20134 record (2\u20132 against MAC opponents), finished in third place in the MAC, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 165 to 161.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067855-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Ohio Bobcats football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Quinn Stumpf with 609 rushing yards, Tom Anderson with 633 passing yards, and Nick Fogoros with 177 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067856-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Ohio State Buckeyes football team\nThe 1950 Ohio State Buckeyes football team represented Ohio State University in the 1950 Big Nine Conference football season. The Buckeyes compiled a 6\u20133 record. The season finale against Michigan was the infamous game later known as the Snow Bowl as the teams combined for 45 punts in wintry weather. Ohio State outscored their opponents, 286\u2013111, on the season, but head coach Wes Fesler's record against Michigan fell to 0\u20133\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067857-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Ohio gubernatorial election\nThe 1950 Ohio gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1950. Incumbent Democrat Frank Lausche defeated Republican nominee Don H. Ebright with 52.62% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067858-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Oklahoma A&M Cowboys football team\nThe 1950 Oklahoma A&M Cowboys football team represented Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechanical College (later renamed Oklahoma State University\u2013Stillwater) in the Missouri Valley Conference during the 1950 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067858-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Oklahoma A&M Cowboys football team\nAt the end of the 1949 season, Jim Lookabaugh resigned after 11 years as Oklahoma A&M's head football coach, and Jennings B. Whitworth, an assistant coach at Georgia, was hired as his replacement. In their first season under coach Whitworth, the Cowboys compiled a 4\u20136\u20131 record (1\u20132\u20131 against conference opponents), tied for fourth place in the conference, and were outscored by opponents by a combined total of 259 to 159. Two of the Cowboys' games resulted in losses to teams ranked No. 1 (Oklahoma, 14\u201341) and No. 2 (SMU, 0\u201356) in the AP Poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 586]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067858-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Oklahoma A&M Cowboys football team\nOn offense, the 1950 team averaged 14.5 points, 149.45 rushing yards, and 83.09 passing yards per game. On defense, the team allowed an average of 23.5 points, 232.82 rushing yards and 82.18 passing yards per game. The team's statistical leaders included halfback Bob Cook with 411 rushing yards (albeit on 205 carries) and 654 passing yards, Arlen McNeil with 263 receiving yards, and Wayne Johnson with six interceptions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067858-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Oklahoma A&M Cowboys football team\nThe team played its home games at Lewis Field in Stillwater, Oklahoma. Prior to the 1950 season, 10,600 seats were added as part of renovations to the north side, increasing the seating capacity to 39,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067858-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Oklahoma A&M Cowboys football team, After the season\nThe 1951 NFL Draft was held on January 18\u201319, 1951. The following Cowboys were selected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 57], "content_span": [58, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067859-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Oklahoma Sooners football team\nThe 1950 Oklahoma Sooners football team represented the University of Oklahoma in the 1950 college football season, the 56th season of Sooner football. Led by fourth-year head coach Bud Wilkinson, they played their home games at Oklahoma Memorial Stadium in Norman, and competed in the Big Seven Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067859-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Oklahoma Sooners football team\nThe Sooners finished the regular season 10\u20130 (6\u20130 in Big 7), and won their fifth consecutive conference championship, and eleventh overall. Both major polls (AP writers, UP coaches) awarded the Sooners with their first national championship at the end of the regular season. They were invited to the Sugar Bowl in New Orleans on New Year's Day, but were upset 13\u20137 by the Kentucky Wildcats, halting their winning streak at 32 games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067859-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Oklahoma Sooners football team\nFive Sooners received All-American honors following the season: Frankie Anderson, Buddy Jones, Leon Heath, and Jim Weatherall. In addition, eight sooners won all conference honors, Anderson, Claude Arnold, Tom Catlin, Heath, Norman McNabb, Harry Moore, Billy Vessels, and Weatherall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067859-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Oklahoma Sooners football team, Game summaries, Texas (Red River Shootout)\nLate in the contest, a low punt snap gives Oklahoma the ball at the Texas 11. Billy Vessels dashes around right end for the touchdown while Texas native Jim Weatherall kicks the game-winning extra point for the 14-13 victory. Minutes earlier, Longhorns defensive back Bobby Dillon had returned at interception 50 yards for a touchdown and a 13-7 Texas lead. Twice during the contest Texas had goal-line scoring opportunities, once stopped by Oklahoma's defense at the one-yard line and another ended with a fumble at the five.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 79], "content_span": [80, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067859-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Oklahoma Sooners football team, NFL Draft\nThe following players were drafted into the National Football League following the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 46], "content_span": [47, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067860-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Oklahoma gubernatorial election\nThe 1950 Oklahoma gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1950, and was a race for the Governor of Oklahoma. Democrat Johnston Murray defeated Republican Jo O. Ferguson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067861-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Ole Miss Rebels football team\nThe 1950 Ole Miss Rebels football team represented the University of Mississippi during the 1950 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067862-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Omloop Het Volk\nThe 1950 Omloop Het Volk was the sixth edition of the Omloop Het Volk cycle race and was held on 5 March 1950. The race started and finished in Ghent. The race was won by Andr\u00e9 Declerck.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067863-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Open Championship\nThe 1950 Open Championship was the 79th Open Championship, held 5\u20137 July at Troon Golf Club in Troon, South Ayrshire, Scotland. Defending champion Bobby Locke of South Africa won the second of his four Open titles, two strokes ahead of runner-up Roberto De Vicenzo of Argentina. His total of 279 was a record for the Open Championship, beating the previous best of 283. It was the second Open Championship at Troon, which had previously hosted the Championship in 1923; it became \"Royal Troon\" in 1978.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067863-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Open Championship\nQualifying took place on 3\u20134 July, Monday and Tuesday, with 18 holes on the Old Course at Troon and 18 holes on the Lochgreen municipal course. Johnny Bulla led the scoring at 140 with Norman Von Nida next on 141. The field for the Open proper was limited to a maximum of 100 participants and did not include ties. The qualifying score was 153 and 93 players advanced to the first round on Wednesday.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067863-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Open Championship\nArthur Lees led after the first round with 68, a shot ahead of playing partner Eddie Whitcombe and Locke. Dai Rees was the 36-hole leader at 139, followed by Bill Branch (140) and Locke (141). Lees and Whitcombe both slipped back after Thursday rounds of 76, and Locke scored 72 after a six at the short fifth hole. The maximum number of players making the cut after 36 holes was again set at 40. Ties for 40th place at 149 did not make the cut and only 35 players advanced to the final two rounds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067863-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Open Championship\nAfter the third round on Friday morning, Locke, Rees, and De Vicenzo were tied for the lead at 211, Branch dropping back after a 78. In the final round that afternoon, De Vicenzo was out in 33 and at the par-3 8th hole (the \"Postage Stamp\"), he put his tee shot into one of its penalizing bunkers. Finding it to be \"plugged\" he declared it unplayable and returned to the teeing ground. From there he put his second attempt \"stone dead\" and holed the short putt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067863-0003-0001", "contents": "1950 Open Championship\nThe rules had recently been changed so that there was no penalty stroke for returning to the tee, and he ended up with a par. Coming home he dropped a shot at the tenth, two more at the twelfth and another at the thirteenth, but a good finish gave him a 70 and the clubhouse lead on 281. Locke was also out in 33 and finished with a round of 68 to lead De Vicenzo by two. Rees was the remaining challenger for the championship and he too was out in 33. However, he had a six at the tenth hole and finished with 71 to tie for third place. On a day of low scoring, Eric Moore was out in 32 and finished with 68; Fred Daly and Frank Stranahan both scored 66.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 678]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067863-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Open Championship, Course\nOpens from 1962 through 1989 played the 11th hole as a par-5;4th hole was lengthened and a par-5 since 1962.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067864-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Orange Bowl\n1950 Orange Bowl was the sixteenth edition of the bowl game, played at Burdine Stadium in Miami, Florida, on Monday, January 2, 1950. The game featured the Kentucky Wildcats of the Southeastern Conference and the Santa Clara Broncos, an independent from northern California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067864-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Orange Bowl\nSanta Clara (7\u20132\u20131) was ranked fifteenth in the final AP poll, released in early December. Kentucky (9\u20132, 4\u20131 SEC) had been ranked as high as sixth in the AP poll during the season but was ranked eleventh  entering the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067864-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Orange Bowl, The Game\nThe game was scoreless until the second quarter, following a Santa Clara turnover, as Kentucky's John Netoskie recovered a fumble near midfield. A 14-play, 51-yard drive ended with a touchdown from two yards out by Wilbur Jamerson; Bobby Brooks' point after gave Kentucky a 7\u20130 lead, a score that stood at the half after a 45-yard Babe Parilli-to-Bill Leskovar pass put Kentucky on the Santa Clara 3-yard line with Santa Clara stopping two rushing attempts as time expired. Kentucky coach Bear Bryant later said he should have called a passing play in order to allow for a field goal attempt if a touchdown was not scored.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 26], "content_span": [27, 649]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067864-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Orange Bowl, The Game\nIn the third quarter, a poor 9-yard Kentucky punt gave Santa Clara possession on their own 46-yard line. John Pasco threw 25 yards to Larry Williams, which led to a one-yard touchdown run by Pasco to tie the game at seven. A second Santa Clara touchdown came after a pass interference call against Kentucky helped set up a 4-yard touchdown run by Hall Haynes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 26], "content_span": [27, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067864-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Orange Bowl, The Game\nEarly in the fourth quarter, Parilli threw a 52-yard touchdown pass to Emery Clark but Brooks missed the point after, and Santa Clara retained a one-point lead at 14\u201313 with twelve minutes remaining. With less than one minute left, Santa Clara's Bernie Vogel scored on a 16-yard run for the final score and a 21\u201313 win for the Broncos.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 26], "content_span": [27, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067864-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Orange Bowl, The Game\nBill Leskovar had 83 rushing yards (on 22 carries) for Kentucky.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 26], "content_span": [27, 91]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067864-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 Orange Bowl, Aftermath\nReportedly, part of the reason the Wildcats lost was from fatigue of being overworked in two-a-day practices every day from the moment the team got off the plane in Cocoa Beach two weeks prior up until the day before the game (with the exception of Christmas Eve and Day). Bryant later admitted it wasn't the greatest coaching move of his career and refused to lay any blame on his players for the loss.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 27], "content_span": [28, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067864-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 Orange Bowl, Aftermath\nIt was Santa Clara's third and final bowl win; they later played in Division II, then dropped the football program after the 1992 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 27], "content_span": [28, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067865-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Oregon State Beavers football team\nThe 1950 Oregon State Beavers football team represented Oregon State College in the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) during the 1950 college football season. In their second season under head coach Kip Taylor, the Beavers compiled a 3\u20136 record (2\u20135 in PCC, eighth), and were outscored  183\u00a0to\u00a0114. The team played two home games on campus at Bell Field in Corvallis and four at Multnomah Stadium in Portland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067866-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Oregon Webfoots football team\nThe 1950 Oregon Webfoots football team represented the University of Oregon in the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) during the 1950 college football season. In their fourth and final season under head coach Jim Aiken, the Webfoots compiled a 1\u20139 record (0\u20137 against PCC opponents), finished in last place in the PCC, and were outscored by their opponents, 214 to 97. The team played its home games at Hayward Field in Eugene, Oregon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067867-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Oregon gubernatorial election\nThe 1950 Oregon gubernatorial election took place on November 7, 1950 to elect the governor of the U.S. state of Oregon. Incumbent Republican governor Douglas McKay defeated Democratic nominee Austin F. Flegel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067867-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Oregon gubernatorial election, Background\nMcKay had been elected in a 1948 gubernatorial special election to replace interim governor John Hubert Hall. Hall, as Speaker of the Oregon House of Representatives, had succeeded to the governorship following the death of governor Earl Snell, Oregon Secretary of State Robert S. Farrell, Jr., and State Senate President Marshall E. Cornett in a plane crash on October 30, 1947.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067867-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Oregon gubernatorial election, Campaign\nIn his reelection bid, McKay was unopposed in the Republican primary. In the Democratic primary, Portland attorney and state senator Austin F. Flegel defeated Oregon State Treasurer Walter J. Pearson and former state senator and 1942 and 1948 Democratic gubernatorial nominee Lew Wallace. In the general election, McKay defeated Flegel by a nearly 2\u20131 margin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 44], "content_span": [45, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067867-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Oregon gubernatorial election, Campaign\nMcKay would step down less than two years into his term to become United States Secretary of the Interior under President Dwight Eisenhower.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 44], "content_span": [45, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067868-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Orsz\u00e1gos Bajnoks\u00e1g I (men's water polo)\n1950 Orsz\u00e1gos Bajnoks\u00e1g I (men's water polo) was the 44th water polo championship in Hungary. There were ten teams who played two-round match for the title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067868-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Orsz\u00e1gos Bajnoks\u00e1g I (men's water polo), Final list\n* M: Matches W: Win D: Drawn L: Lost G+: Goals earned G-: Goals got P: Point", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 56], "content_span": [57, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067869-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Ottawa Rough Riders season\nThe 1950 Ottawa Rough Riders finished in 4th place in the Interprovincial Rugby Football Union with a 4\u20137\u20131 record and failed to qualify for the playoffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067870-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Ottawa municipal election\nThe city of Ottawa, Canada, held municipal elections on December 4, 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067870-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Ottawa municipal election\nTo date, this election elected the most members of city council in Ottawa history. 28 alderman from 14 wards, plus 4 controllers and the mayor for a total of 33 on council. Voters overwhelmingly voted to reduce council down to 18 aldermen in a plebiscite which saw its largest opposition in the more francophone Ottawa and By Wards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067870-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Ottawa municipal election\nThe mayoral race featured the same three candidates as the 1948 race. However, Goodwin defeated Bourque this time. He would only serve for 9 months however, as he died on August 27, 1951. He was replaced by city controller Dr. Charlotte Whitton, the first female controller in city history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067870-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Ottawa municipal election\nThree new wards were added to council, due to the annexation of parts of Nepean Township and Gloucester Township. Gloucester Ward held a special election on January 2, 1950, while Carleton and Westboro Wards held elections on December 19, 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067871-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Oxford by-election\nThe 1950 Oxford by-election was held on 2 November 1950 after the incumbent Conservative MP Quintin Hogg succeeded to the peerage. The seat was retained by the Conservative candidate Lawrence Turner with an increased majority.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067872-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 PGA Championship\nThe 1950 PGA Championship was the 32nd PGA Championship, held June 21\u201327 at Scioto Country Club in Upper Arlington, Ohio, a suburb northwest of Columbus. Chandler Harper won the match play championship, 4 & 3 over Henry Williams, Jr. in the Tuesday final; the winner's share was $3,500 and the runner-up's was $1,500. It was Harper's only major title; his next best finish in a major was a tie for eighth at the Masters in 1947.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 450]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067872-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 PGA Championship\nDefending champion Sam Snead won $250 as the medalist in the stroke play qualifier at 140 (\u22124), but lost in the second round. He regained the title, his third, in 1951 at age 39.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067872-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 PGA Championship\nThe last three majors were held within several weeks in 1950. The U.S. Open was concluded less than two weeks earlier near Philadelphia where Ben Hogan defeated Lloyd Mangrum and George Fazio in an 18-hole playoff on Sunday, June 11. The British Open was played the first week of July in Scotland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067872-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 PGA Championship, Format\nThe match play format at the PGA Championship in 1950 called for 12 rounds (216 holes) in seven days:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 29], "content_span": [30, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067873-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Pacific Tigers football team\nThe 1950 Pacific Tigers football team represented the College of the Pacific as an independent during the 1950 college football season. In their fourth season under head coach Larry Siemering, the Tigers compiled a record of 7\u20133\u20131 and outscored their opponents 348\u2013131. Debuting this season was the new Pacific Memorial Stadium, in Stockton, California, which was the Tigers' home until the football program was discontinued after the 1995 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067873-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Pacific Tigers football team, Team players in the NFL\nOne College of the Pacific player was selected in the 1951 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067874-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Pacific hurricane season\nThe 1950 Pacific hurricane season was notable for one of the storms being the third-wettest tropical cyclone in United States history. Seven known tropical cyclones occurred during the season, the earliest of which formed on June 14 and the latest of which dissipated on October 3. These dates fall within the range of most Eastern Pacific tropical cyclone activity.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067874-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Pacific hurricane season, Season summary\nOnly seven tropical cyclones were observed in the Eastern Pacific during this season, which is well below the 1995\u20132008 average of 15 per year. However, it is likely that other tropical cyclones in the Central or Eastern Pacific basin in 1950 went operationally unnoticed, due to small tropical cyclone size, sparse ship reports, relatively unpopulated coastlines, and lack of modern technology. Of the seven tropical cyclones, six attained hurricane status. None of the tropical cyclones became a major hurricane, which is Category\u00a03 or greater on Saffir\u2013Simpson Hurricane Scale. In addition, a tropical cyclone developed within the Central Pacific basin. Similar to 1949, most of the seven tropical cyclones did not differentiate significantly in intensity during the duration, with the exception of Hurricane Hiki and Tropical Storm Five.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 887]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067874-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Pacific hurricane season, Season summary\nAlthough there were no conventional date limits of an Eastern Pacific hurricane season, tropical cyclone activity began almost a month after the dates of the season set in subsequent years, from May\u00a015-November\u00a030. The first tropical cyclone of the season formed mid-June, and two more developed in the month of July. No tropical cyclogenesis occurred for 30\u00a0days, and ended with Hurricane Hiki developing on August\u00a012, followed by a quick succession of two more tropical cyclones. No tropical cyclones developed in the Eastern Pacific basin in month of September, records show that this is the only known occurrence of such a meteorological oddity. The season ended after a hurricane developed on October\u00a01 and dissipated two days later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 784]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067874-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane One\nThe first tropical cyclone of the season was initially noted on June\u00a014, located 158\u00a0mi (254.27\u00a0km) southwest of Puerto \u00c1ngel, Mexico. Hurricane One headed north-northwestward toward the coast of Mexico, but veered away near Acapulco on June\u00a016. After veering away from Mexico, the hurricane began to parallel the coastline, until curving due north. On June\u00a019, the hurricane passed within 20\u00a0mi (32.18\u00a0km) of Isla Maria Cleofas in the archipelago of Islas Mar\u00edas offshore of Mexico. Hurricane One dissipated shortly thereafter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 53], "content_span": [54, 582]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067874-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Two\nThe second tropical cyclone of the season developed 113\u00a0mi (182\u00a0km) southwest of Manzanillo, Colima on July\u00a03. Similar to Hurricane One, this storm paralleled the coast of Mexico and then headed out to sea. Hurricane Two later headed northwestward, and paralleled Baja California. The hurricane dissipated July\u00a06, 240\u00a0mi (386.24\u00a0km) north-northwest of Cabo San Lucas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 53], "content_span": [54, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067874-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three\nHurricane Three was first observed 270\u00a0mi (434.52\u00a0km) south-southeast of Socorro Island on July\u00a09. The hurricane passed within 70\u00a0mi (112.65\u00a0km) of Socorro Island on July\u00a010. After passing near the island, the hurricane headed out into the open Pacific Ocean. Hurricane Three eventually dissipated on July\u00a012.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067874-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Hiki\nA tropical depression formed over the Central Pacific on August 12, southeast of Hawaii. It tracked west-northwestward, strengthening to become Tropical Storm Hiki the next day (Hawaiian for Able). Hiki reached hurricane strength while a short distance north of the islands. A small hurricane, it paralleled the islands until August 17, when a high pressure system forced the storm southwestward. As the high receded, Hiki moved to the northwest and dissipated on August 21.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 54], "content_span": [55, 529]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067874-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Hiki\nThe hurricane was also followed by the Air Weather Service, located on Guam. As described in \"Report on the Post Analysis of Typhoons in the Western North Pacific \u22121950\" this system was also assigned the name Salome from the North West Pacific Typhoon name list for 1950. The name Salome is not widely known and the system is usually referred to as Hiki.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 54], "content_span": [55, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067874-0008-0000", "contents": "1950 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Hiki\nThe heaviest known rainfall from a tropical cyclone on the state of Hawaii occurred with Hiki, when over 52\u00a0in (1,320\u00a0mm) fell at Kanalohuluhulu Ranger Station. It was the highest amount in the state\u2019s history until Hurricane Lane in 2018. Moderate damage was seen on Hawaii, and one person died.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 54], "content_span": [55, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067874-0009-0000", "contents": "1950 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Four\nThe only tropical cyclone that failed to intensify into a hurricane developed on August\u00a012, 394\u00a0mi (634\u00a0km) south-southwest of Socorro Island. By early on August\u00a013, the system had weakened, and was downgraded to a tropical depression only twelve hours after forming. The storm dissipated 707\u00a0mi (1137.80\u00a0km) south of Guadalupe Island later that day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 59], "content_span": [60, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067874-0010-0000", "contents": "1950 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Six\nHurricane Six was first observed 1,590\u00a0mi (2,556.85\u00a0km) south-southeast of Ka Lae on August\u00a026. The hurricane headed generally north-northwestward with no change in intensity. By August\u00a029, Hurricane Six crossed 140\u00b0W, which would become the Central Pacific Hurricane Center's forecast area in 1970. Hurricane six dissipated 788\u00a0mi (1,268.16\u00a0km) east of Hilo, Hawaii on August 30.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 53], "content_span": [54, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067874-0011-0000", "contents": "1950 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Seven\nThe final tropical cyclone of the season was initially discovered 539\u00a0mi (867.43\u00a0km) southwest of Zihuatanejo, Mexico. Hurricane Seven initially headed northward, but curved northwestward later that day. No change in intensity occurred, and Hurricane Seven dissipated on October\u00a03, 142\u00a0mi (228.52\u00a0km) southwest of Socorro Island.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067875-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Pacific typhoon season\nThe 1950 Pacific typhoon season has no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1950, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067875-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Pacific typhoon season\nThe scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean, north of the equator and west of the international date line. Storms that form east of the date line and north of the equator are called hurricanes; see 1950 Pacific hurricane season. This would be the first season that Fleet Weather Center in Guam, predecessor agency to Joint Typhoon Warning Center, would take most of the responsibility in the basin, including naming the storms. Before this season, the storms are identified and named by the United States Armed Services, and these names are taken from the list that USAS publicly adopted before the 1945 season started.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 661]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067875-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Doris\nDoris was an intense category 4 Super Typhoon that mostly remained out to sea. It formed on May 6, peaked as a strong category 4, and then dissipated on May 14. Doris reached a very low pressure of 922 mbar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067875-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Jane\nTyphoon Jane struck the island of Shikoku in Japan on 3 September. Resulting flooding and landslides killed 539 people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067875-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Jane\nIn late August, a depression formed and quickly intensified into a tropical storm and was given the name Jane. The storm drifted west-northwestward and intensified into a typhoon. Jane gradually curved to the north and intensified to a category 2 typhoon. Jane shortly reached category 3 status and peak intensity at 185\u00a0km/h (115\u00a0mph). The typhoon accelerated to the north-northeast and weakened to a category 2 storm and made landfall in the modern-day Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto area.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067875-0004-0001", "contents": "1950 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Jane\nJane crossed Kyoto Prefecture and weakened to a tropical storm and crossed the Noto Peninsula and reentered the Sea of Japan and passed just west of Sado Island. The storm struck eastern Aomori Prefecture and crossed the Tsugaru Straits and made a final landfall on the south coast of Hokkaido Prefecture. Jane crossed Hokkaido and dissipated south of the Kuril Islands.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067875-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Kezia\nOn September 13 Typhoon Kezia hit part of the fleet off Kyushu.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067875-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Kezia\nP-51 Mustangs belonging to No. 77 Squadron RAAF were grounded at Iwakuni because of the typhoon on September 13 and 14.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067875-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Kezia\nThere was great damage in western Japan. In Japan, 30 dead, 19 missing people, 35 injured. The total damage and breakage of the house is 4,836. There are 121,1924 inundated houses. In the Itsukushima Shrine the building was damaged, the Kintai Bridge was lost.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067875-0008-0000", "contents": "1950 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Fran\nTyphoon Fran was a late season storm that struck the northern Philippines killing 5 people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067875-0009-0000", "contents": "1950 Pacific typhoon season, Storm names\n20 Names were used during the season, the first being Doris and the last was Fran", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 40], "content_span": [41, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067875-0010-0000", "contents": "1950 Pacific typhoon season, Storm names, Names Decommissioned\nAfter the season 8 names were decommissioned by the WMO, namely Delilah, Helene, Jane, Kezia, Lucretia, Missatha, Ossia, and Petie. They are subsequently replaced with Dot, Helen, June, Kathy, Lorna, Marie, Olga, and Pamela.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 62], "content_span": [63, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067876-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Paraguayan Primera Divisi\u00f3n season\nThe 1950 season of the Paraguayan Primera Divisi\u00f3n, the top category of Paraguayan football, was played by 11 teams. The national champions were Cerro Porte\u00f1o.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067877-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Paris Grand Prix\nThe 1950 Paris Grand Prix was a Non-Championship Formula One motor race held on 30 April 1950 at the Autodrome de Linas-Montlh\u00e9ry, in Montlh\u00e9ry near Paris, France. It was the fourth race of the 1950 Formula One season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067877-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Paris Grand Prix\nThe 50-lap race was won by Talbot-Lago driver Georges Grignard, who finished four laps ahead of Louis G\u00e9rard, who finished second in a Delage, with Marc Versini third, also in a Delage. These were the only three finishers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067878-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Paris\u2013Roubaix\nThe 1950 Paris\u2013Roubaix was the 48th\u00a0edition of the Paris\u2013Roubaix, a classic one-day cycle race in France. The single day event was held on 9 April 1950 and stretched 247\u00a0km (153\u00a0mi) from Paris to the finish at Roubaix Velodrome. The winner was Fausto Coppi from Italy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067879-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Paris\u2013Tours\nThe 1950 Paris\u2013Tours was the 44th edition of the Paris\u2013Tours cycle race and was held on 7 May 1950. The race started in Paris and finished in Tours. The race was won by Andr\u00e9 Mah\u00e9.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067880-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Pau Grand Prix\nThe 1950 Pau Grand Prix was a non-championship Formula One motor race held on 10 April 1950 at the Pau circuit, in Pau, Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es-Atlantiques, France. It was the first race of the 1950 Formula One season, and was conducted on the same day as the 1950 Richmond Trophy. The 110-lap race was won by Maserati driver Juan Manuel Fangio after starting from pole position. Luigi Villoresi finished second in a Ferrari, and Louis Rosier third in a Talbot-Lago.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067881-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Penn Quakers football team\nThe 1950 Penn Quakers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Pennsylvania as an independent during the 1950 college football season. In its 13th season under head coach George Munger, the team compiled a 6\u20133 record and outscored opponents by a total of 223 to 95. The team played its home games at Franklin Field in Philadelphia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067882-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Penn State Nittany Lions football team\nThe 1950 Penn State Nittany Lions football team represented the Pennsylvania State University in the 1950 college football season. The team was coached by Rip Engle and played its home games in New Beaver Field in State College, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067883-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election\nThe 1950 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election was held on November 7. For the twenty-second time in twenty-five elections, the Republican candidate was victorious, but by a much smaller than usual margin. Superior Court Judge John S. Fine defeated Democrat Richardson Dilworth, the City Controller of Philadelphia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067883-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election, Campaign\nDespite the popularity of outgoing governor (and 1950 U.S. Senate candidate) Jim Duff and the low approval ratings of President Harry Truman, Democrats came into the election with a cautiously optimistic outlook. In Dilworth, they had selected a charismatic candidate with a strong reputation as a reformer after serving as a key figure in the Democratic overthrow of Philadelphia's corrupt Republican political machine. Furthermore, although Republicans held registration advantages throughout the state, many voters were ambivalent toward their policies due to a 1949\u201350 recession that impacted crucial heavy industries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 50], "content_span": [51, 673]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067883-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election, Campaign\nIn contrast to the energetic Dilworth, the Republican nominee Fine was somewhat uncomfortable in the public eye, after having spent his career as a backroom power player and party boss. Fine had once been a close associate of progressive Governor Gifford Pinchot and had spent the previous twenty years as Northeastern Pennsylvania 's key political figure. Fine represented the consistency of the long-dominant state political machine and, although he was somewhat more conservative than the outgoing governor, was chosen as Duff's hand-picked successor to hold steady a Republican ship that was on cruise control.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 50], "content_span": [51, 665]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067883-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election, Campaign\nThe election was marked by a variety of brutal personal attacks. First, Fine was forced to wage a contentious primary battle. Jay Cooke, a wealthy Philadelphia banker, mobilized the arch-conservative business wing of the party, while Charles Williams, a Lycoming County Common Pleas Judge, led a small but vocal group of anti-machine Republicans. Although Fine won by twenty points over Cooke, the party had difficulty healing their wounds in the general election. In the fall, Fine and Dilworth further toned up the rhetoric.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 50], "content_span": [51, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067883-0003-0001", "contents": "1950 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election, Campaign\nThe Philadelphia Democrat portrayed his opponent as a crony who oversaw a Tammany Hall-style patronage system and asserted that Fine's agenda would \"roll back the Twentieth Century.\" Fine fired back by painting Dilworth as a candidate who would be soft on communism and allow subversives to penetrate state government; he even went so far as to compare state Democrats to a \"psychiatric problem.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 50], "content_span": [51, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067883-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election, Campaign\nOn Election Day, Fine carried the gubernatorial ticket by about two points, despite Governor Duff's large win in the Senate race. Although Fine ran well in heavily Republican Central Pennsylvania and limited Dilworth's advantage in the Democratic stronghold of metropolitan Pittsburgh, he lost by a slim margin his home base in the Scranton/Wilkes-Barre area. Furthermore, Dilworth gained 42% of the vote in Philadelphia's four suburban counties, despite only 17% of area residents holding Democratic voter registration.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 50], "content_span": [51, 571]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067884-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Penya Rhin Grand Prix\nThe 1950 Penya Rhin Grand Prix was a non-championship Formula One motor race held at Pedralbes Circuit on 29 October 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067885-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Pepperdine Waves football team\nThe 1950 Pepperdine Waves football team represented George Pepperdine College as a member of the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA) during the 1950 college football season. The team was led by second-year head coach Ray Richards and played home games at Gilmore Stadium in Los Angeles. They finished the season with an overall record of 4\u20135 and a mark of 2\u20132 in conference play, placing third in the CCAA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067885-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Pepperdine Waves football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Pepperdine Waves were selected in the 1951 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 60], "content_span": [61, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067886-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Peruvian Primera Divisi\u00f3n\nThe 1950 season of the Primera Divisi\u00f3n Peruana, the top category of Peruvian football, was played by 10 teams. The national champions were Deportivo Municipal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067887-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Peruvian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Peru on 2 July 1950 to elect the President and both houses of Congress. Manuel A. Odr\u00eda was the only presidential candidate after Ernesto Montage of the Democratic League withdrew, and was elected unopposed. In the Congressional elections, lists supporting Odr\u00eda won 38 of the 47 seats in the Senate and 139 of the 156 seats in the Chamber of Deputies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067887-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Peruvian general election, Results, Senate\nOnly 45 of the 47 seats in the Senate were filled as only one list of candidates was registered in Ancash and Puno, resulting in their minority seats being unfilled.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 47], "content_span": [48, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067887-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Peruvian general election, Results, Chamber of Deputies\nOnly 154 of the 156 seats in the Chamber were filled as only one list of candidates was registered in Ancash and Puno, resulting in their minority seats being unfilled.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 60], "content_span": [61, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067888-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Philadelphia Athletics season\nThe 1950 Philadelphia Athletics season involved the A's finishing eighth in the American League with a record of 52 wins and 102 losses. It would be 88-year-old Connie Mack's 50th and last as A's manager, a North American professional sports record. During that year the team wore uniforms trimmed in blue and gold, in honor of the Golden Jubilee of \"The Grand Old Man of Baseball.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067888-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 79], "content_span": [80, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067888-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 72], "content_span": [73, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067888-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 77], "content_span": [78, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067888-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 74], "content_span": [75, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067888-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 75], "content_span": [76, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067889-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Philadelphia Eagles season\nThe 1950 Philadelphia Eagles season was their 18th in the league. The team failed to improve on their previous output of 11\u20131, winning only six games. The team failed to qualify for the playoffs for the first time in four seasons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067889-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Philadelphia Eagles season, Off Season\nThe National Football League and the All-America Football Conference came to an agreement. The Baltimore Colts, Cleveland Browns, and San Francisco 49ers would join the older NFL. The Philadelphia Eagles would meet the Cleveland Browns in a Saturday night game to open the 1950 season in Philadelphia Municipal Stadium instead of Shibe Park for more seating. On September 16, 1950, a crowd of 71,237 turned out in Philadelphia to watch as the Browns won 35\u201310.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067889-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Philadelphia Eagles season, Off Season, NFL Draft\nThe 1950 NFL Draft was held on January 20\u201321, 1950. The former AAFC teams got to pick with the NFL teams and the Detroit Lions won the lottery pick. They used it to select Leon Hart, who played end at the University of Notre Dame. With an 11\u20131 record in the 1949 season and Cleveland at 9\u20131\u20132, the Eagles picked last in each round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 54], "content_span": [55, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067889-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Philadelphia Eagles season, Off Season, NFL Draft\nThe Eagles first draft pick went to University of Minnesota for football and basketball. He chose and played for the Minneapolis Lakers in the NBA during the 1950 season. He would join the Eagles in 1951 but left the Eagles after two seasons over money to play in Canadian Football League. He would later go into the Canadian Football Hall of Fame in 1983  and the Pro Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1994.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 54], "content_span": [55, 465]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067889-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Philadelphia Eagles season, Off Season, Player selections\nThe table shows the Eagles selections and what picks they had that were traded away and the team that ended up with that pick. It is possible the Eagles' pick ended up with this team via another team that the Eagles made a trade with. Not shown are acquired picks that the Eagles traded away.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 62], "content_span": [63, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067889-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Philadelphia Eagles season, Off Season, 1950 AAFC Dispersal Draft\nThe NFL and AAFC were rivals for four years. In 1949 it was agreed to allow three teams from the AAFC to join the NFL; there was an AAFC Dispersal Draft of players done. Below are whom the Eagles selected in the draft. The National Football League held the dispersal draft on June 2, 1950. The draft order was determined by the order of finish of the 1949 season. Because Green Bay and Baltimore were the weakest teams they were given extra picks: two picks each between rounds 3 and 4, one between rounds 5 and 6, 7 and 8  and between 9 and 10.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 70], "content_span": [71, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067889-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 Philadelphia Eagles season, Roster\n(All time List of Philadelphia Eagles players in franchise history)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 39], "content_span": [40, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067889-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 Philadelphia Eagles season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 42], "content_span": [43, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067890-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Philadelphia Phillies season\nThe 1950 Philadelphia Phillies won the National League pennant by two games over the Brooklyn Dodgers. Nicknamed the \"Whiz Kids\" because of the youth of their roster, they went on to lose the World Series to the New York Yankees in four straight games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067890-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Philadelphia Phillies season, Previous off-season\nOn January 10, 1950, owner Bob Carpenter announced that the club had officially abandoned the nickname \"Blue Jays\" and would be the \"Phillies\". The club had adopted the nickname in 1944 but it never caught on among fans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 54], "content_span": [55, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067890-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Philadelphia Phillies season, City Series\nThe pre-season 1950 City Series was planned for three games prior to Opening Day. Snow flurries and cold weather in Philadelphia caused the cancellation of the first game. The Athletics beat the Phillies 7\u20134 and the Phillies won the following game 11\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 46], "content_span": [47, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067890-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 78], "content_span": [79, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067890-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 71], "content_span": [72, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067890-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 76], "content_span": [77, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067890-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067890-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 74], "content_span": [75, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067890-0008-0000", "contents": "1950 Philadelphia Phillies season, 1950 World Series\nAL New York Yankees (4) vs. NL Philadelphia Phillies (0)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 52], "content_span": [53, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067891-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Pittsburgh Panthers football team\nThe 1950 Pittsburgh Panthers football team represented the University of Pittsburgh in the 1950 college football season. The team compiled a 1\u20138 record under head coach Len Casanova.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067892-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Pittsburgh Pirates season\nThe 1950 Pittsburgh Pirates season was the 69th season of the Pittsburgh Pirates franchise; the 64th in the National League. The Pirates finished eighth and last in the league standings with a record of 57\u201396.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067892-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 75], "content_span": [76, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067892-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 68], "content_span": [69, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067892-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067892-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067892-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 71], "content_span": [72, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067893-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Pittsburgh Steelers season\nThe 1950 Pittsburgh Steelers season was the franchise's 18th season in the National Football League (NFL). It was the team's third season under head coach John Michelosen who had led the team to a combined 10\u201313\u20131 record over the previous two years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067893-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Pittsburgh Steelers season\nDespite finishing last in the league in scoring, the team compiled a 6\u20136 record which left them tied for third place among the six teams in the NFL's American Conference. The Steelers were the league's only team that employed the single wing; most of the league's other franchises had switched to the T formation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067893-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Pittsburgh Steelers season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 42], "content_span": [43, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067894-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Preston Municipal Borough Council election\nElections to the Preston Municipal Borough Council were held in late 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067895-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Primera Divisi\u00f3n de Chile\nThe 1950 Campeonato Nacional de F\u00fatbol Profesional was Chilean first tier\u2019s 18th season. Everton were the champions, being the first team from outside Santiago to win the national league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067895-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Primera Divisi\u00f3n de Chile\nPrevious to the start of the tournament Ferroviarios and Badminton merged to form Ferrobadminton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067895-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Primera Divisi\u00f3n de Chile, Championship playoff\nEverton and Uni\u00f3n Espa\u00f1ola ended up tied in points at the end of the 22 weeks of regular season. Tournament rules establish that, unlike any other position on the table, if two or more teams are equal in points at the end of play, goal difference does not count and a playoff game is required. Everton won that match and was crowned as champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 52], "content_span": [53, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067896-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Princeton Tigers football team\nThe 1950 Princeton Tigers football team represented Princeton University in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) intercollegiate competition during the 1950 season. The Tigers were led by sixth-year head coach Charlie Caldwell, a future College Football Hall of Fame inductee, who utilized an \"unbalanced\" version of the single-wing formation. The Princeton offense, which made use of the buck-lateral series, was one of the last successful employers of the single-wing formation, which had been made obsolete by the modernized T formation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067896-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Princeton Tigers football team\nPrinceton finished with a perfect undefeated record of 9\u20130, and the Tigers outscored their opponents 349\u201394. Against other future Ivy League teams, Princeton compiled a 5\u20130 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067896-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Princeton Tigers football team\nSome selectors named Princeton the national champions, most notably the NCAA-recognized Poling System and Boand System. Princeton was ranked sixth in the Associated Press and eighth in the United Press final polls. After the season, Tigers halfback Dick Kazmaier, tackle Holland Donan, and center Redmond Finney received first-team All-America honors. Kazmaier and Donan were eventually inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067898-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Purdue Boilermakers football team\nThe 1950 Purdue Boilermakers football team was an American football team that represented Purdue University during the 1950 Big Nine Conference football season. In their fourth season under head coach Stu Holcomb, the Boilermakers compiled a 2\u20137 record, finished in a three-way tie for last place in the Big Ten Conference with a 1\u20134 record against conference opponents, and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 200 to 143.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067898-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Purdue Boilermakers football team\nNotable players from the 1950 Purdue team included end Leo Sugar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067899-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Queensland state election\nElections were held in the Australian state of Queensland on 29 April 1950 to elect the 75 members of the state's Legislative Assembly. The Labor government was seeking its seventh continuous term in office since the 1932 election; it would be Premier Ned Hanlon's second election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067899-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Queensland state election\nThe Assembly had been increased in size prior to the election by the Electoral Districts Act 1949 from 62 to 75 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067899-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Queensland state election, Results\nQueensland state election, 29 April 1950Legislative Assembly << 1947\u20131953 >>", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067899-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Queensland state election, Seats changing party representation\nThere was an extensive redistribution across Queensland prior to this election, increasing the amount of seats from 62 to 75. The seat changes are as follows.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 67], "content_span": [68, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067900-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Railway Cup Hurling Championship\nThe 1950 Railway Cup Hurling Championship was the 24th series of the inter-provincial hurling Railway Cup. Three matches were played between 12 February 1950 and 17 March 1950 to decide the title. It was contested by Connacht, Leinster, Munster and Ulster.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067900-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Railway Cup Hurling Championship\nOn 17 March 1950, Munster won the Railway Cup after a 0-09 to 1-03 defeat of Leinster in the final at Croke Park, Dublin. It was their 18th Railway Cup title overall and their third title in succession.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067900-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Railway Cup Hurling Championship\nMunster's Jimmy Kennedy was the Railway Cup top scorer with 4-01.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067901-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Red River flood\nThe 1950 Red River flood was a devastating flood that took place along the Red River in The Dakotas and Manitoba from April 15 to June 12, 1950. Damage was particularly severe in the city of Winnipeg and its environs, which were inundated on May 5, also known as Black Friday to some residents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067901-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Red River flood\nAn estimated 70,000\u2013100,000 residents had to be evacuated, and four of eleven bridges were destroyed. In that year, the Red River reached its highest level since 1861 and flooded most of the Red River Valley, more than 1,400\u00a0km2 (550\u00a0sq\u00a0mi). One man died, and property losses due to the flood were estimated at more than $600 million to one billion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067901-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Red River flood\nTo prevent and reduce future damage, the government constructed the Red River Floodway, which was completed in 1968. It has been estimated to have prevented more than $100 billion (CAD) in cumulative flood damage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067901-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Red River flood, Winnipeg\nAlthough seasonal flooding was common, this flood surpassed the others. The north-flowing Red River was fed by flows resulting from melting of heavy snows in the winter and runoff from heavy rains in the spring. Eight dikes gave way and flooded much of Winnipeg, turning an estimated 600 square miles (1,600\u00a0km2) of farmland in the area into an enormous lake. A total of more than 1,400\u00a0km2 (550\u00a0sq\u00a0mi) in the Red River Valley were flooded, from Emerson to 60 miles (97\u00a0km) north to Greater Winnipeg. The depth of the flood waters on the farmland was between 2\u20136 feet (0.61\u20131.83\u00a0m). The city turned to the Canadian Army and the Red Cross for help.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 30], "content_span": [31, 678]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067901-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Red River flood, Winnipeg\nFour of eleven bridges in the city were destroyed and approximately 100,000\u00a0people had to be evacuated from their homes and businesses. This was the largest evacuation in Canadian history until the 1979 Mississauga train derailment. In Winnipeg there was one fatality; property damage was severe, with losses estimated at between $600\u00a0million and more than a billion dollars. The flood postponed opening day for baseball in the Mandak League due to inundation of Osborne Stadium. The league and president Jimmy Dunn arranged benefit games to raise money for Winnipeg's Flood Fund.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 30], "content_span": [31, 611]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067901-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Red River flood, Winnipeg\nAs a result of the damage, the government built the Red River Floodway, to divert flood waters from Winnipeg to more distant portions of the river. The project was completed in 1968 and has been used 20 times. From 1950 to about 1997, it was derogatorily referred to as \"Duff's Ditch\", after the premier (Dufferin Roblin) that built the floodway. It is estimated to have prevented more than $100 billion (CAD) in cumulative flood damage. The Floodway was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 2000, and is considered an outstanding engineering achievement both in terms of function and effects.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 30], "content_span": [31, 636]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067901-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 Red River flood, United States\nFlooding in the Red River Valley of the United States resulted in five deaths.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 35], "content_span": [36, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067902-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Rhode Island State Rams football team\nThe 1950 Rhode Island Rams football team was an American football team that represented Rhode Island State College (later renamed the University of Rhode Island) as a member of the Yankee Conference during the 1950 college football season. In its first season under head coach Hal Kopp, the team compiled a 3\u20135 record (2\u20133 against conference opponents) and finished in third place in the conference. The team played its home games at Meade Stadium in Kingston, Rhode Island.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067903-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Rhode Island gubernatorial election\nThe 1950 Rhode Island gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1950. Democratic nominee Dennis J. Roberts defeated Republican nominee Eugene J. Lachapelle with 59.34% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067904-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Rice Owls football team\nThe 1950 Rice Owls football team represented Rice University during the 1950 college football season. The Owls were led by 11th-year head coach Jess Neely and played their home games at the newly-constructed Rice Stadium in Houston, Texas. The team competed as members of the Southwest Conference, finishing tied for fifth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067905-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Richmond Trophy\nThe 2nd Richmond Trophy was a non-championship Formula One race held at Goodwood Circuit, West Sussex, England. It was a short race of only 11 laps and was won by Reg Parnell in a Maserati 4CLT/48.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067906-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Rivi\u00e8re-du-Loup B-50 nuclear weapon loss incident\nThe 1950 Rivi\u00e8re-du-Loup B-50 nuclear weapon loss incident refers to loss of a nuclear weapon near Rivi\u00e8re-du-Loup, Quebec, Canada, during the fall of 1950. The bomb was released due to engine troubles, and then was destroyed in a non-nuclear detonation before it hit the ground.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067906-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Rivi\u00e8re-du-Loup B-50 nuclear weapon loss incident, Background\nReturning one of several US Mark 4 nuclear bombs secretly deployed at Goose AFB in Labrador, a USAF Boeing B-50 Superfortress had engine trouble and jettisoned the weapon at 10,500 feet (3,200\u00a0m). The crew set the bomb to self-destruct at 2,500\u00a0ft (760\u00a0m), and released it over the St. Lawrence River. The non-nuclear explosion shook area residents and scattered nearly 100 pounds (45\u00a0kg) of radioactive uranium (U-238) used in the weapon's tamper. The plutonium core (\"pit\"), which is the key component for a nuclear reaction and detonation, was not installed in the bomb at the time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 66], "content_span": [67, 652]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067906-0001-0001", "contents": "1950 Rivi\u00e8re-du-Loup B-50 nuclear weapon loss incident, Background\nThe absence of the core probably was because of its high cost and relative scarcity at the time. Standard US Air Force protocol prohibited any aircraft carrying a nuclear device to land with the device if the aircraft was experiencing engine problems \u2014 it had to be jettisoned. Per standard protocol, the plutonium trigger was always removed prior to flight and shipped separately to prevent accidental nuclear activation. At the time of the incident, the aircraft was returning from Goose AFB to Davis\u2013Monthan Air Force Base. The troubled aircraft successfully diverted to Loring Air Force Base in Maine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 66], "content_span": [67, 672]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067906-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Rivi\u00e8re-du-Loup B-50 nuclear weapon loss incident, Background\nThe incident was immediately covered up at the time, and explained away as 500-pound (230\u00a0kg) military practice bombs being detonated. It was not until the 1980s that the Air Force confirmed it had been a nuclear incident.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 66], "content_span": [67, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067907-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Roller Hockey World Cup\nThe 1950 Roller Hockey World Cup was the sixth roller hockey world cup, organized by the F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale de Patinage a Roulettes (now under the name of F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale de Roller Sports). It was contested by 10 national teams (9 from Europe and 1 from Africa) and it is also considered the 1950 European Roller Hockey Championship (despite the presence of Egypt). All the games were played in the city of Milan, in Italy, the chosen city to host the World Cup. It was the first edition decided in a final game, which saw Portugal defeating Italy by 4\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 601]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067908-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Rose Bowl\nThe 1950 Rose Bowl was the 36th edition of the college football bowl game, played at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California on Monday, January 2. The sixth-ranked Ohio State Buckeyes, champions of the Big Ten Conference, upset the undefeated #3 California Golden Bears, champions of the Pacific Coast Conference, 17\u201314.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067908-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Rose Bowl\nOhio State fullback Fred \"Curly\" Morrison was named the  Player of the Game. Because New Year's Day was on Sunday in 1950, the bowl games were played the following day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067908-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Rose Bowl\nIt was the Big Ten's fourth consecutive win in the Rose Bowl, and California's second straight loss.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067909-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Rutgers Queensmen football team\nThe 1950 Rutgers Queensmen football team represented Rutgers University in the 1950 college football season. In their ninth season under head coach Harvey Harman, the Queensemen compiled a 4\u20134 record and outscored their opponents 186 to 154.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067910-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Rutgers Scarlet Knights baseball team\nThe 1950 Rutgers Scarlet Knights baseball team is a baseball team that represented Rutgers University in the 1950 NCAA baseball season. They were led by first-year head coach George Case.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067910-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Rutgers Scarlet Knights baseball team\nThe Scarlet Knights finished third in the College World Series, defeated by the Texas Longhorns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067911-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 SANFL Grand Final\nThe 1950 SANFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football competition. Norwood beat Glenelg 106 to 59.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067912-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 SANFL season\nThe 1950 South Australian National Football League season was the 71st season of the top-level Australian rules football competition in South Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067913-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 SEC Men's Basketball Tournament\nThe 1950 SEC Men's Basketball Tournament took place March 2\u20134, 1950 in Louisville, Kentucky at the Jefferson County Armory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067913-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 SEC Men's Basketball Tournament\nThe Kentucky won the tournament championship game by beating the Tennessee, 95\u201358. The Wildcats would play in the 12-team 1950 National Invitation Tournament, losing to eventual champion CCNY in the second round. No SEC teams played in the 8-team 1950 NCAA Tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067914-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Saint Mary's Gaels football team\nThe 1950 Saint Mary's Gaels football team was an American football team that represented Saint Mary's College of California during the 1950 college football season. In their first season under head coach Joe Ruetz, the Gaels compiled a 2\u20137\u20131 record and were outscored by opponents by a combined total of 235 to 95.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067914-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Saint Mary's Gaels football team\nThe 1950 season saw a financial decline for the program as attendance dropped. No more than 200 paying customers attended the final game of the season against Villanova. The losses flowing from the Villanova game were exacerbated by a $10,000 guarantee paid to the visiting team. The December 3 game was the last in Saint Mary's football until 1970.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067914-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Saint Mary's Gaels football team\nOn January 4, 1951, one month after the close of the season, Saint Mary's announced that it was abandoning its intercollegiate football and baseball programs for the duration of the national emergency resulting from the Korean War. In addition to the war, the school cited \"the growing difficulty of sustaining academic standards in the face of an inflated competition, especially in football.\" The school also expressed its \"profound gratitude to the legions of loyal adherents . . . who have supported the athletic program over the many years that St. Mary's college teams figured prominently in the National sports world.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 663]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067914-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Saint Mary's Gaels football team\nTwo rival programs among the west coast Catholic colleges, Loyola of Los Angeles and San Francisco, terminated their football programs one year later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067915-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Salad Bowl\nThe 1950 Salad Bowl was a college football bowl game played between Xavier University and Arizona State College at Montgomery Stadium in Phoenix, Arizona. Xavier entered the game with a 9\u20131 record, best in the state of Ohio, and favored over 7\u20132 Arizona State, which had the best record in Arizona. Xavier defeated Arizona State 33-21 before 20,000 fans, then the most fans who had ever watched a football game (of any level) in the state of Arizona. This marked Xavier's first and only appearance in a post-season bowl game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 541]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067915-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Salad Bowl, Background\nThe Phoenix Kiwanis Club, who sponsored the Salad Bowl, selected Arizona State as the home team after the Sun Devils defeated the Arizona Wildcats, 34\u20137. Arizona State had not beaten Arizona since 1931. At the end of November the organizers invited Xavier, whose 9\u20131 record was best in Ohio, to face Arizona State. Other teams considered included the College of the Pacific, Wyoming and Colorado A&M.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 27], "content_span": [28, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067915-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Salad Bowl, Game summary\nDuring the game Xavier benefited from mistakes by Arizona State, including three touchdown drives which began with Arizona State turnovers. On the other side of the ball, Arizona State's barefoot kicker Bobby Fuller kicked all three extra points. The following season Fuller would make 48 of 51 attempts, a record which stood for 20 years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 29], "content_span": [30, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067915-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Salad Bowl, Game summary\nThe pre-game parade featured Jacque Mercer, the 1949 Miss America and a native of Litchfield Park, Arizona. Her presence came from a special connection: Robert Hannelly, who was president of both the Phoenix Kiwanis Club and Phoenix College, which Mercer attended.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 29], "content_span": [30, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067915-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Salad Bowl, Game summary\nAlthough a number of modern sources state that the game took place on New Year's Day, contemporary newspaper accounts confirm that the game was played, along with most bowl games that year, on January 2. No bowl games were played on January 1, 1950, because it fell on a Sunday.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 29], "content_span": [30, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067916-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Salvadoran general election\nGeneral elections were held in El Salvador between 26 and 29 March 1950. The result was a victory for \u00d3scar Osorio in the presidential election, and his Revolutionary Party of Democratic Unification in the legislative election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067917-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 San Diego State Aztecs football team\nThe 1950 San Diego State Aztecs football team represented San Diego State College during the 1950 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067917-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 San Diego State Aztecs football team\nSan Diego State competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA). The team was led by fourth-year head coach Bill Schutte, and played home games at Aztec Bowl. They finished the season with five wins, three losses and one tie (5\u20133\u20131, 3\u20130\u20131 CCAA). Overall, the team outscored its opponents 212\u2013186 for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067917-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 San Diego State Aztecs football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo San Diego State players were selected in the 1951 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 66], "content_span": [67, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067918-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 San Francisco 49ers season\nThe 1950 San Francisco 49ers season was the franchise's 1st season in the National Football League and their 5th overall. After playing the previous four years in the All-America Football Conference, which folded after the 1949 season, the 49ers, Baltimore Colts, and Cleveland Browns all joined the NFL from the AAFC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067918-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 San Francisco 49ers season\nSan Francisco's first NFL game was at Kezar Stadium on September 17 against the New York Yanks, as the 49ers fell short, losing by a score of 21\u201317. They started the season 0\u20135 before recording their first NFL victory in a 28\u201327 victory over the Detroit Lions at home. The Niners played better after the 0\u20135 start, went 3\u20134 in their remaining 7 games to finish the season 3\u20139, and failed to qualify for the playoffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067918-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 San Francisco 49ers season\nQuarterback Frankie Albert completed 50.7% of his passes, while throwing for 14 touchdowns and 23 interceptions. Running back Joe Perry rushed for a team-high 647 yards and 5 touchdowns, while wide receiver Alyn Beals caught 22 passes for 315 yards, and 3 touchdowns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067918-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 San Francisco 49ers season, Offseason, NFL Draft\nEven though the former AAFC teams drafted after all of the NFL teams in each round, the Niners grabbed future Hall of Famer Leo Nomellini in the first round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 53], "content_span": [54, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067918-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 San Francisco 49ers season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 42], "content_span": [43, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067919-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 San Francisco Dons football team\nThe 1950 San Francisco Dons football team was an American football team that represented the University of San Francisco as an independent during the 1950 college football season. In their third season under head coach Joe Kuharich, the Dons compiled a 7\u20134 record and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 291 to 181.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067920-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 San Francisco State Gators football team\nThe 1950 San Francisco State Gators football team represented San Francisco State College during the 1950 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067920-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 San Francisco State Gators football team\nSan Francisco State competed in the Far Western Conference (FWC). The Gators were led by first-year head coach Joe Verducci. They played home games at Cox Stadium in San Francisco, California. The team finished the season as champion of the FWC, with a regular season record of six wins and one loss (6\u20131, 4\u20130 FWC). For the season the team outscored its opponents 260\u2013180.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067920-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 San Francisco State Gators football team\nAt the end of the season, as champion of the FWC the Gators qualified for the 5th annual Pear Bowl in Medford, Oregon. San Francisco State lost the game 7\u201361 vs. Lewis & Clark. This brought the team's final record to six wins and two losses (6\u20132, 4\u20130 FWC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067920-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 San Francisco State Gators football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo San Francisco State players were selected in the 1951 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 70], "content_span": [71, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067921-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 San Jose State Spartans football team\nThe 1950 San Jose State Spartans football team represented San Jose State College during the 1950 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067921-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 San Jose State Spartans football team\nSan Jose State competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association through the 1949 season. In 1950, the team moved to the University Division and played as an Independent. The team was led by first-year head coach Bob Bronzan, and played home games at Spartan Stadium in San Jose, California. They finished the season with a record of six wins, three losses and one tie (6\u20133\u20131). Overall, the team outscored its opponents 201\u2013118 for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067921-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 San Jose State Spartans football team, Team players in the NFL\nThe following San Jose State players were selected in the 1951 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 67], "content_span": [68, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067922-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 San Remo Grand Prix\nThe 1950 San Remo Grand Prix was a non-Championship Formula One motor race held on 16 April 1950 at the Autodromo di Ospedaletti, in Sanremo, Liguria, Italy. It was the third race of the 1950 Formula One season. The 90-lap race was won by Alfa Romeo driver Juan Manuel Fangio after starting from second position. Luigi Villoresi finished second in a Ferrari, and Alfredo Pi\u00e0n third in a Maserati.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067923-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Santa Barbara Gauchos football team\nThe 1950 UC Santa Barbara Gauchos football team represented Santa Barbara College during the 1950 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067923-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Santa Barbara Gauchos football team\nSanta Barbara competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA). The team was led by second-year head coach Roy Engle and played home games at La Playa Stadium in Santa Barbara, California. They finished the season with a record of seven wins and three losses (7\u20133, 3\u20131 CCAA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067923-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Santa Barbara Gauchos football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Santa Barbara Gaucho players were selected in the 1951 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 65], "content_span": [66, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067924-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Santa Clara Broncos football team\nThe 1950 Santa Clara Broncos football team was an American football team that represented Santa Clara University during the 1950 college football season. In their first season under head coach Richard F. Gallagher, the Broncos compiled a 3\u20137 record and were outscored by opponents by a combined total of 198 to 165.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067925-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Santos FC season\nThe 1950 season was the thirty-ninth season for Santos FC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 80]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067926-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Scottish League Cup Final\nThe 1950 Scottish League Cup Final was played on 28 October 1950, at Hampden Park in Glasgow and was the final of the fifth Scottish League Cup competition. The final was contested by Hibernian and Motherwell. Motherwell won the match 3\u20130 thanks to goals by Jim Forrest, Archie Kelly and Willie Watters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067926-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Scottish League Cup Final, Background\nHibs had been 2/5 favourites to win the match and fielded seven full internationals in their side. This match was played during Hibs' most successful era, as they went on to win the league championship by ten clear points, led by the Famous Five forward line of Smith, Johnstone, Reilly, Turnbull and Ormond. They suffered a blow in the build-up to the final, however, as Eddie Turnbull was injured. Manager Hugh Shaw moved Willie Ormond from the left wing to inside left, and selected Jimmy Bradley in Ormond's normal position. Bradley, who never played in a league match for Hibs, froze on the big occasion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 652]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067926-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Scottish League Cup Final, Match report\nHibs controlled most of the match, but without threatening the Motherwell goal much, prompting one journalist to report that:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 44], "content_span": [45, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067926-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Scottish League Cup Final, Match report\nif the Ibrox defence is the Iron Curtain then this Motherwell defence is compressed steel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 44], "content_span": [45, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067926-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Scottish League Cup Final, Match report\nIn the 74th minute, Tommy Younger could only parry a shot by Archie Kelly, who headed in the rebound to score the opening goal. Two minutes later, a deep cross by Archie Shaw was headed back across by Willie Watters, and Forrest headed in Motherwell's second goal. The third goal came when Younger miskicked a clearance into the path of Watters, who lobbed the Hibs' keeper. Younger had to be consoled by his opposite number after the game, while the Motherwell players celebrated their victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 44], "content_span": [45, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067927-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n Peruana\nThe 1950 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n Peruana, the second division of Peruvian football (soccer), was played by 8 teams. The tournament winner, Uni\u00f3n Callao was promoted to the Primera Divisi\u00f3n Peruana 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067928-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Senior Bowl\nThe 1950 Senior Bowl was a college football exhibition game featuring players from the 1949 college football season and prospects in the 1950 NFL Draft. The inaugural edition of the Senior Bowl was played on January 7, 1950, at Gator Bowl Stadium in Jacksonville, Florida. The teams were coached by personnel from the National Football League (NFL); Bo McMillin of the Detroit Lions for the North, and Steve Owen of the New York Giants for the South. The game was broadcast on the Mutual Radio Network. After the North took an early 13\u20130 lead, the South came from behind for a 22\u201313 victory. South quarterback Travis Tidwell of Auburn completed 13 of 19 passes for 246 yards and was named game MVP.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 715]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067928-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Senior Bowl\nThe day after the game, it was announced that eight players from the Southwestern Conference (SWC) who had participated in the game would lose their scholarships; although each had completed their college sports career, they had not yet completed their college studies. The SWC schools ended the players' scholarships because they had accepted payment for appearing in the Senior Bowl, with each of the 26 players on the winning team receiving $475 and each of the 24 players on the losing team receiving $343,  coming from 60 percent of the ticket sales. While the players accepted payment knowing that their scholarships could be ended, Senior Bowl organizer Jimmy Pearre pointed out that the colleges \"have made millions off these players\". The players and their college teams were:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 802]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067928-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Senior Bowl\nThis would prove to be the only edition of the Senior Bowl played in Jacksonville, as the game moved to Mobile, Alabama, in 1951 and has remained there since. In 1994, Gator Bowl Stadium was closed and demolished; it was replaced with Jacksonville Municipal Stadium, now known as TIAA Bank Field.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067929-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Sheffield Neepsend by-election\nThe 1950 Sheffield Neepsend by-election was a parliamentary by-election held on 5 April 1950 for the British House of Commons constituency of Sheffield Neepsend in Neepsend, an industrial suburb of the city of Sheffield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067929-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Sheffield Neepsend by-election\nThe seat had become vacant when the constituency's Labour Member of Parliament (MP), Harry Morris, was elevated to the peerage as the first Baron Morris of Kenwood. Morris, who had held the seat since its creation for the 1950 general election, had been offered a peerage to trigger a by-election in a safe seat which could be easily won by Frank Soskice.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067929-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Sheffield Neepsend by-election\nSoskice had been Solicitor General since Clement Attlee's Labour Government had taken office in 1945. His Birkenhead East constituency had been abolished in boundary changes for the 1950 general election, and he had not been selected for another seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067929-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Sheffield Neepsend by-election\nSoskice won the by-election comfortably, with over 70% of the votes. He represented Sheffield Neepsend until the constituency was abolished for the 1955 general election, when he again found himself without a seat. He returned to Parliament the following year at the by-election on 6 July 1956 for the Newport constituency in Monmouthshire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067930-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Sheffield Telegraph Trophy\nThe 1950 Sheffield Telegraph Trophy was a non-championship Formula One race in the 1950 season. It was won by its only finisher, Cuth Harrison. There was no qualifying session.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067931-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Singapore Municipal Commission election\nThe 1950 Singapore Municipal Commission election took place on 2 December 1950 to elect 6 of the 27 seats in the Singapore Municipal Commission.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067932-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Slovenian Republic League\nThe 1950 season was the 27th season of the Slovenian Republic League and the fifth in the SFR Yugoslavia. Korotan Kranj have won the league title for the first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067933-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Soccer Bowl\nThe 1st Soccer Bowl the first edition of the Soccer Bowl, and a post-season college soccer championship game between the Penn State Nittany Lions and the San Francisco Dons on January 1, 1950, at the Sportsman's Park in St. Louis, Missouri. The match ended in a 2\u20132 draw with Penn State and San Francisco sharing the title. The game was used to determine the champion of the 1949 ISFA season, which predated the NCAA as the premier organizing body of collegiate soccer, and represented the concluding game of the season for both teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 552]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067933-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Soccer Bowl, Background\nSoccer had been played at the American collegiate level since at least the late 1860s, with variations of a kicking game being played since the mid-1840s. Organized collegiate soccer did not formally occur in the United States until the arrival of the Intercollegiate Soccer Football League, which began in 1904. The ISFL determined national championships for college programs from 1905 until 1925, and from 1926 until 1940 the Intercollegiate Soccer Football Association of America determined national champions. These championship titles were determined by a selection committee and were largely subjective. These championships are not formally recognized by the NCAA as legitimate national championship claims.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 28], "content_span": [29, 742]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067933-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Soccer Bowl, Background\nThroughout World War II and into the late 1940s, the ISFAA did not claim any national championships, although several college programs with undefeated records, or teams atop the NSCAA poll claimed national championships during this time, causing numerous programs to stake championship claims in the same year. After World War II, the ISFA began declaring national championships, which drew ire from programs that felt they deserved a national championship title, but were not considered by the ISFA committee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 28], "content_span": [29, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067933-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Soccer Bowl, Background\nThe goal of the Soccer Bowl was to take the highest ranked NSCAA and ISFA teams to have them play a one off match at a neutral venue. The concept of a neutral venue and titling the match as a \"bowl\" was heavy inspired and barrowed from the bowl game system that college American football uses.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 28], "content_span": [29, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067933-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Soccer Bowl, Route to the bowl, San Francisco\nSan Francisco ended the regular season with a perfect 10\u20130\u20130 record with a 6\u20130\u20130 record in the Northern California Intercollegiate Soccer Conference. In the championship game for the NCISC title, San Francisco defeated UCLA, 3\u20131, to win the title. Ahead of the Soccer Bowl, the Dons played an exhibition match against a semi-professional team known as the Los Angeles Aztecs (unrelated to the NASL Aztecs), and tied 2\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 50], "content_span": [51, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067933-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Soccer Bowl, Route to the bowl, San Francisco\nThe San Francisco soccer teams of the mid 20th century were known for recruiting international talent, partially due to the city's cosmopolitan and international recognition. While the team was traveling from San Francisco to St. Louis, the team was going out to dinner at a local restaurant in the area. The waiter refused to serve San Francisco's Olifumni Osibogu, a black Nigerian player on the team. Head coach, Gus Donoghue, rounded up the team and the left the restaurant and went to a hotel and restaurant  in East St. Louis, Illinois, where integration was allowed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 50], "content_span": [51, 624]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067933-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 Soccer Bowl, The Match\nIn the 1940s through 1950s, college soccer in the United States was played in four 22-minute quarters, partially in an effort to Americanize the sport to prevent alienating spectators. The match drew a crowd of 4,500 spectators at Sportsman's Park. The match was played in partly cloudy conditions, with unseasonably warm weather for winter. The high temperature that day was 61\u00b0F and at kick off the temperature was around 56\u00b0F.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 27], "content_span": [28, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067933-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 Soccer Bowl, The Match\nThe first goal of the match was scored by San Francisco's Dick Baptista. Penn State's Harry Little scored the tying goal off of a deflected shot. Baptista would score the go-ahead goal later in the match to give San Francisco the 2\u20131 lead. The match remained that scoreline until late into the fourth quarter. The center official allowed for six minutes of stoppage time, and with 10 seconds left in the match, the center referee, Harry Lyons, awarded a penalty kick to Penn State. Several San Francisco players protested saying that there was no handball to prompt the penalty kick. Penn State's Little would score the tying penalty kick ending the match in a 2\u20132 draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 27], "content_span": [28, 698]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067933-0008-0000", "contents": "1950 Soccer Bowl, The Match\nIt has been disputed as to whether or not the match was agreed to end in a draw, or if San Francisco refused to play overtime against Penn State. Nevertheless, the 1st Soccer Bowl was declared to be a share title between Penn State and San Francisco, a national title both programs, the ISFA, as well as the American Soccer History Archives, recognize.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 27], "content_span": [28, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067934-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 South American Basketball Championship for Women\nThe 1950 South American Basketball Championship for Women was the 3rd edition of this regional tournament for women in South America. It was held in Lima, Peru and won by Chile. Six teams competed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067934-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 South American Basketball Championship for Women, Results\nEach team played the other teams once, for a total of five games played by each team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 62], "content_span": [63, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067934-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 South American Basketball Championship for Women, Tiebreaker\nIn this case, to break the tie for the first place, a final match was scheduled between Chile and Argentina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 65], "content_span": [66, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067935-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 South American Championships in Athletics (unofficial)\nUnofficial South American Championships in Athletics were held in Montevideo, Uruguay in 1950. It is stated that the event was held in celebration of the 30th anniversary of the Uruguayan Athletics Federation. However, the foundation date of the Confederaci\u00f3n Atl\u00e9tica del Uruguay (CAU) was already two years earlier on March 1, 1918.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067936-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 South Australian state election\nState elections were held in South Australia on 4 March 1950. All 39 seats in the South Australian House of Assembly were up for election. The incumbent Liberal and Country League led by Premier of South Australia Thomas Playford IV defeated the Australian Labor Party led by Leader of the Opposition Mick O'Halloran.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067936-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 South Australian state election, Background\nOnly one seat changed hands, rural Stanley saw the Labor member re-elected as an independent member. Notably, neither major party contested the independent-held seat of Ridley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067936-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 South Australian state election, Results\nSouth Australian state election, 4 March 1950House of Assembly << 1947\u20131953 >>", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 45], "content_span": [46, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067937-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 South Carolina Gamecocks football team\nThe 1950 South Carolina Gamecocks football team was an American football team that represented the University of South Carolina as a member of the Southern Conference during the 1950 college football season. In their tenth season under head coach Rex Enright, South Carolina compiled a 3\u20134\u20132 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067938-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 South Carolina gubernatorial election\nThe 1950 South Carolina gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1950, to select the governor of the state of South Carolina. James F. Byrnes won the Democratic primary and ran unopposed in the general election becoming the 104th governor of South Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067938-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Democratic primary\nThe South Carolina Democratic Party held their primary for governor on July 11. The race was a cakewalk for the popular James F. Byrnes as he faced minimal opposition in the Democratic primary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 62], "content_span": [63, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067938-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 South Carolina gubernatorial election, General election\nThe general election was held on November 7, 1950 and James F. Byrnes was elected the next governor of South Carolina without opposition. Being a non-presidential election and few contested races, turnout was much lower than the Democratic primary election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 60], "content_span": [61, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067939-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 South Dakota Coyotes football team\nThe 1950 South Dakota Coyotes football team was an American football team that represented the University of South Dakota in the North Central Conference (NCC) during the 1950 college football season. In its 12th season under head coach Harry Gamage, the team compiled a 4\u20135 record (3\u20133 against NCC opponents), finished in fifth place out of seven teams in the NCC, and was outscored by a total of 230 to 201. The team played its home games at Inman Field in Vermillion, South Dakota.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 524]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067940-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 South Dakota State Jackrabbits football team\nThe 1950 South Dakota State Jackrabbits football team was an American football team that represented South Dakota State University in the North Central Conference (NCC) during the 1950 college football season. In its fourth season under head coach Ralph Ginn, the team compiled a 9\u20130\u20131 record and outscored opponents by a total of 381 to 116.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067941-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 South Dakota gubernatorial election\nThe 1950 South Dakota gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1950. Incumbent Republican Governor George T. Mickelson was unable to seek re-election to a third term due to newly imposed term limits. Accordingly, a competitive race to replace him ensued. Attorney General Sigurd Anderson won a slim plurality in the Republican primary, barely exceeding 35% and narrowly avoiding having the Republican nomination sent to the state party convention. In the general election, Anderson faced State Representative Joe Robbie. Anderson easily defeated Robbie, winning his first term with 61% of the vote to Robbie's 39%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 661]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067941-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 South Dakota gubernatorial election, Democratic primary\nState Representative Joe Robbie, who represented Davison County in the State House, was the only Democrat to file for the gubernatorial race, winning the nomination by default and removing the race from the primary election ballot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 60], "content_span": [61, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067942-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 South Korean legislative election\nLegislative elections were held in South Korea on 30 May 1950. The elections resulted in a tie between the Democratic Nationalist Party and the Korea Nationalist Party, which both won 24 seats. Voter turnout was 91.9%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067943-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 South Sydney Rabbitohs season\nThe 1950 South Sydney Rabbitohs season was the 43rd in the club's history. The club competed in the New South Wales Rugby Football League Premiership (NSWRFL), finishing the season as premiers and minor premiers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067944-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 South West African legislative election\nLegislative elections were held in South West Africa on 30 August 1950. The whites-only election saw a victory for the National Party of South West Africa, which won 15 of the 18 seats in the Legislative Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067944-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 South West African legislative election, Electoral system\nPrior to the elections, the electoral system was reformed; previously 12 members had been elected from single-member constituencies and six members appointed by the Administrator. Under the new system, all 18 members were elected in single-member constituencies. Four constituencies (Gibeon, Stampriet, Windhoek Central and Windhoek District) were abolished, leaving the new constituencies as Aroab, Gobabis, Grootfontein, Keetmanshoop, Luderitz, Maltah\u00f6he, Mariental, Okahandja, Otjikondo, Otjiwarongo, Outjo, Rehoboth, Swakopmund, Usakos, Warmbad, Windhoek East, Windhoek North and Windhoek West.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 62], "content_span": [63, 661]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067945-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Southern 500\nThe inaugural Southern Five-Hundred (shortened in 1951 to Southern 500) was part of the 1950 NASCAR Grand National series that took place September 4, 1950, at Darlington Raceway in Darlington, South Carolina. It was responsible for turning the Southern 500 into the biggest racing event prior to the 1959 Daytona 500. While this edition of the Southern 500 would be hosted in association with the Central States Racing Association, all of the other Southern 500 races would be hosted exclusively by NASCAR.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067945-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Southern 500\nDrivers came into this race with a number of different and weird strategies since no one had ever run a 500-mile stock car race before. Some drivers even put black paint under their eyes like American football players before the green flag dropped.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067945-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Southern 500, Background\nDarlington Raceway, nicknamed by many NASCAR fans and drivers as \"The Lady in Black\" or \"The Track Too Tough to Tame\" and advertised as a \"NASCAR Tradition\", is a race track built for NASCAR racing located near Darlington, South Carolina. It is of a unique, somewhat egg-shaped design, an oval with the ends of very different configurations, a condition which supposedly arose from the proximity of one end of the track to a minnow pond the owner refused to relocate. This situation makes it very challenging for the crews to set up their cars' handling in a way that will be effective at both ends.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 629]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067945-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Southern 500, Background\nThe track, at the time, was a four-turn 1.25 miles (2.01\u00a0km) oval. The track's first two turns are banked at twenty-five degrees, while the final two turns are banked two degrees lower at twenty-three degrees. The front stretch (the location of the finish line) and the back stretch is banked at six degrees.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067945-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Southern 500, Background\nHarold Brasington was a retired racer in 1948, who had gotten to know Bill France, Sr. while competing against France at the Daytona Beach Road Course and other dirt tracks in the Southeast and Midwestern United States. He quit racing in the late 1940s to concentrate on farming and his construction business. He began planning a new speedway after he noticed the huge crowds while attending the 1948 Indianapolis 500 and thought, \"If Tony Hulman can do it here, I can do it back home.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 516]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067945-0004-0001", "contents": "1950 Southern 500, Background\nBrasington bought 70 acres from farmer Sherman Ramsey, and started making a race track from a cotton and peanut field. However, he was forced to create an egg-shaped oval with one corner tighter, narrower, and more steeply banked because he promised Ramsey that the new track wouldn't disturb Ramsey's minnow pond at the west side of the property. Brasington was able to make the other turn at the east side of the property wide, sweeping, and flat as he wanted. It took almost a year to build the track.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 534]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067945-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Southern 500, Race report, Historical information\nThis race helped modernize stock car racing from its roots as a recreational pastime for moonshiners to an organized sport done on asphalt race tracks superior to the American highway system. The same gasoline that was sold in American service stations were used in NASCAR during this era. A few of the race cars were driven directly to the track as opposed to being towed from more than 2,500 miles or 4,000 kilometres away. While hotels and modern infrastructure were scarce in the Southern United States during the 1950s, people who attended this early NASCAR event started to create makeshift camping areas around the race track.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 54], "content_span": [55, 688]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067945-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 Southern 500, Race report, Historical information\nThe Interstate Highway System would not begin construction until later in the decade; its heyday and prominence as an \"American superhighway\" for leisure and business travel didn't kick in until the late 1960s when NASCAR first felt the need to expand outside its regional \"shell\" and into the national stage. Until hotel accommodations reached the same level of accessibility in the Southern United States as it was in the more economically developed northeastern part of the country. It was the first 500-mile race in the history of NASCAR.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 54], "content_span": [55, 597]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067945-0006-0001", "contents": "1950 Southern 500, Race report, Historical information\nBeing the first superspeedway in NASCAR, Darlington would be the precedent for race tracks like the Daytona International Speedway and Talladega Superspeedway. The winning vehicle was Johnny Mantz's 1950 Plymouth (owned by Hubert Westmoreland). Harold Brasington, a local businessman, was motivated to open Darlington Speedway for the introductory race after being impressed by the 1933 Indianapolis 500. He was hopeful for a crowd of 10,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 54], "content_span": [55, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067945-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 Southern 500, Race report, Qualifying\nMore than 80 entrants showed up for the race. Brasington used a 2-week qualifying scheme similar to the one used at the Indianapolis 500. Brasington was also inspired by Indianapolis when he had the 75 car field aligned in 25 rows of three cars. During those two weeks of qualifying, locals could take their cars and try to qualify, unlike today where independent contract drivers used to run the races. These practices have been curtailed over the years as NASCAR adopted a more uniform set of guidelines with regard to the number of cars which could qualify for a race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 42], "content_span": [43, 614]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067945-0008-0000", "contents": "1950 Southern 500, Race report, Qualifying\nDriver Jerry Kempf overturned during qualifying, becoming the first NASCAR driver to flip on Darlington's surface. Prior to the accident, however, he posted a time that placed him 34th on the grid.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 42], "content_span": [43, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067945-0009-0000", "contents": "1950 Southern 500, Race report, Qualifying\nDrivers who failed to qualify for the race were Dorothy Shull, Bill Bennett, Lewis Hawkins, Pap White, Louise Smith, and Pat Sutton. The fastest qualifying speed was 82.034 miles per hour or 132.021 kilometres per hour by Wally Campbell while the slowest speed was 74.637 miles per hour or 120.117 kilometres per hour by Bill Widenhouse. Herb Thomas did qualify for the race beforehand. Apparently, the car was on the grid until just before the race when it was repossessed, counting as an automatic withdrawal for Thomas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 42], "content_span": [43, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067945-0010-0000", "contents": "1950 Southern 500, Race report, Qualifying\nPee Wee Martin and Bob Smith would retire from professional stock car racing after this event. Byron Beatty, Walt Crawford, P.E. Godfrey, Bill Henson, Pete Keller, Jerry Kempf, Lee Morgan, Dick Soper, and Jack Yardley made their only NASCAR start in this event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 42], "content_span": [43, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067945-0010-0001", "contents": "1950 Southern 500, Race report, Qualifying\nWeldon Adams, Roy Bentley, Jack Carr, Gene Comstock, Gene Darragh, John DuBoise, Carson Dyer, Joe Eubanks, Johnny Grubb, J.E. Hardie, Tex Keene, Bub King, Virgil Livengood, Hub McBride, Hershel McGriff, Bill Osborne, Barney Smith, Rollin Smith, Jesse James Taylor, Charles Tidwell, Murrace Walker, Bill Widenhouse and Shorty York would begin their NASCAR career at this race; sparking the first generation of stock car drivers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 42], "content_span": [43, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067945-0011-0000", "contents": "1950 Southern 500, Race report, Analysis\nU.S. Senator Strom Thurmond was the official marshal for the 1950 Southern 500.  while 25,000 spectators packed every available spot of the grandstands.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 40], "content_span": [41, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067945-0012-0000", "contents": "1950 Southern 500, Race report, Analysis\nThe top prize for the race was $10,510 ($113,052 when adjusted for inflation) while the lowest prize was $100 ($1,076 when adjusted for inflation) for 72nd-75th place. Seventy-five cars competed in this era of relatively unregulated racing for a total of $25,325 in winnings ($272,410 when adjusted for inflation). It is pretty incredible, especially for this era to see more than 50 cars out of the 75 starters were still running on lap 300 of 400.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 40], "content_span": [41, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067945-0013-0000", "contents": "1950 Southern 500, Race report, Analysis\nOther entries for manufacturers included Oldsmobile, Cadillac, Mercury, Ford, Buick, Pontiac, Nash, Lincoln, Studebaker, and Kaiser. There was no entry for Chevrolet vehicles during that race, probably because Chevrolet wasn't considered a fast car until the 1955 V8 models.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 40], "content_span": [41, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067945-0014-0000", "contents": "1950 Southern 500, Race report, Analysis\nThe other top ten finishers included: Fireball Roberts, Red Byron, Bill Rexford, Chuck Mahoney, Lee Petty, Cotton Owens, Bill Blair, Hershel McGriff, and George Hartley. Hershel McGriff might have been the last living driver from this event; having attained the advanced age of 88 years old as of August 11, 2016.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 40], "content_span": [41, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067945-0015-0000", "contents": "1950 Southern 500, Race report, Analysis\nGober Sosebee led the first four laps, Curtis Turner, the polesitter, then led until lap 22, before being wrecked out of the race on lap 275 with a significant amount of roof damage. After Turner lost the lead, Cotton Owens lead for 23 laps. After that, Mantz led to the finish. Mantz had taken advantage of an offer from Firestone to test a tire designed for asphalt stock car racing. While some cars used over 60 tires to go the remainder of the race, Mantz kept increasing his lead, winning by over nine laps.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 40], "content_span": [41, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067945-0015-0001", "contents": "1950 Southern 500, Race report, Analysis\nThe total time of the race was six hours, thirty-eight minutes, and forty seconds. The average speed was 75.250 miles per hour (121.103\u00a0km/h) while the pole position speed was 82.034 miles per hour (132.021\u00a0km/h). Two cautions lasted thirteen laps. Four hundred laps were done spanning 1.250 miles (2.012\u00a0km). Most of the known DNFs in the race were caused by crashes, the worst of which saw drivers Tex Keene, Curtis Turner, and Jack Smith all rolling their cars over the course of the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 40], "content_span": [41, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067945-0016-0000", "contents": "1950 Southern 500, Race report, Analysis\nNotable crew chiefs were Bud Moore, Buddy Elliott, Julian Buesink and Rod McLean. Their drivers were Joe Eubanks, Tim Flock, Bill Rexford, George Hartley, Jim Paschal and Buck Baker.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 40], "content_span": [41, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067945-0017-0000", "contents": "1950 Southern 500, Race report, Analysis\nFor the average car in the race, the tire load unleashed on the tires on the new, paved circuit was too much on the tires, whether it was a Firestone or a random dirt tire; at least enough to get a good run on them. A legend spread around that teams were so desperate to get new tires that they would steal the tires from parking lots and the infield from the spectators. The race is considered to be the first \"tire disaster\" in NASCAR history, with the next major tire disaster being the 1969 Talladega 500.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 40], "content_span": [41, 550]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067945-0018-0000", "contents": "1950 Southern 500, Results, Finishing order\n* Driver is known to have failed to finish the race  ^ Indicates the driver definitely finished the race  The presence of neither * nor ^ indicates that the driver's finishing status is not known.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 43], "content_span": [44, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067946-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Southern Conference Baseball Tournament\nThe 1950 Southern Conference Baseball Tournament was held in Greensboro, North Carolina from May 26 through 28, as the conference's final event of the 1950 NCAA baseball season. This was the league's first baseball championship tournament, and predates modern Southern Conference baseball records which begin with the 1954 baseball season. The South Division's top seed Wake Forest won the tournament. Despite Wake Forest's win, Clemson participated in the District III Playoffs, falling in both games against Southeastern Conference foes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 584]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067946-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Southern Conference Baseball Tournament, Seeding\nThe top two teams from each division participated in the tournament. Complete standings are not available, but the teams below all fielded baseball teams within the Southern Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 53], "content_span": [54, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067947-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Southern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament\nThe 1950 Southern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament took place from March 1\u20133, 1950 at the Duke Indoor Stadium in Durham, North Carolina. The North Carolina State Wolfpack, led by head coach Everett Case, won their fifth Southern Conference title and received the automatic berth to the 1950 NCAA Tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067947-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Southern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament, Format\nThe top eight finishers of the conference's seventeen members were eligible for the tournament. Teams were seeded based on conference winning percentage. The tournament used a preset bracket consisting of three rounds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 60], "content_span": [61, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067948-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Southern Illinois Maroons football team\nThe 1950 Southern Illinois Maroons football team was an American football team that represented Southern Illinois University (now known as Southern Illinois University Carbondale) in the Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (IIAC) during the 1950 college football season. Under first-year head coach Bill Waller, the team compiled a 3\u20135\u20131 record. The team played its home games at McAndrew Stadium in Carbondale, Illinois.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067949-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Southern Jaguars football team\nThe 1950 Southern Jaguars football team was an American football team that represented Southern University in the 1950 college football season. In their 15th season under head coach Ace Mumford, the Jaguars compiled a 10\u20130\u20131 record, won the SWAC championship, shut out seven of 11 opponents, and outscored all opponents by a total of 276 to 26. The team played its home games at University Stadium in Baton Rouge, Louisiana.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067949-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Southern Jaguars football team\nThe team was recognized as the black college national co-champion. The only setback was a scoreless tie with Jake Gaither's national co-champion Florida A&M. In the final Dickinson rankings, three undefeated black colleges received the following point totals: Florida A&M (28.76); Southern (28.50); and Maryland State (28.00). However, Florida A&M lost to Wilberforce in the Orange Blossom Classic, after the final Dickinson rankings were released.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067950-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Southwestern Louisiana Bulldogs football team\nThe 1950 Southwestern Louisiana Bulldogs football team was an American football team that represented the Southwestern Louisiana Institute of Liberal and Technical Learning (now known as the University of Louisiana at Lafayette) in the Gulf States Conference during the 1950 college football season. In their first year under head coach A. L. Swanson, the team compiled a 5\u20134 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067951-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Soviet Class B\nThe 1950 Soviet football championship Class B was the 10th season of the Soviet football championship second tier and inaugural season of the Class B (predecessor of Soviet First League). In 1950 the Soviet football championship renamed its two tiers from Groups First and Second to Classes A and B.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067951-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Soviet Class B, Organization\nThe league was reduced from a multi-group tournament to single group to which were grandfathered seven teams from last season \"Central Zone\" and one team from every other zones, also two more teams were promoted. Many teams from last season were forced into relegation to their respective republican competitions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067951-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Soviet Class B, Relegation play-off, Ukrainian SSR\nTo the play-off qualified the champion of the 1950 Football Championship of the Ukrainian SSR and the worst Ukrainian team of masters of the 1950 Soviet Class B.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 55], "content_span": [56, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067951-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Soviet Class B, Relegation play-off, Russian SFSR\nWorst team of the Russian SFSR qualified for relegation playoff. Both matches were taken place in Makhachkala. The city of Kalinin were champions of the 1950 Football Championship of the Russian SFSR.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 54], "content_span": [55, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067951-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Soviet Class B, Relegation play-off, Russian SFSR\nFor 1950 MVO Moscow was stationed in city of Kalinin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 54], "content_span": [55, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067952-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Soviet Cup\nThe 1950 Soviet Cup was an association football cup competition of the Soviet Union.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067953-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Soviet Top League\nFollowing are the results of the 1950 Soviet Top League football championship. Nineteen teams took part in the competition, with CDKA Moscow winning the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067954-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Soviet Union legislative election\nElections to the Supreme Soviet were held in the Soviet Union on 12 March 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067954-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Soviet Union legislative election, Electoral system\nCandidates had to be nominated by the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (CPSU) or by a public organisation. However, all public organisations were controlled by the party and were subservient to a 1931 law that required them to accept party rule. The CPSU itself remained the only legal party in the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 56], "content_span": [57, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067954-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Soviet Union legislative election, Electoral system\nVoters could in theory vote against the CPSU candidate, but could only do so by using polling booths, whereas votes for the party could be cast simply by submitting a blank ballot. Turnout was required to be over 50% for the election to be valid.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 56], "content_span": [57, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067954-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Soviet Union legislative election, Candidates\nCPSU candidates accounted for around three quarters of the nominees, whilst many of the others were members of Komsomol.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 50], "content_span": [51, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067955-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Speedway National League\nThe 1950 National League Division One was the 16th season of speedway in the United Kingdom and the fifth post-war season of the highest tier of motorcycle speedway in Great Britain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067955-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Speedway National League, Summary\nBristol Bulldogs joined the league. Wembley Lions won the National League for the fifth time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067955-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Speedway National League, Summary\nThe Odsal Boomerangs became the Odsal Tudors during the season, the name change came at the end of July, possibly as a consequence of the events of 1 July. On 1 July 1950, 47-year-old Joe Abbott was killed instantly following a crash at Odsal Stadium in a league match against West Ham Hammers. After falling and hitting the safety fence he was hit by a rider behind. A second rider was killed on the same night in a division 2 fixture.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067955-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Speedway National League, National Trophy Stage Three\nThe 1950 National Trophy was the 13th edition of the Knockout Cup. The Trophy consisted of three stages; stage one was for the third division clubs, stage two was for the second division clubs and stage three was for the top tier clubs. The winner of stage one would qualify for stage two and the winner of stage two would qualify for the third and final stage. Wimbledon Dons won the third and final stage and were therefore declared the 1950 National Trophy champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 58], "content_span": [59, 529]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067955-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Speedway National League, National Trophy Stage Three, Final, Second leg\nWimbledon were National Trophy Champions, winning on aggregate 119\u201397, the trophy was presented by Vera Lynn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 77], "content_span": [78, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067956-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Speedway National League Division Three\nThe 1950 National League Division Three was the fourth season of British speedway's National League Division Three", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067956-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Speedway National League Division Three\nThe league was reduced from 13 teams to 10. Halifax Dukes, Plymouth, Yarmouth and Hanley had all moved up to Division Two whilst Hastings Saxons dropped out. The two new sides were Aldershot Shots and St Austell Gulls whilst Tamworth changed their nickname from 'Hounds' to 'Tammies'.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067956-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Speedway National League Division Three\nOxford Cheetahs, who had finished bottom of the table during their inaugural league season in 1949, rose spectacularly up the league to win the title. The Oxford team was made up from an entirely new set of riders including Harry Saunders, signed as captain from Tamworth for \u00a3750, Pat Clarke from Rayleigh for \u00a3250, Bill Osborne from Walthamstow, Raymond Buster Brown from Wembley and Eric Irons from Cradley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067956-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Speedway National League Division Three, National Trophy Stage Three\nThe 1950 National Trophy was the 13th edition of the Knockout Cup. The Trophy consisted of three stages; stage one was for the third division clubs, stage two was for the second division clubs and stage three was for the top tier clubs. The winner of stage one would qualify for stage two and the winner of stage two would qualify for the third and final stage. Oxford won stage one and therefore qualified for stage two.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 73], "content_span": [74, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067957-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Speedway National League Division Two\nThe 1950 National League Division Two was the fifth post-war season of the second tier of motorcycle speedway in Great Britain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067957-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Speedway National League Division Two, Summary\nThe League was extended again to 15 teams with the promotion from Division Three of Halifax Dukes, Plymouth, Yarmouth and Hanley. Bristol Bulldogs, champions for the previous two seasons, moved up to Division One.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 51], "content_span": [52, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067957-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Speedway National League Division Two, Summary\nOn 1 July 1950, two riders were killed on the same night. Jock Shead riding for Halifax Dukes was killed at The Firs Stadium, (the third rider in four years to be killed at the track) during the semi final of the National Trophy. Shead's bike collided with another bike and he somersaulted before landing, he was take to hospital but died shortly afterwards. A second rider was killed on the same night in a division 1 fixture.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 51], "content_span": [52, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067957-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Speedway National League Division Two, National Trophy Stage Two\nThe 1950 National Trophy was the 13th edition of the Knockout Cup. The Trophy consisted of three stages; stage one was for the third division clubs, stage two was for the second division clubs and stage three was for the top tier clubs. The winner of stage one would qualify for stage two and the winner of stage two would qualify for the third and final stage. Halifax won stage two and therefore qualified for stage three.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 69], "content_span": [70, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067958-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Sporting Record Masters' Snooker Tournament\nThe 1950 Sporting Record Masters' Snooker Tournament was a professional snooker tournament sponsored by the Sporting Record newspaper. Entry was restricted to past finalists in the World Snooker Championship. The tournament was won by Joe Davis with Sidney Smith finishing in second place. It was the only time the tournament was held.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067958-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Sporting Record Masters' Snooker Tournament, Format\nThe event was a round-robin snooker tournament and was played from 3 April to 10 June 1950. All matches were played at Leicester Square Hall in London. Initially there were 5 competitors and a total of 10 matches were planned. The competitors were Joe Davis, Fred Davis, Walter Donaldson, Horace Lindrum and Sidney Smith. Each match lasted six days and was the best of 70 frames. Three points were available for each match, one for winner of the match, one for leader after the first 35 frames and one for the winner over the last 35 frames.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 56], "content_span": [57, 598]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067958-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Sporting Record Masters' Snooker Tournament, Format\nEach player was given a handicap at the start of the tournament. The handicaps were: Joe Davis, Fred Davis and Donaldson: 0, Smith: 21 and Lindrum: 23. The player with the higher handicap received a start in each frame, being the difference between the two handicaps.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 56], "content_span": [57, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067958-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Sporting Record Masters' Snooker Tournament, Format\nHorace Lindrum withdrew from the event complaining about his overly generous handicap of 23 points which would give the public the wrong impression about his ability. It was also announced that Lindrum had retired from snooker but Lindrum later issued a statement stating that he had not retired \"in any sense whatever.\" His elder daughter Jan was born in London during the period when Lindrum should have been playing his first match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 56], "content_span": [57, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067958-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Sporting Record Masters' Snooker Tournament, Results\nThe original 10-week schedule was retained, despite Lindrum's withdrawal. This meant that there were 4 weeks when no match was played. The first match was played over 5 days rather than 6 because Good Friday fell on 7 April. The first 35 frames finished after the afternoon session on the Wednesday. After 5 days of the Sidney Smith/Fred Davis match Smith was leading 41\u201318 with a 19\u20135 lead in the second half of the match. The final score for Sidney Smith versus Fred Davis was 46\u201324.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 57], "content_span": [58, 543]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067959-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 St. Bonaventure Bonnies football team\nThe 1950 St. Bonaventure Bonnies football team, sometimes also referred to as the St. Bonaventure Brown Indians, was an American football team that represented St. Bonaventure University during the 1950 college football season. In its first season under head coach Joe Bach, the team compiled a 7\u20132 record and outscored opponents by a total of 253 to 148. The team played its home games at Forness Stadium in Olean, New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067959-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 St. Bonaventure Bonnies football team\nQuarterback Ted Marchibroda led the team on offense. He set Eastern passing records with 176 passing yards against Xavier on Thanksgiving Day and 1,577 passing yards for the season. The season mark broke the prior record set by Paul Governali in 1942.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067959-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 St. Bonaventure Bonnies football team\nStan Zajdel and John Breslin were the team's co-captains. Assistant coaches included Russ Thomas (line coach) and Hugo Marcolini (backfield coach).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067960-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 St. Louis Browns season\nThe 1950 St. Louis Browns season involved the Browns finishing 7th in the American League with a record of 58 wins and 96 losses.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067960-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 73], "content_span": [74, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067960-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067960-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067960-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 68], "content_span": [69, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067960-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 69], "content_span": [70, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067961-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 St. Louis Cardinals season\nThe 1950 St. Louis Cardinals season was the team's 69th season in St. Louis, Missouri and its 59th season in the National League. The Cardinals went 78\u201375 during the season and finished 5th in the National League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067961-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 76], "content_span": [77, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067961-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 69], "content_span": [70, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067961-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 74], "content_span": [75, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067961-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067961-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 72], "content_span": [73, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067962-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Stanford Indians football team\nThe 1950 Stanford Indians football team represented Stanford University in the 1950 college football season. Stanford was led by sixth-year head coach Marchmont Schwartz. The team were members of the Pacific Coast Conference and played their home games at Stanford Stadium in Stanford, California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067962-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Stanford Indians football team\nComing off the successful 1949 season in which a talented group of sophomores, led by quarterback Gary Kerkorian and end Bill McColl, had the Indians a game away from the Rose Bowl, Stanford was expected to have an excellent season and was ranked 7th in the first-ever preseason AP Poll. But after starting 4\u20130, the team would only win one more game and tie twice, the second tie coming in the Big Game, in which the team rallied to tie undefeated and Rose Bowl-bound rival California. Coach Schwartz resigned following the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 567]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067963-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Stanley Cup Finals\nThe 1950 Stanley Cup Finals was contested by the New York Rangers and the Detroit Red Wings. It was the Rangers' first appearance in the Finals since their Stanley Cup victory in 1940. The Red Wings would win the series 4\u20133 to mark their franchise's fourth Cup win, and first since 1943.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067963-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Stanley Cup Finals\nThis was the last Stanley Cup Finals to feature a team that did not host any games and also the last to feature neutral site games until 2020. The neutral site games were held in Toronto on account of scheduling conflicts at Madison Square Garden.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067963-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Stanley Cup Finals, Paths to the Finals\nNew York defeated the Montreal Canadiens 4\u20131 to reach the Finals. Detroit defeated the three-time defending champion Toronto Maple Leafs (who had swept the Red Wings in the Finals two years running) 4\u20133 to reach the Finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067963-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Stanley Cup Finals, Game summaries\nTwo games were played in Toronto as the circus had taken over Madison Square Garden in New York. New York's Don Raleigh scored two overtime winners and Pete Babando scored the Cup-winning goal in double overtime of game seven, the first time ever in which the Stanley Cup was won in extra frames in game seven. Detroit won the Cup without Gordie Howe, injured in the first game of the playoffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 39], "content_span": [40, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067963-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Stanley Cup Finals, Game summaries\nAs Stanley Cup runner-up, the Rangers were awarded the O'Brien Cup, and they became the last team to win this trophy, which was retired after the season. Originally, the O'Brien Cup was the championship trophy of the National Hockey Association, the NHL's precursor, and later awarded to the NHL champion before the league took over control of the Stanley Cup in 1927.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 39], "content_span": [40, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067963-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Stanley Cup Finals, Stanley Cup engraving\nThe 1950 Stanley Cup was presented to Red Wings captain Sid Abel by NHL President Clarence Campbell following the Red Wings 4\u20133 double overtime win over the Rangers in game seven.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 46], "content_span": [47, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067963-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 Stanley Cup Finals, Stanley Cup engraving\nThe following Red Wings players and staff had their names engraved on the Stanley Cup", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 46], "content_span": [47, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067963-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 Stanley Cup Finals, Stanley Cup engraving, Players\n\u2020 Left off the cup, but qualified to be on it.a Played his only NHL game in Finals.b Played his only NHL game in Semi-Finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 55], "content_span": [56, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067964-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Star World Championship\nThe 1950 Star World Championship was held in Chicago, United States in 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067964-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Star World Championship, Results\nLegend: DNS \u2013 Did not start; DSA \u2013 Disabled; DSQ \u2013 Disqualified; WDR \u2013 Withdrew;", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067965-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 State of the Union Address\nThe 1950 State of the Union Address was given by Harry S. Truman, the 33rd president of the United States, on Wednesday, January 4, 1950. He spoke to the 81st United States Congress, to the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate. It was a joint session, and the 160th address given. He said, \"Our aim for a peaceful, democratic world of free peoples will be achieved in the long run, not by force of arms, but by an appeal to the minds and hearts of men.\" He also said, Our Social Security System should be developed into the main reliance of our people for basic protection against the economic hazards of old-age, unemployment, and illness.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 703]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067966-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Sudbury municipal election\nThe 1950 Sudbury municipal election was held on December 4, 1950, as voters in Sudbury, Ontario, and its outlying communities voted to elect mayors, alderman, school trustees, the hydro commissioner and the reeve of McKim Township. In addition the voters were asked to decide on three propositions, whether to allow Sunday sport, ash collection and a two-year term for municipal elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067966-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Sudbury municipal election\nAt this time the city was divided into three wards; Fournier, McCormick and Ryan. Three aldermen were elected for each ward. They were selected by choosing the top three contestants with the highest number of recorded ballots (i.e those contestants who place first, second and third).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067966-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Sudbury municipal election\nThe municipal election of 1950 represented the start of a key shift in the demographic of city council. It was in this election that citizens of Sudbury elected two women to serve as alderman for the first time in the city\u2019s history. They were Grace Hartman, who would later become the city's first woman mayor, and Dr. Faustina Kelly Cook.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067966-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Sudbury municipal election\nOn an interesting side note, William S. Beaton, the incumbent, ran against Peter Fenton, the mayor of Sudbury from 1930 to 1932.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067966-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Sudbury municipal election, Results\nThe results are taken from the December 5, 1950, edition of the Sudbury Daily Star.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 40], "content_span": [41, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067967-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Sugar Bowl\nThe 1950 Sugar Bowl featured the second ranked Oklahoma Sooners and the 9th ranked LSU Tigers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067967-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Sugar Bowl\nPrior to the game, former LSU player Piggy Barnes was caught spying on Oklahoma practices with a telescope and a camera.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067967-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Sugar Bowl\nAfter a scoreless first quarter, Leon Heath scored on touchdown runs of 86 and 34 yards in the second quarter, as Oklahoma built a 14\u20130 lead. He would finish the game with 170 yards on 15 carries with two scores. In the third quarter, Pearson threw a 34-yard touchdown pass to Thomas as Oklahoma extended its lead to 21\u20130. In the fourth quarter, Thomas and Royal scored on runs of 5 yard each as Oklahoma won 35\u20130. Leon Heath was named Sugar Bowl MVP.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067968-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Sun Bowl\nThe 1950 Sun Bowl was a college football postseason bowl game between the Texas Western Miners and the Georgetown Hoyas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067968-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Sun Bowl, Background\nThe Miners finished 3rd in the Border Conference in Curtice's final year with the team, as they tried to get their first Sun Bowl victory. This was Georgetown's second and final bowl game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 25], "content_span": [26, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067968-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Sun Bowl, Aftermath\nThe Miners made four Sun Bowls in the decade, along with two more in the next decade. Curtice left for Utah after the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 24], "content_span": [25, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067969-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Svenska Cupen\nSvenska Cupen 1950 was the tenth season of the main Swedish football Cup. A significant achievement was made by third division Fagerviks GF who reached the semi-finals before their winning sequence came to an end. The competition was concluded on 23 July 1950 with the Final, held at R\u00e5sunda Stadium, Solna in Stockholms l\u00e4n. AIK won 3-2 against Helsingborgs IF before an attendance of 14,154 spectators.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067969-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Svenska Cupen, Second round\nThe 8 matches in this round were played on 2 July 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 32], "content_span": [33, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067969-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Svenska Cupen, Quarter-finals\nThe 4 matches in this round were played on 9 July 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 90]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067969-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Svenska Cupen, Semi-finals\nThe semi-finals in this round were played on 16 July 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 31], "content_span": [32, 90]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067969-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Svenska Cupen, Final\nThe final was played on 23 July 1950 at the R\u00e5sunda Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 25], "content_span": [26, 86]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067970-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Sverdlovsk plane crash\nThe Sverdlovsk plane crash of 5 January 1950 killed all 19 persons on board, including almost the entire ice hockey team (VVS Moscow) of the Soviet Air Forces \u2013 11 players, as well as a team doctor and a masseur. The team was on board a twin-engined Lisunov Li-2 transport aircraft, a licensed Soviet-built version of the DC-3, heading to a match against the Dzerzhinets (Chelyabinsk) (Traktor Chelyabinsk) hockey club. Due to poor weather at Chelyabinsk, the flight diverted to Sverdlovsk. The crew attempted four approaches but during the fifth approach to Koltsovo Airport at Sverdlovsk in the Soviet Union's Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, the aircraft crashed near the airport in a heavy snowstorm with strong winds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 763]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067970-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Sverdlovsk plane crash\nAmong those killed in the crash was goalkeeper Harijs Mellups.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 90]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067971-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Swedish Ice Hockey Championship\nThe 1950 Swedish Ice Hockey Championship was the 27th season of the Swedish Ice Hockey Championship, the national championship of Sweden. Djurgardens IF won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067972-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Swiss Grand Prix\nThe 1950 Swiss Grand Prix, formally titled the Gro\u00dfer Preis der Schweiz f\u00fcr Automobile, was a Formula One motor race held on 4 June 1950 at Bremgarten. It was race four of seven in the 1950 World  Championship of Drivers. The 42-lap race was won by Alfa Romeo driver Nino Farina after he started from second position. His teammate Luigi Fagioli finished second and Talbot-Lago driver Louis Rosier came in third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067972-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Swiss Grand Prix, Report\nThe fourth round of the Championship took place just three weeks after the series began at Silverstone (with Monaco and Indianapolis having taken place on consecutive weekends). Once again the event proved to be a battle between the Alfa Romeo factory 158s of Giuseppe Farina, Juan Manuel Fangio and Luigi Fagioli and the Scuderia Ferraris of Alberto Ascari, Luigi Villoresi (who had the latest model with de Dion rear suspension, twin overhead camshaft engine and 4-speed gearbox), Raymond Sommer and Peter Whitehead. There were a number of uncompetitive Talbot-Lagos and Maseratis as usual.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 29], "content_span": [30, 622]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067972-0001-0001", "contents": "1950 Swiss Grand Prix, Report\nJos\u00e9 Froil\u00e1n Gonz\u00e1lez was out of action as a result of burns he had received after the first lap accident at Monaco Grand Prix. Also out of action as a result of the crash was Maserati factory driver Franco Rol. This was the last race to be entered by pre-war racer Eug\u00e8ne Martin. It was also the first and only World Championship Grand Prix for Nello Pagani, better known for his exploits in Grand Prix motorcycle racing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 29], "content_span": [30, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067972-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Swiss Grand Prix, Report\nIn qualifying Fangio and Farina were well clear of Fagioli with Villoresi and Ascari sharing the second row of the 3-2-3 grid. Peter Whitehead, Franco Rol, Reg Parnell and Rudi Fischer failed to qualify. In the race, on the first lap Ascari managed to get among the Alfa Romeos but he quickly slipped back and it was left to the Alfas to battle. Fangio led early on but then Farina went ahead through a faster refuelling stop. Fagioli was unable to keep up and after both Villoresi and Ascari retired it was left to Prince Bira to run fourth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 29], "content_span": [30, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067972-0002-0001", "contents": "1950 Swiss Grand Prix, Report\nHe had to refuel and so Philippe \u00c9tancelin in a Talbot-Lago was able to move into fourth place. Shortly afterwards, factory Talbot-Lago driver Eug\u00e8ne Martin crashed heavily and was seriously hurt when he was thrown from the car. \u00c9tancelin later went out with gearbox trouble and so Talbot-Lago factory driver Louis Rosier moved into fourth. He was promoted to third when Fangio retired on lap 33 with an electrical problem. Farina became the first driver to win multiples Grands Prix, after winning the inaugural World Championship Grand Prix.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 29], "content_span": [30, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067973-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Swiss motorcycle Grand Prix\nThe 1950 Swiss motorcycle Grand Prix was the fourth race of the 1950 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on the weekend of 23 July 1950 in Geneva.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067974-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Swiss referendums\nFive referendums were held in Switzerland during 1950. The first was held on 29 January on extending a federal resolution on promoting housebuilding, and was rejected by voters. The second was held on 4 June on the federal budget, and was also rejected by voters. The third was held on 1 October on a popular initiative \"for the protection of ground and labour by prohibiting speculation\", and was rejected by voters. The final two were held on 3 December on revising article 72 of the constitution regarding the election of the National Council and a federal resolution on financial order between 1951 and 1954. Both were approved by voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 665]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067974-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Swiss referendums, Background\nThe January referendum was an optional referendum, and required only a majority of votes in favour. The other four referendums all required double majorities; a majority of the popular vote and majority of the cantons. The decision of each canton was based on the vote in that canton. Full cantons counted as one vote, whilst half cantons counted as half.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067975-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race\nThe 1950 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race, was the sixth annual running of the \"blue water classic\" Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067975-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race\nHosted by the Cruising Yacht Club of Australia based in Sydney, New South Wales, the 1950 edition began on Sydney Harbour, at noon on Boxing Day (26 December 1950), before heading south for 630 nautical miles (1,170\u00a0km) through the Tasman Sea, past Bass Strait, into Storm Bay and up the River Derwent, to cross the finish line in Hobart, Tasmania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067975-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race\nThe 1950 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race comprised a fleet of 16 competitors. Margaret Rintoul, skippered by AW Edwards won line honours in a time of 5 days, 5 hours and 28 minutes. Colin Haselgrove's Nerida, was awarded handicap honours on adjusted time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067975-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race, 1950 fleet\n16 yachts registered to begin the 1950 Sydney to Hobart Yacht race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067976-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Syracuse Orangemen football team\nThe 1950 Syracuse Orangemen football team represented Syracuse University in the 1950 college football season. The Orangemen were led by second-year head coach Ben Schwartzwalder and played their home games at Archbold Stadium in Syracuse, New York. Syracuse finished the season with a 5\u20135 record and were not invited to a bowl game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067977-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 S\u00e3o Paulo FC season\nThe 1950 football season was S\u00e3o Paulo's 21st season since club's existence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067978-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 TANFL season\nThe 1950 Tasmanian Australian National Football League (TANFL) premiership season was an Australian Rules football competition staged in Hobart, Tasmania over twenty (20) roster rounds and four (4) finals series matches between 15 April and 7 October 1950. On 7 August 1950, the TANFL admitted the Clarence and New Norfolk District Football Clubs' as permanent members of the TANFL competition after they were admitted as probationary members in 1947.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067978-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 TANFL season, Participating Clubs, TANFL Under-19's Grand Final\nNote: Macalburn were affiliated to Hobart, Buckingham were affiliated to New Town.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 68], "content_span": [69, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067978-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 TANFL season, Participating Clubs, Interstate Matches\nSee \u2013 1950 Australian National Football CarnivalAustralian National Football Carnival (Wednesday, 19 July 1950)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 58], "content_span": [59, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067978-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 TANFL season, 1950 TANFL Ladder, Round 14\nNote: Bernie Waldron kicked a then Hobart Football Club record of 14 goals in this match, later breaking the record again on 30 August 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 46], "content_span": [47, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067979-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 TCU Horned Frogs football team\nThe 1950 TCU Horned Frogs football team represented Texas Christian University (TCU) in the 1950 college football season. The Horned Frogs finished the season 5\u20135 overall and 3\u20133 in the Southwest Conference. The team was coached by Dutch Meyer in his seventeenth year as head coach. The Frogs played their home games in Amon G. Carter Stadium, which is located on campus in Fort Worth, Texas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067980-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Tampa Spartans football team\nThe 1950 Tampa Spartans football team represented the University of Tampa in the 1950 college football season. It was the Spartans' 14th season. The team was led by head coach Frank Sinkwich, in his first year, and played their home games at Phillips Field in Tampa, Florida. They finished with a record of five wins and four losses (5\u20134).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067980-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Tampa Spartans football team\nOn March 1, 1950, Frank Sinkwich was hired by Tampa to serve as the Spartans' head coach after the resignation of Mike Gaddis. The season opened with a victory at Camp Lejeune and a loss against Jacksonville State before the Spartans won their first home game of the season against Wofford. Tampa then won their next game over Stetson before they lost their second game of the season to Appalachian State. After a pair of home victories over Livingston State and Delta State, Tampa closed the season with a pair of road losses. The first came against Marine Corps Base Quantico and the second against Florida State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 649]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067981-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Tangerine Bowl\nThe 1950 Tangerine Bowl was an American college football bowl game played after the 1949 season, on January 2, 1950, at the Tangerine Bowl stadium in Orlando, Florida. The game was the fourth annual Tangerine Bowl, now known as the Citrus Bowl, and saw the Saint Vincent defeat the Emory and Henry, 7\u20136. Both teams had entered the bowl undefeated. This game was the second Tangerine Bowl where MVP honors were awarded; they were given to fullback Don Henigin of Saint Vincent and quarterback Chick Davis of Emory and Henry.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 543]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067981-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Tangerine Bowl, Game summary\nThe only scoring was two touchdowns in the second quarter. Saint Vincent scored first, and converted their extra point for a 7\u20130 lead. Emory and Henry scored a touchdown as well, but missed the extra point, leaving the score 7\u20136 at halftime. After a scoreless second half, the missed extra point proved to be the margin of victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067982-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Tasmanian state election\nThe 1950 Tasmanian state election was held on 6 May 1950 in the Australian state of Tasmania to elect 30 members of the Tasmanian House of Assembly. The election used the Hare-Clark proportional representation system \u2014 six members were elected from each of five electorates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067982-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Tasmanian state election\nFollowing the 1948 election, Premier Robert Cosgrove and the Labor Party remained in government with the support of independent MHA Bill Wedd. At the 1950 election, Cosgrove was seeking another term in office against the opposition Liberal Party, which had replaced Neil Campbell with Rex Townley as leader in February 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067982-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Tasmanian state election\nAt the election, Labor retained 15 seats in the House of Assembly, and the Liberals regained one seat previously held by an independent, whilst Rex Townley, formerly an Independent Liberal, retained his seat as a Liberal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067982-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Tasmanian state election, Results\nTasmanian state election, 6 May 1950House of Assembly << 1948\u20131955 >>", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067983-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Team Speedway Polish Championship\n1950 Team Speedway Polish Championship season was the third season and is used to determine the Team Polish Champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067983-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Team Speedway Polish Championship, Rules\nIn First and Second League, matches were played with part three teams. It made up team four riders plus one reserve. Events consisted of 12 races. In one day were played three three-cornered matches. For winning a match a team received 3 points, for second place 2 points and for third 1 point. In every heat the score was 4\u20133\u20132\u20131 and 0 in a no-completion heat. The drivers with main squad of a team started in the match four times. The quantity of small points was added up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 45], "content_span": [46, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067984-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Temple Owls football team\nThe 1950 Temple Owls football team was an American football team that represented Temple University as an independent during the 1950 college football season. In its second season under head coach Albert Kawal, the team compiled a 4\u20134\u20131 record and outscored opponents by a total of 173 to 132. The team played its home games at Temple Stadium in Philadelphia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067985-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Tennessee A&I Tigers football team\nThe 1950 Tennessee A&I Tigers football team represented Tennessee Agricultural & Industrial State College as a member of the Midwest Athletic Association (MAA) during the 1950 college football season. In their seventh season under head coach Henry Kean, the Tigers compiled a 9\u20132 record and outscored opponents by a total of 267 to 80. The Dickinson System rated Tennessee A&I as the No. 4 black college football team for 1950 with a score of 25.56, behind only Florida A&M (28.76), Southern (28.50), and Maryland State (2800). The team played its home games in Nashville, Tennessee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 623]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067986-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Tennessee Volunteers football team\nThe 1950 Tennessee Volunteers football team represented the University of Tennessee in the 1950 college football season. Led by head coach Robert Neyland, the Volunteers lost only one game, a 7\u20130 upset at Mississippi State  in the second game of the season. The Vols handed #3 Kentucky, coached by Bear Bryant, its only loss and defeated #3 Texas in the Cotton Bowl Classic en route to an 11\u20131 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067986-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Tennessee Volunteers football team\nBig Seven champion Oklahoma finished the regular season 10\u20130 and was named national champions by the AP Poll, but lost to Kentucky, whom Tennessee earlier defeated, in the Sugar Bowl. Tennessee was the only top five team that year to win their bowl game. Tennessee was named national champion by NCAA-designated major selectors of Billingsley, DeVold, Dunkel, College Football Researchers Association, and National Championship Foundation, while named co-champion by Sagarin (ELO-Chess).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067986-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Tennessee Volunteers football team, Prominent players\nThe 1950 Tennessee team featured Hank Lauricella, the following season's Heisman Trophy runner-up, and Doug Atkins, a future member of both the College Football Hall of Fame and the Pro Football Hall of Fame. In addition, guard Ted Daffer and tackle Bill \"Pug\" Pearman were named as All-Americans in 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 58], "content_span": [59, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067987-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Tennessee gubernatorial election\nThe 1950 Tennessee gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1950. Incumbent Democrat Gordon Browning defeated Independent John Randolph Neal Jr. with 78.09% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067988-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Texas A&M Aggies football team\nThe 1950 Texas A&M Aggies football team represented Texas A&M University in the 1950 college football season as a member of the Southwest Conference (SWC). The Aggies were led by head coach Harry Stiteler in his third season and finished with a record of seven wins and four losses (7\u20134 overall, 3\u20133 in the SWC) and with a victory over Georgia in the Presidential Cup Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067989-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Texas Longhorns baseball team\nThe 1950 Texas Longhorns baseball team represented the University of Texas in the 1950 NCAA baseball season. The Longhorns played their home games at Clark Field. The team was coached by Bibb Falk in his 8th season at Texas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067989-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Texas Longhorns baseball team\nThe Longhorns won the College World Series, defeating the Washington State Cougars in the championship game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067990-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Texas Longhorns football team\nThe 1950 Texas Longhorns football team represented the University of Texas in the 1950 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067990-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Texas Longhorns football team\nFor the September 30th game against Purdue, Texas chose to wear their White uniforms at home, this would be the last time they would wear white at home for 70 years until October 24, 2020.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067991-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Texas Tech Red Raiders football team\nThe 1950 Texas Tech Red Raiders football team represented Texas Tech during the 1950 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067992-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Texas Western Miners football team\nThe 1950 Texas Western Miners football team was an American football team that represented Texas Western College (now known as University of Texas at El Paso) as a member of the Border Conference during the 1950 college football season. In its first season under head coach Mike Brumbelow, the team compiled a 7\u20133 record (4\u20132 against Border Conference opponents), finished third in the conference, and outscored all opponents by a total of 272 to 232.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067993-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Texas gubernatorial election\nThe 1950 Texas gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067993-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Texas gubernatorial election\nIncumbent Democratic Governor Allan Shivers defeated Republican nominee Ralph W. Currie with 89.93% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067994-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 The Citadel Bulldogs football team\nThe 1950 The Citadel Bulldogs football team represented The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina in the 1950 college football season. J. Quinn Decker served as head coach for the fifth season. The Bulldogs played as members of the Southern Conference and played home games at Johnson Hagood Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067995-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1950 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship was the 60th staging of the Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Tipperary County Board in 1887. The championship began on 1 October 1950 and ended 26 November 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067995-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship\nOn 26 November 1950, Borris-Ileigh won the championship after a 2-07 to 2-03 defeat of Carrick Davins in the final at Thurles Sportsfield. It was their second championship title overall and their second title in succession.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067996-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Titleholders Championship\nThe 1950 Titleholders Championship was contested from March 16\u201319 at Augusta Country Club. It was the 11th edition of the Titleholders Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067997-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Toledo Rockets football team\nThe 1950 Toledo Rockets football team was an American football team that represented Toledo University during the 1950 college football season. In their first and only season under head coach Bob Snyder, the Rockets compiled a 4\u20135 record and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 234 to 200.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067998-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Torneo di Viareggio\nThe 1950 winners of the Torneo di Viareggio (in English, the Viareggio Tournament, officially the Viareggio Cup World Football Tournament Coppa Carnevale), the annual youth football tournament held in Viareggio, Tuscany, are listed below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067998-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Torneo di Viareggio, Format\nThe 12 teams are organized in knockout rounds, all played single tie. The four foreign teams had a bye to the quarter finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 32], "content_span": [33, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00067999-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Toronto Argonauts season\nThe 1950 Toronto Argonauts season was the 61st season for the team since the franchise's inception in 1873. The team finished in second place in the Interprovincial Rugby Football Union with a 6\u20135\u20131 record and qualified for the playoffs for the first time since their Grey Cup win in 1947. The Argonauts defeated the Hamilton Tiger-Cats in a two-game total-points IRFU Final series before winning the Eastern Final over the Toronto Balmy Beach Beachers. The Argonauts faced the Winnipeg Blue Bombers at Varsity Stadium in the Grey Cup for the fourth time in six years in the now-infamous Mud Bowl. Toronto won their ninth Grey Cup by a score of 13\u20130 in what is currently the last time a team was shut out in championship game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 756]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068000-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Tour de France\nThe 1950 Tour de France was the 37th edition of the Tour de France, taking place from 13 July to 7 August. It consisted of 22 stages over 4,773\u00a0km (2,966\u00a0mi).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068000-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Tour de France\nGino Bartali, captain of the Italian team, threatened and assaulted by some French supporters accusing him to have caused Jean Robic's fall on the Col d'Aspin, retired after winning the 12th stage from Pau to Saint-Gaudens and left the race together with all the other Italian riders (including Fiorenzo Magni, who was wearing the yellow jersey). The lead transferred to Swiss cyclist Ferdinand K\u00fcbler, who was able to keep the lead until the end of the race. K\u00fcbler became the first Swiss winner of the Tour de France.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068000-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Tour de France\nThe mountains classification was won by Louison Bobet, while the Belgian team won the team classification.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068000-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Tour de France\nAlgerian-French cyclist Abdel-Kader Zaaf became famous in this Tour de France by being so disoriented that he rode in the wrong direction.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068000-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Tour de France, Innovations and changes\nThe \"interest\" for the yellow jersey (the prize money for the leader of the general classification after each stage) was increased to 100.000 French Francs. In 1949, the French TV had reported every evening about the Tour de France, and in 1950, live coverage of every stage was given. The time cut-offs, the maximum time a cyclist was allowed to finish a stage, was reduced.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 44], "content_span": [45, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068000-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Tour de France, Innovations and changes\nIn the previous years, the Tour de France had been decided in the mountains. The organisation wanted the other aspects of the race to be more important, so some mountains were not visited in 1950, and the time bonification for cyclists that reached mountain tops first was reduced. from 1 minute in 1949 to 40 seconds in 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 44], "content_span": [45, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068000-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 Tour de France, Innovations and changes\nThe riders had sometimes been helped by team assistants who directly assisted the riders by pushing them from within the team cars, under the pretence of supplying them with a drink. In 1950, the Tour organisation paid extra care for this, and penalised the cyclists if it happened.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 44], "content_span": [45, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068000-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 Tour de France, Innovations and changes\nThe prize for winning a stage was increased from 30.000 French Francs to 50.000 French Francs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 44], "content_span": [45, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068000-0008-0000", "contents": "1950 Tour de France, Teams\nAs was the custom since the 1930 Tour de France, the 1950 Tour de France was contested by national and regional teams. The three major cycling countries in 1950, Italy, Belgium and France, each sent a team of 10 cyclists. Other countries sent teams of 6 cyclists: Switzerland, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. Italy and Belgium also sent two extra teams of young riders of 6 cyclists each. The French regional cyclists were divided into five teams of 10 cyclists: Paris, \u00cele-de-France/North-East, West, Centre/South-West and South-East.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 26], "content_span": [27, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068000-0008-0001", "contents": "1950 Tour de France, Teams\nOriginally, the plan was to have one extra international team of six cyclists with Spanish cyclists, but this extra team became a North African team, with Moroccan and Algerian cyclists; at the time, portions of Morocco were a French protectorate, and Algeria was an integral part of France. This was the first African team to compete in the Tour de France. Altogether this made 116 cyclists.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 26], "content_span": [27, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068000-0009-0000", "contents": "1950 Tour de France, Teams\nThere were 60 French cyclists (of which 2 French-Moroccan and 4 French-Algerian), 22 Italian, 16 Belgian, 6 Dutch, 6 Luxembourg and 6 Swiss cyclists. On the first day of the race, before the Tour had started, French cyclist Charles Coste was replaced by Paul Giguet.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 26], "content_span": [27, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068000-0010-0000", "contents": "1950 Tour de France, Pre-race favourites\nThe winner of the previous Tour de France, Fausto Coppi, was injured during the 1950 Giro d'Italia, so he could not defend his title. Still the Italians were favourites, especially Gino Bartali, who had come second in the 1950 Giro d'Italia behind Hugo Koblet, who did not enter the 1950 Tour de France. Other candidates for the victory were Bobet, K\u00fcbler, Ockers and Geminiani. Two days before the Tour started, the organisation held a poll amongst 25 journalists, who each gave their eight favourites for the victory. Bartali was on the most lists, 23. Robic was written on 20 lists, Lauredi on 19, Bobet and Goldschmidt on 17.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 40], "content_span": [41, 670]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068000-0011-0000", "contents": "1950 Tour de France, Route and stages\nThe 1950 Tour de France started on 13 July, and had four rest days, in Dinard, Pau, Nice and Saint-\u00c9tienne. The route had been revealed in January 1950. The highest point of elevation in the race was 2,360\u00a0m (7,740\u00a0ft) at the summit of the Col d'Izoard mountain pass on stage 18.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 37], "content_span": [38, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068000-0012-0000", "contents": "1950 Tour de France, Race overview\nThe start of the 1950 Tour de France was given on 13 July by Orson Welles. Things started well for the Italian team, as they won five of the first ten stages, although the yellow jersey for the leader of the general classification was exchanged between Luxembourgian Jean Goldschmit and French Bernard Gauthier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068000-0013-0000", "contents": "1950 Tour de France, Race overview\nThe sixth stage was won by Swiss cyclist Ferdinand K\u00fcbler. During the race, K\u00fcbler had changed jerseys, which gave him 25 seconds penalty time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068000-0014-0000", "contents": "1950 Tour de France, Race overview\nIn the eleventh stage, the first mountain stage of the race, Gino Bartali was away together with French Jean Robic. There was a lot of crowd, and they pressed forward to see the cyclist coming. This caused Bartali to fall down during the descent of the Col d'Aspin, and this caused Robic to also fall down. Bartali got up and won the stage, but felt threatened by spectators, who punched and kicked him. One spectator had threatened Bartali with a knife.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 489]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068000-0014-0001", "contents": "1950 Tour de France, Race overview\nBartali told his team manager Alfredo Binda that he was leaving the Tour de France, and that all Italian cyclists should abandon the race. Not all Italian cyclists wanted to leave: the members from the second Italian team (the Italian Cadets) and Adolfo Leoni wanted to stay. Some Italian cyclists said they wanted to stay in the race to help Magni defend the leading position. Magni felt bad about giving up the chance to win the Tour de France, but accepted the decision.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068000-0014-0002", "contents": "1950 Tour de France, Race overview\nThe Tour organisation wanted to keep the Italian cyclists in the race, and among other compromises offered to give them neutral gray jerseys, so the spectators would not recognize them. None of this helped, and both Italian teams left the race. As a consequence, the fifteenth stage, that was originally scheduled to end in Italy (Sanremo), was rescheduled to end in Menton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068000-0015-0000", "contents": "1950 Tour de France, Race overview\nWith Magni out of the race, Swiss Ferdinand K\u00fcbler became the new leader of the general classification, closely followed by Bobet and Geminiani. Out of respect for Magni, K\u00fcbler did not wear the yellow jersey (indicating the leader in the general classification) in the 12th stage. In the twelfth stage, all the favourites finished together. That stage was won by Belgian Maurice Blomme, but not without difficulties: he was so exhausted that he mistook a dark shadow for the finish line, and stopped racing. The secretary of the Tour de France, Jean Garnault, had to put him back on his bicycle so he would ride the last meters of the stage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 677]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068000-0016-0000", "contents": "1950 Tour de France, Race overview\nIn that stage thirteen, the temperature was extremely high. Two riders from the North African team, Marcel Molin\u00e8s and Abdel-Kader Zaaf, broke away after 15 kilometers, and created a large gap, also because the other cyclists were more occupied with getting drinks. Some 20 kilometers from the finish, Zaaf started to zigzag across the road. A safety official pulled him from the race, afraid for his safety, and Molin\u00e8s rode through alone. Zaaf did not agree with the safety official, and mounted his bicycle again.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068000-0016-0001", "contents": "1950 Tour de France, Race overview\nHe quickly fell off his bicycle and fell asleep, and spectators moved him into the shade of a tree. When he woke up, he realised that he was in a race, got on his bicycle again and rode away, but going into the wrong direction. An ambulance was called, and Zaaf was taken away. Zaaf claimed that he had received wine from a spectator, and as a Muslim he was not used to the alcohol. Behind the two North-African cyclists, K\u00fcbler had attacked, and left his rivals Rapha\u00ebl G\u00e9miniani and Louison Bobet minutes behind. Of the favourites, only Ockers managed to stay with K\u00fcbler.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068000-0017-0000", "contents": "1950 Tour de France, Race overview\nIn stage fifteen, it was still hot, and the riders were not motivated to race. They stopped during the race to cool down in the Mediterranean Sea, but were quickly ordered by Jacques Goddet to continue the race. The journalists that followed the race reported on this in a humorous way, and the organisation therefore fined them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068000-0018-0000", "contents": "1950 Tour de France, Race overview\nIn the sixteenth stage, Ockers and Bobet finished shortly after K\u00fcbler. The Tour de France jury said Bobet came in second, and gave him the 30 seconds bonification time, but the Belgian team manager Sylv\u00e8re Maes protested against this decision, because he argued that Ockers came in second. Maes threatened to take the Belgian team out of the race, but the Tour direction did not change their decision. In the end, the Belgian team stayed in the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068000-0019-0000", "contents": "1950 Tour de France, Race overview\nSecond placed rider in the general classification, Ockers was unable to win back time in later stages, so K\u00fcbler stayed in the lead for the rest of the race, and became the first Swiss winner of the Tour de France.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068000-0020-0000", "contents": "1950 Tour de France, Race overview\nK\u00fcbler's victory is seen as partially his own accomplishment, but also partially due to the absence of Fausto Coppi and the withdrawal of the Italian teams. According to K\u00fcbler, it became more difficult to win the race after the Italians had left the race, because the attention was no longer focussed on the Italians, but on K\u00fcbler. K\u00fcbler felt that he would have been able to win the 1950 Tour de France if the Italians would have not abandoned, because he was the best in the time trials.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068000-0021-0000", "contents": "1950 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes\nThe time that each cyclist required to finish each stage was recorded, and these times were added together for the general classification. If a cyclist had received a time bonus, it was subtracted from this total; all time penalties were added to this total. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey. The total prize money in the 1950 Tour de France was 14 million French Francs; 1 million French Francs were for the winner of the general classification. Of the 116 cyclists that started the 1959 Tour de France, 51 finished the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 63], "content_span": [64, 654]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068000-0022-0000", "contents": "1950 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes\nPoints for the mountains classification were earned by reaching the mountain tops first. The system was the same as in 1949: there were two types of mountain tops: the hardest ones, in category 1, gave 10 points to the first cyclist, the easier ones, in category 2, gave 5 points to the first cyclist, and the easiest ones, in category 3, gave 3 points. Louison Bobet won this classification after having led the classification almost the entire race, although he only reached 2 of the 14 mountain tops first.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 63], "content_span": [64, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068000-0023-0000", "contents": "1950 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes\nThe team classification was calculated by adding the times in the general classification of the best three cyclists per team. It was won by the Belgian team, with a large margin over the French team. Of the other four teams that started, the two Italian teams had abandoned the race, and the North African team finished with only two riders and the Dutch team with only one rider, therefore they were ineligible for the team classification. The Souvenir Henri Desgrange was given in honour of Tour founder Henri Desgrange to the first rider to pass the summit of the Col du Lautaret on stage 19. This prize was won by Apo Lazarid\u00e8s. The special award for the best regional rider was won by sixth-placed Kl\u00e9ber Piot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 63], "content_span": [64, 779]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068000-0024-0000", "contents": "1950 Tour de France, Aftermath\nThe French-Algerian cyclist Zaaf, who fell out in the thirteenth stage after riding into the wrong direction, became famous, and got to ride in many criteriums, until he left two years later to Algeria. K\u00fcbler did not enter the next three Tours de France, but when he returned in 1954, he finished in second place, and won the green jersey for the points classification.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 30], "content_span": [31, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068001-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Tour de Romandie\nThe 1950 Tour de Romandie was the fourth edition of the Tour de Romandie cycle race and was held from 18 May to 21 May 1950. The race started and finished in Geneva. The race was won by \u00c9douard Fachleitner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068002-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Tour de Suisse\nThe 1950 Tour de Suisse was the 14th edition of the Tour de Suisse cycle race and was held from 24 June to 1 July 1950. The race started and finished in Z\u00fcrich. The race was won by Hugo Koblet.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068003-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Tour of Flanders\nThe 34th running of the Tour of Flanders cycling classic was held on Sunday, 2 April 1950. Italian Fiorenzo Magni won the race with a two-minute lead over Briek Schotte. Frenchman Louis Caput was third at more than nine minutes. It was Magni's second consecutive victory in the Tour of Flanders. 21 of 220 riders finished.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068003-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Tour of Flanders, Route\nThe race started in Ghent and finished in Wetteren \u2013 totaling 275 km. The course featured five categorized climbs:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 28], "content_span": [29, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068004-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Trinidad and Tobago general election\nGeneral elections were held in Trinidad and Tobago on 18 September 1950. The result was a victory for the Butler Party, which won 6 of the 18 seats. Voter turnout was 70.1%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068005-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Tufts Jumbos baseball team\nThe 1950 Tufts Jumbos baseball team represented the Tufts University in the 1950 NCAA baseball season. The team was coached by John Ricker in his 4th season at Tufts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068005-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Tufts Jumbos baseball team\nThe Jumbos reached the College World Series, but were eliminated by the Texas Longhorns in the quarterfinals, where they were no-hit by Jim Ehrler.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068006-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Tulane Green Wave football team\nThe 1950 Tulane Green Wave football team represented Tulane University as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) during the 1950 college football season. Led by fifth-year head coach Henry Frnka, the Green Wave played their home games at Tulane Stadium in New Orleans. Tulane finished the season with an overall record of 6\u20132\u20131 and a mark of 3\u20131\u20131 in conference play, placing fourth in the SEC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068006-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Tulane Green Wave football team, After the season\nThe 1951 NFL Draft was held on January 18\u201319, 1951. The following Green Wave players were selected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 54], "content_span": [55, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068007-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Tulsa Golden Hurricane football team\nThe 1950 Tulsa Golden Hurricane football team represented the University of Tulsa during the 1950 college football season. In their fifth year under head coach Buddy Brothers, the Golden Hurricane compiled a 9\u20131\u20131 record (3\u20130\u20131 against Missouri Valley Conference opponents) and was ranked No. 18 in the final AP Poll. The team won victories over Oklahoma A&M (27-13), Texas Tech (39-7), Arkansas (28-13), and Houston (28-21), lost to the San Francisco Dons (14-23), and tied Detroit (13-13).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068008-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Turkish Football Championship\nThe 1950 Turkish Football Championship was the 15th edition of the competition. It was held in June. G\u00f6ztepe won their first and only national championship title by winning the Final Group in \u0130zmir.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068008-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Turkish Football Championship\nThe champions of the three major regional leagues (Istanbul, Ankara, and \u0130zmir) qualified directly for the Final Group. \u0130zmit Ka\u011f\u0131tspor qualified by winning the qualification play-off, which was contested by the winners of the regional qualification groups.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068009-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Turkish National Division\nThe 1950 National Division was the 11th and last edition of the Turkish National Division. Fenerbah\u00e7e won their 6th title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068010-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Turkish general election\nGeneral elections were held in Turkey on 14 May 1950, using the multiple non-transferable vote electoral system. The result was a landslide victory for the opposition Democrat Party, which won 408 of the 487 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068011-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 T\u00eate de l'Obiou C-54 crash\nThe T\u00eate de l'Obiou accident was an airliner crash in France on 13 November 1950. Curtiss-Reid Flying Service had been operating a scheduled service between Paris and Rome since 1945. On 13 November 1950, a Paris-bound Douglas C-54B-1-DC aircraft crashed on the Grande T\u00eate de l'Obiou mountain, 48\u00a0km (30\u00a0mi) south of Grenoble. All 51 passengers and 7 crew were killed. The aircraft was 50 miles (80\u00a0km) off course.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068011-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 T\u00eate de l'Obiou C-54 crash\nFlight attendant Helen Johnston's body was missing for weeks until it was found in a crevasse on the mountain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068011-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 T\u00eate de l'Obiou C-54 crash, Accident narrative\nThe aircraft was carrying fifty-one pilgrims, all but two of whom were Canadians and fifteen of whom were Catholic priests, on the return leg to Montreal Dorval airport from a Holy Year pilgrimage in Rome. After departing Rome Ciampino at 14:16, it crossed the Mediterranean via Bastia in Corsica, whence the flight plan called for it to pass over the Istres non-directional beacon. Whereas the crew reported its position at Istres at 16:26, the aircraft was already some 40 nautical miles to the east.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 51], "content_span": [52, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068011-0002-0001", "contents": "1950 T\u00eate de l'Obiou C-54 crash, Accident narrative\nA second position report, at 16\"44, put it over Montelimar, whereas it was in reality in the vicinity of the airport at Gap-Tallard. Some fifteen minutes later, the aircraft struck the top of the 9,150-feet high T\u00eate de l'Obiou mountain, less than six feet from the summit. Night was falling and the mountain was enveloped by cloud at the time of the accident. All on board were killed instantly. Alpine rescuers soon reached the scene notwithstanding severe conditions, one being killed by an avalanche during the ascent. However, the ruggedness of the terrain and the high impact forces greatly impeded the recovery operation. Fifteen of the dead were never identified. In July 1951, six Italian forest workers were prosecuted for looting the crash site and stealing money, jewellery and religious objects from the wreckage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 51], "content_span": [52, 878]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068012-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 U.S. National Championships (tennis)\nThe 1950 U.S. National Championships (now known as the US Open) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the West Side Tennis Club, Forest Hills in New York City, United States. The tournament ran from 25 August until 5 September. It was the 70th staging of the U.S. National Championships, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of the year. A highlight of that year's tournament was Margaret Osborne du Pont's triple crown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068012-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Men's Singles\nArt Larsen defeated  Herb Flam 6\u20133, 4\u20136, 5\u20137, 6\u20134, 6\u20133", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 64], "content_span": [65, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068012-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Men's doubles\nJohn Bromwich /  Frank Sedgman defeated  Bill Talbert /  Gardnar Mulloy 7\u20135, 8\u20136, 3\u20136, 6\u20131", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 64], "content_span": [65, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068012-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Women's doubles\nLouise Brough /  Margaret Osborne duPont defeated  Shirley Fry /  Doris Hart 6\u20132, 6\u20133", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 66], "content_span": [67, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068012-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Mixed doubles\nMargaret Osborne duPont /   Ken McGregor defeated  Doris Hart /  Frank Sedgman 6\u20134, 3\u20136, 6\u20133", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 64], "content_span": [65, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068013-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nArthur Larsen defeated Herbie Flam 6\u20133, 4\u20136, 5\u20137, 6\u20134, 6\u20133 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1950 U.S. National Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068013-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Men's Singles, Seeds\nThe tournament used two lists of ten players for seeding the men's singles event; one for U.S. players and one for foreign players. Arthur Larsen is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 55], "content_span": [56, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068014-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Women's Singles\nFirst-seeded Margaret Osborne duPont defeated Doris Hart 6\u20133, 6\u20133 in the final to win the Women's Singles tennis title at the 1950 U.S. National Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068014-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Women's Singles, Seeds\nThe six seeded U.S. players are listed below. Margaret Osborne duPont is the champion; others show in brackets the round in which they were eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 57], "content_span": [58, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068015-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 U.S. Open (golf)\nThe 1950 U.S. Open was the 50th U.S. Open, held June 8\u201311 at the East Course of Merion Golf Club in Ardmore, Pennsylvania, a suburb northwest of Philadelphia. In what became known as the \"Miracle at Merion,\" 1948 champion Ben Hogan won the second of his four U.S. Open titles in an 18-hole playoff over 1946 champion Lloyd Mangrum and George Fazio, just 16 months after being severely injured in an automobile accident. It was the fourth of Hogan's nine major titles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 489]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068015-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 U.S. Open (golf)\nLee Mackey established a new tournament record by shooting a 64 in the first round, but followed that up with an 81 and finished in 25th place. His score of 64 was not bettered in any other major championship for 23 years, until Johnny Miller closed with a 63 at the U.S. Open in 1973 to win at Oakmont. Tommy Armour, three-time major champion and winner in 1927, played in his final major and missed the cut.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068015-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 U.S. Open (golf)\nThis was the second U.S. Open played at Merion's East Course, which previously hosted sixteen years earlier in 1934, won by Olin Dutra. Opened in 1912, the course was the site of the U.S. Amateur in 1916, 1924, and 1930; the first was the debut of Bobby Jones at age 14 (quarterfinalist) and the latter two he won. The 1930 victory was the fourth and final leg of his grand slam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068015-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 U.S. Open (golf)\nHogan made his U.S. Open debut at Merion in 1934 at age 21. He shot 79 (+9) twice and missed the 36-hole cut by three strokes. He made his first cut at the U.S. Open in 1939 and did not miss another; his last was in 1967 at age 54.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068015-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 U.S. Open (golf), Round summaries, Final round\nMangrum began the final round with a one-shot lead over Dutch Harrison and a two-stroke lead over Hogan, defending champion Cary Middlecoff, and Johnny Palmer. Fazio was the first to post 287 (+7) after an even-par 70. Mangrum struggled early in his round, carding six bogeys on the first seven holes and shot 76 (+6), which also left him at 287. Hogan had a chance to win the tournament in regulation  but missed a short putt for par at 15 and then bogeyed the par-3 17th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 51], "content_span": [52, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068015-0004-0001", "contents": "1950 U.S. Open (golf), Round summaries, Final round\nIn a three-way tie for the lead going to the difficult 18th, Hogan hit one of his most famous shots, a 1-iron approach to 40 feet (12\u00a0m). He two-putted for par to join Mangrum and Fazio in the Sunday playoff. Middlecoff and Palmer both shot 79 and fell to tenth place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 51], "content_span": [52, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068015-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 U.S. Open (golf), Round summaries, Playoff\nThe three players were within one stroke of each other as late as the 13th hole, with Hogan at even par and Fazio and Mangrum at one-over. Fazio bogeyed four of the last five holes to fall out of contention, while Hogan led Mangrum by a single stroke through 15. Mangrum's tee shot at 16 went into heavy rough but his third shot stopped 15 feet (4.6\u00a0m) from the hole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 47], "content_span": [48, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068015-0005-0001", "contents": "1950 U.S. Open (golf), Round summaries, Playoff\nAs he putted to save par, he picked up his ball to remove a bug that had landed on it, a violation of the rules (then rule 10, paragraph 2). Mangrum rolled it in, but was assessed a two-stroke penalty at the next tee; the double-bogey allowed Hogan to cruise to a four-stroke victory. Hogan had just one bogey, while Fazio had seven and Mangrum four, plus the double-bogey for the rules violation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 47], "content_span": [48, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068016-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 U.S. Women's Open\nThe 1950 U.S. Women's Open was the fifth U.S. Women's Open, held September 28 to October 1 at Rolling Hills Country Club in Wichita, Kansas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068016-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 U.S. Women's Open\nBabe Zaharias won the second of her three U.S. Women's Open titles, nine strokes ahead of runner-up Betsy Rawls, an amateur. Defending champion Louise Suggs finished in solo third. Zaharias entered the final round with a four stroke lead over Rawls. It was the seventh of ten major championships for Zaharias, and Rawls won the title the following year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068016-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 U.S. Women's Open\nThe formation of the LPGA was announced during this championship, which was not run by the United States Golf Association (USGA) until 1953. The U.S. Women's Open returned to Wichita five years later in 1955 at Wichita Country Club.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068017-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 UCI Road World Championships\nThe 1950 UCI Road World Championships took place in Moorslede, Belgium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068018-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 UCI Road World Championships \u2013 Men's road race\nThe men's road race at the 1950 UCI Road World Championships was the 17th edition of the event. The race took place on Sunday 20 August 1950 in Moorslede, Belgium. The race was won by Briek Schotte of Belgium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068019-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 UCI Track Cycling World Championships\nThe 1950 UCI Track Cycling World Championships were the World Championship for track cycling. They took place in Rocourt, Belgium in 1950. Five events for men were contested, three for professionals and two for amateurs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068020-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 UCLA Bruins football team\nThe 1950 UCLA Bruins football team was an American football team that represented the University of California, Los Angeles during the 1950 college football season. In their second year under head coach Red Sanders, the Bruins compiled a 6\u20133 record (5\u20132 conference) and finished in third place in the Pacific Coast Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068021-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year\nThe 1950 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year was the 25th year of greyhound racing in the United Kingdom and Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068021-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Summary\nThe annual totalisator was \u00a370,408,231, a fourth consecutive drop since 1946. Seventy-one of the tracks were affiliated to the National Greyhound Racing Club (NGRC) which accounted for \u00a361,068,000 of the total. The drop at the 71 tracks constituted 18% and paid attendances were 21,549,000, a drop of 10%. The returns further increased the friction between the industry and the government, with the former blaming the tote tax cost of \u00a39,182,000 in addition to normal income tax on other areas of the business.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068021-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Summary\nBallymac Ball continued his exceptional form from 1949 by winning the English Greyhound Derby.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068021-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Tracks\nThe Boyne Valley Greyhound Stadium in Navan and Spennymoor Greyhound Stadium both open.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 47], "content_span": [48, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068021-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Competitions\nThe News of the World in association with the National Greyhound Racing Club announced plans to sponsor a national intertrack competition  Ballymac Ball who had been phenomenal during the Laurels the year before and 1,000 Guineas and Trafalgar Cup champion Ballycurren Garrett.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068021-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Competitions\nBallycurren Garrett made amends for his disappointing Derby showing when travelling to Cardiff Arms Park and lifting the Welsh Greyhound Derby crown. Drumgoon Boy was five lengths adrift in second and Red Wind finish fifth despite starting at odds of 11-10. The time of 29.22 recorded by Ballycurren Garrett broke the existing track record. In Scotland, the third Derby event of the year was won by Wembley\u2019s Behattans Choice, who held off veteran West End Dasher for a comfortable win. Behattans Choice a brindle dog and Westend Dasher a fawn dog were both trained by Bob Burls and he made the decision to take the pair over to Ireland for the Irish Greyhound Derby.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 721]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068021-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Competitions\nThe newly crowned Derby champion Ballymac Ball successfully defended his Laurels title and was then retired to stud.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068021-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, News\nA vaccine is eventually found for hard pad disease, better known as distemper. Francis Gentle, vice chairman of the Greyhound Racing Association (GRA) and chairman of the Association for the Protection for Copyright in Sport proposes to prohibit the televising of all sports until the law changes. The 1950 movie The Blue Lamp is filmed at White City.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 45], "content_span": [46, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068021-0008-0000", "contents": "1950 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, News\nDrumgoon Boy and Red Wind, two champions were now under the training of Fred Trevillion after their owner/trainer Frank Davis was undergoing an investigation in relation to 'ringing' (running a greyhound in a false name). Frank Davis was found guilty of running the brilliant Red Wind without proof of pedigree along with another greyhound called Rindiffin D. The court believed Red Wind to be a former Irish pup called Waggles, a fact disputed by Davis. Nevertheless Davis was imprisoned for fraud and all of his greyhounds disqualified by the NGRC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 45], "content_span": [46, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068021-0009-0000", "contents": "1950 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, News\nThe introduction of a new trainers licence went ahead; it was called a C Licence and would allow private trainers to run their greyhounds in graded racing at tracks in addition to the resident trainers. Oxford Stadium was the first track to experiment with the scheme. Also at Oxford the continuing problem of taxation was evident when they announced that during the first eleven months of the year they had paid \u00a321,595 tote tax, \u00a39,459 bookmaker tax and \u00a34,152 entertainment duty forcing owner Leslie Calcutt to make the announcement that they would close during December until further notice.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 45], "content_span": [46, 641]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068021-0010-0000", "contents": "1950 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, News\nThe Instaprint photo finish and timer that was tested at Wimbledon Stadium was given the seal of approval to use throughout Britain  and weighing scales became mandatory at all tracks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 45], "content_span": [46, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068021-0011-0000", "contents": "1950 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, News\nFrederick Johnson is finally issued a private trainers licence, the breeder from Tarpoley in Cheshire had been refused a licence since 1946. His Rushton News made the Irish Laurels final in 1948 and Johnson has plans to breed with him. He does breed and rear litter by Mad Tanist, out of Summer Frock which includes Rushton Smutty. Rushton News will soon sire a greyhound called Rushton Spot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 45], "content_span": [46, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068021-0012-0000", "contents": "1950 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Ireland\nMayo dog Crossmolina Rambler claimed the 1950 Irish Greyhound Derby and Spanish Chestnut won a second successive Irish Laurels.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068022-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 UMass Redmen football team\nThe 1950 UMass Redmen football team represented the University of Massachusetts Amherst in the 1950 college football season as a member of the Yankee Conference. The team was coached by Thomas Eck and played its home games at Alumni Field in Amherst, Massachusetts. UMass finished the season with a record of 3\u20135 overall and 1\u20131 in conference play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068023-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships\nThe 1950 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships men's competition took place between June 23\u201325 at Byrd Stadium on the campus of the University of Maryland in College Park, Maryland. The women's division held their championships separately at the newly opened Hopper Field in Freeport, Texas. The decathlon was held a week later in Tulare, California, where Olympic champion Bob Mathias set his first world record on his home track.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068023-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships\nThe Marathon championships were run in October at the Yonkers Marathon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068024-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 USC Trojans football team\nThe 1950 USC Trojans football team represented the University of Southern California (USC) in the 1950 college football season. In their ninth year under head coach Jeff Cravath, the Trojans compiled a 2\u20135\u20132 record (1\u20133\u20132 against conference opponents), finished in seventh place in the Pacific Coast Conference, and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 182 to 114.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068024-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 USC Trojans football team\nWilbur Robertson led the team in passing with 50 of 106 passes completed for 492 yards, one touchdown and eight interceptions. Al Carmichael led the team in rushing with 103 carries for 514 yards and two touchdowns. Harold Hatford was the leading receiver with 22 catches for 192 yards and one touchdown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068024-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 USC Trojans football team\nThree Trojans received honors from the Associated Press (AP), United Press (UP), or conference coaches on the 1950 All-Pacific Coast Conference football team: Johnny Williams, USC (Coaches-1 [defensive back]); Volney Peters, USC (AP-1 [defensive tackle]; Coaches-1 [offensive and defensive tackle]; UP-1); and Paul McMurtry, USC (Coaches-1 [guard]).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068025-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 USS Missouri grounding\nThe USS Missouri grounding occurred 17 January 1950 when the battleship USS\u00a0Missouri\u00a0(BB-63) ran aground while sailing out of Chesapeake Bay. No one was injured, but the battleship remained stuck for over two weeks before being freed from the sand. The ship was so damaged that she had to return to port and enter dry dock for repairs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068025-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 USS Missouri grounding\nAfter the battleship was freed, a naval court of inquiry found Captain William D. Brown and a handful of other naval officers guilty of negligence. Brown was moved down 250 places on the promotion list, effectively ending his naval career.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068025-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 USS Missouri grounding\nMissouri was repaired and reentered service with the active fleet shortly afterward. She would go on to serve in the Korean War before being decommissioned in 1954. She entered the Puget Sound Reserve Fleet in Bremerton, Washington, where she remained until being reactivated in 1984 as part of the 600-ship Navy plan put forth by then President Ronald Reagan and his Navy Secretary John Lehman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068025-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 USS Missouri grounding, Background\nMissouri was one of the  Iowa-class \"fast battleship\" designs planned in 1938 by the Preliminary Design Branch at the Bureau of Construction and Repair. She was laid down at the Brooklyn Navy Yard on 6 January 1941, launched on 29 January 1944 and commissioned on 11 June. The ship was the third of the Iowa class, but the fourth and final Iowa-class ship commissioned by the United States Navy. The ship was christened at her launching by Mary Margaret Truman, daughter of Harry S. Truman, then a United States senator from Missouri.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 574]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068025-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 USS Missouri grounding, Background\nMissouri was active in the Pacific Theatre of World War II, escorting the Fast Carrier Task Forces and shelling beachheads for Allied Army and Marine Corps personnel involved in amphibious operations against the Imperial Japanese forces. After the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki the Empire of Japan capitulated to Allied demands, signing the instrument of surrender to the allied powers aboard Missouri on 2 September 1945.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068025-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 USS Missouri grounding, Background\nBetween 1945 and 1950 the US fleet of battleships had been entirely decommissioned; however, Missouri was spared this fate due to the influence of now-President Truman, who refused to allow the battleship to be decommissioned, and against the advice of Secretary of Defense Louis Johnson, Secretary of the Navy John L. Sullivan, and Chief of Naval Operations Louis E. Denfeld, Truman ordered Missouri to be maintained with the active fleet partly because of his fondness for the battleship and partly because the battleship had been christened by his daughter. As a result, Missouri was involved in various training and flag waving exercises at home and abroad between World War II and the Korean War.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 741]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068025-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 USS Missouri grounding, Events leading to the accident\nIn October 1949, amid increasing political scrutiny, Missouri arrived at the Norfolk Naval Shipyard for three months of scheduled maintenance. During this period Captain Harold Page Smith was relieved by Captain William D. Brown. A graduate of Annapolis and veteran of 30 years, Captain Brown had amassed a distinguished record commanding submarines and destroyers, but had never commanded a ship the size of Missouri, and had not been to sea in a command capacity since World War II. Captain Brown formally assumed command of Missouri on 10 December, just ahead of the completion of maintenance work on the battleship. On 23 December, Brown took the battleship out for a brief trip around the Virginia Capes and returned to Norfolk on Christmas Eve. Her next scheduled departure was 17 January, at which time Missouri was to sail to Guantanamo Bay for maneuvers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 59], "content_span": [60, 923]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068025-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 USS Missouri grounding, Events leading to the accident\nOn 13 January, Brown received a request from the Naval Ordnance Laboratory for the Missouri to proceed through a channel in which the United States Navy had strewn acoustic cables as part of an ongoing project that aimed to identify ships by their propeller signatures. The request was entirely optional, but as the captain was preoccupied with the details of the upcoming sortie to Cuba he gave the letter little attention and instead referred the matter to his operations officer, Commander John R. Millett, who in turn referred the letter to the ship's navigator, Lieutenant Commander Frank G. Morris.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 59], "content_span": [60, 664]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068025-0008-0000", "contents": "1950 USS Missouri grounding, Events leading to the accident\nOn 14 January, Captain Brown and his operations and navigating officers met to discuss the upcoming cruise to Cuba and the details surrounding this cruise, and also talk briefly about the acoustical test they were to run. The ship was to pass between two orange-and-white-striped buoys that marked the entrance and exit from the range. The range itself was located precariously close to the \"danger bearing\"\u2014the shoal area in which the safe 50\u201360 feet (15\u201318\u00a0m) of water that could accommodate a ship shoaled to only 10\u201320 feet (3.0\u20136.1\u00a0m).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 59], "content_span": [60, 600]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068025-0008-0001", "contents": "1950 USS Missouri grounding, Events leading to the accident\nTo make matters worse, the range through which Missouri was to pass had originally been marked with five buoys, but this number had been reduced to two buoys two days prior to the arrival of Captain Brown. Morris was aware that three of the five buoys had been removed from the range, but had not received authorization to delete the non-existent buoys from the chart. Although informed of this during the conference, Captain Brown and Commander Millett left the conference under the mistaken belief that there were still five buoys marking the acoustical range.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 59], "content_span": [60, 622]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068025-0009-0000", "contents": "1950 USS Missouri grounding, Grounding\nAt 7:25 am 17 January 1950 Missouri set sail for the Atlantic Ocean with harbor pilot R. B. McCoy at the helm. Because of the better view afforded on the forward mast structure, the battleship was sailed through the Chesapeake Bay from the eighth level of the battleship's forward mast structure. At the time she had a full complement of ammunition and water, and her fuel tanks were 95% full, which brought Missouri's total displacement to 57,000\u00a0tons; she drew 35 feet (11\u00a0m) at her bow and 36\u00a0feet 9\u00a0inches (11.20\u00a0m) at her stern.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 38], "content_span": [39, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068025-0009-0001", "contents": "1950 USS Missouri grounding, Grounding\nAt 7:49 am, near the Elizabeth River Channel Buoy 3, the pilot turned control of the battleship over to Captain Brown and departed for shore. The weather was clear and Missouri was now free to run through the acoustic channel. Missouri sailed toward two red markers that Commander George Peckham believed marked the shoal water in the channel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 38], "content_span": [39, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068025-0010-0000", "contents": "1950 USS Missouri grounding, Grounding\nWith the departure of R. B. McCoy, Captain Brown assumed full command of Missouri. He ordered the battleship engines brought to two-thirds speed and order a course set for 053 on the recommendation of navigator, Lieutenant Commander Morris.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 38], "content_span": [39, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068025-0011-0000", "contents": "1950 USS Missouri grounding, Grounding\nAt 8:05 am, as Missouri sailed past Fort Wool, Captain Brown turned control of the ship (known in naval terms as the \"conn\" of the ship) over to the officer of the deck and departed for the chart house. His arrival at the chart house caused Ensign E. R. Harris, who had been tracking the battleship's course on the chart, to move away from the table, resulting in the interruption of the plot. Around the same time Captain Brown informed Commander Peckham that Missouri would soon run an acoustical range. This was the first time that the executive officer had heard about a planned acoustical range run.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 38], "content_span": [39, 643]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068025-0012-0000", "contents": "1950 USS Missouri grounding, Grounding\nApproximately two minutes after departing for the chart room, Captain Brown reemerged on the open bridge and reassumed the conn of the battleship. He summoned Lieutenants Hatfield and Arnold, Missouri's morning and forenoon officers of the watch, respectively, and informed them of the planned run through the acoustical range. As with Commander Peckham, this was the first time that either of these two men had heard anything about the planned acoustical test run.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 38], "content_span": [39, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068025-0012-0001", "contents": "1950 USS Missouri grounding, Grounding\nWhen Captain Brown noted their confused looks, he promptly informed the men to \"Go get yourselves informed\", at which point both officers reported to the chart room on level eight. There they learned of the impending run through the acoustical range by looking at the chart with the buoys marking the range; despite this, both remained confused over aspects of the planned run.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 38], "content_span": [39, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068025-0013-0000", "contents": "1950 USS Missouri grounding, Grounding\nAt 8:10\u00a0am Captain Brown ordered a course change to 060\u00a0degrees and informed the men that the conn for the battleship would remain on the eighth-level bridge until they cleared the course. This was unusual for Missouri, as the conn was usually shifted to the fourth-level bridge during the transit at the point when a ship passed Fort Wool and Old Point Comfort. The initial course change to 060 was altered to 058 as a result of a strong ocean current that swung Missouri too far to the right during the course correction.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 38], "content_span": [39, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068025-0014-0000", "contents": "1950 USS Missouri grounding, Grounding\nIt was at this point that the first indication that something was dangerously amiss during the transit occurred. The executive officer, who passed through the chart room while preparing for the shift change, noticed that Missouri was rapidly approaching the shoal water, and promptly told Morris \"For God's sake watch it!\" At the same time a discussion occurred on the eighth-level bridge as to whether it would be advisable for the battleship's speed to be increased to 15\u00a0knots.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 38], "content_span": [39, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068025-0014-0001", "contents": "1950 USS Missouri grounding, Grounding\nMorris and Millet differed in opinion on the idea; the former felt speed should be reduced five knots, and the latter felt that any steady speed held during the transition would be okay. Captain Brown therefore decided to increase speed to 15\u00a0knots, and the engine room replied by increasing power.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 38], "content_span": [39, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068025-0015-0000", "contents": "1950 USS Missouri grounding, Grounding\nAround the same time, Lieutenant Arnold located a small buoy with orange-and-white stripes 1,000 yards (910\u00a0m) away. Initially this buoy was identified as one of the acoustical range markers as a result of the letter \"B\" painted on it, but this information was not properly relayed to the rest of the crew. Mistakenly believing that this was the marker for the right side of the range, both Captain Brown and the battleship's operations officer agreed to order the battleship to pass to the left of the marker.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 38], "content_span": [39, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068025-0015-0001", "contents": "1950 USS Missouri grounding, Grounding\nBy then Missouri was sailing for the danger line marking the separation between the deep water of the channel into the shallow water of the shoals. This was made apparent when a pair of spar buoys marking the entrance to a shallow fishing channel appeared ahead of Missouri. Brown incorrectly identified these markers as the end of the acoustical range, but several of the quartermasters, as well as Commander Peckham, Lieutenant Arnold, and other officers knew this was an incorrect assumption. It was at this point the first recommendation to turn right was made by Morris, the navigator; Brown declined because of his mistaken belief that the markers for the fish channel were actually the end of the acoustical range. A similar recommendation from Commander Peckham also went unheeded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 38], "content_span": [39, 828]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068025-0016-0000", "contents": "1950 USS Missouri grounding, Grounding\nAround the same time in Missouri's  Combat Information Center (CIC) crew members manning the battleship's navigational radar system noticed that the radar returns indicated that Missouri was steaming for dangerous waters; however, the CIC crew did not report this information to the captain. Lieutenant John Carr, the officer on duty in the CIC at the time of the grounding, concluded that the radar equipment was likely not operating correctly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 38], "content_span": [39, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068025-0016-0001", "contents": "1950 USS Missouri grounding, Grounding\nCarr later explained the decision not to report the radar information by stating, \"the standard practice on board ship did not call for radar advice to the bridge in the absence of specific requests.\" He also pointed out that the fathometer, a water depth-reading instrument, was out of order and had not been repaired in the yard.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 38], "content_span": [39, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068025-0017-0000", "contents": "1950 USS Missouri grounding, Grounding\nAt 8:15 am Missouri crossed the danger bearing into the shoal water. At this time Commander Peckham sent a message to Captain Brown stating \"Ship heading into Danger shoals. Recommend you come right immediately! \", but this message was relayed by \"talkers\" (men charged with relaying messages for officers to different stations) and the talker who was supposed to pass Peckham's message to Brown had a tendency to mumble badly. At the same time Peckham was attempting to alert Brown of the impending grounding, Morris again approached Brown and recommended coming right to avoid the shoal water.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 38], "content_span": [39, 634]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068025-0017-0001", "contents": "1950 USS Missouri grounding, Grounding\nCaptain Brown did not recall being informed of this, and made no reply to Morris. At this point Morris took a bearing on Thimble Shoals, and alarmed at the impending grounding Morris frantically returned to the captain waving his arms and shouting \"Come right! There's shoal water ahead!\" A disbelieving Captain Brown dismissed Morris' pleas by stating that it was his belief that the navigator did not know where they were. To verify Morris' claims of impending shoal water, Brown asked Commander Millet to check Morris's position. As a precautionary move, Brown then ordered Quartermaster Travis, Missouri's helmsman, to alter course to 058, but this order came too late.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 38], "content_span": [39, 712]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068025-0018-0000", "contents": "1950 USS Missouri grounding, Grounding\nAt 8:17 am, Missouri slid up on a shoal (or mud bar) and stuck to the ground. In a last-ditch effort to save the ship, Peckham sent a message to Brown stating \"Come right immediately! Twist ship! \", but this effort was too little, too late; Missouri had already run aground. Her hull had traveled approximately 2,500 feet (760\u00a0m), which was very nearly the entire length of the shoal, raising the battleship several feet out of the water, and her engines were shut down after the bay sand began to clog the battleship's intakes in engineering.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 38], "content_span": [39, 582]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068025-0018-0001", "contents": "1950 USS Missouri grounding, Grounding\nShe had come to rest on an almost even keel on the sandbar within plain sight of \"Admirals Row\", the historic homes along Dillingham Boulevard at Naval Station Norfolk occupied by 18 flag officers of the United States Navy stationed at Hampton Roads, and the homes of a similar number of high-ranking officers of the United States Army stationed at Fort Monroe.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 38], "content_span": [39, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068025-0019-0000", "contents": "1950 USS Missouri grounding, Salvage\nBy 8:30 am a request went out summoning all available tugs to the site of the grounding with the hope that they would be able to free the leviathan before any further damage occurred. An attempt made by Missouri's sailors on the day of the grounding met with failure, as did an initial attempt to pull Missouri back into deep water with sixteen tugboats. Before the tugs could lend any further assistance, the naval brass postponed the attempt, pending the outcome of further assessment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 36], "content_span": [37, 524]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068025-0019-0001", "contents": "1950 USS Missouri grounding, Salvage\nMissouri had traversed the shoal nearly 2,500 feet, and to compound her problem she had run aground during an unusually high tide. To add insult to injury, she had become the butt of a number of bad jokes among the American public, the Navy's rival service branches, and the Soviet Union's Atlantic fleet, who were quick to pounce upon the dreadnought's grounding as material for the naval publication Red Fleet.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 36], "content_span": [37, 449]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068025-0020-0000", "contents": "1950 USS Missouri grounding, Salvage\nInitially, high-ranking US Navy officials elected to contract a private salvage firm to free the battleship, but Admiral Smith, at the time Commander, Cruisers, Atlantic, and the man who was responsible for issuing Missouri's orders disagreed with this plan. He reasoned that if the Navy got her on to the shoal, then they should be responsible for getting her off the shoal. Ultimately, he won his case for a US Navy salvage effort, but he was explicitly informed by officials at The Pentagon that his career would ride on his ability to successfully get Missouri back into deep water.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 36], "content_span": [37, 623]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068025-0020-0001", "contents": "1950 USS Missouri grounding, Salvage\nTo better organize the salvage effort, Smith and a number of men on his staff moved aboard Missouri to supervise her return to deep water. Smith's supervision also extended to answering the nearly 10,000 letters sent to the Navy from concerned citizens offering advice on how to get the battleship back into deep water.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 36], "content_span": [37, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068025-0021-0000", "contents": "1950 USS Missouri grounding, Salvage\nCommanding this salvage effort was Rear Admiral Homer N. Wallin. Wallin was the Navy Yard Commandant at Norfolk, and as a captain he had been instrumental in cleaning up the mess left by the Imperial Japanese Navy after the 7 December 1941 air raid that brought the United States into World War II. In total the salvage team that Wallin commanded successfully resurrected 19 of the 21 ships initially declared total losses and helped to refit those ships to serve in the Second World War. Wallin pledged to assist in the salvage effort, and initiated a five-point plan aimed at getting Missouri off the mud and back into the water:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 36], "content_span": [37, 668]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068025-0022-0000", "contents": "1950 USS Missouri grounding, Salvage\nBecause Missouri had run aground during an unusually high tide, Wallin required a date on which the tide would be roughly comparable to the conditions under which Missouri was grounded in order to free her. The date selected was 2 February. With time as a factor, Wallin took charge of the operation and put his five-point plan into motion. With the assistance of Admiral Smith, Wallin was able to assemble a large salvage force which included submarine rescue ships, special salvage ships, divers, and pontoons to add additional buoyancy for the tug boats when the time came to move Missouri.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 36], "content_span": [37, 630]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068025-0023-0000", "contents": "1950 USS Missouri grounding, Salvage\nOn 19 January, Comber, an army dredge, arrived at the site of the Missouri grounding and began the process of sucking mud out of the intended path through which Missouri would be freed. On 22 January, Comber was joined by the civilian-run dredge Washington in the dredging phase of Wallin's plan. Around the time the dredging began, Missouri's crew began offloading all non-essential items. Both 16-inch and 5-inch shells, powder, food, drink, and other materials were removed from the battleship and placed aboard barges and other ships to help lighten Missouri.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 36], "content_span": [37, 600]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068025-0023-0001", "contents": "1950 USS Missouri grounding, Salvage\nAt the same time, the  Cimarron-class fleet oilers Chemung and Pawcatuck began the process of offloading Missouri's fuel. As the fuel was required to operate the generators aboard Missouri, its absence resulted in a shift from supplying the power Missouri required with her own generators to relying on the submarine rescue ships for power and water needs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 36], "content_span": [37, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068025-0024-0000", "contents": "1950 USS Missouri grounding, Salvage\nOriginally, the weight-reduction phase had included removing the anchors from the battleship, but Wallin ordered one of the anchors to be reattached. His reason for doing so was that the anchor would effectively shift Missouri's center of gravity forward to a narrower part of the battleship, thereby reducing the friction at her widest point. During this time, the Bureau of Ships offered valuable technical and salvage advice to both the civilian and military participants in the salvage effort.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 36], "content_span": [37, 534]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068025-0025-0000", "contents": "1950 USS Missouri grounding, Salvage\nOn 31 January, an attempt was made to free Missouri with the assembled collection of tug boats and salvage ships. This attempt was ultimately unsuccessful, owing to an anchor from a previous wreck that had become embedded in Missouri's hull. The extreme force generated by the tugs caused several two-inch cables made from wire rope to break, and the failed attempt also revealed that Missouri needed to lose more weight if the next attempt was to be successful. In light of this, some additional changes were made for the next attempt, which included cutting the anchors and chains off the battleship\u2014after they had been re-added at Wallin's request\u2014and the inclusion of additional pontoons to help lighten Missouri even more. A second attempt was tentatively scheduled for 1 February.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 36], "content_span": [37, 823]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068025-0026-0000", "contents": "1950 USS Missouri grounding, Missouri freed\nOn 1 February Missouri was finally freed with the assistance of 23 vessels. Five tug boats pulled alongside, six pulled astern, and three swung to the bow to facilitate movement. Additionally, two Gypsy-class salvage vessels, Salvager and Windlass, and seven yard tugs helped keep the other vessels in place. Kedge anchors were also used to expedite the process. About the time that Missouri began to move again, she suffered one last incident: while being towed off the shoal, she bumped into Windlass, wiping out a portion of Windlass's side railing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068025-0026-0001", "contents": "1950 USS Missouri grounding, Missouri freed\nHowever, the damage was insignificant, and as the battleship slowly returned to the harbor, the band played Missouri Waltz, Anchors Aweigh, and Nobody Knows the Trouble I've Seen. Crewmen also hoisted battle flags and hoisted signal flags which read \"Reporting for Duty\". A Norfolk harbor pilot was responsible for issuing the engine and rudder orders to the battleship, while Missouri's own navigator issued course orders for the battleship during the tow.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068025-0027-0000", "contents": "1950 USS Missouri grounding, Missouri freed\nWith an audience observing the process, Missouri finally returned to the deep water at 7:09 am. Following her liberation from the muddy shoal, Missouri was towed back to the naval yard where her incomplete sister ship Kentucky had been removed from dry dock to allow Missouri to undergo repairs, which\u2014apart from structural inspection\u2014included replacement of some of her double-bottom plating that had buckled and ruptured three fuel tanks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068025-0028-0000", "contents": "1950 USS Missouri grounding, Aftermath\nCaptain Brown was court-martialed as a result of the incident, pleaded guilty, and was relieved of command of Missouri. As a result of his plea, he suffered the loss of 250 places on the list of captains awaiting ships. He spent the rest of his active duty time on shore duty. Four others were court-martialed, two were cleared of all charges, one received a letter of reprimand, and one was reduced on the promotion list. Despite these setbacks, Missouri was repaired and returned to fleet. She stayed in commission throughout the Korean War, and\u2014after the cease-fire agreement\u2014was decommissioned into the United States Navy reserve fleets, where she remained until the 1980s. Despite proof to the contrary, rumors continued to circulate that Missouri suffered permanent damage as a result of the grounding incident.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 38], "content_span": [39, 856]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068025-0029-0000", "contents": "1950 USS Missouri grounding, Aftermath\nThereafter, the ship was sometimes referred to as the \"Muddy Mo,\" a takeoff on \"Mighty Mo\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 38], "content_span": [39, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068026-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 USSR Chess Championship\nThe 1950 Soviet Chess Championship was the 18th edition of USSR Chess Championship. Held from 10 November to 12 December 1950 in Moscow. The tournament was won by Paul Keres. Keres, Isaac Boleslavsky and Smyslov entered the final directly. The final were preceded by seven quarter-finals and five semifinals (at Leningrad, Tula, Tartu, Kiev and Gorky).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068027-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Ulster Grand Prix\nThe 1950 Ulster Grand Prix was the fifth round of the 1950 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on 19 August 1950 at the Clady Circuit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068028-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Ulster Trophy\nThe 1950 Ulster Trophy was a non-championship Formula One motor race held on 12 August 1950 at the Dundrod Circuit, in Northern Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068029-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 United Kingdom general election\nThe 1950 United Kingdom general election was the first general election ever to be held after a full term of Labour government. The election was held on Thursday 23 February 1950, and was the first held following the abolition of plural voting and university constituencies. The government's 1945 lead over the Conservative Party shrank dramatically, and Labour was returned to power but with an overall majority reduced from 146 to just 5. There was a 5.8% national swing towards the Conservatives, who gained 90 seats. Labour called another general election in 1951, which the Conservative Party won.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 639]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068029-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 United Kingdom general election\nTurnout increased to 83.9%, the highest turnout in a UK general election under universal suffrage, and representing an increase of more than 11% in comparison to 1945.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068029-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 United Kingdom general election\nIt was also the first general election to be covered on television, although the footage was not recorded. Richard Dimbleby hosted the BBC coverage of the election, which he would later do again for the 1951, 1955, 1959 and the 1964 general elections. On this occasion, Dimbleby was joined in the BBC Lime Grove Studios by R. B. McCallum, Fellow of Pembroke College, Oxford, and author of The British General Election of 1945, and David Butler, research student of Nuffield College. The first election night programme ran from 10:45\u00a0pm until just after 1:00\u00a0am.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 598]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068029-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 United Kingdom general election, Background\nSignificant changes since the 1945 general election included the abolition of plural voting by the Representation of the People Act 1948, and a major reorganisation of constituencies by the House of Commons (Redistribution of Seats) Act 1949. Eleven new English seats were created and six were abolished, and there were over 170 major alterations to constituencies across the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068029-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 United Kingdom general election, Campaign\nThe Conservatives, having recovered from their landslide election defeat in 1945, accepted most of the nationalisation that had taken place under the Attlee government, which included the NHS and the mixed economy. The campaign essentially focused on the possible future nationalisation of other sectors and industries, which was supported by the Labour Party, and opposed by the Conservatives. The Liberals essentially viewed the struggle between the two parties on this issue as a class struggle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 46], "content_span": [47, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068029-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 United Kingdom general election, Campaign\nOne of the major election issues was Rationing still in effect on petrol, confectionery and meats over five years after the end of the war. The Conservative Party promised to phase out rationing while Labour campaigned for its continuation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 46], "content_span": [47, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068029-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 United Kingdom general election, Campaign\nThe Liberal Party fielded 475 candidates, more than at any general election since 1929. Liberal Party leader Clement Davies felt that the party had been at a disadvantage at the 1945 general election when they ran fewer candidates than needed to form a government. Davies arranged for the cost of running extra candidates to be offset by the party taking out insurance with Lloyd's of London against more than fifty candidates losing their deposits.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 46], "content_span": [47, 496]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068029-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 United Kingdom general election, Campaign\nIn the event, the strategy only succeeded in causing a very marginal increase in the overall Liberal vote over the previous election (albeit it was still their best popular vote percentage since 1929); the number of votes-per-candidate declined sharply, resulting in them losing a further three seats from their already-disappointing 1945 showing. A total of 319 Liberal candidates lost their deposits, a record number until 2015, when candidates for the Liberal Democrats lost 335 deposits at the general election held in that year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 46], "content_span": [47, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068029-0008-0000", "contents": "1950 United Kingdom general election, Results\nDespite losing 78 seats, the Labour Party won an overall majority of 5 seats, down from 146 in the previous election, while their vote share slightly declined. The Conservatives saw a resurgence in their support, gaining an additional 90 seats and saw their vote share improve by more than 4%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 45], "content_span": [46, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068029-0009-0000", "contents": "1950 United Kingdom general election, Results\nProminent personalities entering Parliament in this election included Edward Heath (Bexley), Jo Grimond (Orkney and Shetland), Enoch Powell (Wolverhampton South West), Reginald Maudling (Barnet) and Iain Macleod (Enfield West).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 45], "content_span": [46, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068029-0010-0000", "contents": "1950 United Kingdom general election, Results\nScottish politician Willie Gallacher lost his West Fife seat to Labour; he was the longest-serving Member of Parliament (from 1935 to 1950) and the last MP in Parliament for the Communist Party of Great Britain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 45], "content_span": [46, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068030-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 United Kingdom general election in Northern Ireland\nThe 1950 United Kingdom general election in Northern Ireland was held on 23 February as part of the wider general election. The Representation of the People Act 1948 reorganised constituencies: all MPs were now elected single-seat constituencies using FPTP, ending the two-seat constituencies which had been in place till then, and the university constituency of Queen's University of Belfast was abolished.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 464]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068030-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 United Kingdom general election in Northern Ireland, Results\nIn the election as a whole, the Labour Party led by Clement Attlee as Prime Minister was returned with a narrow majority, while the Conservative Party, which included the Ulster Unionists, led by Sir Winston Churchill, continued in opposition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [58, 65], "content_span": [66, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068031-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 United Nations Secretary-General selection\nThe United Nations Secretary-General selection of 1950 took place as the Cold War turned hot in the Korean War. The Soviet Union vetoed Trygvie Lie's second term and offered to vote for any other candidate. However, the United States insisted that Lie had to continue in office as Secretary-General, pressuring its allies to abstain on all other candidates. When a Latin American candidate appeared to have enough votes to win, the United States threatened to use its veto for the first time. After a second round of voting with no candidates receiving the required majority, the Security Council informed the General Assembly that it had been unable to agree on a recommendation. The General Assembly then extended Lie's term for three years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 791]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068031-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 United Nations Secretary-General selection\nThe 1950 selection is the only time that the General Assembly voted on the office of Secretary-General despite a veto in the Security Council. The Soviet Union considered the vote to be illegal and treated the office of Secretary-General as vacant upon the expiration of Lie's original term. The veto has been respected in all future selections. In the 1996 selection, the United States found itself on the losing side of a 14-1-0 vote recommending Boutros Boutros-Ghali for a second term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068031-0001-0001", "contents": "1950 United Nations Secretary-General selection\nAlthough supporters of Boutros-Ghali pointed to the precedent set by the United States in 1950, other members of the Security Council were unwilling to refer the matter to the General Assembly over a U.S. veto. Boutros-Ghali was forced to suspend his candidacy, becoming the only Secretary-General ever to be denied a second term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068031-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 United Nations Secretary-General selection, Background\nThe Secretary-General of the United Nations is appointed by the General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council. Therefore, candidates can be vetoed by permanent members of the Security Council. At the first Secretary-General selection in 1946, the Soviet Union was opposed to Lester Pearson of Canada. The Security Council compromised by selecting Trygvie Lie of Norway as the first Secretary-General of the United Nations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 59], "content_span": [60, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068031-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 United Nations Secretary-General selection, Background\nAs the end of his 5-year term approached, Lie's actions drew opposition from both sides of the Cold War. After the Chinese Civil War ended in a Communist victory in 1949, Lie supported the admission of Communist China to the United Nations. The Nationalist Chinese ambassador gave a press conference on 31 May 1950 in which he denounced Lie and threatened to veto him. However, he was willing to extend Lie's term for one year. Meanwhile, the Soviet Union boycotted the United Nations on the grounds that the Chinese seat belonged to Communist China. France indicated that it would vote for Lie if the Soviet Union returned, but it would prefer a different candidate if the Soviet Union had left the United Nations permanently.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 59], "content_span": [60, 787]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068031-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 United Nations Secretary-General selection, Background\nThe Korean War began on 25 June 1950. Since the Soviet Union was boycotting the Security Council, it was unable to veto Resolution 83, which called on U.N. member states to send military assistance to South Korea. Lie's strong support of U.N. intervention in Korea made him unacceptable to the Communist countries. The Soviet Union returned to the Security Council in August 1950 when it was their turn to take up the rotating Presidency.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 59], "content_span": [60, 498]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068031-0004-0001", "contents": "1950 United Nations Secretary-General selection, Background\nFacing the prospect of a Soviet veto, supporters of Lie developed a new legal theory in which the General Assembly did not need a recommendation from the Security Council, since the recommendation from 1946 was still in effect. They also maintained that the General Assembly could extend Lie's term in office without a recommendation from the Security Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 59], "content_span": [60, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068031-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 United Nations Secretary-General selection, Background\nSupport for Lie was lukewarm among the other three permanent members. Lie was \"not entirely satisfactory\" to the United States, but \"he had been generally sympathetic to our views.\" The United States took the position that the General Assembly could amend its 1946 resolution to extend Lie's term for another five years. The United Kingdom wanted to extend Lie's term for no more than two years, which would allow a \"more acceptable\" Secretary-General to be appointed if the Soviet Union withdrew from the United Nations. France favored a one-year extension, but it supported the British position of a two-year maximum.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 59], "content_span": [60, 679]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068031-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 United Nations Secretary-General selection, Background\nOn 12 September 1950, the British ambassador approached the Soviet ambassador about the Secretary-Generalship. The United Kingdom was prepared to vote for Arcot Ramasamy Mudaliar or Girija Shankar Bajpai of India if they were acceptable to the Soviet Union. However, Soviet Ambassador Malik was noncommittal, and Soviet Foreign Minister Vyshinsky would not meet with the British ambassador.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 59], "content_span": [60, 450]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068031-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 United Nations Secretary-General selection, Background\nLie hoped to receive another five-year term, but he was willing to accept a two-year extension if he were allowed to save face by first declaring that he would \"refuse to serve for longer than two years.\" Toward the end of September 1950, he grew frustrated with the inaction and threatened to send letters to the Security Council and the General Assembly declaring that he would not be a candidate for re-election. Lie finally agreed not to send those letters, and the United States pressed the United Kingdom and France for a three-year term extension. Lie subsequently declared publicly that he would not serve for more than three years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 59], "content_span": [60, 700]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068031-0008-0000", "contents": "1950 United Nations Secretary-General selection, First round, Vote\nOn 12 October 1950, the Security Council met for a formal vote. Polish Foreign Minister Zygmunt Modzelewski was first rejected by a vote of 1-4-6, with the Soviet Union voting in favor and Nationalist China voting against. Trygve Lie's reappointment was then rejected by a vote of 9-1-1, with the Soviet Union vetoing and Nationalist China abstaining.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 66], "content_span": [67, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068031-0009-0000", "contents": "1950 United Nations Secretary-General selection, First round, Vote\nThe General Assembly was called back into session for 19 October 1950. Attempting to avoid the impending vote, Soviet ambassador Yakov Malik called upon U.S. ambassador Warren Austin on 17 October 1950. Austin chided the Soviet Union for \"thwarting the will of the majority\" and pointed out that Malik had turned down a previous attempt by the United States to consult on the selection. Malik argued that the Security Council had only voted on two candidates so far, and \"the cause of peace\" would be best served by agreeing on another candidate. However, Austin said that the Soviet Union should serve \"the cause of peace\" by agreeing to Lie's re-selection. Malik replied that he had received \"a firm niet.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 66], "content_span": [67, 775]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068031-0010-0000", "contents": "1950 United Nations Secretary-General selection, Second round, Indian compromise proposal\nOn 18 October 1950, the Security Council met at the request of the Soviet Union. Soviet ambassador Yakov Malik reiterated that the Security Council was not yet deadlocked and should still explore other candidates, \"particularly from Latin America and Asia.\" Indian ambassador Benegal Rau proposed that each member of the Security Council should secretly nominate two candidates. The list of 22 names would then be submitted to the permanent members, who could strike out any names that they found unacceptable. The Security Council would vote on anyone who remained on the list. The British and French ambassadors commended the \"ingenious\" scheme, and the Nationalist Chinese ambassador found it \"satisfactory and fair.\" Cuba, Ecuador, Egypt, and the Soviet Union also favored the Indian plan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 89], "content_span": [90, 883]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068031-0011-0000", "contents": "1950 United Nations Secretary-General selection, Second round, Indian compromise proposal\nThe United States opposed the proposal. Austin pointed out that Lie had already received 9 votes, but his name would surely be struck off the list by the Soviet Union. He asked rhetorically, \"Is the spoken word without value? Is there no integrity?\" Norwegian ambassador Arne Sunde gave an impassioned speech in defense of his fellow countryman, claiming that the elimination of Lie would be \"tantamount to a Soviet victory in the Korean War.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 89], "content_span": [90, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068031-0012-0000", "contents": "1950 United Nations Secretary-General selection, Second round, Diplomatic maneuverings\nThe Indian proposal set off a flurry of diplomatic activity as the superpowers appealed for support. The Soviet Union approached several delegations and offered to vote for their candidates. U.S. Secretary of State Dean Acheson pressed other members of the Security Council to hold firm on Lie, saying that allowing him to be vetoed \"would damage the prestige of the Security Council by stultifying the clearly expressed majority.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 86], "content_span": [87, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068031-0013-0000", "contents": "1950 United Nations Secretary-General selection, Second round, Diplomatic maneuverings\nThe British government had already instructed its delegation to abstain on the Indian proposal, but it acquiesced to American wishes by authorizing Jebb to vote against. Although the United States remained worried about the British vote if a Commonwealth citizen were nominated, Jebb had already told the Norwegian ambassador that the UK was \"not interested [in] seeing [an] Indian as Secretary General.\" However, France declined to issue instructions to its U.N. ambassador, allowing him to vote at his own discretion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 86], "content_span": [87, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068031-0014-0000", "contents": "1950 United Nations Secretary-General selection, Second round, Diplomatic maneuverings\nCuba told the United States that it would continue to support Lie, although other Latin American governments favored the Indian proposal as \"a means of conciliation.\" The Cuban ambassador suggested that the United States adopt the Indian proposal but exempt Lie's name from being struck off the ballot. Austin denounced the \"Soviet maneuver\" as a \"trick and a trap,\" saying that the Korean War was \"approaching victory\" and the U.S. Congress would be hesitant to continue funding the effort with an untested Secretary-General at the helm. He claimed that \"this was in no way a threat but simply an analysis of a situation.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 86], "content_span": [87, 710]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068031-0015-0000", "contents": "1950 United Nations Secretary-General selection, Second round, Diplomatic maneuverings\nThe Security Council discussed the question on 20 October 1950 and 21 October 1950. The United States, United Kingdom, Cuba, Norway, and Yugoslavia were opposed to the Indian proposal, which left it one vote short of a majority. The Soviet Union then proposed further consultations of the permanent members, which the Security Council agreed to by a bare majority of 7-0-4.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 86], "content_span": [87, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068031-0016-0000", "contents": "1950 United Nations Secretary-General selection, Second round, Instructions\nThe permanent members met for consultations on 23 October 1950. The Soviet Union nominated Luis Padilla Nervo of Mexico, Charles Malik of Lebanon, and Benegal Rau of India. Nationalist China nominated Carlos P. Romulo of the Philippines. The United States said that it would only support Lie. The United Kingdom preferred Lie but would not veto any of the other candidates. The Soviet Union was willing to vote for any candidate except Lie. China was willing to vote for Padilla Nervo, Malik, or Romulo. France was willing to vote for any candidate who could get 7 votes at the Security Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 75], "content_span": [76, 671]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068031-0017-0000", "contents": "1950 United Nations Secretary-General selection, Second round, Instructions\nThe United States was worried about the French position and pressed the French government to change its instructions. The United States also asked the other candidates to withdraw, with particular attention paid to Padilla Nervo. Since Cuba and Ecuador could be counted on to vote for a Latin American candidate, Nervo would have at least six votes in the Security Council, and a French vote would give him the required 7-vote majority.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 75], "content_span": [76, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068031-0017-0001", "contents": "1950 United Nations Secretary-General selection, Second round, Instructions\nSecretary of State Dean Acheson was adamant that \"no Latin American candidate would be accepted by the United States,\" saying that the Latin American countries \"would very seriously embarrass themselves by running up against a United States veto.\" President Harry S. Truman agreed with Acheson and authorized a veto. Acheson instructed the U.S. delegation that the Soviet Union could not be permitted to allow a Soviet victory at the U.N. to \"prejudice our victory in Korea.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 75], "content_span": [76, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068031-0018-0000", "contents": "1950 United Nations Secretary-General selection, Second round, Instructions\nThe veto threat was controversial, as the United States had previously stated that it would not use the veto except when the security of the United States was threatened. However, the Latin American countries fell into line behind the United States. The U.S. position grew stronger when France instructed its U.N. ambassador to abstain on every candidate except Lie, causing Padilla Nervo to withdraw from the race. However, Charles Malik pointed out that the Soviet Union was offering to vote even for anti-Communist candidates, and the \"opportunity to exploit such rare phenomenon should not be passed over lightly.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 75], "content_span": [76, 694]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068031-0019-0000", "contents": "1950 United Nations Secretary-General selection, Second round, Vote\nThe Security Council met in secret session on 25 October 1950. Padilla Nervo's withdrawal was announced by France, and Benegal Rau withdrew his own name from consideration. U.S. ambassador Austin \"wondered what answer he could be expected to give to the parents of those who had died in Korea.\" Soviet ambassador Malik called Lie a \"pawn\" of \"MacArthur and U.S. monopolists\" and attacked the United States for abandoning its \"widely advertised position\" of not using the veto. Malik then demanded that the Security Council vote on the remaining candidates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 67], "content_span": [68, 624]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068031-0020-0000", "contents": "1950 United Nations Secretary-General selection, Second round, Vote\nCharles Malik and Carlos P. Romulo were both rejected by votes of 4-0-7. Egypt, India, China, and the Soviet Union voted in favor, while the other countries abstained. The Security Council then voted 7-1-3 to send a letter to the General Assembly reporting that it had been unable to reach agreement. Although the Soviet Union voted against the letter, procedural matters are not subject to the veto.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 67], "content_span": [68, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068031-0021-0000", "contents": "1950 United Nations Secretary-General selection, Second round, Extension of Lie's term\nAt the Security Council on 30 October 1950, the Soviet Union proposed a resolution asking the General Assembly to postpone the appointment of a Secretary-General. The Soviet proposal was rejected by a vote of 1-7-3. The Soviet Union then announced publicly that it would no longer recognize Trygve Lie as Secretary-General after his term ended on 2 February 1951, since any vote by the General Assembly to extend his term was \"an artificial maneuver designed to circumvent the [U.N.] Charter.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 86], "content_span": [87, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068031-0022-0000", "contents": "1950 United Nations Secretary-General selection, Second round, Extension of Lie's term\nThe General Assembly took up the appointment of a Secretary-General on 31 October 1950 and 1 November 1950. U.S. Ambassador Austin praised Lie's \"stand against aggression in Korea,\" while Soviet Foreign Minister Vishinsky said that the vote made a \"mockery\" of the United Nations. The General Assembly voted 37-9-11 to reject a Soviet proposal to postpone the question. It also voted 35-15-7 to reject an Iraqi proposal to study the process of appointing the Secretary-General and develop a solution.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 86], "content_span": [87, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068031-0023-0000", "contents": "1950 United Nations Secretary-General selection, Second round, Extension of Lie's term\nFinally, the General Assembly voted 46-5-8 to extend Lie's term by three years to 2 February 1954. Only the five Soviet bloc countries voted against the resolution. Six Arab countries abstained because of Lie's stance on Palestine, comparing Israeli actions against the Palestinians to North Korea's invasion of South Korea. Nationalist China also abstained, and Australia abstained because it felt the vote was an illegal circumvention of the U.N. Charter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 86], "content_span": [87, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068031-0024-0000", "contents": "1950 United Nations Secretary-General selection, Aftermath\nAt the critical Security Council meeting on 25 October 1950, U.S. Ambassador Austin was confidently predicting a United Nations victory in the Korean War. Austin talked of the need for Lie to remain in office to oversee the postwar reconstruction of Korea. However, events were already in motion that would turn the war into a stalemate. Earlier that day, Chinese Communist troops ambushed United Nations forces at the Battle of Onjong and the Battle of Unsan. By the end of December 1950, United Nations forces had retreated south of the 38th Parallel. The war settled into a stalemate by the middle of 1951. Lie announced his resignation on 10 November 1952, declaring, \"I am quite sure that this is the time to leave without damage to the UN.\" This set the stage for the 1953 United Nations Secretary-General selection.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 58], "content_span": [59, 881]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068031-0025-0000", "contents": "1950 United Nations Secretary-General selection, Aftermath\nThe 1950 selection marks the only time that the General Assembly voted on a Secretary-General without the recommendation of the Security Council. In 1966, Francis T. P. Plimpton, former Deputy U.S. Representative to the U.N., said that the 1950 vote by the General Assembly had \"little taint of legality.\" The veto would be respected in all future selections. In the 1996 selection, the re-selection of Boutros Boutros-Ghali was vetoed by the United States in a 14-1-0 vote. Supporters of Boutros-Ghali hoped to use the precedent set by the United States in 1950 to take the matter to the General Assembly. France attempted to extend Boutros-Ghali's term by two years in office, but Boutros-Ghali suspended his candidacy after a two-week deadlock in the Security Council. There has been no further challenge to the use of the veto to block the selection of a Secretary-General.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 58], "content_span": [59, 936]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068032-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 United States House of Representatives elections\nThe 1950 United States House of Representatives elections was an election for the United States House of Representatives in 1950 which occurred in the middle of President Harry Truman's second term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068032-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 United States House of Representatives elections\nAs the Korean War began and Truman's personal popularity plummeted for a second time during his presidency, his Democratic Party lost a net 28 seats to the Republican Party. This was the first election since 1908 where no third parties acquired any seats in the House.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068032-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 United States House of Representatives elections, Special elections\nThere were six special elections throughout the year, listed here by date and district.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 72], "content_span": [73, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068033-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 United States House of Representatives elections in California\nThe United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1950 was an election for California's delegation to the United States House of Representatives, which occurred as part of the general election of the House of Representatives on November 7, 1950. Republicans won one Democratic-held seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 67], "section_span": [67, 67], "content_span": [68, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068033-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 United States House of Representatives elections in California, Results\nFinal results from the Clerk of the House of Representatives:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 67], "section_span": [69, 76], "content_span": [77, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068034-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina\nThe 1950 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina were held on November 7, 1950 to select six Representatives for two-year terms from the state of South Carolina. Four incumbents were re-elected, but Hugo S. Sims, Jr. of the 2nd congressional district and James Butler Hare of the 3rd congressional district were defeated in the Democratic primaries. The seats were retained by the Democrats and the composition of the state delegation remained solely Democratic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [71, 71], "content_span": [72, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068034-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 1st congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman L. Mendel Rivers of the 1st congressional district, in office since 1941, defeated A.J. Clement in the Democratic primary and was unopposed in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068034-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 2nd congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman Hugo S. Sims, Jr. of the 2nd congressional district, in office since 1949, was defeated in the Democratic primary by John J. Riley who was unopposed in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068034-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 3rd congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman James Butler Hare of the 3rd congressional district, in office since 1949, was defeated in the Democratic primary by W.J. Bryan Dorn who was unopposed in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068034-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 4th congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman Joseph R. Bryson of the 4th congressional district, in office since 1939, defeated Matthew Poliakoff in the Democratic primary and was unopposed in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068034-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 5th congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman James P. Richards of the 5th congressional district, in office since 1933, was unopposed in his bid for re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068034-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 6th congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman John L. McMillan of the 6th congressional district, in office since 1939, was unopposed in his bid for re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068035-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia\nThe 1950 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia were held on November 7, 1950 to determine who will represent the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States House of Representatives. Virginia had nine seats in the House, apportioned according to the 1940 United States Census. Representatives are elected for two-year terms.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 65], "section_span": [65, 65], "content_span": [66, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068036-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in Alabama\nThe 1950 United States Senate election in Alabama was held on November 7, 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068036-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in Alabama\nIncumbent Senator J. Lister Hill was re-elected for a third term in office, defeating retired U.S. Navy Rear Admiral John G. Crommelin, who ran as an independent candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068037-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in Arizona\nThe 1950 United States Senate elections in Arizona took place on November 7, 1950. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Carl Hayden ran for reelection to a fifth term, defeating Republican nominee Bruce Brockett in the general election. Brockett was formerly the Republican nominee for governor in both 1946 and 1948.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California\nThe 1950 United States Senate election in California was held on November 7 of that year, following a campaign characterized by accusations and name-calling. Republican Congressman and future President Richard Nixon defeated Democrat Helen Gahagan Douglas, after Democratic incumbent Sheridan Downey withdrew during the primary election campaign. Douglas and Nixon each gave up their congressional seats to run against Downey; no other representatives were willing to risk the contest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 534]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California\nBoth Douglas and Nixon announced their candidacies in late 1949. In March 1950, Downey withdrew from a vicious primary battle with Douglas by announcing his retirement, after which Los Angeles Daily News publisher Manchester Boddy joined the race. Boddy attacked Douglas as a leftist and was the first to compare her to New York Congressman Vito Marcantonio, who was accused of being a communist. Boddy, Nixon, and Douglas each entered both party primaries, a practice known as cross-filing. In the Republican primary, Nixon was challenged only by cross-filers and fringe candidates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 632]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California\nNixon won the Republican primary and Douglas the Democratic contest, with each also finishing third in the other party's contest (Boddy finished second in both races). The contentious Democratic race left the party divided, and Democrats were slow to rally to Douglas\u2014some even endorsed Nixon. The Korean War broke out only days after the primaries, and both Nixon and Douglas contended that the other had often voted with Marcantonio to the detriment of national security. Nixon's attacks were far more effective, and he won the November 7 general election by almost 20\u00a0percentage points, carrying 53 of California's 58\u00a0counties and all metropolitan areas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 706]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California\nThough Nixon was later criticized for his tactics in the campaign, he defended his actions, and also stated that Douglas's positions were too far to the left for California voters. Other reasons for the result have been suggested, ranging from tepid support for Douglas from President Truman and his administration to the reluctance of voters in 1950 to elect a woman. The campaign gave rise to two political nicknames, both coined by Boddy or making their first appearance in his newspaper: \"the Pink Lady\" for Douglas and \"Tricky Dick\" for Nixon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 597]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, Background\nCalifornia Senator Sheridan Downey was first elected in 1938. An attorney, he had run unsuccessfully in 1934 for Lieutenant Governor of California as Upton Sinclair's running mate, and had a reputation as a liberal. As a senator, however, his positions gradually moved to the right, and he began to favor corporate interests. Manchester Boddy, the editor and publisher of the Los Angeles Daily News, was born on a potato farm in Washington state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 60], "content_span": [61, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0004-0001", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, Background\nHe had little newspaper experience when, in 1926, he was given the opportunity to purchase the Daily News by a bankruptcy court, but built it into a small but thriving periodical. He shared his views with his readers through his column, \"Thinking and Living\", and, after initial Republican leanings, was a firm supporter of the New Deal. While the Daily News had not endorsed the Sinclair-Downey ticket, Boddy had called Sinclair \"a great man\" and allowed the writer-turned-gubernatorial candidate to set forth his views on the newspaper's front page.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 60], "content_span": [61, 612]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, Background\nBoth Helen Douglas and Richard Nixon entered electoral politics in the mid-1940s. Douglas, a New Deal Democrat, was a former actress and opera singer, and the wife of actor Melvyn Douglas. She represented the 14th congressional district beginning in 1945. Nixon grew up in a working-class family in Whittier. In 1946, he defeated 12th district Congressman Jerry Voorhis to claim a seat in the United States House of Representatives, where he became known for his anticommunist activities, including his involvement in the Alger Hiss affair.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 60], "content_span": [61, 601]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, Background\nIn the 1940s, California experienced a huge influx of migrants from other US states, increasing its population by 55%. Party registration in 1950 was 58.4% Democratic and 37.1% Republican. However, other than Downey, most major California officeholders were Republican, including Governor Earl Warren (who was seeking a third term in 1950) and Senator William Knowland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 60], "content_span": [61, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, Background\nDuring the 1950 campaign, both Nixon and Douglas were accused of having a voting record comparable to that of New York Congressman Vito Marcantonio. The sole congressman from the American Labor Party at the time, Marcantonio represented East Harlem. He was accused of being a communist, though he denied being one; he rarely discussed the Soviet Union or communism. Marcantonio opposed restrictions on communists and the Communist Party, stating that such restrictions violated the Bill of Rights. He regularly voted against contempt citations requested by the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC), on which Nixon served.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 60], "content_span": [61, 691]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0008-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, Primary campaign, Democratic contest, Early campaign\nDouglas disregarded advice from party officials to wait until 1952 to run for the Senate, when Republican Senator Knowland would be up for reelection. Fundraising for the campaign was a concern from the beginning; Douglas friend and aide Ed Lybeck wrote her that she would probably need to raise $150,000 ($1.8\u00a0million today), which Douglas considered a massive sum. Lybeck wrote,", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 102], "content_span": [103, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0009-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, Primary campaign, Democratic contest, Early campaign\nNow, you can win. You will not be a favorite; you'll be rather a long shot. But given luck and money and a hell of a lot of work, you can win\u00a0... but for Christ's sake don't commit suicide with no dough\u00a0... Maybe you can't crucify mankind on a cross of gold, but you can sure as hell crucify a statewide candidate upon a cross of no-gold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 102], "content_span": [103, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0010-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, Primary campaign, Democratic contest, Early campaign\nOn October 5, 1949, Douglas made a radio appearance announcing her candidacy. She attacked Downey almost continuously throughout the remainder of the year, accusing him of being a do-nothing, a tool of big business, and an agent of oil interests. She hired Harold Tipton, a newcomer to California who had managed a successful congressional campaign in the Seattle area, as her campaign manager. Douglas realized that Nixon would most likely be the Republican nominee, and felt that were she to win the primary, the wide gap between Nixon's positions and hers would cause voters to rally to her. Downey, who suffered from a severe ulcer, was initially undecided about running, but announced his candidacy in early December in a speech that included an attack on Douglas. Earl Desmond, a member of the California State Senate from Sacramento whose positions were similar to Downey's, also entered the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 102], "content_span": [103, 1007]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0011-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, Primary campaign, Democratic contest, Early campaign\nIn January 1950, Douglas opened campaign headquarters in Los Angeles and San Francisco, which was seen as a signal that she was serious about contesting Downey's seat and would not withdraw from the race. Downey challenged Douglas to a series of debates; Douglas, who was not a good debater, declined. The two candidates traded charges via press and radio, with Downey describing Douglas's views as extremist.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 102], "content_span": [103, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0012-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, Primary campaign, Democratic contest, Early campaign\nDouglas's formal campaign launch on February 28 was overshadowed by rumors that Downey might retire, which Douglas called a political maneuver on Downey's part to get the attention of the press. However, on March 29, amid rumors that he was doing badly in the polls, Downey announced both his retirement and his endorsement of Los Angeles Daily News publisher Manchester Boddy. In his statement, the senator indicated that, due to his ill health, he was not up to \"waging a personal and militant campaign against the vicious and unethical propaganda\" of Douglas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 102], "content_span": [103, 665]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0013-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, Primary campaign, Democratic contest, Early campaign\nBoddy filed his election paperwork the next day, on the final day petitions were accepted, with his papers signed by Los Angeles Mayor Fletcher Bowron, a Republican, and by Downey campaign manager and 1946 Democratic senatorial candidate Will Rogers, Jr. The publisher had been urged to enter the race by state Democratic leaders and by wealthy oilmen. He had no political experience; Democratic leaders had sought to draft him to run for the Senate in 1946, but he had declined. He later stated that his reasons for running were that the race would be a challenge, and that he would meet interesting people. Boddy, Douglas, and Nixon each \"cross-filed\", entering both major party primaries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 102], "content_span": [103, 794]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0014-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, Primary campaign, Democratic contest, Early campaign\nDouglas called Downey's departure in favor of the publisher a cheap gimmick and made no attempt to reach a rapprochement with the senator, who entered Bethesda Naval Hospital for treatment in early April, and was on sick leave from Congress for several months. The change in opponents was a mixed blessing for Douglas; it removed the incumbent from the field, but deprived her of the endorsement of the Daily News\u2014one of the few big city papers to consistently support her.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 102], "content_span": [103, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0015-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, Primary campaign, Democratic contest, Boddy versus Douglas\nFor the first month of Boddy's abbreviated ten-week campaign, he and Douglas avoided attacking each other. Boddy's campaign depicted him as born in a log cabin, and highlighted his World War I service. The publisher campaigned under the slogan, \"Manchester Boddy, the Democrat Every Body Wants.\" Boddy stated that he was fighting for the \"little man\", and alleged that the average individual was overlooked by both big government and big labor. However, his campaign, having a late start, was disorganized. The candidate himself had little charisma, and little presence as a public speaker. According to Rob Wagner, who wrote of the campaign in his history of Los Angeles newspapers of the era, Boddy \"was all sizzle and no substance\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 108], "content_span": [109, 844]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0016-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, Primary campaign, Democratic contest, Boddy versus Douglas\nThe campaign calm broke off near the end of April 1950, when Boddy's Daily News and affiliated newspapers referred to the congresswoman as \"decidedly pink\" and \"pink shading to deep red\". At the end of the month, the Daily News referred to her for the first time as \"the pink lady\". Douglas generally ignored Boddy's attacks, which continued unabated through May. In a Daily News column, Boddy wrote that Douglas was part of \"a small minority of red hots\" which proposed to use the election to \"establish a beachhead on which to launch a Communist attack on the United States\". One Boddy campaign publication was printed with red ink, and stated that Douglas \"has too often teamed up with the notorious extreme radical, Vito Marcantonio of New York City, on votes that seem more in the interest of Soviet Russia than of the United States\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 108], "content_span": [109, 948]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0017-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, Primary campaign, Democratic contest, Boddy versus Douglas\nOn May 3, Congressman George Smathers defeated liberal Senator Claude Pepper for the Democratic Senate nomination in Florida. Smathers' tactics included dubbing his opponent \"Red Pepper\" and distributing red-covered brochures, The Red Record of Senator Claude Pepper, that included a photograph of Pepper with Marcantonio. Soon after Smathers' triumph in the primary, which in the days of the yellow dog South was tantamount to election, South Dakota Republican Senator Karl Mundt, who when in the House had served with Nixon on HUAC, sent him a letter telling him about Smathers' brochure.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 108], "content_span": [109, 699]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0017-0001", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, Primary campaign, Democratic contest, Boddy versus Douglas\nSenator Mundt wrote to Nixon, \"It occurs to me that if Helen is your opponent in the fall, something of a similar nature might well be produced\u00a0...\" Douglas wrote of Senator Pepper's defeat, \"The loss of Pepper is a great tragedy, and we are sick about it.\" She also noted, \"What a vicious campaign was carried on against him. No doubt the fur will begin to fly out here too\", and \"It is revolting to think of the depths to which people will go.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 108], "content_span": [109, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0018-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, Primary campaign, Democratic contest, Boddy versus Douglas\nDowney reentered the fray on May 22, when he made a statewide radio address on behalf of Boddy, stating his belief that Douglas was not qualified to be a senator. He concluded, \"Her record clearly shows very little hard work, no important influence on legislation, and almost nothing in the way of solid achievement. The fact that Mrs. Douglas has continued to bask in the warm glow of publicity and propaganda should not confuse any voter as to what the real facts are.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 108], "content_span": [109, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0019-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, Primary campaign, Democratic contest, Boddy versus Douglas\nDouglas brought an innovation to the race\u2014a small helicopter, which she used to travel around the state at a time when there were few freeways linking California's cities. She got the idea from her friend, Texas Senator Lyndon Johnson, who had extensively used helicopters in his campaign in the contested Democratic Party primary for the 1948 United States Senate election in Texas. Douglas leased the craft from a helicopter company in Palo Alto owned by Republican supporters, who hoped her influence would lead to a defense contract. When she used it to land in San Rafael, her local organizer, Dick Tuck, called it the \"Helencopter\", and the name stuck.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 108], "content_span": [109, 767]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0020-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, Primary campaign, Democratic contest, Boddy versus Douglas\nIn early April, polls gave Nixon some chance of winning the Democratic primary, which would mean his election was secured. He sent out mailings to Democratic voters. Boddy attacked Nixon for the mailings; Nixon responded that Democratic voters should have the opportunity to express no confidence in the Truman administration by voting for a Republican. \"Democrats for Nixon\", a group affiliated with Nixon's campaign, asked Democratic voters \"as one Democrat to another\" to vote for the congressman, sending out flyers which did not mention his political affiliation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 108], "content_span": [109, 677]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0020-0001", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, Primary campaign, Democratic contest, Boddy versus Douglas\nBoddy quickly struck back in his paper, accusing Nixon of misrepresenting himself as a Democrat. A large ad in the same issue by the \"Veterans Democratic Committee\" warned Democratic voters that Nixon was actually a Republican and referred to him for the first time as \"Tricky Dick\". The exchange benefited neither Nixon nor Boddy; Douglas won the primary on June 6 and exceeded their combined vote total.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 108], "content_span": [109, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0021-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, Primary campaign, Republican contest\nIn mid-1949, Nixon, although anxious to advance his political career, was reluctant to run for the Senate unless he was confident of winning the Republican primary. He considered his party's prospects in the House to be bleak, absent a strong Republican trend, and wrote \"I seriously doubt if we can ever work our way back in power. Actually, in my mind, I do not see any great gain in remaining a member of the House, even from a relatively good District, if it means we would be simply a vocal but ineffective minority.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 86], "content_span": [87, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0022-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, Primary campaign, Republican contest\nIn late August 1949, Nixon embarked on a putatively nonpolitical speaking tour of Northern California, where he was less well known, to see if his candidacy would be well received if he ran. With many of his closest advisers urging him to do so, Nixon decided in early October to seek the Senate seat. He hired a professional campaign manager, Murray Chotiner, who had helped to run successful campaigns for both Governor Warren and Senator Knowland and had played a limited role in Nixon's first congressional race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 86], "content_span": [87, 603]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0023-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, Primary campaign, Republican contest\nNixon announced his candidacy in a radio broadcast on November 3, painting the race as a choice between a free society and state socialism. Chotiner's philosophy for the primary campaign was to focus on Nixon and ignore the opposition. Nixon did not indulge in negative campaigning in the primaries; according to Nixon biographer Irwin Gellman, the internecine warfare in the Democratic Party made it unnecessary. The Nixon campaign spent most of late 1949 and early 1950 concentrating on building a statewide organization, and on intensive fundraising, which proved successful.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 86], "content_span": [87, 665]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0024-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, Primary campaign, Republican contest\nNixon had built part of his reputation in the House on his role in the Alger Hiss affair. Hiss's retrial for perjury after a July 1949 hung jury was a cloud over Nixon's campaign; if Hiss was acquitted, Nixon's candidacy would be in serious danger. On January 21, 1950, the jury found Hiss guilty, and Nixon received hundreds of congratulatory messages, including one from the only living former president, Herbert Hoover.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 86], "content_span": [87, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0025-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, Primary campaign, Republican contest\nAt the end of January 1950, a subcommittee of the California Republican Assembly, a conservative grassroots group, endorsed former Lieutenant Governor Frederick Houser (who had lost narrowly to Downey in 1944) over Nixon for the Senate candidacy by a 6\u20133 vote, only to be reversed by the full committee, which endorsed Nixon by 13\u201312. Houser eventually decided against running. Los Angeles County Supervisor Raymond Darby commenced a Senate run, but changed his mind and instead ran for lieutenant governor. Darby was defeated by incumbent Lieutenant Governor Goodwin Knight in the Republican primary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 86], "content_span": [87, 688]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0025-0001", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, Primary campaign, Republican contest\nKnight had also been considered likely to run for the Senate, but decided to seek re-election instead. Actor Edward Arnold began a Senate run, but dropped it in late March, citing a lack of time to prepare his campaign.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 86], "content_span": [87, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0025-0002", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, Primary campaign, Republican contest\nNixon was opposed for the Republican nomination only by cross-filing Democrats and by two fringe candidates: Ulysses Grant Bixby Meyer, a consulting psychologist for a dating service, and former judge and law professor Albert Levitt, who opposed \"the political theories and activities of national and international Communism, Fascism, and Vaticanism\" and was unhappy that the press was paying virtually no attention to his campaign.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 86], "content_span": [87, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0026-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, Primary campaign, Republican contest\nOn March 20, Nixon cross-filed in the two major party primaries, and two weeks later began to criss-cross the state in his campaign vehicle: a yellow station wagon with \"Nixon for U.S. Senator\" in big letters on both sides. According to one contemporary news account, in his \"barnstorming tour\", Nixon intended to \"[talk] up his campaign for the U.S. Senate on street corners and wherever he can collect a crowd.\" During his nine-week primary tour, he visited all of California's 58 counties, speaking sometimes six or eight times in a day. His wife Pat Nixon stood by as her husband spoke, distributing campaign thimbles that urged the election of Nixon and were marked with the slogan \"Safeguard the American Home\". She distributed more than 65,000 by the end of the campaign.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 86], "content_span": [87, 865]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0027-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, Primary campaign, Republican contest\nA Douglas supporter heard Nixon speak during the station wagon tour, and wrote to the congresswoman:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 86], "content_span": [87, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0028-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, Primary campaign, Republican contest\nHe gave a magnificent speech. He is one of the cleverest speakers I have ever heard. The questions on the Mundt-Nixon bill, his views on the loyalty oath, and the problem of international communism were just what he was waiting for. Indeed, he was so skillful\u2014and, I might add, cagey\u2014that those who came indifferent were sold, and even many of those who came to heckle went away with doubts\u00a0... If he is only a fraction as effective as he was here you have a formidable opponent on your hands.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 86], "content_span": [87, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0029-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, Primary campaign, Republican contest\nWith no serious challenge from Republican opponents, Nixon won an overwhelming victory in the Republican primary, with his cross-filing rivals, Boddy, Douglas, and Desmond, dividing a small percentage of the vote but running well ahead of the two fringe candidates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 86], "content_span": [87, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0030-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, Primary campaign, Joint appearances\nThere were no candidate debates, but Douglas and Nixon met twice on the campaign trail during the primary season. The first meeting took place at the Commonwealth Club in San Francisco, where Nixon waved a check for $100 that his campaign had received from \"Eleanor Roosevelt\", with an accompanying letter, \"I wish it could be ten times more. Best wishes for your success.\" The audience was shocked at the idea of Eleanor Roosevelt, widow of Democratic former president Franklin Roosevelt and known for her liberal views, contributing to Nixon's campaign.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 85], "content_span": [86, 641]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0030-0001", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, Primary campaign, Joint appearances\nNixon went on to explain that the envelope was postmarked Oyster Bay, New York, and that the Eleanor Roosevelt who had sent the contribution was Eleanor Butler Roosevelt, the widow of former Republican president Theodore Roosevelt's eldest son. The audience laughed, and Douglas later wrote that she had been distracted and gave a poor speech. A memo from Chotiner several days later noted that Boddy had failed to attend the function, and that Douglas wished that she had also not attended.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 85], "content_span": [86, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0031-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, Primary campaign, Joint appearances\nA second joint appearance took place in Beverly Hills. According to Nixon campaign adviser Bill Arnold, Douglas arrived late, while Nixon was already speaking. Nixon ostentatiously looked at his watch, provoking laughter from the audience. The laughter recurred as Nixon, sitting behind Douglas as she spoke, fidgeted to indicate his disapproval of what she was saying; she appeared bewildered at the laughter. Douglas concluded her remarks and Nixon rose to speak again, but she did not stay to listen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 85], "content_span": [86, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0032-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, General election, War in Korea, conflict in California\nThe rift in the Democratic party caused by the primary was slow to heal; Boddy's supporters were reluctant to join Douglas's campaign, even with President Truman's encouragement. The President refused to campaign in California; he resented Democratic gubernatorial candidate James Roosevelt. Roosevelt, the eldest son of Franklin Roosevelt, had urged Democrats not to renominate Truman in 1948, but to instead nominate General Dwight Eisenhower. Fundraising continued to be a major problem for Douglas, the bulk of whose financial support came from labor unions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 104], "content_span": [105, 667]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0032-0001", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, General election, War in Korea, conflict in California\nThe weekend after the primary, Nixon campaign officials held a conference to discuss strategy for the general election campaign. They decided on a fundraising goal of just over $197,000 (today, about $2,400,000). They were helped in that effort when Democratic Massachusetts Congressman John F. Kennedy, a political opponent of Nixon's, came to Nixon's office and gave him a donation of $1,000 on behalf of Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr., his father. John Kennedy indicated that he could not endorse Nixon, but that he would not be heartbroken if Douglas was returned to her acting career. Joseph Kennedy later stated that he gave Nixon the money because Douglas was a communist.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 104], "content_span": [105, 776]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0033-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, General election, War in Korea, conflict in California\nNixon's positions generally favored large corporations and farming interests, while Douglas's did not, and Nixon reaped the reward with contributions from them. Nixon favored the Taft-Hartley Act, passage of which had been bitterly opposed by labor unions; Douglas advocated its repeal. Douglas supported a requirement that federally subsidized water from reclamation projects only go to farms of not more than 160 acres (0.65\u00a0km2); Nixon fought for the repeal of that requirement.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 104], "content_span": [105, 586]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0034-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, General election, War in Korea, conflict in California\nWhen the Korean War broke out in late June, Douglas and her aides feared being put on the defensive by Nixon on the subject of communism, and sought to preempt his attack. Douglas's opening campaign speech included a charge that Nixon had voted with Marcantonio to deny aid to South Korea and to cut aid to Europe in half. Chotiner later cited this as the crucial moment of the campaign:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 104], "content_span": [105, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0035-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, General election, War in Korea, conflict in California\nShe was defeated the minute she tried to do it, because she could not sell the people of California that she would be a better fighter against communism than Dick Nixon. She made the fatal mistake of attacking our strength instead of sticking to attacking our weakness.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 104], "content_span": [105, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0036-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, General election, War in Korea, conflict in California\nNixon objected to Douglas's speech, stating that he had opposed the Korea bill because it did not include aid to Taiwan, and had supported it once the aid had been included. As for the Europe charge, according to Nixon biographer Stephen Ambrose, Nixon was so well known as a supporter of the Marshall Plan that Douglas's charge had no credibility. In fact, Nixon had opposed a two-year reauthorization of the Marshall Plan, favoring a one-year reauthorization with a renewal provision, allowing for more congressional oversight.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 104], "content_span": [105, 634]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0037-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, General election, War in Korea, conflict in California\nNixon realized that the battle in California would be fought over the threat of communism, and his campaign staff began to research Douglas's voting record. Republican officials in Washington sent the campaign a report listing 247\u00a0times Marcantonio (who generally followed the Democratic line) and Douglas had voted together, and 11\u00a0times that they had not.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 104], "content_span": [105, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0037-0001", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, General election, War in Korea, conflict in California\nNixon biographer Conrad Black suggests that Nixon's strategy in keeping the focus on communism was to \"distract [Douglas] from her strengths\u2014a sincere and attractive woman fighting bravely for principles most Americans would agree with if they were packaged correctly\u2014to scrapping\u00a0... on matters where she could not win.\" Chotiner stated 20\u00a0years later that Marcantonio suggested the comparison of voting records, as he disliked Douglas for failing to support his beliefs fully.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 104], "content_span": [105, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0038-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, General election, War in Korea, conflict in California\nPublic support for the Korean War initially resulted in anger towards communists, and Nixon advocated the passage of legislation he had previously introduced with Senator Mundt which would tighten restrictions on communists and the Communist Party. Douglas argued that there was already sufficient legislation to effect any necessary prosecutions, and that the Mundt-Nixon bill (soon replaced by the similar McCarran-Wood bill) would erode civil liberties. With the bill sure to pass, Douglas was urged to vote in favor to provide herself with political cover.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 104], "content_span": [105, 665]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0038-0001", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, General election, War in Korea, conflict in California\nShe declined to do so, though fellow California Representative Chester E. Holifield warned her that she would not be able to get around the state fast enough to explain her vote and Nixon would \"beat [her] brains in\". Douglas was one of only 20\u00a0representatives (including Marcantonio) who voted against the bill. Truman vetoed it; Congress enacted it over his veto by wide margins in late September. Douglas was one of 47\u00a0representatives (including Marcantonio) to vote to sustain the veto. In a radio broadcast soon after the veto override, Douglas announced that she stood with the President, Attorney General J. Howard McGrath and FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover in their fight against communism.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 104], "content_span": [105, 801]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0039-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, General election, Debut of the Pink Sheet\nOn September 10, Eleanor Roosevelt, the late president's widow and the gubernatorial candidate's mother, arrived in California for a quick campaign swing to support her son and Douglas before she had to return to New York as a delegate to the United Nations. Douglas hoped that the former first lady's visit would mark a turning point in the campaign. At a Democratic rally featuring Mrs. Roosevelt the next day in Long Beach, Nixon workers first handed out a flyer headed \"Douglas\u2013Marcantonio Voting Record\", printed with dark ink on pink paper.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 91], "content_span": [92, 638]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0039-0001", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, General election, Debut of the Pink Sheet\nThe legal-size flyer compared the voting records of Douglas and Marcantonio, principally in the area of national security, and concluded that they were indistinguishable. In contrast, the flyer said, Nixon had voted entirely in opposition to the \"Douglas\u2013Marcantonio Axis\". It implied that sending Douglas to the Senate would be no different from electing Marcantonio, and asked if that was what Californians wanted. The paper soon became known as the \"Pink Sheet\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 91], "content_span": [92, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0039-0002", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, General election, Debut of the Pink Sheet\nChotiner later stated that the color choice was made at the print shop when campaign officials approved the final copy, and \"for some reason or other it just seemed to appeal to us for the moment\". An initial print run of 50,000 was soon followed by a reprint of 500,000, distributed principally in heavily populated Southern California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 91], "content_span": [92, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0040-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, General election, Debut of the Pink Sheet\nDouglas made no immediate response to the Pink Sheet, despite the advice of Mrs. Roosevelt, who appreciated its power and urged her to answer it. Douglas later stated that she had failed to understand the appeal of the Pink Sheet to voters, and simply thought it absurd. Nixon followed up on the Pink Sheet with a radio address on September 18, accusing Douglas of being \"a member of a small clique which joins the notorious communist party-liner Vito Marcantonio of New York, in voting time after time against measures that are for the security of this country\". He assailed Douglas for advocating that Taiwan's seat on the United Nations Security Council be given to the People's Republic of China, as appeasement towards communism.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 91], "content_span": [92, 826]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0041-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, General election, Debut of the Pink Sheet\nLate in September, Douglas complained of alleged whispering campaigns aimed at her husband's Jewish heritage, and which stated that he was a communist. At the end of September, the splits in the Democratic Party became open when 64\u00a0prominent Democrats, led by George Creel, endorsed Nixon and castigated Douglas. Creel said, \"She has voted consistently with Vito Marcantonio. Belated flag-waving cannot erase this damning record, nor can the tawdry pretense of 'liberalism' excuse it.\" According to Creel, Downey was working behind the scenes to secure Nixon's election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 91], "content_span": [92, 662]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0042-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, General election, Debut of the Pink Sheet\nJames Roosevelt's lackluster campaign led Douglas backers to state that he was not only failing to help Douglas, he was not even helping himself. With polls showing the two major Democratic candidates in dire straits, Roosevelt wrote to President Truman, proposing that Truman campaign in the state in the final days before the election. Truman refused to do so. He also declined Douglas's pleas for a letter of support (privately calling her \"one of the worst nuisances\"), and even refused to allow her to be photographed with him at a signing ceremony for a water bill which would benefit California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 91], "content_span": [92, 694]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0042-0001", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, General election, Debut of the Pink Sheet\nWhen Truman flew to Wake Island in early October to confer with General Douglas MacArthur regarding the Korean situation, he returned via San Francisco, but told the press he had no political appointments scheduled. He spoke at an event at the War Memorial Opera House during his stopover, but both Roosevelt and Douglas were relegated to orchestra-level seats, far from the presidential box. Vice President Alben Barkley did visit the state to campaign for the Democrats. However, Time magazine wrote that he did not appear to be helpful to Douglas's campaign.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 91], "content_span": [92, 653]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0042-0002", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, General election, Debut of the Pink Sheet\nThe Vice President stated that while he was not familiar with Douglas's votes, he was certain that she had voted the way she did out of sincere conviction and urged Californians to give the Senate a \"dose of brains and beauty\". Attorney General McGrath also came to California to campaign for the Democrats, and freshman Senator Hubert Humphrey of Minnesota tirelessly worked the San Joaquin Valley, talking to farmers and workers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 91], "content_span": [92, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0043-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, General election, Name-calling and supporters: the final days\nDouglas adopted Boddy's \"Tricky Dick\" nickname for Nixon, and also referred to him as \"pee wee\". Her name-calling had an effect on Nixon: when told she had called him \"a young man with a dark shirt\" in an allusion to Nazism, he inquired, \"Did she say that? Why, I'll castrate her.\" Campaign official Bill Arnold joked that it would be difficult to do, and Nixon replied that he would do it anyway. Nixon returned the attacks; at friendly gatherings and especially at all-male events, he stated that Douglas was \"pink right down to her underwear\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 111], "content_span": [112, 658]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0044-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, General election, Name-calling and supporters: the final days\nDouglas's last large-scale advertisement blitz contained another Nazi allusion. Citing five votes in which Nixon and Marcantonio had voted together and in opposition to Douglas, it accused Nixon of using \"the big lie\" and stated: \"HITLER invented it/STALIN perfected it/NIXON uses it\". Nixon responded, \"Truth is not smear. She made the record. She has not denied a single vote. The iron curtain of silence has closed around the opposition camp.\" Through the final days of the campaign, he struck a constant drumbeat: Douglas was soft on communism.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 111], "content_span": [112, 660]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0045-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, General election, Name-calling and supporters: the final days\nThough polls showed Nixon well ahead, his campaign did not let up. A fundraising solicitation warned, \"Right Now Nixon Is Losing ... Not Enough Money\". Skywriting urged voters to cast their ballots for him. Borrowing an idea from Nixon's 1946 campaign, the campaign announced that people should answer their phones, \"Vote for Nixon\"; random calls would be made from campaign headquarters and households that answered their phones that way would receive scarce consumer appliances. Chotiner even instructed that 18-month-old copies of The Saturday Evening Post, containing a flattering story about Nixon, be left in doctor's offices, barber shops, and other places where people wait across the state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 111], "content_span": [112, 811]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0046-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, General election, Name-calling and supporters: the final days\nIn the last days of the campaign, Douglas finally began to receive some of the support she had hoped for. Boddy's paper endorsed her, while Truman praised her. Douglas's actor husband, Melvyn Douglas, on tour with the play Two Blind Mice throughout the campaign, spoke out on behalf of his wife, as did movie stars Myrna Loy and Eddie Cantor. Nixon had several Hollywood personalities supporting him, including Howard Hughes, Cecil B. DeMille and John Wayne.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 111], "content_span": [112, 570]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0046-0001", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, General election, Name-calling and supporters: the final days\nAnother actor, Ronald Reagan, was among Douglas's supporters, but when his girlfriend and future wife Nancy Davis took him to a pro-Nixon rally led by actress ZaSu Pitts, he was converted to Nixon's cause and led quiet fundraising for him. Douglas was apparently unaware of this\u201430\u00a0years later she mentioned Reagan in her memoirs as someone who worked hard for her.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 111], "content_span": [112, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0047-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, General election, Name-calling and supporters: the final days\nChotiner had worked on Warren's 1942 campaign, but had parted ways from him, and the popular governor did not want to be connected to the Nixon campaign. Nonetheless, Chotiner sought to maneuver him into an endorsement. Chotiner instructed Young Republicans head and future congressman Joseph F. Holt to follow Douglas from appearance to appearance and demand to know who she was supporting for governor, as other Young Republicans handed out copies of the Pink Sheet.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 111], "content_span": [112, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0047-0001", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, General election, Name-calling and supporters: the final days\nDouglas repeatedly avoided the question, but with four days to go before the election and the Democratic candidate near exhaustion from the bitter campaign, she responded that she hoped and prayed that Roosevelt would be elected. Holt contacted a delighted Chotiner, who had a reporter ask Warren about Douglas's comments, and the governor responded, \"In view of her statement, I might ask her how she expects I will vote when I mark my ballot for United States senator on Tuesday.\" Chotiner publicized this response as an endorsement of Nixon, and the campaign assured voters that Nixon would be voting for Warren as well.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 111], "content_span": [112, 735]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0048-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, General election, Name-calling and supporters: the final days\nDespite the polls, Douglas was confident that the Democratic registration edge would lead her to victory, so much so that she offered a Roosevelt staffer a job in her senatorial office. On election day, November 7, 1950, Nixon defeated Douglas by 59\u00a0percent to 41. Of California's 58\u00a0counties, Douglas won only five, all in Northern California and with relatively small populations; Nixon won every urban area. Although Warren defeated Roosevelt by an even larger margin, Nixon won by the greatest number of votes of any 1950 Senate candidate. Douglas, in her concession speech, declined to congratulate Nixon. Marcantonio was also defeated in his New York district.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 111], "content_span": [112, 778]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0049-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, Aftermath, Candidates\nA week after the election, Downey announced that he was resigning for health reasons. Warren appointed Nixon to the short remainder of Downey's term; under the Senate rules at the time, this gave Nixon seniority over the senators sworn in during January. Nixon took office on December 4, 1950. He used little of his seniority, since in November 1952 he was elected vice president as Dwight Eisenhower's running mate, the next step on a path that would lead him to the presidency in 1969.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 71], "content_span": [72, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0049-0001", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, Aftermath, Candidates\nDowney, who as a former senator retained floor privileges, was hired as a lobbyist by oil interests. In 1952, as Republicans took over the White House and control of both houses of Congress, he was fired. An aide stated that the big corporations did not need Downey anymore. Boddy, dispirited by his election defeat and feeling let down by the average citizens for whom he had sought to advocate, lapsed into semi-retirement after his primary defeat. In 1952, he sold his interest in the Daily News, which went into bankruptcy in December 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 71], "content_span": [72, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0050-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, Aftermath, Candidates\nIt was rumored that Douglas would be given a political appointment in the Truman administration, but the Nixon-Douglas race had made such an appointment too controversial for the President. According to Democratic National Committee vice-chair India Edwards, a Douglas supporter, the former congresswoman could not have been appointed dogcatcher. In 1952, she returned to acting, and eight years later campaigned for John F. Kennedy during Nixon's first, unsuccessful presidential run. She also campaigned for George McGovern in his unsuccessful bid to prevent Nixon's 1972 reelection, and called for his ouster from office during the Watergate scandal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 71], "content_span": [72, 725]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0051-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, Aftermath, Candidates\nLess than a week after the election, Douglas wrote to one of her supporters that she did not think there was anything her campaign could have done to change the result. Blaming the war, voter mistrust of Truman's foreign policy, and high prices at home, Douglas stated that she lost in California because Nixon was able to take a large part of the women's vote and the labor vote. Later in November, she indicated that liberals must undertake a massive effort to win in 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 71], "content_span": [72, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0051-0001", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, Aftermath, Candidates\nIn 1956, she stated in an interview that, while Nixon had never called her a communist, he had designed his whole campaign to create the impression that she was a communist or \"communistic\". In 1959, she wrote that she had not particularly wanted to be a senator, and in 1962 she stated that the policy of her campaign was to avoid attacks on Nixon. In her memoirs, published posthumously in 1982, she wrote, \"Nixon had his victory, but I had mine\u00a0... He hadn't touched me. I didn't carry Richard Nixon with me, thank God.\" She concluded her chapter on the 1950 race with, \"There's not much to say about the 1950 campaign except that a man ran for Senate who wanted to get there, and didn't care how.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 71], "content_span": [72, 773]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0052-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, Aftermath, Candidates\nIn 1958, Nixon, by then vice president, allegedly stated that he regretted some of the tactics his campaign had used in the campaign against Douglas, blaming his youth. When the statements were reported, Nixon denied them. He issued press releases defending his campaign, and stating that any impression that Douglas was pro-communist was justified by her record. He said Douglas was part of a whispering campaign accusing him of being \"anti-Semitic and Jim Crow\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 71], "content_span": [72, 536]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0052-0001", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, Aftermath, Candidates\nIn his 1978 memoirs, he stated that \"Helen Douglas lost the election because the voters of California in 1950 were not prepared to elect as their senator anyone with a left-wing voting record or anyone they perceived as being soft on or naive about communism.\" He indicated that Douglas faced difficulties in the campaign because of her gender, but that her \"fatal disadvantage lay in her record and in her views\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 71], "content_span": [72, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0053-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, Aftermath, History and legend\nContemporary accounts ascribed the result to a number of causes. Douglas friend and former Interior Secretary Harold L. Ickes blamed Roosevelt's weak candidacy and what he believed was Nixon's use of the red scare. Supervisor John Anson Ford of Los Angeles County chalked up the result to Nixon's skill as a speaker and a lack of objective reporting by the press. Douglas's campaign treasurer, Alvin Meyers, stated that while labor financed Douglas's campaign, it failed to vote for her, and blamed the Truman Administration for \"dumping\" her.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 79], "content_span": [80, 623]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0053-0001", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, Aftermath, History and legend\nDouglas's San Diego campaign manager claimed that 500,000 people in San Diego and Los Angeles had received anonymous phone calls alleging Douglas was a communist, though he could not name anyone who had received such a call. Time magazine wrote that Nixon triumphed \"by making the Administration's failures in Asia his major issue\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 79], "content_span": [80, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0054-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, Aftermath, History and legend\nAs Nixon continued his political rise and then moved towards his downfall, the 1950 race increasingly took on sinister tones. According to Nixon biographer Earl Mazo, \"Nothing in the litany of reprehensible conduct charged against Nixon, the campaigner, has been cited more often than the tactics by which he defeated Congresswoman Helen Gahagan Douglas for senator.\" Douglas friend and McGovern campaign manager Frank Mankiewicz, in his 1973 biography, Perfectly Clear: Nixon from Whittier to Watergate, focused on the race and the Pink Sheet, and alleged that Nixon never won a free election, that is, one without \"major fraud\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 79], "content_span": [80, 710]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0055-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, Aftermath, History and legend\nHistorian Ingrid Scobie came to a different conclusion in her biography of Douglas, Center Stage. Scobie concluded that, given voter attitudes at the time, no woman could have won that race. Scobie stated that Nixon's tactics, which used voter anger at communists, contributed to the magnitude of Douglas's defeat, as did the fragmentation of the California Democratic Party in 1950, the weakness of Roosevelt at the head of the ticket, Douglas's idealistic positions (to the left of many California Democrats) and Boddy's attacks. In his early biography of Nixon, Mazo contrasted the two campaigns and concluded, \"when compared with the surgeons of the Nixon camp, the Douglas operators performed like apprentice butchers\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 79], "content_span": [80, 804]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0056-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, Aftermath, History and legend\nBoth Roger Morris and Greg Mitchell (who wrote a book about the 1950 race) conclude that Nixon spent large sums of money on the campaign, with Morris estimating $1\u20132\u00a0million (perhaps $12\u00a0million\u2013$24\u00a0million today) and Mitchell suggesting twice that. Gellman, in his later book, conceded that Nixon's officially reported amount of $4,209 was understated, but indicated that campaign finance law at that time was filled with loopholes, and few if any candidates admitted to their full spending. He considered Morris's and Mitchell's earlier estimates, though, to be \"guess[es]\" and \"fantastic\". Black suggests that Nixon spent about $1.5\u00a0million and Douglas just under half of that.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 79], "content_span": [80, 760]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0057-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, Aftermath, History and legend\nAs an actress, she entered Broadway as a star on sheer talent and little training\u00a0... [ As an opera singer], she sang abroad for two summers, fully expecting that the next step would be the Metropolitan Opera. In politics after five months of working with the [California Democratic] Women's Division, it seemed only natural that she head the state's organization and serve as Democratic National Committeewoman. Restless after three years in those positions, she saw the possibility of becoming a member of Congress as a logical next step.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 79], "content_span": [80, 620]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068038-0057-0001", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in California, Aftermath, History and legend\nOnly four years later, she felt ready to run for the Senate. But her lack of political experience and her inflexible stands on political issues, along with gender questions, eroded the support of the Democratic Party in 1950. What in fact may have hurt her the most is that for which she is most remembered\u2014her idealism.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 79], "content_span": [80, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068039-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in Connecticut\nThe 1950 United States Senate election in Connecticut was held on November 7, 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068039-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in Connecticut\nIncumbent Democratic Senator Brien McMahon was re-elected to a second term in office over Republican former U.S. Representative Joseph E. Talbot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068040-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in Florida\nThe 1950 United States Senate election in Florida was held on November 7, 1950. Incumbent Senator Claude Pepper ran for a third term in office but was defeated in the Democratic primary by U.S. Representative George Smathers, who went on to easily win the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068040-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in Florida\nThe primary campaign has been described as one of the \"most bitter and ugly campaigns in Florida political history.\" Pepper was targeted for his opposition to incumbent President Harry Truman during the 1948 Democratic Party presidential primaries. Smathers also accused Pepper of ties to communist organizations and the Soviet Union, making this race emblematic of the second Red Scare in American politics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068040-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in Florida\nThe general election was low-key, as the Democratic primary was effectively tantamount to election. Smathers defeated Republican John P. Booth in a landslide. After the election, Pepper remained active in politics, mounting an unsuccessful run for Senate again in 1958 and then winning an election to a U.S. House seat in 1962, a position he held until his death in 1989. Smathers served in the Senate until retiring in 1968.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068040-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in Florida, Background\nEarly in his senate career, Claude Pepper was a close ally of President Franklin D. Roosevelt and was among the leading advocates for the passage of New Deal legislation. According to a personal account by Pepper, following his closer than expected re-election in 1944, efforts began to mobilize for his defeat in 1950. Wealthy businessman Edward Ball raised approximately $62,000 in a single afternoon for a war chest that would later be used to beat Pepper. After Roosevelt's death in 1945, Pepper provided only lukewarm support to his successor \u2013 Harry Truman. Pepper had been part of an unsuccessful 1948 campaign to \"dump\" Truman as the Democratic presidential nominee and suggested that the Democrats nominate Dwight D. Eisenhower, who had no political party affiliation at the time. Tensions began to grow between Truman and Pepper.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 57], "content_span": [58, 897]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068040-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in Florida, Background\nDuring the summer of 1949, then-U.S. House Representative George Smathers began to seriously contemplate running for the senate seat. Truman called Smathers into a White House meeting, when Truman reportedly said, \"I want you to do me a favor. I want you to beat that son-of-a-bitch Claude Pepper.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 57], "content_span": [58, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068040-0004-0001", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in Florida, Background\nIn August, Pepper received a letter from Smathers' brother Frank, indicating that George would run against Pepper unless he was nominated for Solicitor General of the United States, if Smathers would be allowed to have a say in the nomination of a new senator if a vacancy resulted, and if Smathers were to receive the support of Pepper if he ran for governor in 1952. Pepper refused the deal and spoke with Truman during his visit to Miami, when Truman promised to assist Pepper in winning re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 57], "content_span": [58, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068040-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in Florida, Democratic primary, Campaign\nThe Democratic primary for the 1950 United States Senate election in Florida was described as the \"most bitter and ugly campaigns in Florida political history.\" Ormund Powers, a Central Florida historian, noted that ABC and NBC commentator David Brinkley said that \"the Peppers-Smathers campaign would always stand out in his mind as the dirtiest in the history of American politics\". On January\u00a012, 1950, U.S. Representative George A. Smathers declared his candidacy for the race in Orlando at Kemp's Coliseum, where about 3,000\u00a0supporters had gathered. In his opening speech, Smathers accused Pepper of being \"the leader of the radicals and extremists\", an advocate of treason, and a person against the constitutional rights of Americans. Ed Ball, a power in state politics who had broken with Claude Pepper, financed his opponent, Smathers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 75], "content_span": [76, 919]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068040-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in Florida, Democratic primary, Campaign\nPrior to the entry of Smathers and Pepper, Orlando attorney James G. Horrell campaigned for the seat. Horrell researched Pepper's weaknesses and the state's voters. Horrell also compiled a list of communist-front groups that Pepper had communicated with. On the day that Pepper declared his candidacy, Horrell withdrew and endorsed Smathers. Horrell also sent his reports about Pepper to Smathers, which he used throughout the next few months. This would also prevent the chance of a run-off election. In late February and early March, the Jacksonville Journal conducted a poll in 11\u00a0counties important for the election. Smathers led by about 2-to-1 and dominated in Duval, Pinellas, and Volusia counties, while he was also statistically tied with Pepper in Dade, Escambia, and Hillsborough counties. However, Smathers did not trail in any of the 11\u00a0counties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 75], "content_span": [76, 935]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068040-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in Florida, Democratic primary, Campaign\nSmathers repeatedly attacked \"Red Pepper\" for having communist sympathies, condemning both his support for universal health care and his alleged support for the Soviet Union. Pepper had traveled to the Soviet Union in 1945 and, after meeting Soviet leader Joseph Stalin, declared he was \"a man Americans could trust.\" Additionally, although Pepper supported universal health care, sometimes referred to as \"socialized medicine\", Smathers voted for \"socialized medicine\" in the senate when it was introduced as Medicare in 1965. In The Saturday Evening Post, even respected writer and notorious anti-segregation editor Ralph McGill labeled Pepper a \"spell-binding pinko\". Beginning on March\u00a028 and until the day of the primary, Smathers named one communist organization each day that Pepper addressed, starting with the American Slav Congress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 75], "content_span": [76, 918]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068040-0008-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in Florida, Democratic primary, Campaign\nPepper's opponents circulated widely a 49-page booklet titled The Red Record of Senator Claude Pepper. It contained photographs and headlines from several communist publications such as the Daily Worker. In April the Daily Worker endorsed Pepper, with Communist Party of Florida leader George Nelson warning that a Smathers victory would \"strengthen the Dixiecrat-KKK forces in Florida as well as throughout the South.\" The booklet also made it seem as if Pepper desired to give Russia nuclear bomb-making instructions, billions of dollars, and the United States' natural resources. There was also a double page montage of Pepper in 1946 at New York City's Madison Square Garden with progressive Henry A. Wallace and civil rights activist Paul Robeson, and quoted Pepper speaking favorably of both of them. Throughout the campaign, Pepper denied sympathizing with communism.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 75], "content_span": [76, 950]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068040-0009-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in Florida, Democratic primary, Campaign\nSimultaneous to this election, then-U.S. House Representative Richard Nixon was running for the senate seat in California. In a letter from Senator Karl E. Mundt of South Dakota, he told Nixon that \"It occurs to me that if Helen is your opponent in the fall, something of a similar nature might well be produced\", in reference to The Red Record of Senator Claude Pepper and a similar Democratic primary between Manchester Boddy and Helen Gahagan Douglas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 75], "content_span": [76, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068040-0010-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in Florida, Democratic primary, Campaign\nRace also played a role in the election. Labor unions began a voter registration drive, which mostly added African Americans to the voter rolls. Smathers accused the \"Northern labor bosses\" of paying black people to register and vote for Pepper. Shortly after Smathers declared his candidacy, he indicated to the Florida Peace Officers Association that he would defend law enforcement officers for free if they were found guilty of civil rights violations. With the election occurring during the era of racial segregation, Pepper was portrayed as favoring integration and interracial marriage. He was also labeled a \"nigger lover\" and accused by Orlando Sentinel publisher Martin Andersen of shaking hands with a black woman in Sanford. In Dade County, which had a significant black and Jewish population, doctored photographs depicting Smathers in a Ku Klux Klan hood were distributed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 75], "content_span": [76, 962]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068040-0011-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in Florida, Democratic primary, Campaign\nIn the Groveland Case, four young African American men \u2013 Charles Greenlee, Walter Irvin, Samuel Shepherd, and Ernest Thomas \u2013 known as the Groveland Four, were accused of raping a 17-year old white women in Groveland on July\u00a016, 1949. Thomas fled the area but was later shot and killed by police. Greenlee, Irvin, and Shepherd were convicted by an all-white jury. After the St. Petersburg Times questioned the verdict in April\u00a01950, Lake County State Attorney J. W. Hunter, a supporter of Pepper, demanded that Pepper repudiate the news articles. However, Pepper refused. Hunter then denounced Pepper and endorsed Smathers. In addition to the racial violence, cross burning was also common at the time, with five in Jacksonville, ten in Orlando and Winter Park, and seventeen in the Tallahassee area.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 75], "content_span": [76, 876]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068040-0012-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in Florida, Democratic primary, Campaign\nWith the accusation of \"Northern labor bosses\" sending \"the carpetbaggers of 1950\" to Florida on his behalf, Pepper reminded voters that Smathers was born in New Jersey and sometimes referred to him as a \"damn Yankee intruder\". In response, Smathers decorated speaking platform in the colors of his alma mater at the University of Florida, orange and blue, while informing his supporters that Pepper graduated from Harvard Law School.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 75], "content_span": [76, 510]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068040-0013-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in Florida, Democratic primary, Campaign\nPowers noted that throughout the campaign, \"scarcely a day passed\" without Andersen writing a news story, column, or editorial that was very positive of Smathers or highly critical of Pepper. Thirty-eight daily newspapers in Florida endorsed Smathers, while only the St. Petersburg Times and The Daytona Beach News-Journal endorsed Pepper. Among the newspapers that supported Smathers were the Miami Herald, owned by John S. Knight, and the Miami Daily News, published by James M. Cox, a former Governor of Ohio and the Democratic Party nominee for the 1920 presidential election. However, Pepper's aides compared this situation to when Alf Landon was endorsed by more editors and newspapers than Franklin Roosevelt in 1936, but received far fewer votes than him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 75], "content_span": [76, 839]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068040-0014-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in Florida, Democratic primary, Campaign, Redneck speech\nPart of American political lore is the Smathers \"redneck speech,\" which Smathers reportedly delivered to a poorly educated audience. The alleged comments were recorded in a small magazine, picked up in Time and elsewhere and etched into the public\u2019s memories. Time Magazine, during the campaign, claimed that Smathers said this:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 91], "content_span": [92, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068040-0015-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in Florida, Democratic primary, Campaign, Redneck speech\nThe leading reporter who actually covered Smathers said he always gave the same speech. No Florida newspapers covering the campaign ever reported such remarks contemporaneously. Smathers offered $10,000 to anyone who could prove he said it, and there were no takers before his death on January 20, 2007.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 91], "content_span": [92, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068040-0016-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in Florida, Democratic primary, Results\nSmathers defeated incumbent Pepper in the primary election on May\u00a02, 1950, by a margin of 9.56% \u2013 or a total of 67,561\u00a0votes. Smathers performed generally well across many areas of the state, with the exception of Miami, Tampa, and the Florida Panhandle. On the morning after the election, Andersen wrote on the front-page headline of the Orlando Sentinel, \"Praise God From Whom All Blessings Flow ... We Have Won from Hell to Breakfast And From Dan to Beersheba ... And Staved Off Socialism\", which was inspired by a headline in The New York Times celebrating Lawerence of Arabia's victory over the Turks in 1917.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 74], "content_span": [75, 689]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068040-0017-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in Florida, Republican primary\nOn January\u00a021, 1950, Coral Gables attorney John P. Booth entered the race after qualifying with Secretary of State of Florida Robert Andrew Gray. Booth received no primary opposition and thus became the Republican Party nominee by default.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 65], "content_span": [66, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068040-0018-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in Florida, General election\nSmathers defeated Booth in a landslide in the general election on November\u00a07. Results indicated that Smathers received 76.3% of the vote compared to just 23.7% for Booth. In the popular vote, Smathers garnered 238,987\u00a0votes versus 74,228\u00a0for Booth. Smathers fared well throughout the state and won all but Pinellas County.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 63], "content_span": [64, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068040-0019-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in Florida, Aftermath\nFollowing the primary defeat, Pepper mounted a bid for United States Senate again in 1958, but lost to incumbent Spessard Holland in the Democratic primary by a margin of 11.89%. In 1962, Pepper successfully ran for Florida's 3rd congressional district in the United States House of Representatives. He remained a member of the House until his death on May\u00a030, 1989.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 56], "content_span": [57, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068041-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in Georgia\nThe 1950 United States Senate election in Georgia took place on November 7, 1950. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Walter F. George was re-elected to a sixth term in office.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068041-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in Georgia\nAs was common at the time, the Democratic candidate ran with no opposition in the general election so therefore the Democratic primary was the real contest, and winning the primary was considered tantamount to election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068041-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in Georgia, Democratic primary, County unit system\nFrom 1917 until 1962, the Democratic Party in the U.S. state of Georgia used a voting system called the county unit system to determine victors in statewide primary elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 85], "content_span": [86, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068041-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in Georgia, Democratic primary, County unit system\nThe system was ostensibly designed to function similarly to the Electoral College, but in practice the large ratio of unit votes for small, rural counties to unit votes for more populous urban areas provided outsized political influence to the smaller counties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 85], "content_span": [86, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068041-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in Georgia, Democratic primary, County unit system\nUnder the county unit system, the 159 counties in Georgia were divided by population into three categories. The largest eight counties were classified as \"Urban\", the next-largest 30 counties were classified as \"Town\", and the remaining 121 counties were classified as \"Rural\". Urban counties were given 6 unit votes, Town counties were given 4 unit votes, and Rural counties were given 2 unit votes, for a total of 410 available unit votes. Each county's unit votes were awarded on a winner-take-all basis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 85], "content_span": [86, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068041-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in Georgia, Democratic primary, County unit system\nCandidates were required to obtain a majority of unit votes (not necessarily a majority of the popular vote), or 206 total unit votes, to win the election. If no candidate received a majority in the initial primary, a runoff election was held between the top two candidates to determine a winner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 85], "content_span": [86, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068042-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in Illinois\nThe 1950 United States Senate election in Illinois was held on November 7, 1950 to elect one of Illinois's members to the United States Senate. Republican Everett Dirksen defeated incumbent Democratic Senator and Senate Majority Leader Scott W. Lucas, who had been seeking a third term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068042-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in Illinois\nThis was the last time a Senate party leader lost re-election until 2004.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068042-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in Illinois, Election information\nThe primaries and general election coincided with those for House and state elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 68], "content_span": [69, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068042-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in Illinois, General election\nDirksen carried 82 of the state's 102 counties. Among the 88 counties that Dirksen won was the state's most populous county, Cook County, in which Dirksen won with 50.01% to Lucas' 49.60%. Despite losing in Cook County, Lucas performed better in the county than he did in the cumulative vote of the remaining 101 counties, where Dirksen won 57.56% to Lucas' 42.13%. 54.54% of the votes cast in the election were from Cook County.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 64], "content_span": [65, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068043-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in Indiana\nThe 1950 United States Senate election in Indiana took place on November 7, 1950. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Homer Capehart was re-elected to a second term in office, defeating Democrat Alex Campbell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068044-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in Maryland\nThe 1950 United States Senate election in Maryland was held on November 6, 1950. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Millard Tydings ran for a fifth term in office, but was defeated by Republican John Marshall Butler.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068044-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in Maryland, Republican primary, Results\nAlthough Markey received more raw votes than Butler, Butler received the highest unit vote at the State Convention and was nominated for Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 75], "content_span": [76, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068045-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in New York\nThe United States Senate election of 1950 in New York was held on November 7, 1950. Incumbent Democratic Senator Herbert H. Lehman was re-elected to a full term in office over Republican Joe Hanley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068045-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in New York\nThis election is also noted for the campaign of African-American cultural and civil rights icon W. E. B. Du Bois, who ran at age 82 on the American Labor Party ticket.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068046-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in North Carolina\nThe 1950 United States Senate election in North Carolina was held on November 7, 1950. Incumbent Democratic Senator Clyde R. Hoey was re-elected to a second term in office over Republican Halsey B. Leavitt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068047-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in North Dakota\nThe 1950 United States Senate election in North Dakota took place on November 7, 1950. Incumbent Republican Senator Milton Young ran for re-election to a second term. In the Republican primary, he faced former Lieutenant Governor Thorstein H. Thoresen, who was endorsed by the Nonpartisan League. After winning the primary in a landslide, he faced State Senator Harry O'Brien, the Democratic nominee, in the general election. Aided by the national Republican landslide, Young defeated O'Brien in a landslide to win re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068048-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in Ohio\nThe 1950 United States Senate election in Ohio took place on November 7, 1950. Incumbent Senator Robert A. Taft was elected to a third term in office, easily defeating Democratic State Auditor Joseph T. Ferguson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068048-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in Ohio, Background\nSenator Taft unsuccessfully sought the Republican presidential nomination in 1940 and 1948 and was a national leader of the party's conservative wing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 54], "content_span": [55, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068049-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in Oklahoma\nThe 1950 United States Senate election in Oklahoma took place on November 7, 1950. Incumbent Democratic Senator Elmer Thomas ran for re-election to a fifth term. However, though he had successfully beat back primary challengers in past elections, he was ultimately defeated by Congressman Mike Monroney. Monroney advanced to the general election, where he faced Reverend Bill Alexander, the Republican nominee. Despite the national Republican landslide, Monroney defeated Alexander by a wide margin, holding the seat for the Democratic Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068050-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania\nThe 1950 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania was held on November 7, 1950. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Francis J. Myers sought re-election, but was defeated by Republican nominee James H. Duff.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068051-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in South Carolina\nThe 1950 South Carolina United States Senate election was held on November 7, 1950 to select the U.S. Senator from the state of South Carolina. Incumbent Democratic Senator Olin D. Johnston defeated Strom Thurmond in a bitterly contested Democratic primary on July 11 and was unopposed in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068051-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in South Carolina, Democratic primary, Campaign\nStrom Thurmond entered the Democratic primary hoping to parlay his momentum from the 1948 presidential campaign into a victory against incumbent Senator Olin D. Johnston. The move was highly controversial because Thurmond had promised to never run against Johnston if he pledged his support for his gubernatorial campaign in 1946, which Johnston did. The men represented two vastly different segments of the electorate in South Carolina, the textile workers of the Upstate supported Johnston and the aristocracy backed Thurmond. The passions both sides felt for their respective candidates led to the race being billed as the \"Campaign of the Century.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 82], "content_span": [83, 735]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068051-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in South Carolina, Democratic primary, Campaign\nThe campaign began on May 23 in Lexington and Thurmond attacked Johnston for being soft on segregation and too close to the administration of President Truman. At a campaign stop for the Democratic candidates in Newberry on June 26, Thurmond accused Johnston of being \"silent as a tomb\" when Truman ordered the integration of the military and called out Johnston to stand up and deny it. Johnston stood up and yelled back at Thurmond that he was a liar to which chaos ensued. Thurmond challenged Johnston to a fight and after the meeting as Johnston went to shake Thurmond's hand, Thurmond grabbed Johnston's arm and swung him around. A fight between the two men was only prevented due to the timely intervention of campaign aides and supporters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 82], "content_span": [83, 829]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068051-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in South Carolina, Democratic primary, Campaign\nThroughout the campaign, Thurmond painted Johnston as a Southern liberal senator similar to Senators Frank Porter Graham of North Carolina and Claude Pepper of Florida, both of whom were defeated in their primaries. Johnston responded that he was a key player in a bloc of Southern senators led by Richard Russell of Georgia in defeating civil rights bills. Furthermore, Johnston attacked Thurmond for having appointed T.C. McFall, a black doctor, to the state medical advisory board while Governor of South Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 82], "content_span": [83, 600]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068051-0003-0001", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in South Carolina, Democratic primary, Campaign\nMcFall was the first black appointed to a state position since Reconstruction and Johnston accused Thurmond of making the appointment to capture the black vote. In Charleston at College Park, Johnston declared to the crowd that he \"would never have appointed the nigger physician of Charleston, Dr. T.C. McFall, to displace your beloved white physician of this community.\" A chorus of boos rang out from the blacks in attendance and Johnston shouted \"Make those niggers keep quiet!\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 82], "content_span": [83, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068051-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in South Carolina, Democratic primary, Campaign\nThurmond attacked Johnston's record as governor claiming that he had released 3,221 criminals from prison and stated that \"it was easier to get out of the penitentiary than it was to get in it.\" Johnston referred to state statistics that showed he had only pardoned, paroled, or commuted the sentences of 671 criminals. Furthermore, he said that some of the men he had released were named honorary colonels by Thurmond. This charge was given credence because Thurmond refused to make public his list of honorary colonels.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 82], "content_span": [83, 604]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068051-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in South Carolina, Democratic primary, Campaign\nOne policy in which the two candidates did disagree on was federal aid to education. While governor, Thurmond had been supportive of assistance from the federal government, but he reversed his position because he feared that the federal government would eventually force integration upon the states. Johnston countered that the state universities received federal funds, but remained segregated and that the state desperately needed assistance because its teachers were grossly underpaid.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 82], "content_span": [83, 571]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068051-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in South Carolina, Democratic primary, Campaign\nThe South Carolina Democratic Party held the primary on July 11 and Johnston emerged as the clear winner. It was estimated that approximately 50,000 blacks voted in the election and they overwhelmingly cast their ballot for Johnston. While the blacks were repulsed by both men's positions on civil rights, they gave their support to Johnston because he had a progressive record and they wanted to penalize Thurmond for his 1948 presidential campaign.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 82], "content_span": [83, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068052-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in South Dakota\nThe 1950 United States Senate election in South Dakota took place on November 7, 1950. Incumbent Republican Senator Chan Gurney ran for re-election to a third term. He was challenged in the Republican primary by Congressman Francis H. Case, who had represented the 2nd District since 1939. In the general election, Case faced John A. Engel, an attorney and the 1948 Democratic nominee for the U.S. Senate. As the Republican Party was making significant gains nationwide, Case defeated Engel in a landslide.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068053-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate election in Vermont\nThe 1950 United States Senate election in Vermont took place on November 7, 1950. Incumbent Republican George Aiken ran successfully for re-election to another term in the United States Senate, defeating Democratic challenger James E. Bigelow.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068054-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate elections\nThe 1950 United States Senate elections occurred in the middle of Harry S. Truman's second term as President. As with most 20th-century second-term mid-terms, the party not holding the Presidency made significant gains. The Republican opposition made a net gain of five seats, taking advantage of the Democratic administration's declining popularity during the Cold War and the aftermath of the Recession of 1949. The Democrats held a narrow 49-to-47-seat majority after the election. This was the first time since 1932 that the Senate Majority Leader lost his seat, and the only instance of the majority leader losing his seat while his party retained the majority.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 702]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068054-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate elections\nThis was the last midterm, which had more than one seat flip parties, where all seats that flipped parties flipped to a party that had won the state in either the preceding or succeeding presidential election until 2018.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068054-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate elections, Results summary\nColored shading indicates party with largest share of that row.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 52], "content_span": [53, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068054-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate elections, Holds following a lost re-nomination\nIn these cases, the incumbent or appointee lost renomination, but the party managed to retain the seat in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 73], "content_span": [74, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068054-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Special elections during the 81st Congress\nIn these special elections, the winners were seated during 1950 or before January 3, 1951; ordered by election date.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 95], "content_span": [96, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068054-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Races leading to the 82nd Congress\nIn these regular elections, the winner was seated on January 3, 1951; ordered by state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 87], "content_span": [88, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068054-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate elections, Arizona\nIncumbent Democratic U.S. senator Carl Hayden ran for re-election to a fifth term, defeating Republican nominee Bruce Brockett in the general election. Brockett was formerly the Republican nominee for governor in both 1946 and 1948. Hayden first defeated Cecil H. Miller and Robert E. Miller (of the Arizona Farm Bureau), for the Democratic nomination.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068054-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate elections, Florida\nDemocratic incumbent Senator Claude Pepper lost renomination May 2, 1950 to George A. Smathers, who easily won the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068054-0008-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate elections, Florida\nThe Democratic primary for the 1950 United States Senate election in Florida was described as the \"most bitter and ugly campaigns in Florida political history.\" Ormund Powers, a Central Florida historian, noted that ABC and NBC commentator David Brinkley said that \"the Peppers-Smathers campaign would always stand out in his mind as the dirtiest in the history of American politics\". On January 12, 1950, U.S. Representative George A. Smathers declared his candidacy for the race in Orlando at Kemp's Coliseum, where about 3,000\u00a0supporters had gathered. In his opening speech, Smathers accused Pepper of being \"the leader of the radicals and extremists\", an advocate of treason, and a person against the constitutional rights of Americans. Ed Ball, a power in state politics who had broken with Claude Pepper, financed his opponent, Smathers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 888]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068054-0009-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate elections, Florida\nPrior to the entry of Smathers and Pepper, Orlando attorney James G. Horrell campaigned for the seat. Horrell researched Pepper's weaknesses and the state's voters. Horrell also compiled a list of communist-front groups that Pepper had communicated with. On the day that Pepper declared his candidacy, Horrell withdrew and endorsed Smathers. Horrell also sent his reports about Pepper to Smathers, which he used throughout the next few months. This would also prevent the chance of a run-off election. In late February and early March, the Jacksonville Journal conducted a poll in 11\u00a0counties important for the election. Smathers led by about 2-to-1 and dominated in Duval, Pinellas, and Volusia counties, while he was also statistically tied with Pepper in Dade, Escambia, and Hillsborough counties. However, Smathers did not trail in any of the 11\u00a0counties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 904]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068054-0010-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate elections, Florida\nSmathers repeatedly attacked \"Red Pepper\" for having communist sympathies, condemning both his support for universal health care and his alleged support for the Soviet Union. Pepper had traveled to the Soviet Union in 1945 and, after meeting Soviet leader Joseph Stalin, declared he was \"a man Americans could trust.\" Additionally, although Pepper supported universal health care, sometimes referred to as \"socialized medicine\", Smathers voted for \"socialized medicine\" in the senate when it was introduced as Medicare in 1965. In The Saturday Evening Post, even respected writer and notorious anti-segregation editor Ralph McGill labeled Pepper a \"spell-binding pinko\". Beginning on March 28 and until the day of the primary, Smathers named one communist organization each day that Pepper addressed, starting with the American Slav Congress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 887]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068054-0011-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate elections, Florida\nPepper's opponents circulated widely a 49-page booklet titled The Red Record of Senator Claude Pepper. It contained photographs and headlines from several communist publications such as the Daily Worker. In April the Daily Worker endorsed Pepper, with Communist Party of Florida leader George Nelson warning that a Smathers victory would \"strengthen the Dixiecrat-KKK forces in Florida as well as throughout the South.\" The booklet also made it seem as if Pepper desired to give Russia nuclear bomb-making instructions, billions of dollars, and the United States' natural resources. There was also a double page montage of Pepper in 1946 at New York City's Madison Square Garden with progressive Henry A. Wallace and civil rights activist Paul Robeson, and quoted Pepper speaking favorably of both of them. Throughout the campaign, Pepper denied sympathizing with communism.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 919]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068054-0012-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate elections, Florida\nSimultaneous to this election, then-U.S. House Representative Richard Nixon was running for the senate seat in California. In a letter from Senator Karl E. Mundt of South Dakota, he told Nixon that \"It occurs to me that if Helen is your opponent in the fall, something of a similar nature might well be produced\", in reference to The Red Record of Senator Claude Pepper and a similar Democratic primary between Manchester Boddy and Helen Gahagan Douglas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068054-0013-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate elections, Florida\nRace also played a role in the election. Labor unions began a voter registration drive, which mostly added African Americans to the voter rolls. Smathers accused the \"Northern labor bosses\" of paying black people to register and vote for Pepper. Shortly after Smathers declared his candidacy, he indicated to the Florida Peace Officers Association that he would defend law enforcement officers for free if they were found guilty of civil rights violations. With the election occurring during the era of racial segregation, Pepper was portrayed as favoring integration and interracial marriage. He was also labeled a \"nigger lover\" and accused by Orlando Sentinel publisher Martin Andersen of shaking hands with a black woman in Sanford. In Dade County, which had a significant black and Jewish population, doctored photographs depicting Smathers in a Ku Klux Klan hood were distributed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 931]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068054-0014-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate elections, Florida\nIn the Groveland Case, four young African American men \u2013 Charles Greenlee, Walter Irvin, Samuel Shepherd, and Ernest Thomas \u2013 known as the Groveland Four, were accused of raping a 17-year old white women in Groveland on July 16, 1949. Thomas fled the area but was later shot and killed by police. Greenlee, Irvin, and Shepherd were convicted by an all-white jury. After the St. Petersburg Times questioned the verdict in April 1950, Lake County State Attorney J. W. Hunter, a supporter of Pepper, demanded that Pepper repudiate the news articles. However, Pepper refused. Hunter then denounced Pepper and endorsed Smathers. In addition to the racial violence, cross burning was also common at the time, with five in Jacksonville, ten in Orlando and Winter Park, and seventeen in the Tallahassee area.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 845]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068054-0015-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate elections, Florida\nWith the accusation of \"Northern labor bosses\" sending \"the carpetbaggers of 1950\" to Florida on his behalf, Pepper reminded voters that Smathers was born in New Jersey and sometimes referred to him as a \"damn Yankee intruder\". In response, Smathers decorated speaking platform in the colors of his alma mater at the University of Florida, orange and blue, while informing his supporters that Pepper graduated from Harvard Law School.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068054-0016-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate elections, Florida\nPowers noted that throughout the campaign, \"scarcely a day passed\" without Andersen writing a news story, column, or editorial that was very positive of Smathers or highly critical of Pepper. Thirty-eight daily newspapers in Florida endorsed Smathers, while only the St. Petersburg Times and The Daytona Beach News-Journal endorsed Pepper. Among the newspapers that supported Smathers were the Miami Herald, owned by John S. Knight, and the Miami Daily News, published by James M. Cox, a former Governor of Ohio and the Democratic Party nominee for the 1920 presidential election. However, Pepper's aides compared this situation to when Alf Landon was endorsed by more editors and newspapers than Franklin Roosevelt in 1936, but received far fewer votes than him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 808]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068054-0017-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate elections, Florida\nSmathers performed generally well across many areas of the state, with the exception of Miami, Tampa, and the Florida Panhandle. On the morning after the election, Andersen wrote on the front-page headline of the Orlando Sentinel, \"Praise God From Whom All Blessings Flow ... We Have Won from Hell to Breakfast And From Dan to Beersheba ... And Staved Off Socialism\", which was inspired by a  headline in The New York Times celebrating Lawerence of Arabia's victory over the Turks in 1917.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 534]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068054-0018-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate elections, Florida\nSmathers defeated Booth in a landslide in the general election on November 7. Results indicated that Smathers received 76.3% of the vote compared to just 23.7% for Booth. In the popular vote, Smathers garnered 238,987\u00a0votes versus 74,228\u00a0for Booth. Smathers fared well throughout the state and won all but Pinellas County.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068054-0019-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate elections, Idaho\nThere were two elections on the same day due to the October 8, 1949 death of one-term Democrat Bert H. Miller.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 42], "content_span": [43, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068054-0020-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate elections, Idaho, Idaho (Special)\nRepublican former-senator Henry Dworshak \u2014 who had lost re-election to Miller in 1948 \u2014 was appointed to continue the term pending a special election to the class 2 seat, which he then won.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 59], "content_span": [60, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068054-0021-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate elections, Idaho, Idaho (Regular)\nOne-term Democrat Glen H. Taylor lost renomination to the class 3 seat to his predecessor D. Worth Clark. Taylor had beaten Clark for the Democratic nomination in 1944, and this year Clark did the same to him. However in the general election, Clark was easily beaten by Republican State senator Herman Welker.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 59], "content_span": [60, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068054-0022-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate elections, Indiana\nCapehart would win re-election again in 1956, but lose his seat in 1962.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068054-0023-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate elections, Iowa\nHickenlooper would be re-elected twice more and serve until his retirement in 1963.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 41], "content_span": [42, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068054-0024-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate elections, Kansas\nThere were 2 elections to the same seat on the same day due to the November 8, 1949 death of two-term Republican Clyde M. Reed. Governor of Kansas Frank Carlson appointed fellow-Republican Harry Darby December 2, 1949 to continue the term, pending a special election. Carlson won both elections and was seated November 29, 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 43], "content_span": [44, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068054-0025-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate elections, Kentucky\nThere were 2 elections to the same seat on the same day, due to the January 19, 1949 resignation of Democrat Alben W. Barkley to become U.S. Vice President. Governor of Kentucky Earle Clements appointed fellow-Democrat Garrett L. Withers to continue the term, pending a special election. The winner of the special election would complete the current term, from November until the start of the next Congress on January 3, while the regular election was for the full term from 1951-1957. Clements, himself, won both elections and was sworn in November 27, 1950. Withers later served one term in the U.S. House of Representatives.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 673]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068054-0026-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate elections, New York\nThe Socialist Workers state convention met on July 9, and nominated Joseph Hansen for the U.S. Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068054-0027-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate elections, New York\nThe American Labor state convention met on September 6 and nominated W.E.B. DuBois for the U.S. Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068054-0028-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate elections, New York\nThe Republican state convention met on September 7 at Saratoga Springs, New York. They re-nominated Lieutenant Governor Joe R. Hanley for the U.S. Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068054-0029-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate elections, New York\nThe Democratic state convention met on September 7 at Rochester, New York, and re-nominated the incumbent U.S. senator Herbert H. Lehman", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068054-0030-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate elections, New York\nThe Liberal state convention met on September 6 and 7 at the Statler Hotel in New York City, and endorsed Democratic nominee Lehman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068054-0031-0000", "contents": "1950 United States Senate elections, New York\nNearly the whole Republican statewide ticket was elected in a landslide; with only the Democratic incumbent U.S. senator, Ex-Governor Herbert H. Lehman, managing to stay in office.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068055-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 United States census\nThe United States census of 1950, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States to be 150,697,361, an increase of 14.5 percent over the 131,669,275 persons enumerated during the 1940 census. This was the first census in which:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068055-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 United States census, Census questions\nThe 1950 census collected the following information from all respondents:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 43], "content_span": [44, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068055-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 United States census, Census questions\nIn addition, a sample of individuals were asked additional questions covering income, marital history, fertility, and other topics. Full documentation on the 1950 census, including census forms and a procedural history, is available from  the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 43], "content_span": [44, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068055-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 United States census, Data availability\nMicrodata from the 1950 census are freely available through the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. Aggregate data for small areas, together with electronic boundary files, can be downloaded from the National Historical Geographic Information System. Personally identifiable information will be available in April 2022.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 44], "content_span": [45, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068056-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 United States elections\nThe 1950 United States elections were held on November 7, 1950, and elected the members of the 82nd United States Congress. The election took place during the Korean War, during Democratic President Harry S. Truman's second (only full) term. The Democrats lost twenty-eight seats to the Republican Party in the House of Representatives. The Democrats also lost five seats in the U.S. Senate to the Republicans. Congressman Vito Marcantonio's defeat left third parties without representation in Congress for the first time since 1908.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068056-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 United States elections\nLike his predecessor Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1938, Truman and the Democratic party managed to maintain control of both houses, defying the six-year itch phenomenon for the second time in a row. However, the election was still a defeat for Truman, as it strengthened the conservative coalition and ensured that none of Truman's Fair Deal policies would pass. Republicans also ran against Truman's prosecution of the Korean War, and the 82nd Congress subsequently conducted numerous investigations into the course of the war. The election set the stage for the presidency of Republican Dwight D. Eisenhower and the centrist policies of the 1950s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 674]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068057-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 United States gubernatorial elections\nUnited States gubernatorial elections were held in 1950, in 33 states, concurrent with the House and Senate elections, on November 7, 1950 (September 11 in Maine).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068057-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 United States gubernatorial elections\nIn Connecticut, the governor was elected to a 4-year term for the first time, instead of a 2-year term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068058-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 University of Cambridge Chancellor election\nAn election for the Chancellorship of the University of Cambridge was held in November 1950 after the death of the incumbent Chancellor, Jan Smuts. There was a contested election as the University establishment's candidate, Lord Tedder, was opposed by a group of Dons who favoured Jawaharlal Nehru. Nehru was nominated without giving him an opportunity to withdraw, and although honoured by the nomination, felt he could be of no service to the University. Although Nehru (who found opinion in India was against his being nominated) eventually persuaded his supporters to withdraw his name, a nominal election was required and took place on Friday 10 November, Tedder being declared the winner but without disclosing the number of votes cast.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 791]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068058-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 University of Cambridge Chancellor election, Candidates\nEarly speculation about suitable names for the new Chancellor centred on Earl Mountbatten of Burma, or the Duke of Gloucester. An editorial in the student newspaper Varsity on 14 October 1950 began by stating clearly \"The person we would like to see installed as Chancellor of Cambridge University is obviously someone of wide repute within the British Commonwealth\" and suggested that Pandit Nehru, Prime Minister of India, was such a person. The editorial praised Nehru for maintaining impartiality in the Korean War, repeatedly advising peaceful resolution of international disputes, and not allowing India to become part of the spheres of influence of either the USA or USSR. Nehru had studied at Cambridge (Trinity College, 1907-1910).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 60], "content_span": [61, 801]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068058-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 University of Cambridge Chancellor election, Candidates\nAn informal meeting of the Senate held on Saturday 14 October 1950 recommended Lord Tedder, who had been Deputy Supreme Commander under Eisenhower during the closing stages of World War II and recently retired as Chief of the Air Staff. Tedder had also studied at Cambridge (Magdalene College, 1909-1913). After the meeting a fly-sheet was circulated inviting signatures from members of the Senate to nominate Tedder, and giving a list of those who already intended to sign. The list included most heads of Colleges and members of the council of the Senate, the University's principal governing institution.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 60], "content_span": [61, 668]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068058-0002-0001", "contents": "1950 University of Cambridge Chancellor election, Candidates\nTedder was recommended on the basis of his military experience, and connections with Cambridge: he had been made an honorary Fellow of his old College, and received an honorary Doctorate. Chemistry professor Ronald G.W. Norrish, one of his supporters, explained that choosing Nehru would be suitable if the University had wanted to \"take an active part in the world of politics\", but that Tedder was suitable because he was not a political figure.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 60], "content_span": [61, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068058-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 University of Cambridge Chancellor election, Contest\nIn response, a fly-sheet in favour of Nehru was published on Wednesday 25 October, said to be a spontaneous reaction against the suggestion of Tedder, and it was said that it started with well over 100 signatures. Those supporting Nehru argued that support in him would show how highly the \"virtues of peace\" were valued, and noted that almost all the names supporting Tedder were very senior figures. When nominations closed, there were a total of 333 names nominating Tedder and 153 nominating Nehru.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 57], "content_span": [58, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068058-0003-0001", "contents": "1950 University of Cambridge Chancellor election, Contest\nSome well-known Cambridge graduates supported the Nehru campaign, including Bertrand Russell, E. M. Forster, R. A. Butler and Lord Mountbatten. The date of election was set for 10 November and the hours of polling were extended into the evening in anticipation of heavy participation by members of the Senate; as every recipient of a Master of Arts degree was a member of the Senate, and Cambridge raised every graduate to this degree six years after matriculation, almost every Cambridge graduate was eligible to vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 57], "content_span": [58, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068058-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 University of Cambridge Chancellor election, Contest\nSome concern was raised by Varsity that the announcement of the election procedure specified that the names of voters, and the candidate for whom they had voted, would be published. The announcement had said this was \"in accordance with ancient custom\" but it was noted that the regulations had not been altered since the introduction of the secret ballot for Parliamentary elections. It was later speculated that the reason for announcing that votes would be published was to intimidate senior members who were planning to vote for Nehru.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 57], "content_span": [58, 597]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068058-0004-0001", "contents": "1950 University of Cambridge Chancellor election, Contest\nOn behalf of Nehru, a circular was sent to all Masters of Arts and transport was said to be being arranged from London and Oxford, as all votes had to be cast in person. One letter in Varsity regretted the contested election and pointed out Nehru's supporters' wish to further Anglo-Indian understanding would be undermined if Nehru was defeated and the election \"attracted the attention of racial or political propagandists\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 57], "content_span": [58, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068058-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 University of Cambridge Chancellor election, Nehru withdraws\nThe High Commissioner of India to the United Kingdom, V. K. Krishna Menon, was notified that a delegation would be arriving on 23 October to report their desire to nominate Nehru. He sent a telegram to Nehru, mistakenly referring to the vacant office as that of the Vice-Chancellor, and commenting that opinion within the University was in Nehru's favour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 65], "content_span": [66, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068058-0005-0001", "contents": "1950 University of Cambridge Chancellor election, Nehru withdraws\nNehru cabled back on the following day correcting the error, and instructing Krishna Menon to tell the delegation that he was \"deeply sensible of honour especially coming from my old University\" but that he could not accept when he could be of no service. He stressed that it would be undesirable to enter into a contested election. Nehru cabled again on 30 October when his nomination was announced, complaining that \"embarrassing questions are put to me\" and stated \"on no account am I going to be a party to a contest\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 65], "content_span": [66, 588]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068058-0005-0002", "contents": "1950 University of Cambridge Chancellor election, Nehru withdraws\nKrishna Menon replied that the Vice-Chancellor had formally written asking whether Nehru accepted nomination; he noted that in 1847 Prince Albert had not consented to nomination but did not interfere when he was actually nominated. Nehru consulted Lord Pethick-Lawrence, and replied at length on 2 November explaining that reaction in India were \"strongly unfavourable\" to his contesting the election, and imploring Krishna Menon to get his supporters to withdraw his name. One of Nehru's biographers has claimed that \"it was generally recognized that in any election Nehru would carry the majority\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 65], "content_span": [66, 666]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068058-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 University of Cambridge Chancellor election, Nehru withdraws\nIt was not until after the notice of election was published that the Vice-Chancellor received a letter signed by ten of Nehru's supporters indicating that Nehru did not wish to accept nomination, but as this decision had been communicated after the last date for withdrawal, a nominal election had to go ahead. The time allowed for votes to be cast was altered from the initial plan of 9 AM to 9 PM, and reduced to 2 PM to 2:30 PM. It was also announced that the names of voters and their votes would not be published.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 65], "content_span": [66, 584]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068058-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 University of Cambridge Chancellor election, Nehru withdraws\nNehru's supporters in Cambridge were reluctant to comply with his wishes, arguing that they had the right to elect whom they wished. However Krishna Menon did persuade them that Nehru would be embarrassed by a contested election. The Cambridge Union Society passed (by 158 to 129) an emergency resolution regretting Nehru's withdrawal on Wednesday 8 November, with Percy Cradock arguing in favour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 65], "content_span": [66, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068058-0008-0000", "contents": "1950 University of Cambridge Chancellor election, Result\nJust under 200 people voted, during drizzling rain. After half an hour of voting, the Senior Proctor announced that Tedder had been duly elected, without giving any figures.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 56], "content_span": [57, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068059-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Uruguayan Primera Divisi\u00f3n, Overview\nIt was contested by 10 teams, and Nacional won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 41], "content_span": [42, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068060-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Uruguayan constitutional referendum\nA constitutional referendum was held in Uruguay on 26 November 1950, The proposed amendments to the constitution were rejected by 99.74% of voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068061-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Uruguayan general election\nGeneral elections were held in Uruguay on 26 November 1950, alongside a constitutional referendum. The result was a victory for the Colorado Party, which won the most seats in the Chamber of Deputies and received the most votes in the presidential election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068061-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Uruguayan general election, Results, President\nUnder the electoral system in place at the time, each political party could have as many as three presidential candidates. The combined result of the votes for a party's candidates determined which party would control the executive branch, and whichever of the winning party's candidates finished in first place would be declared President.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 51], "content_span": [52, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068062-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Utah Redskins football team\nThe 1950 Utah Redskins football team represented the University of Utah during the 1950 college football season. Home games were played on campus in Salt Lake City at Ute Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068062-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Utah Redskins football team\nLed by first-year head coach Jack Curtice, the Redskins were 3\u20134\u20133 overall and 1\u20132\u20132 in the Skyline Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068062-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Utah Redskins football team, After the season, NFL draft\nUtah had one player selected in the 1951 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 61], "content_span": [62, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068063-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Utah State Aggies football team\nThe 1950 Utah State Aggies football team was an American football team that represented Utah State University in the Skyline Conference during the 1950 college football season. In their second and final season under head coach George Melinkovich, the Aggies compiled a 2\u20139 record (0\u20135 against Skyline opponents), finished last in the Skyline Conference, and were outscored by opponents by a total of 374 to 107. On defense, the team allowed an average of 34 points per game, ranking 117th out of 120 major college teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068064-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 VFA season\nThe 1950 Victorian Football Association season was the 69th season of the Australian rules football competition. The premiership was won by the Oakleigh Football Club, which defeated Port Melbourne by 19 points in the Grand Final on 30 September. It was the third premiership won by the club.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068064-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 VFA season, Australian National Football Council affiliation\nDuring the 1949 season, the Association had made the decision to re-affiliate with the Australian National Football Council. This meant that from 1950, the Association played under the national standard code of rules. Most notably, this meant that throwing the ball in general play was no longer legal. Other rules, including the free kick for 'kicking in danger' which had been introduced under Association rules in 1947, also had to be dropped.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 65], "content_span": [66, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068064-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 VFA season, Premiership\nThe home-and-home season was played over nineteen matches, before the top four clubs contested a finals series under the Page\u2013McIntyre system to determine the premiers for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 28], "content_span": [29, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068064-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 VFA season, Notable events, Brisbane Carnival\nAs a consequence of joining the ANFC, the Association was permitted to send a representative team to the 1950 Brisbane Carnival. The team was coached by Bill Faul (Prahran) and captained by Jack Whelan (Brunswick). The Association competed in the top division, and finished in last place with a record of 1\u20133; this meant that the Association was required to play off against the winner of the lower division, the Australian Amateurs, during 1951 to determine which team qualified for the top division at the next carnival.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 50], "content_span": [51, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068065-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 VFL Grand Final\nThe 1950 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Essendon Football Club and North Melbourne Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on 23 September 1950. It was the 54th annual Grand Final of the Victorian Football League, staged to determine the premiers for the 1950 VFL season. The match, attended by 85,869 spectators , was won by Essendon by 38 points, marking that club's tenth premiership victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 473]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068065-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 VFL Grand Final, Background\nThis was North Melbourne's first-ever VFL Grand Final, while Essendon were competing in their fifth successive premiership decider. They were the reigning premiers, having defeated Carlton in the 1949 VFL Grand Final. Essendon's victory sent the retiring Dick Reynolds out in style, although he would come out of retirement for one final game in 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 32], "content_span": [33, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068066-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 VFL season\nThe 1950 Victorian Football League season was the 54th season of the elite Australian rules football competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068066-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 VFL season, Premiership season\nIn 1950, the VFL competition consisted of twelve teams of 18 on-the-field players each, plus two substitute players, known as the 19th man and the 20th man. A player could be substituted for any reason; however, once substituted, a player could not return to the field of play under any circumstances.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 35], "content_span": [36, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068066-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 VFL season, Premiership season\nTeams played each other in a home-and-away season of 18 rounds; matches 12 to 18 were the \"home-and-way reverse\" of matches 1 to 7.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 35], "content_span": [36, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068066-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 VFL season, Premiership season\nOnce the 18 round home-and-away season had finished, the 1950 VFL Premiers were determined by the specific format and conventions of the Page\u2013McIntyre system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 35], "content_span": [36, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068067-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 VPI Gobblers football team\nThe 1950 VPI Gobblers football team represented Virginia Polytechnic Institute in the 1950 college football season. The team was led by their head coach Robert McNeish and finished with a record of zero wins and ten losses (0\u201310).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068067-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 VPI Gobblers football team, Players\nThe following players were members of the 1950 football team according to the roster published in the 1951 edition of The Bugle, the Virginia Tech yearbook.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 40], "content_span": [41, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068068-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Vanderbilt Commodores football team\nThe 1950 Vanderbilt Commodores football team represented Vanderbilt University during the 1950 college football season. The team's head coach was Bill Edwards, who was in his second season as the Commodores' head coach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068068-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Vanderbilt Commodores football team\nMembers of the Southeastern Conference, the Commodores played their six home games at Dudley Field in Nashville, Tennessee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068069-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Vermont Catamounts football team\nThe 1950 Vermont Catamounts football team was an American football team that represented  the University of Vermont in the Yankee Conference during the 1950 college football season. In their eighth year under head coach John C. Evans, the team compiled a 2\u20135 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068070-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Vermont gubernatorial election\nThe 1950 Vermont gubernatorial election took place on November 7, 1950. Incumbent Republican Harold J. Arthur, who had become governor following the resignation of Ernest W. Gibson Jr., did not run for a full term as Governor of Vermont. Republican candidate Lee E. Emerson defeated Democratic candidate J. Edward Moran and succeeded Arthur.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068071-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Victorian state election\nThe 1950 Victorian state election was held in the Australian state of Victoria on Saturday 13 May 1950 to elect 65 members of the state's Legislative Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068071-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Victorian state election, Background\nThe previous state election in May 1947 had resulted in the Liberal\u2013Country coalition led by Thomas Hollway winning by a substantial majority. In late 1948, Country leader and Deputy Premier John McDonald criticised Hollway over his \"lack of strength\" in dealing with a long-running transport strike, and his conciliatory negotiations with the transport unions. Hollway responded by sacking McDonald as his deputy and dissolving the coalition. The Country Party became the official opposition (with three seats more than Labor in the assembly). Hollway formed a minority Liberal government, convincing four Country Party assembly members (Guye, Hedditch, Hipworth and Mibus) to defect to his party, which he provocatively renamed the Liberal and Country Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 802]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068071-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Victorian state election, Background\nDespite lacking a majority, Hollway's government survived for nearly a year due to the support of two Country members (Bennett and Hyland) and the casting vote of the Speaker, Sir Thomas Maltby, in vital divisions. In February 1950, the LCP voted to expel two members of the parliamentary party\u2014Fred Edmunds and John Lechte\u2014for disloyalty, reducing the government's members to 30. On 12 April, the Governor of Victoria, Sir Dallas Brooks, summoned McDonald and Labor leader John Cain to gain their assurance that they would not form a joint ministry. Hollway was then summoned, and agreeing that the house had become unworkable and that there was no chance of the LCP and Country Party reconciling, was granted a dissolution of the assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 783]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068071-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Victorian state election, Background\nLabor had lost the seat of Geelong to the Liberals in a 1948 by-election following the death of Fanny Brownbill.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068071-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Victorian state election, Background\nFormer Premier and member for Korong, Sir Albert Dunstan, died suddenly on 14 April, the day after the dissolution of the Legislative Assembly and the issue of the election writs. Due to the proximity of the general election, no by-election was held for his seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068071-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Victorian state election, Results, Legislative Assembly\nVictorian state election, 13 May 1950Legislative Assembly << 1947\u20131952 >>", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068071-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 Victorian state election, Aftermath\nWith the coalition between the Country Party and the Liberal and Country Party dissolved in the previous term, Hollway's LCP government's loss of six seats put it in a precarious situation\u2014even further into minority although still holding more seats than each of Labor and the Country Party\u2014so Hollway was expected to hold onto government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 40], "content_span": [41, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068071-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 Victorian state election, Aftermath\nNegotiations between the CP and LCP continued into June, with the LCP proposing to offer Country leader John McDonald the role of Speaker, and cabinet positions to Country Party MPs in a \"composite\" government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 40], "content_span": [41, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068071-0007-0001", "contents": "1950 Victorian state election, Aftermath\nOn 16 June, Hollway announced his new cabinet, with new ministers Les Norman and John Don being sworn in by the governor on 19 June to replace ministers who had resigned or lost their seats, although by this point it was clear that Hollway's government would be defeated on the floor of the Legislative Assembly in a no-confidence motion, which was all but confirmed when the state Labor caucus decided to support the Country Party over Hollway's government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 40], "content_span": [41, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068071-0008-0000", "contents": "1950 Victorian state election, Aftermath\nOn 22 June, McDonald gave notice of his intention to raise a motion of no-confidence against Hollway's government, which he did. Debate continued for 17 hours until 4am on 23 June, when the Labor and Country parties combined to carry the no-confidence motion. Hollway resigned his commission as premier, after the governor, Sir Dallas Brooks, refused his request to dissolve the assembly and call a fresh election. Brooks then commissioned McDonald to form a government with only 13 seats in the assembly, but with the promise of support from the Labor Party on confidence and supply.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 40], "content_span": [41, 625]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068072-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Villanova Wildcats football team\nThe 1950 Villanova Wildcats football team represented the Villanova University during the 1950 college football season. The head coach was Jim Leonard, coaching his second season with the Wildcats. The team played their home games at Villanova Stadium in Villanova, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068073-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Virginia Cavaliers football team\nThe 1950 Virginia Cavaliers football team represented the University of Virginia during the 1950 college football season. The Cavaliers were led by fifth-year head coach Art Guepe and played their home games at Scott Stadium in Charlottesville, Virginia. They competed as independents, finishing with a record of 8\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068074-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Volta a Catalunya\nThe 1950 Volta a Catalunya was the 30th edition of the Volta a Catalunya cycle race and was held from 17 September to 24 September 1950. The race started in Montju\u00efc and finished in Barcelona. The race was won by Antonio Gelabert.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068075-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Vuelta a Espa\u00f1a\nThe 9th Vuelta a Espa\u00f1a (Tour of Spain), a long-distance bicycle stage race and one of the three grand tours, was held from 17 August to 10 September 1950. It consisted of 22 stages covering a total of 3,984\u00a0km (2,476\u00a0mi), and was won by Emilio Rodr\u00edguez. Rodr\u00edguez also won the mountains classification.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068076-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 WANFL season\nThe 1950 WANFL season was the 66th season of senior football in Perth, Western Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068077-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team\nThe 1950 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team was an American football team that represented Wake Forest University during the 1950 college football season. In its 14th and final season under head coach Peahead Walker, the team compiled a 6\u20131\u20132 record and finished in fourth place in the Southern Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068078-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Washington Huskies football team\nThe 1950 Washington Huskies football team was an American football team that represented the University of Washington during the 1950 college football season. In its third season under head coach Howard Odell, the team compiled an 8\u20132 record, finished second in the Pacific Coast Conference, and outscored its opponents 265\u00a0to\u00a0134.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068078-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Washington Huskies football team, NFL Draft selections\nOne University of Washington Husky was selected in the 1951 NFL Draft, which lasted thirty rounds with 362 selections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 59], "content_span": [60, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068079-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Washington Redskins season\nThe 1950 Washington Redskins season was the franchise's 19th season in the National Football League (NFL) and their 7th in Washington, D.C.. The team failed to improve on their 4\u20137\u20131 record from 1949 and finished 3-9.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068079-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Washington Redskins season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 42], "content_span": [43, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068079-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Washington Redskins season, Standings\nThis article relating to a Washington Football Team season is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 42], "content_span": [43, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068080-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Washington Senators season\nThe 1950 Washington Senators won 67 games, lost 87, and finished in fifth place in the American League. They were managed by Bucky Harris and played home games at Griffith Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068080-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 76], "content_span": [77, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068080-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 69], "content_span": [70, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068080-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 74], "content_span": [75, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068080-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068080-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 72], "content_span": [73, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068081-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Washington State Cougars baseball team\nThe 1950 Washington State Cougars team represented Washington State University in the 1950 NCAA baseball season. The Cougars played their home games at Bailey Field. The team was coached by Buck Bailey in his 24th season at Washington State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068081-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Washington State Cougars baseball team\nThe Cougars finished second in the College World Series, defeated by the Texas Longhorns in the championship game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068082-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Washington State Cougars football team\nThe 1950 Washington State Cougars football team was an American football team that represented Washington State College during the 1950 college football season. First-year head coach Forest Evashevski led the team to a 2\u20133\u20132 mark in the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) and 4\u20133\u20132 overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068082-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Washington State Cougars football team\nThe rivalry game with Washington (now the Apple Cup) marked the first use of Memorial Stadium in Spokane for select Cougar home games, which continued through 1983.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068082-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Washington State Cougars football team\nHired in late January, 32-year-old Evashevski was the backfield coach at Michigan State under Biggie Munn and a former back and team captain at Michigan under Fritz Crisler.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068083-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Washington and Lee Generals football team\nThe 1950 Washington and Lee Generals football team was an American football team that represented Washington and Lee University in the Southern Conference during the 1950 college football season. In their second season under head coach George T. Barclay, the Generals compiled an 8\u20133 record, won the conference championship, and lost to Wyoming in the 1951 Gator Bowl. The team played its home games at Wilson Field in Lexington, Virginia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068084-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Wayne Tartars football team\nThe 1950 Wayne Tartars football team represented Wayne University (later renamed Wayne State University) as an independent during the 1950 college football season. Under second-year head coach Louis F. Zarza, the team compiled a 2\u20137 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068085-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Wellington City mayoral election\nThe 1950 Wellington City mayoral election was part of the New Zealand local elections held that same year. In 1950, elections were held for the Mayor of Wellington plus other local government positions including fifteen city councillors. The polling was conducted using the standard first-past-the-post electoral method.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068085-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Wellington City mayoral election, Background\nIncumbent Mayor Will Appleton did not seek a third term. He was succeeded by his deputy, Robert Macalister. While Frank Kitts did not win the mayoralty, he and five others were the first Labour candidates elected as councillors since the 'Nathan Incident' in 1941. Labour actually won a majority of the vote, however due to an uneven vote dispersal between their candidates, they failed to win a majority on the council. The Citizens' Association was in disarray following an embarrassing selection row with several incumbents dumped from the ticket standing as an independent ticket. The group consisting of Councillors Malcolm Galloway, Berkeley Dallard, Alexander Pope, Leonard Jacobsen issued a statement saying: \"Our stand is a protest against an unwise and grossly unjust selection of a secret clique.\" All but Dallard were defeated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 889]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068086-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 West Berlin state election\nEarly elections to the Berlin House of Representatives were held on 3 December 1950. In October 1950 Germany's new constitution went into force in West Berlin which made the election required. This was the first election to the new Berlin House of Representatives as opposed to the City Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068086-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 West Berlin state election\nThe top candidate of the SPD was not the popular mayor Ernst Reuter, but Franz Neumann; The CDU nominated Walther Schreiber. The SPD had considerable losses, dropping 19.8 percentage points in just two years, however they still received 44.7% of the vote and were by far the largest party. The main reason the SPD suffered said losses was because political tension had been falling since the end of the blockade and the SPD were viewed by many within the electorate as having significant internal disputes. The CDU gained 5.3 percentage points to win 24.7% of the vote. The FDP won a surprisingly high 23.0% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 652]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068086-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 West Berlin state election\nAfter the inaugural session of the House of Representatives, Reuter and Schreiber both received 62 votes, Schreiber withdrew his candidacy in favour of incumbent mayor Reuters. This then led to the continuation of the SPD-CDU-FDP unity coalition with Reuters choosing Schreiber as his deputy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068086-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 West Berlin state election\nThree years after these elections, the coalition collapsed after long-time mayor Ernst Reuter died on 29 September 1953. The CDU and FDP agreed to form a coalition government with the then deputy mayor Walther Schreiber becoming mayor. This pushed the SPD into opposition, and meant that for the first time since 1948 Berlin actually had an parliamentary opposition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068086-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 West Berlin state election\nThis German elections-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068087-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 West Dunbartonshire by-election\nThe West Dunbartonshire by-election of 25 April 1950 was held after the death of Labour MP Adam McKinlay on 17 March 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068087-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 West Dunbartonshire by-election\nThe seat was marginal, having been won in 1950 by only 613 votes, and remained so following the by-election, with Tom Steele holding the seat for Labour by 293 votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068087-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 West Dunbartonshire by-election, Result of the by-election\nThe Glasgow Herald said that while Labour had retained the seat, the party could \"take little credit from a victory which was expected to be more pronounced with the aid of the new register and the Loch Sloy vote.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 63], "content_span": [64, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068088-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 West Texas State Buffaloes football team\nThe 1950 West Texas State Buffaloes football team was an American football team that represented West Texas State College (now known as West Texas A&M University) in the Border Conference during the 1950 college football season. In its fourth season under head coach Frank Kimbrough, the team compiled a 10\u20131 record (6\u20130 against conference opponents), won the conference championship, defeated Cincinnati in the 1951 Sun Bowl, and outscored all opponents by a total of 386 to 190.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068088-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 West Texas State Buffaloes football team\nThe team averaged 35.1 points per game, ranking fourth among 120 major college programs for the 1950 season. The team also averaged 322.9 rushing yards per game, a figure that remains a program record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068088-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 West Texas State Buffaloes football team\nThe team was led on offense by a trio of quarterback Gene Mayfield and backs Billy Cross and Charles Wright. Mayfield was named to the Associated Press Little All-America team. Cross's 1950 average of 9.21 rushing yards per carry also remains a program record. Wright set a school record (later broken) with 1,203 rushing yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068089-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 West Virginia Mountaineers football team\nThe 1950 West Virginia Mountaineers football team was an American football team that represented West Virginia University in the Southern Conference (SoCon) during the 1950 college football season. In its first season under head coach Art Lewis, the team compiled a 2\u20138 record (1\u20133 against SoCon opponents), finished in 14th place in the conference, and was outscored by a combined total of 259 to 163. The team played its home games at Mountaineer Field in Morgantown, West Virginia. Lawrence Ciccarelli was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068090-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Western Australian prohibition referendum\nA referendum was held on 9 December 1950 in the Australian state of Western Australia on the topic of prohibition. It was the fourth referendum on the topic of liquor licensing, and the second put to voters with the same wording. The proposal that alcohol should be prohibited was rejected by a majority of voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068090-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Western Australian prohibition referendum, Overview\nThe referendum was conducted pursuant to Section 87(e) of the Licensing Act 1911, which had been added by an amending act in 1922 and allowed for five-yearly referendums. However, none had been conducted since the 1925 poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 56], "content_span": [57, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068090-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Western Australian prohibition referendum, Referendum results\nQuestion: Do you agree with the proposal that prohibition shall come into force in Western Australia?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 66], "content_span": [67, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068090-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Western Australian prohibition referendum, Aftermath\nNo further polls were held on the topic of liquor licensing, and Section 87 of the Licensing Act was repealed in 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 57], "content_span": [58, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068091-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Western Australian state election\nElections were held in the state of Western Australia on 25 March 1950 to elect all 50 members to the Legislative Assembly. The Liberal-Country coalition government, led by Premier Ross McLarty, won a second term in office against the Labor Party, led by Opposition Leader Frank Wise.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068091-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Western Australian state election, Results\nWestern Australian state election, 25 March 1950Legislative Assembly << 1947\u20131953 >>", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 47], "content_span": [48, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068092-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Western Michigan Broncos football team\nThe 1950 Western Michigan Broncos football team represented Western Michigan College of Education (later renamed Western Michigan University) in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1950 college football season. In their ninth season under head coach John Gill, the Broncos compiled a 5\u20134 record (0\u20134 against MAC opponents), finished in fifth place in the MAC, and outscored their opponents, 188 to 163. The team played its home games at Waldo Stadium in Kalamazoo, Michigan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068092-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Western Michigan Broncos football team\nEnd Pat Clysdale and defensive end Bill Zabonick were the team captains. Zabonick also received the team's most outstanding player award.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068093-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Western Reserve Red Cats football team\nThe 1950 Western Reserve Red Cats football team represented the Western Reserve University in the American city of Cleveland, Ohio, now known as Case Western Reserve University, during the 1950 college football season. The Red Cats were a member of the Mid-American Conference (MAC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068093-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Western Reserve Red Cats football team\nThe team was coached by Richard W. Luther, assisted by Lou Zontini.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068094-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Wichita Shockers football team\nThe 1950 Wichita Shockers football team, sometimes known as the Wheatshockers, was an American football team that represented Wichita  University (now known as Wichita State University) as a member of the Missouri Valley Conference during the 1950 college football season. In its third season under head coach Jim Trimble, the team compiled a 5\u20134\u20131 record (3\u20132 against conference opponents), finished third out of six teams in the MVC, and was outscored by a total of 243 to 203. The team played its home games at Veterans Field, now known as Cessna Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 594]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068095-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Wightman Cup\nThe 1950 Wightman Cup was the 22nd edition of the annual women's team tennis competition between the United States and Great Britain. It was held at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in London in England in the United Kingdom.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068096-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Wilkes 200\nThe 1950 Wilkes 200 was a NASCAR Grand National Series event that was held on September\u00a024,\u00a01950\u00a0(1950-September-24), at North Wilkesboro Speedway in North Wilkesboro, North Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068096-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Wilkes 200\nDue to the mostly informal nature of the NASCAR organization during the early 1950s, certain records like the number of laps completed under a caution flag and the amount of time it took to complete the race were never placed in the league's archives. Lee Petty, Lloyd Moore and Dick Linder mathematically eliminated themselves from the championship by not taking part in this race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068096-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Wilkes 200, Summary\nFireball Roberts acquired the pole position while driving speeds up to 73.266 miles per hour (117.910\u00a0km/h) during the qualifying sessions. However, on the first lap of the race, he was passed by Red Byron. Three laps later, Fonty Flock took over the lead, and would eventually lead over 104 laps before being sidelined with a blown engine. Byron took the lead back, and would lead 30 more laps, but he was sidelined with a broken spindle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 24], "content_span": [25, 464]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068096-0002-0001", "contents": "1950 Wilkes 200, Summary\nJack Smith would inherit the lead, but with eight laps to go, Leon Sales, in his first start, took over the lead, and would defeat Jack Smith by an unknown margin of victory. Sales would qualify in eleventh place for this racing event. Seven thousand people would watch this race that took place on a dirt track spanning 0.625 miles or 1.006 kilometres.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 24], "content_span": [25, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068096-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Wilkes 200, Summary\nAll 26 drivers on the starting grid were born in the United States of America; no foreign drivers made the grid. Most of the DNFs in the race were caused by wheel and engine problems; although two drivers were taken out the race due to a crash and a troublesome spindle. Other notable drivers in this race were Billy Carden, future 1955 Southern 500 winner Herb Thomas and Curtis Turner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 24], "content_span": [25, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068096-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Wilkes 200, Summary\nThe lowest paid driver got $50 in winnings ($537.83 when adjusted for inflation) while the winner received $1,000 in total prize money ($10,756.57 when adjusted for inflation). NASCAR would offer a total purse of $3,900 for this racing event ($41,950.62 when adjusted for inflation). The oldest car in the race was a 1947 Buick which was one of the models manufactured shortly after the end of World War II. Most of drivers on the field were driving 1950 model year vehicles with no entries from the Chevrolet manufacturer until later in the decade. Even a Cadillac vehicle made an entry in the race. This was the first race of the Grand National series to not have at least one Ford in the field.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 24], "content_span": [25, 722]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068096-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Wilkes 200, Summary\nOldsmobile drivers would use the Oldsmobile 88 as their vehicle for this event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 24], "content_span": [25, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068096-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 Wilkes 200, Summary, Debuts and retirements\nHerbert Burns, Leon Sales, Ewell Weddle, and Jerry Wimbish would introduce themselves to the NASCAR scene during this race while Jack Carr and Tex Keene would retire from NASCAR after this race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 48], "content_span": [49, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068097-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 William & Mary Indians football team\nThe 1950 William & Mary Indians football team represented William & Mary during the 1950 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068098-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Wimbledon Championships\nThe 1950 Wimbledon Championships took place on the outdoor grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in Wimbledon, London, United Kingdom. The tournament was held from Monday 26 June until Saturday 8 July. It was the 64th staging of the Wimbledon Championships, and the third Grand Slam tennis event of 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068098-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Wimbledon Championships\nFor the first time since the 1927 introduction of seedings 16 players were seeded in the men's singles event instead of eight. Budge Patty and Louise Brough won the singles titles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068098-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Wimbledon Championships, Finales, Seniors, Men's Doubles\nJohn Bromwich /  Adrian Quist defeated  Geoff Brown /  Bill Sidwell, 7\u20135, 3\u20136, 6\u20133, 3\u20136, 6\u20132", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 61], "content_span": [62, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068098-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Wimbledon Championships, Finales, Seniors, Women's Doubles\nLouise Brough /  Margaret duPont defeated  Shirley Fry /  Doris Hart, 6\u20134, 5\u20137, 6\u20131", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 63], "content_span": [64, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068098-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Wimbledon Championships, Finales, Seniors, Mixed Doubles\nEric Sturgess /  Louise Brough defeated  Geoff Brown /  Pat Todd, 11\u20139, 1\u20136, 6\u20134", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 61], "content_span": [62, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068099-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Boys' Singles\nJohn Horn defeated Kamel Moubarek in the final, 6\u20130, 6\u20132 to win the Boys' Singles tennis title at the 1950 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068100-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Girls' Singles\nLorna Cornell defeated Astrid Winther in the final, 6\u20132, 6\u20134 to win the Girls' Singles tennis title at the 1950 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068101-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Doubles\nPancho Gonzales and Frank Parker were the defending champions, but were ineligible to compete after turning professional.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068101-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Doubles\nJohn Bromwich and Adrian Quist defeated Geoff Brown and Bill Sidwell in the final, 7\u20135, 3\u20136, 6\u20133, 3\u20136, 6\u20132 to win the Gentlemen' Doubles tennis title at the 1950 Wimbledon Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068101-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Doubles, Seeds\nClick on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068102-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nBudge Patty defeated Frank Sedgman in the final, 6\u20131, 8\u201310, 6\u20132, 6\u20133 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1950 Wimbledon Championships. Ted Schroeder was the defending champion, but decided not to play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068102-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Singles, Seeds\nClick on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068102-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Singles, Seeds\nGiovanni Cucelli withdrew due to injury. He was replaced in the draw by qualifier Athol Tills.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068103-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Mixed Doubles\nEric Sturgess and Sheila Summers were the defending champions but Summers did not compete. Sturgess partnered with Louise Brough and they defeated Geoff Brown and Pat Todd in the final, 11\u20139, 1\u20136, 6\u20134 to win the Mixed Doubles tennis title at the 1950 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068103-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Mixed Doubles, Seeds\nClick on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068104-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Women's Doubles\nLouise Brough and Margaret duPont successfully defended their title, defeating Shirley Fry and Doris Hart in the final, 6\u20134, 5\u20137, 6\u20131 to win the Ladies' Doubles tennis title at the 1950 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068104-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Women's Doubles, Seeds\nClick on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 53], "content_span": [54, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068105-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Women's Singles\nLouise Brough successfully defended her title, defeating Margaret duPont in the final, 6\u20131, 3\u20136, 6\u20131 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1950 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068105-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Women's Singles, Seeds\nClick on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 53], "content_span": [54, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068106-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Wisconsin Badgers baseball team\nThe 1950 Wisconsin Badgers baseball team is a baseball team that represented the University of Wisconsin in the 1950 NCAA baseball season. The Badgers were members of the Big Nine Conference and played their home games at Guy Lowman Field in Madison, Wisconsin. They were led by eleventh-year head coach Arthur Mansfield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068107-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Wisconsin Badgers football team\nThe 1950 Wisconsin Badgers football team represented the University of Wisconsin in the 1950 Big Nine Conference football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068108-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Wisconsin gubernatorial election\nThe 1950 Wisconsin gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068108-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Wisconsin gubernatorial election\nIncumbent Republican Governor Oscar Rennebohm did not seek a third term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068108-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Wisconsin gubernatorial election\nRepublican nominee Walter J. Kohler Jr. defeated Democratic nominee Carl W. Thompson with 53.21% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068109-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Wis\u0142a Krak\u00f3w season\nThe 1950 season was Wis\u0142a Krak\u00f3w's 42nd year as a club. Wis\u0142a was under the name of Gwardia Krak\u00f3w.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068110-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Wollondilly state by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Wollondilly on 23 January 1950 because of the resignation of Jeff Bate (Liberal) to successfully contest the federal seat of Macarthur at the 1949 election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068111-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Wollongong-Kembla state by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Wollongong-Kembla on 11 February 1950 because of the resignation of Billy Davies (Labor) to successfully contest the federal seat of Cunningham at the 1949 election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068111-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Wollongong-Kembla state by-election, Aftermath\nBaden Powell did not serve for long, losing pre-selection for the 1950 state election and retiring from politics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 51], "content_span": [52, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068112-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Women's British Open Squash Championship\nThe 1950 Ladies Open Championships was held at the Lansdowne Club in London from 19\u201326 February 1950. Janet Morgan won her first title defeating Joan Curry in the final. Former multiple champion Margot Lumb returned to competition as Mrs Margot Gordon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068112-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Women's British Open Squash Championship, Seeds\nBetty Hilton  Margaret Carlisle  Margot Harris  Margot Gordon (n\u00e9e Lumb)  Peggy Howe", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 52], "content_span": [53, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068113-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Women's European Volleyball Championship\nThe 1950 Women's European Volleyball Championship was the second edition of the event, organised by Europe's governing volleyball body, the Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration Europ\u00e9enne de Volleyball. It was hosted in Sofia, Bulgaria from 14 to 22 October 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068113-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Women's European Volleyball Championship, Format\nThe tournament was played in a single round-robin format, with all teams placed in a single group.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 53], "content_span": [54, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068114-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Women's Western Open\nThe 1950 Women's Western Open was a golf competition held at Cherry Hills Country Club, the 21st edition of the event. Babe Zaharias won the championship in match play competition by defeating Peggy Kirk in the final match, 5 and 3.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068115-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 World Archery Championships\nThe 1950 World Archery Championships was the 14th edition of the World Archery Championships. The event was held in Copenhagen, Denmark in July 1950 and was organised by World Archery Federation (FITA). In the men's competition, Hans Deutgen won his fourth straight championship, a record which remains unbroken. Uponn being presented with his gold medal, he passed it to the third place Russ Reynolds, who was suffering from leukemia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068116-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 World Fencing Championships\nThe 1950 World Fencing Championships were held in Monte Carlo, Monaco.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068117-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 World Figure Skating Championships\nThe World Figure Skating Championships is an annual figure skating competition sanctioned by the International Skating Union in which figure skaters compete for the title of World Champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068117-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 World Figure Skating Championships\nThe 1950 championships took place on March 6 to 8 in Wembley, United Kingdom.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068117-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 World Figure Skating Championships, Results, Ladies\n*: better placed due to the majority of the better placings", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 56], "content_span": [57, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068117-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 World Figure Skating Championships, Results, Pairs\n*: better placed due to the majority of the better placings", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 55], "content_span": [56, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068118-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 World Series\nThe 1950 World Series was the 47th World Series between the American and National Leagues for the championship of Major League Baseball. The Philadelphia Phillies as 1950 champions of the National League and the New York Yankees, as 1950 American League champions, competed to win a best-of-seven game series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068118-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 World Series\nThe Series began on Wednesday, October 4, and concluded Saturday, October 7. The Phillies had home field advantage for the Series, meaning no games would be played at the Yankees' home ballpark, Yankee Stadium, until game 3. The Yankees won their 13th championship in their 41-year history, taking the Series in a four-game sweep. The final game in the Series resulted in the New York Yankees winning, 5\u20132 over Philadelphia. It was the only game in the Series decided by more than one run. The 1950 World Series title would be the second of a record five straight titles for the New York Yankees (1949\u20131953). The two teams would not again meet in the Series for 59 years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 689]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068118-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 World Series\nThis was also the last all-white World Series as neither club had integrated in 1950. It was also the last World Series where television coverage was pooled between multiple networks: earlier that year the Mutual Broadcasting System, which had long been the radio home for the World Series, purchased the exclusive TV rights for the following season despite not (and indeed, never) having a television network. They would eventually sell on the rights to NBC, beginning a long relationship with the sport for that network.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068118-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 World Series, Teams, Philadelphia Phillies\nThe Phillies, a particularly young team which came to be known as the \"Whiz Kids\", had won the National League pennant in dramatic fashion on the final day of the season to garner their second pennant\u2014their first in 35 years. But writing in The New York Times on October 3, 1950, John Drebinger picked the Yankees to win the Series in five games: \"The Stengelers simply have too much over-all pitching. They have the long range power. They posses [sic] rare defensive skill, and they have the poise and experience gained through the past four years which brought them two world championships and three pennants.\" Odds makers made the Yankees 2\u20135 favorites to win the Series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 47], "content_span": [48, 722]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068118-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 World Series, Teams, Philadelphia Phillies\nCurt Simmons, a 17-game winner for the Phillies in 1950, had been called to military duty in September and was unavailable for this Series. Simmons was stationed at Camp Atterbury and requested and was granted a leave on October 4 to attend the Series. The Phillies chose not to request that Commissioner Chandler rule Simmons eligible for the Series but Simmons chose to attend to support the team. Simmons' place on the Series roster was taken by pitcher Jocko Thompson. Phillies ace Robin Roberts didn't start Game\u00a01 because he had had three starts in five days including the pennant winner on the final day of the regular season\u2014played October 1, 1950 (three days before Game\u00a01).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 47], "content_span": [48, 731]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068118-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 World Series, Teams, New York Yankees\nThe AL champion Yankees finished the regular season with a record of 98\u201356, three games ahead of the Detroit Tigers. Offensive team leaders were Phil Rizzuto (.324 batting average), Joe DiMaggio (32 home runs, .585 slugging percentage, and .979 OPS), and Yogi Berra (124 RBIs). Pitcher Vic Raschi led the team in wins, with a 21\u20138 record, and 256+2\u20443 innings pitched. Rizzuto was voted the American League MVP, while Berra finished third, Raschi seventh, and DiMaggio ninth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 42], "content_span": [43, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068118-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 World Series, Summary\nAL New York Yankees (4) vs. NL Philadelphia Phillies (0)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 26], "content_span": [27, 83]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068118-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 World Series, Matchups, Game 1\nBecause his #1 starter, Robin Roberts, had just pitched in three of the last five games of the frantic 1950 pennant race, Phils manager Eddie Sawyer surprised the world by naming his bullpen ace, Jim Konstanty, to open on the mound for Philadelphia, opposing 21-game winner Vic Raschi of the Yankees. Konstanty was outstanding, allowing just four hits and a run in eight innings, but Raschi was tougher, shutting out the Phils on only two hits en route to a 1\u20130 victory in the opener.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068118-0007-0001", "contents": "1950 World Series, Matchups, Game 1\nThe game's only run came in the fourth when Bobby Brown hit a leadoff double and scored on two fly-outs, the last one a sacrifice fly by Jerry Coleman. This marked the third consecutive year that the World Series opened with a 1\u20130 game, and the third consecutive year a two-hitter was thrown in the opening game of the World Series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068118-0008-0000", "contents": "1950 World Series, Matchups, Game 2\nIn what would be the last postseason game ever played in Shibe Park, 20-game winner Robin Roberts and Allie Reynolds both pitched outstanding baseball for nine innings, as strong pitching and stout defense again prevailed in the Series. Gene Woodling drove in Jerry Coleman, who walked with two outs and moved to second on a single, with an RBI single for a Yankee run in the second, and Richie Ashburn's sacrifice fly scored Mike Goliat from third in the fifth, forcing a 1\u20131 tie which held up through nine full innings. This set the stage for Joe DiMaggio, leading off the tenth inning for the Yankees. With one swing, DiMaggio smashed a home run to left field to provide the difference in a 2\u20131 extra-inning win for the Yankees as the Series shifted to New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 801]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068118-0009-0000", "contents": "1950 World Series, Matchups, Game 2\nDiMaggio had a hand in holding the Phillies at bay long enough to get his key at-bat. Leading off the sixth inning, Del Ennis hit a deep fly to center, but DiMaggio made a spectacular over-the-shoulder running catch, near the 400-foot (120\u00a0m) marker at the base of the scoreboard in right-center. This play is far less well-known but was similar-looking to the famous Willie Mays catch in the 1954 World Series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068118-0009-0001", "contents": "1950 World Series, Matchups, Game 2\nDiMaggio made this play on the road, although in a ballpark which he played in during the regular season (Shibe Park was also the home of the Philadelphia A's). Because there was nobody on when the ball was hit, he was not in a hurry to get the ball back to the infield (Mays' famous 1954 catch was deeper, with two runners on base and nobody out when the ball was hit).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068118-0010-0000", "contents": "1950 World Series, Matchups, Game 3\nPhils lefty Ken Heintzelman started the third game against Yankee stalwart Eddie Lopat. The Yankees struck first in the third when Phil Rizzuto walked with two outs, stole second and scored on a single by Jerry Coleman, who was tagged out at second to end the inning. In the sixth, Del Ennis doubled with two outs and scored on Dick Sisler's single to tie the game. Next inning Granny Hamner hit a leadoff single, moved to second on a sacrifice bunt and scored on Mike Goliat's single to put the Phillies up 2\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 548]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068118-0010-0001", "contents": "1950 World Series, Matchups, Game 3\nHeintzelman continued the Phils' great pitching into the eighth inning, when he lost control and walked the bases loaded after two outs. Konstanty relieved him and got Bobby Brown to ground to shortstop Granny Hamner, but Hamner misplayed the ball to allow the tying run to score. Russ Meyer came on for the Phillies in the last of the ninth. After retiring the first two batters, Meyer allowed consecutive singles to set the stage for Jerry Coleman, who drove in the winning run with a base hit to give the Yankees a 3\u20132 win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068118-0011-0000", "contents": "1950 World Series, Matchups, Game 3\nIn attendance at the game was Grover Cleveland Alexander, who had led the Phillies to their previous pennant in 1915. It was his first World Series game in 20 years. Ill from the effects of long term alcohol abuse, Alexander was generally ignored. He would be dead less than a month later on November 4, 1950, at age 63.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068118-0012-0000", "contents": "1950 World Series, Matchups, Game 4\nPhillies starter Bob Miller matched up against rookie Whitey Ford, making his first World Series appearance, as the Yankees tried to wrap up the Series in four straight. New York scored two runs in the first inning when Gene Woodling reached when second baseman Mike Goliat misplayed his ground ball, moved to second on a ground ball, and scored on Yogi Berra's single. After a wild pitch, Joe DiMaggio's RBI double made it 2\u20130 Yankees. Berra hit a leadoff home run in the sixth off of Jim Konstanty, who then hit DiMaggio with a pitch.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068118-0012-0001", "contents": "1950 World Series, Matchups, Game 4\nAfter a groundout, Bobby Brown's RBI triple and Hank Bauer's sacrifice fly made it 5\u20130 Yankees. The first two Phils reached base in the ninth via a single and hit-by-pitch before Ford got the next two outs. Andy Seminick then flied to left, but left fielder Gene Woodling dropped what looked like the Series-ending out, allowing two runs to score. Mike Goliat kept the inning going with a hit, and Stengel removed Ford to bring in Allie Reynolds. Reynolds struck out pinch-hitter Stan Lopata, giving the Yanks a 5\u20132 win and the World Series victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 585]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068118-0013-0000", "contents": "1950 World Series, Matchups, Game 4\nThe Phillies failed to hit a home run in the entire World Series. No other team has matched that dubious feat since.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068118-0014-0000", "contents": "1950 World Series, Composite box\n1950 World Series (4\u20130): New York Yankees (A.L.) over Philadelphia Phillies (N.L.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 32], "content_span": [33, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068118-0015-0000", "contents": "1950 World Series, Composite box\nThe winning margin of six runs remains the lowest for a four-game sweep, later equaled in 2005.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 32], "content_span": [33, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068119-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 World Shotgun Championships\nThe 1950 World Shotgun Championships was a competition held in Madrid, Spain. Carola Mandel of the United States became the first woman to ever win a world championship medal in shooting when she finished third in Madrid's Trap competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068120-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 World Snooker Championship\nThe 1950 World Snooker Championship was a snooker tournament held at the Tower Circus in Blackpool, England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068120-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 World Snooker Championship\nFor the fourth year running the final was contested by Fred Davis and Walter Donaldson. Donaldson defeated Davis 51\u201346 to win his second and last world title. Donaldson won the 7th frame of the final day to lead 49\u201342 with only 6 frames to play. Davis made a break of 101 in frame 46 of his semi-final match against George Chenier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068120-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 World Snooker Championship, Qualifying\nThe qualifying contest was held at an 18-table hall in Battersea, London from 17 October to 12 November 1949. Kingsley Kennerley met John Barrie in the first match. Kennerley won the first five frames and led 15\u20139 after two days. He won the first three frames on the final day to take a winning 18\u20139 lead, eventually winning 21\u201314. Willie Smith met Bill Withers in the second match of the week. Willie Smith led 10\u20132 after the first day and took an 18\u20134 lead on the second day. The final score was 28\u20137.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068120-0002-0001", "contents": "1950 World Snooker Championship, Qualifying\nAfter a 3-day break Sydney Lee met Conrad Stanbury. Lee led 15\u20139 after two days and won 20\u201315. Herbert Holt met Dickie Laws in the last quarter-final match. Holt led 17\u20137 after two days and eventually won 26\u20139. Kennerley met Willie Smith in the first semi-final and led 16\u20138 after two days. Kennerley won 22\u201313. Sydney Lee and Herbert Holt met in the second semi-final. Lee led 7\u20135 after the first day and 16\u20138 after the second day. Holt then got influenza and conceded the match. Kennerley met Lee in the final. Lee took a 4\u20132 lead but Kennerley led 7\u20135 overnight. Kennerley then extended his lead to 14\u201310.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 652]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068121-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 World Table Tennis Championships\nThe 1950 World Table Tennis Championships were held in Budapest from January 29 to February 5, 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068122-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Doubles\nThe 1950 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Doubles was the 17th edition of the men's doubles championship. Ferenc Sid\u00f3 and Ferenc Soos won the title after defeating Ivan Andreadis and Franti\u0161ek Tok\u00e1r  in the final by three sets to one.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068123-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nThe 1950 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Singles was the 17th edition of the men's singles championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068123-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nRichard Bergmann defeated Ferenc Soos in the final, winning three sets to two to secure the title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068124-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Team\nThe 1950 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Swaythling Cup (Men's Team) was the 17th edition of the men's team championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068124-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Team\nCzechoslovakia won the gold medal defeating Hungary 5-3 in the final. England and France both won a bronze medal after finishing second in their respective groups.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068124-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Team, Swaythling Cup Tables, Group A\n+ United States and Netherlands both withdrew from Group A", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 82], "content_span": [83, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068124-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Team, Final\n+ K\u00f3czi\u00e1n withdrew injured after suffering from badly blistered feet", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 57], "content_span": [58, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068125-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Mixed Doubles\nThe 1950 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Mixed Doubles was the 17th edition of the mixed doubles championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068125-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Mixed Doubles\nFerenc Sid\u00f3 and Gizi Farkas defeated Bohumil V\u00e1\u0148a and Kv\u011bta Hru\u0161kov\u00e1 in the final by three sets to nil.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068126-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Women's Doubles\nThe 1950 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Women's Doubles was the 16th edition of the women's doubles championship. Dora Beregi and Helen Elliot defeated Gizi Farkas and Angelica Rozeanu in the final by three sets to one.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068127-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Women's Singles\nThe 1950 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Women's Singles was the 17th edition of the women's singles championship. Angelica Rozeanu defeated Gizi Farkas in the final by three sets to nil, to win the title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068128-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Women's Team\nThe 1950 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Corbillon Cup (Women's Team) was the tenth edition of the women's team championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068128-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Women's Team\nRomania won the gold medal defeating Hungary 3-2 in the final. England and Czechoslovakia won bronze medals after finishing second in their respective groups.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068129-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 World University Cycling Championship\nThe 1950 World University Cycling Championship was a World University Cycling Championship not organized by the International University Sports Federation (FISU). The championship consisted of a road cycling road race event. Jean Bobet from France defended successfully his title and became again World University Cycling Champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068130-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 World Weightlifting Championships\nThe 1950 Men's World Weightlifting Championships were held in Paris, France from October 13 to October 15, 1950. There were 56 men in action from 17 nations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068131-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 World Wrestling Championships\nThe 1950 World Greco-Roman Wrestling Championship were held in Stockholm, Sweden.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068132-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Wynder and Graham Study\nThe 1950 Wynder and Graham Study was conducted by Ernest Wynder and Evarts Graham and was entitled \"Tobacco Smoking as a Possible Etiologic Factor in Bronchiogenic Carcinoma: A Study of Six Hundred and Eighty-Four [684] Proved Cases\". It was published on May 27, 1950. It was a case-control study to determine the relationship between various external factors and the development of bronchogenic carcinoma. The study concluded that long-term tobacco usage contributes to the onset of lung cancer, as an overwhelming majority (96.5%) of the men with the disease were classified as moderate to heavy smokers for an extended period of time, compared to a lower percentage of the general hospital population control group.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 747]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068132-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Wynder and Graham Study, Context\nStudies conducted before smoking and lung cancer were scientifically related connected a higher rate of smoking to lung cancer incidence, and eventually mortality 20 years later. In 1775, Percivall Pott\u2019s discovery of the high incidence of scrotal cancer in chimney sweeps demonstrated that charred organic substances were carcinogenic. Wynder used Pott\u2019s research as a foundation for his argument that his hypothesis that smoking leads to the development of lung cancer was biologically valid. In 1912, Isaac Adler connected the rise in primary lung cancer to consumption of cigarettes because of the different smoking habits of men and women.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 682]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068132-0001-0001", "contents": "1950 Wynder and Graham Study, Context\nMen experienced higher incidences of lung cancer and also smoked much more than women. Other early researchers include: Joseph Bloodgood (1921) who demonstrated a link between tongue cancer and tobacco, founder of the American Cancer Society Frederick Hoffman (1924) who proved excessive smoking caused cancer development in the mouth and lungs, and Morton Lenvin (1950) who analyzed hospital data to show the positive correlation between tobacco and lung cancer (1950).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068132-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Wynder and Graham Study, Context\nDespite this growing evidence linking tobacco usage to lung cancer, in 1950 the scientific consensus was that lung cancer was caused by industrial and automotive polluters. Richard Doll, a prominent scientist who conducted the British Doctors Study with Austin Bradford Hill in 1951, theorized that smoking was not considered an obvious factor because everyone participated in it, yet not everyone developed lung cancer. Scientists believed many other factors were responsible for the development of lung cancer, such as automobile exhaust, coal fumes, infectious diseases, race, and better diagnostic technologies. Moreover, it was deemed unlikely that a single preventable factor, such as smoking, could alone cause such a complicated outcome like cancer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 795]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068132-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Wynder and Graham Study, Context\nIn the fifty years leading up to the Wynder and Graham study, lung cancer was observed to have risen dramatically and disproportionately in comparison to other cancers. From the 1920s to 1950, the year of the study's publication, deaths from lung cancer had quadrupled so now it was the leading cancer found in men. This follows the upward trend of smoking that peaked 20 years prior due to its social pervasiveness, global association with glamour and camaraderie, and the heavy influence of the tobacco industry.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 552]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068132-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Wynder and Graham Study, Context\nErnst Wynder was a medical student when he came up with the idea to link smoking with cancer when he witnessed the blackened lungs of a man with lung cancer and later learned that he was a heavy smoker. Wynder sought the assistance of Evarts Graham, a thoracic surgeon and head of the surgery department. Although Graham did not believe in the increased risk of lung cancer from smoking, as he smoked excessively, he enabled Wynder to conduct a case-control study by providing subjects with lung cancer to interview.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068132-0004-0001", "contents": "1950 Wynder and Graham Study, Context\nIn 1948, Wynder began distributing questionnaires at Bellevue Hospital asking individual habits, such as smoking, and by 1949 he had data from over 200 patients that proved smoking and lung cancer were correlated. When these findings were presented at the American Cancer Society 1949 national meeting, the lack of audience response reflected a dismissal of smoking as a causal factor for lung cancer. The 1950 Wynder and Graham Study was the first large-scale study to investigate link between smoking and cancer. It differed from previous studies because of the size of the test group, and clear, statistically-significant results.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 671]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068132-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Wynder and Graham Study, Purpose\nThe objective of this research was to design a clinical study to assess multiple external factors in the onset of bronchogenic carcinoma, and which activities or predisposed determinants increase risk for lung cancer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068132-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 Wynder and Graham Study, Study design\nThis study was a retrospective, case-control study that compared smoking habits of 684 individuals with bronchogenic carcinoma to those without the condition. The survey included questions about smoking: starting age, 20 year tobacco consumption, brands used; as well as inquires about exposure to hazardous agents in the workplace, alcohol use, and causes of death for family members. Researchers obtained information through \u201cspecial interviews\u201d with patients from hospitals across the nation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 42], "content_span": [43, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068132-0006-0001", "contents": "1950 Wynder and Graham Study, Study design\nSince hospital records provided insufficient information for the scope of this study, trained staff interviewed 634 patients, and the remaining subjects were either mailed the survey or had a close contact answer on their behalf. In addition to current smoking habits, surveys asked about patients' smoking habits for the last 20 years due to the hypothesis of delayed emergence of cancer in smokers. Below is a list of the questions on the etiologic survey:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 42], "content_span": [43, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068132-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 Wynder and Graham Study, Study design\n(Note: questions above were reproduced from Table 1: \"Etiologic Survey\" of Wynder and Graham's study)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 42], "content_span": [43, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068132-0008-0000", "contents": "1950 Wynder and Graham Study, Study design\nSubjects were classified into two categories: cases, those with bronchogenic carcinoma, and controls, those without the condition. There were 605 microscopic confirmations of the disease. The \"general hospital population\" group consisted of 780 men and 552 women without cancer. Furthermore, control studies were added to minimize bias from interviewers, and the compare the incidence of lung cancer with exposure to other factors among the different groups. Control study 1 included 100 men with lung cancer and 186 with other chest diseases, and its interviewers were not affiliated with the hospitals and did not know patients' diagnoses.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 42], "content_span": [43, 684]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068132-0008-0001", "contents": "1950 Wynder and Graham Study, Study design\nControl study II involved 83 individuals with lung cancer and involved a similar survey administered by doctors who were not under the oversight of these researchers. Finally, the researchers equated the age distributions of lung cancer and non-cancer groups. The total percentage of patients with cancer in a particular age group was used as a benchmark to adjust the percentages of nonsmokers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 42], "content_span": [43, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068132-0009-0000", "contents": "1950 Wynder and Graham Study, Study design\nTo organize the data, smokers were classified as nonsmokers, light, moderately heavy, heavy, excessive, and chain. Individuals in the study were evaluated based on average daily consumption of cigarettes, age, history of disease, and occupation - the latter two to avoid confounding variables. Researchers wondered if there was a connection between an increased consumption of cigarettes for a longer period of time and a higher prevalence of lung cancer in these individuals, excluding adenocarcinoma.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 42], "content_span": [43, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068132-0010-0000", "contents": "1950 Wynder and Graham Study, Study design\n(Note: table above was reproduced from Table 2: \"Classification of Smoking Habits\" of Wynder and Graham's study)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 42], "content_span": [43, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068132-0011-0000", "contents": "1950 Wynder and Graham Study, Study design\nThe Wynder and Graham study was significant due to the segmentation of risk groups by quantity smoked and the period of tobacco usage. Also, this study sought to reduce confounding variables and selection bias.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 42], "content_span": [43, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068132-0012-0000", "contents": "1950 Wynder and Graham Study, Results and major findings\nThe key finding of the study was that of the men in the study, men with lung cancer were more likely to be long-term smokers than those without the disease. Thus, researchers concluded that smoking is responsible for the onset of bronchogenic carcinoma, but did not establish a causal relationship between smoking cigarettes and developing lung cancer. There was also an evident dose-response relationship: as average daily cigarette consumption increased, so did the number of people with lung cancer as opposed to ones without the disease. Additionally, cigarette usage was shown to contribute to the development of other forms of cancer and heart disease  Also, the control studies conducted by \"third party\" physicians exhibit corresponding results to the data gathered by researchers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 56], "content_span": [57, 846]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068132-0013-0000", "contents": "1950 Wynder and Graham Study, Results and major findings\nConcerning age distributions, 2.3% with lung cancer were younger than 40 years of age, meanwhile 79.3% were older than 50. In the general hospital population, 14.6% were nonsmokers, but there were only 1.3% nonsmokers within the lung cancer group. Likewise, 54.7% in the general hospital group classify themselves as heavy and chain smokers, whereas 86.4% in the lung cancer group smoke the same amount. Also, when focusing on the excessive smokers subset, there is a 32.1% difference in excessive smokers in the lung cancer group and general hospital group.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 56], "content_span": [57, 615]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068132-0014-0000", "contents": "1950 Wynder and Graham Study, Results and major findings\nResearchers assessed different methods of smoking, such as cigarette, pipe, and cigar. They found that almost all smokers consumed cigarettes, 4% smoked pipes, and 3.5% smoked cigars. When polling for inhalation, they discovered cigarette smoke is inhaled more often than that of cigars or pipes. Also, women smoke a lot less than men, and there was not enough data to link smoking to lung cancer in these cases. Therefore, Wynder conducted separate study on women in 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 56], "content_span": [57, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068132-0015-0000", "contents": "1950 Wynder and Graham Study, Results and major findings\n(Note: graph above was reproduced from Figure 3: \"Percentages for amount of smoking among 605 male patients with cancer of the lungs and 780 men in the general hospital population without cancer with the same age and economic distribution\" of Wynder and Graham's study)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 56], "content_span": [57, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068132-0016-0000", "contents": "1950 Wynder and Graham Study, Results and major findings\n(Note: table above was reproduced from Table 5: \"Age Distribution in 605 Cases of Cancer of the Lung in Men\" of Wynder and Graham's study)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 56], "content_span": [57, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068132-0017-0000", "contents": "1950 Wynder and Graham Study, Final conclusions\nThe study concluded that 96.5% of men with bronchogenic carcinoma were heavy to chain smokers, compared to 73.7% of the general population. Statistically, it was rare to find cases of epidermoid or undifferentiated carcinoma in males who haven\u2019t been heavy smokers. Moreover, 96.1% of people with lung cancer smoked for over 20 years, which leads the researchers to hypothesize a 10-year or more lag time between starting smoking and exhibiting the first signs of cancer. Since the overwhelming majority of smokers smoked cigarettes and more cigarette users inhale, this was thought to be a factor in developing lung cancer at a higher rate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 47], "content_span": [48, 689]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068132-0018-0000", "contents": "1950 Wynder and Graham Study, Final conclusions\nMost importantly, the study proved a dose-dependent relationship. Subjects who developed lung cancer smoked more excessively and for a more prolonged period of time than individuals who did not develop the disease.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 47], "content_span": [48, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068132-0019-0000", "contents": "1950 Wynder and Graham Study, Impact\nThe Wynder and Graham 1950 study was able to conclude that \"smoking was an important factor in the production of bronchogenic carcinoma,\" but smoking wasn't established as a causal factor until four years later, when Wynder published another paper entitled, \"Tobacco as a Cause of Lung Cancer\"  The same year Wynder and Graham published their findings, Doll and Hill conducted their own case-control study that reaffirmed smoking raises the chance of developing lung cancer. Several major studies were published three quarters of a year apart in 1950 that reached the same conclusion: smoking is related to lung cancer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 656]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068132-0020-0000", "contents": "1950 Wynder and Graham Study, Impact\nPublic outrage immediately following these papers was underwhelming. In fact, both the scientific and medical sectors cast doubt on the findings, characterizing these study results as controversial. Doll theorized that this state of denial was due to the ubiquity of smoking, and consequently, the public dismissed the dangers of cigarettes since not everyone who smoked developed lung cancer. Additionally, the tobacco industry obscured and distorted these scientific conclusions to dissuade public recognition of the harmful results of smoking, and denied causal link between cigarettes and lung cancer. The tobacco industry appealed to people's desire for freedom and opposition to paternalism. It conveyed the message that the decision to smoke should be left to each individual: in America the government does not have the authority to dictate each person's lifestyle choices.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 918]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068132-0021-0000", "contents": "1950 Wynder and Graham Study, Impact\nIn 1962, the Surgeon General Luther Terry assembled a task force to review the evidence. Two years later, he released the 1964 Smoking and Health: Report of the Advisory Committee to the Surgeon General of the United States, which stated that smoking is a definitive causal factor for lung cancer in men and a probable cause in women. As a result, statistics indicate that the public took notice of this health advisory, since smoking decreased by 5% several months following the report.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 524]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068132-0021-0001", "contents": "1950 Wynder and Graham Study, Impact\nCongressional action followed during the next several years with the Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act of 1965 and the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act of 1970. This legislation resulted in health warnings on cigarette boxes, and prevention of broadcast cigarette advertisements. Additionally, in 1983 the federal cigarette tax doubled (the last cigarette tax increase occurred over 30 years earlier to support the Korean War).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068133-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Wyoming Cowboys football team\nThe 1950 Wyoming Cowboys football team represented the University of Wyoming in the Skyline Conference during the 1950 college football season. In their fourth season under head coach Bowden Wyatt, the Cowboys compiled a perfect 10\u20130 record (5\u20130 against Skyline opponents), won the Skyline Conference championship, ranked No. 12 in the final AP Poll, defeated Washington and Lee in the 1951 Gator Bowl, and outscored all opponents by a total of 363 to 59.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068133-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Wyoming Cowboys football team\nHalfback Eddie Talboom received All-American honors after the 1950 season. He was recognized as a first-team offense player by the International News Service and as a second-team player on offense by the Associated Press.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068133-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Wyoming Cowboys football team\nIn 2000, Talboom became the first player in Wyoming program history to be inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame. Head coach Bowden Wyatt was also inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1997.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068134-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Wyoming gubernatorial election\nThe 1950 Wyoming gubernatorial election took place on November 7, 1950. Incumbent Republican Governor Arthur G. Crane, who ascended to the governorship when Lester C. Hunt was elected to the Senate in 1948, declined to seek re-election. Congressman Frank A. Barrett won the Republican primary to succeed Crane and faced former State Auditor John J. McIntyre, the Democratic nominee, in the general election. Helped by the strong performance nationwide of the Republican Party, Barrett defeated McIntyre by a wide margin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 556]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068134-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Wyoming gubernatorial election, Democratic primary, Campaign\nAs the Democratic primary started, former Congressman and State Auditor John J. McIntyre entered as the frontrunner over State Senator Rudy Anselmi and accountant Carl A. Johnson. McIntyre announced that he would place the \"welfare of our state ahead of partisan politics,\" specifically arguing that state regulatory agencies should be run by experts, \"not under the control of partisan politics\" and calling for \"better highways\" and \"better secondary roads for our farmers and ranchers.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 65], "content_span": [66, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068134-0001-0001", "contents": "1950 Wyoming gubernatorial election, Democratic primary, Campaign\nAnselmi, a longtime state legislator, announced that he would run with a technocratic five-point platform, which included reappraising all state highways; expanding educational opportunities at the University of Wyoming; a top-to-bottom study of economies in the state government; the promotion of industrial development; and developing a centralized accounting system for state budgeting. He argued that \"business principles can be applied to the operation of state government.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 65], "content_span": [66, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068134-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Wyoming gubernatorial election, Democratic primary, Campaign\nThough the primary was speculated to include many more names, including former Secretary of State William M. Jack and former Governor Leslie A. Miller, Miller declined to run, as did Jack.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 65], "content_span": [66, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068134-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Wyoming gubernatorial election, Democratic primary, Campaign\nAs the campaign heated up, the primary issue in the race became reformation of the state's Game and Fish Commission. McIntyre had proposed reforms to the Commission as he launched his campaign, and as the campaign continued, he announced that he would appoint commissioners who would make significant changes in how the body operated. Anselmi echoed McIntyre's views, pledging to appoint \"the best men I could prevail upon to serve and I would not want 'yes men.'\" He emphasized that he would work with them toward \"the single purpose of bettering hunting and fishing in Wyoming.\" Both candidates launched a statewide tour of the state, but the race drew comparatively little attention.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 65], "content_span": [66, 752]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068134-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Wyoming gubernatorial election, Democratic primary, Campaign\nUltimately, McIntyre won the primary by a wide margin over Alsemi, racking up large margins in the northern part of the state. Anselmi won Sweetwater County, which he represented in the legislature, in a landslide, and also had narrow wins in neighboring Lincoln County and Sublette County, while holding McIntyre to narrower wins in much of vote-rich southeastern Wyoming.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 65], "content_span": [66, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068134-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Wyoming gubernatorial election, Republican Primary, Campaign\nThe Republican primary for Governor got off to an earlier start than the Democratic primary; two years prior to the 1950 election, on November 5, 1948, State Senator Leeland U. Grieve announced that he would run. The race remained dormant for more than a year, but in late 1949, Congressman Frank A. Barrett announced his candidacy. On February 1, 1950, C. D. Williamson, the Chairman of the Wyoming Commerce and Industry Commission and a former state legislator, announced that he would join Barrett in the primary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 65], "content_span": [66, 582]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068134-0005-0001", "contents": "1950 Wyoming gubernatorial election, Republican Primary, Campaign\nHe cast himself as an outsider, noting in his announcement that he \"make[s] no claim to professional political experience, but feel that my 40 years in the banking, insurance, timber and livestock business along with my active participation in public affairs in Wyoming justify the belief that I may merit support in this undertaking.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 65], "content_span": [66, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068134-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 Wyoming gubernatorial election, Republican Primary, Campaign\nEven as the race got underway, the contest among Barrett, Williamson, and Grieve was largely quiet, with Barrett seen as the clear frontrunner. Barrett argued for belt-tightening in state government and announced that he would commission a \"little Hoover commission\" to investigate state finances. Grieve, meanwhile, condemned Republican leaders for ceding power to federal regulators and argued that the party needed \"strong men in government.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 65], "content_span": [66, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068134-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 Wyoming gubernatorial election, Republican Primary, Campaign\nIn the end, Barrett defeated his opponents by a wide margin, winning 68% of the vote. Williamson placed second with 21% over Grieve, who managed to win only 8%. Williamson managed a sizable win in Carbon County, which he had previously represented in the legislature, and a narrow win in Park County. Barrett dominated the rest of the state, though he only won in southeast Wyoming by a thin margin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 65], "content_span": [66, 465]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068135-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Wyoming state elections\nA general election was held in the U.S. state of Wyoming on Tuesday, November 7, 1950. All of the state's executive officers\u2014the Governor, Secretary of State, Auditor, Treasurer, and Superintendent of Public Instruction\u2014were up for election. The Republican Party swept all of the offices. Following Democratic Governor Lester C. Hunt's election to the U.S. Senate in 1948, Republican Secretary of State Arthur G. Crane had been acting as Governor. Republican Congressman Frank A. Barrett was elected Governor and Republican candidates won the other statewide races.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 594]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068135-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Wyoming state elections, Governor\nFollowing Governor Lester C. Hunt's election to the U.S. Senate in 1948, Republican Secretary of State Arthur G. Crane had been acting as Governor. Crane declined to seek re-election and Congressman Frank A. Barrett, the Republican nominee, defeated his congressional predecessor, John J. McIntyre, the Democratic nominee, for the Republican Party's first gubernatorial victory since 1938.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068135-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Wyoming state elections, Secretary of State\nIncumbent Republican Secretary of State Arthur G. Crane had acted as Governor starting in 1949, when Governor Hunt was sworn into the U.S. Senate. Crane declined to run for re-election in 1950. Accordingly, term-limited Republican State Treasurer Doc Rogers ran to succeed him. He defeated State Senator Richard Luman in the Republican primary, and then faced Cheyenne Mayor Ben Nelson, the Democratic nominee, in the general election. Despite the strong Republican performance across the state, Rogers only narrowly defeated Nelson. Ironically, just as Crane had acted as Governor when Hunt was elected to the Senate, Governor Barrett would similarly be elected to the Senate in 1952, elevating Rogers to the governorship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 48], "content_span": [49, 772]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068135-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Wyoming state elections, Auditor\nIncumbent Republican State Auditor Everett T. Copenhaver ran for re-election to a second term. He was challenged in the Republican primary by Sam Morgan, a state bank examiner, whom he handily defeated. Democrats did not seriously recruit a candidate to challenge Copenhaver and political newcomer Robert Holland emerged as the nominee over attorney Leonard Schlather. Copenhaver easily defeated Holland, winning the largest margin of victory of any statewide candidate that year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068135-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Wyoming state elections, Treasurer\nIncumbent Republican State Treasurer Doc Rogers, unable to seek re-election, instead ran for Secretary of State. A competitive Republican primary formed to replace him. State Representative J. Roy Mitchell ran against State Senate President George Burke and former State Representative Paul Groesbeck. Like the 1946 primary, the final result was close, with Mitchell beating Burke by fewer than 500 votes. In the general election, Mitchell faced State Representative Raymond B. Morris. Mitchell decisively defeated Morris, winning 56% of the vote to Morris's 44%. However, a little more than a year into his term, Morris died from a heart attack and his wife, Minnie Mitchell, was appointed as his replacement by Governor Barrett. She subsequently won a special election in 1952 for the balance of her husband's term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 39], "content_span": [40, 857]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068135-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Wyoming state elections, Superintendent of Public Instruction\nIncumbent Republican Superintendent of Public Instruction Edna B. Stolt ran for re-election to a second term. She faced challenges in the Republican primary from Verda James, who had served under Stolt as Deputy Superintendent, and from Henry L. Rebbe, Jr., who served as superintendent of schools for the town of Glenrock. Though Stolt won renomination, she was unable to win a majority of the vote, winning just 49.5% of the vote to James's 35% and Rebbe's 15.5%. In the general election, she faced the Democratic nominee, Glenn K. Rogers, a high school teacher in Cheyenne. Despite her weak performance in the Republican primary, Stolt overwhelmingly defeated Rogers in the general election, improving on her performance from 1946.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 801]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068136-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Xavier Gold Rush football team\nThe 1950 Xavier Gold Rush football team was an American football team that represented Xavier University of Louisiana in the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference during the 1950 college football season. Under head coach Alfred \"Zack\" Priestley, the team compiled a 7\u20131 record (6\u20130 against conference opponents), shut out five of eight opponents, and outscored all opponents by a total of 242 to 54 and was ranked No. 13 among the nation's black college football teams according to the Pittsburgh Courier and its Dickinson Rating System. The team was undefeated in the regular season, and its sole loss was to No. 2 Southern in the Pelican State Classic. The team was led on offense by quarterback Eddie Flint, fullback Rip Robert, and Willie McKee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 792]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068137-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Xavier Musketeers football team\nThe 1950 Xavier Musketeers football team was an American football team that represented Xavier University as an independent during the 1950 college football season. In its fourth season under head coach Ed Kluska, the team compiled an 8\u20131 record and outscored opponents by a total of 247 to 141. The team played its home games at Xavier Stadium in Cincinnati.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068137-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Xavier Musketeers football team\nAmong other games, Xavier defeated the otherwise unbeaten 1950 Miami Redskins football team that was coached by Woody Hayes and Ara Parseghian and that featured John Pont at halfback and Bo Schembechler at tackle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068138-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Yale Bulldogs football team\nThe 1950 Yale Bulldogs football team represented Yale University in the 1950 college football season. The Bulldogs were led by third-year head coach Herman Hickman, played their home games at the Yale Bowl and finished the season with a 6\u20133 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068139-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Yugoslav First Basketball League\nThe 1950 Yugoslav First Basketball League season is the 6th season of the Yugoslav First Basketball League, the highest professional basketball league in SFR Yugoslavia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068140-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Yugoslav First League, Cup, Finals\nDinamo: Branko Stin\u010di\u0107, Svemir Deli\u0107, Tomislav Crnkovi\u0107, Kre\u0161o Puk\u0161ec, Ivan Horvat, Dragutin Cizari\u0107, Branko Re\u017eek, Bo\u017eidar Sen\u010dar, Franjo W\u00f6lfl, \u017deljko \u010cajkovski, Zvonko Strnad", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 39], "content_span": [40, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068140-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Yugoslav First League, Cup, Finals\nCrvena Zvezda: Sr\u0111an Mrku\u0161i\u0107, Dimitrije Tadi\u0107, Ivan Zvekanovi\u0107, Bela Palfi, Milivoje \u0110ur\u0111evi\u0107, Predrag \u0110aji\u0107, Tihomir Ognjanov, Rajko Miti\u0107, Kosta Toma\u0161evi\u0107, Sini\u0161a Zlatkovi\u0107, Branislav Vukosavljevi\u0107", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 39], "content_span": [40, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068140-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Yugoslav First League, Cup, Finals Replay\nDinamo: Branko Stin\u010di\u0107, Svemir Deli\u0107, Tomislav Crnkovi\u0107, Kre\u0161imir Puk\u0161ec, Ivan Horvat, Dragutin Cizari\u0107, Stjepan Ka\u0161ner, Branko Re\u017eek, Dionizije Dvorni\u0107, Bo\u017eidar Sen\u010dar, Zvonko Strnad", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 46], "content_span": [47, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068140-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Yugoslav First League, Cup, Finals Replay\nCrvena Zvezda: Sr\u0111an Mrku\u0161i\u0107, Diskic, Ivan Zvekanovi\u0107, Bela Palfi, Milivoje \u0110ur\u0111evi\u0107, Predrag \u0110aji\u0107, Tihomir Ognjanov, Rajko Miti\u0107, Kosta Toma\u0161evi\u0107, Sini\u0161a Zlatkovi\u0107, Branislav Vukosavljevi\u0107", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 46], "content_span": [47, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068141-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Yugoslav Second League\nThe 1950 Yugoslav Second League season was the 4th season of the Second Federal League (Croatian: Druga savezna liga, Serbian: \u0414\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0430 \u043b\u0438\u0433\u0430), the second level association football competition of SFR Yugoslavia, since its establishment in 1946.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068141-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Yugoslav Second League, Teams\nA total of eleven teams contested the league, including five sides from the 1948\u201349 season, one club relegated from the 1948\u201349 Yugoslav First League and five sides promoted from the third tier leagues played in the 1948\u201349 season. The league was contested in a double round robin format, with each club playing every other club twice, for a total of 20 rounds. Two points were awarded for a win and one point for draws.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 34], "content_span": [35, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068141-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Yugoslav Second League, Teams\nSloga Novi Sad were relegated from the 1948\u201349 Yugoslav First League after finishing in the 9th place of the league table, while 10th placed Ponziana Trieste stopped competing in the Yugoslav League system. The five clubs promoted to the second level were 11 Oktomvri Kumanovo, Borac Zagreb, Kvarner, Napredak Kru\u0161evac and \u017deljezni\u010dar Sarajevo.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 34], "content_span": [35, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068142-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Yugoslav Women's Basketball League\nThe 1920 Yugoslav Women's Basketball League is the 6th season of the Yugoslav Women's Basketball League, the highest professional basketball league in Yugoslavia for women's. Championships is played in 1949 played nine teams. Champion for this season is Crvena zvezda.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068143-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 Yugoslavian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Yugoslavia on 26 March 1950. They were the first held under official Communist rule; the Communist Party of Yugoslavia having been elected in the 1945 elections, after which it abolished the monarchy and declared Yugoslavia a republic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068143-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 Yugoslavian parliamentary election\nThe People's Front, dominated by the Communist Party, was the only organisation to contest the election, receiving 94.2% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068143-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 Yugoslavian parliamentary election, Background\nA new electoral law was passed in January 1950. Imro Filacovi\u0107 of the Croatian Peasant Party was the only MP to vote against the law, complaining that it did not allow opposition parties to oversee the vote counting process. As a result, he was jeered in the National Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 51], "content_span": [52, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068143-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 Yugoslavian parliamentary election, Background\nThe new law allowed individual candidacies in elections to the National Assembly, replacing the previous closed list system, although the closed list system remained in place for the Council of Nationalities. Candidates required the signatures of 100 registered voters in order to be able to run for office. However, by this time, the ruling People's Front no longer tolerated opposition parties. As a result, only a single People's Front candidate stood in each constituency. Prime Minister Josip Broz Tito  claimed that any alternative programme would be hostile to socialism, and \"this, naturally, we cannot allow\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 51], "content_span": [52, 670]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068143-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 Yugoslavian parliamentary election, Background\nAs there were no opposition candidates, voters had the choice of voting for the People's Front or casting a negative vote. Voting was carried out using rubber balls, with voters having to place their hands in both ballot boxes to ensure secrecy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 51], "content_span": [52, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068143-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 Yugoslavian parliamentary election, Background\nFollowing \"successful re-education\", 67,000 voters had their rights to vote restored after being disenfranchised for \"anti-people's activities\", although 56,000 people remained disenfranchised for that reason.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 51], "content_span": [52, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068144-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 college football season\nThe 1950 college football season finished with the unbeaten and untied Oklahoma Sooners (9\u20130) being the consensus choice for national champion. On New Year's Day, however, the  Sooners were upset by the Kentucky Wildcats (ranked No. 7 in the AP and UP polls) in the Sugar Bowl. The Army Cadets, ranked No. 2 in the AP Poll, had been defeated in their final regular season game by 2\u20136 Navy, 14\u20132. However, the final poll had been issued on November 27, and the bowl games had no effect on Oklahoma's status as the No. 1 team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068144-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 college football season\nDuring the 20th century, the NCAA had no playoff for the college football teams that would later be described as \"Division I-A\". While the NCAA has never officially endorsed a championship team, it has documented the choices of some selectors in its official NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision Records publication. The AP Poll in 1950 consisted of the votes of as many as 317 sportswriters. Though not all writers voted in every poll, the sportswriters who did cast ballots voted on the ten best teams. Under a point system of 10 points for first place, 9 for second, etc., the \"overall\" ranking was determined, and the top twenty colleges were ranked based on their overall points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 707]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068144-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 college football season\nFor the first time, the Associated Press issued a \"preseason poll\", before most teams played their first games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068144-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 college football season\nStarting in 1950, the United Press began the \"Coaches Poll.\" \"Thirty-five of the nation's foremost football coaches will rate the country's top collegiate football teams each week for the United Press this coming season,\" an announcement stated, with \"five coaches from each section of the country -- the east, midlands, midwest, Pacific coast, the Rockies, south and southwest\". The UP added, referring to the AP writers' poll, \"The nature of the board giving each section of the country equal representation avoids the sectional bias and ballot box stuffing for which other football polls have been criticized.\". The coaches named Notre Dame as the No. 1 team in the first UP poll, with 25 of the 35 first place votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 749]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068144-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 college football season\nGenerally, the top teams played on New Year's Day in the four major postseason bowl games: the Rose Bowl (near Los Angeles at Pasadena), the Sugar Bowl (New Orleans), the Orange Bowl (Miami), and the Cotton Bowl (Dallas).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068144-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 college football season, September\nIn the preseason AP poll released on September 25, 1950, the defending champion Fighting Irish of Notre Dame were the overwhelming choice for first, with 101 of 123 first place votes. Far behind were No. 2 Army, No. 3 Michigan, No. 4 Tennessee and No. 5 Texas (which had won at Texas Tech 28\u201314). As the regular season progressed, a new poll would be issued on the Monday following the weekend's games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 39], "content_span": [40, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068144-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 college football season, September\nOn September 30No. 1 Notre Dame beat No. 20 North Carolina 14\u20137. No. 2 Army beat Colgate 28\u20130,  No. 3 Michigan lost to No. 10 Michigan State 14\u20137. No. 4 Tennessee lost at Mississippi State, 7\u20130. No. 5 Texas beat Purdue, 34\u201326, but fell to 7th. No. 6 Oklahoma beat Boston College 28\u20130. No. 10 SMU, which had beaten Georgia Tech 33\u201313, and Ohio State 32\u201327, rose to 3rd.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 39], "content_span": [40, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068144-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 college football season, October\nOctober 7No. 1 Notre Dame lost to Purdue, 28\u201314, and eventually finished with a 4\u20134\u20131 record. No. 2 Michigan State lost to Maryland, 34\u20137. No. 3 SMU won at Missouri 21\u20130. No. 4 Army beat Penn State 41\u20137. No. 5 Oklahoma beat Texas A&M 34\u201328. No. 6 Kentucky registered a fourth shutout and a 4\u20130 record, with a 40\u20130 win against Dayton. No. 7 Texas, which was idle, rose to 4th place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068144-0008-0000", "contents": "1950 college football season, October\nOctober 14No. 1 Army beat No. 18 Michigan 27\u20136 at Yankee Stadium. No. 2 SMU beat Oklahoma State 56\u20130. No. 3 Oklahoma and No. 4 Texas met in Dallas, with Oklahoma winning narrowly, 14\u201313. No. 5 Kentucky beat Cincinnati 41\u20137. No. 7 California, which had beaten USC 13\u20137, rose to 5th in the next poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068144-0009-0000", "contents": "1950 college football season, October\nOctober 21No. 1 Army won at Harvard 49\u20130. No. 2 Oklahoma beat Kansas State 58\u20130. In Houston, No. 3 SMU beat No. 15 Rice 42\u201321. In Philadelphia, No. 4 Kentucky beat Villanova 34\u20137. No. 5 California beat Oregon State in Portland 27\u20130", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068144-0010-0000", "contents": "1950 college football season, October\nOctober 28No. 1 SMU was idle. No. 2 Army won at Columbia 34\u20130. No. 3 Oklahoma won at Iowa State 20\u20137. In Atlanta, No. 4 Kentucky beat Georgia Tech 28\u201314. No. 5 California beat St. Mary's 40\u201325 and dropped in the polls. No. 6 Ohio State beat Iowa 83\u201321", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068144-0011-0000", "contents": "1950 college football season, November\nNovember 4 No. 1 SMU lost at No. 7 Texas, 23\u201320. No. 2 Army won at No. 15 Pennsylvania 28\u201313. No. 3 Oklahoma won at Colorado 27\u201318. No. 4 Ohio State won at Northwestern 32\u20130. No. 5 Kentucky beat No. 17 Florida 40\u20136. No. 7 Texas beat SMU 23\u201320, and returned to the top five.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068144-0012-0000", "contents": "1950 college football season, November\nNovember 11 No. 1 Army beat New Mexico 51\u20130. No. 2 Ohio State beat No. 15 Wisconsin 19\u201314. No. 3 Oklahoma won at No. 19 Kansas, 33\u201313. No. 4 Kentucky won at Mississippi State, 48\u201321. No. 5 Texas beat Baylor 27\u201320. No. 6 California, which was 7\u20130\u20130 after a 35\u20130 win against No. 19 UCLA, rose to 4th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068144-0013-0000", "contents": "1950 college football season, November\nNovember 18 No. 1 Ohio State lost at No. 8 Illinois, 14\u20137. No. 2 Oklahoma beat Missouri 41\u20137. No. 3 Army won at Stanford 7\u20130. No. 4 California defeated San Francisco 13\u20137. No. 5 Kentucky handed visiting North Dakota an 83\u20130 defeat to extend its record to 9\u20130\u20130, but still faced a final game was against 8\u20131\u20130 Tennessee. No. 6 Texas won at TCU 21\u20137.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068144-0014-0000", "contents": "1950 college football season, November\nNovember 25 No. 1 Oklahoma beat No. 16 Nebraska 49\u201335. No. 2 Army was idle as it prepared for the Army\u2013Navy Game. No. 3 Kentucky lost at No. 9 Tennessee, 7\u20130. No. 4 California and unranked Stanford played to a 7\u20137 tie in Berkeley. No. 5 Texas beat Texas A&M 21\u20136. Michigan beat Ohio State in the famous Snow Bowl 9\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068144-0015-0000", "contents": "1950 college football season, November\nThe final AP poll was released on November 27, although some colleges had not completed their schedules. On December 2, with its champion status assured, No. 1 Oklahoma beat Oklahoma State 41\u201314. No. 2 Army (9\u20130\u20130) was heavily favored to beat unranked, and 2\u20136\u20130, Navy. Instead, the Philadelphia game turned into a 14\u20132 win for the Midshipmen. No. 3 Texas played a game on December 9, beating LSU 21\u20136.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068145-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 in Afghanistan\nThe following lists events that happened during 1950 in Afghanistan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068145-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 in Afghanistan, January 4, 1950\nThe year begins auspiciously by the signature at New Delhi, India, of a treaty of friendship with India. The treaty provided that each signatory should be able to establish trade agencies in the other's territory. The treaty would last for five years in the first instance, and at the end of that period it would be terminable at six months' notice. This friendship with India does not find reflection in Afghanistan's relations with Pakistan. Pakistan feels that Afghanistan is too tolerant of the so-called independent Pashtunistan movement, which has for its aim the creation of a Pashto-speaking enclave and therefore a new state to be carved out of Pakistan territory. Afghanistan develops closer relations during the year with Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Iran.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 36], "content_span": [37, 800]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068145-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 in Afghanistan, July 1950\nOn 17 July 1950, the USSR and Afghanistan signed a 4-year Trade Agreement providing for duty-free transit of Afghan goods through Soviet territory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 30], "content_span": [31, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068145-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 in Afghanistan, September 1950\nDisturbances are caused by an apparent invasion of Pakistan near the Bogra pass. The Afghan government promptly denies that the invaders have comprised Afghan troops. The prime minister of Pakistan, Liaquat Ali Khan, in disclosing that a protest has been sent to Kabul on what he describes as the culminating incident in a number of minor frontier violations, declares that Pakistan is willing to discuss economic and cultural questions of common concern to the two countries. He nevertheless deprecates any action which might disturb the peace of the strategic frontier area.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 35], "content_span": [36, 612]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068146-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 in Australia\nThe following lists events that happened during 1950 in Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 84]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068147-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 in Australian literature\nThis article presents a list of the historical events and publications of Australian literature during 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068147-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 in Australian literature, Births\nA list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1950 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068147-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 in Australian literature, Deaths\nA list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1950 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068150-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 in Brazilian football\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by BHGbot (talk | contribs) at 04:14, 19 June 2020 (WP:BHGbot 6 (List 5): eponymous category first, per MOS:CATORDER; WP:GENFIXES). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068150-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 in Brazilian football\nThe following article presents a summary of the 1950 football (soccer) season in Brazil, which was the 49th season of competitive football in the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068150-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 in Brazilian football, Brazil national team\nThe following table lists all the games played by the Brazil national football team in official competitions and friendly matches during 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 48], "content_span": [49, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068151-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 in British music\nThis is a summary of 1950 in music in the United Kingdom.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 79]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068152-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 in British radio\nThis is a list of events from British radio in 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 74]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068153-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 in British television\nThis is a list of British television related events from 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068155-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 in Canada, Historical documents\nNorth Korea invades South and Opposition Leader says Canada is involved through UN role and because of immediacy of modern world", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068155-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 in Canada, Historical documents\nMoral, not strategic, stakes require defeat of North Korea, so that \"naked aggression\" will not destroy state created by UN", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068155-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 in Canada, Historical documents\nFilm: newsreel of Canadian airmen leaving for Korea as U.S. troops fight on defensive near Pusan invasion beachhead", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068155-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 in Canada, Historical documents\nCanada and U.S.A. agree to further defence industry mobilization at level of cooperation seen in Second World War", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068155-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 in Canada, Historical documents\n\"It is the function of diplomacy to seek accommodation\" - Canada and allies send in diplomats as well as military to end Korean War", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068155-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 in Canada, Historical documents\nCanadian troops arrive by ship at Pusan, Korea and U.S. Army band plays \"If I Knew You Were Coming I'd Have Baked a Cake\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068155-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 in Canada, Historical documents\n\"Uneasy equilibrium\" - In countering Chinese attack in Korean War, Canada and allies must not provoke U.S.S.R. to start world war", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068155-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 in Canada, Historical documents\n\"Growing atmosphere of fear, suspicion, frustration, and isolation\" - Authorities in Eastern Bloc countries harass diplomats", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068155-0008-0000", "contents": "1950 in Canada, Historical documents\n\"Our first duty to civilization is[...]sufficient military strength\" - Prime Minister St. Laurent on liberalism against totalitarianism", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068155-0009-0000", "contents": "1950 in Canada, Historical documents\nFor federal-provincial accord on bill of rights, Senate committee says \"control within Canada of the Canadian Constitution\" is required", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068155-0010-0000", "contents": "1950 in Canada, Historical documents\nThough \"coloured troops introduced venereal disease[... ]during the war,\" Canada can hardly refuse Black GIs since U.S. military integration", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068155-0011-0000", "contents": "1950 in Canada, Historical documents\nPakistani PM says idea that \"commonwealth ties are mainly religious, historical or racial must be regarded as having outlived its use\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068155-0012-0000", "contents": "1950 in Canada, Historical documents\n\"There is discrimination against Indians in the matter of immigration[... ]and admission of relatives of Indians already settled\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068155-0013-0000", "contents": "1950 in Canada, Historical documents\nWith Canada's \"serious shortage of female domestics and nurses' aids,\" loans should go to Europeans in \"this class of immigrant\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068155-0014-0000", "contents": "1950 in Canada, Historical documents\n\"We can ASK...CRUSADE...DEMAND...and WIN\" - Alton C. Parker and other Windsor, Ont. Blacks organize to oppose segregation", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068155-0015-0000", "contents": "1950 in Canada, Historical documents\nPhoto: Emily General from Six Nations of the Grand River shows Haldimand Treaty to members of UN Commission on Human Rights", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068155-0016-0000", "contents": "1950 in Canada, Historical documents\n\"Vast volume of water into every stream\" - Signs of major flood event noted before Red River flood surge enters Manitoba", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068155-0017-0000", "contents": "1950 in Canada, Historical documents\n\"Small measure of our gratitude for all the help we have had\" - Britons donate unique household items to flood victims", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068155-0018-0000", "contents": "1950 in Canada, Historical documents\n\"Too willing to accept people at their face value\" - RCMP security report on Canadian diplomat Herbert Norman", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068155-0019-0000", "contents": "1950 in Canada, Historical documents\nFilm: 30-minute short on cancer research and treatment includes laboratory, hospital and classroom shots, plus animation", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068155-0020-0000", "contents": "1950 in Canada, Historical documents\nFilm: newsreel of parachute personnel jumping from Dakota aircraft on practice rescue mission out of RCAF Station Trenton", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068156-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 in Canadian football, Canadian Football News in 1950\nThe Hamilton Tigers and the Hamilton Wildcats merged to form the Hamilton Tiger-Cats. The Regina franchise officially changed their name to become the Saskatchewan Roughriders on Saturday, April 1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 57], "content_span": [58, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068156-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 in Canadian football, Canadian Football News in 1950\nThe WIFU allowed the third place team in the standings to be qualified for a playoff berth. The first professional playoff game was played at night under lights \u2013 Winnipeg Blue Bombers and the Edmonton Eskimos. The 38th Grey Cup, nicknamed \"The Mud Bowl\", was held at Toronto's Varsity Stadium with an attendance of 27,101.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 57], "content_span": [58, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068156-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 in Canadian football, Regular season, Final regular season standings\nNote: GP = Games Played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, PF = Points For, PA = Points Against, Pts = Points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 73], "content_span": [74, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068156-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 in Canadian football, Grey Cup Championship\n38th Annual Grey Cup Game: Varsity Stadium \u2013 Toronto, Ontario", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 48], "content_span": [49, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068156-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 in Canadian football, Grey Cup Championship\nThe Argonauts defeated Winnipeg in what is now known simply as the \u2018Mud Bowl\u2019.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 48], "content_span": [49, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068156-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 in Canadian football, 1950 Eastern (Combined IRFU & ORFU) All-Stars\nNOTE: During this time most players played both ways, so the All-Star selections do not distinguish between some offensive and defensive positions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 72], "content_span": [73, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068156-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 in Canadian football, 1950 Western Interprovincial Football Union All-Stars\nNOTE: During this time most players played both ways, so the All-Star selections do not distinguish between some offensive and defensive positions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 80], "content_span": [81, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068156-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 in Canadian football, 1950 Ontario Rugby Football Union All-Stars\nNOTE: During this time most players played both ways, so the All-Star selections do not distinguish between some offensive and defensive positions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 70], "content_span": [71, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068157-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 in Cape Verde\nThe following lists events that happened during 1950 in Cape Verde.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 86]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068158-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 in Chile\nThe following lists events that happened during 1950 in Chile.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 76]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068159-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 in China\nEvents in the year 1950 in the People's Republic of China.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 72]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068161-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 in Estonia\nThis article lists events that occurred during 1950 in Estonia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 79]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068163-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 in Germany\nEvents in the year 1950 in West Germany and East Germany.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 73]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068164-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 in Iceland\nThe following lists events that happened in 1950 in Iceland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 76]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068165-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 in India\nEvents in the year 1950 in the Republic of India.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 63]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068167-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 in Israel, Unspecified dates\nThe following events took place during 1950 (dates not specified):", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 33], "content_span": [34, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068168-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 in Laos\nThe following lists events that happened during 1950 in Laos.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 74]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068169-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 in Luxembourg\nThe following lists events that happened during 1950 in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068170-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 in Malaya\nThis article lists important figures and events in Malayan public affairs during the year 1950, together with births and deaths of significant Malayans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068172-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 in Michigan\nIn a poll taken by the Associated Press of newspaper and radio editors, the following stories were selected as the most important Michigan news stories of 1950 (with number of voting points in parenthesis):", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068172-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 in Michigan\nOther sports highlights included (1) the 1949\u201350 Detroit Red Wings' victory in the Stanley Cup finals, (2) the Detroit Lions acquisition in April 1950 of quarterback Bobby Layne, with Layne serving as the team's quarterback for nine years and leading the team to three NFL championships, and (3) the 1950 Michigan Wolverines football team's winning the Big Ten Conference championship by defeating Ohio State in the Snow Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068172-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 in Michigan, Population\nIn the 1950 United States Census, Michigan was recorded as having a population of 6,421,000 persons, ranking as the seventh most populous state in the country. By 1960, the state's population had grown 22.8% to 7,823,194 persons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 28], "content_span": [29, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068172-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 in Michigan, Population, Cities\nThe following is a list of cities in Michigan with a population of at least 40,000 based on 1950 U.S. Census data. Historic census data from 1940 and 1960 is included to reflect trends in population increases or decreases. Cities that are part of the Detroit metropolitan area are shaded in tan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 36], "content_span": [37, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068172-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 in Michigan, Population, Counties\nThe following is a list of counties in Michigan with populations of at least 100,000 based on 1950 U.S. Census data. Historic census data from 1940 and 1960 are included to reflect trends in population increases or decreases. Counties that are part of the Detroit metropolitan area are shaded in tan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 38], "content_span": [39, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068172-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 in Michigan, Companies\nThe following is a list of major companies based in Michigan in 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 27], "content_span": [28, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068173-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 in New Zealand\nThe following lists events that happened during  1950 in New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068173-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 in New Zealand\nNew Zealand entered into the Korean War \u2013 a total of 4,700 New Zealanders served in Korea. New Zealand also was involved in the Malayan Emergency.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068173-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 in New Zealand\nThe New Zealand Legislative Council was abolished, see Suicide squad.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068173-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 in New Zealand\nWool prices boomed, tripling during the year, due to U.S. stockpiling as a reaction to the Korean war. This was offset somewhat by increases in the prices of other (imported) commodities, but began the biggest economic boom of the 20th century in New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068173-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 in New Zealand, Incumbents, Government\nThe 29th New Zealand Parliament continued. In power was the newly elected National government under Sidney Holland of the National Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 43], "content_span": [44, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068173-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 in New Zealand, Arts and literature, Film\nSee : Category:1950 film awards, 1950 in film, List of New Zealand feature films, Cinema of New Zealand, Category:1950 films", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 46], "content_span": [47, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068173-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 in New Zealand, Sport, Lawn bowls\nThe national outdoor lawn bowls championships are held in Christchurch.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 38], "content_span": [39, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068173-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 in New Zealand, Sport, Rugby union\nThe British and Irish Lions, captained by Karl Mullen, toured the country, losing three tests to the All Blacks and drawing one.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 39], "content_span": [40, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068174-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 in North Korea\nThe following lists events that happened during 1950 in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068175-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 in Northern Ireland, Sport\nThis was the only year where Ireland didn't participate at the Commonwealth Games. (British Empire Games)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 31], "content_span": [32, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068177-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 in Norwegian football, First Division, Promoted to first division\nAkademisk, Askim, Baune, Bj\u00f8rkelangen, Borgen, B\u00e6kkelaget, Flint, H\u00f8dd, Nordnes, Randaberg, Raufoss, Sportsklubben 31, Steinkjer, Strong, S\u00f8rfjell, Tryggkameratene, T\u00f8nsberg Turn, Ur\u00e6dd, Vang and Vidar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 70], "content_span": [71, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068178-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 in Norwegian music\nThe following is a list of notable events and releases of the year 1950 in Norwegian music.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068182-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 in Singapore\nThe following lists events that happened during 1950 in Singapore.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 84]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068183-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 in South Africa\nThis is a list of events that occurred in 1950 in South Africa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 84]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068183-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 in South Africa, Sports, British Empire Games\nThe British Empire Games (now the Commonwealth Games), after a 12-year gap, takes place in Auckland, New Zealand from 4 to 11 February. Of the 12 participating countries which include Southern Rhodesia, South Africa finishes 5th on the medals list, winning 20 medals, 8 Gold, 4 Silver and 8 Bronze. The medal winners are:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 50], "content_span": [51, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068183-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 in South Africa, Sports, Football\nThe Australia national association football team tours South Africa and plays four games against the South Africa national football team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 38], "content_span": [39, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068187-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 in Taiwan\nEvents from the year 1950 in Taiwan, Republic of China. This year is numbered Minguo 39 according to the official Republic of China calendar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068188-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 in Thailand\nThe year 1950 was the 169th year of the Rattanakosin Kingdom of Thailand. It was the 5th year in the reign of King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX), and is reckoned as year 2493 in the Buddhist Era.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068190-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 in Wales\nThis article is about the particular significance of the year 1950 to Wales and its people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068191-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 in architecture\nThe year 1950 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068193-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 in association football\nThe following are the football (soccer) events of the year 1950 throughout the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068195-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 in baseball\nThe following are the baseball events of the year 1950  throughout the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068196-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 in comics\nNotable events of 1950 in comics. See also List of years in comics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 82]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068196-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 in comics, Events and publications, Specific date unknown\nThe U.S. comics industry comes to a turning point. The Golden Age of Comic Books is ending, and the rise of crime comics, romance comics, Western comics, horror comics, and science fiction comics signals the start of the new decade.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 62], "content_span": [63, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068197-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 in country music\nThis is a list of notable events in country music that took place in the year 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068198-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 in film, Top-grossing films (U.S.)\nThe top ten 1950 released films by box office gross in North America are as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 39], "content_span": [40, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068199-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 in fine arts of the Soviet Union\nThe year 1950 was marked by many events that left an imprint on the history of Soviet and Russian Fine Arts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068200-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 in jazz\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by 63.143.205.78 (talk) at 16:46, 16 November 2019. The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068200-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 in jazz\nThis is a timeline documenting events of Jazz in the year 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 76]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068201-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 in literature\nThis article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068202-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 in motorsport\nThe following is an overview of the events of 1950 in motorsport including the major racing events, motorsport venues that were opened and closed during a year, championships and non-championship events that were established and disestablished in a year, and births and deaths of racing drivers and other motorsport people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068202-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 in motorsport, Annual events\nThe calendar includes only annual major non-championship events or annual events that had own significance separate from the championship. For the dates of the championship events see related season articles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 33], "content_span": [34, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068203-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 in music\nThis is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068203-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 in music, No. 1 hit singles\nThese singles reached the top of Billboard magazine's charts in 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 32], "content_span": [33, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068203-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 in music, Biggest hit singles\nThe following songs achieved the highest  in the limited set of charts available for 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 34], "content_span": [35, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068204-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 in paleontology\nPaleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068205-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 in poetry\nNationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068205-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 in poetry, Works published in English\nListed by nation where the work was first published and again by the poet's native land, if different; substantially revised works listed separately:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 42], "content_span": [43, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068205-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 in poetry, Works published in other languages\nListed by nation where the work was first published and again by the poet's native land, if different; substantially revised works listed separately:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 50], "content_span": [51, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068205-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 in poetry, Births\nDeath years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068205-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 in poetry, Deaths\nBirth years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068206-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 in professional wrestling\n1950 in professional wrestling describes the year's events in the world of professional wrestling.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068207-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 in radio\nThe year 1950 saw a number of significant happenings in radio broadcasting history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068208-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 in rail transport\nThis article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068209-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 in science\nThe year 1950 in science and technology included some significant events.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068210-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 in sports\n1950 in Sports describes the year's events in world sport. Popular sports during the 1950s were badminton and soccer. Also, 1950 was a huge year for horse racing \u2013 horse racing tripled in spectators and prize pools increased.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068210-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 in sports, Athletics\nThe 4th European Athletics Championships were held from 23 August to 27 August at the Heysel Stadium in Brussels.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 25], "content_span": [26, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068211-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 in television\nThe year 1950 in television involved some significant events. Below is a list of television-related events during 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068212-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 in the Belgian Congo\nThe following lists events that happened during 1950 in the Belgian Congo.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068213-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 in the Netherlands\nThis article lists some of the events from 1950 related to the Netherlands.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068214-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 in the Philippines\n1950 in the Philippines details events of note that happened in the Philippines in 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068215-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 in the Soviet Union\nThe following lists events that happened during 1950 in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068218-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 removal of the Stone of Scone\nOn Christmas Day 1950, four Scottish students from the University of Glasgow (Ian Hamilton, Gavin Vernon, Kay Matheson and Alan Stuart) removed the Stone of Scone from Westminster Abbey in London and took the Stone back to Scotland. The students were members of the Scottish Covenant Association, a group that supported home rule for Scotland. In 2008 the incident was made into a film called Stone of Destiny.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068218-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 removal of the Stone of Scone, Background\nThe Stone of Scone, the ancient Stone upon which Scottish monarchs had been crowned, was taken from Scone near Perth, Scotland by King Edward I of England (Longshanks) in 1296 during the Scottish Wars of Independence as a spoil of war, kept in Westminster Abbey in London and fitted into King Edward's Chair. Subsequent English and then British monarchs were crowned sitting upon the chair and Stone. At the time, the Stone was viewed as a symbol of Scottish nationhood; by removing the Stone to London, Edward I was declaring himself 'King of the Scots'.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 602]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068218-0002-0000", "contents": "1950 removal of the Stone of Scone, Background\nIn 1950, Ian Hamilton, a student at the University of Glasgow, approached Gavin Vernon with a plan to remove the Stone of Scone from Westminster Abbey in London and return it to Scotland. The plan was funded by a Glasgow businessman, Robert Gray, who was a councillor on the Glasgow Corporation. Vernon agreed to participate in the plan along with Kay Matheson and Alan Stuart who were also students in Glasgow. By removing the Stone the group hoped to promote their cause for Scottish devolution and to reawaken a sense of national identity amongst the Scottish people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 617]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068218-0003-0000", "contents": "1950 removal of the Stone of Scone, Removal of the Stone of Scone\nIn December 1950, a few days before Christmas, the four students from Glasgow drove to London in two Ford Anglias, a journey which took them eighteen hours. On arrival in London they had a brief meeting at a Lyons Corner House and decided to make an immediate attempt at removing the Stone from the Abbey. Later that day Ian Hamilton hid under a trolley in the Abbey, but was caught by a nightwatchman after the Abbey doors had been closed, briefly questioned, and then let go.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 65], "content_span": [66, 543]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068218-0004-0000", "contents": "1950 removal of the Stone of Scone, Removal of the Stone of Scone\nThe following day Vernon and Stuart returned to Westminster Abbey and learned some information on the watchmen's shifts. In the middle of that night, the three men entered a works yard and gained entrance into Poet's Corner. Reaching the Chapel containing the tomb of Edward I and King Edward's Chair, they pulled down the barrier. On removing the Stone from under the Chair, it crashed to the floor and broke into two pieces. The three men, using Hamilton's coat, dragged the larger piece down the high altar steps, then Hamilton took the smaller piece to one of the cars waiting outside.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 65], "content_span": [66, 655]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068218-0005-0000", "contents": "1950 removal of the Stone of Scone, Removal of the Stone of Scone\nIan Hamilton placed the small piece of Stone in the boot of the car and got into the passenger seat. As he did this, Kay Matheson noticed a policeman in the gaslight; Hamilton and Matheson immediately fell into a lovers' clinch. The policeman stopped and the three proceeded to have a conversation even though it was 5 a.m.  Having shared some jokes and a cigarette, Matheson and Hamilton drove off to Victoria, Hamilton getting out on the way to walk back to the Abbey. On his arrival, there was no sign of Vernon and Stuart, so he proceeded to drag the large piece of stone to the car himself. As he was driving away, he saw Vernon and Stuart walking towards him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 65], "content_span": [66, 731]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068218-0006-0000", "contents": "1950 removal of the Stone of Scone, Removal of the Stone of Scone\nThe stone was so heavy that the springs on the car were sagging, so Vernon, fearing the alarm had been raised, made his way to Rugby, Warwickshire. Hamilton and Stuart drove to Kent, hid the large piece of stone in a field and made their way back to Scotland. Matheson left her car, containing the small piece of the Stone, with a friend in the Midlands, and like Vernon made her way back to Scotland by train. On discovering that the Stone was missing, the authorities closed the border between Scotland and England for the first time in four hundred years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 65], "content_span": [66, 624]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068218-0007-0000", "contents": "1950 removal of the Stone of Scone, Removal of the Stone of Scone\nA fortnight later, Hamilton and some friends recovered the two pieces and brought them to Glasgow. They hired a stonemason, Baillie Robert Gray, to mend the Stone. Gray placed a brass rod inside the Stone containing a piece of paper. To this day, nobody knows what was written on the piece of paper.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 65], "content_span": [66, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068218-0008-0000", "contents": "1950 removal of the Stone of Scone, Removal of the Stone of Scone\nIn April 1951 the police received a message and the Stone was found on the site of the High Altar at Arbroath Abbey where, in 1320, the assertion of Scottish nationhood was made in the Declaration of Arbroath. The Stone was returned to Westminster Abbey in February 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 65], "content_span": [66, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068218-0009-0000", "contents": "1950 removal of the Stone of Scone, Removal of the Stone of Scone\nThe police conducted an investigation with a focus on Scotland. All four of the group were interviewed and all but Ian Hamilton later confessed to their involvement. The authorities decided not to prosecute as the potential for the event to become politicised was far too great. Sir Hartley Shawcross, addressing Parliament on the matter, said: \"The clandestine removal of the Stone from Westminster Abbey, and the manifest disregard for the sanctity of the abbey, were vulgar acts of vandalism which have caused great distress and offence both in England and Scotland. I do not think, however, that the public interest required criminal proceedings to be taken.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 65], "content_span": [66, 729]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068218-0010-0000", "contents": "1950 removal of the Stone of Scone, Aftermath\nTo understand the implications of the raid, one must understand the political landscape in the United Kingdom just after the end of the Second World War. The United Kingdom was a unified nation and even in an era of post-war austerity, devolution was not on the political agenda. At the time, the Scottish National Party had 0.7% of the vote, the Labour Party had withdrawn its commitment to devolution, and the Conservative Party was at the high point of its popularity in Scotland. The raid was completely unexpected and gave the cause of Scottish devolution and nationalism a brief sense of prominence in the public conscience throughout the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 45], "content_span": [46, 699]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068218-0011-0000", "contents": "1950 removal of the Stone of Scone, Aftermath\nThe students became notorious for the daring heist and in Scotland they became immensely popular. The heist and the students became synonymous with the devolution and nationalist political movements in Scotland from 1950 onwards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 45], "content_span": [46, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068218-0012-0000", "contents": "1950 removal of the Stone of Scone, Aftermath\nOver time the incident encouraged a belief in change, throwing open to scrutiny the Union, which had existed since 1707. Long before the Stone was officially returned to Scotland in 1996 and the Scottish people voted for devolution in 1997, the removal of the Stone of Scone in 1950 contributed to those events.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 45], "content_span": [46, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068218-0013-0000", "contents": "1950 removal of the Stone of Scone, Aftermath\nThe removal of the stone was the subject of a contemporary Scottish Gaelic song by Donald MacIntyre, \"\u00d2ran na Cloiche\" (\"The Song of the Stone\"). Its return to London was the subject of an accompanying lament, \"Nuair a Chaidh a' Chlach a Thilleadh\" (\"When the Stone Was Returned\").", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 45], "content_span": [46, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068218-0014-0000", "contents": "1950 removal of the Stone of Scone, Aftermath\nIn 2008, Hamilton's book, The Taking of the Stone of Destiny, was made into a film entitled Stone of Destiny. The film depicted Hamilton (played by Charlie Cox) as the protagonist leading a team of students to reclaim the Stone of Scone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 45], "content_span": [46, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068218-0015-0000", "contents": "1950 removal of the Stone of Scone, Aftermath\nBBC Alba released an hour-long bilingual (Scottish Gaelic and English) dramatization of Kay Matheson's (played by Kathleen MacInnes) interrogation by the police. In this version Matheson pretends to speak only Gaelic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 45], "content_span": [46, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068219-0000-0000", "contents": "1950 \u00darvalsdeild, Overview\nIt was contested by 5 teams, and KR won the championship. Fram's R\u00edkhar\u00f0ur J\u00f3nsson and L\u00e1rus Hallbj\u00f6rnsson, as well as \u00cdA's \u00de\u00f3r\u00f0ur \u00de\u00f3r\u00f0arson, Valur's Halld\u00f3r Halld\u00f3rsson and V\u00edkingur's Gunnlaugur L\u00e1russon, were the joint top scorers with 3 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 26], "content_span": [27, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068219-0001-0000", "contents": "1950 \u00darvalsdeild, League standings\nThis article about an Icelandic association football competition is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 34], "content_span": [35, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068220-0000-0000", "contents": "1950/1951 News of the World Snooker Tournament\nThe 1950/1951 News of the World Snooker Tournament was a professional snooker tournament sponsored by the News of the World. The tournament was won by Alec Brown who won all his 7 matches, finishing ahead of John Pulman who won 5 matches. The News of the World Snooker Tournament ran from 1949/50 to 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068220-0001-0000", "contents": "1950/1951 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Format\nThe 1950/51 event was a round-robin snooker tournament and was played from 9 October 1950 to 20 January 1951. All matches were played at Leicester Square Hall in London. There were 8 competitors and a total of 28 matches. There were 8 competitors: Joe Davis, Fred Davis, Walter Donaldson, Albert Brown, Horace Lindrum, John Pulman and Sidney Smith together with Alec Brown who had won the qualifying event. Each match lasted three days and was the best of 37 frames.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 54], "content_span": [55, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068220-0002-0000", "contents": "1950/1951 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Format\nUnlike the previous year's tournament, each match was separately handicapped. Joe Davis played level with Walter Donaldson and gave Fred Davis 10, Albert Brown, Horace Lindrum and Sidney Smith, John Pulman 25 and Alec Brown 30. Fred Davis played level with Walter Donaldson and Horace Lindrum and gave Albert Brown 10, Sidney Smith 14, John Pulman 16 and Alec Brown 21. Walter Donaldson gave Albert Brown, Horace Lindrum and Sidney Smith 10, John Pulman 16 and Alec Brown 21. Albert Brown played level with John Pulman and gave Sidney Smith 3, Horace Lindrum 7 and Alec Brown 10. Horace Lindrum played level with Sidney Smith and gave John Pulman 7 and Alec Brown 11. Sidney Smith gave John Pulman 7 and Alec Brown 11. John Pulman gave Alec Brown 11.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 54], "content_span": [55, 805]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068220-0003-0000", "contents": "1950/1951 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Results\nIn his last match John Pulman, receiving 25 points each frame, beat Joe Davis to move into second place in the table. Joe Davis still had one match to play and could retake second place by winning 22 frames against his brother Fred in his last match. Even though he had a break of 140 on the second day, Joe trailed 14\u201310 and could no longer get second place. Fred eventually won 22\u201315.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 55], "content_span": [56, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068220-0004-0000", "contents": "1950/1951 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Results\nJoe Davis made a break of 143 in the third frame of his match against Walter Donaldson. He potted all the red, 12 blacks, 2 pinks and a blue and then all the colours. He made a break of 101 the following day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 55], "content_span": [56, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068220-0005-0000", "contents": "1950/1951 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Results\nThe positions were determined firstly by the number of matches won (MW) and, in the event of a tie, the number of frames won (FW).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 55], "content_span": [56, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068220-0006-0000", "contents": "1950/1951 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Qualifying\nThe qualifying tournament was played from 18 September to 7 October 1950. These matches were also played at Leicester Square Hall in London. As in the main event, each match lasted three days and was the best of 37 frames. There were 4 competitors: John Barrie, Alec Brown, Kingsley Kennerley and Sydney Lee. John Barrie and Alec Brown each won their first two matches which meant that the final match, between the two, would decide the winner. Alec Brown won a close match 19\u201318. Kingsley Kennerley had beaten Sydney Lee 21\u201316 in their final match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 58], "content_span": [59, 608]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068221-0000-0000", "contents": "1950/51 NTFL season\nThe 1950/51 NTFL season was the 30th season of the Northern Territory Football League (NTFL).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068221-0001-0000", "contents": "1950/51 NTFL season\nBuffaloes have won there 11th premiership title while defeating the Waratah in the grand final by 18 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068222-0000-0000", "contents": "1950s\nThe 1950s (pronounced nineteen-fifties; commonly abbreviated as the \"Fifties\" or the \" '50s\") (among other variants) was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1, 1950, and ended on December 31, 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 5], "section_span": [5, 5], "content_span": [6, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068222-0001-0000", "contents": "1950s\nThroughout the decade, the world continued its recovery from World War II, aided by the post-World War II economic expansion. The period also saw great population growth with increased birth rates and the emergence of the baby boomer generation. Despite this recovery, the Cold War developed from its modest beginnings in the late 1940s to a heated competition between the Soviet Union and the United States by the early 1960s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 5], "section_span": [5, 5], "content_span": [6, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068222-0001-0001", "contents": "1950s\nThe ideological clash between communism and capitalism dominated the decade, especially in the Northern Hemisphere, with conflicts including the Korean War in the early 1950s, the Cuban Revolution, the beginning of the Vietnam War in French Indochina, and the beginning of the Space Race with the launch of Sputnik\u00a01 in 1957. Along with increased testing of nuclear weapons (such as RDS-37 and Upshot\u2013Knothole), the tense geopolitical situation created a politically conservative climate. In the United States, a wave of anti-communist sentiment known as the Second Red Scare resulted in Congressional hearings by both houses in Congress. The beginning of decolonization in Africa and Asia also took place in this decade and accelerated in the following decade.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 5], "section_span": [5, 5], "content_span": [6, 767]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068222-0002-0000", "contents": "1950s, Economics\nInflation was moderate during the decade of the 1950s. The first few months had a deflationary hangover from the 1940s but the first full year ended with what looked like the beginnings of massive inflation with annual inflation rates ranging from 8% to 9% a year. By 1952 inflation subsided. 1954 and 1955 flirted with deflation again but the remainder of the decade had moderate inflation ranging from 1% to 3.7%. The average annual inflation for the entire decade was only 2.04%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 5], "section_span": [7, 16], "content_span": [17, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068222-0003-0000", "contents": "1950s, Science and technology, Technology\nThe recently invented bipolar transistor, though initially quite feeble, had clear potential and was rapidly improved and developed at the beginning of the 1950s by companies such as GE, RCA, and Philco. The first commercial transistor production started at the Western Electric plant in Allentown, Pennsylvania, in October, 1951 with the point contact germanium transistor. It wasn't until around 1954 that transistor products began to achieve real commercial success with small portable radios.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 5], "section_span": [7, 41], "content_span": [42, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068222-0004-0000", "contents": "1950s, Science and technology, Technology\nA breakthrough in semiconductor technology came with the invention of the MOSFET (metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor), also known as the MOS transistor, by Mohamed Atalla and Dawon Kahng at Bell Labs, in November 1959. It revolutionized the electronics industry, and became the fundamental building block of the Digital Revolution. The MOSFET went on to become the most widely manufactured device in history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 5], "section_span": [7, 41], "content_span": [42, 465]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068222-0005-0000", "contents": "1950s, Science and technology, Technology\nTelevision, which first reached the marketplace in the 1940s, attained maturity during the 1950s and by the end of the decade, most American households owned a TV set. A rush to produce larger screens than the tiny ones found on 1940s models occurred during 1950\u201352. In 1954, RCA intro Bell Telephone Labs produced the first Solar battery. In 1954, a yard of contact paper could be purchased for only 59 cents. Polypropylene was invented in 1954. In 1955, Jonas Salk invented a polio vaccine which was given to more than seven million American students. In 1956, a solar powered wrist watch was invented.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 5], "section_span": [7, 41], "content_span": [42, 646]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068222-0006-0000", "contents": "1950s, Science and technology, Technology\nA surprise came in 1957: a 184-pound (83\u00a0kg) satellite named Sputnik 1 was launched by the Soviets. The space race began 4 months later as the United States launched a smaller satellite.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 5], "section_span": [7, 41], "content_span": [42, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068222-0007-0000", "contents": "1950s, Popular culture, Music\nPopular music in the early 1950s was essentially a continuation of the crooner sound of the previous decade, with less emphasis on the jazz-influenced big band style and more emphasis on a conservative, operatic, symphonic style of music.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 5], "section_span": [7, 29], "content_span": [30, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068222-0007-0001", "contents": "1950s, Popular culture, Music\nFrank Sinatra, Tony Bennett, Frankie Laine, Patti Page, Judy Garland, Johnnie Ray, Kay Starr, Perry Como, Bing Crosby, Rosemary Clooney, Dean Martin, Georgia Gibbs, Eddie Fisher, Teresa Brewer, Dinah Shore, Kitty Kallen, Joni James, Peggy Lee, Julie London, Toni Arden, June Valli, Doris Day, Arthur Godfrey, Tennessee Ernie Ford, Guy Mitchell, Nat King Cole, and vocal groups like the Mills Brothers, The Ink Spots, The Four Lads, The Four Aces, The Chordettes, The Fontane Sisters, The Hilltoppers and the Ames Brothers. Jo Stafford's \"You Belong To Me\" was the #1 song of 1952 on the Billboard Top 100 chart.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 5], "section_span": [7, 29], "content_span": [30, 641]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068222-0008-0000", "contents": "1950s, Popular culture, Music\nThe middle of the decade saw a change in the popular music landscape as classic pop was swept off the charts by rock-and-roll. Crooners such as Eddie Fisher, Perry Como, and Patti Page, who had dominated the first half of the decade, found their access to the pop charts significantly curtailed by the decade's end. doo-wop entered the pop charts in the 1950s. Its popularity soon spawns the parody \"Who Put the Bomp\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 5], "section_span": [7, 29], "content_span": [30, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068222-0009-0000", "contents": "1950s, Popular culture, Music\nRock-n-roll emerged in the mid-1950s with Sam Cooke, Elvis Presley, Jackie Wilson, Gene Vincent, Chuck Berry, Fats Domino, Little Richard, James Brown, Bo Diddley, Buddy Holly, Bobby Darin, Ritchie Valens, Duane Eddy, Eddie Cochran, Brenda Lee, Bobby Vee, Connie Francis, Johnny Mathis, Neil Sedaka, Pat Boone and Ricky Nelson being notable exponents. In the mid-1950s, Elvis Presley became the leading figure of the newly popular sound of rock and roll with a series of network television appearances and chart-topping records.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 5], "section_span": [7, 29], "content_span": [30, 558]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068222-0009-0001", "contents": "1950s, Popular culture, Music\nChuck Berry, with \"Maybellene\" (1955), \"Roll Over Beethoven\" (1956), \"Rock and Roll Music\" (1957) and \"Johnny B. Goode\" (1958), refined and developed the major elements that made rock and roll distinctive, focusing on teen life and introducing guitar solos and showmanship that would be a major influence on subsequent rock music. Bill Haley, Jerry Lee Lewis, The Everly Brothers, Carl Perkins, Johnny Cash, Conway Twitty, Johnny Horton, and Marty Robbins were Rockabilly musicians. Doo-wop was another popular genre at the time. Popular Doo Wop and Rock-n-Roll bands of the mid to late 1950s include The Platters, The Flamingos, The Dells, The Silhouettes, Frankie Lymon and The Teenagers, Little Anthony and The Imperials, Danny & the Juniors, The Coasters, The Drifters, The Del-Vikings and Dion and the Belmonts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 5], "section_span": [7, 29], "content_span": [30, 846]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068222-0010-0000", "contents": "1950s, Popular culture, Music\nThe new music differed from previous styles in that it was primarily targeted at the teenager market, which became a distinct entity for the first time in the 1950s as growing prosperity meant that young people did not have to grow up as quickly or be expected to support a family. Rock-and-roll proved to be a difficult phenomenon for older Americans to accept and there were widespread accusations of it being a communist-orchestrated scheme to corrupt the youth, although rock and roll was extremely market based and capitalistic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 5], "section_span": [7, 29], "content_span": [30, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068222-0011-0000", "contents": "1950s, Popular culture, Music\nJazz stars in the 1950s who came into prominence in their genres called bebop, hard bop, cool jazz and the blues, at this time included Lester Young, Ben Webster, Charlie Parker, Dizzy Gillespie, Miles Davis, John Coltrane, Thelonious Monk, Charles Mingus, Art Tatum, Bill Evans, Ahmad Jamal, Oscar Peterson, Gil Evans, Jerry Mulligan, Cannonball Adderley, Stan Getz, Chet Baker, Dave Brubeck, Art Blakey, Max Roach, the Miles Davis Quintet, the Modern Jazz Quartet, Ella Fitzgerald, Ray Charles, Sarah Vaughan, Dinah Washington, Nina Simone, and Billie Holiday.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 5], "section_span": [7, 29], "content_span": [30, 592]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068222-0012-0000", "contents": "1950s, Popular culture, Music\nThe American folk music revival became a phenomenon in the United States in the 1950s to mid-1960s with the initial success of The Weavers who popularized the genre. Their sound, and their broad repertoire of traditional folk material and topical songs inspired other groups such as the Kingston Trio, the Chad Mitchell Trio, The New Christy Minstrels, and the \"collegiate folk\" groups such as The Brothers Four, The Four Freshmen, The Four Preps, and The Highwaymen. All featured tight vocal harmonies and a repertoire at least initially rooted in folk music and topical songs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 5], "section_span": [7, 29], "content_span": [30, 608]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068222-0013-0000", "contents": "1950s, Popular culture, Music\nOn 3 February 1959, a chartered plane transporting the three American rock and roll musicians Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valens and J. P. \"The Big Bopper\" Richardson goes down in foggy conditions near Clear Lake, Iowa, killing all four occupants on board, including pilot Roger Peterson. The tragedy is later termed \"The Day the Music Died\", popularized in Don McLean's 1972 song \"American Pie\". This event, combined with the conscription of Elvis Presley into the US Army, is often taken to mark the point where the era of 1950s rock-and-roll ended.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 5], "section_span": [7, 29], "content_span": [30, 574]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068222-0014-0000", "contents": "1950s, Popular culture, Television\nThe 1950s are known as The Golden Age of Television by some people. Sales of TV sets rose tremendously in the 1950s and by 1950 4.4 million families in America had a television set. Americans devoted most of their free time to watching television broadcasts. People spent so much time watching TV, that movie attendance dropped and so did the number of radio listeners. Television revolutionized the way Americans see themselves and the world around them. TV affects all aspects of American culture. \"Television affects what we wear, the music we listen to, what we eat, and the news we receive.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 5], "section_span": [7, 34], "content_span": [35, 631]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068222-0015-0000", "contents": "1950s, Popular culture, Film\nEuropean cinema experienced a renaissance in the 1950s following the deprivations of World War II. Italian director Federico Fellini won the first foreign language film Academy Award with La Strada and garnered another Academy Award with Nights of Cabiria. In 1955, Swedish director Ingmar Bergman earned a Jury Prize at the Cannes Film Festival with Smiles of a Summer Night and followed the film with masterpieces The Seventh Seal and Wild Strawberries. Jean Cocteau's Orph\u00e9e, a film central to his Orphic Trilogy, starred Jean Marais and was released in 1950. French director Claude Chabrol's Le Beau Serge is now widely considered the first film of the French New Wave. Notable European film stars of the period include Brigitte Bardot, Sophia Loren, Marcello Mastroianni, Max von Sydow, and Jean-Paul Belmondo.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 5], "section_span": [7, 28], "content_span": [29, 844]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068222-0016-0000", "contents": "1950s, Popular culture, Film\nJapanese cinema reached its zenith with films from director Akira Kurosawa including Rashomon, Ikiru, Seven Samurai, Throne of Blood, and The Hidden Fortress. Other distinguished Japanese directors of the period were Yasujir\u014d Ozu and Kenji Mizoguchi. Russian fantasy director Aleksandr Ptushko's mythological epics Sadko, Ilya Muromets, and Sampo were internationally acclaimed as was Ballad of a Soldier, a 1959 Soviet film directed by Grigory Chukhray.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 5], "section_span": [7, 28], "content_span": [29, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068222-0017-0000", "contents": "1950s, Popular culture, Film\nIn Hollywood, the epic Ben-Hur grabbed a record 11 Academy Awards in 1959 and its success gave a new lease of life to motion picture studio MGM.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 5], "section_span": [7, 28], "content_span": [29, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068222-0018-0000", "contents": "1950s, Popular culture, Film\nBeginning in 1953, with Shane and The Robe, widescreen motion pictures became the norm.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 5], "section_span": [7, 28], "content_span": [29, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068222-0019-0000", "contents": "1950s, Popular culture, Film\nThe \"Golden Era\" of 3-D cinematography transpired during the 1950s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 5], "section_span": [7, 28], "content_span": [29, 96]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068222-0020-0000", "contents": "1950s, Popular culture, Art movements\nIn the early 1950s Abstract expressionism and artists Jackson Pollock and Willem de Kooning were enormously influential. However, by the late 1950s Color Field painting and Barnett Newman and Mark Rothko's paintings became more in focus to the next generation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 5], "section_span": [7, 37], "content_span": [38, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068222-0021-0000", "contents": "1950s, Popular culture, Art movements\nPop art used the iconography of television, photography, comics, cinema and advertising. With its roots in dadaism, it started to take form towards the end of the 1950s when some European artists started to make the symbols and products of the world of advertising and propaganda the main subject of their artistic work.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 5], "section_span": [7, 37], "content_span": [38, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068222-0021-0001", "contents": "1950s, Popular culture, Art movements\nThis return of figurative art, in opposition to the abstract expressionism that dominated the aesthetic scene since the end of World War II was dominated by Great Britain until the early 1960s when Andy Warhol, the most known artist of this movement began to show Pop Art in galleries in the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 5], "section_span": [7, 37], "content_span": [38, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068222-0022-0000", "contents": "1950s, Popular culture, Fashion\nThe 1950s saw the birth of the teenager and with it rock n roll and youth fashion dominating the fashion industry. In the UK the Teddy boy became both style icons and anti-authoritarian figures. While in America Greasers had a similar social position. Previously teenagers dressed similarly to their parents but now a rebellious and different youth style was being developed. This was particularly noticeable in the overtly sexual nature of their dress. Men wore tight trousers, leather jackets and emphasis was on slicked, greasy hair.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 5], "section_span": [7, 31], "content_span": [32, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068222-0023-0000", "contents": "1950s, Popular culture, Fashion\nNew ideas meant new designers who had a concept of what was fashion. Fashion started gaining a voice and style when Christian Dior created \u201cThe New Look\u201d collection. The 1950s was not only about spending on luxurious brands but also the idea of being comfortable was created. It was a time where resources were available and it was a new type of fashion. Designers were creating collections with different materials such as: taffeta, nylon, rayon, wool and leather that allowed different colors and patterns. People started wearing artificial fibers because it was easier to take care of and it was price effective. It was a time where shopping was part of a lifestyle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 5], "section_span": [7, 31], "content_span": [32, 701]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068222-0024-0000", "contents": "1950s, Popular culture, Fashion\nDifferent designers emerged or made a comeback on the 1950s because as mention before it was a time for fashion and ideas. The most important designers from the time were:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 5], "section_span": [7, 31], "content_span": [32, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068222-0025-0000", "contents": "1950s, Popular culture, Fashion\nChristian Dior: everything started in 1947 after World War II was over. Christian Dior found that there were a lot of resources in the market. He created the famous and inspirational collection named \u201cThe New Look.\u201d This consisted on the idea of creating voluminous dresses that would not only represent wealth but also show power on women. This collection was the first collection to use 80 yards of fabric. He introduced the idea of the hourglass shape for women; wide shoulders, tight waistline and then voluminous full skirts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 5], "section_span": [7, 31], "content_span": [32, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068222-0025-0001", "contents": "1950s, Popular culture, Fashion\nDior was a revolutionary and he was the major influence for the next collections. He is known for always developing new ideas and designs, which led to a rapid expansion and becoming worldwide known. He had pressure to create innovative designs for each collection and Dior did manage to provide that to the consumers. He not only made the hourglass shape very famous but he also developed the H-line as well as the A and Y-Lines. Dior was a very important designer, he changed the way fashion was looked on the world but most importantly he reestablished Paris as a fashion capital.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 5], "section_span": [7, 31], "content_span": [32, 615]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068222-0026-0000", "contents": "1950s, Popular culture, Fashion\nCristobal Balenciaga: Cristobal Balenciaga a Spanish designer who opened his first couture house in 1915. In 1936, he went to Paris in order to avoid the Spanish Civil War, there he had inspiration for his fashion collections. His designs were an inspiration for emerging designers of the time. His legacy is as important as the one from Dior, revolutionaries. He was known for creating sack dresses, heavy volumes and balloon skirts. For him everything started when he worked for Marquesa de Casa Torre who became his patron and main source of inspiration.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 5], "section_span": [7, 31], "content_span": [32, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068222-0026-0001", "contents": "1950s, Popular culture, Fashion\nMarquesa de Casa Torre helped Balenciaga enter the world of couture. His first suit was very dramatic. The suit consisted on cutout and cut-ins the waist over a slim skirt, something not seen before. Balenciaga was a revolutionary designer who was not afraid to cut and let loose because he had everything under control. In the 1950s and 1960s his designs were well known for attention to color and texture. He was creating different silhouettes for women, in 1955 he created the tunic, 1957 the sack dress and 1958 the Empire styles. He was known for moving from tailored designs to shapeless allowing him to show portion and balance on the bodies. Showing that his designs evolved with time and maintained his ideologies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 5], "section_span": [7, 31], "content_span": [32, 755]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068222-0027-0000", "contents": "1950s, Popular culture, Fashion\nCoco Chanel: Her style was well known over the world and her idea of having functional luxurious clothing influenced other designers from the era. Chanel believed that luxurious should come from being comfortable that is why her designers were so unique and different from the time period, she also achieved her looks by adding accessories such as pearl necklaces. Chanel believed that even though Dior designs were revolutionary for the time period they did not managed to represent the women of the time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 5], "section_span": [7, 31], "content_span": [32, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068222-0027-0001", "contents": "1950s, Popular culture, Fashion\nShe believed women had to wear something to represent their survival to another war and their active roles in society. Coming back from a closed house of fashion was not easy for Chanel and competing against younger designers. The Chanel suit was known as a status symbol for wealthy and powerful women. Chanel influenced over the years and her brand is still one of the most influential brands for fashion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 5], "section_span": [7, 31], "content_span": [32, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068222-0028-0000", "contents": "1950s, Popular culture, Sports, FIFA World Cups\nThe 1958 World Cup is notable for marking the debut on the world stage of a then largely unknown 17-year-old Pel\u00e9.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 5], "section_span": [7, 47], "content_span": [48, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068222-0029-0000", "contents": "1950s, See also, Timeline\nThe following articles contain brief timelines which list the most prominent events of the decade:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 5], "section_span": [7, 25], "content_span": [26, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068222-0030-0000", "contents": "1950s, See also, Timeline\n1950 \u2022 1951 \u2022 1952 \u2022 1953 \u2022 1954 \u2022 1955 \u2022 1956 \u2022 1957 \u2022 1958 \u2022 1959", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 5], "section_span": [7, 25], "content_span": [26, 93]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068223-0000-0000", "contents": "1950s American automobile culture\n1950s American automobile culture has had an enduring influence on the culture of the United States, as reflected in popular music, major trends from the 1950s and mainstream acceptance of the \"hot rod\" culture. The American manufacturing economy switched from producing war-related items to consumer goods at the end of World War II, and by the end of the 1950s, one in six working Americans were employed either directly or indirectly in the automotive industry.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 498]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068223-0000-0001", "contents": "1950s American automobile culture\nThe United States became the world's largest manufacturer of automobiles, and Henry Ford's goal of 30 years earlier\u2014that any man with a good job should be able to afford an automobile\u2014was achieved. A new generation of service businesses focusing on customers with their automobiles came into being during the decade, including drive-through or drive-in restaurants and more drive-in theaters (cinemas).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068223-0001-0000", "contents": "1950s American automobile culture\nThe decade began with 25 million registered automobiles on the road, most of which predated World War II and were in poor condition; no automobiles or parts were produced during the war owing to rationing and restrictions. By 1950, most factories had made the transition to a consumer-based economy, and more than 8 million cars were produced that year alone. By 1958, there were more than 67 million cars registered in the United States, more than twice the number at the start of the decade.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068223-0002-0000", "contents": "1950s American automobile culture\nAs part of the U.S. national defenses, to support military transport, the National Highway System was expanded with Interstate highways, beginning in 1955, across many parts of the United States. The wider, multi-lane highways allowed traffic to move at faster speeds, with few or no stoplights on the way. The wide-open spaces along the highways became a basis for numerous billboards showing advertisements.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068223-0003-0000", "contents": "1950s American automobile culture\nThe dawning of the Space Age and Space Race were reflected in contemporary American automotive styling. Large tailfins, flowing designs reminiscent of rockets, and radio antennas that imitated Sputnik 1 were common, owing to the efforts of design pioneers such as Harley Earl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068223-0004-0000", "contents": "1950s American automobile culture, Interstate Highway System\nThe Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways (commonly called the Interstate System or simply the Interstate) is a network of freeways that forms a part of the National Highway System of the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 60], "content_span": [61, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068223-0005-0000", "contents": "1950s American automobile culture, Interstate Highway System\nWhile serving as Supreme Commander of the Allied forces in Europe during World War II, Eisenhower had gained an appreciation of the German Autobahn network as an essential component of a national defense system, providing transport routes for military supplies and troop deployments. Construction was authorized by the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956, and the original portion was completed 35 years later. The system has contributed in shaping the United States into a world economic superpower and a highly industrialized nation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 60], "content_span": [61, 592]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068223-0006-0000", "contents": "1950s American automobile culture, Interstate Highway System\nThe Interstate grew quickly, along with the automobile industry, allowing a new-found mobility that permeated ways of American life and culture. The automobile and the Interstate became the American symbol of individuality and freedom, and, for the first time, automobile buyers accepted that the automobile they drove indicated their social standing and level of affluence. It became a statement of their personality and an extension of their self-concepts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 60], "content_span": [61, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068223-0007-0000", "contents": "1950s American automobile culture, Suburbanization\nThe United States' investment in infrastructures such as highways and bridges coincided with the increasing availability of cars more suited to the higher speeds that better roads made possible, allowing people to live beyond the confines of major cities, and instead commute to and from work.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 50], "content_span": [51, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068223-0008-0000", "contents": "1950s American automobile culture, Suburbanization\nAfter World War II, land developers began to buy land just outside the city limits of larger cities to build mass quantities of inexpensive tract houses. One of the first examples of planned suburbanization is Levittown, Pennsylvania, which was developed by William Levitt beginning in 1951 as a suburb of Philadelphia. The promise of their own single-family home on their own land, together with a free college education and low-interest loans given to returning soldiers to purchase homes under the G.I. Bill, drove demand for new homes to an unprecedented level.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 50], "content_span": [51, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068223-0008-0001", "contents": "1950s American automobile culture, Suburbanization\nAdditionally, 4 million babies were born every year during the 1950s. By the end of the baby boom era in 1964, almost 77 million \"baby boomers\" had been born, fueling the need for more suburban housing, and automobiles to commute them to and from the city centers for work and shopping.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 50], "content_span": [51, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068223-0009-0000", "contents": "1950s American automobile culture, Suburbanization\nBy the end of the 1950s, one-third of Americans lived in the suburbs. Eleven of the United States's twelve largest cities recorded a declining population during the decade, with a consequent loss in tax revenues and city culture. Only Los Angeles, a center for the car culture, gained population. Economist Richard Porter commented that \"The automobile made suburbia possible, and the suburbs made the automobile essential.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 50], "content_span": [51, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068223-0010-0000", "contents": "1950s American automobile culture, Suburbanization, Decline of the inner city\nMore people joined the middle class in the 1950s, with more money to spend, and the availability of consumer goods expanded along with the economy, including the automobile. Americans were spending more time in their automobiles and viewing them as an extension of their identity, which helped to fuel a boom in automobile sales. Most businesses directly or indirectly related to the auto industry saw tremendous growth during the decade.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 77], "content_span": [78, 516]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068223-0010-0001", "contents": "1950s American automobile culture, Suburbanization, Decline of the inner city\nNew designs and innovations appealed to a generation tuned into fashion and glamour, and the new-found freedom and way of life in the suburbs had several unforeseen consequences for the inner cities. The 1950s saw the beginning of white flight and urban sprawl, driven by increasing automobile ownership. Many local and national transportation laws encouraged suburbanization, which in time ended up damaging the cities economically.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 77], "content_span": [78, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068223-0011-0000", "contents": "1950s American automobile culture, Suburbanization, Decline of the inner city\nAs more middle-class and affluent people fled the city to the relative quiet and open spaces of the suburbs, the urban centers deteriorated and lost population. At the same time that cities were experiencing a lower tax base due to the flight of higher income earners, pressures from The New Deal forced them to offer pensions and other benefits, increasing the average cost of benefits per employee by 1,629\u00a0percent. This was in addition to hiring an average of 20\u00a0percent more employees to serve the ever shrinking cities.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 77], "content_span": [78, 602]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068223-0011-0001", "contents": "1950s American automobile culture, Suburbanization, Decline of the inner city\nMore Americans were driving cars and fewer were using public transportation, and it was not practical to extend to the suburbs. At the same time, the number of surface roads exploded to serve the ever-increasing numbers of individually owned cars, further burdening city and country resources. During this time, the perception of using public transportation turned more negative. In what is arguably the most extreme example, Detroit, the fifth largest city in the United States in 1950 with 1,849,568 residents, had shrunk to 706,585 by 2010, a reduction of 62 percent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 77], "content_span": [78, 648]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068223-0012-0000", "contents": "1950s American automobile culture, Suburbanization, Decline of the inner city\nIn some instances, the automotive industry and others were directly responsible for the decline of public transportation. The Great American streetcar scandal saw GM, Firestone Tire, Standard Oil of California, Phillips Petroleum, Mack Trucks and other companies purchase a number of streetcars and electric trains in the 1930s and 1940s, such that 90\u00a0percent of city trolleys had been dismantled by 1950. It was argued that this was a deliberate destruction of streetcars as part of a larger strategy to push the United States into automobile dependency. In United States v. National City Lines, Inc., many were found guilty of antitrust violations. The story has been explored several times in print, film and other media, for example in Who Framed Roger Rabbit, Taken for a Ride and The End of Suburbia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 77], "content_span": [78, 884]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068223-0013-0000", "contents": "1950s American automobile culture, Women's rights\nThe automobile unions played a leading role in advancing the cause of women's rights. In 1955, the United Auto Workers Union (UAW) organized the UAW Women's Department to strengthen women's role in the union and encourage participation in the union's elected bodies. In a move that was met with some hostility by Teamsters leaders, the U.S. Division of Transport Personnel had in 1943 instructed Teamsters Union officials that women should be allowed full employment as truck drivers. That proved to be only a temporary wartime measure, but a change of heart among Teamsters leadership by the mid-1950s led to the Equal Pay Act of 1963. Women in the auto industry were considered leaders in the movement for women's rights.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 49], "content_span": [50, 773]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068223-0014-0000", "contents": "1950s American automobile culture, Motorsports, Hot rodding\nThe increasing popularity of hot rodding cars (modifying them to increase performance) is reflected in part by the creation of special-interest magazines catering to this culture. Hot Rod is the oldest such magazine, with first editor Wally Parks, and founded by Robert E. Petersen in 1948, with original publication by his Petersen Publishing Company. Hot Rod has licensed affiliation with Universal Technical Institute.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 59], "content_span": [60, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068223-0015-0000", "contents": "1950s American automobile culture, Motorsports, Hot rodding\nThe relative abundance and inexpensive nature of the Ford Model T and other cars from the 1920s to 1940s helped fuel the hot rod culture that developed, which was focused on getting the most linear speed out of these older automobiles. The origin of the term \"hot rod\" is unclear, but the culture blossomed in the post-war culture of the 1950s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 59], "content_span": [60, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068223-0016-0000", "contents": "1950s American automobile culture, Motorsports, Hot rodding\nHot Rod magazine's November 1950 cover announced the first hot rod to exceed 200\u00a0mph. The hand-crafted car used an Edelbrock-built Mercury flathead V8 and set the record at the Bonneville Salt Flats. This 30,000-acre (47\u00a0sq\u00a0mi) region has been called the \"Holy Grail of American Hot Rodding\", and is often used for land speed racing, a tradition that grew rapidly in the 1950s and continues today.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 59], "content_span": [60, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068223-0017-0000", "contents": "1950s American automobile culture, Motorsports, Hot rodding\nHot rodding was about more than raw power. Kustom Kulture started in the 1950s, when artists such as Von Dutch transformed automobile pin striping from a seldom-used accent that followed the lines of the car into a freestyle art form. Von Dutch was as famous for his \"flying eyeball\" as he was for his intricate spider-web designs. As the decade began, hand-drawn pin striping was almost unheard of, but by 1958 it had become a popular method of customizing the looks of the hot rod. As the decade progressed, hot rodding became a popular hobby for a growing number of teenagers as the sport literally came to Main Street.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 59], "content_span": [60, 682]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068223-0018-0000", "contents": "1950s American automobile culture, Motorsports, Drag racing\nDrag racing has existed since the first cars, but it was not until the 1950s that it started to become mainstream, beginning with Santa Ana Drags, the first drag strip in the United States. The strip was founded by C. J. \"Pappy\" Hart, Creighton Hunter and Frank Stillwell at the Orange County Airport auxiliary runway in southern California, and was operational from 1950 until June 21, 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 59], "content_span": [60, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068223-0019-0000", "contents": "1950s American automobile culture, Motorsports, Drag racing\nHot Rod editor Wally Parks created the National Hot Rod Association in 1951, and it is still the largest governing body in the popular sport. As of October\u00a02012, there are at least 139 professional drag strips operational in the United States. One of the most powerful racing fuels ever developed is nitromethane, which dramatically debuted as a racing fuel in 1950, and continues as the primary component used in Top Fuel drag racing today.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 59], "content_span": [60, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068223-0020-0000", "contents": "1950s American automobile culture, Motorsports, NASCAR\nThe National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing (NASCAR) is the second most popular spectator sports in the United States behind the National Football League (NFL). It was incorporated on February 21, 1948, by Bill France, Sr. and built its roots in the 1950s. Two years later in 1950 the first asphalt \"superspeedway\", Darlington Speedway, was opened in South Carolina, and the sport saw dramatic growth during the 1950s. Because of the tremendous success of Darlington, construction began of a 2+1\u20442-mile (4.0\u00a0km), high-banked superspeedway near Daytona Beach, which is still in use.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 54], "content_span": [55, 643]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068223-0021-0000", "contents": "1950s American automobile culture, Motorsports, NASCAR\nThe Cup Series was started in 1949, with Jim Roper winning the first series. By 2008, the most prestigious race in the series, the Daytona 500 had attracted more than 17 million television viewers. Dynasties were born in the 1950s with racers like Lee Petty (father of Richard Petty, grandfather of Kyle Petty) and Buck Baker (father of Buddy Baker).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 54], "content_span": [55, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068223-0022-0000", "contents": "1950s American automobile culture, Motorsports, NASCAR\nNASCAR, and stock car racing in general, has its roots in bootlegging during Prohibition. Junior Johnson was one of many bootleggers who took part in the sport during the 1950s, equally well known for his arrest in 1955 for operating his father's moonshine still as he is for his racing success. He ended up spending a year in an Ohio prison, but soon returned to the sport before retiring as a driver in 1966.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 54], "content_span": [55, 465]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068223-0023-0000", "contents": "1950s American automobile culture, New business models, Faster food\nAs more Americans began driving cars, entirely new categories of businesses came into being to allow them to enjoy their products and services without having to leave their cars. This includes the drive-in restaurant, and later the drive-through window. Even into the 2010s, the Sonic Drive-In restaurant chain has provided primarily drive-in service by carhop in 3,561 restaurants within 43 U.S. states, serving approximately 3 million customers per day. Known for its use of carhops on roller skates, the company annually hosts a competition to determine the top skating carhop in its system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 67], "content_span": [68, 662]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068223-0024-0000", "contents": "1950s American automobile culture, New business models, Faster food\nA number of other successful \"drive up\" businesses have their roots in the 1950s, including McDonald's (expanded c. 1955), which had no dine-in facilities, requiring customers to park and walk up to the window, taking their order \"to go\". Automation and the lack of dining facilities allowed McDonald's to sell burgers for 15 cents each, instead of the typical 35 cents, and people were buying them by the bagful.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 67], "content_span": [68, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068223-0024-0001", "contents": "1950s American automobile culture, New business models, Faster food\nBy 1948, they had fired their carhops, installed larger grills, reduced their menu and radically changed the industry by introducing assembly-line methods of food production, similar to the auto industry, dubbing it the \"Speedee Service System\". They redesigned their sign specifically to make it easier to see from the road, creating the now familiar yellow double-arch structure. Businessman Ray Kroc joined McDonald's as a franchise agent in 1955. He subsequently purchased the chain from the McDonald brothers and oversaw its worldwide growth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 67], "content_span": [68, 615]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068223-0025-0000", "contents": "1950s American automobile culture, New business models, Faster food\nOther chains were created to serve the increasingly mobile patron. Carl Karcher opened his first Carl's Jr. in 1956, and rapidly expanded, locating his restaurants near California's new freeway off-ramps. These restaurant models initially relied on the new and ubiquitous ownership of automobiles, and the willingness of patrons to dine in their automobiles. As of 2013, drive-through service account for 65\u00a0percent of their profits.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 67], "content_span": [68, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068223-0026-0000", "contents": "1950s American automobile culture, New business models, Drive-in movies\nThe drive-in theater is a form of cinema structure consisting of a large outdoor movie screen, a projection booth, a concession stand and a large parking area for automobiles, where patrons view the movie from the comfort of their cars and listen via an electric speaker placed at each parking spot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 71], "content_span": [72, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068223-0027-0000", "contents": "1950s American automobile culture, New business models, Drive-in movies\nAlthough drive-in movies first appeared in 1933, it was not until well after the post-war era that they became popular, enjoying their greatest success in the 1950s, reaching a peak of more than 4,000 theaters in the United States alone. Drive-in theaters have been romanticized in popular culture with the movie American Graffiti and Grease and the television series Happy Days. They developed a reputation for showing B movies, typically monster or horror films, and as \"passion pits\", a place for teenagers to make out.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 71], "content_span": [72, 594]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068223-0027-0001", "contents": "1950s American automobile culture, New business models, Drive-in movies\nWhile drive-in theaters are rarer today with only 366 remaining and no longer unique to America, they are still associated as part of the 1950s' American car culture. By the beginning of 2020, the number of fully operational drive-ins has dropped to 20. Drive-in movies have seen somewhat of a resurgence in popularity in the 21st century, due in part to baby boomer nostalgia, as well as some increased interest during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, which forced conventional movie theaters to close..", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 71], "content_span": [72, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068223-0028-0000", "contents": "1950s American automobile culture, New business models, Drive-in movies\nRobert Schuller started the nation's first drive-in church in 1955 in Garden Grove, California. After his regular 9:30\u00a0am service in the chapel four miles (6\u00a0km) away, he would travel to the drive-in for a second Sunday service. Worshipers listened to his sermon from the comfort of their cars, using the movie theater's speaker boxes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 71], "content_span": [72, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068223-0029-0000", "contents": "1950s American automobile culture, New business models, Malls\nThe first modern shopping malls were built in the 1950s, such as Bergen Mall, which was the first to use the term \"mall\" to describe the business model. Other early malls moved retailing away from the dense, commercial downtowns into the largely residential suburbs. Northgate in Seattle is credited as being the first modern mall design, with two rows of businesses facing each other and a walkway separating them. It opened in 1950. Shopper's World in Framingham, Massachusetts, was the first two-story mall, and opened in 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 61], "content_span": [62, 592]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068223-0029-0001", "contents": "1950s American automobile culture, New business models, Malls\nThe design was modified again in 1954 when Northland Center in Detroit, Michigan, used a centralized design with an anchor store in the middle of the mall, ringed by other stores. This was the first mall to have the parking lot completely surrounding the shopping center, and to provide central heat and air-conditioning.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 61], "content_span": [62, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068223-0030-0000", "contents": "1950s American automobile culture, New business models, Malls\nIn 1956, Southdale Center opened in Edina, Minnesota. It was the first to combine these modern elements; enclosed with a two-story design, central heat and air-conditioning plus a comfortable common area. It featured two large department stores as anchors. Most industry professionals consider Southdale Center to be the first modern regional mall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 61], "content_span": [62, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068223-0031-0000", "contents": "1950s American automobile culture, New business models, Malls\nThis formula (enclosed space with stores attached, away from downtown and accessible only by automobile) became a popular way to build retail across the world. Victor Gruen, one of the pioneers in mall design, came to abhor this effect of his new design. He decried the creation of enormous \"land wasting seas of parking\" and the spread of suburban sprawl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 61], "content_span": [62, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068223-0032-0000", "contents": "1950s American automobile culture, New business models, Aftermarket auto parts\nThe 1950s jump started an industry of aftermarket add-ons for cars that continues today. The oldest aftermarket wheel company, American Racing, started in 1956 and still builds \"mag wheels\" (alloy wheels) for almost every car made. Holley introduced the first modular four-barrel carburetor, which Ford offered in the 1957 Ford Thunderbird, and versions are still used by performance enthusiasts. Edelbrock started during the Great Depression and expanded after the war. They provided a variety of high performance parts for the new hot rodders, which was popular equipment for setting speed records at Bonneville Salt Flats. Owners were no longer restricted to the original equipment provided by manufacturers, helping not only create the hot rod culture but also the foundation for cosmetic modifications. The creation and rapid expansion of the aftermarket made it possible for enthusiasts to personalize their automobiles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 78], "content_span": [79, 1005]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068223-0033-0000", "contents": "1950s American automobile culture, New business models, Distribution\nMost new cars were sold through automobile dealerships in the 1950s, but Crosley automobiles were still on sale at any number of appliance or department stores, and Allstate (a rebadged Henry J) could be ordered at any Sears and Roebuck in 1952 and 1953. By mid-decade, these outlets had vanished and the automobile dealer became the sole source of new automobiles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 68], "content_span": [69, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068223-0034-0000", "contents": "1950s American automobile culture, New business models, Distribution\nStarting in the mid-1950s, new car introductions in the fall once again became an anticipated event, as all dealers would reveal the models for the upcoming year each October. In this era before the popularization of computerization, the primary source of information on new models was the dealer. The idea was originally suggested in the 1930s by President Franklin D. Roosevelt during the Great Depression, as a way of stimulating the economy by creating demand. The idea was reintroduced by President Dwight Eisenhower for the same reasons, and this method of introducing next year's models in the preceding autumn lasted well into the 1990s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 68], "content_span": [69, 714]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068223-0035-0000", "contents": "1950s American automobile culture, New business models, Distribution\nDuring the decade, many smaller manufacturers could not compete with the Big Three and either went out of business or merged. In 1954, American Motors was formed when Hudson merged with Nash-Kelvinator Corporation in a deal worth almost $200 million, the largest corporate merger in United States history at that time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 68], "content_span": [69, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068223-0036-0000", "contents": "1950s American automobile culture, New business models, Muscle cars\nThe muscle-car era is deeply rooted in the 1950s, although there is some debate as to the exact beginning. The 1949 Oldsmobile Rocket 88, created in response to public interest in speed and power, is often cited as the first muscle car. It featured America's first high-compression overhead valve V8 in the smaller, lighter Oldsmobile 76/Chevy body for six-cylinder engines (as opposed to bigger Olds 98 luxury body).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 67], "content_span": [68, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068223-0036-0001", "contents": "1950s American automobile culture, New business models, Muscle cars\nOld Cars Weekly claims it started with the introduction of the original Chrysler \"Firepower\" hemi V8 engine in 1951, while others such as Hot Rod magazine consider the first overhead valve engine by Chevrolet, the 265 cid V8, as the \"heir apparent to Ford flathead's position as the staple of racing\", in 1955. The \"small block Chevy\" itself developed its own subculture that exists today. Other contenders include the 1949 Oldsmobile V8 engine, the first in a long line of such powerful V8 engines, as well as the Cadillac V8 of the same year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 67], "content_span": [68, 612]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068223-0037-0000", "contents": "1950s American automobile culture, New business models, Muscle cars\nRegardless how it is credited, the horsepower race centered around the V8 engine and the muscle-car era lasted until new smog regulations forced dramatic changes in OEM engine design in the early 1970s. This in turn opened up new opportunities for aftermarket manufacturers like Edelbrock. Each year brought larger engines and/or increases in horsepower, providing a catalyst for customers to upgrade to newer models.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 67], "content_span": [68, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068223-0037-0001", "contents": "1950s American automobile culture, New business models, Muscle cars\nAutomobile executives also deliberately updated the body designs yearly, in the name of \"planned obsolescence\" and added newly developed or improved features such as automatic transmissions, power steering, power brakes and cruise control, in an effort to make the previous models seem outdated and facilitate the long drive from the suburbs. Record sales made the decade arguably the \"golden era\" of automobile manufacturing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 67], "content_span": [68, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068223-0038-0000", "contents": "1950s American automobile culture, New business models, Muscle cars\nHarley Earl and Bill France Sr. popularized the saying \"Race on Sunday, sell on Monday\", a mantra still heard today in motorsports, particularly within NASCAR. During the muscle-car era, manufacturers not only sponsored the drivers, but designed stock cars specifically to compete in the fast-growing and highly popular sport.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 67], "content_span": [68, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068223-0039-0000", "contents": "1950s American automobile culture, Songs celebrating the automobile\nAs the automobile became more and more an extension of the individual, it was natural for this to be reflected in popular culture. America's love affair with the automobile was most evident in the music of the era.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 67], "content_span": [68, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068223-0040-0000", "contents": "1950s American automobile culture, Songs celebrating the automobile\nOther songs recorded during the decade also reflect the automobile's place in American culture, such as \"Brand New Cadillac\", Sonny Burgess's \"Thunderbird\" and Bo Diddley's \"Cadillac\". A 1955 Oldsmobile was celebrated in the nostalgic \"Ol' '55\" by Tom Waits (1973).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 67], "content_span": [68, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068224-0000-0000", "contents": "1950s Australian region cyclone seasons\nThe following is a list of all reported tropical cyclones within the Australian region between 90\u00b0E and 160\u00b0E in the 1950s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068225-0000-0000", "contents": "1950s House\nThe 1950s House was a hands-on exhibit building at Shelburne Museum in Shelburne, Vermont. The exhibit was designed to allow museum visitors to experience everyday life in 1950s Vermont.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [11, 11], "content_span": [12, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068225-0001-0000", "contents": "1950s House\nThe house, which opened at the Shelburne Museum in 2000, brought to life the transformative history of America during the mid-20th century when a vibrant consumer culture developed after World War II. Having been built in the 1940s, it was outfitted in late-1940s design and decoration. The furnishings and decor highlighted the industrial boom of the late 1940s and early 1950s. Packed with the era's fashionable furniture, books, toys, food, and magazines, the 1950s House provided a window into mid-century visual culture.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [11, 11], "content_span": [12, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068225-0002-0000", "contents": "1950s House, History\nShelburne residents Frank and Helen LaFlam built the 1950s House on land purchased in 1948 from the subdivision of a 200-acre (0.81\u00a0km2) farm. In 1950 Vermont had abundant land and natural resources, and the town of Shelburne, which did not institute zoning until 1957, encouraged new home building.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 20], "content_span": [21, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068225-0003-0000", "contents": "1950s House, History\nIn designing their house, the LaFlams incorporated state-of-the-art amenities such as central heating, public water, and modern bathroom and kitchen appliances, including a refrigerator and built-in cabinets. The burgeoning industry of the late 1940s enabled the LaFlams to purchase a ready-cut house (see prefabricated home) modeled from architectural plans and specifications that was inexpensive and easily shipped to the building site. The one-story design, attached garage, plain overhanging eaves, and simple white clapboard siding represent the hallmarks of mid-century house design.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 20], "content_span": [21, 611]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068225-0003-0001", "contents": "1950s House, History\nThe LaFlams detailed the windows and doors with broad, stained wood trim, which is the kind of simple detailing available in a lumber-rich place like Vermont. The house, which is neither a traditional Cape nor a typical ranch, has characteristics of do-it-yourself construction, with an engagingly awkward mix-and-match of new and old, typical and idiosyncratic, details. In the summer of 2000, the house was opened to the public as a temporary exhibition entitled \"The Fabulous 50's: Welcome Home to Postwar Vermont\". In 2002, the exhibition was extended through 2005.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 20], "content_span": [21, 590]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068225-0004-0000", "contents": "1950s House, History\nAs of May 4, 2012, the 1950s house was torn down to make way for the Pizagalli center for art and education.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 20], "content_span": [21, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068226-0000-0000", "contents": "1950s North Indian Ocean cyclone seasons\nThe years between 1950 and 1959 featured the 1950s North Indian Ocean cyclone seasons. Each season was an ongoing event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation. The North Indian tropical cyclone season has no bounds, but they tend to form between April and December, peaks in May and November. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northern Indian Ocean. Below are the most significant cyclones in the time period.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068226-0000-0001", "contents": "1950s North Indian Ocean cyclone seasons\nBecause much of the North Indian coastline is near sea level and prone to flooding, these cyclones can easily kill many with storm surge and flooding. These cyclones are among the deadliest on earth in terms of numbers killed. In this decade, only one RSMC watched over the basin at the time, India Meteorological Department (IMD) until 1959, when Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) was formed and it would release unofficial advisories for the basin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 493]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068226-0001-0000", "contents": "1950s North Indian Ocean cyclone seasons, 1956 season, June 1956 India cyclone\nThis cyclone brought torrential rainfall to Midnapore district in West Bengal. About 20,000\u00a0people were left homeless, while another 20,000\u00a0people were left stranded near the Assam border after the Haora River topped its banks. There was an estimated 480\u00a0fatalities, most caused by landslides.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 78], "content_span": [79, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068226-0002-0000", "contents": "1950s North Indian Ocean cyclone seasons, 1957 season, December 1957 cyclone\nA cyclone developed over the Arabian Sea near the Gulf of Oman on December 27. Moving westward, the storm lashed Bahrain with winds of 110\u00a0mph (180\u00a0km/h). An offshore oil rig collapsed, killing 20\u00a0Royal Dutch Shell employees.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 76], "content_span": [77, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068226-0003-0000", "contents": "1950s North Indian Ocean cyclone seasons, 1959 season, May 1959 Salalah cyclone\nThis system first became a low-pressure area near the Laccadive Islands on May 19, tracking northwest towards the Arabian peninsula. The system made landfall at Raysut on May 24. At Salalah, skies clouded over on May 23 as the pressure fell significantly. Winds turned northerly before midnight that night. At 1 a.m. on May 24 the peak of the storm's winds arrived. Maximum sustained winds were estimated at 70 knots (130\u00a0km/h) and the pressure at Salalaha fell to 968 millibars (28.6\u00a0inHg). Many vessels offshore, including two large passenger ships, went to pieces. Five buildings collapsed and several roofs were blown away by the cyclone. Salalah recorded 82 millimetres (3.2\u00a0in) of rain at their airport. A total of 141\u00a0lives from the ship Samha were taken during this tempest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 79], "content_span": [80, 862]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068227-0000-0000", "contents": "1950s South Pacific cyclone seasons\nThe following is a list of all reported tropical cyclones within the South Pacific Ocean to the east of 160\u00b0E during the 1950s decade.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068228-0000-0000", "contents": "1950s South-West Indian Ocean cyclone seasons\nThe following is a list of South-West Indian Ocean tropical cyclones in the 1950s decade, before the 1959\u201360 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068228-0001-0000", "contents": "1950s South-West Indian Ocean cyclone seasons, Storms, February 1950 Mozambique Channel cyclone\nA cyclone was first observed northeast of Madagascar on February\u00a09. The storm moved west-southwestward, crossing northern Madagascar on February\u00a013. The storm moved across the Mozambique Channel and struck eastern Mozambique on February\u00a015. The circulation moved across much of Africa, eventually reaching northern Namibia (then known as South-West Africa).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 95], "content_span": [96, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068228-0002-0000", "contents": "1950s South-West Indian Ocean cyclone seasons, Storms, April 1952 Tanzania cyclone\nOn April\u00a013, 1952, a tropical cyclone was first observed north of the Comoros. The cyclone moved west-southwestward toward the coast of Africa at a low latitude. On April\u00a015, the ship M.V. Tayari encountered the eye of the cyclone and observed a minimum pressure of 958\u00a0mbar (28.3\u00a0inHg). Later that day, the cyclone moved ashore southeastern Tanzania near Lindi, where maximum sustained winds were estimated at 180\u00a0km/h (110\u00a0mph); this made the cyclone the strongest on record to strike the country. The storm weakened over land and turned southwestward, moving into northern Mozambique. The cyclone left 34\u00a0fatalities in Tanzania. The HMEAS Rosalind assisted in delivering food, equipment, and soldiers to the region around Lindi.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 82], "content_span": [83, 814]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068228-0003-0000", "contents": "1950s South-West Indian Ocean cyclone seasons, Storms, January 1953\nA tropical cyclone originated northeast of the northern tip of Madagascar on January\u00a08. It moved southwest at first before curving west, passing the outer islands of the Seychelles. The storm curved to the south and struck Mayotte, causing heavy damage in the capital city Dzaoudzi. Turning to the southeast, the cyclone moved ashore northwestern Madagascar near Mahajanga on January\u00a013, where damage totaled over MF2\u00a0million (US$1\u00a0million) after three housing quarters were destroyed. Throughout Madagascar, 12\u00a0people died related to the cyclone. The storm continued southeastward after moving ashore and later turned back to the southwest, dissipating on January\u00a019.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 67], "content_span": [68, 736]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068228-0004-0000", "contents": "1950s South-West Indian Ocean cyclone seasons, Storms, Cyclone Astrid\nLasting from December 1957 until early in January 1958, Cyclone Astrid struck Mozambique and later produced torrential rainfall in northern South Africa, reaching over 500\u00a0mm (20\u00a0in).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 69], "content_span": [70, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068229-0000-0000", "contents": "1950s Texas drought\nThe 1950s Texas drought was a period between 1949 and 1957 in which the state received 30 to 50% less rain than normal, while temperatures rose above average. During this time, Texans experienced the second-, third-, and eighth-driest single years ever in the state \u2013 1956, 1954, and 1951, respectively. The drought was described by a state water official as \"the most costly and one of the most devastating droughts in 600 years.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068229-0001-0000", "contents": "1950s Texas drought, Effects\nThe drought began gradually, and some sources claim it began as early as 1947, starting with a  decrease in rainfall in Central Texas. By the summer of 1951, the entire state was in drought. Texas ranchers attempted to evade the effects of the drought by moving their cattle north to Kansas, but the drought spread to Kansas and Oklahoma by 1953. At that point, 75% of Texas recorded below-normal rainfall amounts, and over half the state was more than 30 inches below normal rainfall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 28], "content_span": [29, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068229-0001-0001", "contents": "1950s Texas drought, Effects\nBy 1954, the drought had affected a 10-state area reaching from the Midwest to the Great Plains, and southward into New Mexico and the Deep South, where Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia and South Carolina all experienced their driest calendar year since reliable records began. By the end of the decade, half of the farming industry in Texas was gone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 28], "content_span": [29, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068229-0002-0000", "contents": "1950s Texas drought, Effects, Economy\nAs a result of the devastating drought of the 1950s, the number of Texas farms and ranches shrank from 345,000 to 247,000, and the state's rural population declined from more than a third of the population to a quarter. Ranchers and farmers were hit the hardest by the dual threat of water scarcity and the increasing price of feed. The combined income of Texas farmers fell by one-fifth from the previous year, and the price of low-grade beef cattle dropped from 15 to 5 cents a pound. In 1940, 29% of employed Texans worked on a farm. That number fell to 12% in 1960. Crop yields in some areas dropped as much as 50%. Economic losses from 1950 to 1957 were estimated at $22 billion in 2011 dollars.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 37], "content_span": [38, 738]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068229-0003-0000", "contents": "1950s Texas drought, Effects, Economy\nTowns suffered from the drought, as well, though it was different from the struggles of farmers. Across Texas, at least 1000 communities enforced some type of water restrictions. Some towns went completely dry and had to transport water in by truck or rail. The city of Dallas' reservoirs ran so low that water had to be pumped from the Red River, whose high salt content caused further trouble by damaging water pipes and plants.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 37], "content_span": [38, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068229-0003-0001", "contents": "1950s Texas drought, Effects, Economy\nCorsicana experienced 82 days of temperatures over 100\u00a0\u00b0F or 37.8\u00a0\u00b0C, peaking at 113\u00a0\u00b0F or 45\u00a0\u00b0C. West Texas was hit especially hard by the drought, particularly the city of San Angelo, where President Dwight D. Eisenhower visited in 1957 to assess the effects of the drought just before it ended.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 37], "content_span": [38, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068229-0004-0000", "contents": "1950s Texas drought, Effects, Economy\nFreeport, Texas, one of the last cities to get its drinking water from the Brazos River before the river reached the sea, opened the first desalination plant in the United States in 1961 with the hope of bringing water security to the region. The first of five plants to test different technologies, Walter L. Badger's Freeport plant used evaporation to separate water from salt, chlorine and other solids. It was applauded by  President John F. Kennedy as \"more important than any other scientific enterprise in which this country is now engaged.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 37], "content_span": [38, 586]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068229-0005-0000", "contents": "1950s Texas drought, Effects, Environment\nThe severe drought also had a lasting effect on the Texas environment. Without new grass growth, cattlemen overgrazed their pastures, which damaged the land and made it more susceptible to mesquite and juniper (\"cedar\") intrusion. Poor soil conservation practices left the topsoil vulnerable, and when the drought began, strong winds swept the soil and dust into the sky. This led to persistent dust storms that rivaled those during the Dust Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 41], "content_span": [42, 489]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068229-0006-0000", "contents": "1950s Texas drought, Government intervention\nThe situation became so dire that the US government began distributing emergency feed supplies to desperate farmers. Some farmers resorted to feeding their animals prickly pear or molasses to keep them alive. In 1956, The New York Times reported that more than 100,000 Texans were receiving surplus \"federal food commodities.\" By the time the drought subsided in 1957, 244 of the 254 counties in Texas were declared federal drought disaster areas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 44], "content_span": [45, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068229-0007-0000", "contents": "1950s Texas drought, Government intervention\nOn January 13, 1957, President Eisenhower and Agriculture Secretary Ezra Taft Benson visited San Angelo as part of a six-state inspection tour of the drought. There, he made a speech to the people that his administration would do whatever they could to alleviate the hardship of the drought.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 44], "content_span": [45, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068229-0008-0000", "contents": "1950s Texas drought, Rain returns\nShortly after the president's visit, rain finally came. Intermittent January rains gave way to downpours in February, which continued through the spring and summer seasons. April 24, 1957 had a storm bring 10 inches of rain on a large portion of Texas within a few hours, accompanied by destructive hail and multiple tornadoes. The rain continued for 32 days, and the floods killed 22 people and forced thousands from their homes. Every major river in Texas flooded, washing out bridges and sweeping away houses. Damages were estimated at $120 million, which still paled in comparison to the damage caused by the drought itself.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 662]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068229-0009-0000", "contents": "1950s Texas drought, Prevention\nIn the hope of preventing such a crisis from happening again, the state developed drought contingency plans, expanded the state's water storage and sought new sources of groundwater. The state created the Texas Water Development Board in 1957, which set into motion a number of water-conservation plans. An amendment to the Texas constitution in 1957 authorized the issuance of $200 million in loans to municipalities for conservation and development of water resources. The number of Texas reservoirs more than doubled by 1970, and by 1980, more than 126 major reservoirs had been constructed. State and federal departments of agriculture set up safeguard programs to help farmers handle future severe droughts, including low-interest emergency loans and emergency access to hay and grazing land.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 31], "content_span": [32, 829]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068229-0010-0000", "contents": "1950s Texas drought, Prevention\nThe state began a number of efforts to increase water supply, building dams, forming lakes, and tapping into underground sources of water. From 1947 to 1957, groundwater use increased fivefold. As the drought spurred farmers to find more water sources, cheaper pumps were made available. From 1957 to 1970, workers built 69 dams, including Longhorn Dam on the Colorado River, which formed Lady Bird Lake in Austin in 1960. Today, Texas has more surface areas of lake than any state except Minnesota.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 31], "content_span": [32, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068229-0011-0000", "contents": "1950s Texas drought, Prevention\nThe 1950s drought remains to be a model for water-conservation plans in the present day, with Texas water authorities using the effects of the drought's severity to create water plans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 31], "content_span": [32, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068229-0012-0000", "contents": "1950s Texas drought, Popular culture\nThe 1950s Texas drought has been written about by a number of Texans who experienced it, including Elmer Kelton, renowned Western novelist and agricultural journalist, whose novel The Time It Never Rained is still regarded as the best account of the period.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 36], "content_span": [37, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068229-0013-0000", "contents": "1950s Texas drought, Popular culture\nThe 1989-93 TV science fiction show, Quantum Leap, in its episode \"A Single Drop of Rain - September 7, 1953\" is set during the Texas drought of 1953. The show's protagonist, Dr. Sam Beckett (Scott Bakula) leaps into the body of a rainmaker in the con man's hometown. The area is desperate for rain as the crops fail and the cattle die.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 36], "content_span": [37, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068230-0000-0000", "contents": "1950s in Angola\nAngola in the 1950s transitioned from colonial to provincial status. Angola had the status of a Portuguese colony from 1655 until the Assembly of the Republic passed a law on June 11, 1951, giving all Portuguese colonies provincial status, effective on October 20, 1951. Separatist political organizations advocating Angolan independence formed in the 1950s despite strong resistance from the Portuguese government, leading to the Angolan War of Independence (1961\u20131975).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068230-0001-0000", "contents": "1950s in Angola, Politics\nViriato da Cruz and others formed the Movement of Young Intellectuals, an organization that promoted Angolan culture, in 1948. Nationalists sent a letter to the United Nations calling for Angola to be given protectorate status under UN supervision. In 1953 Angolan nationalists founded the Party of the United Struggle for Africans in Angola (PLUA), the first political party to advocate Angolan independence from Portugal. Two years later M\u00e1rio Pinto de Andrade and his brother Joaquim formed the Angolan Communist Party (PCA). In December 1956 PLUA merged with the PCA to form the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA). The MPLA, led by da Cruz, M\u00e1rio Andrade, Ilidio Machado, and L\u00facio Lara, derived support from the Ambundu and in Luanda.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 25], "content_span": [26, 783]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068230-0002-0000", "contents": "1950s in Angola, Politics\nCongolese-Angolan nationalists formed the Union of Peoples of Northern Angola, which advocated the independence of the traditional Kingdom of Kongo, in 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 25], "content_span": [26, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068230-0003-0000", "contents": "1950s in Angola, Politics\nPortuguese police arrested Agostinho Neto of the MPLA and future President of Angola (1975\u20131979), in 1952 and again in 1955 for his involvement in the Portuguese Communist Party. He returned to Angola in 1959 and police arrested him again in 1960. Portuguese authorities arrested over 100 MPLA members in 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 25], "content_span": [26, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068230-0004-0000", "contents": "1950s in Angola, Economy\nThe Portuguese discovered petroleum in Angola in 1955. Production began in the Cuanza basin in the 1950s, in the Congo basin in the 1960s, and in the exclave of Cabinda in 1968. The Belgian company Fina (today - 2007\u2014a part of Total) was the first to be given a concession. The Portuguese colonial government granted operating rights for Block Zero to the Cabinda Gulf Oil Company (CABGOC), a subsidiary of the U.S. company Gulf Oil, now merged into ChevronTexaco, in 1955. The rate of Angola's economic expansion grew in the 1950s, but boomed in the 1960s as industries grew by an annual average rate of 17%. Today the petroleum industry is the engine of the Angolan economy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 24], "content_span": [25, 701]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068230-0005-0000", "contents": "1950s in Angola, Economy\nAfter World War II, the Portuguese government encouraged citizens to move to Angola to compensate for unemployment. The white population in Angola increased from 79,000 in 1950 to 173,000 in 1960, with 55,000 living in Luanda alone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 24], "content_span": [25, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068230-0006-0000", "contents": "1950s in Angola, Establishments\nColonial authorities established the Institute of Angola at Luanda in 1952, the Garcia de Orta journal in 1953, Center of Historical Studies Overseas in 1955, the Center of Political and Social Studies in 1956, the Center of Scientific Records Overseas in 1957, and the Center of Missionary Studies in 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 31], "content_span": [32, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068231-0000-0000", "contents": "1950s in Ghana\n1950s in Ghana details events of note that happened in Ghana in the years 1950 to 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068231-0001-0000", "contents": "1950s in Ghana, National holidays\nIn addition, several other places observe local holidays, such as the founding of their towns. These are also \"special days.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 33], "content_span": [34, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068232-0000-0000", "contents": "1950s in Hong Kong\nThe 1950s in Hong Kong began against the chaotic backdrop of the resumption of British sovereignty after the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong ended in 1945, and the renewal of the Nationalist-Communist Civil War in mainland China. It prompted a large influx of refugees from the mainland, causing a huge population surge: from 1945 to 1951, the population grew from 600,000 to 2.1 million. The government struggled to accommodate these immigrants. Unrest in China also prompted businesses to relocate their assets and capital from Shanghai to Hong Kong. Together with the cheap labour of the immigrants, the seeds of Hong Kong's economic miracle in the second half of the 20th century were sown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 714]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068232-0001-0000", "contents": "1950s in Hong Kong, Background\nAs the Communists drew near to a victory in early 1949, there were fears that Hong Kong was going to be invaded by the Communists. The British Government was determined to keep Hong Kong as a capitalist outpost within a communist sphere of influence, though the memories of the Berlin Blockade and the perceived antagonism of communist governments was still fresh in their mind. The garrison was reinforced and plans of emergency evacuation to Australia were made. However, the People's Liberation Army were ordered to stop advancing at the border and Hong Kong remained a British colony.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 30], "content_span": [31, 619]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068232-0002-0000", "contents": "1950s in Hong Kong, Background\nHong Kong was a valuable trade centre at the mouth of China and hoped that by retaining this connection doing business with the new government in Peking would be easier. To give up Hong Kong to the Communists without a fight would be seen as a national weakness in the face of the growing communist threat in Europe and Asia, especially the Emergency in Malaya.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 30], "content_span": [31, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068232-0002-0001", "contents": "1950s in Hong Kong, Background\nDebates did take place during the 1950s at the British Parliament in Westminster in which it was discussed that Hong Kong would have to be handed back to China if the colony's entrep\u00f4t trade could not be maintained. The people were outraged at any suggestion of this, so the Government of Hong Kong became committed to turning Hong Kong into a manufacturing centre.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 30], "content_span": [31, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068232-0003-0000", "contents": "1950s in Hong Kong, Demographics, Population\nThe 1950s began with a large number of impoverished people without jobs and natural resources. The problem was further compounded with a flood of refugees from mainland China who were able to cross due to the lack of border controls until June 1951. The People's Republic of China was established in 1949 under a reorganised Communist Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 44], "content_span": [45, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068232-0004-0000", "contents": "1950s in Hong Kong, Demographics, Population\nAs many as 100,000 people fled to Hong Kong each month under the new regime, many of whom were rich farmers and capitalists who brought with them management experience, though even more were criminals who established the influential triad society in Hong Kong. By the mid-1950s, Hong Kong had increased its population to a staggering 2.2 million. By 1956, Hong Kong's population density became one of the highest in the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 44], "content_span": [45, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068232-0005-0000", "contents": "1950s in Hong Kong, Demographics, Housing\nIn 1953, the Shek Kip Mei Fire left 53,000 homeless. This prompted major change: Sir Alexander Grantham, the 22nd Governor of Hong Kong, drew up an emergency housing programme that introduced the 'multi-storey building' as a common building form. His structures were capable of housing 2,500 people in a fire/flood-proof structure. The idea was to house as many and as fast as possible to deal with the homeless shelter crisis. Every floor in the building incommunal room, washroom, and toilet facility. Each person was granted 24 square feet (2.2 m2) per adult and half that for each child under 12. High rise buildings would become the norm, as skyscrapers have a small footprint compared to their overall volume.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 41], "content_span": [42, 757]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068232-0006-0000", "contents": "1950s in Hong Kong, Culture, Lifestyle\nAt the end of the Japanese occupation, the Government of Hong Kong held a monopoly on the purchase and distribution of food and raw materials including rice and cotton yarn. Price controls by the Government were not eliminated until 1953. The period can best be summarised by low resources and an endless increase in population. Many mainlanders would cross the border to Hong Kong and establish illegal huts on rooftops and edge of mountains. The integration of different groups from China and original tenants of Hong Kong would also create a society in which everyone had to wrestle with the overwhelming number of language dialects.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 38], "content_span": [39, 675]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068232-0007-0000", "contents": "1950s in Hong Kong, Culture, Education\nThose who were born in Hong Kong were provided with education and housing by the government. The first group of refugees were only granted temporary asylums since the government believed they would return to the mainland. An estimated 9% of the government's expense were spent on education and health care. The curriculum made it crucial that students did not feel associated with Hong Kong or China in any national sense. It emphasised that they were the middleman for the Sino-British trade relationships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 38], "content_span": [39, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068232-0008-0000", "contents": "1950s in Hong Kong, Culture, Education\nAn internal government paper in the period indicated about 34 schools in the urban area were actually classified as controlled by the Communists, including 24 in the New Territories. Another 32 schools had leftist presences such as staff and teachers. A new ordinance was passed in 1952 to allow any director of education to shut down a school believed to be controlled by political indoctrination. The refugees mostly sought their education and social services from Christian churches. Actions were taken at the Heung Tao Middle School and Nanfang College.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 38], "content_span": [39, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068232-0009-0000", "contents": "1950s in Hong Kong, Culture, Entertainment\nOne of the main forms of entertainment in the 1950s was Cantonese Opera. Shaw Brothers Studio would also produce some of the first groups of martial art films. Their notable sword fighting style would be emulated on many movies and TV dramas for years to come.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 42], "content_span": [43, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068232-0010-0000", "contents": "1950s in Hong Kong, Culture, Law and order\nThe Hong Kong 1956 riots was one of the first full-scale riots in the territory. It awoke the Government to the dangers of low wages, long working hours, and overcrowded conditions. Tighter law control would diminish the triads in the period. Most of the social problems in the 1950s dealt with Nationalist and Communist factions on Hong Kong soil. The British Government in Whitehall, London, feared the Communists would promote anti-British sentiments in the colony. Thus, the Colonial Office in Whitehall encouraged the Government of Hong Kong to follow anti-Communist policies within the colony. The leading account of the 1956 riots appeared in a book by historian Rohan Price published by Routledge in 2020.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 42], "content_span": [43, 756]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068232-0011-0000", "contents": "1950s in Hong Kong, Economy, Transportation\nThe Hong Kong Taxi service was founded in 1947 with just a mere 329 cars. By the end of the decade in 1959, it had expanded to 851 cars. The service became more popular since it didn't require passengers to follow a particular bus route.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 43], "content_span": [44, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068232-0012-0000", "contents": "1950s in Hong Kong, Economy, Industrial\nIn 1953, two land reclamation projects added 3,000,000 square feet (280,000\u00a0m2) to Hong Kong. The first project would specifically add runway space to the Kai Tak Airport. Additional reclamation would turn Kwun Tong and Tsuen Wan into industrial towns. The early industrial centres produced materials such as buttons, artificial flowers, umbrellas, textiles, enamelware, footwear and plastics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 39], "content_span": [40, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068232-0013-0000", "contents": "1950s in Hong Kong, Economy, Hospital and hospitality\nThe handling of the refugees required the collaboration of numerous services and programs. The British Red Cross would set up their first branch in Hong Kong on 12 July 1950 as the Hong Kong Red Cross. They started in the Lai Chi Kok Hospital and began the Patient Concern Service. Blood donation also began in 1952 with 483 people donating in the first year. A Disaster Relief service was established in 1953 mostly to deal with the Shek Kip Mei fire. The Hong Kong Tourism Association was established in 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 53], "content_span": [54, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068232-0014-0000", "contents": "1950s in Hong Kong, Economy, Finance\nThe banks at the time were not regulated by the Government. There were no central banks or monetary policies. The Governor did not want to regulate the Hong Kong Stock Exchange even though it had become a serious problem in financing the fast-growing economy at the time. Manufacturers constantly complained about the shortage of investments. Pressure was coming from within and outside Hong Kong to get the policies fixed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 36], "content_span": [37, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068233-0000-0000", "contents": "1950s in LGBT rights\nThis is a list of notable events in the history of LGBT rights that took place worldwide in the 1950s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068234-0000-0000", "contents": "1950s in Southern Rhodesia\nThe Native Land Husbandry Act was passed in 1951. Morgan Tsvangirai, the head of the Movement for Democratic Change, was born in Gutu, Masvingo Province on 10 March 1952. Garfield Todd of the United Rhodesia Party became the Prime Minister of Southern Rhodesia in 1953. That same year, a referendum was held to decide if Southern Rhodesia should join with Northern Rhodesia, and Nyasaland. The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland formed on 1 August. The City Youth League formed in 1955. That same year, the government passed the Public Order Act, giving the police the power to detain and restrict individuals without trial. The City Youth League organized a bus boycott in Salisbury in 1956. Police arrested 200 CYL members.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 754]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068236-0000-0000", "contents": "1950s in comics\nSee also:1940s in comics,other events of the 1950s,1960s in comics and thelist of years in comics", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068236-0001-0000", "contents": "1950s in comics\nPublications: 1950 - 1951 - 1952 - 1953 - 1954 - 1955 - 1956 - 1957 - 1958 - 1959", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068237-0000-0000", "contents": "1950s in film\nThe decade of the 1950s in film involved many significant films.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 78]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068237-0001-0000", "contents": "1950s in film, Events\nFilms of the 1950s were of a wide variety. As a result of the introduction of television, the studios and companies sought to put audiences back in theaters. They used more techniques in presenting their films through widescreen and big-approach methods, such as Cinemascope, VistaVision, and Cinerama, as well as gimmicks like 3-D film. Big production and spectacle films perfect for this gained popularity, with the many historic and fantasy epics like The Robe (1953),The Story of Robin Hood and His Merrie Men (1952), The Ten Commandments (1956), The Seventh Voyage of Sinbad (1958), and Ben-Hur (1959). Other big-scoped films thrived internationally, too, such as Soviet fantasy director Aleksandr Ptushko's mythological epics Sadko, Ilya Muromets, and Sampo, and Japanese director Akira Kurosawa's historic Seven Samurai, Throne of Blood, and Rashomon. Toshiro Mifune, who starred in those Kurosawa films, also starred in the color spectacle Samurai Trilogy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 21], "content_span": [22, 986]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068237-0002-0000", "contents": "1950s in film, Events\nThis spectacle approach, coupled with Cold War paranoia, a renewed interest in science from the atomic bomb, as well as increased interest in the mysteries of outer space and other forteana, lent itself well to what this film decade is best known for, science fiction. The science fiction genre began its golden age during this decade with such notable films as The Day the Earth Stood Still (1951), The Thing from Another World (1951), The War of the Worlds (1953), It Came from Outer Space (1953), Creature from the Black Lagoon (1954), Them!", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 21], "content_span": [22, 566]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068237-0002-0001", "contents": "1950s in film, Events\n(1954), This Island Earth (1955), Earth vs. the Flying Saucers (1956), and Forbidden Planet (1956), as well as Japanese science fiction tokusatsu films. There were also Earth-based \"sci-fi\" subjects, including kaiju films such as the Godzilla series as well as 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea (1954) and When Worlds Collide (1951). Companies such as American International Pictures, Japan's Toho, and Britain's Hammer Film Productions were created to solely produce films of the fantastique genres.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 21], "content_span": [22, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068237-0003-0000", "contents": "1950s in film, Events\nThe decade was equally adept at both character and realistic films. The highly noted actors James Stewart, John Wayne, and Marlon Brando were at the peak of their popularity. Stewart, starring in Winchester '73, and Wayne, starring in John Ford's Cavalry Trilogy and The Searchers, revitalized the western. Brando mastered versatile roles in films such as A Streetcar Named Desire, The Wild One (1953), Julius Caesar, On the Waterfront (1954), Guys and Dolls (1955), The Teahouse of the August Moon (1956), and Sayonara (1957).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 21], "content_span": [22, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068237-0004-0000", "contents": "1950s in film, Events\nDirector Alfred Hitchcock was at the peak of his craft, with films such as Strangers on a Train (1951), Dial M for Murder (1954), Rear Window (1954), To Catch a Thief (1955), The Man Who Knew Too Much (1956), Vertigo (1958), and North by Northwest (1959), with James Stewart and Grace Kelly starring in three each. The Bengali Indian director Satyajit Ray, who began his career in the 1950s, was also at the peak of his career during this decade, with films such as The Apu Trilogy (1955\u20131959), Jalsaghar (1958), and Parash Pathar (1958).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 21], "content_span": [22, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068238-0000-0000", "contents": "1950s in jazz\nBy the end of the 1940s, the nervous energy and tension of bebop was replaced with a tendency towards calm and smoothness, with the sounds of cool jazz, which favoured long, linear melodic lines. It emerged in New York City, as a result of the mixture of the styles of predominantly white swing jazz musicians and predominantly black bebop musicians, and it dominated jazz in the first half of the 1950s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068238-0000-0001", "contents": "1950s in jazz\nThe starting point were a series of singles on Capitol Records in 1949 and 1950 of a nonet led by trumpeter Miles Davis, collected and released first on a ten-inch and later a twelve-inch as the Birth of the Cool. Cool jazz recordings by Chet Baker, Dave Brubeck, Bill Evans, Gil Evans, Stan Getz and the Modern Jazz Quartet usually have a \"lighter\" sound which avoided the aggressive tempos and harmonic abstraction of bebop.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068238-0000-0002", "contents": "1950s in jazz\nCool jazz later became strongly identified with the West Coast jazz scene, but also had a particular resonance in Europe, especially Scandinavia, with emergence of such major figures as baritone saxophonist Lars Gullin and pianist Bengt Hallberg. The theoretical underpinnings of cool jazz were set out by the blind Chicago pianist Lennie Tristano, and its influence stretches into such later developments as Bossa nova, modal jazz, and even free jazz. See also the list of cool jazz and West Coast musicians for further detail.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068238-0001-0000", "contents": "1950s in jazz\nHard bop, an extension of bebop (or \"bop\") music that incorporates influences from rhythm and blues, gospel music, and blues, especially in the saxophone and piano playing,  developed in the mid-1950s, partly in response to the vogue for cool jazz in the early 1950s. The hard bop style coalesced in 1953 and 1954, paralleling the rise of rhythm and blues. Miles Davis' performance of \"Walkin'\" the title track of his album of the same year, at the first Newport Jazz Festival in 1954, announced the style to the jazz world. The quintet Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers, fronted by Blakey and featuring pianist Horace Silver and trumpeter Clifford Brown, were leaders in the hard bop movement along with Davis. (See also List of Hard bop musicians)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 764]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068238-0002-0000", "contents": "1950s in jazz\nModal jazz recordings, such as Miles Davis's Kind of Blue, became popular in the late 1950s. Popular modal standards include Davis's \"All Blues\" and \"So What\" (both 1959), John Coltrane's \"Impressions\" (1963) and Herbie Hancock's \"Maiden Voyage\" (1965). Later, Davis's \"second great quintet\", which included saxophonist Wayne Shorter and pianist Herbie Hancock, recorded a series of highly acclaimed albums in the mid-to-late 1960s. Standards from these sessions include Shorter's \"Footprints\" (1966) and Eddie Harris's \"Freedom Jazz Dance\" (1966).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068238-0003-0000", "contents": "1950s in jazz\nIn Brazil, a new style of music called bossa nova evolved in the late 1950s. The free jazz movement, coming to prominence in the late 1950s, spawned very few standards. Free jazz's unorthodox structures and performance techniques are not as amenable to transcription as other jazz styles. However, \"Lonely Woman\" (1959) a blues by saxophonist Ornette Coleman, is perhaps the closest thing to a standard in free jazz, having been recorded by dozens of notable performers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068239-0000-0000", "contents": "1950s in motorsport\nThis article documents the status of motorsports in the 1950s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 82]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068240-0000-0000", "contents": "1950s in music\nThis article includes an overview of the major events and trends in popular music in the 1950s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068240-0001-0000", "contents": "1950s in music, Genres\nVarious genre in the First World, rock and roll, doo-wop, pop, swing, rhythm and blues, blues, Country music, rockabilly, and jazz music dominated and defined the decade's music.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068240-0002-0000", "contents": "1950s in music, United States, Rock and roll\nRock and roll dominated popular music in the mid 1950s and late 1950s, and quickly spread to much of the rest of the world. Its immediate origins lay in a mixing together of various black musical genres of the time, including rhythm and blues and gospel music; with country and western and Pop. In 1951, Cleveland, Ohio disc jockey Alan Freed began playing rhythm and blues music for a multi-racial audience, and is credited with first using the phrase \"rock and roll\" to describe the music.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 44], "content_span": [45, 536]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068240-0003-0000", "contents": "1950s in music, United States, Rock and roll\nThe 1950s saw the growth in popularity of the big boom electric guitar (developed and popularized by Les Paul). Paul's hit records like \"How High the Moon\", and \"The World Is Waiting for the Sunrise\", helped lead to the development of a specifically rock and roll style of playing of such complicated exponents as Chuck Berry, Link Wray, and Scotty Moore.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 44], "content_span": [45, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068240-0003-0001", "contents": "1950s in music, United States, Rock and roll\nChuck Berry, who is considered to be one of the pioneers of Rock and roll music, refined and developed the major elements that made rock and roll distinctive, focusing on teen life and introducing guitar solos and showmanship that would be a major influence on subsequent rock music. A decade earlier, Sister Rosetta Tharpe fused gospel and blues, inventing rock 'n roll electric guitar by developing sophisticated phrasing and licks that served as the basis for the iconic rock guitar style of the 1950s and beyond.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 44], "content_span": [45, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068240-0004-0000", "contents": "1950s in music, United States, Rock and roll\nArtists such as Elvis Presley, Chuck Berry, Bill Haley and His Comets, Bo Diddley, Fats Domino, Little Richard, Jerry Lee Lewis, Big Joe Turner, and Gene Vincent released the initial rhythm and blues-influenced early rock and roll hits. Rock and roll forerunners in the popular music field included Johnnie Ray, The Crew-Cuts, The Fontane Sisters, and Les Paul and Mary Ford. The Rock and Roll Era is generally dated from the 25 March 1955 premiere of the motion picture, \"The Blackboard Jungle\". This film\u2019s use of Bill Haley and His Comets' \"(We\u2019re Gonna) Rock Around the Clock\" during the opening credits caused a national sensation when teenagers started dancing in the aisles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 44], "content_span": [45, 726]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068240-0005-0000", "contents": "1950s in music, United States, Rock and roll\nPat Boone became one of the most successful artists of the 50s with his heavily Pop-influenced \"covers\" of R&B hits like \"Two Hearts, Two Kisses (Make One Love)\", \"Ain't That a Shame\", and \"At My Front Door (Crazy Little Mama)\". Boone got his fame by covering black R&B hits, his cover versions of the original artists outsold the originals. Boone removed the raw feel of the original versions and replaced it with his own voice making it safer and appropriate for mainstream pop radio stations at the time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 44], "content_span": [45, 552]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068240-0005-0001", "contents": "1950s in music, United States, Rock and roll\nBoone later found success by ballads and less by R&B covers because R&B covers were declining due to the fact that most people at the time were preferring the originals. Boone's traditional pop approach to rock and roll, coupled with his All-American, clean-cut image helped bring the new sound to a much wider audience.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 44], "content_span": [45, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068240-0006-0000", "contents": "1950s in music, United States, Rock and roll\nElvis Presley, who began his career in the mid-1950s, was the most successful artist of the popular sound of rock and roll with a series of network television appearances, motion pictures, and chart-topping records. Elvis also brought rock and roll widely into the mainstream of popular culture. Elvis popularized the four-man group and also brought the guitar to become the lead instrument in rock music. Presley popularized rockabilly, a genre that combined country with rhythm and blues which some claimed it was a new sound. Some claimed that Presley invented the genre by combining country with rhythm and blues.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 44], "content_span": [45, 662]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068240-0006-0001", "contents": "1950s in music, United States, Rock and roll\nElvis became the biggest pop craze since Glenn Miller and Frank Sinatra. His energized interpretations of songs, many from African American sources, and his uninhibited performance style made him enormously popular\u2014and controversial during that period. Presley's massive success brought rock and roll widely into the mainstream and made it easier for African-American musicians to achieve mainstream success on the pop charts. Boone and Presley's styles/images represented opposite ends of the burgeoning musical form, Boone was known as being safe while Presley was known as being dangerous, which competed with one another throughout the remainder of the decade.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 44], "content_span": [45, 709]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068240-0007-0000", "contents": "1950s in music, United States, Rock and roll\nIn 1957, a popular television show featuring rock and roll performers, American Bandstand, went national. Hosted by Dick Clark, the program helped to popularize the more clean-cut, All-American brand of rock and roll. By the end of the decade, teen idols like Bobby Darin, Ricky Nelson, Frankie Avalon, Paul Anka, Neil Sedaka, Bobby Rydell, Connie Francis, and Fabian Forte were topping the charts. Some commentators have perceived this as the decline of rock and roll; citing the deaths of Buddy Holly, The Big Bopper and Ritchie Valens in a tragic plane crash in 1959 and the departure of Elvis for the army as causes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 44], "content_span": [45, 665]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068240-0008-0000", "contents": "1950s in music, United States, Rock and roll\nOn the other side of the spectrum, R&B-influenced acts like The Crows, The Penguins, The El Dorados and The Turbans all scored major hits, and groups like The Platters, with songs including \"The Great Pretender\" (1955), and The Coasters with humorous songs like \"Yakety Yak\" (1958), ranked among the most successful rock and roll acts of the period.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 44], "content_span": [45, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068240-0009-0000", "contents": "1950s in music, United States, Rock and roll\nRock and roll has also been seen as leading to a number of distinct subgenres, including rockabilly (see below) in the 1950s, combining rock and roll with \"hillbilly\" country music, which was usually played and recorded in the mid-1950s by white singers such as Carl Perkins, Jerry Lee Lewis, Buddy Holly and with the greatest commercial success, Elvis Presley. Another subgenre, Doo Wop, entered the pop charts in the 1950s. Its popularity would spawn the parody \"Who Put the Bomp\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 44], "content_span": [45, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068240-0010-0000", "contents": "1950s in music, United States, Rock and roll\nNovelty songs, long a music industry staple, continued their popularity in the Rock and Roll medium with hits such as \"Beep Beep\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 44], "content_span": [45, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068240-0011-0000", "contents": "1950s in music, United States, Classic pop\nPopular music dominated the charts for the first half of the decade. Vocal-driven classic pop replaced big band/swing at the end of World War II, although it often used orchestras to back the vocalists. 1940s style Crooners vied with a new generation of big-voiced singers, many drawing on Italian Canto Bella traditions. Mitch Miller, A&R man at the era's most successful label, Columbia Records, set the tone for the development of popular music well into the middle of the decade.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 42], "content_span": [43, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068240-0011-0001", "contents": "1950s in music, United States, Classic pop\nMiller integrated country, Western, rhythm & blues, and folk music into the musical mainstream, by having many of his label's biggest artists record them in a style that corresponded to Pop traditions. Miller often employed novel and ear-catching arrangements featuring classical instruments (whooping french horns, harpsichord), or sound effects (whip cracks). He approached each record as a miniature story, often \"casting\" the vocalist according to type.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 42], "content_span": [43, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068240-0012-0000", "contents": "1950s in music, United States, Classic pop\n(Mitch) Miller and the producers who followed his model was creating a new sort of pop record. Instead of capturing the sound of live groups, they were making three-minute musicals, matching singers to songs in the same way that movie producers matched stars to film roles. As Miller told \"Time\" magazine in 1951, \"Every singer has certain sounds he makes better than others. Frankie Laine is sweat and hard words\u2014he's a guy beating the pillow, a purveyor of basic emotions. Guy Mitchell is better with happy-go-lucky songs; he's a virile young singer, gives people a vicarious lift. Rosemary Clooney is a barrelhouse dame, a hillbilly at heart.\" It was a way of thinking perfectly suited to the new market in which vocalists were creating unique identities and hit songs were performed as television skits.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 42], "content_span": [43, 850]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068240-0013-0000", "contents": "1950s in music, United States, Classic pop\nWhereas big band/swing music placed the primary emphasis on the orchestration, post-war/early 1950s era Pop focused on the song\u2019s story and/or the emotion being expressed. By the early 1950s, emotional delivery had reached its apex in the miniature psycho-drama songs of writer-singer Johnnie Ray. Known as \"The Cry Guy\" and \"The Prince of Wails\", Ray's on-stage emotion wrought \"breakdowns\" provided a release for the pent-up angst of his predominantly teenage fans. As Ray described it, \"I make them feel, I exhaust them, I destroy them.\" It was during this period that the fan hysteria, which began with Frank Sinatra during the Second World War, really began to take hold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 42], "content_span": [43, 719]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068240-0014-0000", "contents": "1950s in music, United States, Classic pop\nAlthough often ignored by musical historians, Pop music played a significant role in the development of rock 'n' roll as well:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 42], "content_span": [43, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068240-0015-0000", "contents": "1950s in music, United States, Classic pop\n[ Mitch] Miller also conceived of the idea of the pop record \"sound\" per se: not so much an arrangement or a tune, but an aural texture (usually replete with extramusical gimmicks) that could be created in the studio and then replicated in live performance, instead of the other way around. Miller was hardly a rock 'n' roller, yet without these ideas, there could never have been rock 'n' roll. \"Mule Train\", Miller's first major hit (for Frankie Laine) and the foundation of his career, set the pattern for virtually the entire first decade of rock. The similarities between it and, say, \"Leader of the Pack,\" need hardly be outlined here.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 42], "content_span": [43, 684]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068240-0016-0000", "contents": "1950s in music, United States, Classic pop\nPatti Page kicked things off with what would become the decade's biggest hit, \"Tennessee Waltz\". Her other hits from this period included: \"Mister and Mississippi\", \"Mockin' Bird Hill\", \"Detour\", \"(How Much Is That) Doggie in the Window\", and \"Old Cape Cod\". Frankie Laine's 1949 hits, \"That Lucky Old Sun (Just Rolls Around Heaven All Day)\" and \"Mule Train\", were still riding high on the charts when the decade began.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 42], "content_span": [43, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068240-0016-0001", "contents": "1950s in music, United States, Classic pop\nHe continued to score with such hits as: \"Georgia on My Mind\", \"Cry of the Wild Goose\", \"Jezebel\", \"Rose, Rose, I Love You\", \"Jealousy (Jalousie)\", \"High Noon (Do Not Forsake Me)\", \"I Believe\", \"Granada\", \"Moonlight Gambler\", and \"Rawhide\". Johnnie Ray had a long run of hits in the early half of the decade, often backed by The Four Lads, including: \"Cry\", \"The Little White Cloud That Cried\", \"Walking My Baby Back Home\", \"Please, Mr. Sun\", and \"Just Walkin' in the Rain\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 42], "content_span": [43, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068240-0016-0002", "contents": "1950s in music, United States, Classic pop\nThe Four Lads racked up some hits on their own with \"Who Needs You\", \"No, Not Much\", \"Standin' on the Corner\", and \"Moments to Remember\". Nat \"King\" Cole dominated the charts throughout the decade with such timeless classics as \"Unforgettable\", \"Mona Lisa\", \"Too Young\", \"Darling, Je Vous Aime Beaucoup\", \"Pretend\", \"Smile\", and \"A Blossom Fell\". Perry Como was another frequent visitor to the charts with hits like: \"If\", \"Round and Round\", \"Don't Let the Stars Get in Your Eyes\", \"Tina Marie\", \"Papa Loves Mambo\", and \"Catch a Falling Star\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 42], "content_span": [43, 586]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068240-0017-0000", "contents": "1950s in music, United States, Classic pop\nOther major stars in the early 1950s included Frank Sinatra (\"Young at Heart\", \"Three Coins in the Fountain\", \"Witchcraft\"), Tony Bennett (\"Cold, Cold Heart\", \"Because of You\", \"Rags to Riches\"), Kay Starr (\"Bonaparte's Retreat\", \"Wheel of Fortune\", \"Rock and Roll Waltz\"), Rosemary Clooney (\"Come On-a My House\", \"Mambo Italiano\", \"Half as Much\", \"This Ole House\"), Dean Martin (\"That's Amore\", \"Return to Me\", \"Sway\"), Georgia Gibbs (\"Kiss of Fire\", \"Dance With Me, Henry\", \"Tweedle Dee\"), Eddie Fisher (\"Anytime\", \"Wish You Were Here\", \"Thinking of You\", \"I'm Walking Behind You\", \"Oh! My Pa-Pa\", \"Fanny\"), Teresa Brewer (\"Music! Music! Music!", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 42], "content_span": [43, 689]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068240-0017-0001", "contents": "1950s in music, United States, Classic pop\n\", \"Till I Waltz Again With You\", \"Ricochet(Rick-O-Shay)\"), Doris Day (\"Secret Love\", \"Whatever Will Be Will Be (Que Sera Sera)\", \"Teacher's Pet\"), Guy Mitchell (\"My Heart Cries for You\", \"The Roving Kind\", \"Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania\", \"Singing the Blues\"), Bing Crosby (\"Play a Simple Melody with son Gary Crosby, \"True Love with Grace Kelly), Dinah Shore (\"Lavender Blue\"), Kitty Kallen (\"Little Things Mean a Lot\"), Joni James (\"Have You Heard\", \"Wishing Ring\", \"Your Cheatin' Heart\"), Peggy Lee (\"Lover\", \"Fever\"), Julie London (\"Cry Me a River\"), Toni Arden (\"Padre\"), June Valli (\"Why Don't You Believe Me\"), Arthur Godfrey (\"Slowpoke\"), Tennessee Ernie Ford (\"Sixteen Tons\"), Les Paul and Mary Ford (\"Vaya Con Dios\", \"Tiger Rag\"), and vocal groups like The Mills Brothers (\"Glow Worm\"), The Weavers \"(Goodnight Irene\"), The Four Aces (\"Love Is a Many-Splendored Thing\", \"(It's No) Sin\"), The Chordettes (\"Mister Sandman\"), Fontane Sisters (\"Hearts of Stone\"), The Hilltoppers (\"Trying\", \"P.S. I Love You\"), The McGuire Sisters (\"Sincerely\", \"Goodnite, Sweetheart, Goodnite\", \"Sugartime\") and The Ames Brothers (\"Ragmop\" \"The Naughty Lady of Shady Lane\").", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 42], "content_span": [43, 1203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068240-0018-0000", "contents": "1950s in music, United States, Classic pop\nClassic pop declined in popularity as Rock and roll entered the mainstream and became a major force in American record sales. Crooners such as Eddie Fisher, Perry Como, and Patti Page, who had dominated the first half of the decade, found their access to the pop charts significantly curtailed by the decade's end. However, new Pop vocalists continued to rise to prominence throughout the decade, many of whom started out singing Rock 'n' Roll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 42], "content_span": [43, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068240-0018-0001", "contents": "1950s in music, United States, Classic pop\nThese include: Pat Boone (\"Don\u2019t Forbid Me\", \"April Love\", \"Love Letters in the Sand\"), Anita Bryant (\"Till There Was You\", \"Paper Roses\"), Connie Francis (\"Who\u2019s Sorry Now\", \"Among My Souvenirs\", \"My Happiness\"), Gogi Grant (\"Suddenly There\u2019s a Valley\", \"The Wayward Wind\"), Bobby Darin (\"Dream Lover\", \"Beyond the Sea\", \"Mack the Knife\"),  and Andy Williams (\"Canadian Sunset\", \"Butterfly\", \"Hawaiian Wedding Song\"). Even Rock 'n' Roll icon Elvis Presley spent the rest of his career alternating between Pop and Rock (\"Love Me Tender\", \"Loving You\", \"I Love You Because\"). Pop would resurface on the charts in the mid-1960s as \"Adult Contemporary\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 42], "content_span": [43, 693]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068240-0019-0000", "contents": "1950s in music, United States, R&B\nIn 1951, Little Richard Penniman began recording for RCA Records in the late-1940s jump blues style of Joe Brown and Billy Wright. However, it wasn't until he prepared a demo in 1954, that caught the attention of Specialty Records, that the world would start to hear his new, uptempo, funky rhythm and blues that would catapult him to fame in 1955 and help define the sound of rock and roll. A rapid succession of rhythm-and-blues hits followed, beginning with \"Tutti Frutti\" and \"Long Tall Sally\", which would influence performers such as James Brown, Elvis Presley, and Otis Redding.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 34], "content_span": [35, 620]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068240-0020-0000", "contents": "1950s in music, United States, R&B\nAt the urging of Leonard Chess at Chess Records, Chuck Berry had reworked a country fiddle tune with a long history, entitled \"Ida Red\". The resulting \"Maybellene\" was not only a #3 hit on the R&B charts in 1955, but also reached into the top 30 on the pop charts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 34], "content_span": [35, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068240-0021-0000", "contents": "1950s in music, United States, R&B\nStax Records was founded in 1957 as Satellite Records. The label was a major factor in the creation of the Southern soul and Memphis soul styles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 34], "content_span": [35, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068240-0022-0000", "contents": "1950s in music, United States, R&B\nIn 1959, two black-owned record labels, one of which would become hugely successful, made their debut: Sam Cooke's Sar, and Berry Gordy's Motown Records.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 34], "content_span": [35, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068240-0023-0000", "contents": "1950s in music, United States, Blues\nBlues had a huge influence on mainstream American popular music in the 1950s with the enthusiastic playing styles of popular musicians like Bo Diddley and Chuck Berry, departed from the melancholy aspects of blues and influenced Rock and roll music.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068240-0024-0000", "contents": "1950s in music, United States, Blues\nRay Charles and Fats Domino help bring blues into the popular music scene. Domino provides a boogie-woogie style that heavily influences rock 'n' roll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068240-0025-0000", "contents": "1950s in music, United States, Blues\nBig Mama Thornton records the original version of \"Hound Dog\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068240-0026-0000", "contents": "1950s in music, United States, Country music\nCountry music stars in the early 1950s included Hank Williams, Patsy Cline, Bill Monroe, Eddy Arnold, Gene Autry, Tex Ritter, Jim Reeves, Tennessee Ernie Ford, Chet Atkins and Kitty Wells.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 44], "content_span": [45, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068240-0027-0000", "contents": "1950s in music, United States, Country music\nWells' 1952 hit \"It Wasn't God Who Made Honky Tonk Angels\" became the first single by a solo female artist to top the U.S. country charts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 44], "content_span": [45, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068240-0027-0001", "contents": "1950s in music, United States, Country music\n\"It Wasn't God ... \" was a landmark single in several ways; it began a trend of \"answer\" songs, or songs written and recorded in response to (or to counterpoint) a previously popular song \u2013 in this case, \"The Wild Side of Life\" by Hank Thompson \u2013 and for Wells, began a trend of female singers who defied the typical stereotype of being submissive to men and putting up with their oft-infidel ways, both in their personal lives and in their songs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 44], "content_span": [45, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068240-0028-0000", "contents": "1950s in music, United States, Country music\nEarly in the decade, the honky-tonk style dominated country music, with songs of heartbreak, loneliness, alcoholism and despair the overriding themes. Long regarded the master of these themes was Hank Williams, whose critically acclaimed songwriting resulted in a string of legendary hits and songs, such as \"Cold, Cold Heart\", \"Your Cheating Heart\", \"Why Don't You Love Me\" and many more titles. Williams also lived hard, and on 1 January 1953, died. His legacy, however, would live on in country music for decades to come, and be vastly influential to new stars including a young Saratoga, Texas native named George Jones.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 44], "content_span": [45, 669]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068240-0029-0000", "contents": "1950s in music, United States, Country music\nJones, just 23 when he had his first national hit \u2013 \"Why Baby Why\" \u2013 would go on to become one of country music's most iconic figures for the next 55-plus years. Although some of his early songs included rockabilly (usually recorded under the pseudonym Thumper Jones), he stayed true to the honky-tonk style for most of his career. In addition to \"Why Baby Why,\" his biggest 1950s hits included \"What Am I Worth\", \"Treasure of Love\", \"Just One More\" and his first No. 1 hit, \"White Lightning\", and by the end of the 1990s, that number would increase to more than 100 hit songs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 44], "content_span": [45, 622]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068240-0030-0000", "contents": "1950s in music, United States, Country music\nBesides Williams and Jones, the most popular honky tonk-styled singers included Lefty Frizzell, Carl Smith and Webb Pierce.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 44], "content_span": [45, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068240-0031-0000", "contents": "1950s in music, United States, Country music\nIn 1955, Ozark Jubilee nearly began a nearly six-year run on ABC-TV, the first national TV show to feature country's biggest stars.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 44], "content_span": [45, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068240-0032-0000", "contents": "1950s in music, United States, Country music\nBy the late 1950s, the Nashville sound became country music's response to continued encroachment of genre by rock artists. This new style emphasized string sections, background vocals and crooning lead vocals in the vein of mainstream popular music, but utilizing production styles and themes seen in country music. Artists like Eddy Arnold and Jim Reeves, both whom had been well established earlier in the decade, were early pioneers in this style, which went on to see its greatest success in the 1960s. One of the first major Nashville Sound hits was \"Oh, Lonesome Me\" by Don Gibson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 44], "content_span": [45, 632]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068240-0032-0001", "contents": "1950s in music, United States, Country music\nAlso popular was the \"saga song\", often a song with a historical background or having themes of violence, adultery and so forth. Songs by artists such as Johnny Horton (\"The Battle of New Orleans\" and \"When It's Springtime in Alaska\"), Stonewall Jackson (\"Waterloo\"), Marty Robbins (\"El Paso\") and Lefty Frizzell (\"Long Black Veil\") dominated the charts starting in 1959 and continuing into the early 1960s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 44], "content_span": [45, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068240-0033-0000", "contents": "1950s in music, United States, Country music\nThe late 1950s saw the emergence of the Lubbock sound, but by the end of the decade, backlash as well as traditional country music artists such as Ray Price, Marty Robbins, and Johnny Horton began to shift the industry away from the rock n' roll influences of the mid-1950s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 44], "content_span": [45, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068240-0034-0000", "contents": "1950s in music, United States, Country music\nRockabilly emerged in the early 1950s as a fusion of rock and roll and country music. Rockabilly was most popular with country fans in the 1950s. The music was propelled by catchy beats, an electric guitar and an acoustic bass which was played using the slap-back technique. Rockabilly is generally considered to have begun in the early 1950s, when musicians like Bill Haley began mixing jump blues and electric country. In 1954, however, Elvis Presley truly began the popularization of the genre with a series of recordings for Sun Records. \"Rock Around the Clock\" (1955, Bill Haley) was the breakthrough success for the style, and it launched the careers of several rockabilly entertainers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 44], "content_span": [45, 737]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068240-0035-0000", "contents": "1950s in music, United States, Country music\nDuring this period Elvis Presley converted over to country music. He played a huge role in the music industry during this time. The number two, three and four songs on Billboard's charts for that year were Elvis Presley, \"Heartbreak Hotel;\" Johnny Cash, \"I Walk the Line;\" and Carl Perkins, \"Blue Suede Shoes\". Cash and Presley placed songs in the top 5 in 1958 with No. 3 \"Guess Things Happen That Way/Come In, Stranger\" by Cash, and No. 5 by Presley \"Don't/I Beg of You\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 44], "content_span": [45, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068240-0035-0001", "contents": "1950s in music, United States, Country music\nPresley acknowledged the influence of rhythm and blues artists and his style, saying \"The coloured folk been singin' and playin' it just the way I'm doin' it now, man for more years than I know.\" By 1958, many rockabilly musicians returned to a more mainstream style or had defined their own unique style and rockabilly had largely disappeared from popular music, although its influences would remain into the future.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 44], "content_span": [45, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068240-0036-0000", "contents": "1950s in music, United States, Jazz\nBebop, Hard bop, Cool jazz and the Blues gained popularity during the 1950s while prominent Jazz musicians who came into prominence in these genres included Lester Young, Ben Webster, Charlie Parker, Dizzy Gillespie, Miles Davis, John Coltrane, Thelonious Monk, Charles Mingus, Art Tatum, Bill Evans, Ahmad Jamal, Oscar Peterson, Gil Evans, Gerry Mulligan, Cannonball Adderley, Stan Getz, Chet Baker, Dave Brubeck, Art Blakey, Max Roach, the Miles Davis Quintet, the Modern Jazz Quartet, Ella Fitzgerald, Ray Charles, Sarah Vaughan, Dinah Washington, Nina Simone, and Billie Holiday.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 35], "content_span": [36, 619]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068240-0037-0000", "contents": "1950s in music, United States, Other trends\nIn 1956 the American musician of Jamaican descent Harry Belafonte popularized the Calypso music Caribbean musical style which became a worldwide craze with the release of his rendition traditional Jamaican folk song \"Banana Boat Song\" from his 1956 album Calypso. The album later became the first full-length record to sell more than a million copies, and Belafonte was dubbed the \"King of Calypso\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 43], "content_span": [44, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068240-0038-0000", "contents": "1950s in music, United States, Folk music\nThe Weavers, Pete Seeger, Woody Guthrie, The Kingston Trio, Odetta, and several other performers were instrumental in launching the folk music revival of the 1950s and 1960s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 41], "content_span": [42, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068240-0039-0000", "contents": "1950s in music, Europe\nDuring the 1950s European popular music give way to the influence of American forms of music including jazz, swing and traditional pop, mediated through film and records. The significant change of the mid-1950s was the impact of American rock and roll, which provided a new model for performance and recording, based on a youth market. Initially this was dominated by American acts, or re-creations of American forms of music, but soon distinctly European Bands and individual artists began in early attempts to produce local Rock and roll music.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 569]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068240-0040-0000", "contents": "1950s in music, Europe\nThe European Broadcasting Union started the Eurovision Song Contest in 1956, a song contest to unite war-torn Europe. Seven countries participated in the first contest in Lugano, Switzerland. This contest generally introduced local stars or stars-to-be wider, not only singers but also other people in music as well. Some of these people include Franck Pourcel, Dolf van der Linden and Kai Mortensen in the 1950s. Ballad is the most common genre at that time. Two veterans won in the first two years, Lys Assia who is the only Swiss citizen to win and Dutchwoman Corry Brokken.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 600]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068240-0040-0001", "contents": "1950s in music, Europe\nThe most famous singer and song in the decade was the Italian entry in 1958. Domenico Modugno with Grammy-winning song commonly called Volare. Italy finished third to Andre Claveau, representing France. Beating Brokken in the national final, Teddy Scholten won its second victory for the Netherlands in 1959. Her song is the only non-ballad winner in the first nine years of the grand prix. Willy van Hemert co-written both Dutch winning songs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068240-0041-0000", "contents": "1950s in music, Latin America\nHispanics, young and old, could find comfort in the popular rhythmic sounds of Latin music that reminded them of home; mambo, cha-cha, merengue and salsa. Tito Puente, an American born Boricua (Puerto Rican), revolutionized the Latin music of the time. He incorporated many new percussion and woodwind instruments into the popular Latin sound. The Hispanics in the U.S. certainly were able to conform with the popular vibes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 29], "content_span": [30, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068240-0042-0000", "contents": "1950s in music, Latin America\nIn Brazil, Bossa Nova was created in the city of Rio de Janeiro", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 29], "content_span": [30, 93]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068240-0043-0000", "contents": "1950s in music, Latin America\nThe Cuban bolero has traveled to Mexico and the rest of Latin America after its conception, where it became part of their repertoires. Some of the bolero's leading composers have come from nearby countries, most especially the prolific Puerto Rican composer Rafael Hern\u00e1ndez; another example is Mexico's Agust\u00edn Lara. Some Cuban composers of the bolero are listed under Trova. Some successful Mexican bolero composers are Mar\u00eda Grever, Gonzalo Curiel Barba, Gabriel Ruiz, and Consuelo Vel\u00e1zquez which song Verdad Amarga (Bitter Truth) was the most popular in Mexico in the year 1948.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 29], "content_span": [30, 613]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068240-0044-0000", "contents": "1950s in music, Latin America\nAnother composer Armando Manzanero widely considered the premier Mexican romantic composer of the postwar era and one of the most successful composers of Latin America has composed more than four hundred songs, fifty of which have given him international fame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 29], "content_span": [30, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068240-0044-0001", "contents": "1950s in music, Latin America\nHis most famous songs include Voy a apagar la luz (I'm Going to Turn Off the Lights), Contigo Aprend\u00ed (With you I Learnt... ), Adoro (Adore), No s\u00e9 t\u00fa (I don't know if you...), Por Debajo de la Mesa (Under the Table) Esta Tarde Vi Llover (English version \"Yesterday I Heard the Rain\"), Somos Novios (English version \"It's Impossible\"), Felicidad (Happiness) and Nada Personal (Nothing Personal).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 29], "content_span": [30, 425]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068240-0045-0000", "contents": "1950s in music, Latin America\nSome renowned trios rom\u00e1nticos were Trio Los Panchos, Los Tres Ases, Los Tres Diamantes and Los Dandys. Trio Bolero, a unique ensemble of two guitars and one cello. Other singers in singing boleros in Mexico are \u00d3scar Ch\u00e1vez, Jos\u00e9 \u00c1ngel Espinoza and \u00c1lvaro Carrillo.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 29], "content_span": [30, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068240-0046-0000", "contents": "1950s in music, Australia and New Zealand\nBy the end of the decade, as the rock and roll style had spread throughout the world, it soon caught on with Australian teens. Johnny O'Keefe became perhaps the first modern rock star of the country, and began the field of rock music in Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 41], "content_span": [42, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068240-0047-0000", "contents": "1950s in music, Australia and New Zealand\nNew Zealand was introduced to Rock and roll by Johnny Cooper's cover of \"Rock Around the Clock\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 41], "content_span": [42, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068240-0048-0000", "contents": "1950s in music, Australia and New Zealand\nAfter Rock and roll had been introduced, the most famous of New Zealand's cover artists were: Johnny Devlin, Max Merit and the Meteors, Ray Columbus and the Invaders and Dinah Lee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 41], "content_span": [42, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068241-0000-0000", "contents": "1950s in sociology\nThe following events related to sociology occurred in the 1950s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 83]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068242-0000-0000", "contents": "1950s quiz show scandals\nThe American quiz show scandals of the 1950s were a series of revelations that contestants of several popular television quiz shows were secretly given assistance by show producers, to prearrange the outcome of ostensibly fair competitions. The 1950s quiz show scandals were driven by a variety of reasons, including greed, willing contestants, and the lack of regulations prohibiting such conspiracy in game show productions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068242-0001-0000", "contents": "1950s quiz show scandals, Background\nTelevision quiz shows had their foundations established by earlier shows on radio. One of the first radio quiz shows in the United States was Information Please in 1938, and one of the first major successes was Dr. I.Q. in 1939. Winner Take All, a Goodson-Todman Production which premiered in 1946, was the first to use lock-out devices and feature returning champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 36], "content_span": [37, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068242-0001-0001", "contents": "1950s quiz show scandals, Background\nA variant of the quiz show, the giveaway show, appeared in 1948 when the ABC Radio Network introduced Stop the Music, in which people randomly called by telephone and members of a studio audience would identify music to win prizes provided by the show's sponsor. Stop the Music and other giveaway shows were popular both for the size of prizes they could give away, and for the drama produced when random people were called and given the chance to win them. The FCC attempted to ban the giveaway show in August 1949, calling it a form of an illegal lottery. A judicial stay was quickly put in place, and although in 1954, the United States Supreme Court ruled in Federal Communications Commission v. American Broadcasting Co., Inc. 347 U.S. 284 that giveaway shows were not a form of gambling, by this time the allure of the giveaway was in decline.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 36], "content_span": [37, 886]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068242-0002-0000", "contents": "1950s quiz show scandals, Background\nNew ideas were needed in game shows to provide television audiences with the big prize stakes and contestant drama they enjoyed, and all of this laid the groundwork for a new generation of quiz shows, with unprecedented prize levels. The $64,000 Question became the first big-money prime-time television quiz show in 1955, with Joyce Brothers becoming the first woman to earn the $64,000 prize. It was revealed later that the show was \u201ccontrolled\u201d; the producers did not want Brothers to win and deliberately gave her questions perceived to be beyond her ability, which she answered correctly anyway. The $64,000 Question was one of the game shows ultimately implicated to be fixed in some fashion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 36], "content_span": [37, 735]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068242-0003-0000", "contents": "1950s quiz show scandals, Background\nIn September 1956, the Jack Barry-hosted game show Twenty-One premiered, with its first show being played legitimately, with no manipulation of the game by the producers whatsoever. That initial broadcast was, in the words of co-producer Dan Enright, \"a dismal failure\"; the first two contestants succeeded only in making a mockery of the format by showing how little they really knew by guessing many questions incorrectly. Show sponsor Geritol, upon seeing this opening-night performance, reportedly became furious with the results and said in no uncertain terms that they did not want to see a repeat performance. According to Enright in a 1992 PBS documentary, \"from that moment on, we decided to rig Twenty-One.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 36], "content_span": [37, 754]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068242-0004-0000", "contents": "1950s quiz show scandals, Background\nThree months into its run, Twenty-One featured a contestant, Herb Stempel, who had been coached by Enright to allow his opponent, Charles Van Doren, to win the game. Stempel took the fall as requested. A year later, Stempel told the New York Journal-American's Jack O'Brian that his winning run as champion on the series had been choreographed to his advantage, and that the show's producer then ordered him to purposely lose his championship to Van Doren. With no proof, an article was never printed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 36], "content_span": [37, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068242-0005-0000", "contents": "1950s quiz show scandals, Background\nStempel's statements gained more credibility when match fixing in another game, Dotto, was publicized in August 1958. Quiz show ratings across the networks plummeted and several were cancelled amid allegations of fixing. The revelations were sufficient to initiate a nine-month long New York County grand jury. No indictments were handed down, and the findings of the grand jury were sealed by judge's order. A formal congressional subcommittee investigation began in summer 1959. Enright was revealed to have rigged Twenty-One; Van Doren also eventually came forth with revelations about how he was persuaded to accept specific answers during his time on the show. As a result, many contestants' reputations were tarnished.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 36], "content_span": [37, 761]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068242-0006-0000", "contents": "1950s quiz show scandals, Background\nIn 1960, the United States Congress amended the Communications Act of 1934 to prohibit the fixing of quiz shows. As a result of that action, many networks canceled their existing quiz shows and replaced them with a higher number of public service programs. Most networks also imposed a winnings and appearances limit on their existing and future game shows, which would eventually be removed by inflation and the rise of the million-dollar jackpot game shows starting in 1999.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 36], "content_span": [37, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068242-0007-0000", "contents": "1950s quiz show scandals, Integrity questioned (1957-1958), Twenty-One\nIn late 1956, Herb Stempel was a contestant on Twenty-One who was coached by Enright. While Stempel was in the midst of his winning streak, both of the $64,000 quiz shows were in the top-ten rated programs but Twenty-One did not have the same popularity. Enright and his partner, Albert Freedman, were searching for a new champion to replace Stempel to boost ratings. They soon found what they were looking for in Van Doren, who was an English teacher at Columbia University when a friend suggested he try out for a quiz show.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 70], "content_span": [71, 597]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068242-0007-0001", "contents": "1950s quiz show scandals, Integrity questioned (1957-1958), Twenty-One\nVan Doren decided to try out for the quiz show Tic-Tac-Dough. Enright, who produced both Tic-Tac-Dough and Twenty-One, saw Van Doren's tryout and was familiar with his prestigious family background that included multiple Pulitzer Prize-winning authors and highly respected professors at Columbia University. As a result, Enright felt that Van Doren would be the perfect contestant to be the new face of Twenty-One. As part of their plan, the producers of Twenty-One arranged the first Van Doren-Stempel face-off to end in three ties. As prize money per-point in the margin of victory increased by $500 after each tie game, the next game would offer $2,000 for every point the winner led by; this was duly-noted in promotion of the following week's episode, which helped to attract significant viewership.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 70], "content_span": [71, 875]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068242-0008-0000", "contents": "1950s quiz show scandals, Integrity questioned (1957-1958), Twenty-One\nAfter achieving winnings of $69,500, Stempel's scripted loss to the more popular Van Doren occurred on December 5, 1956. One of the questions Stempel answered incorrectly involved the winner of the 1955 Academy Award for Best Motion Picture (the correct answer was Marty, one of Stempel's favorite movies; as instructed by Enright, Stempel gave the incorrect answer On the Waterfront, winner of Best Motion Picture the previous year).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 70], "content_span": [71, 505]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068242-0008-0001", "contents": "1950s quiz show scandals, Integrity questioned (1957-1958), Twenty-One\nAlthough the manipulation of the contestants on Twenty-One helped the producers maintain viewer interest and ratings, the producers had not anticipated the extent of Stempel's resentment at being required to lose the contest against Van Doren. Initially, Stempel was dismissed as a sore loser, due in part to the fact that there was no solid reason to question the reputations of the quiz shows themselves.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 70], "content_span": [71, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068242-0009-0000", "contents": "1950s quiz show scandals, Integrity questioned (1957-1958), The Big Surprise\nIn December 1956, a contestant on The Big Surprise, Dale Logue, filed a lawsuit against the show, seeking $103,000 in monetary damages or reinstatement on the show as a contestant. Her claim was that, after being asked a question she did not know in a \"warm-up\" session, that she was asked the same question again during the televised show. Her assertion was that this was done intentionally, with the express purpose of eliminating her as a contestant.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 76], "content_span": [77, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068242-0009-0001", "contents": "1950s quiz show scandals, Integrity questioned (1957-1958), The Big Surprise\nAt the time Logue's lawsuit was filed, Steve Carlin, executive producer of Entertainment Productions, Inc. (the producers of The Big Surprise) called her claim \"ridiculous and hopeless\". Assertions that Logue had been offered $10,000 to settle in January 1957 were called baseless. Charles Revson, head of Revlon and The Big Surprise's primary sponsor, asked the producers of the show if Logue's accusation was true, and was told that it was not. The Big Surprise was cancelled by April 1957, after a low level Federal Trade Commission investigation had been launched. Concluded a year later, the FTC only sought statements from the producers of the show asserting that it was above board.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 76], "content_span": [77, 766]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068242-0010-0000", "contents": "1950s quiz show scandals, Integrity questioned (1957-1958), The Big Surprise\nIn April 1957, Time magazine had published an article asserting the depths to which producers managed game shows, to depths just short of involving the contestants themselves. This was followed by the August 20, 1957 Look magazine article \"Are TV Quiz Shows Fixed?\" which concluded \"it may be more accurate to say they are controlled or partially controlled.\" Doubt had now been sown about the integrity of the shows.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 76], "content_span": [77, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068242-0011-0000", "contents": "1950s quiz show scandals, Integrity questioned (1957-1958), Dotto\nIn August 1958, the abrupt cancellation of the quiz show Dotto bolstered Stempel and Logue's credibility of contestant involvement in rigging, when Edward Hilgemeier, Jr, a stand-by contestant three months earlier, sent an affidavit to the Federal Communications Commission claiming that while backstage, he had found a notebook containing the very answers contestant Marie Winn was delivering on stage. Although the reason for Dotto's August cancellation was never given to the press, it was worked out in the days after that the reason was the implication that the game had been fixed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 65], "content_span": [66, 653]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068242-0011-0001", "contents": "1950s quiz show scandals, Integrity questioned (1957-1958), Dotto\nThe story of fixing was widely known soon after. The American public's reactions were quick and powerful when the quiz show fraud became public: between 87% and 95% knew about the scandals as measured by industry-sponsored polls. Through late 1958 and early 1959, quiz shows implicated by the scandal were quickly cancelled. Among them, with their last-aired dates, were the following shows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 65], "content_span": [66, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068242-0012-0000", "contents": "1950s quiz show scandals, Integrity questioned (1957-1958), Dotto\nLate in August 1958, New York prosecutor Joseph Stone convened a grand jury to investigate the allegations of the fixing of quiz shows. At the time of the empaneling, neither being a party to a fixed game show nor fixing a game show in the first place were crimes in their own right. Some witnesses in the grand jury acknowledged their role in a fixed show, while others denied it, directly contradicting one another.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 65], "content_span": [66, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068242-0012-0001", "contents": "1950s quiz show scandals, Integrity questioned (1957-1958), Dotto\nMany of the coached contestants, who had become celebrities due to their quiz show success, were so afraid of the social repercussions of admitting the fraud that they were unwilling to confess to having been coached, even to the point of perjuring themselves to avoid backlash. Show producers, who had legally rigged the games to increase ratings but did not want to implicate themselves, the show sponsors or the networks they worked for in doing so, categorically denied the allegations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 65], "content_span": [66, 556]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068242-0012-0002", "contents": "1950s quiz show scandals, Integrity questioned (1957-1958), Dotto\nAfter the nine-month grand jury, no indictments were handed down and the judge sealed the grand jury report in Summer 1959. The 86th United States Congress, by then in its first session, soon responded; in October 1959, the House Subcommittee on Legislative Oversight, under Representative Oren Harris' chairmanship, began to hold hearings investigating the scandal. Stempel, Snodgrass and Hilgemeier all testified. Van Doren, initially reluctant, finally agreed to testify also in a press conference on October 15. The House committee then announced plans to expand their probe into quiz shows.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 65], "content_span": [66, 661]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068242-0013-0000", "contents": "1950s quiz show scandals, Integrity questioned (1957-1958), Dotto\nThe expansion of the quiz show probe led CBS president Frank Stanton to immediately announce cancellation of three more of its large prize quiz shows between October 16 and October 19, 1959: Top Dollar, The Big Payoff, and Name That Tune, \"because of the impossibility of guarding against dishonest practice\". The gravity of the scandal was confirmed on November 2 when Van Doren said to the Committee in a nationally televised session that, \"I was involved, deeply involved, in a deception. The fact that I, too, was very much deceived cannot keep me from being the principal victim of that deception, because I was its principal symbol.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 65], "content_span": [66, 705]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068242-0014-0000", "contents": "1950s quiz show scandals, Aftermath, Law and politics\nAll of the regulations regarding television at that time were defined under the Federal Communications Act of 1934, which dealt with the advertising, fair competition, and labeling of broadcast stations. The Act and regulations written by the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) were indefinite in regards to fixed television programs. Due to the fact that there were no specific laws regarding the fraudulent behavior in the quiz shows, it is debatable whether the producers or contestants alike did anything illegal. Instead, it could be inferred that the medium was ill-used. After concluding the Harris Commission investigation, Congress amended the Communications Act to prohibit the fixing of televised contests of intellectual knowledge or skill.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 53], "content_span": [54, 816]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068242-0015-0000", "contents": "1950s quiz show scandals, Aftermath, Law and politics\nTherefore, the bill that President Eisenhower signed into law on September 13, 1960, was a fairly mild improvement to the broadcast industry. The legislation allowed the FCC to require license renewals of less than the legally required three years if the agency believes it would be in the public interest, prohibited gifts to FCC members, and declared illegal any contest or game with intent to deceive the audience. However, at the time, while the actions may have been disreputable, they were not illegal. As a result, no one went to prison for rigging game shows. The individuals who were prosecuted were charged because of attempts to cover up their actions, either by obstruction of justice or perjury.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 53], "content_span": [54, 762]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068242-0016-0000", "contents": "1950s quiz show scandals, Aftermath, Hosts and producers\nIn September 1958, a New York grand jury called producers who had coached contestants to appear in testimony. It was later estimated by a prosecutor on the case that of the 150 sworn witnesses before the panel, only 50 told the truth. Some producers included Barry, Enright and Frank Cooper. Barry and Enright's reputations suffered the most from the scandals as the result of the rigging of Twenty-One. Barry was effectively blacklisted from national television until 1969.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 56], "content_span": [57, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068242-0016-0001", "contents": "1950s quiz show scandals, Aftermath, Hosts and producers\nEnright went to Canada to continue working in television and was unable to get another job in American television until Barry's own recovery from the scandal allowed him to bring Enright back as a partner in 1975. Although he went through a difficult five-year period (according to an interview with TV Guide before his death in 1984), Barry moved to Los Angeles, eventually finding work on local television.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 56], "content_span": [57, 465]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068242-0016-0002", "contents": "1950s quiz show scandals, Aftermath, Hosts and producers\nHe would later admit in an article in TV Guide that, in order to determine if he still had a bad reputation (because of the requirement to have a license with the FCC), he raised money to buy a Redondo Beach radio station, which is now KDAY. Barry returned to hosting with The Generation Gap in 1969 and had success with The Joker's Wild, which premiered in 1972 and ended in 1975. Barry and Enright resumed their partnership full-time in 1976.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 56], "content_span": [57, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068242-0016-0003", "contents": "1950s quiz show scandals, Aftermath, Hosts and producers\nTheir production of game shows, notably the syndicated revivals of Tic-Tac-Dough (which Barry did not host) and Joker (which he did) in the late 1970s to mid-1980s, resulted in millions of dollars in revenue and, more importantly for both, forgiveness from the public for their involvement in the scandals. Indeed, Barry and Enright were able to sponsor the teen-sex comedy film Private Lessons using revenue from their renewed success.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 56], "content_span": [57, 493]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068242-0017-0000", "contents": "1950s quiz show scandals, Aftermath, Hosts and producers\nOther producers met the same fate as Barry and Enright, but were unable to redeem themselves afterwards unlike those two. One of the more notable is Cooper, whose Dotto ended up being his longest-running and most popular game. Hosts such as Jack Narz and Hal March continued to work on television after the scandals. March died in January 1970 from lung cancer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 56], "content_span": [57, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068242-0017-0001", "contents": "1950s quiz show scandals, Aftermath, Hosts and producers\nNarz, who passed a lie-detector test at the time of the Dotto affair, had an extensive career as a game show host after the incident (which also allowed him to help his brother James, who later took on the name Tom Kennedy, break into the television business), retiring in 1982; he died in October 2008 after suffering two massive strokes. Sonny Fox, the original host of The $64,000 Challenge, left long before it could become tainted and became a popular children's host in the northeast, remembered best as the suave, genial host of the Sunday morning learn-and-laugh marathon Wonderama. (Fox later stated that his unintentional \"predilection for asking the answers\" was a factor in his decision to only rarely host game shows after the scandals.) Fox's replacement, Ralph Story, went on to become a newscaster for KNXT-TV/KCBS-TV in Los Angeles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 56], "content_span": [57, 906]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068242-0018-0000", "contents": "1950s quiz show scandals, Aftermath, Television\nThe quiz show scandals exhibited the necessity for an even stronger network control over programming and production. Quiz show scandals also justified and accelerated the growth of the networks' power over television advertisers concerning licensing, scheduling and sponsorship of programs. The networks claimed to be ignorant and victims of the quiz show scandals. The NBC president at the time stated, \"NBC was just as much a victim of the quiz show frauds as was the public.\" Quiz shows virtually disappeared from prime time American television for decades.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 47], "content_span": [48, 608]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068242-0018-0001", "contents": "1950s quiz show scandals, Aftermath, Television\nThose that continued to air had substantially reduced prizes and many shows adopted limits on the number of games a player could win (usually five, the number of programs that could make up one broadcast week). Quiz shows became game shows, shifting focus from knowledge to puzzles and word games. NBC's comedy/game show Jackpot Bowling and ABC's more serious Make That Spare! were the only big-money game shows still on television after the fallout.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 47], "content_span": [48, 498]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068242-0018-0002", "contents": "1950s quiz show scandals, Aftermath, Television\nProfessional bowlers competed for prizes on these shows and the shows were typically considered sporting programs rather than game shows; Jackpot Bowling was reformatted as a comedy show with Milton Berle as host to shift that show's emphasis in 1960. Those shows continued to air into the early 1960s. The original version of The Price Is Right and CBS's slate of low-budget panel games were largely unaffected by the collapse; those shows would continue to air on network television into the mid-1960s, with The Price Is Right still offering lavish prizes throughout its prime time run.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 47], "content_span": [48, 636]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068242-0019-0000", "contents": "1950s quiz show scandals, Aftermath, Television\nA quiz for big money would not return until ABC premiered 100 Grand in 1963; it went off the air after three shows, never awarding its top prize. Quiz shows still held a stigma throughout much of the 1960s, a stigma that was eventually eased by the success of the lower-stakes and fully legitimate answer-and-question game Jeopardy!.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 47], "content_span": [48, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068242-0019-0001", "contents": "1950s quiz show scandals, Aftermath, Television\nWhich with clue values featured a theoretical limit of $28,320 during the entire run of the original NBC Daytime series, and in theory a champion could win no more than $141,600 in five days, though in reality even the best contestants won less than $12,000 including tournament play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 47], "content_span": [48, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068242-0019-0002", "contents": "1950s quiz show scandals, Aftermath, Television\nIt would not be until the late 1960s that five-figure prizes would again be offered on American television, and not until the late 1970s that six-figure prizes could be won; seven-figure prizes were sparingly awarded on The $1,000,000 Chance of a Lifetime (which aired between 1986 and 1987), but would not be fully introduced until August 1999 when Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 47], "content_span": [48, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068242-0019-0003", "contents": "1950s quiz show scandals, Aftermath, Television\npremiered, setting off an era of million-dollar game shows including Greed (which premiered in November 1999), The Weakest Link (which premiered in April 2001) and Deal or No Deal (which premiered in December 2005 and became a regular series in March 2006). Australia's short-lived Million Dollar Wheel of Fortune format was adopted to the U.S. version in 2008, and Millionaire ultimately ended its run in syndication in May 2019 after seventeen seasons, after which a new ABC network season premiered in March 2020.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 47], "content_span": [48, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068242-0019-0004", "contents": "1950s quiz show scandals, Aftermath, Television\nABC limited a contestant's winnings to $30,000 (although contestants were retired after winning $20,000) before permanently removing the limit in 1984.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 47], "content_span": [48, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068242-0019-0005", "contents": "1950s quiz show scandals, Aftermath, Television\nCBS initially limited a contestant's winnings to $25,000 beginning in 1972; contestants were allowed to keep up to $10,000 in excess of this limit, which would increase to $50,000 in 1984 (after Michael Larson won $110,237 on Press Your Luck by memorizing the game board's light patterns; contestants were now allowed to keep up to $25,000 above that limit and the next one), $75,000 in 1986 (which did not apply to the short-lived Blackout in 1988 due to its maximum total winnings of $54,000) and $125,000 in 1990 (with no money being allowed above that limit) before being permanently eliminated by 2006, when contestants on the current incarnation of The Price Is Right won over $140,000 in both the first and final episodes of the season during Bob Barker's final season; the show has since offered a high-stakes $100,000 pricing game, prizes over $100,000 during themed weeks (Big Money and Dream Car) and has also offered $1,000,000 in primetime specials.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 47], "content_span": [48, 1010]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068242-0019-0006", "contents": "1950s quiz show scandals, Aftermath, Television\nNBC never utilized a winnings limit on any of its game shows but kept cash and prizes within a reasonable range that created a de facto limit (for instance until its 1989 NBC cancellation, Wheel of Fortune forced contestants to cash in their winnings per round on presented merchandise or apply it to a gift certificate or build their winnings for a later round at the risk of losing those winnings on penalties such as a \"Bankrupt\" spin). Some syndicated game shows also used a winnings limit: for example, contestants on Jeopardy!", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 47], "content_span": [48, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068242-0019-0007", "contents": "1950s quiz show scandals, Aftermath, Television\nwere limited to $75,000 in regular play between the start of its current incarnation in 1984 to 1990 (with any excess winnings being donated to a charity of the contestant's choice); after Frank Spangenberg set the winnings record with $102,597, the cap was raised to $100,000, and later to $200,000 in 1997 (before being abolished in 2001 after the clue values were doubled). Jeopardy! 's five-day champions limit was abolished in 2003, allowing for the show to create star contestants; since then, three contestants have won over $1,000,000 in regular play on the show\u2014Ken Jennings, James Holzhauer and Matt Amodio.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 47], "content_span": [48, 665]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068242-0020-0000", "contents": "1950s quiz show scandals, Aftermath, Television\nThe demise of the big-money quiz shows also gave rise to television's newest phenomenon: westerns. The disappearance of quiz shows, many of which were (apparent) demonstrations of highbrow intelligence and their replacement by dumbed-down game shows may have been one of many factors in the end of the Golden Age of Television; by 1960, numerous television critics were lamenting the rise of a vast wasteland of lowbrow television.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 47], "content_span": [48, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068242-0021-0000", "contents": "1950s quiz show scandals, Rigging in other countries, United Kingdom\nIn 1958, ITV pulled its version of Twenty-One almost immediately after contestant Stanley Armstrong claimed that he had been given \"definite leads\" to the answers. In 1960, this resulted in the Independent Television Authority's placement of a permanent winnings cap for ITV game shows of \u00a31,000, which the Independent Broadcasting Authority increased to \u00a36,000 in 1981 (though the British version of The $64,000 Question did receive special permission to offer \u00a36,400 when it premiered in 1990). The winnings cap was permanently eliminated by the IBA's successor organization, the Independent Television Commission in 1993.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 68], "content_span": [69, 693]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068242-0021-0001", "contents": "1950s quiz show scandals, Rigging in other countries, United Kingdom\nFor many decades, British game shows earned a reputation for being cheap, low-budget affairs that focused more on entertainment than actual game play and prizes, in large part because of the restrictions put on game shows following the scandal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 68], "content_span": [69, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068242-0021-0002", "contents": "1950s quiz show scandals, Rigging in other countries, United Kingdom\nIn addition to prize limits, games of chance were also largely forbidden, meaning that a number of American game shows could not be faithfully reproduced in the U.K. The lifting of these limits initially allowed more American shows to be adapted into British versions and within a few years, the rise of game shows with much higher prize limits \u2014 in particular Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? \u2014 would originate largely in the U.K. and make its way to the U.S. in the late 1990s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 68], "content_span": [69, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068243-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u20131951 Baghdad bombings\nThe 1950\u20131951 Baghdad bombings were a series of bombings of Jewish targets in Baghdad, Iraq, between April 1950 and June 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068243-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u20131951 Baghdad bombings\nThere is a controversy around the true identity and objective of the culprits behind the bombings, and the issue remains unresolved.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068243-0002-0000", "contents": "1950\u20131951 Baghdad bombings\nTwo activists in the Iraqi Zionist underground were found guilty by an Iraqi court for a number of the bombings, and were sentenced to death. Another was sentenced to life imprisonment and seventeen more were given long prison sentences. The allegations against Israeli agents had \"wide consensus\" amongst Iraqi Jews in Israel. Many of the Iraqi Jews in Israel who lived in poor conditions blamed their ills and misfortunes on the Israeli Zionist emissaries or Iraqi Zionist underground movement.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068243-0002-0001", "contents": "1950\u20131951 Baghdad bombings\nThe theory that \"certain Jews\" carried out the attacks \"in order to focus the attention of the Israel Government on the plight of the Jews\" was viewed as \"more plausible than most\" by the British Foreign Office. Telegrams between the Mossad agents in Baghdad and their superiors in Tel Aviv give the impression that neither group knew who was responsible for the attack.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068243-0003-0000", "contents": "1950\u20131951 Baghdad bombings\nIsraeli involvement has been consistently denied by the Israeli government, including by a Mossad-led internal inquiry, even following the 2005 admission of the Lavon affair.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068243-0004-0000", "contents": "1950\u20131951 Baghdad bombings\nThose who assign responsibility for the bombings to an Israeli or Iraqi Zionist underground movement suggest the motive was to encourage Iraqi Jews to immigrate to Israel, as part of the ongoing Operation Ezra and Nehemiah.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068243-0004-0001", "contents": "1950\u20131951 Baghdad bombings\nThose historians who have raised questions regarding the guilt of the convicted Iraqi Zionist agents with respect to the bombings note that by 13 January 1951, nearly 86,000 Jews had already registered to immigrate, and 23,000 had already left for Israel, that the British who were closely monitoring the Jewish street did not even mention the bombs of April and June 1950, nor were they mentioned in the Iraqi trials, meaning these were minor events.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068243-0004-0002", "contents": "1950\u20131951 Baghdad bombings\nThey have raised other possible culprits such as a nationalist Iraqi Christian army officer,  and those who have raised doubt regarding Israeli involvement claimed that it is highly unlikely the Israelis would have taken such measures to accelerate the Jewish evacuation given that they were already struggling to cope with the existing level of Jewish immigration.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068243-0005-0000", "contents": "1950\u20131951 Baghdad bombings, Background\nBefore the exodus of Jews to Israel, there were about 140,000 Iraqi Jews. Most lived in Baghdad, of which Jews made up a sixth of the city's population. High Jewish populations also existed in the towns of Basra and Mosul.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068243-0006-0000", "contents": "1950\u20131951 Baghdad bombings, Background\nIraqi Jews constitute one of the world's oldest and most historically significant Jewish communities. By 1936, there was an increased sense of insecurity among the Jews of Iraq. In 1941 after the government of pro-Nazi Rashid Ali was defeated, his soldiers and policemen, aided by the Arab mob, started the Farhud (\"violent dispossession\"). A government commission later reported that at least 180 Jews had been killed and 240 wounded, 586 Jewish businesses pillaged, and 99 Jewish homes burned. Jewish sources claimed much higher casualties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068243-0007-0000", "contents": "1950\u20131951 Baghdad bombings, Background\nIn the summer of 1948, following the declaration of the State of Israel, the Iraqi government declared Zionism a capital offense and fired Jews in government positions. In his autobiography, Sasson Somekh, a Baghdadi Jew, wrote:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068243-0008-0000", "contents": "1950\u20131951 Baghdad bombings, Background\nEmigration until 1946 or 1947 was infrequent, despite the growing feeling among Iraqi Jews that their days in the Land of the Two Rivers were numbered. By the time war broke out in Palestine in 1948, many civil servants had been dismissed from their governmental jobs. Commerce had declined considerably, and the memory of the Farhud, which had meanwhile faded, returned.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068243-0009-0000", "contents": "1950\u20131951 Baghdad bombings, Background\nAt this time, he writes, \"hundreds of Jews... were sentenced by military courts to long prison sentences for Zionist and Communist activity, both real and imagined. Some of the Baghdadi Jews who supported the Zionist movement began to steal across the border to Iran, from where they were flown to Israel.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068243-0010-0000", "contents": "1950\u20131951 Baghdad bombings, Background\nElie Kedourie writes that after the 1948 show trial of Shafiq Ades, a respected Jewish businessman, who was publicly hanged in Basra, Iraq Jews realized they were no longer under the protection of the law and there was little difference between the mob and Iraqi court justice.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068243-0011-0000", "contents": "1950\u20131951 Baghdad bombings, Background\nThe immigration to Israel was banned Since 1948, and by 1949, the Iraqi Zionist underground was smuggling Iraqi Jews out of the country at the rate of 1,000 a month. In March 1950, Iraq passed a law which temporarily allowed immigration to Israel, limited to one year only, and stripping Jews who emigrated of their Iraqi citizenship. The law was motivated by economic considerations (the property of departing Jews reverted to the state treasury) and a sense that Jews were a potentially troublesome minority that the country would be better off without.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 594]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068243-0011-0001", "contents": "1950\u20131951 Baghdad bombings, Background\nAt first, few would register, as the Zionist movement suggested they not do so until property issues had been clarified. After mounting pressure from both Jews and the Government, the movement relented and agreed to registrations. Israel was initially reluctant to absorb so many immigrants, (Hillel, 1987) but in March 1951 organized Operation Ezra and Nehemiah, an airlift to Israel, and sent in emissaries to encourage Jews to leave.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068243-0012-0000", "contents": "1950\u20131951 Baghdad bombings, Background\nIn April 1950, an activist of Mossad LeAliyah Bet, Shlomo Hillel, using the alias Richard Armstrong, flew from Amsterdam to Baghdad as a representative of the American charter company Near East Air Transport, to organize an airlift of Iraq Jews to Israel via Cyprus. Earlier, Hillel had trained Zionist militants in Baghdad under the alias Fuad Salah. Near East Air Transport was owned by the Jewish Agency. The first flight of \"Near east airlines\" with immigrating Iraqi Jews arrived at Israel on 20 May 1950, when 46000 Jews already registered under the De-naturalization law.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 617]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068243-0013-0000", "contents": "1950\u20131951 Baghdad bombings, Background\nIsrael could not cope with so many immigrants and limited the rate of the flights from Iraq. by early January 1951, the number of Jews who registered to leave was up to 86,000, only about 23,000 of whom had left.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068243-0014-0000", "contents": "1950\u20131951 Baghdad bombings, Background\nAccording to Adam Shatz, the Mossad had been promoting Jewish emigration since 1941 and used stories of Jewish mistreatment to encourage the Jews to leave. Nuri al-Said had warned the Jewish community of Baghdad to accelerate their flights out of the country, otherwise, he would take the Jews to the Borders himself. Nuri al-Said's threats encouraged Iraqi officials to abuse the departing Jews before they boarded the planes and to destroy their baggage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068243-0015-0000", "contents": "1950\u20131951 Baghdad bombings, Bombing incidents\nAccording to the Baghdad police who gave evidence at the trial, the weapon used was a British-made World War II hand grenade \"No. 36\". Between April 1950.-June 1951 several explosions had occurred in Baghdad:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 45], "content_span": [46, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068243-0016-0000", "contents": "1950\u20131951 Baghdad bombings, Trial\nThe pro-Western Iraqi government of Faisal II and Nuri al-Said prosecuted the alleged Jewish perpetrators in court, in a trial which began in October 1951. Two confirmed activists in the Zionist underground, Shalom Salah Shalom, a 19-year-old weapons expert, and Yosef Ibrahim Basri, a lawyer active in collecting intelligence material, were executed after being convicted of the bombings. Whilst their involvement in the underground movement and holdings of weapons caches were not disputed, both denied involvement in the bombings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 33], "content_span": [34, 567]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068243-0016-0001", "contents": "1950\u20131951 Baghdad bombings, Trial\nSalah's testimony under torture indirectly allowed the Iraqi police to find large weapons caches of the Zionist underground in three synagogues (Mas'uda Shemtov, Hakham Haskal and Meir Tuweik) and in private homes, including 436 hand-grenades, 33 machine-guns, 97 machine-gun cartridges, 186 pistols. Shlomo Hillel, also once a member of the Iraqi Zionist underground, noted that the last words of the executed defendants were \"Long live the State of Israel\". The British Foreign Office noted in a file note \"Trial of Jews at Baghdad, 20 December 1951\" that they had \"no reason to suppose that the trials were conducted in anything but a normal manner\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 33], "content_span": [34, 687]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068243-0017-0000", "contents": "1950\u20131951 Baghdad bombings, Trial\nBaghdad police officers who gave evidence at the trial appear to have been convinced that the crimes were committed by Jewish agents, claiming that \"anyone studying the affair closely will see that the perpetrator did not intend to cause loss of life among the Jews\" and that each grenade was \"thrown in non-central locations and there was no intention to kill or injure a certain person\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 33], "content_span": [34, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068243-0018-0000", "contents": "1950\u20131951 Baghdad bombings, Trial\nHistorian Esther Meir-Glitzenstein, in her book, Zionism in an Arab Country: Jews in Iraq in the 1940s states that the charges in the Iraqi trial were \"groundless for several reasons,\" because many thousands of Iraqi Jews had already registered to leave by the time of the later bombings, and the charges related only to these later bombings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 33], "content_span": [34, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068243-0019-0000", "contents": "1950\u20131951 Baghdad bombings, Responsibility for the bombings\nThere has been debate over whether the bombs were in fact planted by the Mossad or the Iraqi Zionist underground in order to encourage Iraqi Jews to immigrate to the newly created state of Israel or whether they were the work of Arab anti-Jewish extremists in Iraq. The issue has been the subject of lawsuits and inquiries in Israel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 59], "content_span": [60, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068243-0020-0000", "contents": "1950\u20131951 Baghdad bombings, Responsibility for the bombings\nThe true identity and objective of the culprits behind the bombings has been the subject of controversy. A secret Israeli inquiry in 1960 found no evidence that they were ordered by Israel or any motive that would have explained the attack, though it did find out that most of the witnesses believed that Jews had been responsible for the bombings. The issue remains unresolved: Iraqi activists still regularly charge that Israel used violence to engineer the exodus, while Israeli officials of the time vehemently deny it. Historian Moshe Gat reports that \"the belief that the bombs had been thrown by Zionist agents was shared by those Iraqi Jews who had just reached Israel\". Sociologist Phillip Mendes backs Gat's claims, and further attributes the allegations to have been influenced and distorted by feelings of discrimination.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 59], "content_span": [60, 893]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068243-0021-0000", "contents": "1950\u20131951 Baghdad bombings, Responsibility for the bombings, Claims for Israeli or Iraqi Zionist involvement\nHistorian Abbas Shiblak, Iraqi Jew Naeim Giladi and CIA agent Wilbur Crane Eveland have argued that Jews were involved in the bombings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 108], "content_span": [109, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068243-0022-0000", "contents": "1950\u20131951 Baghdad bombings, Responsibility for the bombings, Claims for Israeli or Iraqi Zionist involvement\nIn 1949, Zionist emissary Yudka Rabinowitz complained that the complacency of the Iraqi Jews was \"hampering our existence\" and proposed to the Mossad \"throwing several hand-grenades for intimidation into cafes with a largely Jewish clientele, as well as leaflets threatening the Jews and demanding their expulsion from Berman\", using the code name for Iraq. The Mossad forbade him to conduct negotiations about or carry out any acts of terror, an order which he reported that he had \"confirmed and accepted\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 108], "content_span": [109, 617]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068243-0023-0000", "contents": "1950\u20131951 Baghdad bombings, Responsibility for the bombings, Claims for Israeli or Iraqi Zionist involvement\nAccording to Moshe Gat, as well as Meir-Glitzenstein, Samuel Klausner, Rayyan Al-Shawaf and Yehouda Shenhav, there is \"wide consensus among Iraqi Jews that the emissaries threw the bombs in order to hasten the Jews' departure from Iraq\". Shenhav noted an Israeli Foreign Ministry memo which stated that Iraqi Jews reacted to the hangings of Salah and Basri with the attitude: \"That is God's revenge on the movement that brought us to such depths.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 108], "content_span": [109, 556]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068243-0024-0000", "contents": "1950\u20131951 Baghdad bombings, Responsibility for the bombings, Claims for Israeli or Iraqi Zionist involvement\nThe British Embassy in Baghdad assessed that the bombings were carried out by Zionist activists trying to highlight the danger to Iraqi Jews, in order influence the State of Israel to accelerate the pace of Jewish emigration. Another possible explanation offered by the embassy was that bombs were meant to change the minds of well-off Jews who wished to stay in Iraq.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 108], "content_span": [109, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068243-0025-0000", "contents": "1950\u20131951 Baghdad bombings, Responsibility for the bombings, Claims for Israeli or Iraqi Zionist involvement\nIn a 1954 operation by Israeli military intelligence, known as the Lavon Affair after the defence minister Pinchas Lavon, a group of Zionist Egyptian Jews attempted to plant bombs in a US Information Service library, and in a number of American targets in Cairo and Alexandria.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 108], "content_span": [109, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068243-0025-0001", "contents": "1950\u20131951 Baghdad bombings, Responsibility for the bombings, Claims for Israeli or Iraqi Zionist involvement\nAccording to Teveth, they were hoping that the Muslim Brotherhood, the Communists, 'unspecified malcontents' or 'local nationalists' would be blamed for their actions and this would undermine Western confidence in the existing Egyptian regime by generating public insecurity and actions to bring about arrests, demonstrations, and acts of revenge, while totally concealing the Israeli factor. The operation failed, the perpetrators were arrested by Egyptian police and brought to justice, two were sentenced to death, several to long term imprisonment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 108], "content_span": [109, 661]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068243-0026-0000", "contents": "1950\u20131951 Baghdad bombings, Responsibility for the bombings, Claims for Israeli or Iraqi Zionist involvement\nThe Israeli government has denied any link to the Baghdad bombings, and blamed Iraqi nationalists for the attacks on the Iraqi Jews. However, according to Shalom Cohen, when the Lavon affair broke in Israel, Lavon remarked, \"This method of operating was not invented for Egypt. It was tried before in Iraq.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 108], "content_span": [109, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068243-0027-0000", "contents": "1950\u20131951 Baghdad bombings, Responsibility for the bombings, Claims for Israeli or Iraqi Zionist involvement\nThe Iraqi Jewish anti-Zionist author Naeim Giladi maintains that the bombings were \"perpetrated by Zionist agents in order to cause fear amongst the Jews, and so promote their exodus to Israel.\" This theory is shared by Uri Avnery, who wrote in My friend, the enemy that \"After the disclosure of the Lavon Affair... the Baghdad affair became more plausible\" and Marion Wolfsohn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 108], "content_span": [109, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068243-0028-0000", "contents": "1950\u20131951 Baghdad bombings, Responsibility for the bombings, Claims for Israeli or Iraqi Zionist involvement\nPalestinian historian Abbas Shiblak believes that the attacks were committed by Zionist activists and that the attacks were the pre-eminent reason for the subsequent exodus of Iraqi Jews to Israel. Shiblak also argues that the attacks were an attempt to sour Iraq-American relations, saying \"The March 1951 attack on the US Information Centre was probably an attempt to portray the Iraqis as anti-American and to gain more support for the Zionist cause in the United States\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 108], "content_span": [109, 584]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068243-0029-0000", "contents": "1950\u20131951 Baghdad bombings, Responsibility for the bombings, Claims for Israeli or Iraqi Zionist involvement\nAccording to Gat, Avnery wrote \"without checking the facts...Marion Woolfson ... goes on to distort the dates of the explosions and the number of registrees, in order to prove her contention...Avnery\u2019s article and Marion Woolfson\u2019s book served as the basis for the arguments of the Palestinian author Abbas Shiblak\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 108], "content_span": [109, 425]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068243-0030-0000", "contents": "1950\u20131951 Baghdad bombings, Responsibility for the bombings, Claims for Israeli or Iraqi Zionist involvement\nGiladi claims that it is also supported by Wilbur Crane Eveland, a former senior officer in the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), in his book Ropes of Sand. According to Eveland, whose information was presumably based on the Iraqi official investigation, which was shared with the US embassy, \"In an attempt to portray the Iraqis as anti-American and to terrorize the Jews, the Zionists planted bombs in the U.S. Information Service library and in the synagogues. Soon leaflets began to appear urging Jews to flee to Israel... most of the world believed reports that Arab terrorism had motivated the flight of the Iraqi Jews whom the Zionists had 'rescued' really just in order to increase Israel\u2019s Jewish population.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 108], "content_span": [109, 828]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068243-0031-0000", "contents": "1950\u20131951 Baghdad bombings, Responsibility for the bombings, Claims for Israeli or Iraqi Zionist involvement\nShimon Mendes wrote in Ha'aretz that: \"Someone had to act, and he took the appropriate action at the right time. For only an act like the explosions would have brought them to Israel. Anyone who understood politics and developments in Israel was long aware of that.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 108], "content_span": [109, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068243-0032-0000", "contents": "1950\u20131951 Baghdad bombings, Responsibility for the bombings, Claims for Israeli or Iraqi Zionist involvement\nYehuda Tajar, who spent ten years in Iraqi prison for his alleged involvement in the bombings, was interviewed in Arthur Neslen's 2006 book \"Occupied Minds\". According to Tajar, the widow of one of the Jewish activists, Yosef Beit-Halahmi, implied he had organized attacks after his colleagues were arrested for the Masuda Shemtov synagogue bombing, to prove that those on trial were not the perpetrators.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 108], "content_span": [109, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068243-0033-0000", "contents": "1950\u20131951 Baghdad bombings, Responsibility for the bombings, Claims of no Israeli involvement, Moshe Gat's analysis\nAccording to historian Moshe Gat, \"not only did Israeli emissaries not place the bombs at the locations cited in the Iraqi statement, but also that there was in fact no need to take such drastic action in order to urge the Jews to leave Iraq for Israel\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 115], "content_span": [116, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068243-0034-0000", "contents": "1950\u20131951 Baghdad bombings, Responsibility for the bombings, Claims of no Israeli involvement, Moshe Gat's analysis\nGat suggests the perpetrators could have been members of the anti-Jewish Istiqlal Party. Yehuda Tajar, one of the alleged bombers, said the bombing were carried out by the Muslim Brotherhood.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 115], "content_span": [116, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068243-0035-0000", "contents": "1950\u20131951 Baghdad bombings, Responsibility for the bombings, Claims of no Israeli involvement, Moshe Gat's analysis\nAccording to Gat, \"The British Foreign Office, which could hardly be suspected of proZionist tendencies, never stated explicitly that it was the defendants who had thrown the bombs\" and \"US Embassy reports also cast considerable doubt as to whether the two men convicted were in fact guilty of throwing the bombs. \".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 115], "content_span": [116, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068243-0036-0000", "contents": "1950\u20131951 Baghdad bombings, Responsibility for the bombings, Claims of no Israeli involvement, Other claims of no Israeli involvement\nMordechai Ben Porat, founder and chair of the Babylonian Jewry Heritage Center, who was coordinating Jewish emigration at the time, was accused of orchestrating a bombing campaign to speed up the Jewish exodus from Iraq by Israeli journalist Baruch Nadel in 1977. Ben Porat sued the journalist for libel, ending in an out-of-court compromise, where Nadel retracted all the accusations against the Israeli emissaries, and apologized", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 133], "content_span": [134, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068243-0037-0000", "contents": "1950\u20131951 Baghdad bombings, Responsibility for the bombings, Claims of no Israeli involvement, Other claims of no Israeli involvement\nIn his 1996 book \"To Baghdad and Back,\" Ben-Porat published the full report of a 1960 investigation committee appointed by David Ben-Gurion, which \"did not find any factual proof that the bombs were hurled by any Jewish organization or individual\" and was \"convinced that no entity in Israel gave an order to perpetrate such acts of sabotage.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 133], "content_span": [134, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068243-0038-0000", "contents": "1950\u20131951 Baghdad bombings, Effects on Iraqi Jewish emigration\nIn March 1950 the government of Iraq passed the Denaturalisation Act that allowed Jews to emigrate if they renounced their Iraqi citizenship. Iraqi prime minister Tawfiq al-Suwaidi expected that 7,000\u201310,000 Jews out of the Iraqi Jewish population of 125,000 would leave. A few thousand Jews registered for the offer before the first bombing occurred. The first bombing occurred on the last day of Passover, 8 April 1950. Panic in the Jewish community ensued and many more Jews registered to leave Iraq.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 62], "content_span": [63, 566]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068243-0038-0001", "contents": "1950\u20131951 Baghdad bombings, Effects on Iraqi Jewish emigration\nThe law expired in March 1951 but was extended after the Iraqi government froze the assets of departing Jews, including those who had already left. Between the first and last bombing almost the entire Jewish community bar a few thousand had registered to leave the country. The emigration of Jews was also due to the deteriorating status of Jews in Iraq since the 1948 Arab-Israeli war as they were suspected of being disloyal to Iraq. They were treated with threats, suspicion and physical assaults and were portrayed by the media as a fifth column.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 62], "content_span": [63, 613]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068243-0038-0002", "contents": "1950\u20131951 Baghdad bombings, Effects on Iraqi Jewish emigration\nBy 1953, nearly all Jews had left the country. In his memoir of Jewish life in Baghdad, Sasson Somekh writes: \"The pace of registration for the citizenship waiver was slow in the beginning, but it increased as tensions rose between Jews and their neighbors and after acts of terror were perpetrated against Jewish businesses and institutions \u2013 especially the Mas'uda Shem-Tov Synagogue... This was the place to which emigrating citizens were required to report with their luggage before leaving for Israel.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 62], "content_span": [63, 570]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068244-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 1re s\u00e9rie season\nThe 1950\u201351 1re s\u00e9rie season was the 30th season of the 1re s\u00e9rie, the top level of ice hockey in France. Five teams participated in the league, and Racing Club de France won their second championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068245-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 A.C. Milan season\nDuring 1950-51 season Associazione Calcio Milan competed in Serie A and Latin Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068245-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 A.C. Milan season, Summary\nIn season 1950-1951 Milan conquered the title of Italian champion (from 1925 also known as scudetto) after 44 years. In effective number of championships were 36 due to 1908 season the club not playing in, and suspended seasons during World Wars (1915-1919 and 1943-1945). The rossoneri did not win any trophy since 1918: Coppa Mauro (a non-competitive Inter-War tournament ) that means a long period of 33 years. This league was the first title since 1929-1930 season when it was introduced the sole group competition format.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 34], "content_span": [35, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068245-0002-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 A.C. Milan season, Summary\nCrutial to clinch this trophy was the three swedish players known as Gre-No-Li introduced to the calcio last season. Also important were the captain Andrea Bonomi, goalkeeper Lorenzo Buffon, Arturo Silvestri (arrived in the summer from Modena), Carlo Annovazzi, Omero Tognon, Benigno De Grandi, Renzo Burini and Mario Renosto. The manager was Lajos Czeizler supported by technical director Antonio Busini. The team started the tournament with 6 wins in a row. The rossoneri competed hardly against Juventus and Inter (Neroazzurri defeated the club the first derby of the season ) in an incredible offensive season where Milan, Juventus and Inter scored more than 100 goals the rossoneri finally won the championship thanks to lost only 4 games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 34], "content_span": [35, 779]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068245-0003-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 A.C. Milan season, Summary\nAlso, in June 1951 the club won the Latin Cup, the most important competition in Europe. In semifinals the Diavoli won 4-1 against Atl\u00e9tico Madrid thanks to a hat-trick of Renosto and 1 goal of Nordahl. In Final against Lille the team won 5-0 with a hat-trick of Nordahl included and two goals of Burini and Annovazzi. Milan won its first international trophy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 34], "content_span": [35, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068245-0004-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 A.C. Milan season, Squad\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 32], "content_span": [33, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068246-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 AHL season\nThe 1950\u201351 AHL season was the 15th season of the American Hockey League. Ten teams were scheduled to play 70 games each, however the New Haven Eagles folded midseason. The Cleveland Barons won their eighth F. G. \"Teddy\" Oke Trophy as West Division champions, and their fifth Calder Cup as league champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068246-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 AHL season, Final standings\nNote: GP = Games played; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; GF = Goals for; GA = Goals against; Pts = Points;", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 35], "content_span": [36, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068246-0002-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 AHL season, Scoring leaders\nNote: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; PIM = Penalty minutes", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 35], "content_span": [36, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068247-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Aberdeen F.C. season\nThe 1950\u201351 season was Aberdeen's 39th season in the top flight of Scottish football and their 41st season overall. Aberdeen competed in the Scottish League Division One, Scottish League Cup, and the Scottish Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068248-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Al Ahly SC season\nIn the 1950\u201351 season, Al Ahly won the double, by winning the league for the third consecutive time despite the strong competition with Zamalek, Then the Red Giants completed the double with a difficult victory in the Egyptian Cup final against El Sekka El Hadid.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068248-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Al Ahly SC season, Competitions, Egyptian Premier League, League table\n(C)= Champions, Pld = Matches played; W = Matches won; D = Matches drawn; L = Matches lost; F = Goals for; A = Goals against; \u00b1 = Goal difference; Pts = Points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 78], "content_span": [79, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068249-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Allsvenskan, Overview\nThe league was contested by 12 teams, with Malm\u00f6 FF winning the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 29], "content_span": [30, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068250-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Allsvenskan (men's handball)\nThe 1950\u201351 Allsvenskan was the 17th season of the top division of Swedish handball. 10 teams competed in the league. \u00d6rebro SK won the league, but the title of Swedish Champions was awarded to the winner of Svenska m\u00e4sterskapet. V\u00e4ster\u00e5s IK and IFK Malm\u00f6 were relegated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068251-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 American Soccer League\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Frietjes (talk | contribs) at 15:03, 14 March 2020. The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068252-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Arsenal F.C. season\nThe 1950\u201351 season was Arsenal's 31st consecutive season in the top division of English football.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068252-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Arsenal F.C. season, Results, FA Cup\nArsenal entered the FA Cup in the third round, in which they were drawn to face Carlisle United.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 44], "content_span": [45, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series\nThe 1950\u201351 Ashes series consisted of five cricket Test matches, each of six days with five hours play each day and eight ball overs. It formed part of the MCC tour of Australia in 1950\u201351 and the matches outside the Tests were played in the name of the Marylebone Cricket Club. The England team under the captaincy of the big-hearted all-rounder Freddie Brown was regarded as the weakest sent to Australia and \"without Bedser and Hutton, England would have been little better than a club side\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 516]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0000-0001", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series\nFew gave them a chance of regaining the Ashes and they lost the series 4\u20131 to Lindsay Hassett's Australian team, which had far greater reserves of talent. In the Fifth and final Test England beat Australia for the first time since 1938 and ended their unbeaten run of 14 Tests against England, 26 Tests against all teams and 96 games in all cricket since the Second World War. After this victory England would defeat Australia in 1953, 1954\u201355 and 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series\nIt was a great all round team effort from the Australians; the captain Lindsay Hassett made 366 runs (40.66), Neil Harvey 362 runs (40.22), Keith Miller 350 runs (43.75) and Jim Burke 125 runs (41.66). The fast bowler Ray Lindwall took 15 wickets (22.93), his new-ball partner Keith Miller 17 wickets (17.70), Bill Johnston 22 wickets (19.18) and the mystery spin of Jack Iverson 21 wickets (15.23) in his only Test series. This was the first Ashes series to be played since the retirement of Don Bradman and it saw the debut of Ken Archer, Jim Burke, Graeme Hole and Jack Iverson for Australia and John Warr and Roy Tattersall for England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 661]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0002-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series\nDespite their defeat it was two English players who dominated the series; Len Hutton \"a Titan among the minnows\" made 533 runs (88.83) with an average double that of any other batsman, English or Australian. Alec Bedser took 30 wickets (16.06) and began his dominance of Australian batsmen that would continue into 1953, when he and Hutton would be instrumental in regaining the Ashes for England. The forty-year-old Freddie Brown had a successful series and won considerable popularity with his jovial determination to fight on regardless of the odds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0002-0001", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series\nGiven the close results in the First and Second Tests it is possible that England could have won had Bill Edrich or Jim Laker been brought over, or Denis Compton had been fully fit. The Middlesex strokemaker had a chequered tour, averaging 7.57 in the Tests and 92.11 in his other First Class matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0003-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, Preliminaries\nThe First Test between Australia and England is played nowadays at Brisbane. Nobody seems to know why, and all sorts of arguments are ventilated for and against more cricket Tests on the Woolloongabba ground. I am all in favour of robbing Queensland of its greatest cricketing occasion, for the ground depresses. It is not a cricket ground at all. It is a concentration camp! Wire fences abound. Spectators are herded and sorted out into lots as though for all the world this was a slave market and not a game of cricket.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 58], "content_span": [59, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0003-0001", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, Preliminaries\nThe stands are of wood and filthy to sit on. The dining rooms are barns, without a touch of colour or a picture on the wall. Everywhere there is dust and dirt... The field is rough, although the wicket is usually a good one until it rains. Then it is a strip of turf with thousands of demons prancing up and down...at Brisbane only a Hutton could stay, let alone score runs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 58], "content_span": [59, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0004-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, Preliminaries\nSelection of the Australian team would seem to be a simple process as eight of its members were highly talented cricketers who almost picked themselves; Lindsay Hassett, Arthur Morris, Neil Harvey, Don Tallon, Keith Miller, Ray Lindwall, Ian Johnson, and Bill Johnston. Don Tallon replaced Ron Saggers who had kept wicket on the tour of South Africa in 1949\u201350, which Tallon had missed. Ray Lindwall had been dropped for the last Test in South Africa, his form suffering from a series of ailments, but was recalled to the team to replace Geff Noblet.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 58], "content_span": [59, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0004-0001", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, Preliminaries\nBatsmen Jack Moroney and Sam Loxton kept their places, but leg-spinner Colin McCool was replaced by the 35-year-old debutant mystery spinner Jack Iverson. The task for the England tour selectors was not quite so easy. The managers Brigadier Michael Green and John Nash, captain Freddie Brown, vice-captain Denis Compton and senior professional Len Hutton kept most of the team from the Fourth and final Test against the West Indies in 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 58], "content_span": [59, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0004-0002", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, Preliminaries\nThis was not the best recommendation as they had lost the series 3\u20131 and the last Test by an innings even though Hutton carried his bat for 202 out of 344. Freddie Brown, Denis Compton, Len Hutton, Reg Simpson, John Dewes, Trevor Bailey, Arthur McIntyre, Alec Bedser, Doug Wright all stayed, but the young opener David Sheppard was replaced by veteran Cyril Washbrook and Godfrey Evans returned as wicket-keeper. Apart from Hutton, Washbrook, Compton and Simpson the batsmen were not in fine form.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 58], "content_span": [59, 556]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0004-0003", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, Preliminaries\nDewes was chosen after he had made a gritty 117 against Queensland in the last tour match before the Test. The reserve wicket-keeper Arthur McIntyre was in the team for his batting and as Brown's Cows were desperately short of good fielders and McIntyre had a good throwing arm. While the crowd was waiting for the captains to come out and toss a dapper little man came out and inspected the pitch and he passed by the spectators completely unnoticed. It was the Test selector Sir Donald Bradman, such is fame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 58], "content_span": [59, 569]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0004-0004", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, Preliminaries\nKeith Miller had recently made a slow 201 not out against Queensland on the flat Woolloongabba pitch and predicted that the Test would be \"the dullest in history\". Lindsay Hassett won the toss (as he would 9 times out of 10 in Ashes Tests) and although the Woolloongabba Ground had a reputation as \"result\" wicket it looked plumb and he batted without hesitation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 58], "content_span": [59, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0005-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, Australia \u2013 First Innings\nSeldom has an England cricket team gone into the field with the odds greater against them than did the side under Freddie Brown's command at Brisbane on the first day of December 1950. The tour had up to that date been one long succession of inglorious displays that had riled the critics without exception...it was no exaggeration to state that before the game began not one man in the crowd of 13,000 was prepared for the shocks that followed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 70], "content_span": [71, 516]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0006-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, Australia \u2013 First Innings\nBrown called his team together the night before the Test began. His first words were \"Chaps, you have got to get stuck into this with me. I have not lost faith. We can win if we go out there to-morrow and get stuck right into it.\" He told them that he knew they had not produced their English form. He told them that their batting, bowling, fielding and catching were too often just too bad to be true. Chosen, as they were, to represent their country, they obviously could do better. Brown's told them just what he thought of everything. He finished by saying that if they went on to the field on the morrow with confidence in themselves, they could do the job.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 70], "content_span": [71, 733]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0007-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, Australia \u2013 First Innings\nOne of the good points about the tour so far had been the rise of Trevor Bailey as new ball partner for Alec Bedser. He bowled the first over, but mistimed his run up for the first ball and had to walk back and start again, swinging his fourth ball to tickle the edge of Jack Moroney's bat and send it to Len Hutton at fine leg for a duck.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 70], "content_span": [71, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0008-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, Australia \u2013 First Innings\nNeil Harvey joined Arthur Morris and they took the score to 66/1 by lunch, though Morris constantly played and missed at Bedser's in-swingers and made only 24 runs to 38 by the more fluent Harvey. Doug Wright (1/81) came on to bowl a typical over with two long hops, which Harvey cracked into the square-leg fence, but the first ball of the next had him groping at a googly that turned so fiercely that it missed both bat and stumps, \"a real pearl that morally bowled Harvey all the way\". The following ball had Wright appealing for lbw, but it was turned down as it turned so much that it would have missed the stumps.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 70], "content_span": [71, 690]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0009-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, Australia \u2013 First Innings\nReturning after the break Bedser dismissed the labouring Morris lbw to bring Keith Miller on at 69/2. England's fielding had dramatically improved over its reputation on tour \u2013 Bedser had bowled seven eight ball overs for 6 runs \u2013 but these two strokemakers increased the run rate much to the joy of the crowd. Miller hit a typical Doug Wright over for 12 as he served up a mixture of full tosses, long hops, googlies, fierce leg-breaks and cunningly flighted balls.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 70], "content_span": [71, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0009-0001", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, Australia \u2013 First Innings\nHarvey's 50 with 6 boundaries brought a cheer from the crowd, and he hit 3 more, a cover-drive and a pull off Bedser and dancing three steps down the wicket to hit Wright to the sightscreen. The Kent spinner returned to the wicket with his hop, skip and a jump and bowled a googly that Miller mishit it to a surprised Arthur McIntyre at short mid-on to have him out for 15.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 70], "content_span": [71, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0010-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, Australia \u2013 First Innings\nLindsay Hassett was almost out first ball to Bedser, but a difficult chance was missed by Denis Compton and the Australian captain took a single. Bedser then bowled one of his rare out-swingers to Neil Harvey, Godfrey Evans taking the catch and whipping off the bails to have the Victorian left-hander caught and stumped, but the bowler's umpire responded first and Harvey was \"c. Evans b. Bedser\" for 74.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 70], "content_span": [71, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0011-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, Australia \u2013 First Innings\nHassett did not survive long, his off-stump was knocked over by a Bedser \"special\" and from 116/2 Australia had collapsed to 129/5. Freddie Brown came on the relieve Bedser and Evans took another great catch to remove Loxton (24), though Ray Lindwall (41) saw Australia to tea for 166/6.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 70], "content_span": [71, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0012-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, Australia \u2013 First Innings\nBrown (2/63) continued after the break, mixing up his medium-paced seamers with leg-spin to have the out of form Australian wicket-keeper Don Tallon caught by Reg Simpson on the square leg boundary at 172/7.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 70], "content_span": [71, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0013-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, Australia \u2013 First Innings\nLindwall and Ian Johnson held things up for three-quarters of an hour while adding 47 before Bailey (3/28) took the new ball. Simpson caught Johnson off Bailey and Bedser took Lindwall to give Bailey his third wicket.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 70], "content_span": [71, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0014-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, Australia \u2013 First Innings\nBedser was brought back on and Bill Johnston flipped him over the slips to the boundary. As he came to a halt half way down the pitch he stopped to chat with Alec while Iverson completed two runs. Only now did Johnston realise that Reg Simpson had stopped the ball and was throwing it in to Evans. He ran back towards his crease running like a duck trying to take off from water alongside Iverson making his third run. Johnston got home, Iverson stopped two yards short to turn back to the bowler's end, but Evans missed the bowler's stumps and he was safe.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 70], "content_span": [71, 628]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0015-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, Australia \u2013 First Innings\nAfter this comedy routine Bedser (4/45) had Bill Johnston caught by Hutton in the slips to dismiss Australia for 228 ten minutes before stumps, the last 4 wickets falling for just 9 runs. This low score after Australia had chosen to bat on a good wicket was a coup for the touring team, whose performance surprised everyone, it now only remained to see how well their batsmen could perform.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 70], "content_span": [71, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0016-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, England \u2013 First Innings\n...the ball proceeded to perform capers all against the laws of gravitation, and there came the craziest day's cricket imaginable, with twenty wickets falling for 130 runs and two declarations that must surely be unique in the annuals of Test cricket.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 68], "content_span": [69, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0017-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, England \u2013 First Innings\nOn the recommendation of an MCC committee member in Australia the tour selectors had decided to demote Len Hutton \u2013 the best opener in the world \u2013 to bat at number 5 so that he could stiffen the fragile lower order. This was possible as they had two other openers in Cyril Washbrook and Reg Simpson and Hutton declined to object as he was outvoted and did not want to appear obstinate. The two new openers went out to the middle on the first day, but Simpson successfully appealed for bad light and no ball was bowled.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 68], "content_span": [69, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0017-0001", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, England \u2013 First Innings\nIt rained on the Saturday morning and though it dried out on the rest day that followed more rain poured down overnight and play was suspended until the Monday afternoon. Keith Miller and Denis Compton took advantage of the situation by going to the local horse racing track, ringing the ground to check when play was to resume and dashing back just in time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 68], "content_span": [69, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0018-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, England \u2013 First Innings\nAlthough other First Class games had their pitches covered they were not for Test matches \u2013 a ruling that would change as a result of what was to follow. The pitch was reduced to a \"mudheap\", \"sticky dog\" or \"glue-pot\" so beloved by purists as only a batsman with classic technique could hope to play on it, in other words Len Hutton. The roller reduced the effects of the rain and Simpson (12) and Washbrook (19) added 28 for the first wicket while the going was good.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 68], "content_span": [69, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0019-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, England \u2013 First Innings\nThe wicket-keeper Godfrey Evans (16) was brought in as a \"daywatchman\" while the pitch dried out to normality. Ray Lindwall bowled only one over before being taken off and Keith Miller (2/29) and Bill Johnston (5/35) were brought on by Hassett to exploit the conditions with their part-time spin as England collapsed from 49/1 to 67/7 as good length balls leapt chest-high, shot along the ground, turned and straightened.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 68], "content_span": [69, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0020-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, England \u2013 First Innings\nBrown declared on 68/7, 160 runs behind, a move without precedent in Test cricket, but the England captain wanted to get the Australians onto the pitch before it dried out and became inhabitable. With hindsight he should have delayed as Hutton was still 8 not out and could have added some runs. As it was England was forced to bat again before stumps, but few captains anticipate getting Australia 32/7.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 68], "content_span": [69, 473]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0021-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, Australia \u2013 Second Innings\n...the ball hit first a thigh, then a chest. Sometimes it would go over the batsman\u2019s head, and whenever it came through at a playable height one of the many pairs of snatching hands in the leg trap took a catch that spelled doom first to Morris, then Loxton and finally Harvey. Miller, Moroney, Ian Johnson and Hassett preferred to thrust their legs in the way and found the umpire in league with the opposition on this afternoon of \"crazy\" cricket. '\u2019", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 71], "content_span": [72, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0022-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, Australia \u2013 Second Innings\nIf the English batsmen had struggled the Australians completely floundered. Jack Moroney, Arthur Morris and Sam Loxton were out for ducks and Australia were 0/3 in a matter of minutes as Trevor Bailey took his new best Test figures of 4/22 and Alec Bedser 3/9. This was the worst start to a Test innings until Alec Bedser and Fred Trueman reduced India to 0/4 at Headingley in 1952. Neil Harvey top-scored with 12, but the only runs came from the edge of the bat and after an hour Hassett gave up and declared on 32/7, leaving England 193 to win. This was a gamble as although there was still time to take quick wickets the pitch might recover the next day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 71], "content_span": [72, 729]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0023-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, England \u2013 Second Innings\nAt Brisbane, on a wicket that was the worst that I have ever seen, the Yorkshireman was superb. The head-high bouncer was safely ignored. The chest-high deliveries of both the pace men and the spinners were played safely to the ground, out of the way of the many grasping hands in the leg-trap, and Hutton's display was a perfect lesson in the art of batsmanship...that will long remain in my memory, being by far the best innings I have ever seen played.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 69], "content_span": [70, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0024-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, England \u2013 Second Innings\nThe batting captain is allowed seven minutes of rolling before his innings and Freddie Brown asked for the heavy roller to press down the wicket and take some of the demons out of it. In those days the Woolloongabba still used an old heavy roller drawn by a horse called Dobbin. As it had to be unhitched and led round after each pull of the roller over the pitch, most of the seven minutes was wasted and Brown did not get much of the rolling he asked for.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 69], "content_span": [70, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0024-0001", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, England \u2013 Second Innings\nThis was of great importance as if he had insisted on seven minutes actual rolling instead of messing about at either end the wicket would have been much less dangerous and England would have had less time to bat out before stumps. Though as Bill O'Reilly pointed out the time limits were devised when horse-drawn rollers were the norm and mechanical rollers were unheard of. Initially it made no difference as Reg Simpson was bowled first ball by a full toss from Ray Lindwall (2/21).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 69], "content_span": [70, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0024-0002", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, England \u2013 Second Innings\nThe veteran England scorer Bill Ferguson was using his famous Ferguson Charts to record the details of each innings; how many runs a batsman had scored, how many balls, how many minutes, how many boundaries, etc; When Simpson was out one wag called out \"How long Bill, and how many fours?\" which produced a roar of laughter from the press box that astonished the crowd.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 69], "content_span": [70, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0025-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, England \u2013 Second Innings\nCyril Washbrook (6) and John Dewes (9) were determined to see out the day with dead bats and the wicket showed no signs of danger, but Sam Loxton took a superb catch to get rid of the Lancastrian (Washbrook) off Lindwall. Jack Iverson was called up to bowl his first Test over 27 minutes before stumps and had Trevor Bailey in all kinds of trouble as his poked and prodded and could have been out five or six times in the mystery spinner's maiden over. Dewes was bowled by Keith Miller and with one over from Iverson remaining, Alec Bedser came out and immediately appealed against the bad light, but was turned down as he had yet to face a ball.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 69], "content_span": [70, 716]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0026-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, England \u2013 Second Innings\nBedser holed out to Neil Harvey off Iverson, Bailey gave a simple catch to Bill Johnston and Godfrey Evans ran out his fellow wicket-keeper Arthur McIntyre when he called for an unnecessary third run.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 69], "content_span": [70, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0027-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, England \u2013 Second Innings\nBrown had fed in nightwatchman after nightwatchman in order to save Hutton, Compton and himself for the next day, but the Man from Pudsey still had to come out at 30/6 to survive the last two balls of an extraordinary day. When asked for his opinion that night Hutton said they might win \"if the others will stay till lunch and it doesn't rain again\". It did not rain again, but needing 163 to win with only four wickets in hand there was no room for mistakes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 69], "content_span": [70, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0028-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, England \u2013 Second Innings\nIn the morning Brown, the umpires and a stopwatch ensured that England got their full 10 minutes rolling at the start of the day, which took nearly half an hour to complete. Evans (5) helped Hutton add 16 runs before he was caught by Loxton off Bill Johnston (2/30). Denis Compton came to the crease, but lasted one ball as he departed like Evans \"c Loxton, b Johnston\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 69], "content_span": [70, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0029-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, England \u2013 Second Innings\nBrown came in at number 10 and held on grimly as Hutton peeled off 3 boundaries, though in the end the captain made 17 of their 29 runs together before he became Loxton's fourth victim when he was caught off Iverson (4/43).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 69], "content_span": [70, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0030-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, England \u2013 Second Innings\nDoug Wright was the last man in at 77/9 and his batting tended to be a hit-and-miss affair which rarely reached double figures. Hutton (62 not out) farmed the bowling ruthlessly, making 43 of the 45 runs added for the last wicket. Wright managed to hold a straight bat up to the few balls he was left to face until the last four balls from Iverson before lunch. He kept out the first three, but spooned the last to Ray Lindwall at square leg and the match was over. The 12,000 strong crowd gave Hutton an heroic ovation and after lunch he replied to the congratulations showered on him with by admitting that \"with a bit of luck I'd have won the game\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 69], "content_span": [70, 722]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0031-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, Result\nAustralia's cricket ego was in no way deflated by what happened at Brisbane. All teams have their bad days, and that generally was considered sufficient excuse for Australia's collapse for 228 on a plumb pitch: as for the other collapse \u2013 Australian cricket thought does not believe in pondering long over national deficiencies on a sticky pitch. The possibility of a wet pitch in Brisbane was suggested by other Tests there and the weather preceding the game. There was too many clouds about in Brisbane for the city to miss rain for a whole week.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 51], "content_span": [52, 600]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0031-0001", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, Result\nOld women of both sexes [sic] were blaming our weather upsets on the atomic bomb experiment carried out by the Americans on Bikini Atoll, to our north... and so there was no national caterwauling over Australia's loss of face at Brisbane. Few stopped to think that had Australia lost the toss, they would have certainly have lost the Test.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 51], "content_span": [52, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0032-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, Result\nAustralia won the First Test at Brisbane by 70 runs to go 1\u20130 up in the series, but the real winners were England and Australian cricket. Before the match the press and public had been contemplating a one-sided contest in which a weak England team would be overwhelmed by Australia, now they had a fighting series on their hands. Few Australians fail to credit a gutsy performance and the stock of the tourists rocketed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 51], "content_span": [52, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0032-0001", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, Result\nIt was also apparent that Australia had a chink in their armour as their batting collapsed on a perfectly good wicket on the first day and had been badly shown up on the rain-affected wicket on the third, but their bowling remained strong and Jack Iverson (4/43) had justified the selector's confidence in him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 51], "content_span": [52, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0033-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Second Test \u2013 Melbourne, Preliminaries\nIt was apparent that Brown could just string together a Test Eleven, and that was all. Nothing had been more disappointing that the continued poor showings by the young men of the side. Bailey was the only new-comer to lend an accomplished hand. So badly had the others shaped that Close...was to be given a Test berth in Melbourne on the strength of a second innings century against a country team at Canberra.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 60], "content_span": [61, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0034-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Second Test \u2013 Melbourne, Preliminaries\nThe main story leading up to the Second Test at the Melbourne Cricket Ground was the health of the England vice-captain Denis Compton. His famously damaged knee had swollen up after making another century \u2013 115 vs an Australian XI \u2013 and hourly bulletins were posted by the MCC manager Brigadier Michael Green expressing optimistically that he would play in order to help draw a large crowd for the Test, though doubts where express by those who had seen him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 60], "content_span": [61, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0034-0001", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Second Test \u2013 Melbourne, Preliminaries\nIn the end he was unfit to play and was replaced by the Welsh amateur batsmen Gilbert Parkhouse who had made 58 in the Australian XI game, adding 130 with the luckless Compton. The reserve wicket-keeper Arthur McIntyre was also dropped from his batting role and the teenaged Brian Close was brought in as the best of a bad bunch, having hit 105 not out against long hops and full tosses served up in a minor game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 60], "content_span": [61, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0034-0002", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Second Test \u2013 Melbourne, Preliminaries\nBrown thought that if nothing else as an all-rounder he could help take some of the strain off the other bowlers and so Close became the youngest Englishman to play Australia in a Test. Australia made only one change, dropping Jack Moroney for having made a pair in the First Test. His successor was chosen in the Australian XI game and opener Ken Archer (12th man at Brisbane) was given his Baggy Green ahead of the middle order batsman Jim Burke (who was made 12th man), although he had only made 81 to Burke's 128. Lindsay Hassett won the toss and batted first on a yellow, matted wicket made for batting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 60], "content_span": [61, 669]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0035-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Second Test \u2013 Melbourne, Australia \u2013 First Innings\n...at Melbourne the young boys and girls go almost hysterical...I know several English cricketers who used to breath a sigh of relief whenever they reached the security of their quarters without the loss of a tie, a button, or even a cap...no film stars ever had more adulation that did the cricketers of England and Australia \u2013 especially the young ones \u2013 for the few brief days around Christmas at Melbourne in the year 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 72], "content_span": [73, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0036-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Second Test \u2013 Melbourne, Australia \u2013 First Innings\nIt was too much to hope for that Alec Bedser would dismiss Arthur Morris cheaply for the third time in a row, but he did in his second over and the Australian vice-captain was taken by Len Hutton in the slips for 2. Neil Harvey (42) came in at 6/1 and Australia were 67/1 at lunch despite the bowling of Bedser (who bowled unchanged throughout the morning) and Bailey and surprisingly good English fielding. Hassett even apologised to Brown as the ball was constantly fell just short of the slips, or flew over their heads as Harvey rode his luck.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 72], "content_span": [73, 620]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0036-0001", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Second Test \u2013 Melbourne, Australia \u2013 First Innings\nAfter lunch Bedser tickled Harvey's edge with a ball that Godfrey Evans snapped up instinctively, but had he missed few would have realised was a chance. The big bowler then held onto Ken Archer (26) in the slips by throwing himself to the ground and taking the ball in his outstretched right hand and Australia were 89/3.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 72], "content_span": [73, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0036-0002", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Second Test \u2013 Melbourne, Australia \u2013 First Innings\nKeith Miller, whose matin\u00e9e idol looks greatly affected his teenager fans, made 18, but his potential boundaries were stymied by Cyril Washbrook in the covers and Reg Simpson on the boundary-fence and he was trapped lbw by Freddie Brown (1/28) to bring Australia down to 93/4 on a good pitch on a perfect sunny day. Lindsay Hassett played a careful captain's innings of 52, adding 84 in an hour and a half with Sam Loxton (32). Brian Close was a short-leg to Hassett and kept on edging closer until he was almost face-to-face.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 72], "content_span": [73, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0036-0003", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Second Test \u2013 Melbourne, Australia \u2013 First Innings\nHe was brought on to rest Bedser and Bailey before the new ball was taken and Loxton was given \"not out\" when he appeared to give Hutton a straightforward catch in the gully. Soon after Loxton was out to a catch by Evans off Close when he didn't make contact and he glared at the umpire; \"Tha' were lucky once, Sam\" said Hutton \"so don't grouse\" and Australia were 177/5, which soon became 177/6 when Bedser yorked Hassett while loosening up with the old ball. The new ball was taken and Bedser (4/37) and Bailey (4/40) promptly cleared up the tail for 17 runs and Australia were all out for 194 at stumps.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 72], "content_span": [73, 679]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0037-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Second Test \u2013 Melbourne, England \u2013 First Innings\n...the Yorkshireman's bewildered look, as he walked slowly away, set all tongues wagging, and the fact that Close came and went passed almost unnoticed. Many were the theories advanced in support of Umpire Cooper, an Adelaide man, during the interval, but the dressing-rooms on both sides seethed with indignation, and Hutton had the consolation of knowing that several of the Australians nearer to the ball than Iverson, considered a mistake had been made.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 70], "content_span": [71, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0038-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Second Test \u2013 Melbourne, England \u2013 First Innings\nWith Australians out for their third low score in a row and with no rain in sight England had every chance of making a large total on a good wicket and equalising the series. It was an opportunity they did not take as Ian Johnson caught Reg Simpson (4) off Keith Miller (2/39), who then took a magnificent driving catch to take John Dewes (8) off Bill Johnston (2/28). Cyril Washbrook was joined by Len Hutton \u2013 still batting in the middle order \u2013 to re-establish their old partnership and set about restoring the innings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 70], "content_span": [71, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0038-0001", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Second Test \u2013 Melbourne, England \u2013 First Innings\nWashbrook (21) made some charming cover-drives before he was given out lbw to Ray Lindwall (2/46), although only he and Don Tallon appealed and the other nine fielders remained silent. Jack Iverson was brought on and saw a ball flick off Hutton's pads as he checked a sweep (it was the over before lunch). Iverson yelled \"Catch it\", Tallon dived forwards to take the ball an inch off the ground and the bewildered opener was given out for 12. Only Iverson appealed and \"Not even Tallon, one of the most notorious appealers of all time, asked for a catch\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 70], "content_span": [71, 626]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0038-0002", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Second Test \u2013 Melbourne, England \u2013 First Innings\nand Miller, standing four feet away at silly-leg \"stood there with his arms folded, feet wide apart, completely uninterested\" Hutton returned to the pavilion with a face like thunder and Umpire Cooper was obviously upset that he so obviously disagreed with the decision and ended the over after only seven balls. One Yorkshireman was soon followed by another as Brian Close swished a ball to Sam Loxton and England went into lunch on 54/5.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 70], "content_span": [71, 510]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0038-0003", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Second Test \u2013 Melbourne, England \u2013 First Innings\nCaptain Freddie Brown and Gilbert Parkhouse returned to the crease after lunch and made the best of things, but the Welshman's stilt-like footwork was his undoing and he was caught by Hassett off Miller. He was replaced by Trevor Bailey who steadfastly defended at one end while his captain brought the crowd to its feet hitting Johnson straight down the ground for six and through the covers for four. He hit three more boundaries in his 62 and they added 65 for the seventh wicket. Bailey was out first, bowled by Lindwall and Brown was caught by Johnson off Iverson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 70], "content_span": [71, 640]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0038-0004", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Second Test \u2013 Melbourne, England \u2013 First Innings\nGodfrey Evans hit Lindwall straight to the boundary and took 8 runs off Miller, which resulted in a bouncer, which the keeper dodged like a boxer, and the bowler being booed. Evans cracked another four past point off Miller, who was removed from the attack, and passed 1,000 runs in Tests, but was \"c Johnson, b Iverson\" for 49 and was cheered by the crowd when he left. Alec Bedser (5 not out) had batted for nearly an hour helping Evans, but Doug Wright (2) only lasted five minutes and England were out for 197, exceeding Australia's First Innings by only 3 runs. This was both a failure and a relief, given how the innings had progressed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 70], "content_span": [71, 713]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0039-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Second Test \u2013 Melbourne, Australia \u2013 Second Innings\nAustralia was 151 for seven \u2013 and the man wreaking the havoc was F. R. Brown! That was the remarkable part of this afternoon of sensations...one would not expect him to run through a first-class side of batsman, yet here was his name on the board with three Test batsman to his credit at a very small cost and at a very vital stage of the game. With his sun-hat on, a 'kerchief tied round his neck, and an ambling jovially in the field, Freddie Brown lacked only a wisp of straw in his mouth to make him look like the original Farmer Brown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 73], "content_span": [74, 614]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0040-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Second Test \u2013 Melbourne, Australia \u2013 Second Innings\nKen Archer (15 not out) and Arthur Morris (10 not out) saw Australia safely to Christmas Eve with 25/0 and a 22 run lead. They returned on Boxing Day and took their partnership to 43 when Morris (18) was lbw to Doug Wright and Ron Wright with the leg-spinner giving him a straight ball and the umpire raising his finger. Neil Harvey made another profitable second wicket stand before Archer (46) was taken in the gully by Trevor Bailey off Bedser (2/43) on 99/2.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 73], "content_span": [74, 536]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0040-0001", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Second Test \u2013 Melbourne, Australia \u2013 Second Innings\nHarvey soon went, run out by Cyril Washbrook who made a splendid pick up in the covers and threw down his stumps when backing up to Miller. Miller himself was bowled by Bailey (2/47), then Brown (4/26) broke the back of the Australian innings with the wickets of Loxton, Lindwall, Tallon and Hassett in spell of 4/5. The Australian wicket-keeper was snatched by a diving Trevor Bailey at second slip, which Bill O'Reilly called \"truly sensational\" and Jack Fingleton \"unforgettable\". Ian Johnson (23) decided to hit out on the advice of Keith Miller and added a vital 30 runs with Bill Johnston (6) before Bedser and Bailey got them out on 181 and closed the innings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 73], "content_span": [74, 741]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0041-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Second Test \u2013 Melbourne, England \u2013 Second Innings\nThe flies were bad. Little black ones. They pestered the batsmen and fieldsmen incessantly. Ranjitsinhji once explained that his dismissal in Sydney by saying that a fly got into his eye as the vital moment, which could well be true. They are an intense annoyance to a batsman, who must time his last quick flip of his face as the bowler is a few yards off delivery.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 71], "content_span": [72, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0042-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Second Test \u2013 Melbourne, England \u2013 Second Innings\nEngland needed 179 runs to win, not an impossible task even though John Dewes had been struck with a throat inflection and had been absent from the field. Brown continued with his opening partnership of Reg Simpson and Cyril Washbrook and kept Len Hutton in the middle order. To be fair they had made 212 for the first wicket against the  earlier in the year. On this occasion they added 21 against Lindwall and Miller when the spinners were brought on. Washbrook always found \"Wrong Grip Jake\" difficult to play and was bowled by his googly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 71], "content_span": [72, 614]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0042-0001", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Second Test \u2013 Melbourne, England \u2013 Second Innings\nThe nightwatchman Trevor Bailey by bowled by Ian Johnson (1/24) for a duck and England were 28/2 at stumps. Simpson and Hutton \"opened\" the innings again in the morning, Hutton was inclined to fancy England's chances if he stayed in past lunch, and he did, but Simpson was bowled by Lindwall (3/29) for 28. John Dewes, coming in to bat from his sick bed like Eddie Paynter in the Fourth Test of 1932\u201333, stayed in for 46\u00a0minutes making a gutsy 5 before falling to Iverson (2/36) at 82/4.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 71], "content_span": [72, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0042-0002", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Second Test \u2013 Melbourne, England \u2013 Second Innings\nIn the lunch break England needed less than a hundred runs to win and there was an earnest discussion as to whether Hutton should bat in his usual careful way or should try to make the runs before he ran out of partners, as had happened at Brisbane. He decided on the latter and by forcing the pace struck out at Bill Johnston (4/26) and was caught at square leg for 40, which caused a deathly silence across the 50,000 strong crowd.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 71], "content_span": [72, 505]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0042-0003", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Second Test \u2013 Melbourne, England \u2013 Second Innings\nAs in the first innings Brian Close was soon out (lbw to Johnston for 1), Brown was bowled by Lindwall, who then removed Evans \"with a ball which pitched outside the off stump, came in at a crazy angle and knocked back the off stump without leaving the turf by a centimetre\". Gilbert Parkhouse, who batted manfully for 102 minutes and when he was out for 28 England were 134/9 and still needed 45 to win. Alec Bedser (14 not out) had nothing to lose and struck out with the bat before Doug Wright (2) succumbed to Johnston and England were out for 150.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 71], "content_span": [72, 624]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0043-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Second Test \u2013 Melbourne, Result\nThe remarkable part about the finish of this game was that Hassett and his fellow-Australians left the ground in complete silence. There was not the slightest evidence of jubilation at Australia's second victory of the rubber. Everybody, it seemed, wanted England to win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 53], "content_span": [54, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0044-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Second Test \u2013 Melbourne, Result\nAustralia won the Second Test at Melbourne by 28 runs to take a 2\u20130 lead in the series. It was the closest result in an Ashes Test since England's 12 run win at Adelaide in 1928\u201329. Once again the dismal performance of the Australian batsmen and the tight finish rebounded to England's credit. The all-round performance of Freddie Brown, who top-scored with 62 and took his best Test return of 4/26, proved that he wasn't a passenger in the England team. The Australians had the more consistent batting and a strong bowling attack, but it was Len Hutton's dismissal in the first innings that most saw as the deciding point of the Test.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 53], "content_span": [54, 689]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0045-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Third Test \u2013 Sydney, Preliminaries\nBecause of a traffic jam I was outside the ground on the first day of the Test when the captains tossed. There was a terrific roar. \"I take it,\" said the traffic policeman as I passed him, \"that Brown has won the toss. Good on him. He deserves it.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 56], "content_span": [57, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0046-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Third Test \u2013 Sydney, Preliminaries\nEngland now had to win the final three Tests if they wanted to regain the Ashes, for which the only precedent was when Don Bradman made three big centuries in the 1936\u201337 Ashes series to win 3\u20132 after being 2\u20130 down to Gubby Allen's England side. Sydney is a famous spinning wicket, though the three tour matches the MCC had seen many runs for few wickets. In the New South Wales game immediately before the Third Test they had made 553/8 with Len Hutton making 150 and Reg Simpson 259 and the fast-medium bowler John Warr took 4/67.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 56], "content_span": [57, 590]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0046-0001", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Third Test \u2013 Sydney, Preliminaries\nAs a result the unhappy Brian Close was dropped in favour of Warr, making his debut, and England went into the Test with Doug Wright as the only specialist spinner, supported by the part-time spin of Freddie Brown and Denis Compton. The leg-spinner Eric Hollies had taken 5 wickets (78.60) in his three games at the Sydney Cricket Ground and off-spinner Bob Berry was going for 4 runs an over in his containment role and were not chosen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 56], "content_span": [57, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0046-0002", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Third Test \u2013 Sydney, Preliminaries\nDenis Compton was fit again and replaced the ailing John Dewes, but Gilbert Parkhouse stayed in the team thanks to his fighting 28 at Melbourne and 92 against New South Wales. Australia kept the same team from the Second Test, though if they had lost the performances of a few of them would have resulted in their being dropped. For the only time in Lindsay Hassett's career as captain he lost the toss in an Ashes Test and Freddie Brown was able to bat first on another flat batting track.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 56], "content_span": [57, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0047-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Third Test \u2013 Sydney, England \u2013 First Innings\nMiller, in one spirited over, altered the whole course of the game. With the third ball of that eventful over he trapped Hutton with his legs in front of the wicket trying to defend against an inswinger which moved in late. The value of Miller's bowling lies wholly and solely in its surprise element. Just when he appears to be well under the control of the batsman he comes to light with a ball that can upset anyone...with the sixth ball of the over Compton played-on before he had opened his score. The seventh and eighth balls did everything else but put paid to Parkhouse's account. Miller deserved every bit of the thunderous applause which the big crowd handed him when the over was completed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 66], "content_span": [67, 768]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0048-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Third Test \u2013 Sydney, England \u2013 First Innings\nBrown dispensed with the experiment of having Hutton bat down the order and the old Roses opening partnership of Len Hutton and Cyril Washbrook went to the crease. Hutton was full of confidence, 19 runs came off the first three overs and Keith Miller asked for a new ball in the fourth. Umpire Elphinstone examined the ball and changed it for a new one, which he ground into the dust to take the shine off. Hutton insisted on a look and bounced on the grass a few times so that it would lose its shape.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 66], "content_span": [67, 569]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0048-0001", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Third Test \u2013 Sydney, England \u2013 First Innings\nIt made no difference as another 8 runs came of the next two overs and Miller was taken off, only to take a diving catch off Ian Johnson (3/94) to dismiss Washbrook. Miller said this was the finest catch of his career; \"He played the perfect cut, but, fielding in the gully, I had anticipated the shot. I ran across before he played it, flung out my hand and held the ball. I was just as astonished as Cyril\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 66], "content_span": [67, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0048-0002", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Third Test \u2013 Sydney, England \u2013 First Innings\nHutton (62) and Simpson (49) took the score to 128/1 when Miller was brought back on to bowl one of his most famous overs. He bowled a \"super ball\" to dismiss Hutton lbw and bowled Denis Compton for a duck when the ball clipped the edge of the bat and ricocheted into the stumps. Gilbert Parkhouse survived until tea, but Reg Simpson guided another ball from Miller to Sam Loxton at short-fine-leg and England were 137/4. The popular Freddie Brown strode out to the applause of the crowd hoping for some more Melbourne-style big-hitting and they were not disappointed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 66], "content_span": [67, 635]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0048-0003", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Third Test \u2013 Sydney, England \u2013 First Innings\nHassett took the new ball, but Brown hit Bill Johnston to the fence, lofted Lindwall into the deep and cracked a straight-drive onto Umpire Barlow's foot. He added 50 with Parkhouse (25) before the Welshman pulled Ian Johnson to Arthur Morris at mid-on at 187/5. He was replaced by Trevor Bailey who held up one end while Brown scattered the in-field and clouted the Australian bowling round the ground.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 66], "content_span": [67, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0048-0004", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Third Test \u2013 Sydney, England \u2013 First Innings\nWhen he was finally out the next day, playing over a yorker from Ray Lindwall for 79, he had made his highest Test score, the highest for England so far in the series, and received a royal reception from the crowd. England was now 258/6, their highest innings of a low scoring series, but without their fiery captain they collapsed to 290 all out. Bailey had his thumb broken by a Lindwall bouncer at 263/6 and was taken to St Vincent's Hospital.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 66], "content_span": [67, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0048-0005", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Third Test \u2013 Sydney, England \u2013 First Innings\nGodfrey Evans struck 3 fours in his 23 not out, but Alec Bedser was bowled by Lindwall (2/60) and John Warr by Miller (4/37). Bailey returned at 281/8 and tried to bat one-handed before he was caught by Don Tallon of Ian Johnson. Doug Wright joined Evans, but was run out for a duck by his Kent team-mate, tripping over his bat and pulling a muscle as he rushed home and England were all out for 290.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 66], "content_span": [67, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0049-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Third Test \u2013 Sydney, Australia \u2013 First Innings\nBrown had only himself and John Warr to bowl along with Bedser, and there began a performance that for sheer determination and willingness to work must stand unrivalled in Test history, for it was essential that runs should be kept down as well as wickets taken...", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 68], "content_span": [69, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0050-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Third Test \u2013 Sydney, Australia \u2013 First Innings\nThe England bowling attack was badly depleted, Trevor Bailey was unfit to play and did not field and the leg-spinner Doug Wright, who might have been a real handful on the turning Sydney wicket, played for only a few overs before retiring. The bowling thus fell heavily on the shoulders of Alec Bedser, the 40-year-old captain Freddie Brown and debutant John Warr. They had no regular spinner and would have to rely on Brown's part-time leg-spin, the left-arm unorthodox spin of the injured Denis Compton and the comedy leg-breaks of Len Hutton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 68], "content_span": [69, 614]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0050-0001", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Third Test \u2013 Sydney, Australia \u2013 First Innings\nIn the end Compton only bowled 6 overs and Hutton none; the bowling was completed by Bedser (43\u20134\u2013107\u20134), Warr (36\u20134\u2013142\u20130) and Brown (44\u20134\u2013153\u20134), bowling eight-ball overs. The innings began with John Warr bowling to Ken Archer as Arthur Morris always batted second and his nemesis Alec Bedser bowled him with the first ball of the second over. Although Neil Harvey had made 74, 12, 42 and 31 batting at number 3 Lindsay Hassett finally saw that the left-handed strokemaker would fare better further down the order and came in himself.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 68], "content_span": [69, 605]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0050-0002", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Third Test \u2013 Sydney, Australia \u2013 First Innings\nWith rain expected over the weekend Brown set defensive fields and with the England fielding on top form Archer (44 not out) and Hassett (62 not out) slowly batted out the day for 110/1 despite the constant barracking of the crowd, who shouted \"Get on with it!\". There was rain on the rest day, but most of it avoided the ground and it rolled out well. When play resumed the wicket took a lot of pace and bounce from the ball and England were doomed to a long day in the field.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 68], "content_span": [69, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0050-0003", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Third Test \u2013 Sydney, Australia \u2013 First Innings\nEven so Godfrey Evans took a brilliant catch off a leg-glance by Archer (48) off Bedser, who was involved in the first 6 wickets to fall. Brown bowled a leg-spinner that fizzed off the pitch and beat Hassett (70) and missed the stumps, but his next ball the Australian captain hit a catch to Bedser at mid-on and his team was 122/3.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 68], "content_span": [69, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0050-0004", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Third Test \u2013 Sydney, Australia \u2013 First Innings\nThe presence of Neil Harvey and Keith Miller at the crease against a depleted bowling attack would usually ensure a flow of runs, but while Harvey hit 39 in 79\u00a0minutes before being bowled by Bedser, Miller nudged his way at the funeral rate of 24 runs an hour. Sam Loxton survived a close run out when Cyril Washbrook brilliantly threw down his stumps, but was out for 17 when he hoisted a long hop from Brown into the hands of Bedser, who then caught Don Tallon lbw for 18.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 68], "content_span": [69, 543]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0050-0005", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Third Test \u2013 Sydney, Australia \u2013 First Innings\nAt 252/6 Australia were still 38 runs behind when Ian Johnson came to the crease and started to hit the ball around in his top Test score of 77, he added 150 with Miller in the highest seventh wicket stand for Australia since Clem Hill and Hugh Trumble made 165 at Melbourne in 1897\u201398. They took Australia past 300 and 400 for the first time in the series and Miller reached his century after 274\u00a0minutes. Brown bowled Johnson, had Lindwall lbw and had Australia 406/8. With the tail now in Miller lifted Warr for six, but ran out Bill Johnston and Jack Iverson to end the innings with his then highest Test score of 145 not out. He had taken Australia to 426 and gave them a lead of 136.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 68], "content_span": [69, 758]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0051-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Third Test \u2013 Sydney, England \u2013 Second Innings\nWhen a bowler of Jack Iverson's ability to control direction and length can spin the ball so far as that, no batsman is likely to give him trouble. I am certain that no batsman of my time, English or Australian, could have held the fort on this pitch against accurate spin-bowling.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 67], "content_span": [68, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0052-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Third Test \u2013 Sydney, England \u2013 Second Innings\nLen Hutton and Cyril Washbrook started the innings in fine form against the fast bowlers, who struggled to make the ball lift on the unresponsive wicket. Lindsay Hassett soon took the off and brought on the spinners. Jack Iverson had not bowled in the first innings and with his negligible ability with the bat and in the field some thought he was due to be dropped. It was soon apparent that he was in complete control of the situation, his line and length were flawless and he was turning the ball from outside the off-stump past the leg-stump.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 67], "content_span": [68, 614]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0052-0001", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Third Test \u2013 Sydney, England \u2013 Second Innings\nHe had Hutton out for 9, the ball was snicked behind, where the wicket-keeper Don Tallon knocked it to Ian Johnson in the slips who juggled the ball and dropped it, upon which Tallon dived across and took the catch. Reg Simpson showed his usual bad form against spinners and was caught behind for a duck (even though Tallon did not appeal) and Washbrook was bowled for 34 after hitting two boundaries off Johnson. England were now 45/3 and Iverson had taken 3/2.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 67], "content_span": [68, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0052-0002", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Third Test \u2013 Sydney, England \u2013 Second Innings\nDenis Compton avoided his pair and held out for 104\u00a0minutes making 23, his highest score of a terrible series, before running out Gilbert Parkhouse for 18 and popping a catch to the hungry Ian Johnson off Bill Johnston (1/31). Evans whacked 14 runs with 3 fours before Johnson (1/32) bowled him. Trevor Bailey bravely came out to bat with one hand in plaster, much to the surprise of his captain who asked \"What are the devil are you doing here, Trevor? \", Bailey replied \"I thought I would hold them up for a bit Skipper\" and held up one end with his 0 not out. Iverson bowled Brown, Bedser and Warr to finish with 6/27 and as Doug Wright was absent hurt and England were out for 123.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 67], "content_span": [68, 753]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0053-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Third Test \u2013 Sydney, Result\nBrown and Bedser deserved at least two-day's rest \u2013 but the whole English side was in and out while the sun was still shining. One of the saddest sights I have seen on a cricket field was the weary Bedser trudging out to bat less than two hours after his marathon bowling effort...Bailey batted one handed and Wright did not bat. It was a sickening blow for the Englishmen, to lose by an innings after such heroic efforts by the bowlers, but Iverson was just too good.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 49], "content_span": [50, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0054-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Third Test \u2013 Sydney, Result\nAustralia won the Third Test at Sydney by an innings and 13 runs to win the series 3\u20130 and retain the Ashes. The victory was marred by the injuries that had crippled the England bowling attack and their depressingly slow run-rate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 49], "content_span": [50, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0054-0001", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Third Test \u2013 Sydney, Result\nThe England bowlers received great praise for their sterling efforts, but the hero was a \"35-year-old flip-bowler, Jack Iverson, who, until he had played in the Brisbane Test, had never seen a Test played\" Brown sent a telegram to Lord's requesting two new bowlers to replace Bailey and Wright and the fast-medium seamer Brian Statham and off-spinner Roy Tattersall of Lancashire were flown out. Unfortunately, he did not ask for a fresh batsman as the England batting could well have used the presence of Bill Edrich. As it was he went to Adelaide with too many bowlers that he couldn't use and few batsmen he could trust.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 49], "content_span": [50, 673]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0055-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Fourth Test \u2013 Adelaide, Preliminaries\nIt was one of the poorest Test matches in technique and spirit that I have witnessed. It lacked virility from birth. The Australians came to it with no great spirit of adventure or relish after the Ashes had been won. The policy was, after winning the toss, to hold tight and let the pitch and the Englishmen go to pieces. What went to pieces, of course, was the game itself.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 59], "content_span": [60, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0056-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Fourth Test \u2013 Adelaide, Preliminaries\nAlthough Australia had wrapped up the Ashes there was still considerable interest in the series as many felt that Freddie Brown's team deserved a win for all their efforts. Since the Third Test they had won four games on the trot by 9 wickets, 10 wickets, an innings and 25 runs and 152 runs and morale was as high as it had ever been.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 59], "content_span": [60, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0056-0001", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Fourth Test \u2013 Adelaide, Preliminaries\nAfter his dismal showing at Sydney the Australian vice-captain Arthur Morris asked to be dropped, he had been dismissed four times out of five by Alec Bedser (for 25, 0, 2 and 0) and was nicknamed \"Bedser's Bunny\". The selectors declined and instead dropped Sam Loxton after 11 consecutive Tests and brought in Jim Burke of New South Wales to strengthen the lower order batting. Loxton was an outstanding fielder and was still brought to Adelaide as 12th man.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 59], "content_span": [60, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0056-0002", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Fourth Test \u2013 Adelaide, Preliminaries\nRoy Tattersall of Lancashire had been flown out as a replacement for the injured Doug Wright and was picked for his debut. This young off-spinner had topped the tables in 1950 with 193 wickets (13.59), including twenty 5-wicket and six 10-wicket hauls. The England players had been singing his praises since they arrived in Australia, so there was much curiosity about him down under. Doug Wright's pulled leg-muscle has recovered and he would also play and Tattersall replaced Trevor Bailey, whose broken thumb had not yet mended.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 59], "content_span": [60, 591]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0056-0003", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Fourth Test \u2013 Adelaide, Preliminaries\nGilbert Parkhouse was dropped and replaced by his fellow amateur David Sheppard and despite taking 0/142 at Sydney John Warr was kept in the team. The Adelaide Oval was notorious for being the flattest wicket in Australia, but had taken spin from the first morning in the tour match when the MCC (211 & 220) beat South Australia (126 & 153) by 152 runs. Even so when Lindsay Hassett won the toss he made the easy decision to bat first.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 59], "content_span": [60, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0057-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Fourth Test \u2013 Adelaide, Australia \u2013 First Innings\nMorris had become very fed up of hearing Bedser's name. He sat that morning at No. 13 table in the hotel dining-room and gave a shudder when he saw it \u2013 but decided to sit tight. This, then, was a happy day for him. he had come back to the ranks of Test batsmen again.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 71], "content_span": [72, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0058-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Fourth Test \u2013 Adelaide, Australia \u2013 First Innings\nThe first Australian wicket fell before a run was on the board for the third time in the series, but it was Ken Archer who succumbed to Alec Bedser when he glanced the third ball of the day to Denis Compton at short fine-leg, though he hung about the wicket even after he was given out by Umpire Barlow. Having livened up the crowd the bowlers had a tough day as the Adelaide Oval was up to its usual standards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 71], "content_span": [72, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0058-0001", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Fourth Test \u2013 Adelaide, Australia \u2013 First Innings\nArthur Morris batted a very careful and composed innings, the highest of his Test career as he laid his reputation as \"Bedser's Bunny\" to rest. He made 206 out of Australia's 371 before he was the last man out, spending 7 hours and 42\u00a0minutes at the crease and striking 23 boundaries in the process. He passed 2,000 runs in Tests and made his seventh Ashes century in four years, overtaking Victor Trumper and Bill Woodfull placing him behind only Sir Donald Bradman on the list of Australian century-makers against England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 71], "content_span": [72, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0058-0002", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Fourth Test \u2013 Adelaide, Australia \u2013 First Innings\nNo other Australian batsman made 50, but he added 95 runs for the second wicket with Lindsay Hassett (43), 110 for the third wicket with Neil Harvey (44) and 76 for the fourth wicket with Keith Miller (44). Thereafter wickets fell sharply, the last five falling for 14 runs, and the innings ended when he was bowled by Roy Tattersall (3/95). The young Lancashire off-spinner had an impressive debut which justified his selection even though he had to borrow E.W. Swanton's boots because his feet had swollen on the flight.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 71], "content_span": [72, 594]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0058-0003", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Fourth Test \u2013 Adelaide, Australia \u2013 First Innings\nHe began by conceding only 5 runs from his first 6 overs and spun the ball so much that it floated across the wicket before turning on the unhelpful wicket. He dismissed fellow debutant Jim Burke with a ball that he bowled at the leg stump so that Burke went down on one knee to sweep it, but it floated over the wicket and knocked over the off-stump. He also bowled Don Tallon, getting his three wickets without any help from the fielders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 71], "content_span": [72, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0058-0004", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Fourth Test \u2013 Adelaide, Australia \u2013 First Innings\nAlec Bedser returned figures of 3/74, but Hassett protected Morris early in his innings and Miller hit his first over of the second day for 15. Doug Wright took 4/99 and only Morris, a noted player of spinners, was able to master him, but John Warr (0/63) could still not take a wicket.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 71], "content_span": [72, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0059-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Fourth Test \u2013 Adelaide, England \u2013 First Innings\nThe Yorkshireman was magnificent. This was not perhaps an innings to be compared with his Brisbane classic, but it was, nevertheless, batsmanship sublime, worth first a hundred and then 150, with off drives, late cuts, hooks and leg glances, all performed with that easy composure so completely the Yorkshireman's own.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 69], "content_span": [70, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0060-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Fourth Test \u2013 Adelaide, England \u2013 First Innings\nEngland's innings \u2013 like Australia's \u2013 revolved around their opener, in this case Len Hutton, who became the second Englishman to carry his bat through an innings against Australia, the other being Bobby Abel's 132 not out at Sydney in 1891\u201392. Hutton made 156 not out in England's 272, hit 11 fours and nobody else made 30. Ray Lindwall (3/51) dismissed Cyril Washbrook for 2 when the pedestrian Jack Iverson took a high, leaping catch when the batsmen heaved the ball to the leg-side. The spinners were soon on and Hutton hit Ian Johnson for two boundaries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 69], "content_span": [70, 629]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0060-0001", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Fourth Test \u2013 Adelaide, England \u2013 First Innings\nHe went two yards down the wicket and was almost stumped by Don Tallon for 34, but he nicked the ball and the deflection made Tallon miss both the catch and the stumping. Reg Simpson was the second highest scorer with 29 and together they added 83 for the second wicket before Simpson was bowled by the left-arm bowler Bill Johnston and England finished the day 96/2. The following morning Lindwall and Miller argued with Tallon that he ought to stand three yards closer to the stumps as the pitch was so slow.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 69], "content_span": [70, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0060-0002", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Fourth Test \u2013 Adelaide, England \u2013 First Innings\nHe refused and Lindwall bowled at a reduced pace, so nudged by Miller Tallon moved up for the third ball, which nicked Denis Compton's bat and the keeper took the catch low off the ground. Had he remained back Tallon could not have made the catch. The other England batsmen made a steady procession to and from the wicket as Bill Johnston (3/68) and Iverson (3/58) worked their way through the order as Hutton batted serenely on, now untouchable by any of the bowlers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 69], "content_span": [70, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0060-0003", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Fourth Test \u2013 Adelaide, England \u2013 First Innings\nDavid Sheppard almost ran Hutton out when he rushed down the wicket to get off the mark, Godfrey Evans tried to do the same, but Hutton wisely ignored him and the keeper scrambled back before his wicket was wrecked by Lindwall. Freddie Brown was caught leg before by Miller (1/30), who immediately appealed and Umpire Cocks gave him out, then the ball rolled back onto his stumps and knocked off a bail, so he ended up being bowled. Debutant Roy Tattersall was crowded by the Australian fielders and was caught by Neil Harvey off Iverson for a duck.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 69], "content_span": [70, 619]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0060-0004", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Fourth Test \u2013 Adelaide, England \u2013 First Innings\nJohn Warr was bowled for another duck by Bill Johnston. Doug Wright came in at 219/9 and held off the Australian attack for over an hour as he and Hutton added 53 for the last wicket, resembling their last stand at Brisbane. Lindwall wasn't recalled to the attack until after 5 o'clock and promptly caught the Kent spinner leg before wicket for 14. England were out for 272, 99 runs behind Australia and Hutton was applauded off the field by the Australian team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 69], "content_span": [70, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0061-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Fourth Test \u2013 Adelaide, Australia \u2013 Second Innings\nM.C.C. captain Freddie Brown, and a joint manager of the team, Brigadier M. A. Green, were injured in a car accident on North Terrace, city, last night. Brigadier Green was admitted to the Royal Adelaide Hospital in a semi-conscious condition, suffering from a probable fractured nose, and Brown was treated for cuts to the head and left knee. Brown, who had four stitches inserted in his left knee and two in his head, is reported to have said soon after the accident that he would play today. Doctors at the hospital, however, think it is doubtful, because he will be suffering from stiffness. Brown told the police that he was driving along North Terrace when he swerved to avoid another car. In doing so he crashed head-on into a tram standard in the middle of the road.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 72], "content_span": [73, 847]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0062-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Fourth Test \u2013 Adelaide, Australia \u2013 Second Innings\nAustralia now had three and a half days to set England an unreachable target and bowl them out. Ken Archer ran a four off Alec Bedser in the first over and Arthur Morris struck two boundaries off Doug Wright when he replaced John Warr in the sixth over. Archer called Morris for a run off Bedser, but they both hesitated in the middle and Morris was run out for 16 by a left-handed throw from David Sheppard. Lindsay Hassett was almost bowled first ball, but survived and Australia were 34/1 at stumps.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 72], "content_span": [73, 575]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0062-0001", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Fourth Test \u2013 Adelaide, Australia \u2013 Second Innings\nArcher (32) and Hassett (31) returned in the morning to take the score along to 95/3, but it was Neil Harvey (68), Keith Miller (99) and debutant Jim Burke (101 not out) who put the match beyond doubt. Harvey and Miller ran the bowling ragged and added 99 for the fourth wicket until Harvey was bowled by Brown (1/14) and Miller chopped a ball from Wright onto his stumps. Doug Wright (2/109) and Roy Tattersall (1/116) were heavily punished and Bedser (0/62) was wicketless.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 72], "content_span": [73, 548]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0062-0002", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Fourth Test \u2013 Adelaide, Australia \u2013 Second Innings\nAustralia ended the fourth day 384 runs ahead and that evening Freddie Brown and Brigadier Green were hospitalised after a car crash returning from dinner with Sir Willoughby Norrie, the Governor of South Australia. A car had pulled out suddenly from a side street and Brown swerved into a post for holding electric tram lines. Brown left the hospital early in the morning, but was unfit to play and vice-captain Denis Compton became the first professional captain to lead England since Jack Hobbs when Arthur Carr was injured in 1924\u201325.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 72], "content_span": [73, 611]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0062-0003", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Fourth Test \u2013 Adelaide, Australia \u2013 Second Innings\nHe was unable to prevent Jim Burke from making a Test century on debut, the ninth Australian to do so (compared to 10 Englishmen at the time). John Warr took his first and only Test wicket when Ian Johnson cut the ball to Evans, who knocked it up on the first attempt then ran forward to catch it on the rebound. Umpire Cocks took so long to make a decision that Johnson walked (almost unheard in Australia) to give the long-suffering Warr his first Test wicket and a bowling average of 281.00, the highest by an England bowler.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 72], "content_span": [73, 601]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0062-0004", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Fourth Test \u2013 Adelaide, Australia \u2013 Second Innings\nThe 12th man Sam Loxton was sent out by Hassett to tell Burke that he could take all the time he wanted over his hundred and the dour stock clerk reached his target after 245\u00a0minutes at the crease. Hassett then declared at 403/8 to give England a day and a half to make 503 to win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 72], "content_span": [73, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0063-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Fourth Test \u2013 Adelaide, England \u2013 Second Innings\nJohn in fact in these two Tests took one for 281, which caused a few of us thereafter childishly to hum in his presence the Ancient and Modern Hymn number 281, 'Lead us Heavenly Father, lead us', with emphasis on the lines \"Lone and Dreary, Faint and Weary, Through the Desert thou did'st go.\" In fact, of course, it was J.J. Warr's prime virtue was that he never seemed either faint or weary, on the field or off. Laughter was seldom far away when he was about...", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 70], "content_span": [71, 535]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0064-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Fourth Test \u2013 Adelaide, England \u2013 Second Innings\nNo team has ever made 500 runs to win a Test, though Len Hutton and Doug Wright had played in the Timeless Test when England made 654/5 chasing 696 to win, but drew the match because they had to catch their boat home. Realistically England could only hope to draw and Len Hutton (45) and Cyril Washbrook (31) added 74 for the first wicket, the highest opening stand of the series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 70], "content_span": [71, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0064-0001", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Fourth Test \u2013 Adelaide, England \u2013 Second Innings\nBill Johnston (4/73) removed them both, Hutton taken by Sam Loxton at short-leg (substituting for Iverson, who twisted his ankle on the ball), who also caught Denis Compton for a duck. In between he had Washbrook lbw and England entered the last day on 114/3. Reg Simpson (61) and David Sheppard (41) batted out the morning in a stand of 91 that lasted 157\u00a0minutes. He was also out to Johnston, caught Burke and Miller (3/27) snapped up Godfrey Evans, Alec Bedser and Sheppard for 7 runs to leave them 228/7. Ian Johnson (2/63) had Roy Tattersall caught by Arthur Morris then bowled John Warr without a run being added and as Freddie Brown was absent injured England were out one hour and forty minutes from stumps on the sixth and last day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 70], "content_span": [71, 812]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0065-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Fourth Test \u2013 Adelaide, Result\nThe South Australian Cricket Association made a presentation to Jim Burke to commemorate his performance in scoring a century in his first Test. In introducing the Lord Mayor of Adelaide, who performed the little ceremony, Mr Roy Middleton, the president, explained that it was the policy of the Association to recognize any outstanding performance carried out on the Adelaide Oval. He recalled to the minds of those present that both Morris and Compton had been honoured similarly four years previously when each of those batsmen had scored a hundred in each innings of the Test played at Adelaide. It was a pleasant thought on the part of the Association, but it was a great pity that they had overlooked Hutton's outstanding performance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 52], "content_span": [53, 793]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0066-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Fourth Test \u2013 Adelaide, Result\nAustralia beat England in the Fourth Test at Adelaide by 274 runs to take a 4\u20130 lead in the series. It was Australia's 26 consecutive Test without defeat, its 14 without defeat against England and it was England's seventh Test defeat in succession. After the tightly contested First and Second Tests and the crippling injuries in the Third Test this was Australia's most conclusive victory in the series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 52], "content_span": [53, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0067-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Fifth Test \u2013 Melbourne, Preliminaries\nThe tide has turned but it is not yet high tide for England. There must be few people who did not welcome England's victory in the Fifth Test because it broke the monotonous string of Australian victories and sympathy was entirely with Freddie Brown and his men for the gallant performances they had put up throughout the tour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 59], "content_span": [60, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0068-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Fifth Test \u2013 Melbourne, Preliminaries\nGoing into the final Test England dropped the luckless John Warr in favour of Trevor Bailey and Freddie Brown has recovered enough for him to retain his place as captain. The Australian selectors declined to use the game to test some new players and kept their team except to drop Ken Archer in favour of debutant Graeme Hole. Jim Burke was promoted to open the innings with Arthur Morris, even though he had failed as Morris' opening partner for New South Wales and had found success only as a middle order batsman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 59], "content_span": [60, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0068-0001", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Fifth Test \u2013 Melbourne, Preliminaries\nThe players returned to Melbourne \u2013 scene of the Second Test \u2013 as in those days Sydney and Melbourne alternated having two Tests in the Ashes series. Ian Johnson played even though he had a foot infection, and was spared from bowling too much by Hassett. There had been thunderstorms in the week before the Test, and the outfield and bowler's run ups were soft. Lindsay Hassett won the toss as a matter of course and Australia batted first.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 59], "content_span": [60, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0069-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Fifth Test \u2013 Melbourne, Australia \u2013 First Innings\nIverson, last man in, arrived on the scene with his old battle-axe bat. This bat, which must be one of the strangest ever to make an appearance in a Test match, is bolstered up with a solid slab of leather bound firmly round the blade. It has the colour of a very old violin. Its handle is so pliable that it can be twisted in all directions. It must have seen its best days when its owner was a little boy at school. It has been a scrap-heap job for years. But Iverson seldom places much strain upon it.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 71], "content_span": [72, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0070-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Fifth Test \u2013 Melbourne, Australia \u2013 First Innings\nJim Burke provided the customary early wicket to fall, caught by Roy Tattersall at forward short-leg off Alec Bedser after he swopped ends with Trevor Bailey. Regardless of his recent double-century at Adelaide Morris (50) \"mistimed, misjudged and mishit\", but managed to stay in as he and captain Lindsay Hassett (92) slowly increased the Australian innings. They were barracked heavily by the small crowd of 7,000 (in a stadium capable of holding 80,000) who wanted them to make way for the strokemakers Neil Harvey and Keith Miller.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 71], "content_span": [72, 607]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0070-0001", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Fifth Test \u2013 Melbourne, Australia \u2013 First Innings\nTheir quality only became apparent when Morris was lbw to Brown at 111/2, closely followed by Harvey caught behind on 114/3 and Miller caught-and-bowled on 123/4 to give the England captain a spell of 3/0. The crowd increased to 20,000 as news of the England success traveled during the day and people came into see the fun. Hassett continued to hold the innings together, but Bedser worked his way through the line-up, bowling Graeme Hole and catching Ian Johnson lbw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 71], "content_span": [72, 541]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0070-0002", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Fifth Test \u2013 Melbourne, Australia \u2013 First Innings\nLen Hutton took an excellent catch off Brown to dismiss the Australian captain 8 runs short of his century and another off Bedser to dispose of Don Tallon. Ray Lindwall (21) and Bill Johnston (12 not out) led a small fight back to get Australia from 187/8 to 206/8 at stumps and not for the first time England had the advantage on the first day. The injury-prone Trevor Bailey had fallen heavily when bowling and an X-ray over the weekend found that he had chipped a bone in his foot, but he came back to play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 71], "content_span": [72, 582]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0070-0003", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Fifth Test \u2013 Melbourne, Australia \u2013 First Innings\nThe second day was lost to heavy rain and fears of another Brisbane-like sticky rose, but the pitch dried out on the Sunday and flattened out nicely when pressed by the big electric roller on the Monday. Bedser (5/46) had Lindwall caught by Compton in second slip and Brown (5/49) had Iverson caught by Washbrook in the covers and the Australian innings closed on 217. It was Brown's best bowling and his only five-wicket haul in Tests.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 71], "content_span": [72, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0071-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Fifth Test \u2013 Melbourne, England \u2013 First Innings\nIt was interesting to see the crowd's reaction to the English last-wicket partnership. They cheered every scoring shot and went into ecstasy over Tattersall's efforts. It was quite obvious that they had decided to fight the battle out for England and were plainly partisan... There are many Australians, and I am one of them, who believe that cricket will reach its highest level again when England and Australia are on level pegging. These were the people who cheered the tenth-wicket partnership to the echo.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 69], "content_span": [70, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0072-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Fifth Test \u2013 Melbourne, England \u2013 First Innings\nThe old firm of Hutton and Washbrook opened for England and added 40 runs in 32\u00a0minutes for the first wicket before Washbrook tickled a ball from Keith Miller into the gloves of Don Tallon. Brown thought that if the Australian bowling was attacked they would buckle under and England would get more runs, in any case Hutton hit 8 boundaries in his 79 and added 131 runs with Reg Simpson in 142\u00a0minutes, the only century stand of the series for England .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 69], "content_span": [70, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0072-0001", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Fifth Test \u2013 Melbourne, England \u2013 First Innings\nWith Hutton in fine form the Notts opener was able to play himself in and at 171/1 the English batsmen were in finally in control. In desperation Hassett brought on debutant Graeme Hole to try out his off-spinners and to everyone's surprise his fourth ball clean bowled the England opener and the Australian bowling attack took an interest in affairs again.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 69], "content_span": [70, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0072-0002", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Fifth Test \u2013 Melbourne, England \u2013 First Innings\nLindwall (3/77) and Miller (4/76) bowled with greater speed and hostility than at any time in the series and by stumps England were 218/6 with Compton, Sheppard, Brown and Evans all gone and Simpson (80 not out) left with Alec Bedser (3 not out). Lindwall bowled Bedser for 11 and Jack Iverson (2/40) disposed of Trevor Bailey and Doug Wright to bring last man Roy Tattersall in at 246/9 with England just 18 runs ahead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 69], "content_span": [70, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0072-0003", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Fifth Test \u2013 Melbourne, England \u2013 First Innings\nWith Simpson on 92 the main concern was whether he would reach 100 on this his 31st birthday, but this was soon resolved when he hit 11 runs off his next over from Miller. Hassett spread out the field to allow Simpson to take singles so they could concentrate on Tattersall, who was surrounded with close fielders. The young Lancastrian kept a straight bat and Simpson cracked 6 fours as they hit 50 runs in the 34\u00a0minutes before lunch.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 69], "content_span": [70, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0072-0004", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Fifth Test \u2013 Melbourne, England \u2013 First Innings\nMiller bowled Tattersall for 10 after the break and Simpson was left on 156 not out, his highest score in Tests and his greatest Test innings. Their stand added 74 runs in 55\u00a0minutes and took England to 320, their only score of the series over 300, and a lead of 103 runs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 69], "content_span": [70, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0073-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Fifth Test \u2013 Melbourne, Australia \u2013 Second Innings\nBedser was given a wonderful ovation when he came off the field with five more wickets to his name, and a match record of 10 for 105 \u2013 just one more instance of proof furnished by the Surrey man that on Australian wickets he is the world's outstanding pace bowler.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 72], "content_span": [73, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0074-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Fifth Test \u2013 Melbourne, Australia \u2013 Second Innings\nAustralian hopes that they could set England a good target received an immediate double blow as Alec Bedser sent Morris and Burke straight back to the pavilion. Lindsay Hassett and Neil Harvey salvaged a stand of 81 from the wreckage of 6/2, with Harvey swashbuckling his way to 52 in what Bill O'Reilly thought was his best innings of the series. He was torpedoed by a shooter from Doug Wright (3/56) and Freddie Brown (1/32) caught and bowled Keith Miller for a duck to leave them 89/4.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 72], "content_span": [73, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0074-0001", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Fifth Test \u2013 Melbourne, Australia \u2013 Second Innings\nHassett found another partner in Graeme Hole and saw out the day at 129/4, but was skittled in the morning for 48 \u2013 Doug Wright's 100th test wicket \u2013 when a leg-spinner zipped one past his bat and toppled his off-stump. Wright finally showed why he was so feared on the county circuit when Ian Johnson lofted a googly to Brown at mid-off. Australia were now 142/6, a mere 39 runs ahead, but Hole stood steady for three hours making 63 until he was bowled by Trevor Bailey (1/32).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 72], "content_span": [73, 552]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0074-0002", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Fifth Test \u2013 Melbourne, Australia \u2013 Second Innings\nBrown figured that if anybody deserved some easy wickets it was Bedser and the big Surrey bowler removed Lindwall, Johnston and Iverson for five runs and ending his superb tour with 5/59, 10/105 in the match. His 30 wickets (16.06) was the most by an English bowler in Australia since Harold Larwood's 33 wickets (19.51) in 1932\u201333.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 72], "content_span": [73, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0075-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Fifth Test \u2013 Melbourne, England \u2013 Second Innings\nNot once, but three times, the stumps were plucked by players eager to grab souvenirs of an historic occasion. First of all, the Australian captain bowled a full toss down the leg side and took it for granted that Compton would hit the ball to the boundary rails. He forgot that Compton was out of form and out of luck. Instead of the ball going to the rails, it was missed completely and poor Tallon, with his arms full of stumps and bails, had to drop the lot and take the ball.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 70], "content_span": [71, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0076-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Fifth Test \u2013 Melbourne, England \u2013 Second Innings\nEngland needed 95 runs to win and \"an earthquake would not have shaken Hutton's determination not to be out when until victory was gained\". he made 60 not out, his fifth innings over 50 and fourth unbeaten innings of the series and hit the winning runs. Washbrook (7) and Simpson (15) did not last the pace, but Denis Compton finally had some luck as he made 11 not out.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 70], "content_span": [71, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0076-0001", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Fifth Test \u2013 Melbourne, England \u2013 Second Innings\nLindsay Hassett bowled the last over with the fielders crowded round the batsman, not in the hope of a catch, but so they could fight Don Tallon and the umpire for souvenir stumps and bails. They jumped the gun twice, once when Hassett bowled a rank full toss down the leg side, expecting Denis Compton to sweep it to the boundary, so did the umpire who called no ball and grabbed two stumps, Hassett the other and Tallon three, but the Compton missed, Tallon dropped his stumps as he jumped on the ball and they had to start again.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 70], "content_span": [71, 603]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0076-0002", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Fifth Test \u2013 Melbourne, England \u2013 Second Innings\nThe next ball was a single, then with one run to win Hutton amused himself by smothering a full toss amidst the chaos. Play was held up until Ian Johnson returned a bail he had hidden in his pocket. Finally, Compton pulled a stump out the ground and ran down the wicket as Hutton pushed the ball wide of square-leg and trotted over the crease to be congratulated by Hassett while Tallon fought off the close fielders for the stumps.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 70], "content_span": [71, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0076-0003", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Fifth Test \u2013 Melbourne, England \u2013 Second Innings\nThe English batsmen were cheered off the pitch and they shouted for Brown to give them a speech, which he did, giving particular thanks to Len Hutton and Alec Bedser. The team repaired to their hotel for toasts of Champagne \"To England \u2013 and to Freddie Brown\" and to read the congratulatory telegrams that poured in from all over the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 70], "content_span": [71, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0077-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, Fifth Test \u2013 Melbourne, Result\nEngland beat Australia by 8 wickets, but still lost the series 4\u20131. It was the first Test England had won since the First Test vs the West Indies at Old Trafford in 1950, having lost the 7 intervening Tests. It was their first victory over Australia since the Fifth Test at the Oval in 1938, 15 Tests previously. The only survivors were Len Hutton and Denis Compton, the batsmen at the wicket when the winning runs were scored, and Lindsay Hassett, who bowled the final over. It was the first Test Australia had lost since the Oval in 1938 and ended their run of 26 Tests and 96 games in all cricket without defeat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 52], "content_span": [53, 668]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0078-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, 1950\u201351 Test series averages\nAs was the convention of the time gentleman amateurs have their initials in front of their surname and professional players have their initials after their name, if used at all. The Australians were all amateurs until the Packer Revolution, even though they played like professionals. Jack Iverson in his only Test series took 21 wickets (15.23), giving him the 10th lowest bowling average of those who have taken 10 or more Test wickets. Len Hutton's batting average (88.83) was double that of every other batsmen in the series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 50], "content_span": [51, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0078-0001", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, 1950\u201351 Test series averages\nKeith Miller (43.75) topped the Australian batting averages, the lowest average to do so by an Australian since the 1911\u201312 Ashes series when Sidney Barnes and Frank Foster ran riot. Only five centuries were made in the series, the lowest in an Ashes series since 1920\u201321. England's 10th wicket stands produced 195 runs (32.50), better than for any other England wicket, except the 2nd, which made 412 runs (45.78).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 50], "content_span": [51, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068253-0079-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ashes series, The press corps\nThe 1950\u201351 cricket press corps presented a formidable team in its own right; Sid Barnes, Dick Whitington, John Kay, Jack Fingleton, Vivian Jenkins, Arthur Mailey, Harold Larwood, Evelyn Wellings, Bert Oldfield, Bill Bowes, Bill O'Reilly and Clarrie Grimmett. They played several games on the tour against minor teams and schools, including a Christmas Eve charity match against Bill Ponford's XI which presented \u00a31,000 to a nursing charity and games against schoolboy teams in Perth, Brisbane, Sydney, Melbourne and Adelaide. The radio commentators included the Australian captain Vic Richardson and Arthur Gilligan the popular England captain of the 1924\u201325 Ashes series. Gilligan's \"What do you think, Vic?\" was inevitably followed by Richardson's \"I dunno, what do you think, Arthur? \", which became an Australian catchphrase.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 37], "content_span": [38, 868]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068254-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Austrian football championship, Overview\nIt was contested by 13 teams, and SK Rapid Wien won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 48], "content_span": [49, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068255-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Baltimore Bullets season\nThe 1950\u201351 NBA season was the Bullets' 4th season in the NBA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 95]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068256-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Belgian First Division, Overview\nIt was contested by 16 teams, and R.S.C. Anderlecht won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068257-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Birmingham City F.C. season\nThe 1950\u201351 Football League season was Birmingham City Football Club's 48th in the Football League and their 20th in the Second Division, having been relegated from the First Division in 1949\u201350. They finished in 4th position in the 22-team division. They entered the 1950\u201351 FA Cup at the third round proper and reached the semi-final, in which they lost to Blackpool after a replay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068257-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Birmingham City F.C. season\nTwenty-two players made at least one appearance in nationally organised competitive football during the season, and there were thirteen different goalscorers. Goalkeeper Gil Merrick, full-back Arthur Atkins and winger Johnny Berry were ever-present in the 48-game season, and Cyril Trigg was the leading goalscorer with 19 goals, of which 17 came in league matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068257-0002-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Birmingham City F.C. season\nAs part of the Festival of Britain, friendly matches were arranged at the end of this season between British clubs and teams from other parts of the British Isles and from continental Europe. Birmingham played in four such matches, against teams from Scotland, Ireland and Yugoslavia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068257-0003-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Birmingham City F.C. season, Football League Second Division\nNote that not all teams completed their playing season on the same day. Birmingham were in third position after their last game of the season, on 28 April, but by the time the last game was played, on 5 May, they had been overtaken by Cardiff City and finished fourth, three points behind the promotion places.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 68], "content_span": [69, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068257-0004-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Birmingham City F.C. season, FA Cup\nBirmingham beat Manchester City, Bristol City, and First Division teams Derby County and Manchester United, without needing a replay and while conceding only one goal, to reach the semi-final, in which they faced another First Division team, Blackpool. The Times suggested that the fixture, \"as always when Matthews plays, will present the problem of how to smother the greatest player in the history of English football\", warning that \"to smother Matthews\u2014should they even succeed\u2014is not to smother Blackpool.\" Supporters queued all night for tickets; the 20,000 allocation sold out within two hours. In addition to several special trains, the supporters' club chartered 60 coaches to travel to Maine Road, Manchester, where touts were offering tickets for sale at four times face value.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 43], "content_span": [44, 832]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068257-0005-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Birmingham City F.C. season, FA Cup\nBlackpool were the class team, but \"Birmingham, with their fiery, quick tackling, their spirit and the snapping up of stray chances, have swept class aside before now.\" Though failing to sweep Blackpool aside, they did stop them scoring, combatting the attacking threat by switching the pacy Jack Badham to the left to man-mark Matthews and using the other defenders, among whom Arthur Atkins stood out, to cut out his crosses. With two minutes left, Jackie Stewart's \"terrific left-foot shot struck a post, then passed out, with thousands of horrified Blackpool supporters on the verge of doing likewise.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 43], "content_span": [44, 650]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068257-0006-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Birmingham City F.C. season, FA Cup\nIn the replay, at Goodison Park in front of a 70,000 crowd, \"the greatest mystery of all was why the Blackpool inside forwards did not run up a total of five or six goals in the opening hour\u2014to put it conservatively\", with Matthews in \"his finest form\". They scored twice, but within a minute of the second, Bill Smith pulled one back after Johnny Berry's corner rebounded from a post. In the remainder of the match, Birmingham rallied, with shots from all parts; \"Blackpool weathered the storm they had brought upon themselves, but how gallantly had Birmingham died.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 43], "content_span": [44, 612]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068257-0007-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Birmingham City F.C. season, Festival of Britain\nAs part of the Festival of Britain, friendly matches were arranged at the end of this season between British clubs and against teams from continental Europe. Birmingham played in four such matches, against teams from Scotland, Ireland and Yugoslavia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 56], "content_span": [57, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068258-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Blackpool F.C. season\nThe 1950\u201351 season was Blackpool F.C. 's 43rd season (40th consecutive) in the Football League. They competed in the 22-team Division One, then the top tier of English football, finishing third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068258-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Blackpool F.C. season\nThe club also appeared in their second FA Cup Final in four seasons; however, as on the first occasion, they lost, this time to Newcastle United (see 1951 FA Cup Final), who finished one place behind them in the league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068258-0002-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Blackpool F.C. season\nStan Mortensen was the club's top scorer for the seventh consecutive season, with 35 goals (30 in the league and five in the FA Cup).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068259-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Boston Bruins season\nThe 1950\u201351 Boston Bruins season was the Bruins' 27th season in the NHL.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068260-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Boston Celtics season\nThe 1950\u201351 Boston Celtics season was the fifth season of the Boston Celtics in the National Basketball Association (NBA). It was Red Auerbach's first season as head coach. This was the first winning season in franchise history, finishing 9 games above .500, beginning a streak of 19 consecutive winning seasons. They also qualified for the playoffs for the second time in franchise history, starting a streak of 19 consecutive postseason appearances.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068261-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Bradford City A.F.C. season\nThe 1950\u201351 Bradford City A.F.C. season was the 38th in the club's history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068261-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Bradford City A.F.C. season\nThe club finished 7th in Division Three North, and reached the 1st round of the FA Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068262-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Brentford F.C. season\nDuring the 1950\u201351 English football season, Brentford competed in the Football League Second Division. Amidst a period of transition, the Bees repeated the previous season's 9th-place finish.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068262-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Brentford F.C. season, Season summary\nJackie Gibbons' Brentford began the 1950\u201351 season with Billy Dare as the only recognised goalscorer on the club's books. The squad was augmented by young forward Bernard Kelly and former Blackpool right half Ken Horne replaced the retired Malky MacDonald. Aside from four wins in a row in August and September 1950, Brentford had a torrid first half of the season and fell to just one place above relegation by mid-November. Injuries and constant tinkering meant manager Gibbons had been unable to field a settled XI.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068262-0002-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Brentford F.C. season, Season summary\nA 4\u20130 win over Southampton on Boxing Day was the turning point. A new half back line was formed, with forwards Tony Harper and Jimmy Hill moving back to play alongside captain Ron Greenwood. Fred Monk, who had been converted into a full back, was re-deployed in his original forward position. Manager Jackie Gibbons also recruited football analyst Charles Reep in February 1951. Fred Monk, Billy Sperrin and Billy Dare scored regularly from mid-January 1951 through to the end of the season and helped the team secure a second-successive 9th-place finish. Monk set a new club record when he scored in 10 consecutive matches between February and April 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 702]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068263-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 British Home Championship\nThe 1950\u201351 British Home Championship football tournament was the Home Nations follow-up to England's disastrous appearance at their first World Cup, the 1950 FIFA World Cup in Brazil. There the much vaunted English had been beaten by the USA and Spain. The Scots had refused to go, and the Welsh and the Irish had failed to qualify. The Scots went on to capitalise on the demoralised English by taking the Home Championship away from them too.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068263-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 British Home Championship\nThe tournament began with wins for the favourites away from home, England beating the Irish and Scotland the Welsh. In the second matches, this dominance was emphasised with powerful wins by England in Sunderland over the Welsh and Scotland who beat the Irish 6\u20131 including four goals from Billy Steel. In the final game at Wembley Stadium, a tense and furious game brought the trophy to Scotland, who finished 3\u20132 winners. Wales had already beaten Ireland to claim third spot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068264-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 British Ice Hockey season\nThe 1950\u201351 British Ice Hockey season featured the English National League and Scottish National League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068264-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 British Ice Hockey season, Scottish Autumn Cup, Results\nFinalAyr and Fife played a tiebreaker series as they finished level on points and it had previously been decided that goal difference wouldn't count in such a situation. As a result, the two teams played a two-game total goal tiebreaker series. The first two games were completed with the teams finishing level on points, so another two games were arranged to decide a winner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 63], "content_span": [64, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068265-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Buffalo Bulls men's basketball team\nThe 1950\u201351 Buffalo Bulls men's basketball team represented the University of Buffalo during the 1950\u201351 NCAA college men's basketball season. The head coach was Malcolm S. Eiken, coaching his fifth season with the Bulls.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068266-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Cardiff City F.C. season\nThe 1950\u201351 season was Cardiff City F.C. 's 24th season in the Football League. They competed in the 22-team Division Two, then the second tier of English football, finishing third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068266-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Cardiff City F.C. season, Season review, Welsh Cup\nIn the Welsh Cup, Cardiff started their campaign by scoring fifteen goals in two games with an 8\u20130 win over Barry Town followed by a 7\u20131 victory over Bangor City. After beating Wrexham 1\u20130, Cardiff suffered a 3\u20132 defeat to Merthyr Tydfil in a final replay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 58], "content_span": [59, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068266-0002-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Cardiff City F.C. season, Players\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 41], "content_span": [42, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068267-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Carlisle United F.C. season\nFor the 1950\u201351 season, Carlisle United F.C. competed in Football League Third Division North.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068268-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Celtic F.C. season\nDuring the 1950\u201351 Scottish football season, Celtic competed in Scottish Division A.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068269-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Challenge Cup\nThe 1950\u201351 Challenge Cup was the 50th staging of rugby league's oldest knockout competition, the Challenge Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068269-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Challenge Cup\nThe final was contested by Wigan and Barrow at Wembley Stadium in London.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 95]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068269-0002-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Challenge Cup\nThe final was played on Saturday 5 May 1951, where Wigan beat Barrow 10\u20130 in front of a crowd of 94,262.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068270-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Chester F.C. season\nThe 1950\u201351 season was the 13th season of competitive association football in the Football League played by Chester, an English club based in Chester, Cheshire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068270-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Chester F.C. season\nIt was the club's 13th consecutive season in the Third Division North since the election to the Football League. Alongside competing in the league, the club also participated in the FA Cup and the Welsh Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068271-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Chicago Black Hawks season\nThe 1950\u201351 Chicago Black Hawks season was the team's 25th season in the NHL, and they were coming off of a last place finish in 1949\u201350, as the Hawks had a record of 22\u201338\u201310, earning 54 points, and failing to qualify for the post-season for the fourth season in a row. In 1950\u201351, the Black Hawks would have one of the worst seasons in their history, winning only 13 games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068271-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Chicago Black Hawks season, Off-season\nIn the off-season, the Black Hawks and Detroit Red Wings made the biggest trade in NHL history at the time, as Chicago sent Jim Henry, Gaye Stewart, Bob Goldham and Metro Prystai to Detroit for Harry Lumley, Jack Stewart, Al Dewsbury, Don Morrison and Pete Babando. The club also replaced head coach Charlie Conacher with former Red Wings player Ebbie Goodfellow, and named the newly acquired Jack Stewart the captain of the team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068271-0002-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Chicago Black Hawks season, Regular season\nChicago started the season off playing very good hockey, as they went a solid 7\u20133\u20132 in their opening 12 games. The Black Hawks then fell into a slump, however, 27 games into the season, they were still playing over .500 hockey, as their record was 11\u201310\u20136, and fighting with the New York Rangers, Boston Bruins and Montreal Canadiens for a playoff spot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 50], "content_span": [51, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068271-0002-0001", "contents": "1950\u201351 Chicago Black Hawks season, Regular season\nChicago then ran into injuries, as team captain Jack Stewart ruptured a disc in his back, ending his season after only 26 games, while Gus Bodnar and Bill Gadsby would also run into severe injury problems, as the Black Hawks would go on to a 2\u201337\u20134 record in their last 43 games, finishing in last place for the second consecutive season. The 36 points the Hawks earned was the lowest total since 1944\u201345, when the team earned 33, however, they played 20 less games that season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 50], "content_span": [51, 529]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068271-0003-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Chicago Black Hawks season, Regular season\nOffensively, Chicago was led by Roy Conacher, who notched a team high 26 goals and 50 points, while Jim Conacher recorded a team high 27 assists, and finished tied with Pete Babando in second place on the team scoring list with 37 points. Bill Mosienko would join Roy Conacher as the only Hawks to record over 20 goals, as he registered 21 goals. Al Dewsbury led the blueline with 5 goals and 19 points, and had a club high 79 penalty minutes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 50], "content_span": [51, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068271-0004-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Chicago Black Hawks season, Regular season\nIn goal, newly acquired Harry Lumley played the majority of the games, winning a team high 12 games while posting a team best 3.90 GAA, while earning three shutouts along the way.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 50], "content_span": [51, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068272-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Colchester United F.C. season\nThe 1950\u201351 season was Colchester United's ninth season in their history and their first ever season in the Football League, competing in the Third Division South, the third tier of English football. Alongside competing in the Third Division South, the club also participated in the FA Cup. The club ended the league season in 16th-position, while they exited the FA Cup in the first round following a defeat to Bournemouth & Boscombe Athletic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068272-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Colchester United F.C. season, Season overview\nColchester's first\u2013ever game in the Football League was against their old Southern League rivals Gillingham at Priestfield Stadium on 19 August 1950. A crowd of 19,542 witnessed the 0\u20130 draw between the sides. Five days later, Bob Curry scored the U's first\u2013ever Football League goal during a 1\u20131 draw at Swindon Town, but it was not until 31 August that the Layer Road crowd were able to enjoy its first Football League goal for the home side. Arthur Turner, the season's top\u2013scorer with 15 goals, struck five minutes into a 4\u20131 win in the return game with Swindon. Colchester remained unbeaten in their first seven games, a run that equalled a record for new clubs entering the Football League set by Aberdare Athletic in 1921\u201322.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 54], "content_span": [55, 787]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068272-0002-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Colchester United F.C. season, Season overview\nAfter occupying second position in the Third Division South table, the U's suffered a slump in form, losing nine of the next ten games. They finished the season in 16th-position, averaging 10,571 through the Layer Road turnstiles. It would be the only season that Layer Road would host a five-figure season average.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 54], "content_span": [55, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068272-0003-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Colchester United F.C. season, Squad statistics, Player debuts\nPlayers making their first-team Colchester United debut in a fully competitive match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 70], "content_span": [71, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068273-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Connecticut Huskies men's basketball team\nThe 1950\u201351 Connecticut Huskies men's basketball team represented the University of Connecticut in the 1950\u201351 collegiate men's basketball season. The Huskies completed the season with a 22\u20134 overall record. The Huskies were members of the Yankee Conference, where they ended the season with a 6\u20131 record. They were the Yankee Conference regular season champions and made it to the first round of the 1951 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament. The Huskies played their home games at Hawley Armory in Storrs, Connecticut, and were led by fifth-year head coach Hugh Greer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 627]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068274-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Copa Federaci\u00f3n de Espa\u00f1a\nThe Copa Federaci\u00f3n de Espa\u00f1a 1950\u201351 was the 3rd staging (old competition) of the Copa Federaci\u00f3n de Espa\u00f1a, a knockout competition for Spanish football clubs in La Liga and Segunda Divisi\u00f3n.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068274-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Copa Federaci\u00f3n de Espa\u00f1a\nThe competition began on 13 May 1951 and ended with the final on 1 July 1951, where C\u00f3rdoba became champion after defeating Baracaldo.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068274-0002-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Copa Federaci\u00f3n de Espa\u00f1a, Qualified teams\nThe following teams competed in the 1950\u201351 Copa Federaci\u00f3n de Espa\u00f1a:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 50], "content_span": [51, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068275-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Copa M\u00e9xico\nThe Copa M\u00e9xico 1950\u201351 was the 35th staging of the Copa M\u00e9xico, the 8th staging in the professional era.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068275-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Copa M\u00e9xico\nThe competition started on May 6, 1951, and concluded on May 27, 1951, with the final, in which Atlante lifted the trophy for the second time ever with a 1\u20130 victory over Guadalajara.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068275-0002-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Copa M\u00e9xico\nThis edition was played only by 12 teams, in a knock-out stage, in a single match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068276-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Cypriot Cup\nThe 1950\u201351 Cypriot Cup was the 14th edition of the Cypriot Cup. A total of 8 clubs entered the competition. It began on 14 January 1951 with the quarterfinals and concluded on 25 February 1951 with the replay final which was held at GSP Stadium. APOEL won their 4th Cypriot Cup trophy after beating EPA 7\u20130 in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068276-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Cypriot Cup, Format\nIn the 1950\u201351 Cypriot Cup, participated all the teams of the Cypriot First Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 27], "content_span": [28, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068276-0002-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Cypriot Cup, Format\nThe competition consisted of three knock-out rounds. In all rounds each tie was played as a single leg and was held at the home ground of the one of the two teams, according to the draw results. Each tie winner was qualifying to the next round. If a match was drawn, extra time was following. If extra time was drawn, there was a replay match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 27], "content_span": [28, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068277-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Cypriot First Division\nStatistics of the Cypriot Football First Division for the 1950\u201351 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068277-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Cypriot First Division, Overview\nIt was contested by 8 teams, and \u00c7etinkaya T\u00fcrk S.K. won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068278-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Czechoslovak Extraliga season\nThe 1950\u201351 Czechoslovak Extraliga season was the eighth season of the Czechoslovak Extraliga, the top level of ice hockey in Czechoslovakia. Eight teams participated in the league, and ZSJ SKP Ceske Budejovice won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068279-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 DDR-Oberliga\nThe 1950\u201351 DDR-Oberliga was the second season of the DDR-Oberliga, the first tier of league football in East Germany.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068279-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 DDR-Oberliga\nThe league was contested by 18 teams and BSG Chemie Leipzig won the championship after a championship play-off with BSG Turbine Erfurt because the two teams finished on equal points. It was Chemie Leipzig's first-ever East German championship, with the club winning a second one in 1963\u201364.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068279-0002-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 DDR-Oberliga\nJohannes Sch\u00f6ne of BSG Rotation Babelsberg was the league's top scorer with 37 goals, the highest total of any DDR-Oberliga top scorer throughout the history of the league. The 1950\u201351 season also saw the highest-ever goal average for the league with 3,85 goals scored per game. While the total goals scored was second only to the following season, 1,178 compare to 1,233, the 1951\u201352 season had 19 instead of 18 clubs in the league and therefore 36 extra season games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068279-0003-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 DDR-Oberliga, Table\nThe 1950\u201351 season saw SG Volkspolizei Dresden take the place of SG Friedrichstadt while SG Union Obersch\u00f6neweide, VfB Pankow and SV Lichtenberg 47 moved across from the Stadtliga Berlin and BSG Rotation Dresden, BSG Stahl Thale and BSG Turbine Weimar were promoted from the second level. Originally four clubs were scheduled to be relegated but the two East Berlin clubs SG Union Obersch\u00f6neweide and VfB Pankow were allowed to remain in the league for the following season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 27], "content_span": [28, 502]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068279-0004-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 DDR-Oberliga, Name changes\nCompared to the previous season all eleven clubs that had retained their league place changed their name during the off-season and in the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 34], "content_span": [35, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068280-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 DDR-Oberliga championship play-off\nThe championship play-off of the 1950\u201351 DDR-Oberliga took place on 20 May 1951 at the Ernst-Th\u00e4lmann-Stadion in Chemnitz between Chemie Leipzig and Turbine Erfurt. The match decided the winner of the 1950\u201351 DDR-Oberliga, the 2nd season of the DDR-Oberliga, the top-level football league in East Germany. The match was necessary as both teams finished the season level on points. At the time, the rules stated that if this were to occur, a playoff would be necessary to decide the national champion. With a 2\u20130 victory, Chemie Leipzig secured the championship for their 1st national title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 633]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068280-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 DDR-Oberliga championship play-off, Background\nThe final phase of the championship for a long time was a three-way battle between Motor Zwickau, Chemie Leipzig, and Turbine Erfurt. However, as Zwickau lost both games against these direct opponents, they ended up finishing third. Two matchdays before the end of the season saw Leipzig leading Erfurt by a point. But on the final day they lost their table lead after a 2\u20133 defeat against Rotation Babelsberg. At the same time, Erfurt won 2\u20130 against Zwickau, meaning Chemie Leipzig and Turbine Erfurt were level on points at the top of the table.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 54], "content_span": [55, 603]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068280-0002-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 DDR-Oberliga championship play-off, Match, Summary\nWhile Chemie Leipzig were able to compete with their starting players, Turbine Erfurt were without defender Helmut Nordhaus and center-forward Wolfgang Nitsche, two important players. Both were suspended due to being disciplined in the international match between East Germany and Poland. Erfurt had another loss to cope with, as twelve minutes into the game, striker Heinz Hammer had to be substituted out due to an injury. Prior to that, Leipzig's attacker Georg Zenker had proven the dangerousness of his team with a good opportunity.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 58], "content_span": [59, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068280-0002-0001", "contents": "1950\u201351 DDR-Oberliga championship play-off, Match, Summary\nAt first the game was open, and Erfurt had an opportunity to take the lead in the 25th minute. However, Heinz Wozniakowski's free kick hit the post. Erfurt were thankful for the weak performance of the left attack side of Leipzig of Heinz Fr\u00f6hlich and Rolf Grupe, and the absence of Nordhaus remained unnoticed for the time being.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 58], "content_span": [59, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068280-0003-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 DDR-Oberliga championship play-off, Match, Summary\nThe second half began with a strong offensive by Turbine Erfurt. In this period, the defence organized by Werner Eilitz of Leipzig proved its class. Leipzig had already conceded the fewest goals in the past Oberliga season, and now also stood up to the test of Erfurt. In the 52nd minute Erfurt scored what should have been a goal, but was falsely disallowed by referee Liebschner because of alleged offside player. In the middle of Erfurt's strong period, Chemie countered with surprising play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 58], "content_span": [59, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068280-0003-0001", "contents": "1950\u201351 DDR-Oberliga championship play-off, Match, Summary\nRudolf Krause got past two Erfurt players and slotted the ball to Gerhard Helbig, who took the ball and scored past the Erfurt keeper for a 1\u20130 lead. Five minutes later, both players again found themselves combining. This time, Krause scored Leipzig's second goal with a 16-meter-long shot. Although Erfurt's best player, Jochen M\u00fcller, continued his efforts, Erfurt could no longer turn the result, and the match finished as a 2\u20130 win for Chemie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 58], "content_span": [59, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068281-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Danish 1st Division, Overview\nIt was contested by 10 teams, and Akademisk Boldklub won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068282-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Detroit Red Wings season\nThe 1950\u201351 Detroit Red Wings season was the Red Wings' 25th season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068282-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Detroit Red Wings season, Player statistics, Playoffs\nNote: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; +/- = Plus-minus PIM = Penalty minutes; PPG = Power-play goals; SHG = Short-handed goals; GWG = Game-winning goals;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0MIN = Minutes played; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; GA = Goals against; GAA = Goals-against average;  SO = Shutouts;", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 61], "content_span": [62, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068283-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Drexel Dragons men's basketball team\nThe 1950\u201351 Drexel Dragons men's basketball team represented Drexel Institute of Technology during the 1950\u201351 men's basketball season. The Dragons, led by 2nd year head coach Harold Kollar, played their home games at Curtis Hall Gym and were members of the Southern division of the Middle Atlantic Conferences (MAC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068283-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Drexel Dragons men's basketball team\nThey finished the season 5\u201312, 3\u20137 in MAC play to finish in fifth place in the regular season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068284-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Duke Blue Devils men's basketball team\nThe 1950\u201351 Duke Blue Devils men's basketball team represented Duke University during the 1950\u201351 men's college basketball season. The head coach was Harold Bradley, coaching his first season with the Blue Devils. The team finished with an overall record of 20\u201313.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068285-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Dumbarton F.C. season\nThe 1950\u201351 season was the 67th Scottish football season in which Dumbarton competed at national level, entering the Scottish Football League, the Scottish Cup and the Scottish League Cup. In addition Dumbarton competed in the Stirlingshire Cup and the Stirlingshire Consolation Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068285-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Dumbarton F.C. season, Scottish League\nThe league campaign looked to be following those of recent years, with the first win registered after 8 attempts, however a late burst of 5 wins in the final 6 games saw Dumbarton finish in a creditable 9th place (out of 16) with 29 points, 16 behind champions Queen of the South.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 46], "content_span": [47, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068285-0002-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Dumbarton F.C. season, Scottish Cup\nThe Scottish Cup saw Dumbarton exit early to St Johnstone in the first round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068285-0003-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Dumbarton F.C. season, Scottish League Cup\nIn the League Cup, qualification from the sectional games still proved a problem, finishing 4th and last, with a win and two draws being taken from their 6 games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 50], "content_span": [51, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068285-0004-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Dumbarton F.C. season, Stirlingshire Cup\nIn the Stirlingshire Cup, Stirling Albion overcame Dumbarton in the semi final after two draws.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 48], "content_span": [49, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068285-0005-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Dumbarton F.C. season, Stirlingshire Consolation Cup\nIn a short-lived revival of the Stirlingshire Consolation Cup (a competition for those clubs eliminated early in the previous season's Stirlingshire Cup) Dumbarton finished as runners-up, again to Stirling Albion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068285-0006-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Dumbarton F.C. season, Reserve team\nFor the second successive season, Dumbarton played a reserve team in Division C (South West) and finished 15th out of 16, recording 7 wins and 4 draws from 30 matches. Note that in addition to the reserve sides of the bigger Division A teams in South and West Scotland, the first teams of East Stirlingshire (relegated from Division B two seasons previously) and Stranraer also competed in this league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068285-0007-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Dumbarton F.C. season, Reserve team\nIn the Second XI Cup, Dumbarton lost in the first round to Hamilton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068285-0008-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Dumbarton F.C. season, Reserve team\nFinally in the Reserve League Cup, with only a single win from 6 sectional matches, Dumbarton failed to qualify for the knock-out stages.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068286-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Dundee F.C. season\nThe 1950\u201351 season was the forty-ninth season in which Dundee competed at a Scottish national level, playing in Division A, where the club would finish in 3rd place. Dundee would also compete in both the Scottish Cup and the Scottish League Cup. They would fail to make it out of the group stages in the League Cup, but would make it to the Quarter-finals in the Scottish Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068287-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Dundee United F.C. season\nThe 1950\u201351 season was the 43rd year of football played by Dundee United, and covers the period from 1 July 1950 to 30 June 1951. United finished in fourth place in the Second Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068287-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Dundee United F.C. season, Match results\nDundee United played a total of 40 competitive matches during the 1950\u201351 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 48], "content_span": [49, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068287-0002-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Dundee United F.C. season, Match results, Legend\nAll results are written with Dundee United's score first. Own goals in italics", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 56], "content_span": [57, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068288-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Egyptian Premier League\nThe 1950\u201351 Egyptian Premier League started on September 1950. Al Ahly were crowned champions for the third time in the club's history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068289-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 English National League season\nThe 1950\u201351 English National League season was the 10th season of the English National League, the top level ice hockey league in England. Six teams participated in the league, and the Nottingham Panthers won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068290-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 European Rugby League Championship\nThis was the eleventh European Championships and was won for the third time by France on points difference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068291-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Everton F.C. season\nDuring the 1950\u201351 English football season, Everton F.C. competed in the Football League First Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068291-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Everton F.C. season, Final League Table\nP = Matches played; W = Matches won; D = Matches drawn; L = Matches lost; F = Goals for; A = Goals against; GA = Goal average; GD = Goal difference; Pts = Points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 47], "content_span": [48, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068292-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 FA Cup\nThe 1950\u201351 FA Cup was the 70th season of the world's oldest football cup competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup, commonly known as the FA Cup. Newcastle United won the competition for the fourth time, beating Blackpool 2\u20130 in the final at Wembley, London.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068292-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 FA Cup\nMatches were scheduled to be played at the stadium of the team named first on the date specified for each round, which was always a Saturday. If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played, a replay would take place at the stadium of the second-named team later the same week. If the replayed match was drawn further replays would be held at neutral venues until a winner was determined. If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played in a replay, a 30-minute period of extra time would be played.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068292-0002-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 FA Cup, Results, First Round Proper\nAt this stage 43 clubs from the Football League Third Division North and South joined 25 non-league clubs having come through the qualifying rounds. Gateshead and Northampton Town as the strongest Third Division finishers in the previous season, were given a bye to the Third Round along with Stockport County, who qualified to the fifth round the last season. Of the four new clubs admitted to Football League this season, only Gillingham entered in this round and the other three were required to start in the qualifying rounds (which caused Shrewsbury Town to withdraw in protest). To make the number of matches up, non-league Willington received a bye to this round. Matches were played on Saturday, 25 November 1950. Six matches were drawn, with replays taking place later the same week.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 43], "content_span": [44, 836]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068292-0003-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 FA Cup, Results, Second Round Proper\nThe matches were played on Saturday, 9 December 1950. Three matches were drawn, with replays taking place on the following Wednesday. One second replay was played on Monday, 18 December 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 44], "content_span": [45, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068292-0004-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 FA Cup, Results, Third Round Proper\nThe 44 First and Second Division clubs entered the competition at this stage along with Gateshead, Northampton Town and Stockport County. The matches were scheduled to be played on Saturday, 6 January 1951, though two were postponed until later the same week. Five matches were drawn, with replays taking place later the same week.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 43], "content_span": [44, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068292-0005-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 FA Cup, Results, Fourth Round Proper\nThe matches were played on Saturday, 27 January 1951. Two matches were drawn, the replays being played on Wednesday, 31 January 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 44], "content_span": [45, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068292-0006-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 FA Cup, Results, Fifth Round Proper\nThe matches were played on Saturday, 10 February 1951. One match was drawn and replayed the following Wednesday.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 43], "content_span": [44, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068292-0007-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 FA Cup, Results, Final\nThe final took place on Saturday, 28 April 1951 at Wembley and ended in a victory for Newcastle United over Blackpool by 2\u20130, with both goals scored by Jackie Milburn. The attendance was 100,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 30], "content_span": [31, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068293-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 FA Cup qualifying rounds\nThe FA Cup 1950\u201351 is the 70th season of the world's oldest football knockout competition; The Football Association Challenge Cup, or FA Cup for short. The large number of clubs entering the tournament from lower down the English football league system meant that the competition started with a number of preliminary and qualifying rounds. The 25 victorious teams from the Fourth Round Qualifying progressed to the First Round Proper.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068293-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 FA Cup qualifying rounds, 4th qualifying round\nThe teams that entered in this round are: Colchester United, Scunthorpe United, Yeovil Towm, Bromley, Leytonstone, Bishop Auckland, Cheltenham Town, Guildford City, Chelmsford City, Gainsborough Trinity, Stockton, Workington, Walthamstow Avenue, Dartford, Witton Albion, Worcester City, Weymouth, Gloucester City, North Shields, Billingham Synthonia. Rhyl, Northwich Victoria, Bromsgrove Rovers and Nuneaton Borough.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 54], "content_span": [55, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068293-0002-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 FA Cup qualifying rounds, 1950\u201351 FA Cup\nSee 1950\u201351 FA Cup for details of the rounds from the First Round Proper onwards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068294-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 FC Basel season\nThe 1950\u201351 season was Fussball Club Basel 1893's 57th season in their existence. It was their fifth season in Nationalliga A the top flight of Swiss football following their promotion from the Nationalliga B in the season 1945\u201346. For the second consecutive season Basel played their home games in the Stadion Sch\u00fctzenmatte in the Bachletten quartier in the southwestern edge of the city of Basel. Jules D\u00fcblin was the club's chairman for the fifth successive season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068294-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 FC Basel season, Overview\nErnst Hufschmid, who had functioned as player-coach the previous three seasons, continued in this function this year. Curiosity, Hufschmid played only in one match this season and it was his last active match as player and this he played as goalkeeper. On 10 August 1950 Football Club Basel played against Eishockey Club Basel. This was a return game for the ice hockey game EHC-FCB in December 1949. The football team won the football match 14\u20135. Goalkeeper Walter M\u00fcller played as striker and he scored six goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068294-0002-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 FC Basel season, Overview\nBasel played a total of 40 games in this season. Of these 26 games were in the domestic league, three games were in the Swiss Cup and eleven were test games. The test games resulted with eight victories, one was drawn and two ended with defeats. In total, including the test games and the cup competition, they won 22 games, drew five and lost 13 times. In the 41 games they scored 106 goals and conceded 75.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068294-0003-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 FC Basel season, Overview\nAs in the previous seasons, there were fourteen teams contesting in the 1950\u201351 Nationalliga A and the bottom two teams in the table to be relegated. Basel played a mediocre season and throughout the season they were in the midfield of the table. At the end of the season Basel won their last two games and finished in fourth position level on points with Z\u00fcrich and Servette, six points behind the new champions Lausanne-Sport. Basel won 12 games, drew four and were defeated ten times, they scored 62 goals and conceded 51 as they gained their 28 points. Josef \"Seppe\" H\u00fcgi was the team's best scorer and 2nd best league scorer. He netted 21 league goals. Paul St\u00f6cklin was the team's second best goal getter and 12th best league scorer with 12 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 787]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068294-0004-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 FC Basel season, Overview\nIn the 3rd principal round of the Swiss Cup on 29 October 1950 in the away match against FC M\u00fcnchenstein Gottlieb St\u00e4uble had a good day and scored a hat-trick as the team won 6\u20130 to qualify for the next round. In round 4 Basel were drawn away against Biel-Bienne and this too was won. In round 5 Basel were drawn at home against Locarno. In the 65th minute goalkeeper Walter M\u00fcller and defender Werner Wenk were both sent off and Locarno won the game. Locarno later advanced to the final, but here were defeated by La Chaux-de-Fonds who thus won the trophy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 592]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068294-0005-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 FC Basel season, Players\nThe following is the list of the Basel first team squad during the season 1950\u201351. The list includes players that were in the squad on the day that the Nationalliga A season started on 3 September 1950 but subsequently left the club after that date.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068294-0006-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 FC Basel season, Players\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068294-0007-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 FC Basel season, Players\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068295-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 FK Partizan season\nThe 1950\u201351 season was the 5th season in FK Partizan's existence. This article shows player statistics and matches that the club played during the 1950\u201351 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068295-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 FK Partizan season, Players, Squad information\n\u0160o\u0161tari\u0107, Belin, \u010coli\u0107, \u010cajkovski, Jovanovi\u0107, Jakoveti\u0107, Bogojevac, Bobek, Valok, Atanackovi\u0107, Herceg, Stojanovi\u0107, Lazarevi\u0107, Kolakovi\u0107, P. Mihajlovi\u0107, Zebec, Vorgi\u0107, \u0160ijakovi\u0107, Drenovac, An\u010di\u0107,Srdzbadija Stankovi\u0107, Stipi\u0107, Tapi\u0161ka, Torbarov, Stoki\u0107, Ruman, Milo\u0161 Milutinovi\u0107, Marjanovi\u0107, Kraji\u0161nik, Branilovi\u0107, Simonovski.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 54], "content_span": [55, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068296-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Football League\nThe 1950\u201351 season was the 52nd completed season of The Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 96]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068296-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Football League, Final league tables\nThe tables below are reproduced here in the exact form that they can be found at  website and in Rothmans Book of Football League Records 1888\u201389 to 1978\u201379, with home and away statistics separated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068296-0002-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Football League, Final league tables\nBeginning with the season 1894\u201395, clubs finishing level on points were separated according to goal average (goals scored divided by goals conceded), or more properly put, goal ratio. In case one or more teams had the same goal difference, this system favoured those teams who had scored fewer goals. The goal average system was eventually scrapped beginning with the 1976\u201377 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068296-0003-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Football League, Final league tables\nFrom the 1922\u201323 season, the bottom two teams of both Third Division North and Third Division South were required to apply for re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068296-0004-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Football League, First Division\nNewly promoted Tottenham Hotspur won the First Division title for the first time in their history, and achieved the rare distinction of lifting the First Division title one season after promotion. They finished four points ahead of their nearest rivals Manchester United.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 39], "content_span": [40, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068296-0005-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Football League, First Division\nSheffield Wednesday and Everton were relegated to the Second Division, bracketed together at the bottom of the First Division on 32 points. Chelsea survived on goal average.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 39], "content_span": [40, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068297-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Fort Wayne Pistons season\nThe 1950\u201351 NBA season was the Pistons' third season in the NBA and tenth season as a franchise.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068298-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 French Division 1\nOGC Nice won Division 1 season 1950/1951 of the French Association Football League with 41 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068298-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 French Division 1, Final table\nPromoted from Division 2, who will play in Division 1 season 1951/1952", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 38], "content_span": [39, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068299-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 French Division 2, Overview\nIt was contested by 18 teams, and Olympique Lyonnais won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 35], "content_span": [36, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068300-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 French Rugby Union Championship\nThe 1950-51 French Rugby Union Championship of first division was contested by 48 teams divided into eight pools of six. Twenty-four teams qualified to play a second phase with eight pools of three clubs. The first of each pool were qualified to play in the quarterfinals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068300-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 French Rugby Union Championship\nThe championship was won by Carmaux, which beat Stadoceste in the final. It was the only title won by Carmaux.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068300-0002-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 French Rugby Union Championship, Context\nThe 1951 Five Nations Championship was won by Ireland, while France finished second.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068300-0003-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 French Rugby Union Championship, Context\nThe \"Coupe de France\" was won by Lourdes, which beat Stadoceste in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068300-0004-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 French Rugby Union Championship, Context\nThe situation both inside and outside the ground during the final was so bad that British unions asked to withdraw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068301-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team\nThe 1950\u201351 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team represented Georgetown University during the 1950\u201351 NCAA college basketball season. Francis \"Buddy\" O'Grady coached it in his second season as head coach. The team was an independent and moved to Uline Arena in Washington, D.C., for its home games this season. It finished with a record of 8-14 and had no post-season play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068301-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Season recap\nThe 1950\u201351 team was a youthful one, with a roster that included only one senior and four juniors, the other ten players being sophomores. Seven of those sophomores had arrived on the varsity team from a freshman team that had had great success the previous year, posting a 16-1 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068301-0002-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Season recap\nSophomore center Bill Bolger was among the new arrivals. Playing in all 22 games, he scored 20 or more points in five of the final 11 games of the season, averaging 12.7 points per game for the year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068301-0003-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Season recap\nAnother standout sophomore was guard Barry Sullivan, who debuted in the first game of the season with 22 points against Geneva. He followed that by scoring in double figures in 16 of the next 17 games, including 25 points against Long Island and another 25-point performance against American in the next game five days later. He missed the last four games of the season due to illness, but averaged a team-leading 16.1 points per game for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068301-0004-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Season recap\nSophomore center Hugh Beins scored in double figures in seven of eight games at midseason and had a season-high 19 points against Mount St. Mary's. His performance tailed off later in the season, but he would return for two more years as one of the top players in Georgetown history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068301-0005-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Season recap\nThe young and inexperienced team started with an 8-6 record but ended the season with an eight-game losing streak that gave it a final record of 8-14. It had no post-season play and was not ranked in the Top 20 in the Associated Press Poll or in the Top 30 in the Coaches' Poll \u2013 which began this season \u2013 at any time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068301-0006-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Season recap\nNo Georgetown men's basketball team had played its home games on campus since the 1926-27 team had used Ryan Gymnasium as its home court, but the 1950\u201351 squad was the last Georgetown men's basketball team to play its home games in an off-campus facility until the 1981-82 team moved to the Capital Centre in Landover, Maryland. Ground had been broken on campus for the construction of McDonough Gymnasium, which would host Georgetown's home games for 30 years beginning the next season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 548]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068301-0007-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, 1950\u201351 schedule and results\nIt had been a common practice for many years for colleges and universities to include non-collegiate opponents in their schedules, with the games recognized as part of their official record for the season, and the February 3, 1951, game against the New York Athletic Club therefore counted as part of Georgetown's won-loss record for 1950\u201351. It was not until 1952 after the completion of the 1951\u201352 season that the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) ruled that colleges and universities could no longer count games played against non-collegiate opponents in their annual won-loss records.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 76], "content_span": [77, 680]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068302-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Greek Football Cup\nThe 1950\u201351 Greek Football Cup was the 9th edition of the Greek Football Cup. The competition culminated with the Greek Cup Final, held at Leoforos Alexandras Stadium, on 11 March 1951. The match was contested by Olympiacos and PAOK, with Olympiacos winning by 4\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068302-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Greek Football Cup, Final\nThe 9th Greek Cup Final was played at the Leoforos Alexandras Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 33], "content_span": [34, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068303-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Heart of Midlothian F.C. season\nDuring the 1950\u201351 season Hearts competed in the Scottish First Division, the Scottish Cup, the Scottish League Cup and the East of Scotland Shield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068304-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Hibernian F.C. season\nDuring the 1950\u201351 season Hibernian, a football club based in Edinburgh, came first out of 16 clubs in the Scottish First Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068305-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Honduran Amateur League\nThe 1950\u201351 Honduran Amateur League was the fourth edition of the Honduran Amateur League. F.C. Motagua obtained its 2nd national title. The season ran from 9 September 1950 to 23 January 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068305-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Honduran Amateur League, Regional champions\nFor the first time the department of Yoro included a team to participate for the national championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 51], "content_span": [52, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068305-0002-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Honduran Amateur League, National championship round\nPlayed in a single round-robin format in Tegucigalpa between the regional champions. Also known as the Cuadrangular.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 60], "content_span": [61, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068306-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Hong Kong First Division League\nThe 1950\u201351 Hong Kong First Division League season was the 40th since its establishment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068307-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season\nHuddersfield Town's 1950\u201351 campaign continued Town's post-war form of narrowly surviving relegation to Division Two. They finished in 19th place, just four points clear of the three teams below them, Chelsea, who survived relegation and the unlucky twosome of Sheffield Wednesday and Everton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068307-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season, Squad at the start of the season\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 73], "content_span": [74, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068307-0002-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season, Review\nSince the end of World War II, Town's form was more relegation than championship-winning form. However, Town's form at the start of the season was impressive with 5 wins in their first 7 games. Following that, Town's form made a rapid spiral downwards with a dreadful 6\u20132 loss against Arsenal and an even worse 8\u20130 defeat by Middlesbrough. Town's form would eventually improve following the defensive purchases of Bill McGarry and Laurie Kelly. Between December and mid-March, Town would only win 2 matches, oddly enough both away from home at Burnley and Aston Villa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 47], "content_span": [48, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068307-0003-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season, Review\nTown were in dire straits by the end of the season, but an amazing run of form saw Town record impressive wins over wouldbe champions Tottenham Hotspur and 3rd placed Blackpool. A 6\u20130 defeat by Manchester United right at the end made no difference to Town's fate, with the Terriers just surviving yet again. They finished in 19th place, just 4 points clear of the 3 teams below them, Chelsea, who survived relegation and the unlucky twosome of Sheffield Wednesday and Everton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 47], "content_span": [48, 524]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068307-0004-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season, Squad at the end of the season\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 71], "content_span": [72, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068308-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 IHL season\nThe 1950\u201351 IHL season was the sixth season of the International Hockey League, a North American minor professional league. Six teams participated in the regular season, and the Toledo Mercurys won the Turner Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068309-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Idaho Vandals men's basketball team\nThe 1950\u201351 Idaho Vandals men's basketball team represented the University of Idaho during the 1950\u201351 NCAA college basketball season. Members of the Pacific Coast Conference, the Vandals were led by fourth-year head coach Charles Finley and played their home games on campus at Memorial Gymnasium in Moscow, Idaho.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068309-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Idaho Vandals men's basketball team\nThe Vandals were 15\u201314 overall and 6\u201310 in conference play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068310-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball team\nThe 1950\u201351 Illinois Fighting Illini men\u2019s basketball team represented the University of Illinois.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068310-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball team, Regular season\nA 13 win conference season marked only the second time since 1942 that the Fighting Illini men's basketball team had completed that feat. The only time they finished with a better conference record was 1943, where they completed the season with a perfect 12-0 record. Head coach Harry Combes had guided his team to a Big Ten championship, a third-place finish in the 1951 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament and a final AP ranking of No. 5 in the nation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 70], "content_span": [71, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068310-0001-0001", "contents": "1950\u201351 Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball team, Regular season\nThis was Combes 2nd Big Ten Championship as well as his 2nd third-place finish in the NCAA tournament within his first 4 years as head coach. The 1950-51 team compiled an overall record of 22 wins and 5 losses with a conference record of 13 wins and 1 loss. The season featured a rematch with Kentucky, which had downed the Illini in the national semifinals in 1949. Illinois beat Columbia, 79-71, and North Carolina State, 84-70, to get to the national semifinals and a rematch with the Wildcats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 70], "content_span": [71, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068310-0001-0002", "contents": "1950\u201351 Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball team, Regular season\nIn a heart-breaking loss, Kentucky nipped Illinois, 76-74, on a shot by Wildcat sub Shelby Linville with 12 seconds remaining in the game. The Illini collected third place nationally by beating Oklahoma A&M, 61-46, in Minneapolis. The starting lineup included captain Donald Sunderlage and Theodore Beach as forwards, Rodney Fletcher and Irving Bemoras at guard and Robert Peterson and Mack Follmer rotating at the center position.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 70], "content_span": [71, 502]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068311-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Indiana Hoosiers men's basketball team\nThe 1950\u201351 Indiana Hoosiers men's basketball team represented Indiana University. Their head coach was Branch McCracken, who was in his 10th year. The team played its home games in The Fieldhouse in Bloomington, Indiana, and was a member of the Big Ten Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068311-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Indiana Hoosiers men's basketball team\nThe Hoosiers finished the regular season with an overall record of 19\u20133 and a conference record of 12\u20132, finishing 2nd in the Big Ten Conference. Indiana was not invited to participate in any postseason tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068312-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Indianapolis Olympians season\nThe 1950\u201351 NBA season was the Olympians' 2nd season in the NBA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068312-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Indianapolis Olympians season, Playoffs, West Division Semifinals\n(1) Minneapolis Lakers vs. (4) Indianapolis Olympians: Lakers win series 2-1", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 73], "content_span": [74, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068313-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Inter Milan season\nDuring the 1950\u201351 season Football Club Internazionale competed in Serie A.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068313-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Inter Milan season, Summary\nAldo Olivieri took for him the job of Giulio Cappelli as manager in round eight of the championship. President Masseroni bought defenders Ivano Blason from Triestina and Bruno Padulazzi from Lucchese, being signed too Lennart Skoglund. Arrival of the Swedish player in addition to the attacking line up with Nyers, Lorenzi and topscorer Wilkes, diminished chances of play for striker Amadei whom was transferred out to S.S.C. Napoli. Helped by an amazing campaign with 107 goals scored, the squad competed for the trophy with Milan losing, unexpectedly, the last two away matches of the season. Inter did not  reach to surpass its city rivals on the table and lost the league trophy by one single point.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 35], "content_span": [36, 739]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068313-0002-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Inter Milan season, Squad\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 33], "content_span": [34, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068314-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Iowa State Cyclones men's basketball team\nThe 1950\u201351 Iowa State Cyclones men's basketball team represented Iowa State University during the 1950-51 NCAA College men's basketball season. The Cyclones were coached by Clay Sutherland, who was in his fourth season with the Cyclones. They played their home games at the Iowa State Armory in Ames, Iowa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068314-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Iowa State Cyclones men's basketball team\nThey finished the season 9\u201312, 3\u20139 in Big Seven play to finish in sixth place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068315-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Iraq FA Baghdad First Division\nThe 1950\u201351 Iraq FA Baghdad First Division was the third season of the Iraq Central FA League (the top division of football in Baghdad and its neighbouring cities from 1948 to 1973). Teams in the region were split into three divisions rather than two for the first time. The First Division started on 8 December 1950, and consisted of five teams in a double round-robin format.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068315-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Iraq FA Baghdad First Division\nAfter the completion of the regular season, a final stage was supposed to be held to determine the champion. However, the final stage was abandoned due to scheduling issues. Having topped the table in the regular season, Al-Haris Al-Maliki were considered to be the winners, although no trophy ceremony was held. After the failure to complete the finals, a new committee was formed by the Iraq Central Football Association to manage future competitions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068316-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Iraq FA Basra League\nThe 1950\u201351 Iraq FA Basra League was the third season of the Iraq FA Basra League (the top division of football in Basra from 1948 to 1973) organised by the Basra branch of the Iraq Football Association. The tournament began on 7 November 1950 and the regular season ended in January 1951 with Sharikat Naft Al-Basra and Madrasat Al-Thanawiya qualifying for the championship play-off. Sharikat Naft Al-Basra won the championship play-off to clinch the title for the second consecutive time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068317-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Irish League\nThe Irish League in season 1950\u201351 comprised 12 teams, and Glentoran won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068318-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Istanbul Football League\nThe 1950\u201351 \u0130stanbul Football League season was the 41st season of the league. Be\u015fikta\u015f JK won the league for the 11th time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068319-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Isthmian League\nThe 1950\u201351 season was the 36th in the history of the Isthmian League, an English football competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068319-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Isthmian League\nAt the end of the previous season Tufnell Park merged with Edmonton Borough to form Tufnell Park Edmonton. Leytonstone were champions for the second season in a row, winning their seventh Isthmian League title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068320-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Juventus F.C. season\nDuring the 1950\u201351 season Juventus Football Club competed in Serie A and the Rio Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068320-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Juventus F.C. season, Summary\nThe team played a decent season with Hansen and Pr\u00e6st having been joined by another Dane, captain of the 1948 Olympic team Karl Aage Hansen who came from Serie A rivals Atalanta Bergamo. The great level of understanding of those three great Danes, together with Giampiero Boniperti, delivered a superb campaign that produced a milestone of 103 goals scored.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068320-0002-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Juventus F.C. season, Summary\nHowever, coach Jesse Carver was fired by the club in August 1951 as the 3rd place in the league standings behind Milan and Inter was deemed not good enough.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068320-0003-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Juventus F.C. season, Squad\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 35], "content_span": [36, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068321-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball team\nThe 1950\u201351 Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball team represented the University of Kansas during the 1950\u201351 college men's basketball season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068322-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Kentucky Wildcats men's basketball team\nThe 1950\u201351 Kentucky Wildcats men's basketball team represented University of Kentucky. The head coach was Adolph Rupp. The team was a member of the Southeast Conference and played their home games at Memorial Coliseum. Two members of this team eventually returned to Kentucky as Athletic Director: Cliff Hagan from 1975 to 1988, and Charles Newton from 1989 to 2000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068323-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 La Liga\nThe 1950\u201351 La Liga season was the 20th edition of the Spanish football top division. Defending champions Atl\u00e9tico Madrid achieved their fourth title, securing it with a 1\u20131 draw on the final matchday away to Sevilla, their direct rivals for the championship who would have taken the trophy with a win, had a 100% home record up to that point, and who won the league five years earlier in almost identical circumstances.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068323-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 La Liga, Format\nThis was the first season after the expansion of the league to 16 teams. The two last qualified teams were directly relegated to Segunda Divisi\u00f3n and teams in the 13th and 14th position joined the relegation play-offs with the second and third qualified teams of each one of the two groups of the Segunda Divisi\u00f3n.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 23], "content_span": [24, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068323-0002-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 La Liga, Relegation group\nTeams qualified in the 13th and 14th position joined the relegation group with the teams qualified in the second and third group of each one of the two groups of the Segunda Divisi\u00f3n. The two top teams would play the next La Liga season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 33], "content_span": [34, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068324-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Lancashire Cup\n1950\u201351 was the thirty-eighth occasion on which the Lancashire Cup completion had been held.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068324-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Lancashire Cup\nWigan won the trophy  by beating Warrington by the score of 28-5", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 87]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068324-0002-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Lancashire Cup\nThe match was played at Station Road, Pendlebury, (historically in the county of Lancashire). The attendance was 42,541 and receipts were \u00a36,222.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068324-0003-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Lancashire Cup\nThe attendance was a new record for the Lancashire Cup Final and would only ever be broken once in the future", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068324-0004-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Lancashire Cup\nThis was the fifth of Wigan\u2019s record breaking run of six consecutive Lancashire Cup victories.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068324-0005-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Lancashire Cup, Background\nOverall, the number of teams entering this year\u2019s competition remained the same as last year\u2019s total of 14.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068324-0006-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Lancashire Cup, Background\nThe same pre-war fixture format was retained. This season saw no bye but one \u201cblank\u201d or \u201cdummy\u201d fixture in the first round. There was also one bye but no \u201cblank\u201d fixture\u201d in the second round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068324-0007-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Lancashire Cup, Background\nAs last season, all the first round matches of the competition will be played on the basis of two legged, home and away, ties \u2013 and the remainder of the rounds remaining on straight forward knock-out basis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068324-0008-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Lancashire Cup, Competition and results, Round 1 - First Leg\nInvolved  7 matches (with no bye and one \u201cblank\u201d fixture) and 14 clubs", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 68], "content_span": [69, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068324-0009-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Lancashire Cup, Competition and results, Round 1 \u2013 Second Leg\nInvolved  7 matches (with no bye and one \u201cblank\u201d fixture) and 14 clubs. These are the reverse fixture from the first leg.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 69], "content_span": [70, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068324-0010-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Lancashire Cup, Competition and results, Final, Teams and scorers\nScoring - Try = three (3) points - Goal = two (2) points - Drop goal = two (2) points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 73], "content_span": [74, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068324-0011-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Lancashire Cup, Competition and results, The road to success\nAll the first round ties were played on a two leg (home and away) basis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 68], "content_span": [69, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068324-0012-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Lancashire Cup, Competition and results, The road to success\nThe first club named in each of the first round ties played the first leg at home.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 68], "content_span": [69, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068324-0013-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Lancashire Cup, Competition and results, The road to success\nthe scores shown in the first round are the aggregate score over the two legs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 68], "content_span": [69, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068324-0014-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Lancashire Cup, Notes and comments\n1 * The attendance of 42,541 was a new record for the Lancashire Cup Final beating the previous by just over 3,500, and would only ever be broken once in the future", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 42], "content_span": [43, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068324-0015-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Lancashire Cup, Notes and comments\n2 * Station Road was the home ground of Swinton from 1929 to 1932 and at its peak was one of the finest rugby league grounds in the country and it boasted a capacity of 60,000. The actual record attendance was for the Challenge Cup semi-final on 7 April 1951 when 44,621 watched Wigan beat Warrington 3-2", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 42], "content_span": [43, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068325-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 League Algiers\nThe 1950\u201351 League Algiers Football Association season started on September 17, 1950 and ended on June 17, 1951. This is the 29th edition of the championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068325-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 League Algiers, Final results, Division Honneur\nThe Division Honneur is the highest level of League Algiers Football Association, the equivalent of the elite for this league. It consists of twelve clubs who compete in both the title of \"Champion of Division Honneur\" and that of \"Champion of Algiers\", since it is the highest degree.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 55], "content_span": [56, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068326-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 League of Ireland\nThe 1950\u201351 League of Ireland was the 30th season of senior football in the Republic of Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068327-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Liverpool F.C. season\nThe 1950\u201351 season was the 58th season in Liverpool F.C. 's existence, and ended their season ninth in the table.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068328-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Luxembourg National Division\nThe 1950\u201351 Luxembourg National Division was the 37th season of top level association football in Luxembourg.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068328-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Luxembourg National Division, Overview\nIt was performed in 12 teams, and Jeunesse Esch won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 46], "content_span": [47, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068329-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 MJHL season\nThe 1950\u201351 Manitoba Junior Hockey League season saw the Winnipeg Monarchs win the league championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068330-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Macedonian Republic League\nThe 1950\u201351 Macedonian Republic League was the 7th since its establishment. Rabotnik Bitola won their second championship title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068331-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Maltese Premier League\nThe 1950\u201351 Maltese First Division was the 36th season of top-tier football in Malta. It was contested by 8 teams, and Floriana F.C. won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068332-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Manchester United F.C. season\nThe 1950\u201351 season was Manchester United's 49th season in the Football League. The club finished runners-up to champions Tottenham Hotspur in the league and were also quarter-finalists in the FA Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068332-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Manchester United F.C. season\nA notable debutant for the club this season was 17-year-old Barnsley born centre-half Mark Jones.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068333-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Mansfield Town F.C. season\nThe 1950\u201351 season was Mansfield Town's 13th season in the Football League and ninth season in the Third Division North, they finished in 2nd position with 64 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068334-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Mexican Primera Divisi\u00f3n season\nStatistics of the Primera Divisi\u00f3n de M\u00e9xico for the 1950\u201351 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068334-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Mexican Primera Divisi\u00f3n season, Overview\nThe Segunda Divisi\u00f3n starts in 1950, thus the \"Liga Mayor\" changed to \"Primera Division\", every year one team is promoted and one is relegated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 49], "content_span": [50, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068334-0002-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Mexican Primera Divisi\u00f3n season, Overview\nIt was contested by 12 teams, and Atlas won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 49], "content_span": [50, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068335-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Mexican Segunda Divisi\u00f3n season\nThe 1950-51 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n de M\u00e9xico season was the first tournament in this competition. It counted with the participation of seven teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068336-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team\nThe 1950\u201351 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team represented the University of Michigan in intercollegiate basketball during the 1950\u201351 season. The team finished the season in a tie for ninth place in the Big Ten Conference with an overall record of 7\u201315 and 3\u201311 against conference opponents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068336-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team\nErnie McCoy was in his third year as the team's head coach. Leo VanderKuy was the team's leading scorer with 329 points in 22 games for an average of 15.0 points per game. Chuck Murray was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068337-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey season\nThe 1950\u201351 Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey team represented the University of Michigan in intercollegiate college ice hockey during the 1950\u201351 NCAA men's ice hockey season. The head coach was Vic Heyliger and the team captain was Gil Burford. The team won the 1951 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament. The team's leading scorer was Neil \"The Seal\" Celley, who broke Michigan's single-season scoring record with 79 points (40 goals, 39 assists) and led the NCAA in scoring.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068337-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey season, Standings, Schedule\nDuring the season Michigan compiled a 22\u20134\u20131 record, the fourth consecutive year that the team won at least 80% of their games. Their schedule was as follows.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 72], "content_span": [73, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068337-0002-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey season, 1951 national championship, (W1) Michigan vs. (E1) Brown\nBob Heathcott, Gil Burford, John Matchefts and Neil Celley were named to the All-Tournament Team", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 109], "content_span": [110, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068337-0003-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey season, Notes\nLess than year after winning the tournament, Hal Downes was shot down in his B-26 over North Korea and was declared MIA. Though all living POWs were returned to the US in 1953 Downes remained listed as MIA until his remains were returned in 2018.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 58], "content_span": [59, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068338-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Minneapolis Lakers season\nThe 1950\u201351 Minneapolis Lakers season was the franchise's third season in the National Basketball Association (NBA). In 1950\u201351, the NBA reduced the number of teams to 11. The two-time defending champion Lakers continued to dominate by winning the Western Division with a 44\u201324 record. In the playoffs, the Lakers needed three games to eliminate the Indianapolis Olympians in the first round. In the Western Finals, the Lakers took Game 1, but were ultimately defeated for the championship by the Rochester Royals, who came back to win the next three games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 591]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068338-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Minneapolis Lakers season, Player stats\nNote: GP= Games played; REB= Rebounds; AST= Assists; STL = Steals; BLK = Blocks; PTS = Points; AVG = Average", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 47], "content_span": [48, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068339-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Montreal Canadiens season\nThe 1950\u201351 Montreal Canadiens season was the 42nd in franchise history. The team placed third in the regular season to qualify for the playoffs. The Canadiens lost in Stanley Cup final against Toronto Maple Leafs 4 games to 1. The five games were decided in overtime.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068339-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Montreal Canadiens season, Playoffs\nThe Canadiens first played the Detroit Red Wings in the semi-finals. The first four games of the series was won by the visiting team. The Canadiens then won the last two to win the series four games to two to advance to the final against Toronto.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068339-0002-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Montreal Canadiens season, Playoffs, Stanley Cup Finals\nThe Canadiens lost to the Toronto Maple Leafs four games to one.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 63], "content_span": [64, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068340-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 NBA season\nThe 1950\u201351 NBA season was the fifth season of the National Basketball Association. The season ended with the Rochester Royals winning the NBA Championship, beating the New York Knicks 4 games to 3 in the NBA Finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068340-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 NBA season, Playoffs\n* Division winnerBold Series winnerItalic Team with home-court advantage in NBA Finals", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 28], "content_span": [29, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068340-0002-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 NBA season, Statistics leaders\nNote: Prior to the 1969\u201370 season, league leaders in points, rebounds, and assists were determined by totals rather than averages.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 38], "content_span": [39, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068341-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 NCAA men's basketball rankings\nThe 1950\u201351 NCAA men's basketball rankings was made up of two human polls, the AP Poll and the Coaches Poll. This was the first season with both polls, as the Coaches Poll (UP) was introduced.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068342-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 NCAA men's basketball season\nThe 1950\u201351 NCAA men's basketball season began in December 1950, progressed through the regular season and conference tournaments, and concluded with the 1951 NCAA Basketball Tournament Championship Game on March 27, 1951, at Williams Arena in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The Kentucky Wildcats won their second NCAA national championship with a 68\u201358 victory over the Kansas State Wildcats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068342-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 NCAA men's basketball season, Season outlook, Pre-season polls\nThe Top 20 from the UP Coaches Poll during the pre-season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 70], "content_span": [71, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068342-0002-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 NCAA men's basketball season, Coaching changes\nA number of teams changed coaches during the season and after it ended.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 54], "content_span": [55, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068343-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 NCAA men's ice hockey season\nThe 1950\u201351 NCAA men's ice hockey season began in November 1950 and concluded with the 1951 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament's championship game on March 17, 1951 at the Broadmoor Ice Palace in Colorado Springs, Colorado. This was the 4th season in which an NCAA ice hockey championship was held and is the 56th year overall where an NCAA school fielded a team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068343-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 NCAA men's ice hockey season\nThis was the first season of play for the Tri-State League. The 6-team conference was the first to formally sponsor ice hockey as a sport at any level. The Tri-State League also produced the first conference playoff game this season when Clarkson defeated Middlebury to claim the conference title. There would not be another conference playoff until the WCHA tournament began in 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068343-0002-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 NCAA men's ice hockey season\nThe American Hockey Coaches Association awarded Eddie Jeremiah the first Spencer Penrose Award as the top coach in the college game. It is named after Spencer Penrose who helped found The Broadmoor, the hotel and resort where the Ice Palace was located.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068343-0003-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 NCAA men's ice hockey season, Player stats, Scoring leaders\nThe following players led the league in points at the conclusion of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 67], "content_span": [68, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068343-0004-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 NCAA men's ice hockey season, Player stats, Scoring leaders\nGP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; PIM = Penalty minutes", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 67], "content_span": [68, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068343-0005-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 NCAA men's ice hockey season, Player stats, Leading goaltenders\nThe following goaltenders led the league in goals against average at the end of the regular season while playing at least 33% of their team's total minutes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 71], "content_span": [72, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068343-0006-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 NCAA men's ice hockey season, Player stats, Leading goaltenders\nGP = Games played; Min = Minutes played; W = Wins; L = Losses; OT = Overtime/shootout losses; GA = Goals against; SO = Shutouts; SV% = Save percentage; GAA = Goals against average", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 71], "content_span": [72, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068344-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 NHL season\nThe 1950\u201351 NHL season was the 34th season of the National Hockey League. The Toronto Maple Leafs defeated the Montreal Canadiens four games to one for the Stanley Cup to win their fifth Cup in seven years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068344-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 NHL season, League business\nThe league implemented a rule requiring all teams to provide an emergency goaltender for every game, for use by either team in case of illness or injury.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 35], "content_span": [36, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068344-0002-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 NHL season, Regular season\nThe biggest trade in NHL history at the time took place in July 1950 with Sugar Jim Henry, Gaye Stewart, Bob Goldham and Metro Prystai of Chicago going to Detroit for Harry Lumley, Black Jack Stewart, Al Dewsbury, Don Morrison and Pete Babando, an exchange of nine players altogether.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068344-0003-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 NHL season, Regular season\nJoe Primeau was named coach of the Toronto Maple Leafs with Hap Day kicked upstairs to assistant general manager. Toronto came flying out of the gate, undefeated in 11 games. Al Rollins had a great year, finishing with a 1.75 goals against average in 40 games. The Leafs had hoped to have Rollins share the Vezina Trophy with Turk Broda, but the league decided Rollins alone would be the recipient. The Leafs' .679 win percentage remains their all time best for a season, despite the fact that they were second in the league standings behind Detroit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 585]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068344-0004-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 NHL season, Regular season\nWith the New York Rangers slumping this season, they hired a hypnotist, Dr. David Tracy, to help relax the team. The treatment remained in doubt and the Rangers lost to Boston November 12. Asked why the treatment didn't work, Dr. Tracy said that he should have worked with the goaltender (Chuck Rayner) as he wasn't relaxed enough.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068344-0005-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 NHL season, Regular season\nMontreal fans were excited when it was reported that two junior stars, Jean Beliveau and Bernie Geoffrion, would be given a trial in a December 16 game with the Rangers. The Canadiens played a 1\u20131 tie before 14,158 fans. Geoffrion scored the Canadiens goal in his debut.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068344-0006-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 NHL season, Regular season\nChicago was in third place at mid-season when bad luck struck. Their captain, Black Jack Stewart, ruptured a disc in his back and had to undergo surgery. He was finished for the seasonand his career was in jeopardy. Aggravating things were injuries to Gus Bodnar and Bill Gadsby. The Black Hawks won only two games in the second half and finished last.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068344-0007-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 NHL season, Regular season\nIn March, Rocket Richard ran into trouble in a game with Detroit. Richard was tripped androse with a cut between the eyes. No penalty was called and Richard commenced an argumentwith referee Hugh McLean. He continued his argument too long and was given a misconduct penalty. Richard then skated to the penalty box and found Leo Reise of Detroit there to welcome himwith derisive remarks which infuriated Richard, who then punched Reise, and when linesmanJim Primeau rushed to intervene, Richard took a poke at him and Richard was given a game misconduct.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068344-0007-0001", "contents": "1950\u201351 NHL season, Regular season\nThe Canadiens took a train to New York for a game against the Rangers, andthe next morning, Richard encountered referee McLean and linesman Primeau in the lobby of the Picadilly Hotel. No punches were thrown, but Richard grabbed McLean by the tie and thenPrimeau intervened. Considerable profanity filled the air, but cooler heads separated thetrio before fists could fly. NHL President Clarence Campbell took a dim view of the matterand fined the Rocket $500 for conduct prejudicial to the welfare of hockey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068344-0008-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 NHL season, Regular season\nThe Detroit Red Wings got hot in the second half, overtaking Toronto and finished in first place again, becoming the first team with more than 100 points. Gordie Howe led the NHL in goals, assists, and points while goaltender Terry Sawchuk won the Calder Memorial Trophy as the league's best rookie. Sawchuk set a record for most wins by a goalie, as he was in net for all of Detroit's 44 victories.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068344-0009-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 NHL season, Playoffs\nThe second seed Toronto Maple Leafs eliminated the fourth seed Boston Bruins in five games, and the third seed Montreal Canadiens upset the first overall Detroit Red Wings in six, setting up a Leafs \u2013 Canadiens Stanley Cup Finals, won by the Leafs 4\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 28], "content_span": [29, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068344-0010-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 NHL season, Playoffs, Semifinals, (2) Toronto Maple Leafs vs. (4) Boston Bruins\nGame two was the last Stanley Cup playoff overtime game to end in a tie. The game was played on a Saturday night and as game crept closer to midnight it had to be stopped due to city bylaws and the federal Lord's Day Act that were in effect at the time in Toronto. These laws prevented businesses from operating on Sunday.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 87], "content_span": [88, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068344-0011-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 NHL season, Player statistics, Scoring leaders\nNote: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 54], "content_span": [55, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068344-0012-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 NHL season, Player statistics, Leading goaltenders\nNote: GP = Games played; Min \u2013 Minutes Played; GA = Goals Against; GAA = Goals Against Average; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; SO = Shutouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 58], "content_span": [59, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068344-0013-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 NHL season, Debuts\nThe following is a list of players of note who played their first NHL game in 1950\u201351 (listed with their first team, asterisk(*) marks debut in playoffs):", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 26], "content_span": [27, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068344-0014-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 NHL season, Last games\nThe following is a list of players of note that played their last game in the NHL in 1950\u201351 (listed with their last team):", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 30], "content_span": [31, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068345-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 National Football League (Ireland)\nThe 1950\u201351 National Football League was the 20th staging of the National Football League, an annual Gaelic football tournament for the Gaelic Athletic Association county teams of Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068345-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 National Football League (Ireland)\nMeath won the home final and flew to New York for the real final. Despite some players being weakened by smallpox vaccination, they beat New York by a goal and sailed home in triumph on the SS Nieuw Amsterdam. John 'Lefty' Devine commentated on the radio, and was criticised for his newly acquired New York accent (he was a native of County Clare).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068345-0002-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 National Football League (Ireland), Format\nTeams are placed into Divisions I, II, III and IV. The top team in each division reaches the home semi-finals. The winner of the home final plays New York in the NFL final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 50], "content_span": [51, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068346-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 National Hurling League\nThe 1950\u201351 National Hurling League was the 20th season of the National Hurling League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068346-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 National Hurling League, National Hurling League\nTipperary came into the season as defending champions of the 1949-50 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 56], "content_span": [57, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068346-0002-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 National Hurling League, National Hurling League\nOn 30 September 1951, Galway won the title after a 2-11 to 2-8 win over New York in the final. It was their 2nd league title overall and their first since 1930-31.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 56], "content_span": [57, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068347-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Nationalliga A, Overview\nIt was contested by 14 teams, and Lausanne Sports won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 32], "content_span": [33, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068348-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Nationalliga A season\nThe 1950\u201351 Nationalliga A season was the 13th season of the Nationalliga A, the top level of ice hockey in Switzerland. Eight teams participated in the league, and EHC Arosa won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068349-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Netherlands Football League Championship\nThe Netherlands Football League Championship 1950\u20131951 was contested by 60 teams participating in five divisions. The national champion would be determined by a play-off featuring the winners of each division of the Netherlands. PSV Eindhoven won this year's championship by beating DWS, Willem II, Blauw-Wit Amsterdam and sc Heerenveen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068349-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Netherlands Football League Championship\nAt the end of this season, the KNVB re-aligned the current system of Divisions into 4 new Divisions for 1951\u201352, to be called Eerste Klasse A-D.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068349-0002-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Netherlands Football League Championship, New entrants\nThis season, there was one division less than in the last one; this meant that all teams had to be reassigned.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 62], "content_span": [63, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068350-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 New York Knicks season\nThe 1950\u201351 New York Knicks season was the fifth season for the team in the National Basketball Association (NBA). In the regular season, the Knicks finished in third place in the Eastern Division, and their 36\u201330 record gave them a berth in the NBA Playoffs for the fifth consecutive year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068350-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 New York Knicks season\nNew York faced the Boston Celtics in the first round of the Eastern Division playoffs, and won the best-of-three series 2\u20130 to advance to the division finals. In that series, the Knicks defeated the Syracuse Nationals 3\u20132 in a best-of-five series, earning the franchise's first trip to the NBA Finals. The Rochester Royals faced the Knicks in the Finals, and won the first three games of the best-of-seven series. New York won the next three games to even up the series, but Rochester won the seventh game by a score of 79\u201375.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068350-0002-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 New York Knicks season, NBA draft\nNote: This is not an extensive list; it only covers the first and second rounds, and any other players picked by the franchise that played at least one game in the league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068351-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 New York Rangers season\nThe 1950\u201351 New York Rangers season was the 25th season for the team in the National Hockey League (NHL). The Rangers finished with a 20\u201329\u201321 record in the regular season. They ended the season in fifth place with 61 points, and did not make the NHL playoffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068351-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 New York Rangers season, Playoffs\nThe Rangers failed to qualify for the 1951 Stanley Cup playoffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 41], "content_span": [42, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068351-0002-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 New York Rangers season, Player statistics\n\u2020Denotes player spent time with another team before joining Rangers. Stats reflect time with Rangers only. \u2021Traded mid-season. Stats reflect time with Rangers only.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 50], "content_span": [51, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068352-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Newport County A.F.C. season\nThe 1950\u201351 season was Newport County's fourth consecutive season in the Third Division South since relegation from the Second Division at the end of the 1946\u201347 season. It was the club's 22nd season in the third tier and 23rd season overall in the Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068353-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Northern Football League\nThe 1950\u201351 Northern Football League season was the 53rd in the history of the Northern Football League, a football competition in Northern England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068353-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Northern Football League, Clubs\nThe league featured 14 clubs which competed in the last season, no new clubs joined the league this season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 39], "content_span": [40, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068354-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Northern Rugby Football League season\nThe 1950\u201351 Rugby Football League season was the 56th season of rugby league football.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068354-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Northern Rugby Football League season, Season summary\nWorkington Town won their first, and to date, only Championship when they beat Warrington 26-11 in the play-off final. Warrington had finished the regular season as the league leaders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 61], "content_span": [62, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068354-0002-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Northern Rugby Football League season, Season summary\nThe Challenge Cup Winners were Wigan who beat Barrow 10-0 in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 61], "content_span": [62, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068354-0003-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Northern Rugby Football League season, Season summary\nWarrington won the Lancashire League, and Leeds won the Yorkshire League. Wigan beat Warrington 28\u20135 to win the Lancashire County Cup, and Huddersfield beat Castleford 16\u20133 to win the Yorkshire County Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 61], "content_span": [62, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068354-0004-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Northern Rugby Football League season, Challenge Cup\nWigan beat Barrow 10\u20130 in the final played at Wembley in front of a crowd of 94,262. This was Wigan's fourth Cup Final win in nine Final appearances. It was also the third successive final that the losing team had failed to score. Cec Mountford, Wigan's stand-off half back was awarded the Lance Todd Trophy for man-of-the-match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 60], "content_span": [61, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068354-0005-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Northern Rugby Football League season, European Championship\nThis was the eleventh European Championships and was won for the third time by France on points difference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 68], "content_span": [69, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068355-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Norwegian 1. Divisjon season\nThe 1950\u201351 Norwegian 1. Divisjon season was the 12th season of ice hockey in Norway. Eight teams participated in the league, and Furuset IF won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068356-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Norwegian Main League\nThe 1950\u20131951 Hovedserien was the 7th completed season of top division football in Norway.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068356-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Norwegian Main League, Overview\nIt was contested by 16 teams, and Fredrikstad FK won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068357-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 OB I bajnoksag season\nThe 1950\u201351 OB I bajnoks\u00e1g season was the 14th season of the OB I bajnoks\u00e1g, the top level of ice hockey in Hungary. Eight teams participated in the league, and Kinizsi SE Budapest won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068358-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Oberliga\nThe 1950\u201351 Oberliga  was the sixth season of the Oberliga, the first tier of the football league system in West Germany. The league operated in five regional divisions, Berlin, North, South, Southwest and West. The five league champions and the runners-up from the south, north and west then entered the 1951 German football championship which was won by 1. FC Kaiserslautern. It was 1. FC Kaiserslautern's first-ever national championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 458]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068358-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Oberliga\nThe 1950\u201351 season was the first without clubs from East Berlin in the Oberliga, with VfB Pankow and Union Obersch\u00f6neweide having left the league, the latter to be replaced by the West Berlin club Union 06 Berlin, formed by former Obersch\u00f6neweide players who had moved to the West. It was also the last without the clubs from the Saar Protectorate, which had left the West German league system in 1948, but returned in 1951\u201352, with 1. FC Saarbr\u00fccken and Borussia Neunkirchen rejoining the Oberliga S\u00fcdwest. Eventually, on 1 January 1957, the Saar Protectorate would officially join West Germany, ending the post-Second World War political separation of the territory from the other parts of Germany.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 717]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068358-0002-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Oberliga\nA similar-named league, the DDR-Oberliga, existed in East Germany, set at the first tier of the East German football league system. The 1950\u201351 DDR-Oberliga was won by BSG Chemie Leipzig.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068358-0003-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Oberliga, Oberliga Nord\nThe 1950\u201351 season saw three new clubs in the league, FC Altona 93, Itzehoer SV and Eintracht Osnabr\u00fcck, all promoted from the Amateurliga. The league's top scorer was Herbert Wojtkowiak of Hamburger SV with 40 goals, the highest total for the five Oberligas in 1950\u201351 and throughout the 16-year history of the Oberliga Nord.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 31], "content_span": [32, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068358-0004-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Oberliga, Oberliga Berlin\nThe 1950\u201351 season saw four new clubs in the league, Union 06 Berlin, Minerva 93 Berlin, SC Westend 01 and Blau-Wei\u00df 90 Berlin, all promoted from the Amateurliga Berlin. The league's top scorer was Paul Salisch of  SC Union 06 Berlin with 29 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 33], "content_span": [34, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068358-0005-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Oberliga, Oberliga West\nThe 1950\u201351 season saw four new clubs in the league, Fortuna D\u00fcsseldorf, Sportfreunde Katernberg, Rheydter SV and Borussia M\u00fcnchen-Gladbach, all promoted from the 2. Oberliga West. The league's top scorer was Hans Kleina of  FC Schalke 04 with 25 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 31], "content_span": [32, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068358-0006-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Oberliga, Oberliga S\u00fcdwest\nThe 1950\u201351 season saw two new clubs in the league, TuRa Ludwigshafen and Eintracht Kreuznach, both promoted from the Amateurliga. The league's top scorer was Ottmar Walter of 1. FC Kaiserslautern with 29 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 34], "content_span": [35, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068358-0007-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Oberliga, Oberliga S\u00fcd\nThe 1950\u201351 season saw four new clubs in the league, VfL Neckarau and SV Darmstadt 98, both promoted from the Landesligas, while SSV Reutlingen and FC Singen 04 moved across from the southern division of the Oberliga S\u00fcdwest. The league's top scorer was Max Morlock of 1. FC N\u00fcrnberg with 28 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 30], "content_span": [31, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068358-0008-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Oberliga, German championship\nThe 1951 German football championship was contested by the eight qualified Oberliga teams and won by 1. FC Kaiserslautern, defeating Preu\u00dfen M\u00fcnster in the final. The eight clubs played a home-and-away round of matches in two groups of four. The two group winners then advanced to the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 37], "content_span": [38, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068359-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Oberliga (ice hockey) season\nThe 1950-51 Oberliga season was the third season of the Oberliga, the top level of ice hockey in Germany. 12 teams participated in the league, and Preu\u00dfen Krefeld won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068360-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Oklahoma A&M Aggies men's basketball team\nThe 1950\u201351 Oklahoma A&M Aggies men's basketball team represented Oklahoma A&M College, now known as Oklahoma State University, in NCAA competition in the 1950\u201351 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068361-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Panhellenic Championship\nThe 1950\u201351 Panhellenic Championship was the 16th season of the highest football league of Greece. The clubs that participated were the champions from the 3 founding football associations of the HFF: Athens, Piraeus and Macedonia. Olympiacos easily won the championship, in an udefeated run, winning all 4 games. The point system was: Win: 3 points - Draw: 2 points - Loss: 1 point.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068362-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Philadelphia Warriors season\nThe 1950\u201351 NBA season was the Warriors' 5th season in the NBA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068363-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Polska Liga Hokejowa season\nThe 1950\u201351 Polska Liga Hokejowa season was the 16th season of the Polska Liga Hokejowa, the top level of ice hockey in Poland. Four teams participated in the final round, and Legia Warszawa won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068364-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Port Vale F.C. season\nThe 1950\u201351 season was Port Vale's 39th season of football in the English Football League, and their sixth full season in the Third Division South. It was the first season to be played at Vale Park, and Roy Sproson also made his debut for the club. In the FA Cup there was excitement as the Vale took rivals Stoke City to a replay in the Fourth Round, only to lose 1\u20130. It was the last season in the reign of Gordon Hodgson, who died in the summer after long suffering from cancer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068364-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Third Division South\nThe pre-season saw expansion for the league, and so the addition of two new teams to the division, nevertheless only one promotion place was available for the 24 teams. For Vale, two attacking players were added to the squad; Syd Peppitt arrived from Stoke City for \u00a34,000, and Roland Lewis was signed from Congleton Town.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 61], "content_span": [62, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068364-0002-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Third Division South\nThe season opened with a 2\u20130 defeat at Carrow Road, though the real excitement came five days later on 24 August, when Vale Park hosted its first league game; 30,196 turned up to see Newport County beaten 1\u20130 with a Walter Aveyard goal. The stadium had cost \u00a350,000 and held 40,000 spectators, though work was still needed to complete the covers. Three straight losses followed, and as a result four players were transfer listed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 61], "content_span": [62, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068364-0002-0001", "contents": "1950\u201351 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Third Division South\nAs the weather turned bleak the attendances suffered, as less than a fortnight after its opening the stadium hosted 15,884 fans for the win over Ipswich Town (a reduction of almost 50%). The lack of cover did nothing to encourage fans to show up. Nevertheless the team won six of their opening seven home games, whilst they lost six of their first seven away games. On 28 October they travelled to The Den, where they fought to earn a 2\u20132 draw with high-flying Millwall, Tommy Cheadle playing on despite breaking three teeth in a hefty collision. On 11 November they drew 1\u20131 with Gillingham at the Priestfield Stadium, a game which saw the first of Roy Sproson's 842 club appearances.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 61], "content_span": [62, 747]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068364-0003-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Third Division South\nResults tailed off after Christmas, leaving Vale in a re-election fight by the start of February. This was partly due to an outbreak of flu, which affected eleven of the players. A run of eight wins in eleven games soon allayed any fears of Vale losing their league status. The club were so confident in fact as to sell right-half Bill McGarry to Huddersfield Town for \u00a312,000 \u2013 he would later be selected in the England squad for the 1954 FIFA World Cup. Waterlogging of the Vale Park pitch caused numerous games to be postponed, this meant a run of six home games would be played between 23 April and 3 May. This gave young reserves the chance to impress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 61], "content_span": [62, 719]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068364-0004-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Third Division South\nThey finished twelfth with 45 points, a whole 25 points short of promotion. Cliff Pinchbeck proved to be the only regular scorer, with nineteen goals, though he was on the transfer list at his own request.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 61], "content_span": [62, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068364-0005-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Finances\nOn the financial side, a profit of \u00a35,367 was recorded thanks to a transfer credit of \u00a312,315. Gate receipts had fallen to \u00a327,650, though the wage bill was slashed to \u00a320,063. Leaving the club were new signings Peppitt and Lewis, the former joining Worcester City. On 16 May the club hosted Progr\u00e8s Niederkorn of Luxembourg, who were on their British tour, Vale won 4\u20131. After the game 3,000 tons of soil were removed from the stadium, as a new drainage system was installed. On 14 June, manager Gordon Hodgson died following a lengthy battle against cancer, his funeral at Carmountside was conducted by Reverend Norman Hallam. His replacement was Ivor Powell, who was signed as player-manager from Aston Villa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 49], "content_span": [50, 762]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068364-0006-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Cup competitions\nIn the FA Cup, the \"Valiants\" progressed past Third Division North New Brighton and Lancashire Combination Nelson with two 3\u20132 home victories. Drawn against First Division Potteries derby rivals Stoke in the Third Round, it was the first competitive derby game since 1933. Vale showed some 'lively attacking' to achieve a 2\u20132 draw at the Victoria Ground on 6 January in front of a crowd of 49,500. Vale Park had problems with drainage, and so the replay two days later had to be played at the Victoria Ground as well \u2013 this time 40,977 fans showed up. Stoke won by the odd goal from Frank Bowyer, though Vale were consoled by the \u00a32,800 worth of gate receipts they had earned.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 734]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068365-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Primeira Divis\u00e3o, Overview\nIt was contested by 14 teams, and Sporting Clube de Portugal won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068366-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Rangers F.C. season\nThe 1950\u201351 season was the 71st season of competitive football by Rangers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068366-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Rangers F.C. season, Overview\nRangers played a total of 38 competitive matches during the 1950\u201351 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068367-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Ranji Trophy\nThe 1950\u201351 Ranji Trophy was the 17th season of the Ranji Trophy. Holkar won the title defeating Gujarat in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068368-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Real Madrid CF season\nThe 1950\u201351 season was Real Madrid Club de F\u00fatbol's 48th season in existence and the club's 19th consecutive season in the top flight of Spanish football.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068368-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Real Madrid CF season, Summary\nDuring the summer Santiago Bernab\u00e9u signed two French footballers, Jean Luciano and Louis Hon, from OGC Nice. Michael Keeping was sacked on 23 October by Bernab\u00e9u after three massive losses against Real Sociedad, FC Barcelona and Deportivo La Coru\u00f1a. The club appointed Baltasar Albeniz who could not improve the situation and was sacked on 5 March after a 0\u20134 defeat to Sevilla. Then, Bernabeu brought Uruguayan head coach Hector Scarone who managed the team to ninth, avoiding relegation to the Second Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 552]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068368-0002-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Real Madrid CF season, Summary\nReal reached the 1951 Copa del General\u00edsimo semi-finals and were defeated by Real Sociedad 0\u20133 on aggregate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068368-0003-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Real Madrid CF season, Squad\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 36], "content_span": [37, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068369-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Rochdale A.F.C. season\nThe 1950\u201351 season saw Rochdale compete for their 23rd season in the Football League Third Division North.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068370-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Rochester Royals season\nThe 1950\u201351 Rochester Royals season was the third season for the team in the National Basketball Association (NBA). The Royals finished the season by winning their first NBA Championship. The Royals scored 84.6 points per game and allowed 81.7 points per game. Rochester was led up front by Arnie Risen, a 6\u20139, 200-pound center nicknamed \"Stilts\", along with 6\u20135 Arnie Johnson and 6\u20137 Jack Coleman. The backcourt was manned by Bob Davies and Bobby Wanzer. Among the key reserves was a guard from City College of New York named William \"Red\" Holzman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068370-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Rochester Royals season, NBA Finals\nThe Royals  took Game 1 easily, 92\u201365, as Risen and Wanzer recorded 24 and 19 points. Rochester won Game 2 99\u201384, behind 24 points from Davies and 28 rebounds from Coleman. Three nights later, the finals shifted to the 69th Regiment Armory in New York, but the result was no different. The Royals defeated the Knicks 78\u201371 and took a 3\u20130 series lead, thanks to 27 points and 18 rebounds from Risen. The Knicks rebounded in Game 4 by a score of 79\u201373. The Knicks key player was Harry Gallatin who scored 22 points and 14 rebounds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068370-0001-0001", "contents": "1950\u201351 Rochester Royals season, NBA Finals\nGame 5 took place in Rochester and the Knicks won 92\u201389. Connie Simmons had 26 points; and then tied the series by taking Game 6 back in New York 80\u201373. Max Zaslofsky led the way with 23 points. The seventh and deciding game was held on April 21 back in Rochester. The Royals jumped to an early 14-point lead, but the Knicks came back. With 44 seconds left and the score tied at 75, Davies was fouled by the Knicks\u2019 Dick McGuire and sunk two free throws. Rochester would go on to win the seventh game and the NBA Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 570]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068370-0001-0002", "contents": "1950\u201351 Rochester Royals season, NBA Finals\nDavies finished the game with 20 points, and Risen scored 24 points and 13 rebounds in the deciding game. Risen finished the series with averages of 21.7 points and 14.3 rebounds, Davies averaged 17 points and 5.3 assists, Wanzer 12.4 points and Coleman 13.1 rebounds. The Knicks remain the only time in NBA history a team has bounced back from a 3\u20130 deficit to force a Game 7.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068371-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Romanian Hockey League season\nThe 1950\u201351 Romanian Hockey League season was the 21st season of the Romanian Hockey League. Eight teams participated in the league, and RATA Targu Mures won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068371-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Romanian Hockey League season, Playoffs, 3rd place\nRATA Targu Mures: Biro, Kerekes, Fabian, Mogos, Ritz, Culcear, Toganel, Incze I, Incze II, Incze III, Nagy, Martonfi", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 58], "content_span": [59, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068371-0002-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Romanian Hockey League season, Playoffs, 3rd place\nAvantul IPEIL Miercurea Ciuc: Sprencz, Sentes, Incze, Spirea, Covaci, Fodor, Vakar, Fenke II, Szabo, Czaka, Haidu", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 58], "content_span": [59, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068371-0003-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Romanian Hockey League season, Playoffs, 3rd place\nPartizanul Bucuresti: Dron, Anastasiu, Marinescu, Dlugosch, Tiron, Flamaropol, Teodorescu, Wanieck, Cosman, Pana, Nimereala, Ardeleanu", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 58], "content_span": [59, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068372-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Rugby Union County Championship\nThe 1950\u201351 Rugby Union County Championship was the 51st edition of England's premier rugby union club competition at the time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068372-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Rugby Union County Championship\nEast Midlands won the competition for the second time after defeating Middlesex in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068373-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 SK Rapid Wien season\nThe 1950\u201351 SK Rapid Wien season was the 53rd season in club history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068374-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 SM-sarja season\nThe 1950\u201351 SM-sarja season was the 20th season of the SM-sarja, the top level of ice hockey in Finland. 10 teams participated in the league, and Ilves Tampere won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068375-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 San Jose State Spartans men's basketball team\nThe 1950\u201351 San Jose State Spartans men's basketball team represented San Jose State College during the 1950\u201351 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Spartans were led by eighth-year head coach Walt McPherson and played their home games at the Spartan Gym. SJSU played as an Independent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068375-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 San Jose State Spartans men's basketball team\nThe Spartans finished 18\u201312 overall. The Spartans were invited and participated in the 1951 NCAA Basketball Tournament, where they lost to BYU in Kansas City, Missouri in the Sweet Sixteen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068375-0002-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 San Jose State Spartans men's basketball team, Roster\nWalt McPherson, alumnus of San Jos\u00e9 State, was the Spartans' head coach in 1950\u201351.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 61], "content_span": [62, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068376-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Scottish Cup\nThe 1950\u201351 Scottish Cup was the 66th staging of Scotland's most prestigious football knockout competition. The Cup was won by Celtic who defeated Motherwell in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068377-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Scottish Districts season\nThe 1950\u201351 Scottish Districts season is a record of all the rugby union matches for Scotland's district teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068377-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Scottish Districts season, History\nFixtures: November 4\u2014Midlands v. North, in the North; Glasgow and District Union v. Rest of Western Clubs, in Glasgow; Edinburgh and District Union v. South District Union, in the South. November 11\u2014North v. South, in Midlands. November 8\u2014East v. West Juniors, in Edinburgh. December 2\u2014lnter-City, in Glasgow. December 16\u2014First trial, in the South. December 23\u2014Second trial, at Murrayfield. January 6\u2014Final trial, at Murrayfield. January 13\u2014Scotland v France, in Paris. February 3-Scotland v. Wales, at Murrayfield. February 24\u2014Scotland v. Ireland, at Murrayfield. March 17\u2014Scotland v. England, at Twickenham.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 652]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068378-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Scottish Division A\nThe 1950\u201351 Scottish Division A was won by Hibernian by ten points over nearest rival Rangers. Clyde and Falkirk finished 15th and 16th respectively and were relegated to the 1951\u201352 Scottish Division B.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068379-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Scottish Division B\nThe 1950\u201351 Scottish Division B was won by Queen of the South who, along with second placed Stirling Albion, were promoted to Division A. Alloa Athletic finished bottom.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068381-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Scottish League Cup\nThe 1950\u201351 Scottish League Cup was the fifth season of Scotland's second football knockout competition. The competition was won by Motherwell, who defeated Hibernian in the Final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068382-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n\nThe 1950\u201351 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n season was the 20th since its establishment and was played between 9 September 1950 and 6 May 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068382-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n, Overview before the season\n32 teams joined the league, including two relegated from the 1949\u201350 La Liga and 6 promoted from the 1949\u201350 Tercera Divisi\u00f3n.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068384-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Serie A (ice hockey) season\nThe 1950\u201351 Serie A season was the 18th season of the Serie A, the top level of ice hockey in Italy. Nine teams participated in the league, and HC Milan Inter won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068385-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Serie B\nThe Serie B 1950\u201351 was the nineteenth tournament of this competition played in Italy since its creation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068385-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Serie B, Teams\nSeregno, Treviso, Ancona and Messina had been promoted from Serie C, while Bari and Venezia had been relegated from Serie A.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 22], "content_span": [23, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068385-0002-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Serie B, Events\nA provisional fifth relegation was added to reduce the league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 23], "content_span": [24, 86]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068386-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Serie C\nThe 1950\u201351 Serie C was the thirteenth edition of Serie C, the third highest league in the Italian football league system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068387-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Sheffield Shield season\nThe 1950\u201351 Sheffield Shield season was the 49th season of the Sheffield Shield, the domestic first-class cricket competition of Australia. Victoria won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068388-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Southern Football League\nThe 1950\u201351 Southern Football League season was the 48th in the history of the league, an English football competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068388-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Southern Football League\nAt the end of the previous season Colchester United and Gillingham were elected to the Football League. The league consisted of 24 clubs, including 22 clubs from the previous season, and two newly elected clubs - Kettering Town and Llanelly. Merthyr Tydfil were champions for the second season in a row, winning their third Southern League title. Six Southern League clubs applied to join the Football League at the end of the season, but none were successful.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 493]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068388-0002-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Southern Football League, Football League elections\nSix Southern League clubs applied for election to the Football League. However, none were successful as only Workington of the North Eastern League received more votes than a League club (New Brighton).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 59], "content_span": [60, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068389-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Soviet Cup (ice hockey)\nThe 1950\u201351 Soviet Cup was the first edition of the Soviet Cup ice hockey tournament. 21 teams participated in the tournament, which was won by Krylya Sovetov Moscow.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068390-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Soviet League season\nThe 1950\u201351 Soviet Championship League season was the fifth season of the Soviet Championship League the top level of ice hockey in the Soviet Union. 12 teams participated in the league, and VVS MVO Moscow won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068391-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Spartan League\nThe 1950\u201351 Spartan League season was the 33rd in the history of Spartan League. The league consisted of 14 teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068391-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Spartan League, League table\nThe division featured 14 teams, 11 from last season and 3 new teams:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 36], "content_span": [37, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068392-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 St. Francis Terriers men's basketball team\nThe 1950\u20131951 St. Francis Terriers men's basketball team represented St. Francis College during the 1950\u201351 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team was coached by Daniel Lynch, who was in his third year at the helm of the St. Francis Terriers. The Terriers played their home games at the Bulter Street Gymnasium in their Cobble Hill, Brooklyn campus and at the II Corps Artillery Armory in Park Slope, Brooklyn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068392-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 St. Francis Terriers men's basketball team\nIn the NCIT championship game Ray Rudzinski scored 26 points, Vernon Stokes scored 22 and Roy Reardon scored 21 points en route to victory in Albany, New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068392-0002-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 St. Francis Terriers men's basketball team, National Catholic Invitation Tournament\nThe tournament took place at the Albany Armory in Albany, NY from March 13 to March 17.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 91], "content_span": [92, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068392-0003-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 St. Francis Terriers men's basketball team, NBA Draft\nAt the end of the season two Terriers were drafted by the NBA. Jim Luisi was selected 56th overall by the Boston Celtics. Roy Reardon was selected with the 64th overall pick by the Syracuse Nationals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 61], "content_span": [62, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068393-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Stoke City F.C. season\nThe 1950\u201351 season was Stoke City's 44th season in the Football League and the 30th in the First Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068393-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Stoke City F.C. season\nStoke were rocked before the start of the season by the news that Neil Franklin and George Mountford had agreed to play for Independiente Santa Fe in Colombia. The transfer caused uproar amongst the FA and the pair were later punished. Stoke were again unimpressive as they finished in a mid table position of 13th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068393-0002-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Stoke City F.C. season, Season review, League\nStoke were rocked before the start of the season by the news that Neil Franklin and George Mountford had agreed to play for Independiente Santa Fe in Colombia. The South American country at this time was not under the jurisdiction of FIFA and the two players came under heavy criticism, and Franklin was stripped from England international duties. However, despite the pair making a big impression on Colombian football the country was at a state of civil unrest and two months later Franklin returned to England. He never played for Stoke again and ended up with Hull City whilst George Mountford finished the season with Santa Fe and returned to Stoke.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 708]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068393-0003-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Stoke City F.C. season, Season review, League\nThe summer activities were still the gossip as the 1950\u201351 season opened with only one new signing at the Victoria Ground, goalkeeper Don Clegg who had an unsuccessful career. Jock Kirton was made captain and most fans lacked confidence in the squad now minus to key players. McGrory stated that his team was good enough for First Division football but admitted that he would have liked to bring in more players to the club. With the season five days old McGrory paid \u00a38,000 on Crewe Alexandra forward Albert Mullard however in his first game for Stoke he injured his knee and suffered a lengthy lay-off.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 658]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068393-0004-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Stoke City F.C. season, Season review, League\nStoke had a season of mixed fortunes and whilst they were certainly good enough to stay out of relegation trouble they lacked the quality to claim a top half finished and ended up in 13th position which was not as bad as some of the supporters made out.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068393-0005-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Stoke City F.C. season, Season review, FA Cup\nStoke drew local rivals Port Vale in the third round and the two sides served up a thrilling cup tie. The initial clash with Vale took place on a heavy Victoria Ground pitch was seen by over 48,000 fans. In an entertaining first half Alan Bennett put Vale into the lead after six minutes and although Stoke pushed hard for an equaliser they couldn't beat Ray King. Then the Vale fans were celebrating again as their side went 2\u20130 up, Cliff Pinchbeck scoring after 45 seconds into the second half.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 550]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068393-0005-0001", "contents": "1950\u201351 Stoke City F.C. season, Season review, FA Cup\nStoke were rattled and soon after Albert Mullard pulled one back with a crisp shot from the edge of the area and he then scored again to set up a frantic finale. However, with both teams battling it out in the mud the match finished in a fair draw. With Vale Park waterlogged it was back to the Victoria Ground and was again a tense encounter. Vale were the better team creating the most chances but with just seconds remaining Frank Bowyer who had been kept quite by the \"Valiants\" defence suddenly found space and headed in a Harry Oscroft cross to end the tie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 617]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068393-0006-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Stoke City F.C. season, Season review, FA Cup\nStoke then beat West Ham United before losing 4\u20132 against Newcastle United in front of 48,500 at the Vic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068394-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Sussex County Football League\nThe 1950\u201351 Sussex County Football League season was the 26th in the history of the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068394-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Sussex County Football League, Clubs\nThe league featured 14 clubs which competed in the last season, no new clubs joined the league this season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 44], "content_span": [45, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068395-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Svenska m\u00e4sterskapet (men's handball)\nThe 1950\u201351 Svenska m\u00e4sterskapet was the 20th season of Svenska m\u00e4sterskapet, a tournament held to determine the Swedish Champions of men's handball. The tournament was contested by all Allsvenskan teams and all District Champions, along with invited teams from Division II. 32 teams competed in the tournament. IK Heim were the defending champions, but were eliminated by \u00d6rebro SK in the quarterfinals. Division II team AIK won the title, defeating IFK Kristianstad in the final. The final was played on 18 March in Eriksdalshallen in Stockholm and was watched by 1,784 spectators.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 629]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068395-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Svenska m\u00e4sterskapet (men's handball), Champions\nThe following players for AIK received a winner's medal: Stig Hultman, Bengt Lithander, Hans M\u00f6ller (1), Evert Djupmark, Svante Malmgren (6), Kjell J\u00f6nsson (1), Bengt J\u00f6nsson (2), Rune \u00d6stberg (1), Sven Holmgren (1) and Bengt Enhamre.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 56], "content_span": [57, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068396-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Swedish Division I season\nThe 1950\u201351 Swedish Division I season was the seventh season of the Swedish Division I. Djurgardens IF defeated AIK in the league final, 2 games to none.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068397-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Swedish football Division 2\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Frietjes (talk | contribs) at 18:10, 16 February 2020 (expand templates per Fb team TfD outcome and Fb competition TfD outcome and Fb cl TfD outcome and Fb rbr TfD outcome). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068397-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Swedish football Division 2\nStatistics of Swedish football Division 2 for the 1950\u201351 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068397-0002-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Swedish football Division 2, League standings, Division 2 Nord\u00f6stra 1950\u201351\nTeams from a large part of northern Sweden, approximately above the province of Medelpad, were not allowed to play in the national league system until the 1953\u201354 season, and a championship was instead played to decide the best team in Norrland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 83], "content_span": [84, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068398-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Swedish football Division 3\nStatistics of Swedish football Division 3 for the 1950\u201351 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068399-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Syracuse Nationals season\nThe 1950\u201351 Syracuse Nationals season was the 5th season of the franchise and the second in the National Basketball Association (NBA). In the regular season, the Nationals finished in fourth place in the Eastern Division & their 32\u201334 record gave them an NBA Playoffs berth. Syracuse faced the Philadelphia Warriors in the 1st round of the Eastern Division playoffs and won the best-of-three series 2\u20130 to advance to the division finals. In that series, the Nationals lost to the New York Knicks 2\u20133 in a best-of-five series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068400-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Tercera Divisi\u00f3n\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Monkbot (talk | contribs) at 17:26, 5 January 2020 (\u2192\u200eExternal links: Task 15:  language icon template(s) replaced (1\u00d7);). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068400-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Tercera Divisi\u00f3n\nThe 1950\u201351 Tercera Divisi\u00f3n was the 15th edition of the Spanish third tier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068401-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Toronto Maple Leafs season\nThe 1950\u201351 Toronto Maple Leafs season involved winning the Stanley Cup. The Stanley Cup was famous for Bill Barilko scoring the winning goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068401-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Toronto Maple Leafs season, Playoffs, Stanley Cup Finals\nEvery game went into overtime in this series. Bill Barilko scored the Cup-winning goal, his last goal in the NHL as he would die in a plane crash during the summer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 64], "content_span": [65, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068401-0002-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Toronto Maple Leafs season, Playoffs, 1951 Toronto Maple Leafs\nTurk Broda, Al Rollins, Jimmy Thomson, Gus Mortson, Bill Barilko, Bill Juzda, Fern Flaman, Hugh Bolton, Ted Kennedy (captain), Sid Smith, Tod Sloan, Cal Gardner, Howie Meeker, Harry Watson, Max Bentley, Joe Klukay, Danny Lewicki, Ray Timgren, Fleming Mackell, Johnny McCormack, Bob Hassard, Conn Smythe (manager), Joe Primeau (coach), Tim Daly (trainer)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 70], "content_span": [71, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068402-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Tottenham Hotspur F.C. season\nThe 1950\u201351 season saw Tottenham Hotspur follow their success of the previous season winning the Second Division to go on and win the First Division for the first time in their history. Spurs entered the FA Cup in the third round and were drawn away to Huddersfield Town, they lost 2\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068402-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Tottenham Hotspur F.C. season, Squad\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 44], "content_span": [45, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068402-0002-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Tottenham Hotspur F.C. season, Competitions, Fixtures\nTottenham were crowned champions after their penultimate game against Sheffield Wednesday which they won 1\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 61], "content_span": [62, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068403-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Tri-Cities Blackhawks season\nThe 1950\u201351 NBA season was the Blackhawks' second season in the NBA and the last in Moline.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068404-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 UCLA Bruins men's basketball team\nThe 1950\u201351 UCLA Bruins men's basketball team represented the University of California, Los Angeles during the 1950\u201351 NCAA men's basketball season and were members of the Pacific Coast Conference. The Bruins were led by third year head coach John Wooden. They finished the regular season with a record of 19\u201310 and tied for the southern division championship with a record of 9\u20134. The Bruins lost to the Washington Huskies in the conference play-offs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068404-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 UCLA Bruins men's basketball team, Previous season\nThe Bruins finished the regular season with a record of 24\u20137 and were southern division champions with a record of 10\u20132. They defeated the Washington State Cougars in the conference play-offs and lost to Bradley in the NCAA regional semifinals and BYU in the regional consolation game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 58], "content_span": [59, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068405-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 UE Lleida season\nThe 1950\u201351 season was the 12th season in UE Lleida's existence, first in La Liga, and covered the period from 1 July 1950 to 30 June 1951. Having won promotion in the previous season UE Lleida struggled in the league and finished bottom and subsequently got relegated back to the Segunda Divisi\u00f3n. They did fair a little better in the Copa Federaci\u00f3n by reaching the semi-finals to crash out 6\u20133 aggregate against Barakaldo CF.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068405-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 UE Lleida season, First-team squad\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 42], "content_span": [43, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068406-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 USM Alger season\nIn the 1950\u201351 season, USM Alger is competing in the Second Division for the 14th season French colonial era, as well as the Forconi Cup. They competing in First Division, and the Forconi Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068406-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 USM Alger season, Squad information, Goalscorers\nIncludes all competitive matches. The list is sorted alphabetically by surname when total goals are equal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 56], "content_span": [57, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068407-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 USM Blida season\nIn the 1950\u201351 season, the Algerian football team USM Blida competed in the Division Honneur, the first division of Algerian club football. It was the club's 18th season after their formation at the beginning of the French colonial era, the club finished the season in 9th place avoiding relegation to the second division. The club also competed in the Forconi Cup, reaching the fifth round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068407-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 USM Blida season, Squad statistics, Goalscorers\nIncludes all competitive matches. The list is sorted alphabetically by surname when total goals are equal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 55], "content_span": [56, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068408-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 United States network television schedule\nThe following is the 1950\u201351 network television schedule for the four major English language commercial broadcast networks in the United States. The schedule covers primetime hours from September 1950 through March 1951. The schedule is followed by a list per network of returning series, new series, and series cancelled after the 1949\u201350 season. This season became the first in which primetime was entirely covered by the networks. It was also the inaugural season of the Nielsen rating system. Late in the season, the coast-to-coast link was in service.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068408-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 United States network television schedule\nIn September 1950 NBC added two live variety series, Four Star Revue and The Colgate Comedy Hour, to its fall schedule. These programs were a network effort to bring NBC's most popular radio stars to television; talent included Eddie Cantor, Jack Carson, Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis, Jimmy Durante, Danny Thomas, Ed Wynn, Bob Hope and Fred Allen. The two new star-studded series were scheduled directly against two of CBS's most popular programs: Four Star Revue went up against Arthur Godfrey and Friends on Wednesday nights, while The Colgate Comedy Hour was slated against Toast of the Town. NBC was confident that its strategy would pay off.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 695]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068408-0002-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 United States network television schedule\nCBS answered NBC's schedule with big radio stars and variety programs of its own, bringing in Frank Sinatra and (in occasional specials) Bing Crosby, Jack Benny, and Edgar Bergen. \"Despite the big budget variety shows in its schedule, though, CBS felt that situation comedy was actually a more stable television form that would be easier to exploit in the long run.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068408-0003-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 United States network television schedule\nIn many time slots, the underfunded DuMont Network did not bother to compete against NBC's or CBS's hit series, instead airing what some TV historians have called \"time-filler\". For example: \"During its long run [The Johns Hopkins Science Review] was scheduled against such hit shows as Break the Bank [and] Dragnet, programs from which its network had little chance of luring away viewers.\" During fall 1950, The Court of Current Issues and The Johns Hopkins Science Review'' aired at the same time as the most heavily viewed program on television, NBC's Texaco Star Theater.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 626]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068408-0003-0001", "contents": "1950\u201351 United States network television schedule\nGiven the competition, DuMont's Tuesday night public-affairs programming attracted virtually no audience. The network had some success with a crime drama that had debuted in January the previous season titled Inside Detective (later retitled Rocky King Detective), which became one of the longest-running series on the network.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068408-0003-0002", "contents": "1950\u201351 United States network television schedule\nAnother DuMont series to debut during the season, Star Time, while short-lived, is remembered for including a television version of the popular radio sketches The Bickersons, and for being an early example of a sponsored network series to feature an African-American as a regular (jazz pianist Teddy Wilson, a familiar member of the Benny Goodman Sextet).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068408-0004-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 United States network television schedule, Legend\nEach of the 30 highest-rated shows is listed with its rank and rating as determined by Nielsen Media Research.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 57], "content_span": [58, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068408-0005-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 United States network television schedule, Sunday\nNote: On CBS, beginning in January, The Jack Benny Program aired as occasional specials once every six to eight weeks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 57], "content_span": [58, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068408-0006-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 United States network television schedule, Sunday\nHopalong Cassidy (9/39.9) aired on NBC from 6:00 to 7:00 p.m. The Bigelow Theatre aired on CBS from 6:00 to 6:30 p.m. from December 1950 to June 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 57], "content_span": [58, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068408-0007-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 United States network television schedule, Saturday\nNotes: On CBS, Big Top aired from 6:30 to 7:30 p.m. Eastern Time from September 1950 to January 6, 1951, after which it moved to Saturdays from noon to 1:00 p.m., where it ran for another seven years. Faye Emerson's Wonderful Town began on June 16, 1951, and concluded its 42-episode run at 9 p.m. on April 12, 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 59], "content_span": [60, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068408-0008-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 United States network television schedule, By network, NBC\nNote: The * indicates that the program was introduced in midseason.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 66], "content_span": [67, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068409-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 United States network television schedule (daytime)\nFollowing are the programs on the 1950\u20131951 United States network television weekday schedule, listing daytime Monday\u2013Friday schedules on four networks for each calendar season from September 1950 to August 1951. All times are Eastern and Pacific. This page is missing info on the DuMont Television Network, which started daytime transmission before any other United States television network. Talk shows are highlighted in  yellow, local programming is white, reruns of prime-time programming are orange, game shows are pink, soap operas are chartreuse, news programs are gold and all others are light blue. New series are highlighted in bold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 704]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068409-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 United States network television schedule (daytime)\nNote: The DuMont Television Network still missing in the schedules. All Monday\u2013Friday Shows for all networks beginning in September 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068409-0002-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 United States network television schedule (daytime), Fall 1950\n5:15\u00a0pm: Paddy the Pelican (to 10/13)/Space Patrol (from 10/16)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 70], "content_span": [71, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068409-0003-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 United States network television schedule (daytime), Fall 1950\n5:15\u00a0pm Life with Snarky Parker (to 10/13)/U.N. General Assembly Sessions (to 10/16)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 70], "content_span": [71, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068409-0004-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 United States network television schedule (daytime), Winter 1950-1951\n2:45\u00a0pm Robert Q's Matinee (to 1/19)/The Johnny Johnston Show (1/22-2/9)/Winner Take All (M W & F from 2/12) & Bride and Groom (Tu & Th from 2/13)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 77], "content_span": [78, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068409-0005-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 United States network television schedule (daytime), Winter 1950-1951\n5:15\u00a0pm The Gabby Hayes Show (M W & F) & Panhandle Pete and Jennifer (Tu & Th)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 77], "content_span": [78, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068409-0006-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 United States network television schedule (daytime), Spring 1951\n3:15\u00a0pm A Guest In Your House/Vacation Wonderland/It's Time for Ernie", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 72], "content_span": [73, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068409-0007-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 United States network television schedule (daytime), Spring 1951\n5:15\u00a0pm The Gabby Hayes Show (M W & F) & Panhandle Pete and Jennifer (Tu & Th)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 72], "content_span": [73, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068410-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 United States network television schedule (late night)\nFrom May 29, 1950 through August 24, 1951, NBC aired programming in the late night television time slot, the first U.S. television network to do so.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068410-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 United States network television schedule (late night)\nNone of the other three major broadcast networks (CBS, Du Mont or ABC) attempted late-night TV during this time frame. Du Mont's first and only show would begin in 1954 (the same year NBC returned to the time slot after a three-year hiatus), ABC would begin in 1964 and CBS in 1969. Most stations in this early period of television signed off during the late night hours.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068410-0002-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 United States network television schedule (late night)\nTalk/variety shows are highlighted in yellow, local programming is white.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068411-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 WIHL season\n1950\u201351 was the fifth season of the Western International Hockey League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 92]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068411-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 WIHL season, League Championship final\nTrail Smoke Eaters beat Spokane Flyers 3 wins to 1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 46], "content_span": [47, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068411-0002-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 WIHL season, League Championship final\nNote: Spokane Flyers were not eligible for the Allan Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 46], "content_span": [47, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068411-0003-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 WIHL season, Semi final\nKimberley Dynamiters beat Nelson Maple Leafs 3 wins to 1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 31], "content_span": [32, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068411-0004-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 WIHL season, Final\nTrail Smoke Eaters beat Kimberley Dynamiters 3 wins to 2.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 26], "content_span": [27, 84]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068411-0005-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 WIHL season, Final\nTrail Smoke Eaters advanced to the 1950-51 British Columbia Senior Playoffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 26], "content_span": [27, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068412-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Washington Capitols season\nThe 1950\u201351 NBA season was the Capitols' fifth and final season in the NBA. Midway through the season, the franchise ceased operations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068413-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Washington Huskies men's basketball team\nThe 1950\u201351 Washington Huskies men's basketball team represented the University of Washington for the 1950\u201351 NCAA college basketball season. Led by first-year head coach Tippy Dye, the Huskies were members of the Pacific Coast Conference and played their home games on campus at Hec Edmundson Pavilion in Seattle, Washington.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068413-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Washington Huskies men's basketball team\nThe Huskies were 20\u20135 overall in the regular season and 11\u20135 in conference play; they won the PCC title series with a two-game sweep of Southern division winner UCLA, which extended their home court winning streak to nineteen games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068413-0002-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Washington Huskies men's basketball team\nIn the 16-team NCAA Tournament, Washington defeated Texas A&M by 22 points in the opener of the West regional in Kansas City,  then fell by four to second-ranked Oklahoma A&M. In the regional third place game, the Huskies defeated newly-crowned NIT champion BYU by thirteen points to end the season at 24\u20136.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068413-0003-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Washington Huskies men's basketball team\nDye was hired in June 1950; he was previously the head coach at Ohio State for four seasons. The Buckeyes were Big Ten champions in the 1949\u201350 season and made the eight-team NCAA Tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068413-0004-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Washington Huskies men's basketball team\nWashington returned to the NCAA Tournament two years later in 1953, and advanced to the Final Four.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068414-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Washington State Cougars men's basketball team\nThe 1950\u201351 Washington State Cougars men's basketball team represented Washington State College for the 1950\u201351 college basketball season. Led by 23rd-year head coach Jack Friel, the Cougars were members of the Pacific Coast Conference and played their home games on campus at Bohler Gymnasium in Pullman, Washington.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068414-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Washington State Cougars men's basketball team\nThe Cougars were 17\u201315 overall in the regular season and 7\u20139 in conference play, third in the Northern division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068415-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Welsh Cup\nThe 1950\u201351 FAW Welsh Cup is the 64th season of the annual knockout tournament for competitive football teams in Wales.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068415-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Welsh Cup, Fifth round\nEight winners from the Fourth round and six new clubs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 85]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068415-0002-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Welsh Cup, Sixth round\nSeven winners from the Fifth round plus one new club.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 84]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068415-0003-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Welsh Cup, Semifinal\nCardiff City and Wrexham played at Shrewsbury, both matches between Newport County and Merthyr Tydfil were held at Cardiff.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 28], "content_span": [29, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068416-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Western Football League\nThe 1950\u201351 season was the 49th in the history of the Western Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068416-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Western Football League\nDivision Three was scrapped after only one season, and the league reverted to the previous two-division format. The champions for the second time in their history were Glastonbury, and the winners of Division Two were Stonehouse.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068416-0002-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Western Football League, Final tables, Division One\nDivision One remained at eighteen members with two clubs promoted to replace Soundwell and Bath City Reserves, who were relegated to Division Two.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 59], "content_span": [60, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068416-0003-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Western Football League, Final tables, Division Two\nDivision Two was increased from eighteen clubs to twenty, after Barnstaple Town and Dorchester Town were promoted to Division One, and Bristol Aeroplane Company and Douglas left the league. Six new clubs joined:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 59], "content_span": [60, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068417-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Western Kentucky Hilltoppers basketball team\nThe 1950\u201351 Western Kentucky Hilltoppers men's basketball team represented Western Kentucky State College during the 1950-51 NCAA University Division Basketball season. The Hilltoppers were led by future Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame coach Edgar Diddle and All-Ohio Valley Conference player Rip Gish. Gish also made the OVC Tournament team. The team participated in the only National Campus Basketball Tournament. This was a new tournament hosted by Bradley University in response to the ongoing point shaving scandal. It was thought that hosting a tournament on a campus site would reduce the opportunity for such scandals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 689]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068418-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 William & Mary Indians men's basketball team\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by PrimeBOT (talk | contribs) at 23:30, 20 June 2020 (\u2192\u200eSchedule: Task 30 - remove deprecated parameter in Template:CBB schedule entry). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068418-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 William & Mary Indians men's basketball team\nThe 1950\u201351 William & Mary Indians men's basketball team represented the College of William & Mary in intercollegiate basketball during the 1950\u201351 NCAA men's basketball season. Under the fourth, and final, year of head coach Barney Wilson, the team finished the season 20\u201311 and 13\u20136 in the Southern Conference. This was the 46th season of the collegiate basketball program at William & Mary, whose nickname is now the Tribe. William & Mary played its home games at Blow Gymnasium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 535]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068418-0002-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 William & Mary Indians men's basketball team\nThe Indians finished in a tie for 4th place in the conference and qualified as the #4 seed for the 1951 Southern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament, hosted by North Carolina State University at Reynolds Coliseum in Raleigh, North Carolina, where the Indians defeated West Virginia in the quarterfinals before losing against Duke in the semifinals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068418-0003-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 William & Mary Indians men's basketball team\nAfter appearances in the Cincinnati Invitational Tournament the previous two seasons, William & Mary did not qualify for a post-season tournament this year. The Indians' next post-season appearance would not come until 1983.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068419-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Wisconsin Badgers men's basketball team\nThe 1950\u20131951 Wisconsin Badgers men's basketball team represented University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison. The head coach was Harold E. Foster, coaching his seventeenth season with the Badgers. The team played their home games at the UW Fieldhouse in Madison, Wisconsin and was a member of the Big Ten Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068420-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Yorkshire Cup\n1950\u201351 was the forty-third occasion on which the  Yorkshire Cup competition had been held.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068420-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Yorkshire Cup\nHuddersfield won the trophy by beating Castleford by the score of 16-3", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 92]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068420-0002-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Yorkshire Cup\nThe match was played at Headingley, Leeds, now in West Yorkshire. The attendance was 28,610 and receipts were \u00a35,152", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068420-0003-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Yorkshire Cup, Background\nThis season, junior/amateur clubs Yorkshire Amateurs were again invited to take part and the  number of clubs who entered remained at the same as last season's total number of sixteen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 33], "content_span": [34, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068420-0004-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Yorkshire Cup, Background\nThis in turn resulted in no byes in the first round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 33], "content_span": [34, 86]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068420-0005-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Yorkshire Cup, Background\nThe  competition again followed the  original formula of a knock-out tournament, with the  exception of the  first round which was still played on a two-legged home and away basis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 33], "content_span": [34, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068420-0006-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Yorkshire Cup, Competition and Results, Round 1 - First Leg\nAll first round ties are played on a two-legged home and away basis", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 67], "content_span": [68, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068420-0007-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Yorkshire Cup, Competition and Results, Round 1 - Second Leg\nAll first round ties are played on a two-legged home and away basis", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 68], "content_span": [69, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068420-0008-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Yorkshire Cup, Competition and Results, Round 2 - Quarter Finals\nAll second round ties are played on a knock-out basis", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 72], "content_span": [73, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068420-0009-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Yorkshire Cup, Competition and Results, Final, Teams and Scorers\nScoring - Try = three (3) points - Goal = two (2) points - Drop goal = two (2) points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 72], "content_span": [73, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068420-0010-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Yorkshire Cup, Competition and Results, The road to success\nAll the ties in the  first round were played on a two leg (home and away) basis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 67], "content_span": [68, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068420-0011-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Yorkshire Cup, Competition and Results, The road to success\nFor the  first round ties, the first club named in each of the ties played the first leg at home.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 67], "content_span": [68, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068420-0012-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Yorkshire Cup, Competition and Results, The road to success\nFor the  first round ties, the scores shown are the aggregate score over the two legs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 67], "content_span": [68, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068420-0013-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Yorkshire Cup, Notes and comments\n1 * Yorkshire Amateurs were a team from Yorkshire which appeared to have players selected from  many both professional and amateur clubs - can anyone comment\u00a0? Yorkshire Amateurs played on many grounds, this year the home leg was played at Headingley, the  ground of Leeds", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 41], "content_span": [42, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068420-0014-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Yorkshire Cup, Notes and comments\n2 * The  attendance is given as 28,610 by RUGBYLEAGUEproject   but 28,906 by the  Rothmans Rugby League Yearbook of 1991-92", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 41], "content_span": [42, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068420-0015-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Yorkshire Cup, Notes and comments\n3 * Headingley, Leeds, is the home ground of Leeds RLFC with a capacity of 21,000. The record attendance was  40,175 for a league match between Leeds and Bradford Northern on 21 May 1947.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 41], "content_span": [42, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068420-0016-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Yorkshire Cup, Notes and comments, General information for those unfamiliar\nThe Rugby League Yorkshire Cup competition was a knock-out competition between (mainly professional) rugby league clubs from  the  county of Yorkshire. The actual area was at times increased to encompass other teams from  outside the  county such as Newcastle, Mansfield, Coventry, and even London (in the form of Acton & Willesden.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 83], "content_span": [84, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068420-0017-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Yorkshire Cup, Notes and comments, General information for those unfamiliar\nThe Rugby League season always (until the onset of \"Summer Rugby\" in 1996) ran from around August-time through to around May-time and this competition always took place early in the season, in the Autumn, with the final taking place in (or just before) December (The only exception to this was when disruption of the fixture list was caused during, and immediately after, the two World Wars)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 83], "content_span": [84, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068421-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Yorkshire Football League\nThe 1950-51 Yorkshire Football League was the 25th season in the history of the Yorkshire Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068422-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 Yugoslav Ice Hockey League season\nThe 1950\u201351 Yugoslav Ice Hockey League season was the ninth season of the Yugoslav Ice Hockey League, the top level of ice hockey in Yugoslavia. Four teams participated in the league, and Partizan have won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068423-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 in Belgian football\nThe 1950\u201351 season was the 48th season of competitive football in Belgium. RSC Anderlechtois won their 4th and 3rd consecutive Premier Division titleThe Belgium national football team played 6 friendly games, with 1 win, 3 draws and 2 losses.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068423-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 in Belgian football, Overview\nAt the end of the season, Beringen FC and RFC Brugeois were relegated to Division I, while RU Saint-Gilloise (Division I A winner) and RUS Tournaisienne (Division I B winner) were promoted to the Premier Division. RU Hutoise FC, EFC Hasselt, SC Eendracht Aalst and K Tubantia FC were relegated from Division I to Promotion, to be replaced by Daring Club Leuven, RRC de Gand, Waterschei SV Thor and Rupel SK.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068423-0002-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 in Belgian football, Final league tables, Premier Division\nTop scorer: Albert De Hert (R Berchem Sport) with 27 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 66], "content_span": [67, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068424-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 in English football\nThe 1950\u201351 season was the 71st season of competitive football in England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068424-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 in English football, Overview\nTottenham Hotspur won their first League Championship, while Newcastle United defeated Blackpool 2\u20130 to win their fourth FA Cup. They would win it twice more over the next four seasons. Everton were relegated to the Second Division for only the second time in their history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068424-0002-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 in English football, Overview\nThe league was expanded from 88 to 92 clubs for this season, with Scunthorpe United and Shrewsbury Town joining the Third Division North, and Colchester United join the Third Division South along with Gillingham who were re-elected to the league 12 years after being voted out of it.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068424-0003-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 in English football, Overview\nSunderland signed Trevor Ford from Aston Villa for the then record fee of \u00a330,000 (2012: \u00a3900,000).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068424-0004-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 in English football, Overview\nAt the end of the season, Matt Busby signed Birmingham City winger Johnny Berry for Manchester United for a club record fee of \u00a325,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068424-0005-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 in English football, Honours\nNotes = Number in parentheses is the times that club has won that honour. * indicates new record for competition", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 36], "content_span": [37, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068424-0006-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 in English football, FA Cup\nNewcastle United defeated Blackpool 2\u20130 in the 1951 FA Cup Final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 35], "content_span": [36, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068425-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 in Israeli football\nThe 1950\u201351 season was the 3rd season of competitive football in Israel and the 25th season under the Israeli Football Association, established in 1928, during the British Mandate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068425-0001-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 in Israeli football\nDuring this season not league football was played, as Hapoel and Maccabi factions in the IFA argued over the composition of the top division, and whether to include Maccabi Nes Tziona in Liga Alef. The disagreement was settled towards the end of the season, allowing league operation to renew at the start of the next season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068425-0002-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 in Israeli football, IFA Competitions, 1949\u201351 Israel State Cup\nAfter almost 2 years of deliberations, a decision was finally given in Maccabi Petah Tikva's appeal over their elimination in the quarter finals, and a rematch against Hapoel Tel Aviv was set. However, after the completion of the quarter-finals, and playing 3 out of the 4 matches of the semi-finals, the competition was abandoned.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 71], "content_span": [72, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068425-0003-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 in Israeli football, Non-IFA competitions\nAs IFA-organized competitions were suspended, each faction organized its own competition. Hapoel organized a two-tier league honouring the 30th anniversary of the Histadrut. The senior competition, contested by Hapoel Tel Aviv, Hapoel Jerusalem, Hapoel Ramat Gan, Hapoel Rishon LeZion , Hapoel Petah Tikva and Hapoel Haifa, was won by Hapoel Tel Aviv, with Hapoel Petah Tikva finishing as runners-up. The second  tier was split into North and South regional divisions, won by Hapoel Namal Haifa and Hapoel Rehovot, respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 49], "content_span": [50, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068425-0003-0001", "contents": "1950\u201351 in Israeli football, Non-IFA competitions\nMaccabi organized a cup competition called President Cup, won by Maccabi Tel Aviv, followed by a cup competition called \"Yad LaAsara\" (lit. memorial to the ten, after 10 Maccabi members who fell during the 1948 Arab\u2013Israeli War). This competition was abandoned as the dispute in the IFA was settled and the league restored.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 49], "content_span": [50, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068425-0004-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 in Israeli football, National Teams, National team, 1950 Maccabiah Games\nThe national team represented Israel in the 1950 Maccabiah Games and played four matches against teams from South Africa, United Kingdom, France and Switzerland. The team won all four matches and the gold medal for the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 80], "content_span": [81, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068426-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 in Scottish football\nThe 1950\u201351 season was the 78th season of competitive football in Scotland and the 54th season of the Scottish Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068427-0000-0000", "contents": "1950\u201351 in Swedish football\nThe 1950\u201351 season in Swedish football, starting August 1950 and ending July 1951:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068428-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\n1951 (MCMLI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1951st year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 951st  year of the 2nd\u00a0millennium, the 51st  year of the 20th\u00a0century, and the  2nd   year of the 1950s decade.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 4], "section_span": [4, 4], "content_span": [5, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068429-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 24 Hours of Le Mans\nThe 1951 24 Hours of Le Mans was the 19th Grand Prix of Endurance, and took place on 23 and 24 June 1951. It was won by Peter Walker and Peter Whitehead in their works-entered Jaguar C-type, the first Le Mans win for the marque.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068429-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 24 Hours of Le Mans\nThe arrival of Jaguar's and Cunningham's first purpose-built racers in direct competition with Ferrari, and the first showing for Porsche and Lancia, marked the beginning of an era of intense competition between manufacturers of sports cars. The more powerful new sport racers would develop rapidly and put a final end to luxury touring cars and their derivatives as top contenders at Le Mans. It was the final outing for Delahaye and Bentley (for 50 years) and the sports prototype tide would overwhelm Talbot-Lago in the next couple of years. The race was marred by the death of French driver Jean Larivi\u00e8re within the opening laps of the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 671]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068429-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 24 Hours of Le Mans, Regulations\nThis year there were no significant changes to the regulations, by either the CSI or the Automobile Club de l'Ouest (ACO), except to create a Reserve list as a back-up to the basic sixty entrants.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068429-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nWorks entries were entered by Aston Martin, Frazer-Nash, Healey, Jaguar, Jowett, Panhard and Renault as well as self-built cars from Allard, Cunningham, DB, Delettrez, Gordini and Monopole. The biggest sensation were the three works cars from Jaguar after their private entry the year before. Designed in complete secrecy specifically for Le Mans, the XK-120C, or C-Type (\u2018C\u2019 standing for \u2018Competition\u2019) was 450\u00a0kg lighter than before and its 3.4L engine developed 205\u00a0bhp with a top speed of 160\u00a0mph (257\u00a0km/h).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068429-0003-0001", "contents": "1951 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nAlong with Fairman, Whitehead and Johnson, team manager \u201cLofty\u201d England paired them up respectively with debutants Stirling Moss and Peter Whitehead and multiple Mille Miglia winner Clemente Biondetti. Sydney Allard again had the biggest cars, returning with a pair of his J2s with their 5.4L Cadillac engines. John Wyer\u2019s works Aston Martin team fielded three DB2 coup\u00e9s, bolstered by a pair of privately-entered DB-2s. In the 3.0L class, their reliable 2.6L engines had improved to develop 138bhp.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068429-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nBriggs Cunningham also returned, this year with three cars of his own design \u2013 the first serious American entry for victory in 20 years. Although heavy, the C-2R with its big 5.4L Chrysler V8 engine, could develop a powerful 225bhp and had a top speed over 240\u00a0km/h. Defending French honour, after the previous year\u2019s victory, were six private-entrant Talbots, including four of the two-seat Formula 1 conversions. With works backing, 'Tony' Lago hired the top Argentinian drivers from F1: Juan-Manuel Fangio drove with last year\u2019s winner Louis Rosier, while Jos\u00e9 Froil\u00e1n Gonz\u00e1lez was paired with the young Onofre Marim\u00f3n. This year also marked the final entry by Delahaye.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 707]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068429-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nThe biggest entry from a single marque were nine Ferraris (including three entered by US Ferrari-agent & triple Le Mans winner Luigi Chinetti). Although there was still no works team, they did include four of the exciting new \u2018340 America\u2019 in the big-engine class.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068429-0005-0001", "contents": "1951 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nAfter winning the Mille Miglia, they arrived as one of the pre-race favourites: the 4.1L V12 engine (based on the F1 4.5L engine) matched the Cunninghams, producing 230\u00a0bhp and a top speed around 240\u00a0km/h. There were also three new \u2018212 Export\u2019 models with 2.4L engines and a pair of the older 2.0L, race-proven, \u2018166MM\u2019 models. The other Italian entry was a lone Lancia, here for the first time. Vittorio Jano\u2019s Aurelia B20 design was a development of the B10, the first production car with a V6 engine. Entered by the Milanese Scuderia Ambrosiana team of Count Giovanni Lurani, it was the first car at Le Mans to race with radial tyres. Finally, both the Bentley sedan and Delettrez diesel returned for the last time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 753]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068429-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nIn the smaller categories, there was a significant new entrant: Race director and founder Charles Faroux had approached Porsche to be the first German car in the post-war races. Five of its modern new 356 SL (Super Licht) model were built but two were wrecked in road-testing, but two did make the entry-list. Its 1086cc engine developed just 46bhp but that still gave a top speed of 100mph (160\u00a0km/h).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068429-0006-0001", "contents": "1951 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nAgain, French makes dominated the small classes, with 16 entries from Panhard, DB, Monopole, Renault,  Simca, Gordini and several one-off specials (all with an assortment of Panhard, Simca or Renault engines)Up against them, aside from the Porsches, was a single Czech Aero-Minor, a pair of Jowetts, an MG and a new American Crosley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068429-0007-0000", "contents": "1951 24 Hours of Le Mans, Practice\nThe Jaguars immediately showed their pace, although Peter Walker complained that the lights were insufficient in the night-practice. When it was pointed out he had his tinted glasses on, he took them off and went out and immediately did an unofficial lap of 4:46. But it was Phil Walters\u2019 Cunningham that set the fastest official practice lap at 5:03. The later practice sessions were compromised by very wet weather. Rudolf Sauerwein suffered severe leg injuries when his new Porsche crashed and rolled, almost collecting Moss's Jaguar and Morris-Goodall's Aston Martin following close behind. A number of cars had engine problems in practice that were traced to the fuel supplied by the ACO \u2013 nominally 80-octane, but that was suspect. Many teams needed to do last minute engine modifications.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 830]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068429-0008-0000", "contents": "1951 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start\nAfter all the rain in practice, race-day also started wet but it was dry for the start. Tom Cole's Allard was first away, but at the end of the first lap, it was the Talbot of Gonz\u00e1lez ahead of Moss and Cole. After three laps the young, very fast, Stirling Moss dashed into the lead and took on the role that was to become his signature - the hare sent out to break the pursuing hounds, running to an assigned pace. However tragedy struck on the sixth lap: French driver Jean Larivi\u00e8re crashed his Ferrari 212 heavily into a sandbank at Tertre Rouge, getting airborne. He was killed instantly when virtually decapitated by a wire fence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 674]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068429-0009-0000", "contents": "1951 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start\nThe race continued though, and Moss set a blistering pace, repeatedly lowering Rosier's 1950 lap record (eventually, over 6 seconds quicker). After an hour, Moss led Gonz\u00e1lez, ahead of the Jaguars of Biondetti and Walker, then the Talbots of Chaboud and Rosier. By the end of the second hour, Moss had put a lap on the whole field. At the four-hour mark Moss & Fairman had a lead of over 2 laps, with the Jaguar team running 1-2-3, ahead of the Talbots of Gonz\u00e1lez and Fangio.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068429-0010-0000", "contents": "1951 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start\nSoon afterward, the rain returned and stayed for the rest of the night. The pace was starting to take its toll: Both Allards had gone off track, and repairing the damage put them well down. Chaboud's Talbot was out with radiator problems, and a loss of oil pressure caused a similar problem stopping the Biondetti Jaguar. Louis Chiron, running in the top 10, ran his Ferrari out of gas on-track, but when the officials found out a mechanic had driven out to him with a tank of fuel to top up he was disqualified.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 550]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068429-0011-0000", "contents": "1951 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start\nIn the smaller classes, the 1500cc Gordinis were comfortably ahead of their English competition (the Jowetts and MG) \u2013 at times 40 seconds a lap faster - Manzon and Trintignant running as high as 15th and 16th respectively, mixing it with the bigger cars until both were put out with engine problems after only 4 hours.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068429-0012-0000", "contents": "1951 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Night\nJust before midnight, after his car had held the lead for more than 7 hours, Moss\u2019 impressive run came to an end \u2013 a conrod broke due, like Biondetti, due to a major loss of oil pressure. Soon after, Rosier was stopped by a split oil tank. The remaining works Jaguar of Walker/Whitehead inherited the lead, a lap ahead of Gonz\u00e1lez/Marim\u00f3n. The Britons extended the lead to 7 laps, easily matching the Talbot's pace through the night until the latter car retired with a blown head gasket at the halfway mark.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068429-0013-0000", "contents": "1951 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Night\nThe Ferrari challenge never really materialised, although wealthy Englishman Eddie Hall, who had driven solo the previous year to 2nd place, had his Ferrari 340 up to as high as 3rd during the night. The big heavy Cunninghams suffered in the greasy wet conditions; two had been held up in the first couple of hours and were well down the order. Huntoon, co-driving the boss\u2019 car, slid off at Indianapolis wrecking the steering, then soon afterward Rand spun his car in traffic at the Dunlop curve. He missed the other cars but slammed into the roadside bank.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068429-0013-0001", "contents": "1951 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Night\nThe third car though, of Fitch/Walters, had been in the top 10 throughout, steadily picking up places as others fell out, and was up to 2nd when the Talbot retired. The Allard/Cole car had charged through the field up to 4th after its initial delay, but was finally stopped at the end of the night by a broken gearbox.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068429-0014-0000", "contents": "1951 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Night\nBack in the junior classes, with only the reserve-entry Jowett left, the Gordinis were making good progress, with a 9-lap lead, when disaster struck \u2013 both remaining Gordinis were retired late in the night with yet more engine problems.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068429-0015-0000", "contents": "1951 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Morning\nAs dawn broke, the Jaguar had a comfortable 8-lap lead over the Cunningham, the Macklin/Thompson Aston Martin and the Rolt/Hamilton Nash-Healey. Hall's Ferrari gave up with a flat battery and would not restart. The two Talbots of Mairesse/Meyrat and Bouillin/Marchand followed, trying to stage a fightback, split by the Abecassis/Shawe-Taylor Aston Martin. This order stayed fairly constant through the morning, until midday when the Cunningham hit the pits with engine problems. The crew made repairs and it crawled around doing occasional slow laps, waiting for the race-end. By pushing hard, Mairesse and Meyrat picked off the Nash-Healey in the early morning, then passed the Aston Martin into 3rd about 11am, which became 2nd when the Cunningham stopped.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 799]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068429-0016-0000", "contents": "1951 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Morning\nMeanwhile, even being the sole survivor of the S1500 class, it still took the Jowett over an hour to overtake the leading Gordini on distance \u2013 they eventually cruised home to finish 21st.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068429-0017-0000", "contents": "1951 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race\nIn the end, the Jaguar won at a canter, with a 9-lap lead over the Talbot. Despite 16 hours of rain, the Jaguar easily broke the distance record, covering over 3600\u00a0km. Even though Mairesse put in his fastest lap in the last hour, and they covered two more laps than Rosier's winning Talbot last year, Meyrat and Mairesse were not going to catch the Jaguar and they again finished second. Debutants Pierre Bouillin (racing under the pseudonym Levegh) and Ren\u00e9 Marchand, driving Mairesse's 1949-race Talbot finished a creditable 4th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 585]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068429-0017-0001", "contents": "1951 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race\nThe Aston Martins again proved extremely reliable: five entered, five finished with the three works cars coming in 3rd, 5th and 7th and 1-2-3 in class. Macklin & Thompson in 3rd were less than a lap behind the Talbot, having spent only 10 minutes in the pits during the whole race. Like the previous year, the Anglo-American Nash-Healey of Rolt/Hamilton had proven very reliable.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068429-0017-0002", "contents": "1951 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race\nEven with its bigger engine, its heavier weight meant it could never compete with the Jaguars and Talbots in its class for pace, but that reliability had got it up to 4th in the morning, until overtaken by the Talbot and the leading Aston Martin and finishing 6th. Only one of the big Ferraris finished \u2013 Chinetti's own, in 8th, although three of the smaller ones did make it to the end. The Lancia had run like clockwork finishing 12th. Incredibly it had covered nearly 2000 miles on just a single set of tyres, and was then driven back to Turin after the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 615]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068429-0018-0000", "contents": "1951 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race\nAfter the tribulations getting to the start, the new Porsche of Auguste Veuillet (the Porsche agent in Paris) won its class at first attempt; a promising start to an exceptional association with Le Mans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068429-0018-0001", "contents": "1951 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race\nFor the second year running the Biennial Cup and the Index of Performance both went to the works Monopole by Pierre H\u00e9rnard & Jean de Montr\u00e9myDespite their best attempts, neither Fitch's Cunningham, the second Allard nor the Bentley were classified \u2013 the former two could not get their final laps done in the minimum time and the latter missed its minimum required distance by just 4 miles (half a lap! ).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 458]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068429-0019-0000", "contents": "1951 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race\nThe popular American adage of the time \u2013 \u201cWin on Sunday, sell on Monday\u201d \u2013 was particularly apt for Jaguar. It was later estimated that extra sales of US$12 million were generated in the USA alone from their Le Mans win. By contrast, the negative press for Gordini's failure led to Simca withdrawing its engine supply to the team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068430-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 A Group\nStatistics of Bulgarian A Football Group in the 1951 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 73]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068430-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 A Group, Overview\nIt was contested by 12 teams, and CSKA Sofia won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 22], "content_span": [23, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068431-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 AAA Championship Car season\nThe 1951 AAA Championship Car season consisted of 15 races, beginning in Speedway, Indiana on May 30 and concluding in San Mateo, California on November 11. There was also one non-championship event in Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania. The AAA National Champion was Tony Bettenhausen, and the Indianapolis 500 winner was Lee Wallard.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068431-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 AAA Championship Car season, Final points standings\nNote1: The points became the car, when not only one driver led the car, the relieved driver became small part of the points. Points for driver method: (the points for the finish place) / (number the lap when completed the car) * (number the lap when completed the driver)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 56], "content_span": [57, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068431-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 AAA Championship Car season, Final points standings\nNote2: There were scoring omissions in the AAA records regarding laps completed for eight drivers in the Darlington and Milwaukee races in 1951. The statistics shown include the most accurate representation of those races that is available.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 56], "content_span": [57, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068433-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Akron Zips football team\nThe 1951 Akron Zips football team was an American football team that represented the University of Akron in the Ohio Athletic Conference (OAC) during the 1951 college football season. In its fourth and final season under head coach William Houghton, the team compiled a 1\u20138 record (1\u20133 against OAC opponents) and was outscored by a total of 252 to 116. Joe Mazzaferro and Paul Scarpitti were the team captains. The team played its home games at the Rubber Bowl in Akron, Ohio.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068434-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Alabama Crimson Tide football team\nThe 1951 Alabama Crimson Tide football team (variously \"Alabama\", \"UA\" or \"Bama\") represented the University of Alabama in the 1951 college football season. It was the Crimson Tide's 57th overall and 18th season as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The team was led by head coach Harold Drew, in his fifth year, and played their home games at Denny Stadium in Tuscaloosa, Legion Field in Birmingham, Ladd Stadium in Mobile and at the Cramton Bowl in Montgomery, Alabama. They finished with a record of five wins and six losses (5\u20136 overall, 3\u20135 in the SEC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 610]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068434-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Alabama Crimson Tide football team\nThe Crimson Tide opened the season with an 89\u20130 victory over Delta State, and the 89 points were the most scored by an Alabama team since the  1922 squad defeated Marion Military Institute 110\u20130. However, the Tide followed the victory up with a four-game losing streak that included losses against LSU, Vanderbilt, Villanova and Tennessee. Alabama then evened its record at 4\u20134 with victories over Mississippi State, Georgia and Mississippi Southern, but then lost to Georgia Tech and Florida to secure their first losing season since 1903. The Crimson Tide then closed the season with a 25\u20137 victory over Auburn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 653]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068434-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Alabama Crimson Tide football team\nThe game against Delta State at Cramton Bowl in Montgomery marked the first year of a four-year period in which Alabama, which was already regularly playing games in Mobile and Birmingham as well as Tuscaloosa, began playing \"home\" games in four different cities.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068434-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Delta State\nTo open the 1951 season, Alabama shutout the Delta State Statesmen 89\u20130 at the Cramton Bowl in the only all-time meeting between the schools. The Crimson Tide scored multiple touchdowns in all four quarters in what was the largest margin of victory for Alabama since a 110\u20130 win over the Marion Military Institute to open the 1922 season. In the first quarter, touchdowns were scored on a 30-yard Bobby Marlow run, a 27-yard James Melton run and an 11-yard Clell Hobson pass to Joe Curtis for a 21\u20130 lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 68], "content_span": [69, 574]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068434-0003-0001", "contents": "1951 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Delta State\nIn the second quarter, touchdowns were scored on a 36-yard Larry Chiodetti run and a three-yard Joe Compton run for a 35\u20130 halftime lead. In the third quarter, touchdowns were scored on a 51-yard Marlow run, a 15-yard George McCain pass to Chiodetti, a one-yard Bobby Luna run and a 46-yard Luna pass to Thomas Tharp for a 63\u20130 lead. In the fourth quarter, touchdowns were scored on a 63-yard Tommy Lewis run, a 44-yard Luna run, an 11-yard Tharp run and a 19-yard Hobson run to make the final score 89\u20130. In total, the Crimson Tide outgained the Statesmen in total offense 553 to 163 yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 68], "content_span": [69, 660]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068434-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, LSU\nTo open conference play for the 1951 season, Alabama was defeated by LSU 13\u20137 at Ladd Stadium in Mobile. After a scoreless first quarter, LSU took a 6\u20130 halftime lead when James Barton threw a 20-yard touchdown pass to Warren Virgets. The Crimson Tide responded to take a 7\u20136 lead in the third after Bobby Marlow scored on a one-yard touchdown run. However, their lead was short lived as Leroy Labat scored the game-winning touchdown for the Tigers on an 18-yard run for the 13\u20137 victory. The loss brought Alabama's all-time record against LSU to 13\u20136\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 60], "content_span": [61, 615]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068434-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Vanderbilt\nIn what was their first road game of the season, the Crimson Tide lost to the Vanderbilt Commodores by a final score of 22\u201320 in Nashville. After Alabama took a 7\u20130 lead in the first quarter on a one-yard James Melton run, Vanderbilt took a 12\u20137 lead in the second quarter on a Richard Foster run and a four-yard Charles Wade pass to Ted Kirkland. The Crimson Tide responded with a one-yard Bobby Marlow touchdown run late in the second to take a 13\u201312 halftime lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 67], "content_span": [68, 535]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068434-0005-0001", "contents": "1951 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Vanderbilt\nThe Commodores rebounded in the third to retake the lead 22\u201313 after Foster scored on a 10-yard run and later kick a 46-yard field goal. A four-yard Marlow touchdown in the fourth made the final score 22\u201320 in favor of the Commodores. The loss brought Alabama's all-time record against Vanderbilt to 16\u201314\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 67], "content_span": [68, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068434-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Villanova\nOn a Friday night in the first Tuscaloosa game of the season, Alabama was defeated by the Villanova Wildcats, 41\u201318, at Denny Stadium in the only all-time meeting between the schools. After a scoreless first quarter, Villanova took a 21\u20130 lead into halftime with touchdowns scored on touchdown runs of eight-yards by Robert Haner, two-yards by Dick Bedesem and 38-yards by Benjamin Addiego. Alabama opened the third with their first points of the game on a two-yard Bobby Marlow touchdown run. However, the Wildcats responded with a four-yard William Brannau touchdown pass to Joseph Rilo to make the score 28\u20136 as the teams entered the fourth quarter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 66], "content_span": [67, 719]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068434-0007-0000", "contents": "1951 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Villanova\nIn the fourth quarter, each team scored a pair of touchdowns and made the final score 41\u201318 in favor of the Wildcats. Alabama scored on a pair of long touchdown passes from Clell Hobson to George MacAfee from 75 and 67 yards and Villanova scored on touchdown runs of one yard by Bedesem and five yards by Addiego. The loss marked the first time the Crimson Tide lost three consecutive games since the 1927 season, ended a 20-game winning streak at Denny Stadium and the 41\u00a0points allowed to the Wildcats were the most scored by an Alabama opponent since a 54\u20134 loss to Sewanee in 1907.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 66], "content_span": [67, 652]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068434-0008-0000", "contents": "1951 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Tennessee\nAlabama lost 27\u201313 to the rival Tennessee Volunteers and it marked both their first loss to Tennessee at Legion Field since the 1940 season and the first four-game losing streak for the Crimson Tide since the 1910 season. Alabama took a 7\u20130 first quarter lead on a one-yard Bobby Marlow run only to see Tennessee tie the game 7\u20137 at halftime after Bert Rechichar scored on a 20-yard Hank Lauricella touchdown pass in the second quarter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 66], "content_span": [67, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068434-0008-0001", "contents": "1951 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Tennessee\nThe Volunteers then took a 14\u20137 lead in the third on a three-yard Dick Ernsberger run before they closed the game with a pair of touchdowns in the fourth. In the final period Tennessee touchdowns were scored by Lauricella on a 35-yard run and on a 20-yard Harold Payne pass to Vince Kaseta; the lone Alabama touchdown was scored on a second, one-yard Marlow run to make the final score 27\u201313.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 66], "content_span": [67, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068434-0009-0000", "contents": "1951 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Tennessee\nAlthough the first Alabama game to be televised occurred in their matchup at Fordham in 1939, this game was broadcast on ABC and was the first Alabama game to be broadcast over network television. The loss brought Alabama's all-time record against Tennessee to 17\u201312\u20134.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 66], "content_span": [67, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068434-0010-0000", "contents": "1951 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Mississippi State\nAt Starkville, the Crimson Tide shutout the Mississippi State Maroons 7\u20130 to end their four-game losing streak at Scott Field. The only points of the game came in the second quarter when Clell Hobson threw a 39-yard touchdown pass to Larry Chiodetti for Alabama. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Mississippi State to 27\u20137\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 74], "content_span": [75, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068434-0011-0000", "contents": "1951 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Georgia\nIn their final road game of the season, Alabama defeated the Georgia Bulldogs 16\u201314 Sanford Stadium in Athens. After a scoreless first quarter, the Bulldogs took a 7\u20130 halftime lead after Conrad Manisera returned a punt 72-yards for a second-quarter touchdown. The Crimson Tide responded over the final two quarters with a pair of Clell Hobson touchdown passes to George McCain from 14 and 21-yards and a 21-yard Harold Lutz field goal for a 16\u20137 lead. Georgia then scored the final touchdown of the game late in the fourth on a two-yard Manisera run to make the final score 16\u201314. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Georgia to 19\u201315\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 64], "content_span": [65, 721]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068434-0012-0000", "contents": "1951 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Mississippi Southern\nAfter the Mississippi Southern Southerners took a 7\u20130 lead, the Crimson Tide responded with 40 unanswered points for the 40\u20137 victory at Denny Stadium. The lone Southern touchdown came early in the first quarter on a two-yard Granville Hart run for their brief 7\u20130 lead. Alabama responded with touchdowns on 58-yard Virgil Willis interception return and runs of 53 and five yards by George McCain for a 19\u20137 Crimson Tide lead at the end of the first quarter. They then closed the game with touchdowns on a four-yard Bobby Marlow run in the third and two-yard Thomas Tharp run and 21-yard Clell Hobson pass to Bobby Luna in the fourth quarter. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Mississippi Southern to 5\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 77], "content_span": [78, 804]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068434-0013-0000", "contents": "1951 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Georgia Tech\nAfter Alabama held Georgia Tech to only six first half points, the Yellow Jackets scored three second half touchdowns en route to a 27\u20137 victory at Legion Field. The only first half points were scored on a 17-yard Elbert Crawford touchdown pass to Lambert Knox in the second quarter for a 6\u20130 halftime lead for Tech. The Yellow Jackets continued their scoring into the fourth quarter with touchdowns on a two-yard Windle Hardeman run and 21-yard Crawford pass to Jake Martin in the third and a 31-yard Crawford pass to Knox in the fourth for a 27\u20130 lead. The only Alabama points were scored late in the fourth on a one-yard Larry Chiodetti run to end the Tech shutout bid. The loss brought Alabama's all-time record against Georgia Tech to 17\u201313\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 69], "content_span": [70, 818]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068434-0014-0000", "contents": "1951 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Florida\nOn homecoming in Tuscaloosa, 17 unanswered points by Florida in the second half gave the Gators 30\u201321 win at Denny Stadium. The teams traded touchdowns in the first half to give Alabama a 21\u201313 halftime lead. Crimson Tide touchdowns were scored on a 10-yard Clell Hobson run, a 73-yard George McCain pass to Al Lary and a six-yard James Melton run; Gators touchdowns were scored on Buford Long touchdown runs of 10 and eight-yards. Florida then closed with game with a 45-yard Haywood Sullivan touchdown pass to James French and a 14-yard Richard Casares field goal in the third and a one-yard Sullivan touchdown run in the fourth for the 30\u201321 Gators victory. The loss brought Alabama's all-time record against Florida to 8\u20134.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 64], "content_span": [65, 792]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068434-0015-0000", "contents": "1951 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Auburn\nFor the third time in four years since the revival of the Auburn series, Alabama defeated the Tigers 25\u20137 at Legion Field. The Crimson Tide took a 13\u20130 halftime lead on touchdown runs of seven-yards by Bobby Marlow in the first and of three-yards by James Melton in the second. Third quarter Marlow touchdown runs of 39 and 22-yards gave Alabama a 25\u20130 lead before Auburn scored their only points on an eight-yard Homer Williams run in the fourth to make the final score 25\u20137. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Auburn to 7\u20138\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 63], "content_span": [64, 612]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068435-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Albanian Cup\nThe 1951 Albanian Cup (Albanian: Kupa e Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb) was the fifth season of Albania's annual football cup competition. It began in Spring 1951 with the First Round and ended in May 1951 with the Final match. Dinamo Tirana were the defending champions, having won their first Albanian Cup the previous season. The cup was won by Dinamo Tirana.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068435-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Albanian Cup\nThe rounds were played in a one-legged format. If the number of goals was equal, the match was decided by extra time and a penalty shootout, if necessary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068435-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Albanian Cup, Quarter-finals\nIn this round entered the 8 winners from the previous round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 33], "content_span": [34, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068435-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Albanian Cup, Semi-finals\nIn this round entered the four winners from the previous round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068436-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Albanian National Championship\nThe 1951 Albanian National Championship was the fourteenth season of the Albanian National Championship, the top professional league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 1930.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068436-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Albanian National Championship, Overview\nIt was contested by 14 teams, and Dinamo Tirana won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068436-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Albanian National Championship, League standings\nNote: From 1951 to 1957 the cities clubs were named Puna.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 53], "content_span": [54, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068437-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Alexander Cup\nThe 1951 Alexander Cup was the Canadian national major ('open' to both amateur and professional leagues) senior ice hockey championship for the 1950\u201351 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068437-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Alexander Cup, Final\nQSHL's Valleyfield Braves beat OHA's Toronto St Michaels Monarchs 9 points to 5.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 25], "content_span": [26, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068438-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Algerian Assembly election\nMember State of the African Union Member State of the Arab League", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068438-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Algerian Assembly election\nElections to the Algerian Assembly were held in Algeria in February 1951. Like other post-1948 elections in French Algeria, it was rigged by the authorities to ensure the defeat of Algerian nationalists.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068438-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Algerian Assembly election, Electoral system\nThe Assembly was elected by two colleges, each of which elected 60 seats; the First College consisted of Europeans and \u00e9volu\u00e9s, whilst the Second College was composed of the remainder of the Algerian population.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 49], "content_span": [50, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068439-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 All England Badminton Championships\nThe 1951 All England Championships was a badminton tournament held at the Empress Hall, Earls Court, London, England, from 7\u201311 March 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068440-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 All-American Girls Professional Baseball League season\nThe 1951 All-American Girls Professional Baseball League season marked the ninth season of the circuit. The teams Battle Creek Belles, Fort Wayne Daisies, Grand Rapids Chicks, Kalamazoo Lassies, Kenosha Comets, Peoria Redwings, Rockford Peaches and South Bend Blue Sox competed through a 112-game schedule, while the Shaugnessy playoffs featured the top four teams from each half of the regular season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068440-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 All-American Girls Professional Baseball League season\nIn 1951, many things changed in relation to the previous season, when attendance began to decline dramatically. The Racine Belles franchise was moved to Battle Creek, Michigan, while the Chicago Colleens and Springfield Sallies traveling teams were disbanded. Betty Foss of Fort Wayne led all hitters for the second year in a row with a .368 batting average, breaking her own single-season record of .346 set in her rookie season. Foss also topped the league with 34 doubles, setting an all-time single-season record that would never be surpassed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 607]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068440-0001-0001", "contents": "1951 All-American Girls Professional Baseball League season\nNine pitchers recorded an earned run average below 2.00, while Rose Gacioch of Rockford was the only one to gain 20 victories during the year. The Player of the Year Award was given to South Bend pitcher Jean Faut, who posted a 15\u20137 record with a 1.33 ERA and a league-leading 135 strikeouts, including a perfect game against Rockford on July 21 of that season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068440-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 All-American Girls Professional Baseball League season\nDuring the best-of-three series, first-place South Bend defeated third-place Fort Wayne, two games to one, while second-place Grand Rapids swept fourth-place Rockford in two games. South Bend pitching star Jean Faut drove in a run and held Fort Wayne to a run in Game 1, and later struck out nine batters and allowed one run in Game 3 to advance to the finals. In the other series, Rockford's Helen Nicol gave up six hits and shut out Grand Rapids in the first contest, while Marie Mansfield hurled a 7\u20136, 11-inning victory to defeat the Chicks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 605]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068440-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 All-American Girls Professional Baseball League season\nThe final series took all five games to decide the champion team. Rockford held a 2\u20130 advantage in the series and looked to take it all, but South Bend rebounded and won the last three games to clinch the title. In Game 3, Faut stopped the Peaches in their tracks, pitching a six-hit, 3\u20132 victory, and picked up the win in a seven-inning relief effort in Game 5 to continue her winning ways. South Bend batted a collective .275 average in the finals, with Jane Stoll leading the offense with a .333 average (6-for-18) and six RBI, while Senaida Wirth batted .412 (7-for-17) and scored four runs, and Betty Wagoner hit .389 (7-for-18) with five runs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 709]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068440-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 All-American Girls Professional Baseball League season\nIn 1951, the AAGPBL attendance declined for the third straight year. As revenues fell, individual teams' funds were limited to advertise nationally as a way of recruiting scattered baseball talent. With no centralized control of publicity, promotion, rookie training teams, and equalization of player talent, the League began to break down. The Kenosha and Peoria franchises withdrew at the end of the year, leaving the league with six teams for the next season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 522]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068441-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 All-Big Seven Conference football team\nThe 1951 All-Big Seven Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Big Seven Conference teams for the 1951 college football season. The selectors for the 1951 season included the Associated Press (AP) and the United Press (UP). The AP selected separate offensive and defensive teams in 1951; the UP selected a single 11-man team. Players selected as first-team honorees by both the AP and UP are displayed in bold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068442-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 All-Big Ten Conference football team\nThe 1951 All-Big Ten Conference football team consists of American football players selected to the All-Big Ten Conference teams selected by the Associated Press (AP), United Press (UP) and the International News Service (INS) for the 1951 Big Ten Conference football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068442-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 All-Big Ten Conference football team, Key\nBold = Consensus first-team selection of both the AP and UP", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 46], "content_span": [47, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068443-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship\nThe 1951 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship was the 20th staging of the All-Ireland Minor Football Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county Gaelic football tournament for boys under the age of 18.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068443-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship\nKerry entered the championship as defending champions, however, they were defeated by Armagh in the All-Ireland semi-final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068443-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship\nOn 23 September 1951, Roscommon won the championship following a 2-7 to 1-5 defeat of Armagh in the All-Ireland final. This was their third All-Ireland title overall and their first in seven championship seasons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068444-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship\nThe 1951 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship was the 21st staging of the All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1928.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068444-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship\nKilkenny entered the championship as the defending champions. However, they were beaten by Galway in the All-Ireland semi-final replay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068444-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship\nOn 2 September 1951 Cork won the championship following a 4\u20134 to 1\u20138 defeat of Galway in the All-Ireland final. This was their sixth All-Ireland title and their first in seven championship seasons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068445-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship\nThe 1951 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship was the high point of the 1951 season in Camogie. The championship was won by Dublin who defeated Antrim by a 17-point margin in the final. The final was played at Croke Park.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068445-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, Structure\nLondon entered the championship at the quarter-final stage and beat Galway 3-4 to 2-2, with strong performances from Nora Scully, Kathleen Waters, Noreen Collins and Bridie Ennis. They lost heavily in the semi-final at New Eltham with Deirdre O\u2019Gorman,Moya Forde and Peg Dooey leading Antrim\u2019s effort.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 55], "content_span": [56, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068445-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, Final\nSophie Brack scored 4-2 for Dublin in the final. Unaccustomed to the surroundings of Croke Park surroundings the Antrim team did not find their feet until near the end of the first half, by which time Dublin had run up a big score and led 5-3 to 0-1. Antrim did better after half time, their forwards played with more confidence and scored three goals in the opening minutes of the second half and four in all, two from Mary McKeever, and one each from Sarah O'Neill and Madge Rainey. The match was played on front of what was described as a \u201clarge attendance\u201d and according to the Irish Independent", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 651]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068445-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, Final\n\u201cThe colours were lavishly displayed by the supporters, the sky-blue of Dublin contrasting with the saffron and white of the Ulster supporters.\u201d", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068445-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, Final\n\u201cIn Eileen Duffy the winners had a goalkeeper whose anticipation and clearances must surely have disconcerted the most goal hungry forward line. At times she was inspired, one of her saves being superb.\u201d", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068445-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, Final\n\u201cThe game as a whole failed to reach the heights expected following last year\u2019s great tussle between the teams. Antrim in particular were disappointing, their defence being very lax, especially in the first half.\u201d", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068446-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship Final\nThe 1951 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship Final was the twentieth All-Ireland Final and the deciding match of the 1951 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, an inter-county camogie tournament for the top teams in Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068446-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship Final\nDublin rushed into a 4-3 to 0-1 lead within twelve minutes, and never looked worried. Sophie Brack was their top scorer with 4-2, while Eileen Burke scored two goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068447-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship\nThe 1951 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship was the 65th staging of Ireland's premier Gaelic football knock-out competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068447-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, The Curse of '51\nMayo have not won an All-Ireland football final since 1951. Legend has it that a priest became furious when the Mayo team bus returning home from the 1951 final passed by a funeral without showing respect as they celebrated their All-Ireland win. The priest supposedly put a curse on Mayo, that they would not win another title until all of the team had died.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 63], "content_span": [64, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068447-0001-0001", "contents": "1951 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, The Curse of '51\nSince the deaths of P\u00e1draig Carney in 2019 and Paddy Prendergast in 2021, only one member of the 1951 team remain living \u2013 Mick Loftus, though he was a sub and did not play on the day. Prendergast, who was the final surviving member of the team and played at full-back, died at the age of 95 on 26 September 2021.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 63], "content_span": [64, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068447-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, The Curse of '51\nThe curse is one that was disproven, for records show there was no funeral in Foxford on that day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 63], "content_span": [64, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068447-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, Championship statistics, Miscellaneous\n- Preliminary Round, Longford vs Carlow. - Quarter-Final, Wexford vs Westmeath. - Semi-Final, Meath vs Louth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 85], "content_span": [86, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068448-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final\nThe 1951 All-Ireland Senior  Football Championship Final was the 64th All-Ireland Final and the deciding match of the 1951 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, an inter-county Gaelic football tournament for the top teams in Ireland. Mayo and Meath met to decide the destination of the Sam Maguire Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068448-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final, Match\nMayo won their second title in a row with goals by Tom Langan and Joe Gilvarry.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 58], "content_span": [59, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068448-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final, Match\nThis was Mayo's second consecutive All-Ireland football title. They have not won an All-Ireland football title since. It is said that a legendary curse overshadows Mayo football since 1951 - see Sports-related curses.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 58], "content_span": [59, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068448-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final, 55 years later...\nMayo players Willie Casey, Paddy Jordan and former GAA President Dr. Mick Loftus belatedly received their All-Ireland senior football medals 55 years later. Though squad members, they had not appeared as substitutes in the final and had initially been denied their medals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 70], "content_span": [71, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068449-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1951 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship was the 65th staging of the All-Ireland hurling championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1887. The championship began on 6 May 1951 and ended on 2 September 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068449-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship\nTipperary were the defending champions, and retained their All-Ireland crown following a 7-7 to 3-9 defeat of Wexford.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068450-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final\nThe 1951 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final was the 64th All-Ireland Final and the culmination of the 1951 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, an inter-county hurling tournament for the top teams in Ireland. The match was held at Croke Park, Dublin, on 2 September 1951, between Wexford and Tipperary. The Leinster champions, Wexford, lost to their Munster opponents, Tipperary, on a score line of 7-7 to 3-9.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068451-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 All-Pacific Coast football team\nThe 1951 All-Pacific Coast football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Pacific Coast teams for the 1951 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068452-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 All-Pro Team\nThe 1951 All-Pro Team consisted of American football players chosen by various selectors for the All-Pro team of the National Football League (NFL) for the 1951 NFL season. Teams were selected by, among others, the Associated Press (AP) (chosen in a national poll of AP football writers), the United Press (UP) (selected by UP sports writers), and the New York Daily News.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068452-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 All-Pro Team\nThe All-Pro selections were dominated by players from the Cleveland Browns (nine first-team honorees including Otto Graham and Lou Groza), New York Giants (seven honorees including Emlen Tunnell), Los Angeles Rams (six first-team honorees including Elroy Hirsch), and Detroit Lions (four first-team honorees including Doak Walker).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068452-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 All-Pro Team\nThis was the first year that separate defensive and offensive teams were selected as up until this point most players had played both ways for much of the game (although this had decreased in the later 1940s), so a quarterback/tailback/ halfback on offense usually just became a defensive back similar to today's safety when playing defense while the fullback, usually a larger player, or a larger halfback (and before the T-formation, the quarterback, who was usually actually a blocking back on offence), would play a position similar to linebacker. Ends would also usually convert to defensive backs, similar to corner backs of today.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 655]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068453-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 All-SEC football team\nThe 1951 All-SEC football team consists of American football players selected to the All-Southeastern Conference (SEC) chosen by various selectors for the 1951 college football season. Georgia Tech and Tennessee shared the conference title. The Associated Press selection had two platoons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068453-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 All-SEC football team, Key\nBold = Consensus first-team selection by both AP and UP", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 31], "content_span": [32, 87]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068454-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 All-Southern Conference football team\nThe 1951 All-Southern Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by the Associated Press (AP) and United Press (UP) for the All-Southern Conference football team for the 1951 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068455-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 All-Southwest Conference football team\nThe 1951 All-Southwest Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Southwest Conference teams for the 1950 college football season. The selectors for the 1951 season included the Associated Press (AP) and the United Press (UP). Players selected as first-team players by both the AP and UP are designated in bold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068455-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 All-Southwest Conference football team, Key\nAP = Associated Press, \"selected for the Associated Press by the seven coaches\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 48], "content_span": [49, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068455-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 All-Southwest Conference football team, Key\nBold = Consensus first-team selection of both the AP and UP", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 48], "content_span": [49, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068456-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Allan Cup\nThe 1951 Allan Cup was the Canadian national senior ice hockey championship for the 1950-51 Senior \"A\" season. The event was hosted by the Owen Sound Mercurys and Owen Sound, Ontario. The 1951 playoff marked the 43rd time that the Allan Cup has been awarded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068457-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Amateur World Series\nThe 1951 Amateur World Series was the twelfth Amateur World Series (AWS), an international men's amateur baseball tournament. The tournament was sanctioned by the International Baseball Federation (which titled it the Baseball World Cup as of the 1988 tournament). The tournament took place, for the only time, in Mexico, from November 1 to 19.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068457-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Amateur World Series\nCuba fared well in the preliminary round, going 9-1 with a one-run loss to Puerto Rico. Venezuela also was 9-1, followed by Puerto Rico (7-3) and the Dominican Republic (7-3). Failing to advance to round two were Nicaragua (6-4), Costa Rica (5-5), Panama (5-5), Colombia (4-6), Mexico (2-8), Guatemala (1-9), and El Salvador (0-10).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068457-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Amateur World Series\nIn the final round, Puerto Rico went 3-0 to win the gold medal. Venezuela claimed the silver with a 2-1 mark, while Cuba was a disappointing 1-2; both losses were by 7-6 scores. The Dominican Republic was 0-3 in the medal round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068457-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Amateur World Series\nBert Bradford of Nicaragua led the tourney with a .481 average and 25 hits, while the Dominicans had the top home run threat, Walter James, with 3. Puerto Rico's Sotero Ortiz led in runs (21) and stolen bases (10) while teammate Ramon Maldonado hit 8 doubles, the most.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068458-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Antiguan general election\nGeneral elections were held in Antigua and Barbuda on 20 December 1951. The election was the first in Antigua and Barbuda to be held under universal suffrage. Vere Bird formed the  Antigua Labour Party in 1951 and led the party to victory, winning all 8 seats on the legislative council. Voter turnout was 70.3%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068459-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Argentine Primera Divisi\u00f3n\nThe 1951 Argentine Primera Divisi\u00f3n was the 60th season of top-flight football in Argentina. The season began on April 15 and ended on December 5.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068459-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Argentine Primera Divisi\u00f3n\nLan\u00fas returned to Primera while Quilmes and Gimnasia y Esgrima (LP) were relegated. Racing won its 12th league title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068459-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Argentine Primera Divisi\u00f3n, League standings, Championship Playoff\nAfter finishing 1st in the table, both teams, Banfield and Racing had to play a two-leg series to crown a champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 71], "content_span": [72, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068460-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Argentine general election\nThe Argentine general election of 1951, the first to have enfranchised women at the national level, was held on 11 November. Voters chose both the President of Argentina and their legislators.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068460-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Argentine general election, Background\nPresident Juan Per\u00f3n (1895-1974) had become President for the first time in June 1946 (see 1946 Argentine general election). His popularity was riding high following five years of social reforms and a vigorous public works program, faced intensifying opposition during 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068460-0001-0001", "contents": "1951 Argentine general election, Background\nHis decision to expropriate the conservative La Prensa (then the nation's second-most circulated daily), though lauded by the CGT labor union, damaged his standing elsewhere at home and his reputation in the World, as did the climate of political liberties: the opposition UCR's nominee, Congressman Ricardo Balb\u00edn, had spent much of the previous year as a political prisoner, to name one of many such examples.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068460-0001-0002", "contents": "1951 Argentine general election, Background\nEconomically, the year was an improvement over the 1949-50 recession and saw the completion of a number of landmark public works and the inaugural of Channel 13 (Public Television), the first regular broadcast station in Latin America; but growing inflation (50%, a record at the time) led to increasing strike activity.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068460-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Argentine general election, Background\nThe UCR and other parties in opposition, harassed and deprived of access to the media, boycotted a number of Congressional races and all Senate races, as well. The vice president, Hortensio Quijano, had requested leave from the campaign due to failing health and, on August 22, the CGT organized a rally on Buenos Aires' massive Ninth of July Avenue in support of the influential first lady Eva Per\u00f3n as her husband's running mate, though unbeknownst to the crowd, the popular Evita was, like Quijano, dying, and thus refused the acclamation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 586]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068460-0002-0001", "contents": "1951 Argentine general election, Background\nQuijano reluctantly stayed on; but his stepping aside did not prevent a September 28 coup attempt against Per\u00f3n on the part of ultraconservative elements in the Army. Ultimately, these ill-considered attacks, the Per\u00f3ns' popularity and their control of much of the media combined to give the Peronist Party a landslide in this, the first Argentine national election in which the vote was extended to women.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 450]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068460-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Argentine general election, Results, Provincial Governors\nPresidential appointment: 9 territorial governors, Mayor of the city of Buenos Aires", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 62], "content_span": [63, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068461-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Arizona State Sun Devils football team\nThe 1951 Arizona State Sun Devils football team was an American football team that represented Arizona State College (later renamed Arizona State University) in the Border Conference during the 1951 college football season. In their first season under head coach Larry Siemering, the Sun Devils compiled a 6\u20133\u20131 record (4\u20131 against Border opponents) and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 308 to 176.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 458]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068462-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Arizona State\u2013Flagstaff Lumberjacks football team\nThe 1951 Arizona State\u2013Flagstaff Lumberjacks football team was an American football team that represented Arizona State College at Flagstaff (now known as Northern Arizona University) in the Border Conference during the 1951 college football season. In its first year under head coach John Pederson, the team compiled a 1\u20137 record (0\u20131 against conference opponents), was outscored by a total of 211 to 76, and finished last of eight teams in the Border Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068462-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Arizona State\u2013Flagstaff Lumberjacks football team\nThe team played its home games at Skidmore Field in Flagstaff, Arizona.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068463-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Arizona Wildcats football team\nThe 1951 Arizona Wildcats football team represented the University of Arizona in the Border Conference during the 1951 college football season. In their third and final season under head coach Bob Winslow, the Wildcats compiled a 6\u20135 record (3\u20133 against Border opponents) and were outscored by their opponents, 270 to 246. The team captains were Jim Donarski and Bill Glazier. The team played its home games in Arizona Stadium in Tucson, Arizona.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068464-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Arkansas Razorbacks football team\nThe 1951 Arkansas Razorbacks football team represented the University of Arkansas in the Southwest Conference (SWC) during the 1951 college football season. In their second year under head coach Otis Douglas, the Razorbacks compiled a 5\u20135 record (1\u20135 against SWC opponents), finished in sixth place in the SWC, and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 178 to 162. Dave Hanner and Pat Summerall were the team's co-captains.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 473]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068465-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Army Cadets football team\nThe 1951 Army Cadets football team represented the United States Military Academy in the 1951 college football season. Led by head coach Earl Blaik, the team finished with a record of 2\u20137. The Cadets offense scored 116 points, while the defense allowed 183 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068465-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Army Cadets football team, Offseason\nIn the offseason, Blaik was still agitated by the loss Army suffered to Navy in 1950. In addition, he was upset over the dismissal of General Douglas MacArthur. Sam Galiffa, who was part of the 1949 team, was now a decorated aide to General Matthew Ridgway. Galiffa arranged for members of the Army coaching staff to come to Japan and visit the troops. Vince Lombardi and Doug Kenna first visited Tokyo and conducted several football clinics for the troops stationed there. Although defensive coordinator Murray Warmath helped the discharged players relocate to other schools, it was his last year at Army. He left at the end of the season to become the head coach for Mississippi State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 729]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068465-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Army Cadets football team, Honor code violation\nA massive honor code academic violation was revealed in the spring of 1951. There were accusations that football players were distributing unauthorized academic information. This was reported to Colonel Paul Harkins on April 2. It was later revealed that Red Blaik's son, Bob, was part of the honor code violation. On August 3, the violations were announced and several athletes were implicated in the scandal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 52], "content_span": [53, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068465-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Army Cadets football team, Honor code violation\nJoseph P. Kennedy Sr. spoke to assistant coach Doug Kenna and he helped pay the way for several discharged players to attend the University of Notre Dame. Bob Blaik left Army for Colorado College. Of the players that were discharged, three went on to careers in the National Football League: Al Pollard, Gene Filipski and Ray Malavasi. Malavasi also become head coach of the Los Angeles Rams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 52], "content_span": [53, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068465-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Army Cadets football team, Honor code violation\nThe event was dramatized in the 2005 ESPN film Code Breakers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 52], "content_span": [53, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068465-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Army Cadets football team, Regular season\nThe makeshift team that was assembled had no involvement in the honor violation, but they were still a reminder of it. After losing several games to Ivy League schools, Army defeated Columbia for its first win. The team received a congratulatory note from General Douglas MacArthur.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068465-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 Army Cadets football team, Regular season\nIn sixth week of the season, the Cadets played Frank Gifford and his USC Trojans squad at Yankee Stadium. Before the Army\u2013Navy Game, the Cadets had a record of 2\u20136. This was Blaik's only losing season at Army. In the Army\u2013Navy game, Navy scored two touchdowns before Army even ran an offensive series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068466-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Asian Games\nThe 1951 Asian Games (Hindi: 1951 \u090f\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0908 \u0916\u0947\u0932) (Marathi\u00a0: \u0967\u096f\u096b\u0967 \u0906\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0908 \u0916\u0947\u0933), officially known as the First Asian Games, was a multi-sport event celebrated in New Delhi, India from 4 to 11 March 1951. The Games received names like First Asiad and 1951 Asiad. A total of 489 athletes representing 11 Asian National Olympic Committees (NOCs) participated in 57 events from eight sports and discipline. The Games was the successor of the Far Eastern Games and the revival of the Western Asiatic Games. The 1951 Asiad were originally scheduled to be held in 1950, but postponed until 1951 due to delays in preparations. On 13 February 1949, the Asian Games Federation was formally established in Delhi, with Delhi unanimously announced as the first host city of the Asian Games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 788]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068466-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Asian Games\nThe games were managed by a strong Organizing Committee (see Organization below).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068466-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Asian Games\nCountries invited included almost all the independent Asian countries of the time except Soviet Union and Vietnam, due to the political structure of those nations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068466-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Asian Games\nNational Stadium was the venue for all events. The official logo of the First Asiad depicted a bright sun in red with 16 rays and a white circle in the middle of the disc of the sun and eleven rings, representing each participating nation, on a white background, symbolising peace.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068466-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Asian Games\nJapanese athletes won the most golds and overall medals, with 24 and 60 respectively; while the host nation India had 15 golds and 51 overall medals with most bronzes (20) and finished at second spot in a medal table. The next Asian Games organised by India were the 1982 Asian Games, some 31 years later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068466-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Asian Games, History\nThe 1951 Asian Games are considered to be a successor of a small-scale multi-sport event known as the Far Eastern Games, held in between a period of 1913 to 1938 in the different cities of Japan, Philippines, and mainland China. The First Far Eastern Games took place in Manila, Philippines in 1913, after the efforts made by the Philippine Amateur Athletic Federation (PAAF).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 25], "content_span": [26, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068466-0005-0001", "contents": "1951 Asian Games, History\nThe Games were successfully organized for the next nine terms, but in September 1937, Japan invaded China after the Marco Polo Bridge Incident and started the Second Sino-Japanese War (which later became part of the World War II), thus the originally planned Games of 1938 in Osaka was cancelled and the Far Eastern Games were discontinued thereafter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 25], "content_span": [26, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068466-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 Asian Games, History\nDuring the starting years of the 1930s, efforts were made to organize a multi-sport event to include the countries of West Asia too, this gave a birth to \"Orient Championship Games\", which later renamed as Western Asiatic Games before its first inception. The scope of the Games comprised all the countries east of Suez and west of Singapore. The First Western Asiatic Games was celebrated in Delhi in 1934 at the Irwin Amphitheater, in which four countries\u2014Afghanistan, British India, Palestine Mandate and Ceylon\u2014participated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 25], "content_span": [26, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068466-0006-0001", "contents": "1951 Asian Games, History\nThe decision was made to hold these Games once in four years at midpoint between the two successive Summer Olympics. The 1938 Western Asiatic Games were scheduled to be held in Tel Aviv, Palestine Mandate. However, the Games was cancelled due to the outbreak of World War II, and abandoned until 1951 Games, which also considered as the revival of Western Asiatic Games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 25], "content_span": [26, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068466-0007-0000", "contents": "1951 Asian Games, Host city selection\nOn 12 and 13 February 1949, a meeting was organized at the Patiala House, in Delhi, in between the representatives of nine Asian National Olympic Committees. The framework of the meeting was set up in another meeting held on 8 August 1948 during the Second London Olympics, which was called by the Indian Olympic Committee's representative Guru Dutt Sondhi. The meeting was chaired by Yadavindra Singh, president of the Indian Olympic Association. On the last day, Asian Games Federation (AGF) was formalized and a draft constitution was accepted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 37], "content_span": [38, 585]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068466-0007-0001", "contents": "1951 Asian Games, Host city selection\nHRH Yadavindra Singh and Guru Dutt Sondhi were respectively elected as the first president and the secretary of the federation. The five charter members forming the federation were Afghanistan, Burma, India, Pakistan, and the Philippines. The decision was made to organize the Asian Games Championships in four-year intervals since the inception of the Games in Delhi in February, 1950. HRH Yadavindra Singh, who also became the president of the organization committee of Games sent the formal invitation to several other Asian countries to participate in the 1950 Asian Games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 37], "content_span": [38, 615]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068466-0008-0000", "contents": "1951 Asian Games, Organization\nThe responsibility of organizing the First Asian Games was assigned to a special committee that included Anthony de Mello; the Maharaja of Patiala/ president of the Indian Olympic Association Yadavindra Singh; Indian Olympic Association Secretary Guru Dutt Sondhi; and officials playing a key role such as S. Bhoot, Nariman Saugar who did much work with the stadium, and others.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 30], "content_span": [31, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068466-0009-0000", "contents": "1951 Asian Games, Organization\nPresident: Yadavindra Singh, Maharaja of Patiala; Director: Anthony de Mello; Hon. Treasurer: S.P. Chopra; Members: General K. M. Cariappa, Sir Girja Shankar Bajpai / ICS, Nawab of Pataudi, Maharajakumar of Visianagaram, S. V. Mavlankar, Pt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 30], "content_span": [31, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068466-0009-0001", "contents": "1951 Asian Games, Organization\nHirday Nath Kunzru, K. R. K. Menon / ICS, Shankar Prasad / ICS, P. C. Choudhuri / ICS, Krishna Prasada / ICS, Dr. Tara Chand, Prof A. N. Jha, Sir Usha Nath Sen, Sir Biren Mukerjee, Sir Shankar Lal, Naval H. Tata, Sir Sobha Singh, Maj.Gen. V. R. Khanolkar, G.D.Sondhi, S.M. Moin-ul Haq, Raja Bhalindra Singh, Maharajadhiraj Sir Uday Chand Mahtab, C.C. Abraham, S.H. Bhoot, P. Gupta.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 30], "content_span": [31, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068466-0010-0000", "contents": "1951 Asian Games, Organization\nChairman: G. D. Sondhi; Members: P. C. Choudhuri, Krishna Prasada, Moin-ul Haq, S.S. Mathur, Rameshwar Dayal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 30], "content_span": [31, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068466-0011-0000", "contents": "1951 Asian Games, Organization\nFinance: K.R.K. Menon; Technical: G.D. Sondhi; Housing and Transport: Maj. Gen. V.R.Khanolkar; Medical: Maj. M. S. Chadha; Arts: B. Ukil; Reception: Shankar Lal; Publicity: Deva Das Gandhi", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 30], "content_span": [31, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068466-0012-0000", "contents": "1951 Asian Games, Organization\nThe principal Executive members were:Director of Organisation Anthony de Mello; Secretary to the Director S.S. Dhawan; Public Relations Officer M. L. Kapur; Publicity Officer D. I. Sequeira; Assistant Secretary Nariman S. Saugar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 30], "content_span": [31, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068466-0013-0000", "contents": "1951 Asian Games, Organization\nAn athletes' camp was settled in Delhi, modelled after the Richmond Park Camp of London, which accommodated athletes of the 1948 Summer Olympics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 30], "content_span": [31, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068466-0014-0000", "contents": "1951 Asian Games, Venues\nThe venue for the 1951 Asian Games was the Irwin Amphitheater, a multi-purpose sport complex, the same venue which had hosted the 1934 Western Asiatic Games. Before the opening ceremony of the Games, the stadium was re-christened as the \"National Stadium\" and renovated for the facilities of different events of the Games. Every event with the exception of swimming and water polo was hosted under the premises of the main stadium only, the events of swimming and water polo were organised at the adjacent swimming pool within the premises of the complex.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 24], "content_span": [25, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068466-0015-0000", "contents": "1951 Asian Games, Venues\nThe stadium was designed by Anthony S. DeMello and five-hundred thousand (500,000) rupees were required for the full construction, which was completed on 13 February 1933. The stadium was named after the Lord Irwin, 30th viceroy of India and the then Secretary of State for War.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 24], "content_span": [25, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068466-0016-0000", "contents": "1951 Asian Games, Events\nThe Games featured six sports: Athletics, aquatics\u2014broken into Diving, swimming, and water polo disciplines\u2014basketball, cycling\u2014road cycling and track cycling\u2014football, and weightlifting. The sports were broken down into 57 events. Many member countries of Asian Games Federation requested for the inclusion of boxing as a medal sport, but due to various reasons, boxing did not make the final list for the Games. Except athletics, women did not participate in any other event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 24], "content_span": [25, 502]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068466-0017-0000", "contents": "1951 Asian Games, Events\nIn the Games, \"Mr. Asia of 1951\" was also contested as the non-medal event. The contingents were judged on the basis of their physical development, looks, and personality. Parimal Roy of India won the event ahead of Mahmoud Namjoo of Iran, who won gold medal in the bantamweight category of weightlifting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 24], "content_span": [25, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068466-0018-0000", "contents": "1951 Asian Games, Events, Aquatics, Diving\nIn diving, two medal events\u20143\u00a0m springboard and 10\u00a0m platform\u2014were included. India and Iran were the only nations that achieved medals. Indian diver, K. P. Thakkar won both the golds and overall India won 4 medals. Iran bagged only one silver and one bronze.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 42], "content_span": [43, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068466-0019-0000", "contents": "1951 Asian Games, Events, Aquatics, Swimming\nIn swimming, five nations sent their swimmers to participate in 8 events, 5 of freestyle (100\u00a0m, 400\u00a0m, 800\u00a0m, 1500\u00a0m, and 4\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0100\u00a0m relay) and one of each backstroke (100\u00a0m), breaststroke (200\u00a0m) and medley (3\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0100\u00a0m). After these Games, 800\u00a0m freestyle and 3\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0100\u00a0m medley relay were removed from the swimming calendar of Asian Games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 44], "content_span": [45, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068466-0019-0001", "contents": "1951 Asian Games, Events, Aquatics, Swimming\nSingapore bagged half of gold medals and 2 silvers, while Philippines earned half of total medals including 3 golds, India finished with 6 total medals including one gold of Sachin Nag in 100\u00a0m freestyle, which was the first gold of India in Asian Games; two nations left without any medal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 44], "content_span": [45, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068466-0020-0000", "contents": "1951 Asian Games, Events, Aquatics, Water polo\nIn water polo, only two teams\u2014India and Singapore\u2014participated. The only match of the tournament decided the winner, in which the Indian team defeated Singapore with a goal difference of 6 to 4.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 46], "content_span": [47, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068466-0021-0000", "contents": "1951 Asian Games, Events, Athletics\nAthletics was the only sport in which all the eleven participating nations sent their athletes. The Games featured 24 medal events for men and 9 for women. Japanese women won all the 9 golds of their events and just lost four silvers to India and Singapore, two for each. In men's events, again Japan achieved highest number of golds with count of 11, but here Indian athletes finished just one medal behind to Japan with 10 golds. Toyoko Yoshino, a Japanese woman athlete, won all the golds in three throwing sports\u2014 shot put, discus throw, and javelin throw. Lavy Pinto of India was the only man who achieved multiple gold medals, he finished at the top podium in men's 100\u00a0m and 200\u00a0m sprint running events.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 35], "content_span": [36, 746]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068466-0022-0000", "contents": "1951 Asian Games, Events, Basketball\nIn basketball, five Asian teams\u2014Burma, India, Iran, Japan, and Philippines\u2014participated. In the matches, the round-robin format was employed and on the basis of final points table top three podium places were decided. Philippines team without losing a single match topped the points table and grabbed a gold medal, Japan team finished behind it and won a silver medal, Iranian team with two wins finished third and won a bronze. Host nation India, finished fourth with only single win over Burma, which came last without winning a single match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 36], "content_span": [37, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068466-0023-0000", "contents": "1951 Asian Games, Events, Cycling\nIn cycling, four nations\u2014Burma, India, Iran, and Japan\u2014sent their cyclists. Two disciplines\u2014road race and track race\u2014were contested. Track cycling included\u20141000\u00a0m sprint, 1000\u00a0m time trial, and 4000\u00a0team-pursuit; for road cycling, 180\u00a0km individual road race was contested. The event was widely perceived as being dominated by Japan, who claimed 8 medals in total, including all the four golds out of 11 total overall medals and 4 golds. Indian cyclists won all the rest 3 medals as Burma and Iran failed to achieve a single one.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 33], "content_span": [34, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068466-0024-0000", "contents": "1951 Asian Games, Events, Football\nIn football, six Asian teams\u2014Afghanistan, Burma, India, Indonesia, Iran, and Japan\u2014participated. The gold medal was won by the Indian team, who defeated Iran 1\u20130 in the final. Japan defeated Afghanistan, 2\u20130 to win the bronze medal. In semifinals, two matches were played in between Iran and Japan to decide one of the finalists, as first match played on 7 March remained goalless, even match went for overtime; on a next day a replay semifinal match was played in between both the teams in which Iran defeated Japan with a goal difference of 3 to 2.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 34], "content_span": [35, 585]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068466-0025-0000", "contents": "1951 Asian Games, Events, Weightlifting\nIn weightlifting, seven countries participated in seven events\u2014bantamweight (56\u00a0kg), featherweight (60\u00a0kg), lightweight (67.5\u00a0kg), middleweight (75\u00a0kg), light heavyweight (82.5\u00a0kg), middle heavyweight (90\u00a0kg), and heavyweight (+90\u00a0kg). Iranian weightlifters dominated in all events and claimed 10 medals in total including all the golds, Singapore won two silvers, while both India and Philippines won one silver and one bronze.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 39], "content_span": [40, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068466-0026-0000", "contents": "1951 Asian Games, Calendar\nIn the following calendar for the 1951 Asian Games, each blue box represents an event competition, such as a qualification round, on that day. The yellow boxes represent days during which medal-awarding finals for a sport were held. The numeral indicates the number of event finals for each sport held that day. On the left, the calendar lists each sport with events held during the Games, and at the right, how many gold medals were won in that sport. There is a key at the top of the calendar to aid the reader.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 26], "content_span": [27, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068466-0027-0000", "contents": "1951 Asian Games, Opening ceremony\nOn 4 March 1951, the First Asian Games were officially opened. The list of the guests included\u2014 India's first President Rajendra Prasad, first Prime Minister of India Jawaharlal Nehru, cabinet members of Indian Government, diplomatic corps and representatives of participating Asian NOCs. The National Stadium was filled with an estimated 40,000 spectators. A 31-gun salute was fired from the ramparts of the Purana Quila, adjacent to the National Stadium, in the honour of guests and participants of first Asian Games. After a speech by the president of Asian Games Federation, HRH Yadavendra Singh, President Rajendra Prashad officially opened the Games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 34], "content_span": [35, 691]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068466-0028-0000", "contents": "1951 Asian Games, Opening ceremony\nThe first Asian Games will promote the realisation of understanding and friendship among all nations and will start a process which, as time passes, will go on cementing the friendly ties between the peoples of Asia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 34], "content_span": [35, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068466-0029-0000", "contents": "1951 Asian Games, Opening ceremony\nPrime Minister Nehru presented his speech from which organisers of the Games adopted the official motto of the Games\u2014 \"Play the game, in the spirit of the game\". Fifteen of the Indian army's trumpeters with flags of eleven participating countries on their mastheads gave their performance. In an alphabetical order of English, athletes of the participating countries of the 1951 Asiad entered in the stadium with a march past, by following the custom of Olympics; India entered last as the host nation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 34], "content_span": [35, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068466-0029-0001", "contents": "1951 Asian Games, Opening ceremony\nThe Lighting of the Cauldron was done by the 1924 Olympian of India, Dalip Singh with the help of Asian Games torch, which had been lit by the sun's rays in the Red Fort. Afterwards, Baldev Singh, a member of the Indian athletics squad, recited the athlete's oath on behalf of all competitors at the Games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 34], "content_span": [35, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068466-0030-0000", "contents": "1951 Asian Games, Participating nations\nThe 1951 Asiad featured athletes representing 11 National Olympic Committees. The Organising Committee of the Games sent the formal invitations to almost all the Asian countries. China was invited, but did not respond before the closing dates for entries. Pakistan declined to participate because of the Kashmir conflict with India. South Korea attended the meeting of Olympic representatives of Asian countries, held on 8 August 1948, during the London Olympics and agreed to send athletes for Games to participate but did not send any because of the Korean War.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 39], "content_span": [40, 603]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068466-0030-0001", "contents": "1951 Asian Games, Participating nations\nThe Soviet Union and Vietnam were not invited because of their political systems. Japan was neither invited to the 1948 Summer Olympics nor to attend the founding meeting of Asian Games Federation held in February 1949 in Delhi, but allowed to participate in these Games. Japan sent a 72-member strong team, the second largest after the host, and participated in all except aquatics events. Burma and India sent their contingents in all the events. Iran participated in all events, but did not send any female athletes. Below is a list of all the participating NOCs; the number of competitors per delegation is indicated in brackets:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 39], "content_span": [40, 673]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068466-0031-0000", "contents": "1951 Asian Games, Medal table\nAthletes from eight participating NOCs won at least one medal, five of them winning at least one gold medal. Athletes from Japan earned the highest number of gold medals (24) and the most overall medals (60). Host nation India finished second with 15 golds and 51 overall medals as well as the most bronzes (20). Through 2010, it would be the best rank achieved by India in medal table in all succeeding Asian Games. Iran finished third with 8 golds and 16 overall medals. Three NOCs, Afghanistan, Nepal, and Thailand failed to earn any medals. Singaporean swimmer Neo Chwee Kok earned the honour of winning the first gold medal in the history of the Asian Games. He won a total of four golds, all in the free style events (400m, 800m, 1500m, and 4 \u00d7 100m relay); becoming the most medalled athlete in this Games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 29], "content_span": [30, 843]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068466-0032-0000", "contents": "1951 Asian Games, Medal table\nThe ranking in this table is consistent with International Olympic Committee convention in its published medal tables. By default, the table is ordered by the number of gold medals the athletes from a nation have won (in this context, a nation is an entity represented by a National Olympic Committee). The number of silver medals is taken into consideration next, and then the number of bronze medals. If nations are still tied, equal ranking is given; they are listed alphabetically by IOC country code.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 29], "content_span": [30, 535]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068466-0033-0000", "contents": "1951 Asian Games, Medal table\nA total of 169 medals (57 gold, 57 silver and 55 bronze) were awarded. The total number of bronze medals is less than the total number of gold or silver medals because bronze medals were not awarded in water polo and the team pursuit event of track cycling.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 29], "content_span": [30, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068467-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Atlantic C-124 disappearance\nThe 1951 Atlantic C-124 disappearance involved a Douglas C-124 Globemaster II of the 2nd Strategic Support Squadron, Strategic Air Command, which ditched on the late afternoon of 23 March 1951, after an explosion in the cargo and ensuing fire forced the pilots to ditch the aircraft at 50 degrees 22 minutes North, 22 degrees 20 minutes West, in the Atlantic Ocean several hundred nautical miles West Southwest of Ireland, as recorded in the logbook of the US Coast Guard Cutter Casco. The ditching and subsequent evacuation were successful, but when Casco arrived at the ditching position, the aircraft and its occupants had vanished.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 669]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068467-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Atlantic C-124 disappearance, Flight\nThe transport was on a military flight from Walker Air Force Base in Roswell, New Mexico, to RAF Mildenhall in Suffolk, England, with a stopover at Limestone Air Force Base in Limestone, Maine. It was commanded by Major Robert S. Bell, of the Second Strategic Support Squadron (similar to the 1950 Douglas C-54D disappearance in that respect). At 1300 hours, 23 March 1951, the aircraft radioed \"Mayday\" to weather ship USCGC Casco, reporting a fire in the cargo crates and giving their position as 51 degrees 30 Minutes North, 27 degrees 05 minutes West, according to the logbook of Casco.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 41], "content_span": [42, 632]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068467-0001-0001", "contents": "1951 Atlantic C-124 disappearance, Flight\nUnable to extinguish the fire, Major Bell made the decision to ditch while there was still daylight. The exact ditching position of 50 degrees 22 minutes North 22 degrees 20 minutes West was radioed to Casco. The aircraft landed safely and intact. All hands then donned life preservers and climbed into inflatable 5-man rafts equipped with numerous survival supplies, including food, water, signal flares, cold-weather gear, and \"Gibson Girl\" hand crank emergency radios.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 41], "content_span": [42, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068467-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Atlantic C-124 disappearance, Flight\nA Boeing B-50 Superfortress, from the 509th Bomb Wing Detachment, was en route from RAF Lakenheath with the intention of joining up with the stricken aircraft and escorting it to the nearest landing site. When the B-50 arrived at the ditching position the crew spotted the survivors in rafts and flares. The location was reported and the B-50 reached its minimum fuel required for safe landing and had to return to base. When Casco arrived at the ditching point on 24 March, the men had disappeared.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 41], "content_span": [42, 541]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068467-0002-0001", "contents": "1951 Atlantic C-124 disappearance, Flight\nCasco was later joined by British planes, weather ships, submarine, several warships, including the USS Coral Sea, which arrived at the crash site over 19 hours later, on Sunday, 25 March. The aircraft, along with its passengers and crew, were gone. All that was found was some charred plywood and a briefcase. The survivors' bodies were never found. Overall, the fate of the crashed C-124 and its 53 occupants remains undetermined.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 41], "content_span": [42, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068467-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Atlantic C-124 disappearance, Investigation\nA copy of the Air Force official report into the crash was provided to the Shreveport Times in 2011 via a Freedom of Information Act request. According to the accident report, \"The aircraft was evidently, more or less, intact when it hit. This is indicated by the small number of pieces recovered, as well as the fact that two inflated aircraft tires carried as part of the cargo were never found. Also, the debris found was burned by fuel fire from fuel in the wing fuel cells, which indicates that the wing fuel cells were still attached to the fuselage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 48], "content_span": [49, 605]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068467-0003-0001", "contents": "1951 Atlantic C-124 disappearance, Investigation\nThere is no conclusive proof that anything unusual happened before the aircraft struck the water, not that it struck the water out of control. There is evidence that a fire occurred on top of the water after the aircraft hit.\" Included in the report are over a dozen pages of debris analysis by the airplane's manufacturer, Douglas Aircraft Company.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 48], "content_span": [49, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068467-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Atlantic C-124 disappearance, Possible Soviet involvement\nThe passengers included Brig. Gen. Paul Thomas Cullen, vice commander of 2nd Air Force and commander of 7th Air Division, and other senior officers. Soviet vessels were active in the area. This fact, combined with the possibility of sabotage, the strategic value of the passengers, the potential distressed note recovered, and the knowledge that the evacuation from the airplane into safety rafts was a success has led some to speculate on potential Soviet involvement.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 62], "content_span": [63, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068467-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Atlantic C-124 disappearance, Burials\nIn 2012, more than 50 years after the disappearance of all personnel on board the plane, two men from the crash were granted graves at the Arlington National Cemetery.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068468-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Atlantic hurricane season\nThe 1951 Atlantic hurricane season was the first hurricane season in which tropical cyclones were officially named by the United States Weather Bureau. The season officially started on June\u00a015, when the United States Weather Bureau began its daily monitoring for tropical cyclone activity; the season officially ended on November\u00a015. It was the first year since 1937 in which no hurricanes made landfall on the United States; as Hurricane How was the only tropical storm to hit the nation, the season had the least tropical cyclone damage in the United States since the 1939 season. As in the 1950 season, names from the Joint Army/Navy Phonetic Alphabet were used to name storms this season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 723]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068468-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Atlantic hurricane season\nThe first hurricane of the season, Able, formed prior to the official start of the season; before reanalysis in 2015, it was once listed as the earliest major hurricane on record in the Atlantic basin. It formed on May\u00a016 and executed a counterclockwise loop over the Bahamas; later it brushed the North Carolina coastline. Hurricane Charlie was a powerful Category\u00a04 hurricane that struck Jamaica as a major hurricane, killing hundreds and becoming the worst disaster in over 50\u00a0years. The hurricane later struck Mexico twice as a major hurricane, producing deadly flooding outside of Tampico, Tamaulipas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 637]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068468-0001-0001", "contents": "1951 Atlantic hurricane season\nThe strongest hurricane, Easy, spent its duration over the open Atlantic Ocean, briefly threatening Bermuda, and was formerly listed as one of a relatively few Category\u00a05 hurricanes on record over the Atlantic Ocean. It briefly neared Category\u00a05 status and interacted with Hurricane Fox, marking the first known instance of a hurricane affecting another's path.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068468-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm One\nAs the calendar entered the new year, cyclogenesis occurred with an extratropical frontal wave over the western North Atlantic Ocean due to a closed low forming in a mid-level trough, which eventually produced a low-pressure center at the surface by January\u00a02. Ships recorded moderate gales up to 60 miles per hour (97\u00a0km/h) in connection with the new surface low, which formed several hundred miles east-southeast of Bermuda. While initially lacking tropical attributes, the cyclone headed southeast for two\u00a0days before curving southwestward.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 603]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068468-0002-0001", "contents": "1951 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm One\nAs it did so, the temperature of the system warmed in its lower levels, causing the cyclone to evolve into a more barotropic system. Late on January\u00a04, the system shrank in size and began developing an inner core; reanalysis determined that the system became a tropical storm at this time, though it would have likely been considered subtropical beginning in the early 1970s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068468-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Able\nThe origins of the first hurricane of the season were from a trough that exited the East Coast of the United States on May\u00a012. A low-pressure area developed on May\u00a014, and two\u00a0days later it developed into a tropical cyclone about 300\u00a0miles (480\u00a0km) south of Bermuda. It formed beneath an upper-level low, and initially was not fully tropical. The depression followed the low, initially toward the northwest and later the southwest. Moving over the Gulf Stream, the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Able on May\u00a016. The storm turned to the south, and Hurricane Hunters reported that Able strengthened to hurricane status on May\u00a017 off the coast of Florida.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 720]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068468-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Able\nThe outer rainbands of Able produced light rainfall and high seas along the Florida coastline. It later moved through the northern Bahamas early on May\u00a018, where it produced hurricane-force winds of 85\u00a0mph (137\u00a0km/h). The hurricane later turned to the north, gradually strengthening through May\u00a021. Shortly thereafter, Able passed about 70\u00a0miles (110\u00a0km) east of Cape Hatteras before turning east and reaching its peak of 90\u00a0mph (150\u00a0km/h) early on May\u00a022. Along the coast, the hurricane produced high tides but little damage. Able maintained hurricane intensity for two more days before weakening to a tropical storm early on May\u00a024. Able rapidly dissipated that same day, though originally it was assessed as having evolved into an extratropical cyclone on May\u00a023.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 822]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068468-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Able\nUntil 2015, Able was listed as having peak winds of 115\u00a0mph (185\u00a0km/h) and was analyzed to have been the earliest major hurricane on record. Such a storm would be a Category\u00a03 or greater on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale, a system developed and introduced in the 1970s. Able was also the strongest hurricane outside of the current hurricane season (June\u00a01 through November\u00a030).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068468-0005-0001", "contents": "1951 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Able\nHowever, reanalysis by scientists in 2015 determined that Able was in fact far weaker than originally listed in HURDAT, the official database containing information on storm tracks and intensities in the Atlantic and Eastern North Pacific regions. It also lost its distinction as the strongest preseason cyclone on record, the record being held by a Category 2 hurricane in March 1908. The hurricane was one of four\u00a0North Atlantic hurricanes on record to exist during the month of May, the others occurring in 1889, 1908, and 1970.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068468-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Baker\nOn August\u00a02, an easterly wave spawned a tropical depression about 680\u00a0miles (1095\u00a0km) northeast of Barbuda in the Lesser Antilles. It moved northwestward, quickly strengthening into Tropical Storm Baker. Early on August\u00a03, the storm attained peak winds of 60\u00a0mph (95\u00a0km/h), and the next day passed about 275\u00a0mi (445\u00a0km) east of Bermuda. At its peak intensity, the gale-force winds extended 100\u00a0miles (160\u00a0km) to the north of the center. After attaining its peak, Baker quickly weakened on August\u00a04 and turned to the northeast. Early the next day, it regained some of its former strength before losing its identity. Baker never affected land.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 61], "content_span": [62, 703]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068468-0007-0000", "contents": "1951 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Charlie\nThe third tropical cyclone of the season developed on August\u00a012 from a tropical wave, 930\u00a0miles (1,495\u00a0km) east-southeast of Barbados. After a few days without further development, the system intensified into Tropical Storm Charlie on August\u00a014, and subsequently crossed through the Lesser Antilles a day later with winds of 70\u00a0mph (113\u00a0km/h). Shortly after entering the Caribbean Sea, the storm intensified to hurricane status early on August\u00a016. Passing south of Puerto Rico and Hispaniola, Charlie then underwent rapid deepening beginning late that day, its winds increasing 35\u00a0mph (56\u00a0km/h) in 24\u00a0hours.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 58], "content_span": [59, 666]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068468-0007-0001", "contents": "1951 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Charlie\nAs it neared the island of Jamaica early on August\u00a018, Charlie became a major hurricane and shortly afterward struck just south of Kingston with winds of 125\u00a0mph (201\u00a0km/h)\u2014equivalent to a strong Category\u00a03 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale, making Charlie, along with Hurricane Gilbert in 1988, the strongest ever to hit the island. On the island, the hurricane dropped heavy rainfall up to 17\u00a0in (430\u00a0mm). The combination of strong winds and the rains left around $50\u00a0million (1951\u00a0USD, $380\u00a0million 2005\u00a0USD) in crop and property damage. Across the country there were 152\u00a0deaths, 2,000\u00a0injuries, and 25,000\u00a0people left homeless; as a result, it was considered the worst disaster in the country in the 20th century until Hurricane Gilbert produced even costlier damage, though with fewer reported fatalities.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 58], "content_span": [59, 888]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068468-0008-0000", "contents": "1951 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Charlie\nAfter making landfall, Charlie weakened in its passage over the mountainous center of Jamaica, and by the time it left the island, its winds had diminished to 85\u00a0mph (137\u00a0km/h). Charlie later passed south of the Cayman Islands, with Grand Cayman reporting peak wind gusts of 92\u00a0mph (148\u00a0km/h). As it did so, the storm began to undergo yet another period of rapid intensification beginning on August\u00a019. It regained major hurricane status late that day, and early on August\u00a020 Charlie peaked at 130\u00a0mph (215\u00a0km/h), equivalent to low-end Category\u00a04 status.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 58], "content_span": [59, 613]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068468-0008-0001", "contents": "1951 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Charlie\nMaintaining its strength, the hurricane then made landfall on the southern tip of Cozumel and hit the Mexican mainland near Akumal on the Yucat\u00e1n Peninsula. The strong winds destroyed 70% of the crops along its path, although no deaths were reported in the Yucat\u00e1n Peninsula. Several homes were wrecked in the region. As it moved inland, Charlie weakened rapidly over land, reaching the Bay of Campeche as a minimal hurricane early on August\u00a021. Once over water, it failed to re-intensify for a full day, but began doing so early on August\u00a022.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 58], "content_span": [59, 602]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068468-0008-0002", "contents": "1951 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Charlie\nAs it did so, it rapidly re-intensified for a third and final time, reaching peak winds of 115\u00a0mph (185\u00a0km/h) before striking near the city of Miramar, just north of Tampico. It dissipated on August\u00a023. The hurricane dropped heavy rainfall in the region, flooding rivers and causing dams to burst. Hundreds of people were killed in the Mexican mainland, and across Charlie's entire path, damage was estimated at over $75\u00a0million (1951\u00a0USD, $748\u00a0million 2021\u00a0USD). The outer fringes of the storm increased surf along the Texas coast.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 58], "content_span": [59, 591]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068468-0009-0000", "contents": "1951 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Dog\nA tropical wave spawned a tropical depression on August\u00a027 southwest of Cape Verde. It moved westward, eventually intensifying into a tropical storm early on August\u00a031. The next day, the storm was first observed by Hurricane Hunters, several hundred miles east of Barbados, and it was named \"Dog\". By that time, its winds were around 60\u00a0mph (97\u00a0km/h), and the storm continued intensifying as it approached the Lesser Antilles. On September\u00a02, Dog attained hurricane status, reaching its peak of 90\u00a0mph (150\u00a0km/h) as it passed between the islands of Saint Lucia and Martinique.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 631]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068468-0009-0001", "contents": "1951 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Dog\nThe storm, then quite small in diameter, produced strong wind gusts of up to 115\u00a0mph (185\u00a0km/h) at the airport in Fort-de-France on Martinique. However, this peak was short-lived, for upon entering the eastern Caribbean Sea Dog began a slow but steady weakening trend. On September\u00a04, Dog weakened to tropical storm status to the south of Hispaniola, and the next day dissipated in the western Caribbean.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068468-0010-0000", "contents": "1951 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Dog\nIn northern Saint Lucia, the combination of flooding and high winds destroyed 70% of the banana crop. Two sailing vessels were destroyed, and another one damaged. Across the island, Hurricane Dog killed two people from drownings. Damage was heavier on Martinique, located on the north side of the storm. The hurricane's winds destroyed 1,000\u00a0homes and the roofs of several others. Downed trees blocked roads and disrupted power lines. The winds also destroyed 90% of the banana crop and 30% of the sugar cane.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068468-0010-0001", "contents": "1951 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Dog\nThroughout Martinique, Dog left $3\u00a0million in damage (1951\u00a0USD, $29.9\u00a0million 2021\u00a0USD) and killed five people from drownings. It was considered the \"most violent storm\" in Martinique in 20\u00a0years. Initially the hurricane was expected to strike Jamaica, prompting hurricane warnings for the country, as well as along the southern coast of Hispaniola. Jamaica was struck by Hurricane Charlie a few weeks prior, and the threat from Dog prompted coastal evacuations and the closure of an airport. Ultimately, Dog dissipated and produced only light rainfall on the island.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 622]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068468-0011-0000", "contents": "1951 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Easy\nHurricane Easy, the strongest tropical cyclone of the season, was a powerful and long-lived Cape Verde-type hurricane that originated as a tropical depression on September\u00a01 between the Lesser Antilles and Cape Verde. Moving generally west-northwestward, the depression deepened into a tropical storm late that day, and further to hurricane status by September\u00a03. On September\u00a05, the cyclone reached its first peak of 110\u00a0mph (177\u00a0km/h), but failed to continue strengthening. Its winds fluctuated through the early morning on September\u00a06, but then resumed strengthening, reaching major hurricane status by that evening.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 675]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068468-0011-0001", "contents": "1951 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Easy\nDuring this period, Hurricane Hunters flew into the hurricane to monitor its progress, recording a minimum pressure of 957 millibars (28.26\u00a0inHg) on September\u00a06 to the north of the Lesser Antilles. The next day, an aircraft was unable to penetrate the center, estimating winds of 160\u00a0mph (257\u00a0km/h) south of the eye. On this basis, Easy was once classified as a Category 5 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson scale; A reanalysis in 2015 lowered the peak winds to 150\u00a0mph (240\u00a0km/h) on September\u00a08.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068468-0011-0002", "contents": "1951 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Easy\nThis was based on the Hurricane Hunters reporting a pressure of 937\u00a0mb (27.67\u00a0inHg) on the previous day, and a ship reporting winds of 140\u00a0mph (220\u00a0km/h). By the time Easy attained peak intensity, it had turned to the north and northeast while beginning a steady weakening trend. It interacted with the small Hurricane Fox to the east; this was the first observed instance of a hurricane affecting another's path. Easy then turned to the northeast, passing a short distance southeast of Bermuda on September\u00a09 with winds of 110\u00a0mph (177\u00a0km/h).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068468-0011-0003", "contents": "1951 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Easy\nEasy evolved into an extratropical cyclone late on September\u00a011, while still maintaining hurricane-force winds. The remnants lost their hurricane-force winds on September\u00a012, only to briefly regain them two days later. On September\u00a014, Easy lost its identity over the northern Atlantic Ocean after it was absorbed by another extratropical storm to the north.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068468-0012-0000", "contents": "1951 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Easy\nThe Weather Bureau advised Bermuda to take precautionary measures in advance of the storm; tourists and residents \"worked feverishly\" to complete preparations, and the United States Air Force issued \"a formal warning at noon.\" Numerous hotels and homes were shuttered. Heavy traffic snarled evacuations, and 100\u00a0tourists were stranded on the island without \"roundtrip reservations.\" Air Force aircraft returned to the United States, and personnel secured various facilities at the island's base. On Bermuda, the hurricane produced winds of only 50\u00a0mph (80\u00a0km/h), which downed a few banana trees. In addition to affecting Bermuda, the strong winds of the hurricane damaged a few ships along its path.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 755]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068468-0013-0000", "contents": "1951 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Fox\nAround the same time as Easy was forming, a new tropical depression developed in the far eastern Atlantic Ocean. Moving generally westward, it passed south of the Cape Verde islands, quickly strengthening into Tropical Storm Fox early on September\u00a03; by that time, its motion turned to the west-northwest. On September\u00a05, Fox attained hurricane status, around the same time as it was first observed by ships. Two days later, Hurricane Hunters reported peak winds of 115\u00a0mph (185\u00a0km/h), making it a major hurricane, albeit one of very small extent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 602]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068468-0013-0001", "contents": "1951 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Fox\nAround that time, Fox interacted with Hurricane Easy to its northwest. After maintaining peak winds for 12\u00a0hours, Fox began a steady weakening trend, accelerating to the north and northeast ahead of Easy and passing to the east of Bermuda. On September\u00a010, Fox, while still of hurricane force, became extratropical between the Azores and Greenland in the far north Atlantic. It turned towards the north and dissipated on September\u00a011 off the southwest coast of Iceland. Although a few ships were affected by the hurricane's winds, there were no reports of any damage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 622]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068468-0014-0000", "contents": "1951 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm George\nTropical Storm George developed in the Bay of Campeche on September\u00a019. Moving west-northwestward, it quickly attained peak winds of 60\u00a0mph (95\u00a0km/h late on the next day, as reported by the Hurricane Hunters. George later made landfall on September\u00a021 in Mexico about 55\u00a0mi (90\u00a0km) south of Tampico as a moderate tropical storm. Before it moved ashore, the storm spread rainfall along the coast and increased waves, causing one drowning death. George quickly dissipated upon making landfall, and there were no reports of damage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 591]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068468-0015-0000", "contents": "1951 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane How\nAn easterly wave spawned a tropical depression in the western Caribbean Sea on September\u00a029. It moved north-northwestward for a few days before turning eastward in the central Gulf of Mexico. Based on Hurricane Hunter reports, the depression intensified into Tropical Storm How late on September\u00a030, and it continued to strengthen as it approached Southwest Florida. On October\u00a02, How attained its first peak of 65\u00a0mph (105\u00a0km/h) just before making landfall near Boca Grande, and within the day it crossed southern Florida.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068468-0015-0001", "contents": "1951 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane How\nAt the time, the storm was not well organized, and its strongest winds were confined to squalls in the Florida Keys and the southeast coast. Wind damage was minor, although heavy rainfall was reported, peaking at 15.7\u00a0inches (40\u00a0cm) near where it moved ashore. The precipitation caused significant street flooding, while about 7,000 acres (28\u00a0km2) of tomato and bean fields were deluged.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068468-0016-0000", "contents": "1951 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane How\nThe storm emerged into the Atlantic Ocean between Fort Pierce and Vero Beach, quickly intensifying to hurricane strength by October\u00a03. Turning northeastward, How reached its second and strongest peak of 100\u00a0mph (161\u00a0km/h) on October\u00a04 as it passed near the Outer Banks of North Carolina. Along the coast, the hurricane produced high tides and minor damage. Subsequently, the hurricane briefly weakened, only to recover its peak of 100\u00a0mph (155\u00a0km/h) on October\u00a05. It passed southeast of Cape Cod before turning more to the east-northeast, causing road closures due to high tides.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 634]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068468-0016-0001", "contents": "1951 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane How\nOffshore, the hurricane sank a ship, killing 17\u00a0people. While still of hurricane force, How became an extratropical storm on October\u00a06, and a few days later it curved to the northeast. The extratropical cyclone later struck Iceland with hurricane-force winds on October\u00a09. A couple of days later, the remnants of How dissipated in the far northern Atlantic. Overall, Hurricane How caused about $2\u00a0million (1951\u00a0USD, $19.9\u00a0million 2021\u00a0USD) in damage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 505]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068468-0017-0000", "contents": "1951 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Item\nA tropical depression formed southwest of Jamaica on October\u00a012. A small system, it moved northwestward and intensified into Tropical Storm Item on October\u00a013. It turned toward the north, and the next day attained peak winds of 65\u00a0mph (105\u00a0km/h) after moving through the Cayman Islands. Based on observations from the Hurricane Hunters, Item was upgraded to hurricane status in real time, although a reanalysis in 2015 lowered the peak winds to 65\u00a0mph (100\u00a0km/h. Item lost tropical storm status on October\u00a016 as it drifted to the northwest. Continuing a slow weakening trend, it passed just east of the Isla de la Juventud before striking western Cuba as a tropical depression on October\u00a017. Later that day it dissipated in the southeastern Gulf of Mexico.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 60], "content_span": [61, 817]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068468-0018-0000", "contents": "1951 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Item\nThe threat of the hurricane prompted precautions to be made in parts of Cuba. Additionally, storm warnings were posted in the Florida Keys, southern mainland Florida, as well as the Bahamas. However, no damage was reported.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 60], "content_span": [61, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068468-0019-0000", "contents": "1951 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Jig\nOne of the last tropical cyclones of the season formed on October\u00a015 just northeast of the Bahamas. Although listed as a tropical storm, it would have likely been classified as a subtropical cyclone beginning in the 1970s, but was unable to be classified as such given the lack of satellite imagery to prove its status. Given the name \"Jig\", it moved northeastward, quickly attaining hurricane status with winds of 75\u00a0mph 120\u00a0km/h), which it maintained for a full day. On October\u00a016, Jig began a slow weakening trend, weakening below hurricane force and turning sharply northeastward.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 639]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068468-0019-0001", "contents": "1951 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Jig\nDuring this time, the storm made its closest approach to the southeastern United States while passing well southeast of Cape Hatteras. While offshore, the storm increased surf along the North Carolina and Virginia coastlines, prompting storm warnings. Early October\u00a018, Jig became extratropical with winds of 70\u00a0mph (113\u00a0km/h) and began a counterclockwise loop over the western Atlantic. The next day it turned to the southeast before dissipating about 230\u00a0mi (370\u00a0km) south of Bermuda on October\u00a020.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068468-0020-0000", "contents": "1951 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Twelve\nIn early December, a cold front passed north of Bermuda. A disturbance along the front began rotating on December\u00a02, developing into a small but powerful extratropical storm on the next day. By late on December\u00a03, the storm attained hurricane-force winds, and it increasingly became the dominant system within the broad frontal region. A ridge to the east turned this storm to the southwest. The winds diminished below hurricane-intensity on December\u00a05, and concurrently the inner structure became more tropical as the frontal features dissipated. During this time, ships in the region reported strong winds, mostly to the north.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 57], "content_span": [58, 687]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068468-0020-0001", "contents": "1951 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Twelve\nIncreasing water temperatures fueled atmospheric instability, likely causing an increase in convection, and the system was potentially a subtropical cyclone on December\u00a06, while located about 1,015\u00a0mi (1,635\u00a0km) east-northeast of Bermuda. A nearby ship recorded a minimum pressure of 987\u00a0mbar (29.1\u00a0inHg) around that time. After the storm turned to the southeast, a ship in the region reported winds of 75\u00a0mph (120\u00a0km/h) near the center and a pressure of 995\u00a0mbar (29.4\u00a0inHg), while a weather station indicated that the system had a warm core. The data suggested that the system became a fully tropical hurricane by 12:00\u00a0UTC on December\u00a07, and that it likely had evolved into a tropical storm six hours earlier. By 18:00\u00a0UTC that night, the hurricane attained peak winds of 80\u00a0mph (130\u00a0km/h).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 57], "content_span": [58, 851]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068468-0021-0000", "contents": "1951 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Twelve\nOn December\u00a08, the hurricane turned to the east and weakened into a tropical storm, steered by an approaching trough. Over the next day, the storm accelerated to the east-northeast toward the Azores. Late on December\u00a010, the storm moved through the Azores as a tropical storm, although it was reverting to an extratropical storm at the time. By 06:00\u00a0UTC on December\u00a011, the system was extratropical again after it rejoined with a nearby cold front. It likely merged with another nontropical storm to its east on December\u00a012, although it is possible the former hurricane remained a distinct system. A building ridge near Spain forced the extratropical system to the southeast, eventually dissipating after coming ashore in Morocco on December\u00a015.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 57], "content_span": [58, 804]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068468-0022-0000", "contents": "1951 Atlantic hurricane season, Storm names\nThese names were used to name storms during the 1951 Atlantic hurricane season. As this season had the same names and was less active than 1950, none of these names was used for the first time. Names that were not assigned are marked in gray.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 43], "content_span": [44, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068469-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Auburn Tigers football team\nThe 1951 Auburn Tigers football team represented Auburn University in the 1951 college football season. It was the Tigers' 60th overall and 19th season as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The team was led by head coach Ralph \"Shug\" Jordan, in his first year, and played their home games at Cliff Hare Stadium in Auburn, Cramton Bowl in Montgomery and Ladd Memorial Stadium in Mobile, Alabama. They finished with a record of five wins and five losses (5\u20135 overall, 3\u20134 in the SEC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068469-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Auburn Tigers football team, Season Summary, Vanderbilt\nAuburn upset the 14-point favorite Commodores behind opportunistic defense and a bruising ground game. The Tigers recovered three fumbles in Vanderbilt territory and converted center Homer Williams rumbled for 122 yards on 29 carries. He scored the go-ahead touchdown with 6 minutes left in the 4th quarter and a 36-yard field goal from Joe Davis iced it with less than a minute left. Tailback Charles Hattaway racked up 120 yards on 24 carries and nose guard Bill Turnbeaugh made a few key defensive plays in the 4th quarter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 60], "content_span": [61, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068469-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Auburn Tigers football team, Season Summary, Wofford\nLooking to erase the embarrassment of the previous year's loss to the hands of Wofford, Shug's Tigers were able to get revenge on the feisty Terriers by a 30-14 margin. The defense, led by Vince Dooley, took advantage of several Wofford mishaps, even with allowing Terrier quarterback Jack Beeler to complete 23 of 30 passes against them. Punter Dudley Spence was magnificent, pinning the visitors deep with every kick, and freshman Bobby Freeman made an impressive 79-yard touchdown jaunt to break the game open.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 57], "content_span": [58, 571]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068469-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Auburn Tigers football team, Season Summary, Florida\nThe Homecoming battle with Florida proved to be one of the most exciting contests of the season. The Gators struck first with a blocked punt to set up a touchdown and Auburn responded with an interception that led to an Allan Parks score just before half. With the score knotted at 7 apiece, the Tigers were forced to a 3-n-out to begin the second half. With the benefit of a 12-yard punt, the visitors promptly took advantage by engineering a three-play scoring drive. The point after sailed wide, but the Gators had amassed a 13-7 lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 57], "content_span": [58, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068469-0003-0001", "contents": "1951 Auburn Tigers football team, Season Summary, Florida\nThe game was a seesaw affair from here out, with multiple fumbles direly costing Florida chances to put the contest away. With time dwindling in the final quarter, 137-pound Tiger defensive back Jack Creel proved to be the giant of the day by blocking a Florida punt at the Gator 29-yard line. It was big Bill Turnebaugh who corralled the pigskin to give Auburn possession. Despite the fortunate shift of momentum, the home team could only manage 5 yards on their first 3 attempts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 57], "content_span": [58, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068469-0003-0002", "contents": "1951 Auburn Tigers football team, Season Summary, Florida\nWith a minute left to play, Auburn faced a 4th down-and-5 at the 24-yard line with the game on the line. Quarterback Allan Parks took the snap from center, rolled out of the pocket, and heaved a pass to end Lee Hayley who was streaking up the sidelines. Hayley leaped for the ball and came down with it in the end zone. Joe Davis's kick was true and the Tigers held on to clip Florida, 14-13.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 57], "content_span": [58, 450]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068470-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Australian Championships\nThe 1951 Australian Championships was a tennis tournament that took place on outdoor Grass courts at the White City Tennis Club, Sydney, Australia from 20 January to 31 January. It was the 39th edition of the Australian Championships (now known as the Australian Open), the 11th held in Sydney, and the first Grand Slam tournament of the year. The singles titles were won by American Dick Savitt and Australian Nancye Wynne Bolton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068470-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Australian Championships, Finals, Men's Doubles\nKen McGregor /  Frank Sedgman defeated  John Bromwich /  Adrian Quist 11\u20139, 2\u20136, 6\u20133, 4\u20136, 6\u20133", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 52], "content_span": [53, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068470-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Australian Championships, Finals, Women's Doubles\nThelma Coyne Long /  Nancye Wynne Bolton  defeated  Joyce Fitch /  Mary Bevis Hawton 6\u20132, 6\u20131", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 54], "content_span": [55, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068470-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Australian Championships, Finals, Mixed Doubles\nThelma Coyne Long /  George Worthington defeated  Clare Proctor /  Jack May 6\u20134, 6\u20133", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 52], "content_span": [53, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068471-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Australian Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nFourth-seeded Dick Savitt defeated Ken McGregor 6\u20133, 2\u20136, 6\u20133, 6\u20131 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1951 Australian Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068471-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Australian Championships \u2013 Men's Singles, Seeds\nThe seeded players are listed below. Dick Savitt is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 52], "content_span": [53, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068472-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Australian Championships \u2013 Women's Singles\nFirst-seeded Nancye Bolton defeated Thelma Long 6\u20131, 7\u20135 in the final to win the Women's Singles tennis title at the 1951 Australian Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068472-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Australian Championships \u2013 Women's Singles, Seeds\nThe seeded players are listed below. Nancye Bolton is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 54], "content_span": [55, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068473-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Australian Communist Party ban referendum\nOn 22 September 1951, a referendum was held in Australia which sought approval for the federal government to alter the constitution to give Parliament the power to make laws regarding communism and communists, so that the Parliament is empowered to instate a law similar to the Communist Party Dissolution Act of 1950. It was not carried.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068473-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Australian Communist Party ban referendum, General background\nAfter World War II, membership of the Communist Party had peaked at around 20,000 and Fred Paterson had won the seat of Bowen in the 1944 Queensland state election. Communists became prominent in trade unions as well as cultural and literary circles. Following the attempted nationalisation of the Australian Banks in 1948, Opposition Leader Robert Menzies became concerned that communist ideas were infiltrating the Labor Party. A Queensland rail strike in that same year cemented that idea. Menzies vowed that if elected he would outlaw communism.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 66], "content_span": [67, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068473-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Australian Communist Party ban referendum, General background, 1949 federal election campaign\nIn the 1949 general election, the newly formed Liberal Party campaigned on a strongly anti-communist, anti-interventionist platform, which targeted the Labor Government's attempt to nationalise banking in Australia, as well as what Menzies considered to be a growing communist threat in the wake of World War II.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 98], "content_span": [99, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068473-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Australian Communist Party ban referendum, General background, 1949 federal election campaign\nOn 27 June 1949, coal miners went out on strike, supported by the Communist Party of Australia and various unions. Bargaining quickly broke down between the unions and government and on 1 August, Prime Minister Chifley sent in troops from the Australian Armed Forces to run the mines until the dispute was resolved. By its fourth day, the Sydney docks were congested with coal ships unable to leave the port, the loading of ships being severely delayed by restricted transport. By 1 July the government was examining the possibility of importing coal from Britain. The strike lasted another 2 weeks, until 15 August. Later that year, PM Chifley also brought in legislation to begin the rationing of petrol. Both of these events became key issues in the 1949 federal election campaign.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 98], "content_span": [99, 883]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068473-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Australian Communist Party ban referendum, General background, 1949 federal election campaign\nDuring the campaign, Menzies asserted that socialism was the \"outstanding issue\" of the day. He accused the Labor Party of having communist leanings, citing as proof its banking legislation and regulation in other areas of the economy. \"A vote for Labor,\" he suggested, \"is a vote for the socialist objective.\" Socialism was, according to Menzies, detrimental to the freedom and prosperity of the nation, and to be considered a real and prominent threat to the Australian way of life.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 98], "content_span": [99, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068473-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Australian Communist Party ban referendum, General background, 1949 federal election campaign\nIn December 1949, the Liberal Party with Robert Menzies as Prime Minister won a majority in the House of Representatives with 74 of 121 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 98], "content_span": [99, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068473-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 Australian Communist Party ban referendum, General background, The Communist Party Dissolution Act\nOn 23 June 1950, the Communist Party Dissolution Bill (1950) was introduced. In his speech introducing the Bill, PM Menzies read out the names of 53 members of the Communist Party of Australia, referring to them as a \"traitorous minority\" which threatened the security of the nation. The Bill passed the House of Representatives, but struggled to pass the Senate, which had a Labor party majority. Labor senators agreed that the Communist Party should be dissolved, but held reservations about allowing the Governor-General to 'declare' people communists.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 103], "content_span": [104, 659]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068473-0006-0001", "contents": "1951 Australian Communist Party ban referendum, General background, The Communist Party Dissolution Act\nThese reservations were especially strong after Menzies admitted that the names of Communist Party members which had been read out on the House floor contained errors. Amendments were proposed that removed this power, but the Labor Party later withdrew its opposition and the Bill passed the Senate without amendments on 19 October 1950. It was brought into effect as the Communist Party Dissolution Act (1950) on 20 October 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 103], "content_span": [104, 534]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068473-0007-0000", "contents": "1951 Australian Communist Party ban referendum, General background, The Communist Party Dissolution Act\nThe Act authorised the Governor-General to declare any person a communist, engaging or likely to engage in activities detrimental to the defence and security of the nation. Such persons were not allowed to be employed by the Commonwealth in public service, or in industries considered vital to the defence of Australia. They were not permitted to run for office and were prohibited from joining a union. The Communist Party of Australia was declared an unlawful organisation and was dissolved, its property forfeited to the Commonwealth without compensation. Affiliated organisations were also liable to be declared unlawful, at the discretion of the Governor-General.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 103], "content_span": [104, 772]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068473-0008-0000", "contents": "1951 Australian Communist Party ban referendum, General background, Australian Communist Party v. Commonwealth (1951)\nImmediately following the passage of the Act, a challenge was filed in the High Court. The case was heard beginning on 14 November 1950 by the Full Bench of seven judges. The question was whether the federal government had the power, under the defence power (section 51.vi) of the Australian Constitution. The Constitution, in Section 51, gives the Parliament power to make legislation in regard to  \"(vi)\u00a0the naval and military defence of the Commonwealth and of the several States, and the control of the forces to execute and maintain the laws of the Commonwealth.\" The Commonwealth claimed that the Act was valid under this power because communists presented a real threat to Australian security, as revolution was a central theme of Marxist doctrine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 117], "content_span": [118, 873]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068473-0009-0000", "contents": "1951 Australian Communist Party ban referendum, General background, Australian Communist Party v. Commonwealth (1951)\nOn 19 March 1951, the Court ruled in a 6:1 judgement (Latham CJ dissenting) that the Act was invalid. In his judgement, Fullagar J summarised the position of the bench thusly,", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 117], "content_span": [118, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068473-0010-0000", "contents": "1951 Australian Communist Party ban referendum, General background, Australian Communist Party v. Commonwealth (1951)\n\"The validity of a law or of an administrative act done under a law cannot be made to depend on the opinion of the law-maker, or the person who is to do the act, that the law or the consequence of the act is within the constitutional power upon which the law in question itself depends for its validity. A power to make laws with respect to lighthouses does not authorize the making of a law with respect to anything which is, in the opinion of the law-maker, a lighthouse. A power to make a proclamation carrying legal consequences with respect to a lighthouse is one thing: a power to make a similar proclamation with respect to anything which in the opinion of the Governor-General is a lighthouse is another thing.\u201d", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 117], "content_span": [118, 837]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068473-0011-0000", "contents": "1951 Australian Communist Party ban referendum, Referendum\nA referendum was called on 23 August 1951, which sought to insert a clause into the constitution that empowered the Federal Parliament make laws in reference to communism and communists. Newspaper editorials were overwhelmingly in favour of the ban with 12 editorials in support, two papers not taking a stance (Daily Mirror and Daily News), and just one newspaper against it (The Argus). The Labor party had decided to campaign for a 'No' vote despite supporting the Bill through the senate the previous year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 58], "content_span": [59, 569]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068473-0011-0001", "contents": "1951 Australian Communist Party ban referendum, Referendum\nOpposition Leader HV Evatt held more speeches than Menzies and started campaigning earlier, campaigning vigorously against what he perceived as Menzies' attempt to establish a police state in Australia. Menzies' speeches were often interrupted by the No campaign's hecklers, although Menzies claimed to have been happy with the uproar because it demonstrated the communists' \"disrespect for liberal norms\". Some Liberal party members and non-affiliated conservatives also supported the 'No' campaign, which undermined Menzies efforts to convince the public that this was a necessary measure.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 58], "content_span": [59, 650]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068473-0011-0002", "contents": "1951 Australian Communist Party ban referendum, Referendum\nDespite this, three months before the ballot, the ban was supported by 73.3% percent of respondents in a Gallup Poll. The reason behind the Gallup support plummeting for Yes has been estimated to have been especially middle class Liberal voters slipping away from the Coalition position, whereas Labor kept their ranks better. Bi-partisan support was usually required for constitutional amendments to pass in Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 58], "content_span": [59, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068473-0012-0000", "contents": "1951 Australian Communist Party ban referendum, Referendum\nThe referendum was held on 22 September 1951. The question which appeared on the ballot was:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 58], "content_span": [59, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068473-0013-0000", "contents": "1951 Australian Communist Party ban referendum, Referendum\nDo you approve of the proposed law for the alteration of the Constitution entitled 'Constitution Alteration (Powers to deal with Communists and Communism) 1951'?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 58], "content_span": [59, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068473-0014-0000", "contents": "1951 Australian Communist Party ban referendum, Referendum, Constitution Alteration (Power to deal with Communists and Communism) 1951\nThe 'Constitutional Alteration (Power to deal with Communists and Communism) 1951' proposed to insert into the constitution after section 51 the following text.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 134], "content_span": [135, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068473-0015-0000", "contents": "1951 Australian Communist Party ban referendum, Referendum, Constitution Alteration (Power to deal with Communists and Communism) 1951\n51A.--(1.) The Parliament shall have power to make such laws for the peace, order and good government of the Commonwealth with respect to communists or communism as the Parliament considers to be necessary or expedient for the defence or security of the Commonwealth or for the execution or maintenance of this Constitution or of the laws of the Commonwealth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 134], "content_span": [135, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068473-0016-0000", "contents": "1951 Australian Communist Party ban referendum, Referendum, Constitution Alteration (Power to deal with Communists and Communism) 1951\n(2.) In addition to all other powers conferred on the Parliament by this Constitution and without limiting any such power, the Parliament shall have power---", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 134], "content_span": [135, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068473-0017-0000", "contents": "1951 Australian Communist Party ban referendum, Referendum, Constitution Alteration (Power to deal with Communists and Communism) 1951\n(a) to make a law in the terms of the Communist Part Dissolution Act 1950--", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 134], "content_span": [135, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068473-0018-0000", "contents": "1951 Australian Communist Party ban referendum, Referendum, Constitution Alteration (Power to deal with Communists and Communism) 1951\n(ii) with alterations, being alterations with respect to a matter dealt with by that Act or with respect to some other matter with respect to which the Parliament has power to make laws;", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 134], "content_span": [135, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068473-0019-0000", "contents": "1951 Australian Communist Party ban referendum, Referendum, Constitution Alteration (Power to deal with Communists and Communism) 1951\n(b) to make laws amending the law made under the last preceding paragraph, but so that any such amendment is with respect to a matter dealt with by that law or with respect to some other matter with respect to which the Parliament has power to make laws; and", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 134], "content_span": [135, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068473-0020-0000", "contents": "1951 Australian Communist Party ban referendum, Referendum, Constitution Alteration (Power to deal with Communists and Communism) 1951\n(c) to repeal a law made under either of the last two preceding paragraphs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 134], "content_span": [135, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068473-0021-0000", "contents": "1951 Australian Communist Party ban referendum, Referendum, Constitution Alteration (Power to deal with Communists and Communism) 1951\n(3.) In this section, 'the Communist Part Dissolution Act 1950' means the proposed law passed by the Senate and the House of Representatives, and assented to by the Governor-General on the twentieth day of October, One thousand nine hundred and fifty, being the proposed law entitled 'An Act to provide for the Dissolution of the Australian Communist Party and of other Communist Organizations, to disqualify Communists from holding certain Offices, and for purposes connected therewith'.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 134], "content_span": [135, 623]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068473-0022-0000", "contents": "1951 Australian Communist Party ban referendum, Referendum, Results\n* Armed forces totals are also included in their respective states.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 67], "content_span": [68, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068474-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Australian Grand Prix\nThe 1951 Australian Grand Prix was a Formula Libre motor race held at a street circuit in Narrogin, Western Australia on 5 March 1951. The race was held over 24 laps of the 7.1 kilometre circuit for a race distance of 170 kilometres.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068474-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Australian Grand Prix\nIt was the sixteenth Australian Grand Prix and the last to feature a handicap start which saw the slower cars starting ahead of the faster cars according to handicap allowance. The first car over the line was the MG TC special of South Australian Steve Tillett. The Australian Grand Prix title was however to be awarded to the driver setting the fastest outright time, regardless of handicap. The scratch race was won by Warwick Pratley driving a George Reed built Flathead Ford V8 powered racing car.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068474-0001-0001", "contents": "1951 Australian Grand Prix\nIt would be the last Australian Grand Prix victory by an Australian built car until Frank Matich won the 1971 race at the wheel of a Matich A50. Pratley started the race ten minutes and thirty seconds behind the first car to start the race, the Morgan of Colin Uphill. Pratley won the race by 96 seconds over the Delahaye of Dick Bland. Both Tillett and Pratley were awarded Commonwealth Jubilee Trophies for their victories in what was effectively two races in one.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 493]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068475-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Australian Labor Party leadership election\nA leadership election in the Australian Labor Party, then the opposition party in the Parliament of Australia, was held on 20 June 1951. It saw the election of Leader H. V. Evatt as leader following the death of sitting leader Ben Chifley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068475-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Australian Labor Party leadership election\nAs deputy leader, Evatt became acting leader of the party upon Chifley's death on 13 June. Prior to the meeting, there was speculation that Arthur Calwell would also contest the leadership, however by 19 June he had decided not to run. As a result, Evatt was elected unopposed. In the ballot for the deputy leadership, Calwell defeated Percy Clarey by nine votes on the third ballot, following the elimination of Eddie Ward and Allan Fraser:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 489]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068476-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Australian federal election\nThe 1951 Australian federal election was held in Australia on 28 April 1951. All 121 seats in the House of Representatives and all 60 seats in the Senate were up for election, due to a double dissolution called after the Senate rejected the Commonwealth Bank Bill. The incumbent Liberal\u2013Country coalition led by Prime Minister Robert Menzies defeated the opposition Labor Party led by Ben Chifley with a modestly reduced majority, and secured a majority in the Senate. This was the last time the Labor party ever held a Senate majority. Chifley died just over a month after the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 620]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068476-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Australian federal election, Issues\nAlthough the Coalition had won a comfortable majority in the House in 1949, Labor still had a four-seat majority in the Senate. Chifley thus made it his business to obstruct Menzies's agenda at every opportunity. Realizing this, Menzies sought to call a double dissolution at the first opportunity in hopes of gaining control of both houses. He thought he had his chance in 1950, when he introduced a bill to ban the Australian Communist Party. However, after a redraft, Chifley let the bill pass.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 40], "content_span": [41, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068476-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Australian federal election, Issues\nA few months later, the Senate rejected the Commonwealth Bank Bill 1950, in which the Coalition government aimed to establish a \"Commonwealth Bank Board\", which Labor believed would be filled with private banking interests. This finally gave Menzies an excuse to call a double dissolution. While the Coalition lost five House seats to Labor, it still had a solid mandate. More importantly, it picked up six Senate seats, giving it control over both chambers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 40], "content_span": [41, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068477-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Austrian presidential election\nPresidential elections were held in Austria in 1951, the first time that the President of Austria had been elected by popular vote. A first round of voting was held on 6 May, and with no candidate achieving a majority of the votes, a second round was held on 27 May between the top two candidates, Mayor of Vienna, Theodor K\u00f6rner representing the Socialist Party's, and Upper Austria Governor Heinrich Glei\u00dfner of the Austrian People's Party. Although Glei\u00dfner received the most votes in the first round K\u00f6rner won the runoff with 52% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068477-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Austrian presidential election, Background\nA constitutional amendment in 1929 would have seen the president being elected directly, but a planned election in 1931 was cancelled and the president was instead elected by Parliament as a public vote was deemed too expensive. After the suspension of the constitution in 1934, and Austria ceasing to exist in 1938, the first presidential elections by popular vote were to be held in 1945. However, because the Allied council did not approve on the constitutional law passed by the National Council, the election was again held by the Federal Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 601]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068478-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 BYU Cougars football team\nThe 1951 BYU Cougars football team was an American football team that represented Brigham Young University in the Skyline Conference during the 1951 college football season. In their third season under head coach Chick Atkinson, the Cougars compiled a 6\u20133\u20131 record (2\u20133\u20131 against Skyline opponents), finished fifth in the Skyline, and outscored opponents by a total of 215 to 184.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068478-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 BYU Cougars football team\nRay Oliverson was the team captain. He was also selected as a first-team halfback on the 1951 All-Skyline Conference team selected by the Associated Press (AP). BYU's Jae Ballif also won first-team honors on the AP all-conference team as a defensive halfback.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068479-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg referendum\nA referendum was held on 9 December 1951 in the states of South Baden, W\u00fcrttemberg-Baden, and W\u00fcrttemberg-Hohenzollern. Voters were asked whether they favoured a merger of the three states into a single state or the re-establishment of the old states of Baden and W\u00fcrttemberg. 69.7% of voters favoured unification with a turnout of 59.2%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068479-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg referendum\nFor either option to succeed, a majority in three or more of the four voting areas was required. As a majority in North Baden, North W\u00fcrttemberg, and South W\u00fcrttemberg supported the merger, while only South Baden supported the re-establishment of the old states, the merger was considered victorious. As a result, the state of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg was founded on 25 April 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068479-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg referendum, Background\nAfter the end of the Napoleonic Wars, the region that today forms Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg was divided into three entities: the Kingdom of W\u00fcrttemberg, the Grand Duchy of Baden, and the two Hohenzollern principalities, which were merged in 1850 into the Prussian Province of Hohenzollern. W\u00fcrttemberg and Baden were successively integrated as federal states of the German Empire in 1871 and the Weimar Republic in 1919, becoming the Free People's State of W\u00fcrttemberg and Republic of Baden respectively. Hohenzollern remained a province of the Free State of Prussia. After the federal structure of Germany was de facto abolished during the Nazi Gleichschaltung, W\u00fcrttemberg and Hohenzollern were merged into the Gau of W\u00fcrttemberg-Hohenzollern, while Baden became its own Gau.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 815]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068479-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg referendum, Background\nToward the end of the Second World War, urban centres in northern Baden and W\u00fcrttemberg were subject to bombing raids; over half of Stuttgart was destroyed by Allied bombers. However, southern W\u00fcrttemberg and Hohenzollern were largely spared from destruction due to their rural character. On 31 April 1945, the first Allied ground forces reached Baden when the French First Army under Jean de Lattre de Tassigny crossed the Rhine at Speyer and Germersheim, reaching Karlsruhe on 4 April. Additional French forces crossed the Rhine at Kehl on 16 April and advanced from the south through T\u00fcbingen. American forces entered W\u00fcrttemberg from the northeast, and advanced along the Neckar towards Stuttgart. Although both army groups reached Stuttgart almost simultaneously, the French occupied the city on 21 April.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 856]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068479-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg referendum, Background, American and French occupation\nWhile France was not granted an occupation zone at the Yalta Conference in February 1945, Charles de Gaulle later successfully convinced the Allied leaders to allocate an area for French occupation. This comprised territory that had previously been part of the British and American zones. The French acquired the Saarland, the Palatinate, and territories on the left bank of the Rhine up to Remagen from the British zone, while the Americans ceded Baden south of Baden-Baden, some districts in the south of W\u00fcrttemberg, the Lindau district in Bavaria, and four districts in Hesse east of the Rhine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 77], "content_span": [78, 676]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068479-0004-0001", "contents": "1951 Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg referendum, Background, American and French occupation\nThe border between the American and French occupation zones in Baden and W\u00fcrttemberg was based on a map drawn by Dwight D. Eisenhower on 3 May. He recommended that, due to the transport links  of the region, the districts of Karlsruhe and Mannheim, as well as the area around the Karlsruhe-Stuttgart-Ulm highway (today the A 8), be assigned to the U.S. zone. Anything south of these regions would fall under French occupation, including large parts of W\u00fcrttemberg and the entirety of the old Province of Hohenzollern. The French government demanded all of Baden, but the American authorities refused to grant further concessions, and the French agreed to Eisenhower's proposal on 29 June. French forces left Stuttgart on 8 July, and the final agreement concerning the occupation zones was signed by the four powers on 26 July.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 77], "content_span": [78, 904]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068479-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg referendum, Background, American and French occupation\nAdministration within the American zone developed quickly, with the different regions being organised into states by September. The parts of Baden and W\u00fcrttemberg under American occupation were united as W\u00fcrttemberg-Baden, and liberal politician Reinhold Maier was appointed Minister-President. At the time, the state covered 15,700 square kilometres and had a population of over 3.5 million. A constituent assembly was elected on 30 June 1946, and a constitution was approved by referendum on 24 November. Simultaneously, the first elections to the state legislature, the Landtag, were held.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 77], "content_span": [78, 670]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068479-0005-0001", "contents": "1951 Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg referendum, Background, American and French occupation\nThe Christian Democratic Union (CDU) was the largest party with 39 seats, followed by the Social Democratic Party (SPD) with 32, the Democratic People's Party (DVP) with 19, and the Communist Party (KPD) with 10. The CDU, SPD, and DVP subsequently formed a government together, and though Reinhold Maier's DVP was only the third largest party, he was chosen to continue as Minister-President. Within the new state, the regions of Baden and W\u00fcrttemberg were administered as \"state districts\" (Landesbezirke).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 77], "content_span": [78, 585]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068479-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg referendum, Background, American and French occupation\nBy contrast, French administration evolved slowly. Initially, the scope of administration in the French zone was limited to districts, which operated independently of one another. In October 1945, French authorities formed provisional governments for two separate regions: one covering Hohenzollern and the parts of W\u00fcrttemberg that fell within French zone, and the other covering the French-occupied parts of Baden. The new Baden zone, with its capital in Freiburg im Breisgau, covered 9,646 square kilometres and was home to 1.3 million people. The new W\u00fcrttemberg-Hohenzollern zone was slightly larger, but less populous and more rural.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 77], "content_span": [78, 717]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068479-0006-0001", "contents": "1951 Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg referendum, Background, American and French occupation\nArticle 1 of the Statute of the State Secretariat for W\u00fcrttemberg-Hohenzollern stipulated that it \"exercises state power for the state government in the French-occupied area of W\u00fcrttemberg while the state government of W\u00fcrttemberg is dormant.\" In preparation for the drafting of the two states' constitutions, constituent assemblies were elected on 17 November 1946 by members of the local and district assemblies. The CDU dominated in both states, winning a majority of seats, while the SPD came second.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 77], "content_span": [78, 582]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068479-0006-0002", "contents": "1951 Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg referendum, Background, American and French occupation\nIn W\u00fcrttemberg-Hohenzollern, attempts by legislators to include references to W\u00fcrttemberg-Hohenzollern as part of W\u00fcrttemberg, and the restoration of W\u00fcrttemberg as a state goal, were rejected by French authorities. However, both the CDU and SPD agreed that the new state was only a temporary solution. The constitution was adopted by the State Assembly on 22 April 1947 with the support of the CDU and SPD. In Baden, the constitution was approved with the inclusion of a preamble which declared the new state to be the successor of the old Baden. Though it was often referred to as South Baden (S\u00fcdbaden), the state's official name was simply Baden.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 77], "content_span": [78, 728]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068479-0007-0000", "contents": "1951 Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg referendum, Background, American and French occupation\nBoth states' constitutions were ratified by referendum on 18 May. Held simultaneously were the first and only elections to the state Landtags. The CDU won an absolute majority in both. In W\u00fcrttemberg-Hohenzollern, they formed a coalition government with the SPD and DVP, while in Baden, they formed a coalition with the SPD. On 8 July, Lorenz Bock was elected as State-President (Staatspr\u00e4sidant) of W\u00fcrttemberg-Hohenzollern. In Baden, Leo Wohleb, who had previously headed the provisional government, was elected as State-President.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 77], "content_span": [78, 611]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068479-0008-0000", "contents": "1951 Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg referendum, Background, Federal Republic of Germany\nA conference between the four Allied powers was held in London between 25 November and 15 December 1947 to discuss the creation of an all-German administration. However, talks failed due to the conditions imposed by the Soviet Union and the differing ideas of France. A follow-up conference between the three western powers was then held to determine a common occupation policy. As a result, on 1 July 1948, the eleven state heads of government in the western occupation zones received the Frankfurt Documents, which contained recommendations for the establishment of a united western German state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 74], "content_span": [75, 673]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068479-0008-0001", "contents": "1951 Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg referendum, Background, Federal Republic of Germany\nA series of conferences were held throughout late 1948, culminating in the convening of the Parlamentarischer Rat to draft the new constitution, which became known as the Basic Law. It deliberated from 1 September 1948 until May 1949. Upon the foundation of the Federal Republic of Germany on 23 May 1949, Baden, W\u00fcrttemberg-Baden, and W\u00fcrttemberg-Hohenzollern were admitted as states.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 74], "content_span": [75, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068479-0009-0000", "contents": "1951 Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg referendum, Background, Federal Republic of Germany\nIn the Frankfurt Documents, the Western allies asked the state heads of governments for proposals for state border changes. There were no proposals for any changes outside of southwestern Germany. The question of border changes was postponed until after the foundation of the Federal Republic, however, because the representatives of the three states could not agree on what course of action to take. The government of W\u00fcrttemberg-Hohenzollern proposed the unification of all three states, which State-President Wohleb from Baden categorically rejected. He instead proposed the restoration of the old state of Baden, as espoused by the constitution of his state. However, the American military government opposed the division of W\u00fcrttemberg-Baden. North Baden politicians, fearing that unification with southern Baden would mean expansion of the harsh French reparations policy into the north, also opposed it.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 74], "content_span": [75, 985]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068479-0010-0000", "contents": "1951 Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg referendum, Background, Federal Republic of Germany\nArticle 29 Paragraph 1 of the Basic Law contained a mandate for reorganisation of the federal states: \"to ensure that the states can effectively and efficiently perform the tasks incumbent on them.\" However, reorganization was subject to high requirements. It was only possible if the population in all affected areas voted with a majority in favour of the reorganization. If the reorganisation was rejected, a federal referendum was required. However, shortly before the deliberations of the Parlamentarischer Rat concluded, another article, Article 118, was inserted into the Basic Law on the initiative of W\u00fcrttemberg-Hohenzollern.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 74], "content_span": [75, 709]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068479-0010-0001", "contents": "1951 Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg referendum, Background, Federal Republic of Germany\nThis article stated: \"The reorganization in the areas comprising the states of Baden, W\u00fcrttemberg-Baden and W\u00fcrttemberg-Hohenzollern can deviate from the provisions of Art. 29 GG by agreement of the participating states. If an agreement is not reached, the reorganization is regulated by federal law, which must provide for a referendum.\" The commanders-in-chief of the western Allies put restrictions on Articles 29 and 118, suspending the reorganization of federal territory under Article 29 until a peace treaty was signed. However, the wording of the reservation was unclear; it neither explicitly referred to only Article 29, nor to both articles. Due to this lack of clarity, the representatives of France in Germany questioned the legality of a merger of the three states. However, Robert Schuman had already stated to State-President of W\u00fcrttemberg-Hohenzollern Gebhard M\u00fcller on 19 February 1949 that France would not prevent it.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 74], "content_span": [75, 1013]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068479-0011-0000", "contents": "1951 Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg referendum, Referendums, Proposals\nOn 24 August 1949, Leo Wohleb submitted the first draft of a proposed agreement between Baden and the states of W\u00fcrttemberg-Baden and W\u00fcrttemberg-Hohenzollern, conducted under Article 118. He suggested that the states be divided into three voting districts for the merger referendum: all of Baden, all of W\u00fcrttemberg, and Hohenzollern. He suggested that two questions should be asked: whether the three states should merge, and whether the old states of Baden and W\u00fcrttemberg should be restored.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 57], "content_span": [58, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068479-0011-0001", "contents": "1951 Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg referendum, Referendums, Proposals\nAccording to Wohleb's proposal, the restoration of the old states should occur even if the proposal received majority support in only one of either Baden or W\u00fcrttemberg, but not the other. After negotiations, W\u00fcrttemberg-Hohenzollern agreed. On 22 October, the executive of all three southwestern state CDU branches met and agreed to support Wohleb's proposal. While this effectively secured its passage in Baden and W\u00fcrttemberg-Hohenzollern, where the CDU held majorities, the CDU did not have a majority in the W\u00fcrttemberg-Baden state Landtag.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 57], "content_span": [58, 603]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068479-0012-0000", "contents": "1951 Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg referendum, Referendums, Proposals\nThe W\u00fcrttemberg-Baden state government, led by the DVP's Reinhold Maier, rejected Wohleb's plan. Instead, they proposed that the states be split into four voting areas: North W\u00fcrttemberg (comprising the W\u00fcrttemberg region of W\u00fcrttemberg-Baden), South W\u00fcrttemberg (comprising W\u00fcrttemberg-Hohenzollern), North Baden (comprising the Baden region of W\u00fcrttemberg-Baden), and South Baden (comprising the state of Baden). They suggested that if the question of the state merger achieved a majority in three or more of these voting areas, it should proceed. Wohleb, in turn, rejected this plan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 57], "content_span": [58, 644]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068479-0013-0000", "contents": "1951 Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg referendum, Referendums, 1950 trial referendum\nA meeting was held in Freudenstadt on 15 April 1950, but when it became clear that the leaders could not agree on either of the two proposals, W\u00fcrttemberg-Hohenzollern State-President M\u00fcller floated a third option formulated by state minister Theodor Eschenburg. This provided for a purely informative trial referendum (Probeabstimmung) using the four voting areas proposed by W\u00fcrttemberg-Baden, but asking both questions proposed by Wohleb. The result of this trial referendum would provide a stable basis for the governments' policies for a final, binding referendum.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 69], "content_span": [70, 639]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068479-0013-0001", "contents": "1951 Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg referendum, Referendums, 1950 trial referendum\nThis proposal also stated that if no agreement could be reached within two months of the trial referendum, the unification would be considered failed. Referencing Article 118, Eschenburg stated that if the issue could not be resolved between the states, responsibility could be shifted to the federal legislature, the Bundestag. All three states agreed to Eschenburg's proposal. The trial referendum took place on 24 September 1950, and the results were as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 69], "content_span": [70, 535]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068479-0014-0000", "contents": "1951 Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg referendum, Referendums, 1950 trial referendum\nWohleb felt the result affirmed his plan, as a majority of both southern Baden and Baden overall voted for the restoration of the old states. However, the government of W\u00fcrttemberg-Baden also felt that the result affirmed their plan, as three of the four voting areas voted in favour of the merger. Gebhard M\u00fcller, for his part, believed the result showed clear support for the merger. At a meeting of the heads of government in Bad Wildbad on 12 October, no agreement could be reached for a next step. Another conference in Baden-Baden on 7 November was likewise inconclusive.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 69], "content_span": [70, 647]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068479-0014-0001", "contents": "1951 Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg referendum, Referendums, 1950 trial referendum\nTwo months after the trial referendum on 28 November, M\u00fcller informed the Bundestag that, in accordance with the Freudenstadt agreement of 15 April, negotiations for reorganisation had failed. This cleared the way for the federal legislature to take responsibility for the reorganisation, as specified by Article 118 of the Basic Law. M\u00fcller gave up his role as mediator between the two other states when, in a cabinet meeting on 18 December, he voiced his support for W\u00fcrttemberg-Baden's referendum plan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 69], "content_span": [70, 575]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068479-0015-0000", "contents": "1951 Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg referendum, Referendums, Bundestag deliberations\nTwo bills concerning the \"Southwest state question\" (S\u00fcdweststaatsfrage) were introduced to the Bundestag in January 1951. Anton Hilbert, a CDU deputy for Baden, introduced a draft on 9 January similar to Leo Wohleb's original proposal. It likewise suggested that voters choose between merger or restoration of the old states, and that only one voting area need vote for restoration for it to go ahead; however, the Hilbert draft proposed only two voting areas: all of Baden and all of W\u00fcrttemberg plus Hohenzollern. The second bill, submitted on 26 January, was known as the Gengler-Kiesinger draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 71], "content_span": [72, 672]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068479-0015-0001", "contents": "1951 Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg referendum, Referendums, Bundestag deliberations\nIt was prepared by the State Chancelery of W\u00fcrttemberg-Hohenzollern, and named for two CDU politicians: state Landtag president Karl Gengler, and Bundestag deputy for W\u00fcrttemberg-Hohenzollern Kurt Georg Kiesinger, who later served as Minister-President of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg and then Chancellor of Germany. Conversely, the Gengler-Kiesinger draft was similar to the W\u00fcrttemberg-Baden plan as backed by M\u00fcller; it retained the four voting areas of the trial referendum, and asked voters if they supported or opposed the merger of the three states, without asking about the restoration of the old states. If a majority in three or more voting areas were in favour, the referendum would be considered successful.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 71], "content_span": [72, 780]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068479-0016-0000", "contents": "1951 Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg referendum, Referendums, Bundestag deliberations\nWhile the bills were debated in the Bundestag, the debate in Baden was becoming increasingly emotional. The people of W\u00fcrttemberg-Hohenzollern, as indicated by the low turnout for the trial referendum, were largely apathetic about the subject. In the Bundestag, the SPD and Free Democratic Party (FDP) factions almost unanimously supported the merger of the southwestern states. By contrast, the vast majority of the CDU/CSU supported Baden's case. The CDU's Bundestag deputies from W\u00fcrttemberg-Hohenzollern and W\u00fcrttemberg-Baden, all of whom supported the merger, were isolated from the rest of their faction. CDU Chancellor Konrad Adenauer also opposed the merger in principle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 71], "content_span": [72, 751]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068479-0016-0001", "contents": "1951 Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg referendum, Referendums, Bundestag deliberations\nA major argument within the CDU was that the merger threatened the CDU's majority in the Bundesrat, the upper house of the federal legislature. The southwest states together had ten seats in the Bundesrat, six of which were held by the CDU. If the merger went ahead, the united state would only have five seats, and there was no guarantee that the CDU would hold them after the next election. Adenauer was dependent on the CDU/CSU's majority in the Bundesrat to ratify foreign policy treaties in order to implement his policy of western integration.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 71], "content_span": [72, 621]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068479-0017-0000", "contents": "1951 Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg referendum, Referendums, Bundestag deliberations\nThe Committee for Intra-Regional Reorganization debated the formation of the southwestern state in accordance with the Gengler-Kiesinger draft. A draft law, very similar to the Gengler-Kiesinger draft, was approved by the committee on 16 March with nine votes in favour to five against. A day earlier, the Bundestag had passed the so-called First Reorganisation Act, which extended the legislative periods of the Landtags of Baden and W\u00fcrttemberg-Hohenzollern by an additional year, until 31 March 1952. On 25 April, the Second Reorganisation Act, based on the Gengler-Kiesinger draft, was passed by the Bundestag with a majority of around 60 votes. During debate over the bill, State-President Wohleb concluded his speech with the words \"Baden is not yet lost!\" It was approved by the Bundesrat on 27 April, and came into effect on 4 May after being signed by President Theodor Heuss.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 71], "content_span": [72, 957]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068479-0018-0000", "contents": "1951 Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg referendum, Referendums, First legal challenge\nThe state of Baden submitted an application to the Federal Constitutional Court challenging both Reorganisation Acts, arguing that the extension of state legislative terms was illegal and that the referendum planned by the Second act was illegal on the basis that Baden could not vote as a united state. The Court handed down its ruling on 23 October 1951, declaring that the extension of the state legislative period was indeed unconstitutional; thus, the First Reorganisation Act was null and void. The verdict on the Second Reorganisation Act, however, was tied six votes to six. Thus, the application failed. The Bundestag subsequently amended the Basic Law to allow the extension of the state legislative terms. The referendum went ahead as planned, and took place on 9 December 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 69], "content_span": [70, 859]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068479-0019-0000", "contents": "1951 Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg referendum, Outcome\nThe referendum received a strong majority across the region as well as majorities in three of the four voting areas. Therefore, it was considered a success, and the merger of the three states proceeded. A constituent assembly was elected on 9 March 1952 and passed a constitution for the new state, provisionally named Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg. It formally came into existence at 12:30 PM on 25 April 1952. Though the name Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg was not intended to be permanent, no alternative could be agreed upon, and thus it was retained.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068479-0020-0000", "contents": "1951 Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg referendum, Outcome\nReinhold Maier became Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg's first Minister-President, forming government with the SPD and GB/BHE after the constituent assembly election. He resigned after the CDU won an absolute majority of votes in Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg in the 1953 federal election, and Gebhard M\u00fcller formed a new government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068479-0021-0000", "contents": "1951 Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg referendum, Outcome, Second legal challenge and 1970 referendum\nAfter the 1951 referendum and the formation of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Paul Z\u00fcrcher, former advisor to State-President Wohleb, formed the Heimatbund Badener Land (Homeland-Union Badener State) to advocate for the establishment of a united Baden as an independent state in the Federal Republic. In 1956, he submitted an application to the Federal Constitutional Court challenging the legality of the Second Reorganisation Act on the grounds of Article 29 of the Basic Law.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 86], "content_span": [87, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068479-0021-0001", "contents": "1951 Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg referendum, Outcome, Second legal challenge and 1970 referendum\nArticle 29 states that, in areas that were transferred to new states without public approval, a referendum on the territorial status of the area can be called via a petition supported by 10% of registered voters. Further, the Article states that any federal law regulating reorganisation of territory must include provisions to allow such a referendum to be requested by public petition. Since northern Baden had been transferred from the old state of Baden to W\u00fcrttemberg-Baden without public approval, the Second Reorganisation Act should have included a provision to allow public petition on the issue.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 86], "content_span": [87, 692]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068479-0021-0002", "contents": "1951 Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg referendum, Outcome, Second legal challenge and 1970 referendum\nHowever, the Act contained no such provision; likewise, the 1951 referendum was held separately in the voting areas of North Baden and South Baden, and therefore did not count as a referendum on Baden's territorial status. The Federal Constitutional Court thus ruled on 30 May 1956 that the citizens of Baden may petition for a referendum on Baden's territorial status. However, due to further constitutional complications, an amendment to the Basic Law was required to allow the referendum to take place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 86], "content_span": [87, 592]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068479-0021-0003", "contents": "1951 Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg referendum, Outcome, Second legal challenge and 1970 referendum\nThis only took place in 1969, with the addition of an eighth clause to Article 29: \"L\u00e4nder may revise the division of their existing territory or parts of their territory by agreement without regard to the provisions of paragraphs (2) to (7) of this Article. ... If the revision affects only part of a Land's territory, the referendum may be confined to the areas affected.\" The referendum took place on 7 June 1970, with 81.9% voting for Baden to remain part of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 86], "content_span": [87, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068480-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Balaclava by-election\nA by-election was held for the Australian House of Representatives seat of Balaclava on 28 July 1951. This was triggered by the resignation of Liberal MP Thomas White, the Air and Civil Aviation Minister, to become Australian High Commissioner to the United Kingdom. A by-election for the seat of Macquarie was held on the same day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068481-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Ball State Cardinals football team\nThe 1951 Ball State Cardinals football team was an American football team that represented Ball State Teachers College (later renamed Ball State University) in the Indiana Collegiate Conference (ICC) during the 1951 college football season. In its 16th season under head coach John Magnabosco, the team compiled a 0\u20136\u20131 record and finished in last place in the ICC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068482-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Baltimore mayoral election\nThe 1951 Baltimore mayoral election saw reelection of Thomas D'Alesandro Jr.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068483-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Barbadian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Barbados on 13 December 1951, the first held under universal suffrage. The result was a victory for the Barbados Labour Party, which won 15 of the 24 seats. Voter turnout was 64.6%. Edna Ermyntrude Bourne, elected in the Parish of St. Andrew, became the island's first female member of the House of Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068483-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Barbadian general election\nAt the time of the election, Barbados did not have a formal ministerial government. This was established on 1 February 1954, when Grantley Herbert Adams became the first Premier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068484-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting\nElections to the Baseball Hall of Fame for 1951 followed the same rules as 1950. The Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) voted once by mail to select from major league players retired less than 25 years. It elected two, Jimmie Foxx and Mel Ott. Meanwhile, the Old-Timers Committee, with jurisdiction over earlier players and other figures, did not meet. A formal induction ceremony was held in Cooperstown, New York, on July 23, 1951, with National League president Ford Frick in attendance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 541]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068484-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, BBWAA election\nThe 10-year members of the BBWAA had the authority to select any players active in 1926 or later, provided they had not been active in 1950. Voters were instructed to cast votes for 10 candidates; any candidate receiving votes on at least 75% of the ballots would be honored with induction to the Hall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068484-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, BBWAA election\nA total of 226 ballots were cast, with 2,167 individual votes for 86 specific candidates, an average of 9.59 per ballot; 170 votes were required for election. The two candidates who received at least 75% of the vote and were elected are indicated in bold italics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068484-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, BBWAA election\nThe voters' focus this year was on sluggers. Mel Ott  and Jimmie Foxx both had over 500 home runs on their resumes. Rounding out the top five were batting average champions Paul Waner, Harry Heilmann, and Bill Terry. Popular hurler Dizzy Dean was sixth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068485-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Baylor Bears football team\nThe 1951 Baylor Bears football team represented Baylor University in the 1951 NCAA college football season. The Bears finished with an 8-2-1 record and were ranked #9 in the final AP poll. Four players - Larry Isbell (Quarterback), Stanley Williams (End), Bill Athey (Guard) and Ken Casner (Tackle) - were awarded All-American Status. They lost to Georgia Tech in the Orange Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068486-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Belgian Grand Prix\nThe 1951 Belgian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 17 June 1951 at Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps. It was race 3 of 8 in the 1951 World Championship of Drivers", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068486-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Belgian Grand Prix, Report\nDespite there being just 13 starters representing 3 makes of car, the race attracted a record crowd. There were a further 3 entries, including 2 Maseratis, which did not attend the event. Fangio had a new suspension with special wheels, which had to be concave to make room for the brake drums. These proved an expensive novelty. At his first pit stop, they jammed and his stop lasted over 14 minutes. Farina's Alfa Romeo dominated, holding off the Ferraris of Ascari and Villoresi. A lightning stop of 39 seconds for wheel change and refuelling preserved his lead until the finish.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 614]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068487-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Big Ten Conference football season\nThe 1951 Big Ten Conference football season was the 56th season of college football played by the member schools of the Big Ten Conference (also known as the Western Conference and the Big Nine Conference) and was a part of the 1951 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068487-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Big Ten Conference football season\nThe 1951 Illinois Fighting Illini football team, under head coach Ray Eliot, compiled a 9\u20130\u20131 record, won the Big Ten championship, was ranked No. 4 in the final AP poll, and defeated Stanford 40\u20137 in the 1952 Rose Bowl. The lone setback was a scoreless tie with Ohio State. Halfback Johnny Karras was the Big Ten's only consensus first-team All-American. Linebacker Chuck Boerio was selected as the team's most valuable player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068487-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Big Ten Conference football season\nThe 1951 Wisconsin Badgers football team, under head coach Ivy Williamson, compiled a 7\u20131\u20131 record, led the conference in scoring defense (5.9 points allowed per game), and was ranked No. 8 in the final AP poll. Quarterback John Coatta was the first-team All-Big Ten quarterback. Defensive end Pat O'Donahue was selected as a first-team All-American by multiple selectors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068487-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Results and team statistics\nKeyAP final = Team's rank in the final AP Poll of the 1951 seasonAP high = Team's highest rank in the AP Poll throughout the 1951 seasonPPG = Average of points scored per game; conference leader's average displayed in boldPAG = Average of points allowed per game; conference leader's average displayed in boldMVP = Most valuable player as voted by players on each team as part of the voting process to determine the winner of the Chicago Tribune Silver Football trophy; trophy winner in bold", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 85], "content_span": [86, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068487-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Big Ten Conference football season, Awards and honors, All-Big Ten honors\nThe following players were picked by the Associated Press (AP)as first-team players on the 1951 All-Big Ten Conference football team. The AP picked separate offensive and defensive units, whereas the UP selected a single, eleven man unit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 78], "content_span": [79, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068487-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Big Ten Conference football season, Awards and honors, All-American honors\nAt the end of the 1951 season, only one Big Ten player secured a consensus first-team pick on the 1951 College Football All-America Team. The Big Ten's consensus All-Americans were:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 79], "content_span": [80, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068487-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 Big Ten Conference football season, Awards and honors, All-American honors\nOther Big Ten players who were named first-team All-Americans by at least one selector were:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 79], "content_span": [80, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068487-0007-0000", "contents": "1951 Big Ten Conference football season, Awards and honors, Other awards\nIllinois running back Johnny Karras finished sixth in the voting for the 1951 Heisman Trophy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 72], "content_span": [73, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068487-0008-0000", "contents": "1951 Big Ten Conference football season, 1952 NFL Draft\nThe following Big Ten players were among the first 100 picks in the 1952 NFL Draft:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 55], "content_span": [56, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068488-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Birthday Honours\nThe King's Birthday Honours 1951 were appointments in many of the Commonwealth realms of King George VI to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of the King, and were published on 1 June 1951 for the British Empire, Australia, New Zealand, Ceylon, and Pakistan. These were the last Birthday Honours awarded by George VI, who died eight months later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 489]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068488-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Birthday Honours\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068489-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Birthday Honours (New Zealand)\nThe 1951 King's Birthday Honours in New Zealand, celebrating the official birthday of King George VI, were appointments made by the King on the advice of the New Zealand government to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders. They were announced on 7 June 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068489-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Birthday Honours (New Zealand)\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068490-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Bolivarian Games\nThe III Bolivarian Games (Spanish: Juegos Bolivarianos) were a multi-sport event held between December 5\u201321, 1951, at the Estadio Ol\u00edmpico de la Universidad Central de Venezuela in Caracas, Venezuela. The Games were organized by the Bolivarian Sports Organization (ODEBO).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068490-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Bolivarian Games\nThe Games were officially opened by Germ\u00e1n Su\u00e1rez Flamerich, who became president of the \"Junta de Gobierno\" 1950-1952, after the assassination of Carlos Delgado Chalbaud.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068490-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Bolivarian Games\nA detailed history of the early editions of the Bolivarian Games between 1938 and 1989 was published in a book written (in Spanish) by Jos\u00e9 Gamarra Zorrilla, former president of the Bolivian Olympic Committee, and first president (1976-1982) of ODESUR. Gold medal winners from Ecuador were published by the Comit\u00e9 Ol\u00edmpico Ecuatoriano.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068490-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Bolivarian Games, Participation\nA total of 1010 athletes from 6 countries were reported to participate:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 36], "content_span": [37, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068490-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Bolivarian Games, Sports\nThe local Organizing Committee included three popular Venezuelan sports (Basque pelota, Bolas criollas, and Coleo) as exhibition events. The following sports were explicitly mentioned:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 29], "content_span": [30, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068490-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Bolivarian Games, Medal count\nThe medal count for these Games is tabulated below. This table is sorted by the number of gold medals earned by each country. The number of silver medals is taken into consideration next, and then the number of bronze medals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 34], "content_span": [35, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068491-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Bolivian Primera Divisi\u00f3n\nThe 1951 Bolivian Primera Divisi\u00f3n, the first division of Bolivian football (soccer), was played by 8 teams. The champion was Always Ready.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068491-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Bolivian Primera Divisi\u00f3n\nA total of 8 teams played, 1 down from 1950 as Northern was relegated and none was promoted. All teams hailed from La Paz and played at the Hernando Siles stadium", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068492-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Bolivian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Bolivia on 6 May 1951. V\u00edctor Paz Estenssoro of the opposition Revolutionary Nationalist Movement (MNR) received the most votes in the presidential election, but as he did not obtain an absolute majority, the National Congress was constitutionally obliged to elect a President on 6 August from the three candidates who received the most public votes. However, on 16 May a military junta assumed responsibility for the Government with Brigadier General Hugo Ballivi\u00e1n as President.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068492-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Bolivian general election\nThe National Congress was ultimately dissolved by Supreme Decree of 7 June, 1951, which annulled the results of the elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068492-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Bolivian general election, Campaign\nThe Republican Socialist Unity Party (PURS) and the Social Democratic Party (PSD) formed the Social Democratic Action alliance to contest the election, with Gabriel Gosalvez of PURS running for President and Roberto Arce of the PSD running for Vice-President.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068493-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Bordeaux Grand Prix\nThe 1951 Bordeaux Grand Prix was a non-championship Formula One motor race held in Bordeaux on 29 April 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068494-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Boston Braves season\nThe 1951 Boston Braves season was the 81st season of the franchise and its penultimate in Boston.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068494-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Boston Braves season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 70], "content_span": [71, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068494-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Boston Braves season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 63], "content_span": [64, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068494-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Boston Braves season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 68], "content_span": [69, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068494-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Boston Braves season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 65], "content_span": [66, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068494-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Boston Braves season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 66], "content_span": [67, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068495-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Boston College Eagles football team\nThe 1951 Boston College Eagles football team represented Boston College during the 1951 college football season. The Eagles were led by first-year head coach Mike Holovak and played their home games at Braves Field in Boston, Massachusetts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068496-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Boston Red Sox season\nThe 1951 Boston Red Sox season was the 51st season in the franchise's Major League Baseball history. The Red Sox finished third in the American League (AL) with a record of 87 wins and 67 losses, 11 games behind the New York Yankees, who went on to win the 1951 World Series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068496-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 71], "content_span": [72, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068496-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 64], "content_span": [65, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068496-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068496-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 66], "content_span": [67, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068496-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 67], "content_span": [68, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068497-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Boston University Terriers football team\nThe 1951 Boston University Terriers football team was an American football team that represented Boston University as an independent during the 1951 college football season. In its fifth season under head coach Aldo Donelli, the team compiled a 6\u20134 record and outscored their opponents by a total of 299 to 157.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068497-0000-0001", "contents": "1951 Boston University Terriers football team\nAlthough they finished with four losses (including their final game of the season against an average 5\u20134 Syracuse team), defeated only one ranked opponent (No. 16 Pacific (CA), which finished 6\u20135), and defeated no opponents that finished with a winning percentage above .600 other than 7\u20133 William & Mary, the Terriers still managed to secure a spot on the final AP Poll, just shy of the top 15. This was largely due to two first place votes that were granted to the team, becoming only the second team to receive first place votes in the final poll with a winning percentage of .600 or worse, the first being 5\u20134\u20131 Holy Cross in 1942.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 681]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068498-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Boston mayoral election\nThe Boston mayoral election of 1951 occurred on Tuesday, November 6, 1951, between Mayor of Boston John B. Hynes and former Mayor James Michael Curley. Hynes was elected to his second term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068498-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Boston mayoral election\nThis was the first Boston mayoral race with a preliminary election, which was held on Tuesday, September 25, 1951. In November 1949, voters had approved changing the structure of future mayoral contests to include a preliminary election, non-partisan in nature, to select two final candidates in advance of each general election, which would remain non-partisan. It also shifted the years in which elections would be held. The first such election had been set for 1951, meaning that Hynes' previous term was only two years in duration.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068499-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Bowling Green Falcons football team\nThe 1951 Bowling Green Falcons football team was an American football team that represented Bowling Green State University as an independent during the 1951 college football season. In their 11th season under head coach Bob Whittaker, the Falcons compiled a 4\u20134\u20131 record and were outscored by all opponents by a combined total of 178 to 150.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068499-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Bowling Green Falcons football team\nThe team's statistical leaders were Rex Simonds with 506 passing yards, fullback Fred Durig with 1,444 rushing yards, and Jim Ladd with 236 receiving yards. Durig's 1,444 rushing yards stood as a Bowling Green single season record until 1974. Ollie Glass and Eugene Aldridge were the team captains. Durig received the team's Most Valuable Player award.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068500-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Bristol West by-election\nThe 1951 Bristol West by-election was held on 15 February 1951. It was caused by the death of the prominent Conservative ex-Minister Oliver Stanley. It was easily retained by the Conservative candidate Walter Monckton, who received more than 80% of the votes cast.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068501-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 British Grand Prix\nThe 1951 British Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 14 July 1951 at the Silverstone Circuit in Northamptonshire, England. It was race 5 of 8 in the 1951 World Championship of Drivers and was contested over 90 laps. The race was the first victory for Jos\u00e9 Froil\u00e1n Gonz\u00e1lez, and was also the first of many for the Scuderia Ferrari team. Both the team and driver also achieved their first ever pole position during the weekend.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068501-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 British Grand Prix, Report\nJos\u00e9 Froil\u00e1n Gonz\u00e1lez was one second quicker than Juan Manuel Fangio in qualifying, achieving the first pole position of his career. It was also the first pole position for the Ferrari team, and the first in the World Championship (excluding the Indy 500 races) not scored by an Alfa Romeo. Nino Farina and Alberto Ascari qualified in third and fourth positions, completing the front row.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068501-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 British Grand Prix, Report\nGonz\u00e1lez and Fangio shot away almost parallel from the front row of the grid, closely followed by the other Alfa Romeos and Ferraris. Alfa Romeo driver Felice Bonetto, who started in seventh position, was the first man at the first corner, with the Ferrari of Gonz\u00e1lez in second position. Gonz\u00e1lez took the lead from Bonetto on the second lap with Fangio chasing. The BRM cars of Reg Parnell and Peter Walker were in hot pursuit of the leaders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068501-0002-0001", "contents": "1951 British Grand Prix, Report\nThe team had arrived at the last minute, and had not practiced or even qualified for their debut race, and had started in 19th and 20th positions. Bonetto's Alfa Romeo teammates of Fangio and reigning World Champion, Nino Farina, managed to overtake him to move into second and third places. On lap 6, Fangio began to close in on Gonz\u00e1lez; he passed him on the straight on lap 10, and slowly began to draw away. Consalvo Sanesi then pulled into the pits for fuel and new tyres.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068501-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 British Grand Prix, Report\nThe Maserati of John James became the first retirement of the race on lap 23 with a radiator problem, but was soon joined on the sidelines by Louis Chiron, both his Maserati teammates, the Ferrari of Alberto Ascari and Farina. Farina pulled up at Abbey curve after 75 laps with a slipping clutch and his engine on fire. He had set the lap record on lap 38, with a time of 1 minute 44 seconds, an average speed of 99.99\u00a0mph, ensuring he still left the weekend with one point.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068501-0003-0001", "contents": "1951 British Grand Prix, Report\nGonz\u00e1lez retook the lead on lap 39 with an overtake at Becketts corner. He kept his lead for the remainder of the race (excluding one lap when he pitted just before Fangio did) extending it to 1 minute and 5 seconds with 5 laps to go, before easing off at the end of the race. The BRM drivers of Parnell and Walker were still battling on, despite the fact they were suffering from hand and feet burns, and would eventually finish fifth and seventh respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 493]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068501-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 British Grand Prix, Report\nThe Alfa Romeos of Fangio and Farina pitted twice for fuel, owing to the awful fuel consumption of their cars. They were doing 1+1\u20442 miles to the gallon, and needed to take on 70 gallons for every stop. Both drivers needed to stop twice, and, owing to the lengthy, minutes-long pit stops of Formula One in 1951, the more fuel efficient Ferrari of Gonz\u00e1lez (who only needed to make one stop) was able to overtake the Alfa Romeos and pull out a considerable lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 493]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068501-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 British Grand Prix, Report\nGonz\u00e1lez eventually took his own and Ferrari's first victory in a World Championship race by 51 seconds. It was the first World Championship race (excluding the Indy 500) that was not won by an Alfa Romeo. An Alfa Romeo was still in second place though, in the form of the year's eventual champion Fangio. Luigi Villoresi became the second Ferrari on the podium after he finished in third place, two laps behind. Bonetto and Parnell were the other two-point scorers at the race, finishing in fourth and fifth positions respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068501-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 British Grand Prix, Report\nAs it turned out, Gonz\u00e1lez had actually raced with an older chassis and engine than his teammates, Villoresi and Ascari.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068502-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 British Mount Everest reconnaissance expedition\nThe 1951 British Mount Everest reconnaissance expedition ran between 27 August 1951 and 21 November 1951 with Eric Shipton as leader.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068502-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 British Mount Everest reconnaissance expedition\nThe expedition reconnoitred various possible routes for climbing Mount Everest from Nepal concluding that the one via the Khumbu Icefall, Western Cwm and South Col was the only feasible choice. This route was then used by the Swiss in their two expeditions in 1952 followed by the successful ascent by the British in 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068502-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 British Mount Everest reconnaissance expedition, Background\nAfter World War II, with Tibet closing its borders and Nepal becoming considerably more open, the reconnaissance of Mount Everest from Nepal had become possible for the first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 64], "content_span": [65, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068502-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 British Mount Everest reconnaissance expedition, Background\nIn 1950 a highly informal trek involving Charlie Houston and Bill Tilman reached what was to become Everest Base Camp on the Khumbu Glacier. Although their report about whether the summit could be reached from there was not very encouraging, they thought an attempt might nonetheless be viable.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 64], "content_span": [65, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068502-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 British Mount Everest reconnaissance expedition, Background, Topographical knowledge in 1951\nBy 1951 the location of the South Col was well known \u2013 it had been seen from the east in Tibet and photographed from the air \u2013 but it had never been possible to view its western side. There remained three main aspects of a route to Everest via the Western Cwm where the difficulties were unknown: the Khumbu Icefall, the climb up to the South Col, and the ascent to the final ridge.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 97], "content_span": [98, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068502-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 British Mount Everest reconnaissance expedition, Background, Topographical knowledge in 1951\nThe best evidence about the Icefall was from Tilman and Houston, who were the only people to have seen it close up and who considered it difficult but achievable. The Western Cwm had been glimpsed several times, but it was not clear whether its floor was relatively flat or if it sloped up towards the head of the glacier below the South Col. A pronounced slope might make ascending the valley more awkward but it would reduce the height to be climbed at the head of the valley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 97], "content_span": [98, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068502-0005-0001", "contents": "1951 British Mount Everest reconnaissance expedition, Background, Topographical knowledge in 1951\nRegarding the final ridge, the pair had seen a very steep ridge, quite possibly unclimbable, but they realized that appearances might have been deceptive: the ridge observed might have been blocking the view of a true ridge from the South Col to the summit. The 1921 reconnaissance had ascended the Kama valley east of Everest to approach the Kangshung Face. Observing the South Col from that side, they had seen a seemingly easier ridge linking it to the summit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 97], "content_span": [98, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068502-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 British Mount Everest reconnaissance expedition, Background, Topographical knowledge in 1951\nIn early 1951, Everest enthusiast Michael Ward was carefully studying relevant photographs and maps (the Milne-Hink map) in the Royal Geographical Society archives when he happened to find some photographs taken clandestinely by the RAF in 1945. One of these showed the north face of Lhotse and part of the terrain between the head of the Western Cwm and the South Col. Another showed a broad, snow-covered ridge (the Southeast ridge) stretching from the summit down to the South Col, and a clearly separate steeper ridge falling from near the summit down into the Western Cwm.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 97], "content_span": [98, 675]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068502-0007-0000", "contents": "1951 British Mount Everest reconnaissance expedition, Background, Expedition preparations\nOn the basis of this photographic evidence, Ward proposed to the Himalayan Committee that a reconnaissance expedition make direct inspections from the ground. Despite support from Bill Murray and Campbell Secord, the committee was reluctant to ask for approval from Nepal and were surprised when permission was granted; Ward believed the committee had hoped it would be refused.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 89], "content_span": [90, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068502-0007-0001", "contents": "1951 British Mount Everest reconnaissance expedition, Background, Expedition preparations\nMurray was to be leader, with Ward, Secord, Tom Bourdillon, and Alfred Tissier\u00e8s forming the initial party but when Eric Shipton turned up (after having been expelled from his post as British consul in Kunming, China) he was persuaded to take on the leadership. Shipton's prestige helped gain sponsorship from The Times.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 89], "content_span": [90, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068502-0008-0000", "contents": "1951 British Mount Everest reconnaissance expedition, Background, Expedition preparations\nShipton himself, discouraged by Tilman's discoveries, was not hopeful of finding a route \u2013 he rated the chances as 30 to one \u2013 but he was very keen to visit Solu Khumbu, the home of his pre-war Sherpa friends. Secord (from Canada) and Tissier\u00e8s (from Switzerland) had to withdraw. Keen to keep the party small, Shipton rejected various distinguished applicants, resulting in a party which now comprised only Shipton plus Tom Bourdillon, Bill Murray and Michael Ward.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 89], "content_span": [90, 556]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068502-0009-0000", "contents": "1951 British Mount Everest reconnaissance expedition, Background, Expedition preparations\nOnly after leaving for Delhi he agreed to accept two additional climbers \u2013 self-selected from the four New Zealand climbers who were just completing an expedition in Garhwal Himalaya It was Earle Riddiford and Ed Hillary who hurried to meet the rest of the team. With Ang Tharkay as sirdar and twelve Sherpas, the main party departed Jogbani on 27 August 1951; the New Zealanders caught up with them on 8 September at Dingla.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 89], "content_span": [90, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068502-0010-0000", "contents": "1951 British Mount Everest reconnaissance expedition, Background, Expedition preparations\nHillary was nervous about meeting Shipton, the most famous living Himalayan mountaineer, and was worried his own colonial upbringing might not be up to the standards expected by the English. He wrote later \"As we came into the room, four figures rose to meet us. My first feeling was one of relief. I had rarely seen a more disreputable bunch, and my visions of changing for dinner faded away for ever\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 89], "content_span": [90, 493]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068502-0011-0000", "contents": "1951 British Mount Everest reconnaissance expedition, Expedition, Khumbu Glacier and Icefall\nThe party took the same route as Houston and Tilman except for a minor detour at Dingla to avoid a bridge that had been swept away. After a month-long trek in the late monsoon they reached Namche Bazaar, and on 30 September Shipton and Hillary climbed sufficiently far up Pumori that they had the first good view up the Western Cwm.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 92], "content_span": [93, 425]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068502-0011-0001", "contents": "1951 British Mount Everest reconnaissance expedition, Expedition, Khumbu Glacier and Icefall\nThe Cwm sloped to a height of about 23,000 feet (7,000\u00a0m), which was 2,000 feet (610\u00a0m) higher than expected, so that a climb up the Lhotse glacier to about 25,000 feet (7,600\u00a0m) would lead to a traverse to the South Col. This was all encouraging but the Icefall looked to be a problem. All the same, Hillary was already able to look forward to a summit attempt in 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 92], "content_span": [93, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068502-0012-0000", "contents": "1951 British Mount Everest reconnaissance expedition, Expedition, Khumbu Glacier and Icefall\nMeanwhile, Riddiford and Sherpa Pasang had found a way through most of the lower icefall, but on 4 October Shipton, Hillary, Riddiford and Bourdillon with three Sherpas had reached 30 feet (9\u00a0m) below the crest of the icefall when a relatively minor avalanche decided Shipton to turn back. He was unwilling to risk the lives of the inexperienced Sherpas who could not make an informed decision about the considerable unavoidable risks. From Shipton's point of view they had determined that a possible route had been found, it could not be attempted in the conditions of deep snow then prevailing, and he wanted to see if there were alternative routes to the top from the east or west.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 92], "content_span": [93, 777]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068502-0013-0000", "contents": "1951 British Mount Everest reconnaissance expedition, Expedition, Exploration of Everest's southern foothills\nWard, Bourdillon, Riddiford and Murray started a three-week trek by heading west from the Khumbu valley, trying to find the Chola Khola. At the head of this valley they had been told (wrongly) that there was a pass into Tibet, presumably to the West Rongbuk Glacier. However, their map was inaccurate, and they had in fact reached the Ngojumba glacier, the main source of the Dudh Khosi river, at the foot of Cho Oyu. They went north along Cho Oyu's east face but could see no route towards its summit. They then headed for Nup La but progress was slowed by two considerable icefalls so they abandoned the attempt and travelled back to Namche Bazaar improving the mapping of the Chola Khola region as they went.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 109], "content_span": [110, 821]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068502-0014-0000", "contents": "1951 British Mount Everest reconnaissance expedition, Expedition, Exploration of Everest's southern foothills\nMeanwhile, Shipton and Hillary descended the Khumbu and then travelled east up the Imja glacier which is south of the Lhotse\u2013Nuptse wall. They hoped to find a pass over to the Barun glacier and thence a further pass west of Pethangse. However, they found no crossing to the Barun and so headed south down the Hongu glacier until eventually reaching the Barun. Since they were too far south to reach Pethangtse in the time available, they returned to Khumbu by crossing the south ridge of Ama Dablam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 109], "content_span": [110, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068502-0015-0000", "contents": "1951 British Mount Everest reconnaissance expedition, Expedition, Exploration of Everest's southern foothills\nThe entire party met up again and made another attempt to climb the Khumbu Icefall, but found there had been a major collapse of ice and the area was highly unstable. A few days later, on 28 October, conditions had improved and they reached the top of the icefall only to encounter a 100-yard (90\u00a0m) crevasse splitting the glacier from side to side and separating it from the almost horizontally-flowing glacier in the Western Cwm itself. They retreated after forming the opinion that ice conditions might be more stable for a springtime expedition, after the consolidation of the winter snows. On 30 October they were back at Namche Bazaar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 109], "content_span": [110, 751]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068502-0016-0000", "contents": "1951 British Mount Everest reconnaissance expedition, Expedition, Kathmandu via the Gaurishankar range\nThe party was to return home via Kathmandu to the west so they traversed the completely unexplored region between the Bhote Koshi river of Sola Khumbu and the Rongshar valley in Tibet. They crossed a new pass, naming it the Menlung La, and one side expedition reached the Nangpa La (which had been incorrectly positioned on their map) and spotted two possible routes up the northwest face of Cho Oyu. Another group discovered and named Menlungtse. They discovered and photographed some animal tracks that they could not identify, but which the Sherpas said were of a yeti. Passing north of Gaurishankar they headed southwest and then west to reach Kathmandu on 21 November.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 102], "content_span": [103, 776]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068502-0017-0000", "contents": "1951 British Mount Everest reconnaissance expedition, Aftermath, Preparations for 1953 expedition\nEven while they were still investigating the Khumbu Icefall, Shipton reported back to the Himalayan Committee that they had found \"a practicable route from the West Cwm to the summit of Mount Everest\". They intended to mount an expedition for 1952 to make an attempt on the summit. However, already in May 1951 Nepal had accepted a Swiss application to attempt Everest. Shipton went to Zurich to tell the Swiss of his findings and there were discussions about various ideas for a combined Swiss\u2013British team but nothing came of the proposals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 97], "content_span": [98, 640]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068502-0017-0001", "contents": "1951 British Mount Everest reconnaissance expedition, Aftermath, Preparations for 1953 expedition\nInstead, Nepal gave permission for the British Cho Oyu expedition in 1952 followed by Everest in 1953. In the longer term, all this favoured the British aspirations for Everest \u2013 the British would not have been ready in 1952 and the Swiss were to reciprocate the help Shipton had given them with practical advice about the mountain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 97], "content_span": [98, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068502-0018-0000", "contents": "1951 British Mount Everest reconnaissance expedition, Aftermath, Preparations for 1953 expedition\nThe 1952 Swiss Mount Everest expedition very nearly reached the summit, so the minds of the British mountaineering community and establishment became strongly focused on their 1953 slot, particularly because France had been granted an opportunity for 1954. Shipton had become well known and popular with the public and he was the obvious leader with a long and distinguished track record in Himalaya. He did, however, have broader perspectives than Everest and after Cho Oyu he did not return home but continued trekking with Hillary. Back in London things were stirring. Some climbers, including some of those on the Cho Oyu expedition, approached the Himalayan Committee about Shipton's perceived lack of drive and single-minded commitment plus poor planning and leadership in 1952 and the Committee did not disagree.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 97], "content_span": [98, 917]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068502-0019-0000", "contents": "1951 British Mount Everest reconnaissance expedition, Aftermath, Preparations for 1953 expedition\nThe most likely alternative leader was John Hunt, a colonel in the army who had been a member of the Alpine Club since 1935 and had mountaineering experience in the Karakoram and the Alps. He had climbed to 24,500 feet (7,500\u00a0m) and was only turned down for the 1936 British Mount Everest expedition because of an adverse (and incorrect) medical report about a heart murmur. During the war he had been an instructor for the Commando Mountain and Snow Warfare school in Scotland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 97], "content_span": [98, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068502-0019-0001", "contents": "1951 British Mount Everest reconnaissance expedition, Aftermath, Preparations for 1953 expedition\nHe was well known for his organisational abilities and he was friendly with several members of the Himalayan Committee, having been climbing in the Alps with the secretary Basil Goodfellow. Another option was Charles Wylie, a climber who spoke Nepalese fluently; he became the organising secretary. Hunt and Wylie were in the Army, so were experienced in logistics (and might be available immediately and free of charge).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 97], "content_span": [98, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068502-0020-0000", "contents": "1951 British Mount Everest reconnaissance expedition, Aftermath, Preparations for 1953 expedition\nWhen Shipton returned home and was called to a meeting of the Himalayan Committee on 28 July 1952, he still did not know his leadership had been called into question. His main opponents were not present and no one liked to tell him what had been happening. Shipton, indeed, expressed his own doubts about his leadership \u2013 he preferred small, exploratory, trekking-style expeditions and disliked a competitive element. Nonetheless, the committee said he was their choice as leader and supported his proposal for Charles Evans to be co-leader.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 97], "content_span": [98, 639]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068502-0020-0001", "contents": "1951 British Mount Everest reconnaissance expedition, Aftermath, Preparations for 1953 expedition\nBehind the scenes Hunt was offered the co-leadership and when the two men met and discovered they had been told different stories they were both dismayed. Hunt thought his chance at Everest had gone. At the next meeting of the committee, it was Shipton's allies who were not there and Shipton was asked to leave the room while the leadership was discussed. When he returned he was told his involvement could only be as co-leader and even that would have to be surrendered once Base Camp had been reached. He was told a man of \"dynamic personality, drive and enthusiasm\" was required. The Committee went on to send a telegram to Hunt appointing him as leader without waiting for Shipton to reply. Shipton decided he would not take part in the expedition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 97], "content_span": [98, 851]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068502-0021-0000", "contents": "1951 British Mount Everest reconnaissance expedition, Aftermath, Preparations for 1953 expedition\nThere was an outcry amongst active mountaineers. Bourdillon resigned his appointment to the 1953 expedition but was persuaded by Shipton to reconsider. Hillary sent a telegram \"Consider change most unwise. New Zealand climbers owe you considerable debt of gratitude\", although he privately criticized Shipton's leadership in his diary. Murray, however, whilst deploring the committee's methods, privately thought Hunt would be the better leader. Hunt returned to London in October and started with the preparations for the 1953 British Mount Everest expedition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 97], "content_span": [98, 659]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068503-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Brooklyn Dodgers season\nThe 1951 Brooklyn Dodgers led the National League for much of the season, holding a 13-game lead as late as August. However, a late season swoon and a hot streak by the New York Giants led to a classic three-game playoff series. Bobby Thomson's dramatic ninth-inning home run off Dodger reliever Ralph Branca in the final game won the pennant for the Giants and was immortalized as the Shot Heard 'Round the World.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068503-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 73], "content_span": [74, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068503-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068503-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068503-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 68], "content_span": [69, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068503-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 69], "content_span": [70, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068503-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Player stats, Shot Heard 'Round the World\nOne of the more famous episodes in major league baseball history, and possibly one of the greatest moments in sports history, the \"Shot Heard 'Round the World\" is the name given to Bobby Thomson's walk-off home run that clinched the National League pennant for the New York Giants over their rivals, the Brooklyn Dodgers. This game was the third of a three-game playoff series resulting from one of baseball's most memorable pennant races.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 71], "content_span": [72, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068503-0006-0001", "contents": "1951 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Player stats, Shot Heard 'Round the World\nThe Giants had been thirteen and a half games behind the league-leading Dodgers in August, but under Durocher's guidance and with the aid of a sixteen-game winning streak, caught the Dodgers to tie for the lead on the last day of the season. The radio broadcast of Bobby Thomson's pennant-winning home run was chronicled on a 1955 Columbia Masterworks vinyl LP record, \"The Greatest Moments in Sports.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 71], "content_span": [72, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068504-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Brooklyn by-election\nThe Brooklyn by-election 1951 was a by-election held in the Brooklyn electorate in Wellington during the 29th New Zealand Parliament, on 17 February 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068504-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Brooklyn by-election, Background\nThe by-election was caused by the death of incumbent MP Peter Fraser, who had been Prime Minister until 30 November 1949, on 17 December 1950 after a long illness. Labour's deputy leader, Walter Nash deliberately brought the election of leader to replace Fraser to before the by-election so that the if the Labour candidate was successful they would be unable to either participate or contest the position as only elected members of the caucus were eligible to stand. His decision caused a heated debate in caucus, though it was eventually voted for by a caucus majority of two to proceed with the early vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 37], "content_span": [38, 647]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068504-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Brooklyn by-election, Candidates, Communist Party\nThe Communist Party (CPNZ) initially offered not to contest the by-election, approaching the Labour Party to withdraw in their favour on condition that Labour adopt several CPNZ policy platforms, notably an immediate withdrawal of New Zealand troops in the Korean War. Labour (who supported the Korean War) rebuffed the offer so the CPNZ ran a candidate. Connie Birchfield, their candidate for Brooklyn in 1949, was selected to stand again.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 54], "content_span": [55, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068504-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Brooklyn by-election, Candidates, Labour Party\nThe Labour Party selected its president, former cabinet minister Arnold Nordmeyer, who had lost his seat of Oamaru in 1949. He was the sole nominee and therefore elected unopposed. There was initially speculation that the president of the Wellington Central branch Frank Kitts might stand. Kitts was a Wellington City Councillor and Labour's mayoral candidate in 1950, who was only narrowly defeated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 51], "content_span": [52, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068504-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Brooklyn by-election, Candidates, National Party\nJacobsen was chosen after winning a ballot of local party members.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 53], "content_span": [54, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068504-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Brooklyn by-election, Outcomes\nNordmeyer was elected with a 2.35% swing. While National had won the 1949 election, both the 1950 local body elections and the by-election result pointed to the fact that National's hold on power was tenuous. National's vote fell causing party officials concern over many urban seats which had been won in 1949 only by low majorities. Deputy Prime Minister Keith Holyoake denied that the government's popularity had been impaired and stated that Labour had not offered any worthy suggestions on how the problems of the day could be handled.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 35], "content_span": [36, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068505-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Brown Bears football team\nThe 1951 Brown Bears football team represented Brown University during the 1951 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068505-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Brown Bears football team\nIn their first season under head coach Alva Kelley, the Bears compiled a 2\u20137 record, and were outscored 222 to 124. J.A. Martland and J.J. Pietro were the team captains.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068505-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Brown Bears football team\nBrown played its home games at Brown Stadium in Providence, Rhode Island.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068506-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Brownlow Medal\nThe 1951 Brownlow Medal was the 24th year the award was presented to the player adjudged the fairest and best player during the Victorian Football League (VFL) home and away season. Bernie Smith of the Geelong Football Club won the medal by polling twenty-three votes during the 1951 VFL season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068507-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Bucknell Bison football team\nThe 1951 Bucknell Bison football team was an American football team that represented Bucknell University as an independent during the 1951 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068507-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Bucknell Bison football team\nIn its fifth season under head coach Harry Lawrence, the team compiled a 9\u20130 record. Robert R. Albert Jr. and George B. Young were the team captains.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068507-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Bucknell Bison football team\nThe team played its home games at Memorial Stadium on the university campus in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068508-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Buenos Aires Grand Prix (I)\nThe first of three 1951 Buenos Aires Grand Prix (official name: V Gran Premio del General Juan Per\u00f3n y de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires) was a Formula Libre Grand Prix motor race that took place on February 18, 1951, at the Costanero Norte street circuit in Buenos Aires, Argentina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068509-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Buenos Aires Grand Prix (II)\nThe second of three 1951 Buenos Aires Grand Prix (official name: V Gran Premio Extraordinario de Eva Duarte Per\u00f3n) was a Formula Libre Grand Prix motor race that took place on February 25, 1951, at the Costanero Norte street circuit in Buenos Aires, Argentina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068510-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Buenos Aires Grand Prix (III)\nThe third of three 1951 Buenos Aires Grand Prix (official name: Gran Premio de Eva Duarte Per\u00f3n - Sport) was a Sports Car Grand Prix motor race (over 1500cc S+1.5) that took place on March 18, 1951, at the Costanero Norte circuit in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The race was also known as the \"Buenos Aires National\" and was part of the Argentine Nationals racing series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068510-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Buenos Aires Grand Prix (III)\nResults from the 1951 Buenos Aires Grand Prix for Sports Cars:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068511-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Buffalo Bulls football team\nThe 1951 Buffalo Bulls football team was an American football team that represented the University of Buffalo as an independent during the 1951 college football season. In its fourth and final season under head coach James B. Wilson, the team compiled a 4\u20134 record. The team played its home games at Civic Stadium in Buffalo, New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068512-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Bulgarian Cup\nThe 1951 Bulgarian Cup was the 11th season of the Bulgarian Cup (in this period the tournament was named Cup of the Soviet Army). CSKA Sofia won the competition, beating Akademik Sofia 1\u20130 after extra time in the final at the People's Army Stadium in Sofia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068513-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Bulgarian Cup Final\nThe 1951 Bulgarian Cup Final was the 11th final of the Bulgarian Cup (in this period the tournament was named Cup of the Soviet Army), and was contested between CSKA Sofia and Akademik Sofia on 7 November 1951 at People's Army Stadium in Sofia. CSKA won the final 1\u20130 after extra time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068514-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Burwood state by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Burwood on 2 June 1951 because of the death of Gordon Jackett (Liberal).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068515-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 CCCF Championship\nThe 1951 CCCF Championship was played in Panama City, Panama, from 25 February to 4 March. Most member countries did not participate because of a polio epidemic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068515-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 CCCF Championship, Statistics, Goalscorers\nThere were 30 goals scored in 6 matches, for an average of 5 goals per match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 47], "content_span": [48, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068516-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Cal Aggies football team\nThe 1951 Cal Aggies football team represented the Northern Branch of the College of Agriculture in the 1951 college football season. The team was known as either the Cal Aggies or California Aggies, and competed in the Far Western Conference (FWC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068516-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Cal Aggies football team\nThe Aggies were led by third-year head coach Ted Forbes. They played home games at Aggie Field. The Aggies finished the regular season as champion of the FWC, with a record of five wins and three losses (5\u20133, 3\u20131 FWC). As FWC champion, they were invited to a post-season bowl game, the Pear Bowl, played in Medford, Oregon. They were beaten by Pacific (OR) in the game, bringing their final record to five wins and four losses (5\u20134, 3\u20131 FWC). They outscored their opponents 175\u2013160 for the 1951 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068516-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Cal Aggies football team, NFL Draft\nNo Cal Aggies players were selected in the 1952 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 40], "content_span": [41, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068517-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Cal Poly Mustangs football team\nThe 1951 Cal Poly Mustangs football team represented California Polytechnic State University during the 1951 college football season. Cal Poly competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068517-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Cal Poly Mustangs football team\nThe team was led by second-year head coach LeRoy Hughes and played home games at Mustang Stadium in San Luis Obispo, California. They finished the season with a record of five wins, four losses and one tie (5\u20134\u20131, 2\u20131\u20131 CCAA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068517-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Cal Poly Mustangs football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Cal Poly Mustangs were selected in the 1952 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 61], "content_span": [62, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068518-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Cal Poly San Dimas Broncos football team\nThe 1951 Cal Poly San Dimas Broncos football team represented Cal Poly Voorhis Unit during the 1951 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068518-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Cal Poly San Dimas Broncos football team\nCal Poly San Dimas was led by first-year head coach Don Rees in his only season at the helm. The Broncos finished the season with a record of one win and six losses (1\u20136). Overall, the team was outscored by its opponents 21\u2013244 for the season, including being shut out in four of the seven games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068518-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Cal Poly San Dimas Broncos football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Cal Poly San Dimas players were selected in the 1952 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 70], "content_span": [71, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068519-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Calgary Stampeders season\nThe 1951 Calgary Stampeders finished in 4th place in the W.I.F.U. with a 4\u201310 record and failed to qualify for the playoffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068520-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 California Golden Bears football team\nThe 1951 California Golden Bears football team was an American football team that represented the University of California, Berkeley during the 1951 college football season. Under head coach Pappy Waldorf, the team compiled an overall record of 8\u20132 and 5\u20132 in conference. Because of the two losses and unlike the previous three seasons, the Bears were not invited to play at the Rose Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068521-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Cambodian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Cambodia on 9 September 1951. The Democratic Party won 54 of the 78 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068522-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Campeonato Argentino de Rugby\nThe 1951 Campeonato Argentino de Rugby was won by the selection of Buenos Aires Province (\"Provincia\") that beat in the final the selection of Capital", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068522-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Campeonato Argentino de Rugby, Final\nProvincia\u00a0: H. Solveyra, E. Caffarone, A. Palma, J. L. Guidi, C. Arana, R. Giles, G. Ehrman, L. Allen, M. Sarand\u00f3n, R. Ochoa, J. S. Morganti (Cap. ), E. Dom\u00ednguez, R. Follet, C. Swain, C. Travaglini. Capital: M. A. Miguel Villar, D. Evans, E. Fern\u00e1ndez del Casal, R. Baz\u00e1n, K. Green, I. Comas, P. Felisari, C. Bertolotto, H. Fiorioli, J. O'Farrell, J. Piccardo, C. Morea, M. Lanusse, F. Erazun, R. Pont Lezica.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 41], "content_span": [42, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068523-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Campeonato Carioca\nThe 1951 edition of the Campeonato Carioca kicked off on August 4, 1951 and ended on January 20, 1952. It was organized by FMF (Federa\u00e7\u00e3o Metropolitana de Futebol, or Metropolitan Football Federation). Eleven teams participated. Fluminense won the title for the 16th time. no teams were relegated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068523-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Campeonato Carioca, System\nThe tournament would be disputed in a double round-robin format, with the team with the most points winning the title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068524-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Campeonato Paulista\nThe 1951 Campeonato Paulista da Primeira Divis\u00e3o, organized by the Federa\u00e7\u00e3o Paulista de Futebol, was the 50th season of S\u00e3o Paulo's top professional football league. Corinthians won the title for the 13th time. no teams were relegated and the top scorer was Corinthians's Carbone with 30 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068524-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Campeonato Paulista, Championship\nThe championship was disputed in a double-round robin system, with the team with the most points winning the title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068524-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Campeonato Paulista, Championship, Relegation Playoffs\nThe regulation stipulated that the last-placed team of the championship should dispute a best-of-four points series against the champions of the Second Level. After one win for each side in the first two matches, XV de Ja\u00fa and Jabaquara faced off in neutral ground for the third match of the series. After XV de Ja\u00fa scored the match's only goal, Jabaquara's players abandoned the pitch claiming that the goal had been irregular. This sparked a lengthy court battle that delayed the start of the championship of the next year, and ended with Jabaquara's relegation being cancelled.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 59], "content_span": [60, 640]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068525-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Campeonato Profesional\nThe 1951 Campeonato Profesional was the fourth season of Colombia's top-flight football league. 18 teams compete against one another and played each weekend. The tournament was notable for being the third year of El Dorado. Millonarios won the league for 2nd time in its history after getting 60 points. Deportes Caldas, the defending champion, was 10th with 34 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068525-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Campeonato Profesional, Background\nThe tournament was the third year of El Dorado. The debutants teams were Deportes Quind\u00edo and Deportivo Samarios, while Atl\u00e9tico Municipal changed its name to Atl\u00e9tico Nacional.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068525-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Campeonato Profesional, Background\nDeportivo Samarios was founded by the squad of the Hung\u00e1ria FC when it was disbanded. The first team consisted in 10 Colombians, 8 Hungarians, 2 Yugoslavs, 1 Austrian, 1 Argentine, 1 Italian and 1 Romanian. On August 11, Universidad appointed the poet Le\u00f3n de Greiff as executive of the team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068525-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Campeonato Profesional, League system\nEvery team played two games against each other team, one at home and one away. Teams received two points for a win and one point for a draw. If two or more teams were tied on points, places were determined by goal difference. The team with the most points is the champion of the league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 42], "content_span": [43, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068526-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Canadian Pacific Air Lines DC-4 disappearance\nThe 1951 Canadian Pacific Douglas DC-4 disappearance occurred on 21 July when a Douglas DC-4 four-engined piston airliner registered CF-CPC of Canadian Pacific Air Lines disappeared on a scheduled flight for the United Nations from Vancouver, Canada, to Tokyo, Japan. Neither the aircraft nor the 31 passengers and six crew have been found. The incident marked the first aircraft loss during the Korean Airlift.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068526-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Canadian Pacific Air Lines DC-4 disappearance, Accident\nAt 18:35 the DC-4 departed Vancouver International Airport, Canada on a scheduled flight to Tokyo; it was due to stop over at Anchorage Airport in Alaska. The flight was on schedule and reported at the Cape Spencer intersection in British Columbia 90 minutes out from Anchorage; it gave an estimate of 24:00 for Yakutat in Alaska. The weather in the area was heavy rain and icing conditions with a visibility of 500 feet. Nothing further was heard from the aircraft, and at 00:44 an emergency warning was issued when the aircraft was overdue to report. The United States Air Force and Royal Canadian Air Force carried out an extensive search but failed to find any trace of the aircraft or its 37 occupants. The search was finally called off on 31 October 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 60], "content_span": [61, 822]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068526-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Canadian Pacific Air Lines DC-4 disappearance, Aircraft\nThe aircraft, a Douglas DC-4 four-engined piston airliner had been built in 1944 for the United States Army Air Forces as a Douglas C-54A Skymaster but on delivery in June 1944 it was diverted to the United States Navy with the designation R5D-1. In 1946, it was converted to a civil Douglas DC-4 standard for Pan American Airlines as Clipper Winged Racer. It was sold to Canadian Pacific Airlines in 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 60], "content_span": [61, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068526-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Canadian Pacific Air Lines DC-4 disappearance, Passengers and crew\nAll the six crew were Canadian, and the passengers were 28 serving and civilian members of the United States armed forces and three United Nations officials.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 71], "content_span": [72, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068526-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Canadian Pacific Air Lines DC-4 disappearance, Passengers and crew\nAccording to the July 21, 1951, edition of the New York Times, however, first reports listed three of the passengers as United Nations officials, but United Nations headquarters in New York reported later that no members of its secretariat or other officials were aboard the craft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 71], "content_span": [72, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068526-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Canadian Pacific Air Lines DC-4 disappearance, Probable cause\nIn 1974, the Civil Aviation Authority (United Kingdom) reported: \"As no traces of the aircraft or its occupants has been found to date the cause of the disappearance has not been determined.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 66], "content_span": [67, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068527-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Canadian census\nThe 1951 Canadian Census was a detailed enumeration of the Canadian population. The total population count was 14,009,429, representing a 21.8% increase over the 1941 Census population count of 11,506,655. The 1951 Census was the ninth comprehensive decennial census since Canadian Confederation on 1 July 1867. The previous census was the Northwest Provinces of Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba 1946 census and the following census was the 1956 census\u00a0\u2013 the first quinquennial, rather than decennial, nationwide census.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068527-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Canadian census\nThis was the first census to include Newfoundland, having joined Confederation only two years prior.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068527-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Canadian census, Population by province\nOntario added the largest number of new residents since the 1941 census, while British Columbia saw the highest growth rate among the provinces, becoming the first western province to reach one million inhabitants. Saskatchewan experienced a second consecutive decade of population decline, falling behind both Alberta and British Columbia in size.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 44], "content_span": [45, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068528-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Cannes Film Festival\nThe 4th Cannes Film Festival was held from 3 to 20 April 1951. The previous year, no festival had been held because of financial reasons. In 1951, the festival took place in April instead of September to avoid direct competition with the Venice Film Festival.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068528-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Cannes Film Festival\nAs in the previous two festivals, the entire jury was made up of French persons. The Grand Prix of the Festival went to two different films, Miss Julie by Alf Sj\u00f6berg and Miracle in Milan by Vittorio De Sica.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068528-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Cannes Film Festival\nThe festival honoured Mich\u00e8le Morgan, Jean Marais and Jean Cocteau with the Victoire du cin\u00e9ma fran\u00e7ais award.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068528-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Cannes Film Festival, Jury\nThe following people were appointed as the Jury for the feature and short films.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 31], "content_span": [32, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068528-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Cannes Film Festival, Short films\nThe following short films competed for the Grand Prix du court m\u00e9trage:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 38], "content_span": [39, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068528-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Cannes Film Festival, Awards\nThe following films and people received the 1951 awards:Feature Films", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 33], "content_span": [34, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068529-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Caribbean Series\nThe third edition of the Caribbean Series (Serie del Caribe) was played in 1951. The Series inauguration on February 21 was delayed due to heavy rain and it was held from February 22 through February 26, including two double-headers on February 25, featuring the champion baseball teams of Cuba, Leones del Habana; Panama, Spur Cola Colonites; Puerto Rico, Cangrejeros de Santurce, and Venezuela, Navegantes del Magallanes. The format consisted of 12 games, each team facing the other teams twice, and the games were played at Cervecer\u00eda Caracas Stadium in Caracas, Venezuela.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 598]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068529-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Caribbean Series, Summary\nThe Puerto Rico team won the Series with a 5-1 record and was managed by George Scales. Their only defeat came from Cuba. The team was led by OF Luis Rodr\u00edguez Olmo, who was named Most Valuable Player after hitting .423 (11-for-26) with three home runs and nine RBI. Other contributions came from pitchers Pantalones Santiago (two complete-game wins), Rub\u00e9n G\u00f3mez (two wins, one save), 1B George Crowe (.333, one grand slam, 7 RBI), and SS Stan Breard (.423, seven runs, 4 doubles, 8 RBI). Also in the Puerto Rican roster were Jim Gilliam (2B), Buster Clarkson (3B), Bob Thurman (OF) and Willard Brown (OF).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 638]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068529-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Caribbean Series, Summary\nManaged by Mike Gonz\u00e1lez, Cuba finished in second place with a 4-2 mark. 1B Lorenzo Cabrera led the Series hitters with an astronomical .619 batting average (13-for-23), while the pitching staff was led by Adri\u00e1n Zabala (2-0), Hoyt Wilhelm (1-1) and Bill Ayers (1 win, 1 save). Also included in the roster were Sandy Amor\u00f3s (OF), Pedro Formental (OF), Bert Haas (3B), Spider Jorgensen (2B), Ed Mierkowicz (OF), Jiqu\u00ed Moreno (P) and Carlos Pascual (P).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068529-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Caribbean Series, Summary\nVenezuela was managed by L\u00e1zaro Salazar and finished 2-4, with both victories over Panama. The team was led by 1B Ren\u00e9 Gonz\u00e1lez, who hit .316 (6-for-19), including two doubles, two home runs and a Series-leading 11 RBI. Pitcher Jos\u00e9 Bracho posted a 1-0 record and a 0.71 ERA in 12\u2154 IP, helping himself with the bat while hitting .500 (3-for-6) with a double, one run and four RBIs. Other significant players in the roster included Luis Garc\u00eda (3B), Vidal L\u00f3pez (LF), Jim Pendleton (SS), Chucho Ramos (1B) and Ken Staples (C), as well as pitchers Frank Biscan, Julio Bracho, Alex Carrasquel and Clem Labine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 637]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068529-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Caribbean Series, Summary\nPanama ended with a 1-5 mark and was managed by catcher Le\u00f3n Kellman. The team's only victory came behind a strong pitching effort from starter Connie Johnson over the Cuban team, while 1B Archie Ware paced the offense in average (.348), hits (8) and RBI (4).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068530-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Census of India\nThe 1951 Census of India was the 9th in a series of censuses held in India every decade since 1872. It is also the first census after independence and Partition of India. 1951 census was also the first census to be conducted under 1948 Census of India Act.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068530-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Census of India\nThe population of India was counted as 361,088,090 (1:0.946 male:female) Total population increased by 42,427,510, 13.31% more than the 318,660,580 people counted during the 1941 census. No census was done for Jammu and Kashmir in 1951 and its figures were interpolated from 1941 and 1961 state census. National Register of Citizens for Assam (NRC) was prepared soon after the census. In 1951, at the time of the first population Census, just 18% of Indians were literate while life expectancy was 32 years. Based on 1951 census of displaced persons, 7,226,000 Muslims went to Pakistan (both West and East Pakistan) from India, while 7,249,000 Hindus and Sikhs moved to India from Pakistan (both West and East Pakistan).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 741]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068530-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Census of India, Language demographics\nSeparate figures for Hindi, Urdu, and Punjabi were not issued, due to the fact the returns were intentionally recorded incorrect in states such as East Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Delhi, PEPSU, and Bilaspur.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 43], "content_span": [44, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068530-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Census of India, Religious demographics\nHindus comprised 305 million (84.1%), Sikhs were 6.86 million (1.9%) and Muslims were 35.4 million (9.8%) in the 1951 census. 1951 Indian census showed that there were 8.3 million Christians. Hindus comprised about 73 per cent of the population of India before partition and  just after independence, Independent India in (1947) have roughly around 85 per cent Hindus.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 44], "content_span": [45, 413]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068531-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Central Michigan Chippewas football team\nThe 1951 Central Michigan Chippewas football team represented Central Michigan College of Education, renamed Central Michigan University in 1959, in the Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (IIAC) during the 1951 college football season. In their first season under head coach Kenneth \"Bill\" Kelly, the Chippewas compiled a 5\u20133 record (4\u20132 against IIAC opponents) and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 231 to 158.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068531-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Central Michigan Chippewas football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included quarterback Andy MacDonald with 1,560 passing yards, halfback Dave Clark with 301 rushing yards, and Porter Lewis with 272 receiving yards. Six Central Michigan players (McDonald, Clark, guard Loren Dietrich, halfback Dick Flewelling, tackle Jim Schultz, and guard Tom Weede) received first-team honors on the All-IIAC team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068531-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Central Michigan Chippewas football team\nCoach Kelly was hired by Central Michigan in March 1951. A native of Mt. Pleasant, Michigan, Kelly was a Central Michigan alumnus who had won a school record 13 varsity letters in football, basketball, tennis, and baseball. He had been the athletic director and head football and basketball coach at Saginaw Arthur Hill High School for nine years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068532-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Central Missouri State vs. Southwestern football game\nThe 1951 Central Missouri State vs. Southwestern football game was a college football game between the Central Missouri State Mules and the Southwestern Moundbuilders played on September 14, 1951. The game was played at Sonner Stadium in Winfield, Kansas. The game is known for a team rejecting a touchdown awarded by the game officials.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068532-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Central Missouri State vs. Southwestern football game\nCentral Missouri's head coach Tate C. Page called it \"the finest act of sportsmanship\" that he ever saw. In the third quarter, Southwestern halfback Arthur Johnson completed a long run down the sidelines nearest Southwestern's bench. The referee signalled a touchdown and the crowd of 2,000 went wild with enthusiasm.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068532-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Central Missouri State vs. Southwestern football game\nSouthwestern's head coach Harold Hunt ran out on the field  to shout, \"Southwestern rejects the touchdown!\" He then informed the officials that Johnson had stepped out of bounds, nullifying the touchdown. Not a single one of the referees had been in a position to see him do so, but they agreed to nullify the touchdown and returned the ball to the point where Coach Hunt said Johnson had stepped out. A photo of the run later confirmed Coach Hunt's observation and it was published in the Winfield Daily Courier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068532-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Central Missouri State vs. Southwestern football game\nReferee W. P. Astle noted that there had been only three officials at the game instead of the regulation four. He later said, \"If the fourth official had been present to cover what was impossible for me to cover ... I would never have discovered the \u2018biggest\u2019 man I ever met.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068532-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Central Missouri State vs. Southwestern football game\nSouthwestern's Coach Hunt was nominated for \"Football's Man of the Year\" by This Week magazine because of this display of sportsmanship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068533-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Challenge Desgrange-Colombo\nThe 1951 Challenge Desgrange-Colombo was the fourth edition of the Challenge Desgrange-Colombo. It included eleven races: all the races form the 1950 edition were retained with the addition of Li\u00e8ge\u2013Bastogne\u2013Li\u00e8ge. Paris\u2013Tours moved from a spring slot to an autumn slot. Louison Bobet won the competition by a single point to 1950 champion Ferdinand K\u00fcbler. France won their first nations championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068534-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Chatham Cup\nThe 1951 Chatham Cup was the 24th annual nationwide knockout football competition in New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068534-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Chatham Cup\nThe competition was run on a regional basis, with regional associations each holding separate qualifying rounds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068534-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Chatham Cup\nTeams taking part in the final rounds are known to have included Eastern Suburbs (Auckland), Huntly Thistle, New Plymouth Old Boys, Napier High School Old Boys, Wanganui Old Boys, St. Andrews (Manawatu), Petone, Woodbourne (Marlborough), Riccarton, Northern (Dunedin), and Invercargill Thistle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068534-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Chatham Cup, the 1951 final\nEastern Suburbs' Reg King became the sixth player - and the first since 1945 - to score a hat-trick in a Chatham Cup final. Eastern Suburbs' John Jakens set an unusual record, gaining his third consecutive winners medal, gaining those medals playing for three different teams (he had previously won with Petone in 1949 and Eden in 1950). The first half of the final was even with Northern having the better of the opening minutes and gaining the lead through Trevor McFarlane. Tony Frogley levelled the scores before the break.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 32], "content_span": [33, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068534-0003-0001", "contents": "1951 Chatham Cup, the 1951 final\nThe second half was entirely Eastern Suburbs', despite playing much of it with ten men after Frogley left the field injured (this was in the days before substitutes were allowed). Centre-forward King put the Aucklanders ahead, and the lead was soon doubled by Jack Anderson. King scored twice more late on to complete an emphatic win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 32], "content_span": [33, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068535-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Chattanooga Moccasins football team\nThe 1951 Chattanooga Moccasins football team was an American football team that represented the University of Chattanooga (now known as the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga) as an independent during the 1951 college football season. In its 21st year under head coach Scrappy Moore, the team compiled a 6\u20135 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068536-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Chicago Bears season\nThe 1951 season was the Chicago Bears' 32nd in the National Football League. The team failed to improve on their 9\u20133 record from 1950 and finished at 7\u20135 under head coach and owner George Halas, fourth in the NFL's National Conference, but only a game behind winner Los Angeles, the eventual league champion. This season was a drop off from theprevious season's  tiebreaker playoff appearance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068536-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Chicago Bears season\nThe Bears lost twice to the crosstown Cardinals, who won just three games. The season finale was played in frigid conditions at Wrigley Field and cost the Bears a share of the conference title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068536-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Chicago Bears season, Regular season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 52], "content_span": [53, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068537-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Chicago Cardinals season\nThe 1951 Chicago Cardinals season was the 32nd season the team was in the league. The team failed to improve on their previous output of 5\u20137, winning only three games. They failed to qualify for the playoffs for the third consecutive season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068537-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Chicago Cardinals season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 40], "content_span": [41, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068538-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Chicago Cubs season\nThe 1951 Chicago Cubs season was the 80th season of the Chicago Cubs franchise, the 76th in the National League and the 36th at Wrigley Field. The Cubs finished eighth and last in the National League with a record of 62\u201392.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068538-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 69], "content_span": [70, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068538-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 62], "content_span": [63, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068538-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 67], "content_span": [68, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068538-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 64], "content_span": [65, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068538-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 65], "content_span": [66, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068539-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Chicago White Sox season\nThe 1951 Chicago White Sox season was the team's 51st season in the major leagues, and its 52nd season overall. They finished with a record 81\u201373, good for fourth place in the American League, 17 games behind the first place New York Yankees.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068539-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Chicago White Sox season, Regular season\nIn 1951, the White Sox began using a bullpen car.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 95]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068539-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Batting\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; R = Runs scored; H = Hits; 2B = Doubles; 3B = Triples; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in; BB = Base on balls; SO = Strikeouts; AVG = Batting average; SB = Stolen bases", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 52], "content_span": [53, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068539-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Pitching\nNote: W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; G = Games pitched; GS = Games started; SV = Saves; IP = Innings pitched; H = Hits allowed; R = Runs allowed; ER = Earned runs allowed; HR = Home runs allowed; BB = Walks allowed; K = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 53], "content_span": [54, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068540-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Chicago mayoral election\nIn the Chicago mayoral election of 1951, Democrat Martin H. Kennelly was reelected, defeating Republican Robert L. Hunter by a double-digit margin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068540-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Chicago mayoral election, Background\nThe state of Illinois in 1944 had passed legislation which aimed to tighten the state's previously overly-lax voter registration laws. One measure of this was that, after the November elections in presidential election years, county clerks would begin the process canceling the registration of those who had not voted in the previous four years. There were a number of other measures which would result in the cancellation of voter registrations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068540-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Chicago mayoral election, General election\nHunter attacked Kennelly, characterizing him as a \"do-nothing mayor\". He called for the defeat of not just Kenelly, but of the political machine that had put him forth for mayor. He argued that big-city Democratic machines needed to be defeated in order to save the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068540-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Chicago mayoral election, General election\nThe Chicago Tribune and Hunter's candidacy were initially closely linked. Hunter would meet twice or thrice weekly with the newspaper's editor Don Maxwell. He effectively adopted their editorials as his own campaign platform. For instance, he adopted the Tribune's stance against municipal ownership of the water supply. The Tribune, and therefore Hunter, blamed the local Democratic Party for having helped President Harry S. Truman win reelection. They therefore litigated what they regarded to have been Truman's misdeeds as presidents, including extending New Deal policies and entering the nation into the Korean War.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 670]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068540-0003-0001", "contents": "1951 Chicago mayoral election, General election\nLocal Republicans campaigning for Hunter, including Senator Everett Dirksen, regularly focused their campaign on national and international issues such as the Cold War and the Korean War. They also accused Kennelly of \"dodging\" national issues. Illinois' Democratic Governor Adlai Stevenson II derided the Republicans' national-politics focused approach to a local election as, \"a political absurdity\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 450]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068540-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Chicago mayoral election, General election\nThe Tribune weakened its support of Hunter after he attacked Commonwealth Edison's new contract with the city under Kennelly, since the chairman of the board for Commonwealth Edison was also on Tribune Company board of directors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068540-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Chicago mayoral election, General election\nThe election generated very little interest, contributing to its low turnout.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068540-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 Chicago mayoral election, General election\nContributing to voter apathy may have been findings by the United States Senate Special Committee to Investigate Crime in Interstate Commerce that shined a negative light on the underworld of Chicago politics. Findings by this committee also harmed Kennelly, as he was perceived by the electorate to have done little to stamp out organized crime in the city. However, Hunter also failed to demonstrate to voters ability on his part to solve the crime issue in the city, and refused to take any strong stance against elements of the Republican party that were allied with gangsters", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 628]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068540-0007-0000", "contents": "1951 Chicago mayoral election, General election\nKennelly had, by 1951, seen a loss of support among African American electorate that had strongly supported him four years earlier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068540-0008-0000", "contents": "1951 Chicago mayoral election, General election, Results\nKenelly won 34 wards. Hunter defeated Kenelly in sixteen wards, more than double the number of wards that Kennelly had lost four years before.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068541-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Chico State Wildcats football team\nThe 1951 Chico State Wildcats football team represented Chico State College during the 1951 college football season. Chico State competed in the Far Western Conference in 1951. They played home games at Chico High School in Chico, California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068541-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Chico State Wildcats football team\nThe 1951 Wildcats were led by second-year head coach Paul J. Smith. Chico State finished the season winless, with a record of zero wins and seven losses (0\u20137, 0\u20134 FWC). The Wildcats were outscored by their opponents 53\u2013214 for the season. This was the last season coach Smith was at the helm. In his two years, the Wildcats compiled a record of 2\u201313, a .133 winning percentage. This is the worst winning percentage of any coach in Chico State football history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068541-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Chico State Wildcats football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Chico State players were selected in the 1952 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 64], "content_span": [65, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068542-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Cincinnati Bearcats football team\nThe 1951 Cincinnati Bearcats football team was an American football team that represented the University of Cincinnati as a member of the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1951 college football season. The Bearcats were led by head coach Sid Gillman and compiled a 10\u20131 record and were named MAC Champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068543-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Cincinnati Reds season\nThe 1951 Cincinnati Reds season was a season in American baseball. The team finished sixth in the National League with a record of 68\u201386, 28\u00bd games behind the New York Giants.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068543-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 72], "content_span": [73, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068543-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 65], "content_span": [66, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068543-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068543-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 67], "content_span": [68, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068543-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 68], "content_span": [69, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068544-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Claxton Shield\nThe 1951 Claxton Shield was the 12th annual Claxton Shield, and was held in Adelaide from 28 July to 4 August. The participants were hosts South Australia, defending champions New South Wales, Victoria, Western Australia and Queensland. The series was won by an undefeated New South Wales, their sixth Shield title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068545-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Clemson Tigers football team\nThe 1951 Clemson Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Clemson College in the Southern Conference during the 1951 college football season. In its 12th season under head coach Frank Howard, the team compiled a 7\u20133 record (3\u20131 against conference opponents), finished fifth in the Southern Conference, was tied with Holy Cross at No. 19 in the final AP Poll, lost to Miami (FL) in the 1952 Gator Bowl, and outscored all opponents by a total of 196 to 97. The team played its home games at Memorial Stadium in Clemson, South Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 594]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068545-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Clemson Tigers football team\nBob Patton was the team captain. The team's statistical leaders included tailback Billy Hair with 1,004 passing yards and 698 rushing yards and end Glenn Smith with 42 points (7 touchdowns).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068545-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Clemson Tigers football team\nBilly Hair and Glenn Smith were selected as first-team players on the 1951 All-Southern Conference football team. Four Clemson players were named to the All-South Carolina football team for 1951: Hair, Smith, tackle Bob Patton, and guard Dan DiMucci.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068546-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Cleveland Browns season\nThe 1951 Cleveland Browns season was the team's second season with the National Football League. Dub Jones set an NFL record with six touchdowns in one game versus the Chicago Bears.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068546-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Cleveland Browns season, Offseason and roster moves\nCleveland won the NFL championship in 1950, its first year in the league after four seasons in the defunct All-America Football Conference. Head coach Paul Brown made a number of roster moves in the offseason, including bringing in fullback Chick Jagade, end Bob Oristaglio and defensive backs Don Shula and Carl Taseff.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 56], "content_span": [57, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068546-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Cleveland Browns season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 39], "content_span": [40, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068547-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Cleveland Indians season\nThe 1951 Cleveland Indians season was a season in American baseball. The team finished second in the American League with a record of 93\u201361, 5 games behind the New York Yankees.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068547-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 74], "content_span": [75, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068547-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 67], "content_span": [68, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068547-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068547-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068547-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 70], "content_span": [71, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068548-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Cleveland mayoral election\nThe Cleveland mayoral election of 1951 saw the reelection of Thomas A. Burke to a fourth consecutive term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068549-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Colchester Borough Council election\nElections to Colchester Borough Council took place on 11 May 1951. This was on the same day as other local elections across the United Kingdom.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068550-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Colgate Red Raiders football team\nThe 1951 Colgate Red Raiders football team was an American football team that represented Colgate University as an independent during the 1951 college football season. In its fifth and final season under head coach Paul Bixler, the team compiled a 4\u20135 record and was outscored by a total of 187 to 184. William Owens was the team captain. The team played its home games at Colgate Athletic Field in Hamilton, New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068551-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 College Baseball All-America Team\nAn All-American team is an honorary sports team composed of the best amateur players of a specific season for each team position\u2014who in turn are given the honorific \"All-America\" and typically referred to as \"All-American athletes\", or simply \"All-Americans\". Although the honorees generally do not compete together as a unit, the term is used in U.S. team sports to refer to players who are selected by members of the national media. Walter Camp selected the first All-America team in the early days of American football in 1889.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 569]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068551-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 College Baseball All-America Team\nFrom 1947 to 1980, the American Baseball Coaches Association was the only All-American selector recognized by the NCAA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068552-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 College Football All-America Team\nThe 1951 College Football All-America team is composed of college football players who were selected as All-Americans by various organizations and writers that chose College Football All-America Teams in 1951. The eight selectors recognized by the NCAA as \"official\" for the 1951 season are (1) the All-American Board (AAB), (2) the American Football Coaches Association (AFCA, (3) the Associated Press (AP), (4) the Football Writers Association of America (FWAA), (5) the International News Service (INS), (6) the Newspaper Enterprise Association (NEA), (7) the Sporting News and (8) the United Press (UP).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 646]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068552-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 College Football All-America Team, Consensus All-Americans\nFor the year 1951, the NCAA recognizes eight published All-American teams as \"official\" designations for purposes of its consensus determinations. The following chart identifies the NCAA-recognized consensus All-Americans and displays which first-team designations they received.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 63], "content_span": [64, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068553-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 College World Series\nThe 1951 College World Series was the fifth NCAA-sanctioned baseball tournament that determined a national champion. The tournament was held as the conclusion of the 1951 NCAA baseball season and was played at Johnny Rosenblatt Stadium in Omaha, Nebraska from June 13 to June 17. The tournament's champion was the Oklahoma Sooners, coached by Jack Baer. The Most Outstanding Player was Sidney Hatfield of Tennessee. Oklahoma won national championships in football, wrestling, and baseball in the 1950\u201351 academic year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068553-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 College World Series\nThe tournament consisted of no preliminary round of play as teams were selected directly into the College World Series. From 1954 to the present, teams compete in the NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament preliminary round(s), to determine the eight teams that will play in the College World Series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068554-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Colombian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Colombia on 16 September 1951 to elect the Senate and Chamber of Representatives. Although the Liberal Party boycotted the elections, some Liberals from the Populares faction did stand. As a result of the boycott, the seats reserved for the minority party were left vacant, whilst the Conservative Party won the remainder.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068555-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Colorado A&M Aggies football team\nThe 1951 Colorado A&M Aggies football team represented Colorado State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts in the Skyline Conference during the 1951 college football season. In their fifth season under head coach Bob Davis, the Aggies compiled a 5\u20134\u20131 record (3\u20133\u20131 against Skyline opponents), finished fourth in the Skyline Conference, and outscored all opponents by a total of 242 to 158.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068556-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Colorado Buffaloes football team\nThe 1951 Colorado Buffaloes football team was an American football team that represented the University of Colorado during the 1951 college football season. Head coach Dallas Ward led the team to a 5\u20131 mark in the \"Big 7\" and 7\u20133 overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068557-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Columbia Lions football team\nThe 1951 Columbia Lions football team was an American football team that represented Columbia University as an independent during the 1951 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068557-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Columbia Lions football team\nIn their 22nd season under head coach Lou Little, the Lions compiled a 5\u20133 record, and outscored their opponents 149 to 103. Howard Hansen was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068557-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Columbia Lions football team\nOnly eight games were played, rather than the usual nine, because two Columbia players were stricken with polio late in the preseason, prompting the team to pull out of its planned season opener at Princeton. When testing showed that no other team members were affected, the Lions went ahead with the remaining eight games of their schedule.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068557-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Columbia Lions football team\nColumbia played its home games at Baker Field in Upper Manhattan, in New York City.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068558-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Columbus, Ohio mayoral election\nThe Columbus mayoral election of 1951 was the 69th mayoral election in Columbus, Ohio. It was held on Tuesday, November 6, 1951. During the primary nomination on August 14, 1951, the Columbus electorate nominated two Republicans, incumbent mayor Jim Rhodes and former mayor Floyd F. Green, to compete in the general election. Incumbent mayor Rhodes defeated Green.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068559-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference\nThe 1951 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference was the fifth Meeting of the Heads of Government of the British Commonwealth. It was held in the United Kingdom in January 1951, and was hosted by that country's Prime Minister, Clement Attlee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068559-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference\nThe principal topic of the conference was the Korean War with the summit issuing a declaration, proposed by Australian prime minister Robert Menzies, stating that the Commonwealth prime ministers \"would welcome any feasible arrangement for a frank exchange of views with Stalin and Mao Tse-tung.\" The Commonwealth leaders also called for peace treaty negotiations with Japan to be concluded as soon as possible (see Treaty of San Francisco).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068560-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Connecticut Huskies football team\nThe 1951 Connecticut Huskies football team represented the University of Connecticut in the 1951 college football season. The Huskies were led by second year head coach Arthur Valpey, and completed the season with a record of 4\u20134.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068561-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Copa Rio\nThe 1951 Copa Rio was the first edition of the Copa Rio, the first intercontinental club football tournament with teams from Europe and South America, held in Rio de Janeiro and S\u00e3o Paulo from 30 June to 22 July. Participant clubs were divided into two zones of four teams, playing each other once in a single round-robin tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068561-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Copa Rio\nThe tournament featured players such as Vav\u00e1, Ademir of Vasco da Gama, Jair da Rosa Pinto of Palmeiras, Jos\u00e9 Santamar\u00eda, Walter Taibo, goalkeeper Anibal Paz, Luis Volpi of Nacional, Branko Stankovic, Rajko Mitic of Red Star Belgrade, Giampiero Boniperti, Danish Karl Aage Pr\u00e6st and John Hansen of Juventus, Jos\u00e9 Travassos of Sporting Lisbon, and Swedish Lennart Samuelsson and Antoine Bonifaci of Nice. Juventus's coach was legendary Hungarian Gy\u00f6rgy S\u00e1rosi.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068561-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Copa Rio\nThe final was played in a two-legged format, contested by Brazilian team Palmeiras and Italian side Juventus. Palmeiras won the series 2\u20131 on points, achieving their first Copa Rio trophy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068562-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Copa del General\u00edsimo\nThe 1951 Copa del General\u00edsimo was the 49th staging of the Copa del Rey, the Spanish football cup competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068562-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Copa del General\u00edsimo\nThe competition began on 29 April 1951 and concluded on 27 May 1951 with the final. FC Barcelona defeated Real Sociedad by 3\u20130 in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068563-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Copa del General\u00edsimo Final\nThe Copa del General\u00edsimo 1951 Final was the 49th final of the King's Cup. The final was played at Estadio Chamart\u00edn in Madrid, on 27 May 1951, being won by CF Barcelona, who beat Real Sociedad de F\u00fatbol 3\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068564-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Copa del General\u00edsimo Juvenil\nThe 1951 Copa del General\u00edsimo Juvenil was the first staging of the tournament. The competition began on 29 April 1951, and ended on 27 May 1951, with the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068565-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship\nThe 1951 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship was the 42nd staging of the Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1909.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068565-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship\nShanballymore won the championship following a 2-06 to 1-04 defeat of Midleton in the final. This was their second championship title overall and their first title since 1943.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068566-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Cork Senior Football Championship\nThe 1951 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 63rd staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068566-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Cork Senior Football Championship\nOn 21 October 1951, Collins won the championship following a 2-03 to 1-05 defeat of St. Nicholas' in the final at the Cork Athletic Grounds. This was their third championship title overall and their first title since 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068567-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Cork Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1951 Cork Senior Hurling Championship was the 62nd staging of the Cork Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887. The draw for the opening round fixtures took place at the Cork Convention on 21 January 1951. The championship began on 8 April 1951 and ended on 7 October 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068567-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Cork Senior Hurling Championship\nOn 7 October 1951, Sarsfields won the championship following a 5-8 to 3-7 defeat of Glen Rovers in the final. This was their first championship title ever.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068568-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Cornell Big Red football team\nThe 1951 Cornell Big Red football team was an American football team that represented Cornell University as an independent during the 1951 college football season. In its fifth season under head coach George K. James, the team compiled a 6\u20133 record and outscored its opponents 207 to 139. Vic Pujo was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068568-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Cornell Big Red football team\nCornell played its home games at Schoellkopf Field in Ithaca, New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068569-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Cotton Bowl Classic\nThe 1951 Cotton Bowl Classic was the 15th annual game, and it featured the Tennessee Volunteers and the Texas Longhorns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068569-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Cotton Bowl Classic, Background\nCherry led the Longhorns to a perfect 6-0 SWC record in his final season as the Horns won their first Southwest Conference since the 1945 team. This was their first bowl game since 1949 and first Cotton Bowl Classic since 1946. Tennessee was in their first bowl game since 1947 and first ever Cotton Bowl Classic. They finished 2nd in the Southeastern Conference due to not playing the same amount of conference games as SEC champ Kentucky, who they beat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 36], "content_span": [37, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068569-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Cotton Bowl Classic, Game summary\nMidway through the first quarter, John Gruble scored on a 5-yard touchdown catch from Herky Payne set up by a Hank Lauricella 75 yard run. Coincidentally, another Lauricella play would set the Longhorns up to score. Early in the second quarter the Vols were pinned in their own 10 on 4th down as Lauricella set up to punt. But his punt was blocked by Jim Lansford and the Longhorns recovered at the 8. On fourth and goal, the Longhorns scored on a Byron Townsend 5 yard touchdown run.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068569-0002-0001", "contents": "1951 Cotton Bowl Classic, Game summary\nFour minutes before the half ended, Gib Dawson caught a 35-yard touchdown pass from Ben Thompkins to give them the lead at halftime. But the Volunteers drove 82 yards in 16 plays and it culminated with an Andy Kozar touchdown run with ten minutes remaining. But Pat Shires' kick went wide as the Horns still led 14-13. But on the ensuing drive, the Longhorns fumbled the ball and Jimmy Hill recovered to give the Vols a chance at Texas' own 43. Five plays later, Andy Kozar ran into the end zone for the winning touchdown with 3:11 remaining. The Longhorns never seriously threatened after that as the Volunteers won their first Cotton Bowl Classic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 688]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068569-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Cotton Bowl Classic, Aftermath\nCherry was suffering from ulcers and insomnia before he retired and it was implied in his article soon after that fan/media criticism despite his 32-10-1 record led to his retirement. But the Horns would play in the Cotton Bowl Classic two years later under his replacement, Ed Price and later went to five Cotton Bowls in the 1960s under a new head coach, Darrell Royal. The Volunteers were recognized by several voting sources (National Championship Foundation, Billingley, CFRA, Massy, Dunkel, DeVold, CFI, Frye, Fleming System, Howell, Maxwell, Sorensen) as the 1950 Champion over Oklahoma, so the school claims the title. The Volunteers' next Cotton Bowl was also against Texas, in 1953, which was Coach Neyland's final game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 35], "content_span": [36, 766]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068570-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 County Championship\nThe 1951 County Championship was the 52nd officially organised running of the County Championship, and ran from 5 May to 4 September 1951. Warwickshire County Cricket Club claimed their second title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068570-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 County Championship, Table\nNote: Pld = Played, W = Wins, L = Losses, LWF = Lost but won on 1st innings, DWF = Won on 1st innings in drawn match, DTF = Tied on 1st innings in drawn match, DLF = Lost on 1st innings in drawn match, ND = No Decision on 1st innings, Pts = Points, (C) = Champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 31], "content_span": [32, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068571-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Coupe de France Final\nThe 1951 Coupe de France Final was a football match held at Stade Olympique Yves-du-Manoir, Colombes on May 6, 1951, that saw RC Strasbourg defeat US Valenciennes-Anzin 3\u20130 thanks to goals by Ren\u00e9 Bihel, Raymond Krug and Andr\u00e9 Nagy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068572-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Crit\u00e9rium du Dauphin\u00e9 Lib\u00e9r\u00e9\nThe 1951 Crit\u00e9rium du Dauphin\u00e9 Lib\u00e9r\u00e9 was the 5th edition of the cycle race and was held from 10 June to 17 June 1951. The race started and finished in Grenoble. The race was won by Nello Lauredi of the Helyett team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068573-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Cup of the Ukrainian SSR\nThe 1951 Ukrainian Cup was a football knockout competition conducting by the Football Federation of the Ukrainian SSR and was known as the Ukrainian Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068574-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei\nThe 1951 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei is the 14th edition of Romania's most prestigious football cup competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068574-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei\nThe title was won by CCA Bucure\u0219ti against Flac\u0103ra Media\u015f.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 77]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068574-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei, Format\nIn the first round proper, two pots were made, first pot with Divizia A teams and other teams till 16 and the second pot with the rest of teams qualified in this phase. First pot teams will play away. Each tie is played as a single leg.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 26], "content_span": [27, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068574-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei, Format\nIf a match is drawn after 90 minutes, the game goes in extra time, and if the scored is still tight after 120 minutes, the team who plays away will qualify.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 26], "content_span": [27, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068574-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei, Format\nIn case the teams are from same city, there a replay will be played.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 26], "content_span": [27, 95]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068574-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei, Format\nIn case the teams play in the final, there a replay will be played.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 26], "content_span": [27, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068574-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei, Format\nFrom the first edition, the teams from Divizia A entered in competition in sixteen finals, rule which remained till today.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 26], "content_span": [27, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068575-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei Final\nThe 1951 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei Final was the 14th final of Romania's most prestigious football cup competition. It was disputed between CCA Bucure\u0219ti and Flac\u0103ra Media\u015f, and was won by CCA Bucure\u0219ti after a game with 4 goals. It was the third cup title in the history of CCA Bucure\u0219ti.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068575-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei Final\nFlac\u0103ra Media\u015f was the second club representing Divizia B which reached the Romanian Cup final, after CAM Timi\u0219oara which accomplished this in 1938.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068576-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Czechoslovak First League, Overview\nIt was contested by 14 teams, and NV Bratislava won the championship. Alois Jaro\u0161 was the league's top scorer with 16 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068577-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Czechoslovak peace pact referendum\nA referendum on a peace pact for the five great powers was held in Czechoslovakia between 26 May and 17 June 1951. The referendum was in the form of a petition which voters could sign as being for or against. Over 99% signed as being for the proposal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068578-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 DDR-Oberliga (ice hockey) season\nThe 1951 DDR-Oberliga season was the third season of the DDR-Oberliga, the top level of ice hockey in East Germany. Four teams participated in the league, and BSG Ostglas Wei\u00dfwasser won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068579-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Dartmouth Indians football team\nThe 1951 Dartmouth Indians football team was an American football team that represented Dartmouth College as an independent during the 1951 college football season. In their ninth season under head coach Tuss McLaughry, the Indians compiled a 4\u20135 record, and were outscored 152 to 121 by their opponents. William Vesprini was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068579-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Dartmouth Indians football team\nDartmouth played its home games at Memorial Field on the college campus in Hanover, New Hampshire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068580-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Davis Cup\nThe 1951 Davis Cup was the 40th edition of the most important tournament between national teams in men's tennis. 21 teams entered the Europe Zone, and 5 teams entered the America Zone. The Europe Zone began using a seeding system, where the previous year's quarterfinalists were guaranteed a bye in the first round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068580-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Davis Cup\nThe United States defeated Canada in the America Zone final, and Sweden defeated West Germany in the Europe Zone final. The USA defeated Sweden in the Inter-Zonal play-off, but fell to defending champions Australia in the Challenge Round. The final was played at White City Stadium in Sydney, Australia on 26\u201328 December.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068581-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Davis Cup America Zone\nThe America Zone was one of the two regional zones of the 1951 Davis Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068581-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Davis Cup America Zone\n5 teams entered the America Zone, with the winner going on to compete in the Inter-Zonal Final against the winner of the Europe Zone. The United States defeated Canada in the final, and went on to face Sweden in the Inter-Zonal Final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068582-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Davis Cup Europe Zone\nThe Europe Zone was one of the two regional zones of the 1951 Davis Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068582-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Davis Cup Europe Zone\n21 teams entered the Europe Zone, with the winner going on to compete in the Inter-Zonal Final against the winner of the America Zone. A seeding system was introduced for the first time, where the previous year's quarterfinalists were guaranteed a bye in the first round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068582-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Davis Cup Europe Zone\nSweden defeated West Germany in the final, and went on to face the United States in the Inter-Zonal Final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068583-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Dayton Flyers football team\nThe 1951 Dayton Flyers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Dayton as an independent during the 1951 college football season. In their fifth season under head coach Joe Gavin, the Flyers compiled a 7\u20133 record and lost to Houston in the 1952 Salad Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068584-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens football team\nThe 1951 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens football team was an American football team that represented the University of Delaware as an independent during the 1951 college football season. The team compiled a 5\u20133 record and outscored opponents by a total of 173 to 109. John DeGasperis was the team captain. The team played its home games at Wilmington Park in Wilmington, Delaware", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068584-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens football team\nDavid M. Nelson was hired as the program's head football coach in February 1951. He head previously served as the head football coach and athletic director at the University of Maine. Nelson served as the head coach until 1965 and as athletic director until 1984.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068585-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Delaware State Hornets football team\nThe 1951 Delaware State Hornets football team represented Delaware State College\u2014now known as Delaware State University\u2014as a member of the Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association (CIAA) in the 1951 college football season. Led by coach Willard S. Jones in his first year, the Hornets compiled a 2\u20137 record, being shut out four times and outscored 41 to 158.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068586-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Delta State Statesmen football team\nThe 1951 Delta State Statesmen football team was an American football team that represented Delta State Teachers College (now known as the Delta State University) as an independent during the 1951 college football season. In their fourth year under head coach Gene Chadwick, the team compiled a 1\u20138 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068587-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Denver Pioneers football team\nThe 1951 Denver Pioneers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Denver in the Mountain States Conference (MSC) during the 1951 college football season. In its fourth season under head coach Johnny Baker, the team compiled a 6\u20134 record (4\u20133 against MSC opponents), finished third in the conference, and outscored opponents by a total of 283 to 133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068588-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Detroit Lions season\nThe 1951 Detroit Lions season was their 22nd in the league. They were 7\u20134\u20131, tied for second in the National Conference, a half game behind the Los Angeles Rams. A loss at San Francisco in the regular season finale cost the Lions the conference title, and they failed to qualify for the playoffs for a sixteenth consecutive season. The team improved on their previous season's output of 6\u20136.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068588-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Detroit Lions season\nIn their 52\u201335 win over the Green Bay Packers on Thanksgiving, Detroit became the first team in NFL history to score three touchdowns of 70 yards or more in one quarter (a run and two punt returns in the third period). It was the first of thirteen consecutive appearances for the Packers in Detroit on Thanksgiving, through 1963.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068588-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Detroit Lions season, Regular season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 52], "content_span": [53, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068589-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Detroit Tigers season\nThe 1951 Detroit Tigers season was a season in American baseball. The team finished fifth in the American League with a record of 73\u201381, 25 games behind the New York Yankees.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068589-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Detroit Tigers season, Regular season\nOn August 19, the Tigers played a doubleheader in St. Louis against the Browns. In the second game, after the Tigers had batted in the top of the first inning, the Browns sent midget Eddie Gaedel up to pinch-hit for leadoff batter Frank Saucier. Gaedel, at a height of 3'7\", is to date the shortest player to appear in a Major League Baseball game. Umpire Ed Hurley challenged the decision to allow Gaedel to participate in an at-bat. Browns manager Zack Taylor produced a contract. Tigers pitcher Bob Cain walked him. Jim Delsing pinch ran for Gaedel, but failed to score. The Tigers won the game, 6\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 42], "content_span": [43, 646]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068589-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Detroit Tigers season, Regular season, All-Star Game\nThe 1951 All-Star Game was originally awarded to the Philadelphia Phillies. The City of Detroit was celebrating the 250th anniversary of its founding in 1701 and requested to host the year's All-Star Game. Although the National League was scheduled to host the game in '51, the game was moved to Detroit's Briggs Stadium to coincide with the city's celebration. The Phillies instead hosted the 1952 All-Star Game at Shibe Park.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 57], "content_span": [58, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068589-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 71], "content_span": [72, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068589-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 64], "content_span": [65, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068589-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068589-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 66], "content_span": [67, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068589-0007-0000", "contents": "1951 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 67], "content_span": [68, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068590-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Detroit Titans football team\nThe 1951 Detroit Titans football team represented the University of Detroit in the Missouri Valley Conference (MVC) during 1951 college football season. The team compiled a 4\u20137 record (2\u20134 against conference opponents), tied for fifth place in the MWC, and was outscored by opponents by a combined total of 263 to 156.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068590-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Detroit Titans football team\nIn February 1951, Dutch Clark, later inducted into both the Pro and College Football Halls of Fame, was hired as the school's athletic director and head football coach. He had served as the team's backfield coach under head coach Chuck Baer in 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068591-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Divizia A\nThe 1951 Divizia A was the thirty-fourth season of Divizia A, the top-level football league of Romania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068591-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Divizia A, Champion squad\nGoalkeepers: Ion Voinescu (22 / 0); Traian Ionescu (5 / 0). Defenders: Vasile Zavoda (22 / 0); Alexandru Apolzan (22 / 0); \u0218tefan Rodeanu (20 / 0); Aurelian Cernea (3 / 0). Midfielders: \u0218tefan Balint (22 / 0); Tiberiu Bone (22 / 1). Forwards: Petre Moldoveanu (19 / 9);  Nicolae Roman (14 / 5); Nicolae Dr\u0103gan (19 / 9); Francisc Zavoda (21 / 2); Petre B\u0103dean\u021bu (22 / 9); Ion Alecsandrescu (2 / 1); Anton Fernbach-Ferenczi (12 / 2); Victor Moldovan (9 / 4). (league appearances and goals listed in brackets)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 30], "content_span": [31, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068592-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Divizia B\nThe 1951 Divizia B was the 12th season of the second tier of the Romanian football league system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068592-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Divizia B\nThe format with two series has been maintained, each of them having 12 teams. At the end of the season the winners of the series promoted to Divizia A and the last two places from each one of the series relegated to District Championship. Also this was the second season played in the spring-autumn system, a system imposed by the new leadership of the country which were in close ties with the Soviet Union.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068593-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Dominican general election\nGeneral elections were held in Dominica on 31 October 1951. No political parties contested the elections and all candidates ran as independents. Voter turnout was 75.9%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068594-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Doncaster rail crash\nThe Doncaster rail crash was a railway accident that took place near to Doncaster, England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068594-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Doncaster rail crash\nOn 16 March 1951 the 10:04 Doncaster to London King's Cross consisting of 14 coaches (and a horse box at the rear) hauled by a LNER Thompson Class A2/2 No 60501 Cock o' the North locomotive left the station. Shortly afterwards the train was negotiating a tight crossover with a speed limit of 10 mph. The driver claimed he took the crossover at around 15 mph as he had done previously but the 3rd coach derailed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068594-0001-0001", "contents": "1951 Doncaster rail crash\nThe leading end of the coach followed the front of the train and went to the right of a pier supporting Balby Bridge (which carries a road junction over the line), but the rear of the coach, propelled by the weight of the following train went to the left, wrapping the coach around the pier, killing 14 passengers and seriously injuring 12 others.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068594-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Doncaster rail crash, Cause\nInvestigation of the accident concluded that poor maintenance of the crossover was the primary cause with bolts supporting the crossover assembly missing or cracked.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 32], "content_span": [33, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068595-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Drake Bulldogs football team\nThe 1951 Drake Bulldogs football team was an American football team that represented Drake University as a member of the Missouri Valley Conference during the 1951 college football season. In its third season under head coach Warren Gaer, the team compiled a 7\u20132 record (3\u20131 against MVC opponents), tied for fourth place in the conference, and outscored opponents by a total of 247 to 117. The team played its home games at Drake Stadium in Des Moines, Iowa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068595-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Drake Bulldogs football team\nOn October 20, 1951, Drake halfback Johnny Bright, an African-American athlete and Heisman Trophy candidate, was assaulted by a white player during a game against Oklahoma A&M. The assault resulted in a broken jaw to Bright. When the Missouri Valley Conference refused to discipline Oklahoma A&M, despite evidence of a concerted and racially-motivated plan to injure Bright, Drake withdrew from the conference in protest. In 2005, Oklahoma State's president issued a letter of apology for the incident which has become known at the Johnny Bright incident.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068595-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Drake Bulldogs football team\nBright had led the nation in total offense in both 1949 and 1950. See List of NCAA major college football yearly total offense leaders. At the end of the 1951 season, he was selected by the United Press, based on voting from 260 sports writers and broadcasters, as a second-team player on the 1951 College Football All-America Team. Bright later played 11 seasons in the Canadian Football League and was inducted into both the College Football Hall of Fame and the Canadian Football Hall of Fame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068596-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Drexel Dragons football team\nThe 1951 Drexel Dragons football team represented the Drexel Institute of Technology (renamed Drexel University in 1970) as an independent during the 1951 college football season. Eddie Allen was the team's head coach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068597-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Duke Blue Devils football team\nThe 1951 Duke Blue Devils football team represented the Duke Blue Devils of Duke University during the 1951 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068598-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Dutch Grand Prix\nThe 1951 Dutch Grand Prix was a motor race held on 22 July 1951 at Circuit Park Zandvoort, Netherlands. It was the second Dutch Grand Prix set to Formula One rules. The race was won for the second year in a row by French driver Louis Rosier in a Talbot-Lago.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068599-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 East Carolina Pirates football team\nThe 1951 East Carolina Pirates football team was an American football team that represented represented East Carolina College (now known as East Carolina University) as a member of the North State Conference during the 1951 college football season. In their third season under head coach Bill Dole, the team compiled a 4\u20136 record and as conference champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068600-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 East German referendum\nA referendum on militarisation and peace was held in East Germany on 5 June 1951. Voters were asked \"Are you against the remilitarisation of Germany and for the conclusion of a peace treaty with Germany in the year 1951?\". It was approved by 95.98% of voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068601-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 East Rift Valley earthquakes\nThe 1951 East Rift Valley earthquakes (Chinese: 1951\u5e74\u7e31\u8c37\u5730\u9707\u7cfb\u5217; pinyin: 1951 ni\u00e1n Z\u00f2ngg\u01d4 d\u00eczh\u00e8n x\u00ecli\u00e8) were a series of earthquakes which struck eastern Taiwan from 22 October 1951 to 5 December 1951, four of which registered at 7 or more on the Moment magnitude scale, the largest of those being magnitude 7.3 and 7.8 quakes on November 24. Altogether the quakes killed 85 people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068601-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 East Rift Valley earthquakes, Technical data\nThe East Rift Valley (Chinese: \u82b1\u6771\u7e31\u8c37; pinyin: Hu\u0101-D\u014dng Z\u00f2ngg\u01d4) is an area of rugged terrain formed by the interaction of the Philippine Sea and Eurasian tectonic plates in eastern Taiwan. Most of the area is sparsely populated by Taiwanese aborigines, but there are larger populations in the cities of Hualien and Taitung. The deadliest earthquake in the series struck at 05:34 on 22 October 1951, with an epicentre at 23.9\u00b0N 121.7\u00b0E, a few kilometres southwest of Hualien City, with a magnitude of 7.3, and was felt throughout Taiwan as well as on Penghu and Kinmen (Quemoy). The second quake to cause significant casualties hit at 02:50 on November 25 of the same year, again with a magnitude of 7.3, this time centred under the town of Yuli, Hualien.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 49], "content_span": [50, 802]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068601-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 East Rift Valley earthquakes, Names\nThe earthquake series is sometimes known by different names, including the 1951 Hualien earthquakes (Chinese: 1951\u5e74\u82b1\u84ee\u5927\u5730\u9707\u7cfb\u5217; pinyin: 1951 ni\u00e1n Hu\u0101li\u00e1n d\u00e0 d\u00eczh\u00e8n x\u00ecli\u00e8) and the 1951 Hualien-Taitung earthquakes (Chinese: 1951\u5e74\u82b1\u84ee\u2013\u53f0\u6771\u5730\u9707\u7cfb\u5217; pinyin: 1951 ni\u00e1n Hu\u0101li\u00e1n-T\u00e1id\u014dng d\u00eczh\u00e8n x\u00ecli\u00e8) \u2013 both of these refer to the same series of quakes in eastern Taiwan from October to December 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 40], "content_span": [41, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068601-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 East Rift Valley earthquakes, Damage\nThe total figures for casualties and damage from Taiwan's Central Weather Bureau are as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 41], "content_span": [42, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068602-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Edmonton municipal election\nThe 1951 municipal election was held November 7, 1951 to elect a mayor and five aldermen to sit on Edmonton City Council and four trustees to sit on the separate school board, while four trustees were acclaimed to the public board. The electorate also decided four plebiscite questions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068602-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Edmonton municipal election\nThere were ten aldermen on city council, but five of the positions were already filled: Edwin Clarke, Duncan Innes (SS), Richmond Francis Hanna, Frederick John Mitchell, and Athelstan Bissett (SS) were all elected to two-year terms in 1950 and were still in office.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068602-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Edmonton municipal election\nThere were seven trustees on the public school board, but three of the positions were already filled:Harry Fowler, Robert Rae, and Charles Cummins had been acclaimed to two-year terms in 1950 and were still in office. The same was true on the separate board, where Adrian Crowe (SS), Francis Killeen, and James O'Hara were continuing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068602-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Edmonton municipal election, Voter turnout\nThere were 41,515 ballots cast out of 98,882 eligible voters, for a voter turnout of 41.0%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 47], "content_span": [48, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068602-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Paving\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a sinking fund debenture debt in the sum of $1,060,000 for the City share of paving of residential and arterial streets?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 62], "content_span": [63, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068602-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Incinerator Upgrades\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $300,000 for the purpose of modernization and enlarging the capacity of the present city incinerator?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 76], "content_span": [77, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068602-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Equipment for the City Engineers' Department\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $200,000 to purchase construction and scavenging equipment and traffic light equipment for the City Engineers\u2019 Department?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 100], "content_span": [101, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068602-0007-0000", "contents": "1951 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Building Extensions\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $65,000 for extensions to Engineers\u2019 yard and shop buildings?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 75], "content_span": [76, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068603-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Ekstraklasa, Overview\n12 teams played in the league and Wis\u0142a Krak\u00f3w finished in the first position and became the league champion. In the 1951 season, the Ekstraklasa was not a competition for the title of the Polish Champion. Before the season Polish Football Association decided that Champion of Poland title will be awarded to the winner of the Polish Cup, which was later Ruch Chorz\u00f3w.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 26], "content_span": [27, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068604-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Emperor's Cup\nStatistics of Emperor's Cup (a Japanese association football competition) in the 1951 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068604-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Emperor's Cup, Overview\nIt was contested by 14 teams, and Keio BRB won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 28], "content_span": [29, 93]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068605-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Emperor's Cup Final\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Monkbot (talk | contribs) at 00:16, 8 January 2020 (\u2192\u200etop: Task 15:  language icon template(s) replaced (1\u00d7);). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068605-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Emperor's Cup Final\n1951 Emperor's Cup Final was the 31st final of the Emperor's Cup competition. The final was played at Miyagino Football Stadium in Miyagi on May 27, 1951. Keio BRB won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068605-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Emperor's Cup Final, Overview\nKeio BRB with Yukio Tsuda and Hirokazu Ninomiya on the team won the championship, by defeating Osaka Club 3\u20132. Osaka Club was featured a squad consisting of Taro Kagawa, Toshio Iwatani and Taizo Kawamoto.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068606-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 English Greyhound Derby\nThe 1951 Greyhound Derby took place during June with the final being held on 30 June 1951 at White City Stadium. The winner Ballylanigan Tanist received a first prize of \u00a31,500.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068606-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 English Greyhound Derby, Final result, Distances\n2\u00bd, 2\u00be, 2, \u00bd, 2\u00be (lengths)The distances between the greyhounds are in finishing order and shown in lengths. From 1950 one length was equal to 0.08 of one second.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 53], "content_span": [54, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068606-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 English Greyhound Derby, Review\nA record 140 entries were received at the initial stage of the 1951 English Greyhound Derby, which left the White City Racing Manager Major Percy Brown with the difficult task of selecting 48. Eight first round heats took place and Quare Customer, the Cesarewitch champion and 1950 English Greyhound Derby runner, quoted at 100-1 won his heat. Three other pre-competition 100-1 shots also sealed heat wins, they were Guineas champion Derryboy Blackbird, Junes Idol and Moon Again. Ante post favourite Black Mire and another market leader, Atomic Line both won their heats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068606-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 English Greyhound Derby, Review\nJunes Idol won again in round two, in the fastest time so far (28.66), beating a field including Black Mire. Three Wembley greyhounds, Greenwood Tanist and Ballylanigan Tanist trained by Leslie Reynolds and Atomic Line trained by Jack Harvey dominated the remaining three heats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068606-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 English Greyhound Derby, Review\nIn the first semi-final Atomic Line held off the challenge of the Ballylanigan Tanist, with Rushton Smutty (1950 Trafalgar Cup and Puppy Derby champion) taking the third qualifying place. The second semi-final went to 5-4 on shot Black Mire, in a fast 28.62, with Mad Miller and Rapid Choice taking the final berths for the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068606-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 English Greyhound Derby, Review\nOn the final night a crowd of 62,000 witnessed Atomic Line breaking from the starting traps first but Rushton Smutty forced his way inside going to the first bend. Ballylanigan Tanist's early pace put him into the lead on the outside of the pair and then he stretched that lead on the back straight. By the third bend only Black Mire looked a danger to Ballylanigan Tanist after he overtook Rushton Smutty on the back straight to move into second place. However Ballylanigan Tanist remained two and a half lengths clear at the finish line, in a time of 28.62 seconds, a new record for the final. The winning owner was Norman Dupont and it was a third Derby title for trainer Leslie Reynolds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 728]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068607-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 English cricket season\n1951 was the 52nd season of County Championship cricket in England. It produced a surprise title for Warwickshire, their first for forty years and only the second in their history. It was noteworthy for the period in being the first achieved under a professional captain, Tom Dollery, one of the Wisden Cricketers of the Year in 1952. His award particularly noted his captaincy. It was a comfortable victory as Warwickshire won 16 matches while second-placed Yorkshire won four less and lost twice convincingly to Warwickshire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068607-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 English cricket season\nSouth Africa toured England to compete in a test series in which England won 3\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068608-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Estonian SSR Football Championship\nThe 1951 Estonian SSR Football Championship was won by Baltic Fleet Tallinn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068609-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Estonian Supreme Soviet election\nElections to the Supreme Soviet of the Estonian SSR were held on 25 February 1951. The Bloc of Communists and Non-Party Candidates was the only party able to contest the elections, and won all 115 seats. Elected members included Joseph Stalin (Tallinn constituency no. 3), Vyacheslav Molotov (Tallinn constituency no. 18), Georgi Malenkov (Tallinn constituency no. 12) and Panteleimon Ponomarenko (Tallinn constituency no. 4).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 464]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068610-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 European Amateur Boxing Championships\nThe 1951 European Amateur Boxing Championships were held in Milan, Italy, from 14 to 19 May. The ninth edition of the bi-annual competition was organised by the European governing body for amateur boxing, EABA. There were 132 fighters from 20 countries participating.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068611-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 European Figure Skating Championships\nThe 1951 European Figure Skating Championships were held in Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland from February 2 to 4. Elite senior-level figure skaters from European ISU member nations competed for the title of European Champion in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, and pair skating.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068612-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 European Rowing Championships\nThe 1951 European Rowing Championships were rowing championships held on the M\u00e2con regatta course on the Sa\u00f4ne in M\u00e2con, France. Men competed in all seven Olympic boat classes (M1x, M2x, M2-, M2+, M4-, M4+, M8+). The regatta is notable as the first test event for international women's rowing organised by the International Rowing Federation (FISA), with four countries competing in four boat classes (W1x, W2x, W4+, W8+) over the shorter race distance of 1,000\u00a0m (men competed over 2,000\u00a0m). The purpose of the test event was to see whether women's rowing should formally become part of the FISA-organised European Rowing Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 672]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068612-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 European Rowing Championships, Women's test event\nThe French rowing association (F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Fran\u00e7aise de Soci\u00e9t\u00e9s d\u2019Aviron) organised the test event. Four countries sent teams; France, Great Britain, the Netherlands, and Denmark. The four boat classes competed in were the single scull (W1x), double scull (W2x), coxed four (W4+), and eight (W8+). There were three boats nominated for the double scull, but all countries had boats compete in the other boat classes. Great Britain came third in all four races.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 54], "content_span": [55, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068612-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 European Rowing Championships, Women's test event\nThe women would have their second test event in Amsterdam in 1952. There were no European Rowing Championships that year as the Olympic Games were held in Helsinki, and whenever the Olympic Games were held in Europe the European Rowing Championships would be skipped. The same four countries competed in Amsterdam in the same four boat classes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 54], "content_span": [55, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068613-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 FA Charity Shield\nThe 1951 FA Charity Shield was the 29th FA Charity Shield, an annual football match played between the winners of the previous season's Football League and FA Cup competitions. The match took place on 24 September 1951 and was played between 1950\u201351 Football League champions Tottenham Hotspur and FA Cup winners Newcastle United. It ended in a 2\u20131 victory for Tottenham Hotspur.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068614-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 FA Cup Final\nThe 1951 FA Cup Final was contested by Newcastle United and Blackpool at Wembley on 28 April 1951. Newcastle won 2\u20130, with both goals scored by Jackie Milburn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068614-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 FA Cup Final\nBill Slater, who played at inside left for losers Blackpool, was the last surviving player to have appeared in the final. He died in December 2018 at the age of 91. The last surviving Newcastle United player from the final was Charlie Crowe, who died in February 2010 at the age of 85.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068614-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 FA Cup Final, Broadcasting\nRadio listeners around the nation could tune in to hear the match on the BBC light programme with commentary from Raymond Glendenning. However, only the second half of the match was televised by the BBC with commentary from Jimmy Jewell, his last cup final before his death the following year, and Kenneth Wolstenholme. The Television footage has since been lost.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068615-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 FC Dinamo Bucure\u0219ti season\nThe 1951 season was Dinamo Bucure\u0219ti's third season in Divizia A. For the first time, Dinamo fought for the championship, ending the season 2nd place, with 32 points, the same number as the champions CCA Bucure\u0219ti. The difference was only one goal between the two teams. Constantin Popescu ranked third in the top scorer with 11 goals scored.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068615-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 FC Dinamo Bucure\u0219ti season, Squad\nStandard team: Iosif Fuleiter \u2013 Florian Ambru, Caius Novac \u2013 Constantin Marinescu, Gheorghe B\u0103cu\u021b, Valeriu C\u0103linoiu (Viliam Florescu) \u2013 Iosif Sz\u00f6k\u0151, Carol Bartha, Ion Suru, Nicolae Dumitru, Constantin Popescu (Alexandru Ene).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 38], "content_span": [39, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068615-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 FC Dinamo Bucure\u0219ti season, Squad, Transfers\nDinamo changes the squad a lot, especially because the second team, Dinamo Ora\u015ful Stalin promoted. Seven players from Bucharest were transferred to Bra\u015fov. Titus Ozon, Nicolae Voinescu & Marin Apostol moved to Dinamo 2. Instead, Dinamo brought Ion Suru (Locomotiva Bucure\u0219ti), Iosif Sz\u00f6k\u0151 (Progresul ICO Oradea), Valeriu C\u0103linoiu (Flac\u0103ra Bucure\u0219ti), Alexandru Ene (Metalul Bucure\u0219ti) and Iosif Fuleiter (\u015etiin\u0163a Cluj).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 49], "content_span": [50, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068616-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 FC Steaua Bucure\u0219ti season\nThe 1951 season was FC Steaua Bucure\u0219ti's 4th season since its founding in 1947.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068617-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 FIFA Youth Tournament Under-18\nThe FIFA Youth Tournament Under-18 1951 Final Tournament was held in France.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068617-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 FIFA Youth Tournament Under-18, Supplementary Round\nIn this round the losing teams from the first round participated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 56], "content_span": [57, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068618-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Finnish parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Finland on 1 and 2 July 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068618-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Finnish parliamentary election, Background\nUrho Kekkonen of the Agrarian League had served as Prime Minister since March 1950, after losing the February 1950 presidential election to President Juho Kusti Paasikivi.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068618-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Finnish parliamentary election, Background\nKekkonen had governed first with the Swedish People's Party and National Progressive Party, but in January 1951 the Social Democratic Party had joined his government. The rationing of goods was ending gradually and the war reparation payments to the Soviet Union were to be completed by 1952. Prime Minister Kekkonen sought to reduce inflation by persuading the employers' organizations and labour unions to refrain from wage increases for the time being. In May 1951, these organizations agreed not to raise wages or prices for five months. During this \"castle peace\" or civic peace, the Social Democrats took most leadership positions in the Central Organisation of Finnish Trade Unions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 737]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068618-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Finnish parliamentary election, Background\nThe communist Finnish People's Democratic League benefited from the fact that the Social Democrats had agreed to govern with the Agrarians, and had thus \"betrayed\" (according to some Communists' campaign rhetoric) their fellow left-wingers. The economy's and inflation rate's stabilization possibly hurt the low-income workers (a likely constituency of the Communists) more than the white-collar workers or the businessmen, and this could partly explain the Communists' gain of five deputies. The People's Party of Finland had been formed as the Progressives' successor, and this fresh start can have contributed to its five-seat gain. After the elections, Kekkonen continued to serve as Prime Minister, forming his third government in September 1951. He introduced a new economic stabilization programme, which tied the prices and wages to an automatic full compensation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 920]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068619-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Five Nations Championship\nThe 1951 Five Nations Championship was the twenty-second series of the rugby union Five Nations Championship. Including the previous incarnations as the Home Nations and Five Nations, this was the fifty-seventh series of the northern hemisphere rugby union championship. Ten matches were played between 13 January and 7 April. It was contested by England, France, Ireland, Scotland and Wales. Ireland missed out on a second Grand Slam after drawing to Wales at Cardiff Arms Park despite winning the title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 536]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068620-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Florida A&M Rattlers football team\nThe 1951 Florida A&M Rattlers football team was an American football team that represented Florida A&M University as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SIAC) during the 1951 college football season. In their seventh season under head coach Jake Gaither, the Rattlers compiled a 7\u20131\u20131 record. The team's sole loss was to Morris Brown. In the Orange Blossom Classic, the Rattlers defeated North Carolina College. The team played its home games at Bragg Stadium in Tallahassee, Florida.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 550]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068621-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Florida Gators football team\nThe 1951 Florida Gators football team represented the University of Florida during the 1951 college football season. The season was Bob Woodruff's second as the head coach of the Florida Gators football team. The highlights of the season included two intersectional victories over the Wyoming Cowboys (13\u20130) and the Loyola Lions (40\u20137), and two Southeastern Conference (SEC) victories over the Vanderbilt Commodores (33\u201313) during Florida's homecoming and the Alabama Crimson Tide (30\u201321) in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. For the second year in a row, Woodruff's 1951 Florida Gators finished 5\u20135 overall and 2\u20134 in the SEC, placing ninth among twelve conference teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 693]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068622-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Florida State Seminoles football team\nThe 1951 Florida State Seminoles football team represented Florida State University in the 1951 college football season. 1951 was the beginning of the longstanding rivalry with Miami. The Hurricanes won the first meeting by a score of 35\u201313.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068623-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Football Championship of the Ukrainian SSR\nThe 1951 Football Championship of UkrSSR were part of the 1951 Soviet republican football competitions in the Soviet Ukraine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068624-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Fordham Rams football team\nThe 1951 Fordham Rams football team represented Fordham University during the 1951 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068624-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Fordham Rams football team\nIn their sixth year under head coach Ed Danowski, the Rams compiled a 5\u20134 record. Chris Campbell was the team captain. The Rams were outscored 232 to 183.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068624-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Fordham Rams football team\nFordham played two games at Triborough Stadium on Randalls Island in Manhattan, New York City, and the rest of its schedule on the road.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068625-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Formula One season\nThe 1951 Formula One season was the fifth season of FIA Formula One motor racing. It featured the 1951 World Championship of Drivers, which commenced on 27 May 1951 and ended on 28 October after eight races. The season also included 14 races that were open to Formula One cars but did not count towards the championship standings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068625-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Formula One season, World Championship season summary\nFerrari's newer, naturally aspirated 4.5 litre cars offered a real challenge to the Alfas, which were nearing the end of their development potential. The Ferraris were able to capitalize on the inefficiency of the Alfa's very thirsty engines, particularly at Silverstone. Although Alfas won four races, with Fangio taking the championship, Ferrari's three victories spelled the end for the Alfas. BRM made their only championship appearance with the V16 at Silverstone, and the old, slow Talbots were increasingly outclassed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 58], "content_span": [59, 584]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068625-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Formula One season, World Championship season summary\nPoints were given to top 5 finishers (8, 6, 4, 3, 2). One point was given for fastest lap. Only the best four of eight scores counted towards the world championship. Points for shared drives were divided equally between the drivers, regardless of who had driven more laps.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 58], "content_span": [59, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068625-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Formula One season, World Championship season summary, Pre-season non-championship races\nAlthough the official championship season would start in late May in Switzerland, there were a handful of non-championship events to be run. The first was the first ever Syracuse Grand Prix near the ancient city of Syracuse on the southern island of Sicily. This race was won by Italian Luigi Villoresi driving the new 4 1/2 litre Ferrari 375 on the 3.4 mile public road circuit. Villoresi would triumph again two weeks later at Pau in southwest France over homeland hero Louis Rosier and Nino Farina, driving a Maserati for this race. On the same day, Thai driver Birabongse Bhanudej would triumph at the Richmond Trophy race at Goodwood in southern England in his Maserati.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 93], "content_span": [94, 769]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068625-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Formula One season, World Championship season summary, Pre-season non-championship races\nThree weeks after the Goodwood and Pau races it was the San Remo Grand Prix in western Italy not far from Monaco, and Alberto Ascari made his first appearance of the season and promptly won in a Ferrari 375 on this twisty and demanding 2.1 mile street circuit, ahead of his countryman Dorino Serafini and Swiss Rudi Fischer, both in Ferraris. A week later was the Bordeaux Grand Prix in western France and it was won by Rosier in a Talbot, ahead of Fischer and Briton Peter Whitehead in a Ferrari. Other than Farina, this race did not feature any Italians in it because they were competing in the Mille Miglia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 93], "content_span": [94, 704]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068625-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Formula One season, World Championship season summary, Pre-season non-championship races\nA week later was the BRDC International Trophy race at Silverstone, with the Alfa Romeos making their first appearance in 1951. Of the first two heats, Fangio won the first while Farina won the second; while Reg Parnell won the final all-important event, which was stopped because of torrential rain and flooding. Two weeks after this was the Paris Grand Prix in the Bois de Boulogne Park in the French capital city, which was won by Farina in a Maserati.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 93], "content_span": [94, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068625-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 Formula One season, World Championship season summary, Race 1: Switzerland\nA week after the BRDC International Trophy race the Formula One Championship season started in Switzerland at the very dangerous and tree-lined Bremgarten public road circuit near Bern around the time the Monaco Grand Prix would have been held, but that historic race was not held this year. Alfa Romeo, the dominant team in 1950 with its supercharged 159 Alfetta, took the first five places on the grid, with the exception of 3rd, which was taken by Luigi Villoresi in a Ferrari. Argentine Juan Manuel Fangio was on pole position, with his Italian teammate Giuseppe \"Nino\" Farina alongside him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 79], "content_span": [80, 675]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068625-0006-0001", "contents": "1951 Formula One season, World Championship season summary, Race 1: Switzerland\nThe race started while it was raining, and with its overhanging trees lining the road, this circuit was even more dangerous in the wet. But Fangio made no mistake and won the race from Piero Taruffi in a Ferrari and Farina, whose decision to run the race without changing tires proved to be the wrong decision.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 79], "content_span": [80, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068625-0007-0000", "contents": "1951 Formula One season, World Championship season summary, Race 2: Indianapolis 500\nThe Indianapolis 500 in the United States was run three days after the Swiss Grand Prix on a Wednesday, and was the only non-European championship round and the only round not run to FIA Grand Prix regulations. Lee Wallard won this demanding race in his Kurtis Kraft-Offenhauser.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 84], "content_span": [85, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068625-0008-0000", "contents": "1951 Formula One season, World Championship season summary, Race 3: Belgium\nFarina had won again at Ulster Trophy held at the very dangerous and fast Dundrod circuit in Northern Ireland in an Alfa, and the next championship Grand Prix was in Belgium at the fastest circuit of the year: the spectacular and rural 8.7\u00a0mi (14.1\u00a0km) Spa-Francorchamps circuit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 75], "content_span": [76, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068625-0008-0001", "contents": "1951 Formula One season, World Championship season summary, Race 3: Belgium\nWith Fangio and Farina once again 1\u20132 with the Ferraris of Villoresi and Alberto Ascari taking 3rd and 4th, the Alfas and Ferraris dueled around this circuit, with only 13 entries \u2013 small grids in all kinds of motorsports in Europe were commonplace at Spa, because of the fear most drivers had of the circuit. Farina, already on a high after winning at Dundrod won by three minutes over Ascari and Villoresi, with Fangio finishing four laps down in 9th after one of his Alfa's wheels jammed on its hub.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 75], "content_span": [76, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068625-0009-0000", "contents": "1951 Formula One season, World Championship season summary, Race 4: France\nThe French Grand Prix, given the honorary designation of the European Grand Prix this year was held at the very fast 4.8 mile Reims-Gueux circuit (a circuit only 2 mph slower than Spa) deep in northern French champagne country played the host for an exciting race. Fangio, on pole again, was beaten off the line by 3rd placed qualifier Ascari, with 2nd placed qualifier Farina making a terrible start and dropping to 11th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 74], "content_span": [75, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068625-0009-0001", "contents": "1951 Formula One season, World Championship season summary, Race 4: France\nOn this triangular public road circuit, made up entirely of long straights, slight kinks and slow, angular corners saw Ascari retire his car with a broken gearbox and Fangio nursing a sick car. Farina pushed very hard and eventually took the lead. Argentine Jos\u00e9 Froil\u00e1n Gonz\u00e1lez was 2nd in a Ferrari, and 53-year old pre-war great Luigi Fagioli in an Alfa was 3rd in a one-off appearance for this year. Gonzalez was chasing Farina very hard; but Farina's car developed magneto problems and had to fall back, which put Gonzalez in the lead, with Fagioli in 2nd.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 74], "content_span": [75, 636]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068625-0009-0002", "contents": "1951 Formula One season, World Championship season summary, Race 4: France\nHowever, during both the leader's pitstops, as was commonplace in Grand Prix racing up until 1957, when it was banned \u2013 Gonzalez handed his car over to Ascari, and Fagioli exchanged his healthy car with Fangio's mechanically unhealthy car, so Ascari and Fangio were back in 1st and 2nd where they had been before. But Fangio took advantage of Ascari's brake problems on his Ferrari (the Reims-Gueux circuit was very hard on engines and brakes) to win a race that holds the record for farthest racing distance ever completed for a Grand Prix, 373\u00a0mi (610\u00a0km). Fagioli, finishing 22 laps down and furious over having to swap cars with Fangio, quit Grand Prix racing on the spot, and the veteran Italian would die after crashing a Lancia during a sportscar race at Monaco in 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 74], "content_span": [75, 852]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068625-0010-0000", "contents": "1951 Formula One season, World Championship season summary, Race 5: Britain\nThe British Grand Prix at the Silverstone airfield circuit in England played host to round 5 of the World Championship, and this race was to make history. The Alfa Romeos, with their powerful 420\u00a0hp supercharged 1.5L engines were fast, but had horrendous fuel consumption: 1.5 miles per gallon (thanks to the rather simple pre-World War II engine design) meaning that Fangio and Farina had to stop twice to refuel, Jos\u00e9 Froil\u00e1n Gonz\u00e1lez in the more fuel efficient 4.5L naturally aspirated V12 Ferrari went on to win, with Fangio second. This was the first time Enzo Ferrari had won a Grand Prix with a car of his own company's construction, and this team went on to be the most successful team in Formula One history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 75], "content_span": [76, 793]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068625-0011-0000", "contents": "1951 Formula One season, World Championship season summary, Race 6: Germany\nA week after the British Grand Prix the non-championship Dutch Grand Prix at the fast beachside Zandvoort circuit near Amsterdam was won by Louis Rosier in a Talbot, ahead of veteran Phillippe Etancelin and up-and-comer Stirling Moss in an HWM.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 75], "content_span": [76, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068625-0012-0000", "contents": "1951 Formula One season, World Championship season summary, Race 6: Germany\nWest Germany had been banned from international sports competition until 1951, so the German Grand Prix was able to be a Grand Prix championship round for the first time since 1939. The venue was the same as it had been in 1939 \u2013 that venue was the dauntingly challenging, dangerous and twisty 14.2 mile (22.8\u00a0km) N\u00fcrburgring Nordschleife. Ascari took pole position in front of his teammate Gonzalez, and Alfa drivers Fangio and Farina. At the start, Farina took the lead, but the Alfas started to develop overheating problems, and Farina soon retired. In addition to engine problems, the gearbox in Fangio's Alfa lost 1st and 2nd of four gears, and after trading the lead with Fangio during pitstops, Ascari took the lead and won his first championship Formula One Grand Prix.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 75], "content_span": [76, 853]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068625-0013-0000", "contents": "1951 Formula One season, World Championship season summary, Race 7: Italy\nA week after the German Grand Prix was the Albi Grand Prix on a very fast and dangerous public road circuit just outside of the southwestern French village of Albi. This race was won by Maurice Trintignant in a Simca. Ten days after this race, the Coppa Acerbo at the 15.8 mile and dauntingly dangerous Pescara public road circuit in eastern Italy, which was won by Jos\u00e9 Froil\u00e1n Gonz\u00e1lez in a Ferrari. Two weeks after this Fangio won the Bari Grand Prix in the small southeastern Italian coastal city.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 73], "content_span": [74, 575]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068625-0014-0000", "contents": "1951 Formula One season, World Championship season summary, Race 7: Italy\nItaly was the next championship race, and the Monza Autodrome near Milan played host to the seventh round of the Formula One Grand Prix championship. Fangio in an Alfa took pole position again, but he retired his car, which had engine problems; Farina, who had taken Felice Bonetto's Alfa had a leaking fuel tank and had to come in twice for fuel, which dropped him down the order far enough for him only to get as far as third. Fellow local hero and Milan native Ascari won again in his Ferrari \u2013 which kept his championship hopes alive catch the leader Fangio to win it in the last championship Grand Prix in Spain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 73], "content_span": [74, 691]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068625-0015-0000", "contents": "1951 Formula One season, World Championship season summary, Race 8: Spain\nThe last non-championship race of the year, the Goodwood Trophy was won by Farina in an Alfa three weeks after the Italian Grand Prix.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 73], "content_span": [74, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068625-0016-0000", "contents": "1951 Formula One season, World Championship season summary, Race 8: Spain\nThe first ever Formula One Spanish Grand Prix, held at the Pedralbes street circuit in Barcelona took place four weeks after the Goodwood Trophy race. The Ferrari and Alfa Romeo teams each ran four cars with Ferrari fielding Ascari, Gigi Villoresi, Froilan Gonzalez and Piero Taruffi and Alfa Romeo running Fangio, Giuseppe Farina, Felice Bonetto and Baron Emanuel de Graffenried. Ascari was fastest in practice and shared the front row of the 4\u20133\u20134 grid with Fangio, Gonzalez and Farina. Behind them were Villoresi, de Graffenried and Taruffi.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 73], "content_span": [74, 618]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068625-0016-0001", "contents": "1951 Formula One season, World Championship season summary, Race 8: Spain\nAscari led from the start with Gonzalez chasing but by the end of the first lap Gonzalez had dropped to fifth behind Farina, Fangio and Bonetto. Fangio quickly passed Farina and took the lead from Ascari on the fourth lap. As Fangio sailed away to victory, Ferrari's challenge fell apart along with its tires \u2013 the team having opted to use smaller wheels than normal. By the time the team had sorted out the problem, Ascari was two laps behind. Fangio duly won the race and his first of five championships with Gonzalez finishing second and Farina third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 73], "content_span": [74, 628]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068625-0017-0000", "contents": "1951 Formula One season, Season review\nThe World Championship Grand Prix races were open to FIA Formula One cars however the Indianapolis 500, which also counted to the 1951 AAA Championship, was restricted to American Championship Cars.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 38], "content_span": [39, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068625-0018-0000", "contents": "1951 Formula One season, Teams and drivers\nThe following teams and drivers competed in the 1951 FIA World Championship of Drivers", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 42], "content_span": [43, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068625-0019-0000", "contents": "1951 Formula One season, World Championship of Drivers standings\nPoints were awarded on a 8\u20136\u20134\u20133\u20132 basis to the first five finishers at each Grand Prix with an additional point for the fastest lap. Only the best four results counted towards the championship. Numbers without parentheses are championship points; numbers in parentheses are total points scored.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 64], "content_span": [65, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068625-0020-0000", "contents": "1951 Formula One season, Non-championship races\nOther Formula One races, which did not count towards the World Championship, also held in 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 47], "content_span": [48, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068626-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 French Championships (tennis)\nThe 1951 French Championships (now known as the French Open) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor clay courts at the Stade Roland-Garros in Paris, France. The tournament ran from 23 May until 3 June. It was the 55th staging of the French Championships, and the second Grand Slam tennis event of 1951. Jaroslav Drobn\u00fd and Shirley Fry won the singles titles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068626-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 French Championships (tennis), Finals, Men's doubles\nKen McGregor /  Frank Sedgman  defeated  Gardnar Mulloy /  Dick Savitt  6\u20132, 2\u20136, 9\u20137, 7\u20135", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 57], "content_span": [58, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068626-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 French Championships (tennis), Finals, Women's doubles\nShirley Fry /  Doris Hart defeated  Beryl Nicholas-Bartlett /  Barbara Scofield 10\u20138, 6\u20133", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 59], "content_span": [60, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068626-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 French Championships (tennis), Finals, Mixed doubles\nDoris Hart /  Frank Sedgman defeated  Thelma Coyne Long /  Mervyn Rose  7\u20135, 6\u20132", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 57], "content_span": [58, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068627-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 French Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nJaroslav Drobn\u00fd defeated Eric Sturgess  6\u20133, 6\u20133, 6\u20133 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1951 French Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068628-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 French Championships \u2013 Women's Singles\nThird-seeded Shirley Fry defeated Doris Hart 6\u20133, 3\u20136, 6\u20133 in the final to win the Women's Singles tennis title at the 1951 French Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068628-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 French Championships \u2013 Women's Singles, Seeds\nThe seeded players are listed below. Shirley Fry is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 50], "content_span": [51, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068629-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 French Grand Prix\nThe 1951 French Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Reims-Gueux on 1 July 1951. It was race 4 of 8 in the 1951 World Championship of Drivers and was won by Juan Manuel Fangio and Luigi Fagioli driving an Alfa Romeo. It was the first of three occasions where two drivers would be credited with a Grand Prix win after sharing a car.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068629-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 French Grand Prix\nThe race, which also carried the honorific title of European Grand Prix, saw the World Championship debuts of Aldo Gordini, Andr\u00e9 Simon and Onofre Marim\u00f3n. Fagioli's victory, his first in a World Championship race, made him the oldest driver to win a World Championship Grand Prix, a record he still holds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068629-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 French Grand Prix\nThis race also holds the record for the longest Formula One Grand Prix in terms of total distance needed to cover. 77 laps of the 4.856 mile Reims-Gueux circuit totaled to 373 miles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068629-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 French Grand Prix, Report\nAbout 10 laps into the race, the engine in Fangio's car began misfiring, so he stopped at the pits to have the magneto changed, but only completed one further lap before stopping again. Around this time, the gearbox in Ascari's Ferrari had broken, and he retired, although he took over the car of Gonz\u00e1lez, who had been pushing very hard. When Fagioli came in for his fuel stop, the team ordered Fagioli and Fangio to swap cars; Fagioli's car was running healthily whereas Fangio's car had all sorts of problems.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 543]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068629-0003-0001", "contents": "1951 French Grand Prix, Report\nFuel stops and problems for the Ferraris enabled Fangio to make his way into the lead and win the race, with Ascari in Gonz\u00e1lez's original car finishing 2nd, 52 seconds behind. Fagioli, in Fangio's original car, finished 11th, 22 laps behind.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068629-0003-0002", "contents": "1951 French Grand Prix, Report\nFagioli, a veteran racing driver who had been racing Grand Prix cars since the 1920s and known for his fiery temperament was so furious over handing his car over to Fangio that he quit Grand Prix racing on the spot; he only raced this one championship race in 1951 and had not competed at the previous rounds at Bern and Spa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068630-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 French India Representative Assembly election\nThe second election to the Representative Assembly was held on 16 December 1951 to constitute the Second Representative Assembly of French India.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068631-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 French Togoland Representative Assembly election\nRepresentative Assembly elections were held in French Togoland on 9 and 30 December 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068631-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 French Togoland Representative Assembly election, Results, Elected members\nSylvanus Olympio was the sole elected member for the Committee of Togolese Unity.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 79], "content_span": [80, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068632-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 French legislative election\nLegislative elections were held in France on 17 June 1951 to elect the second National Assembly of the Fourth Republic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068632-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 French legislative election\nAfter the Second World War, the three parties which took a major part in the French Resistance to the German occupation dominated the political scene and government: the French Communist Party (PCF), the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO, socialist party) and the Christian democratic Popular Republican Movement (MRP). The forces associated with the Third Republic and the 1940 disaster (the Radical Party and the classical Right) were considered as archaic and were the losers of the post-war elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068632-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 French legislative election\nNevertheless, after the proclamation of the Fourth Republic, the 1947 strikes and the beginning of the Cold War, the Three-parties alliance split. In spring 1947, the Communist ministers were dismissed. At the same time, Charles de Gaulle, symbol of the Resistance, founded his Rally of the French People (RPF) which campaigned for constitutional reform and criticized the \"parties' regime\" as a rebirth of the defunct Third Republic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068632-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 French legislative election\nThe Socialists and the Christian-Democrats allied with the Rally of the Republican Lefts (composed of the Radicals and the Democratic and Socialist Union of the Resistance, UDSR) and right-wing groupings to form the Third Force. This coalition defended the regime against the opposition of the Communists on the one hand, and the Gaullists on the other. But this diverse alliance did not lead to a stable executive power. Indeed, its components advocated opposing policies on the economy, the finances of the state, secularism (la\u00efcit\u00e9) and denominational schools. This discontent was beneficial to the Communists and the Gaullists.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 665]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068632-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 French legislative election\nIn March 1951, Henri Queuille (Radical Party), became head of the cabinet. His Vice-Prime Ministers were Georges Bidault (MRP), Guy Mollet (SFIO) and Ren\u00e9 Pleven (UDSR). In order to limit the number of seats won by the Communists and the Gaullists, an electoral reform was passed. The proportional representation system was conserved but if an alliance of parties obtained more of 50% of votes in a given constituency, it won all the seats. The promoters of the electoral reform knew the Communists and the Gaullists were so different from allie contrary to the parties of the Third Force. They hoped the alliance of the pro-government parties would reach the 50% threshold in a maximum of constituencies, whereas the PCF and the RPF would be eliminated of representation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 805]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068632-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 French legislative election\nWhilst the PCF and the RPF were the two largest parties in terms of the popular vote, the Third Force remained the parliamentary majority. Due to the ballot system, the Communist Party, which won more votes than any other party, was only third in terms of the number of seats won. In the winning coalition, the SFIO and the MRP lost support whereas the Radicals and the classical Right made gains. However, due to continuing internal divisions (about the denominational schools, the budget and the colonial question) the problem of the stability of the executive was not resolved. In August 1951, Ren\u00e9 Pleven replaced Henri Queuille as Prime Minister and the Socialists left the cabinet.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 720]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068633-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 French legislative election in Algeria\nMember State of the African Union Member State of the Arab League", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068633-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 French legislative election in Algeria\nElections to the National Assembly of France were held in France, including Algeria, on 17 June 1951. There were 30 seats for Algeria out of 625 at the National Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068633-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 French legislative election in Algeria\nAs for the Algerian Assembly elected in 1948 and for the previous French legislative elections in 1945 and 1946, there were two electoral colleges, one for the 1.5 million \"French citizens\" (Europeans, plus the Algerian Jews since Cr\u00e9mieux Decree, and a few thousand Algerian Muslims who had been granted this statute at their request), and one for 8 million people ruled by the Indig\u00e9nat statute. Each college elected 15 deputies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068633-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 French legislative election in Algeria\nThe 1951 legislative elections among the Muslim College, like the Algerian Assembly election of 1948, were rigged by the colonial administration to the detriment of the three anticolonial parties, the Movement for the Triumph of Democratic Liberties, the Democratic Union of the Algerian Manifesto and the Algerian Communist Party. The last one got two deputies in the European College, one in Alger and one in Oran.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068633-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 French legislative election in Algeria\nThese legislative elections were the last ones organized in Algeria under the Fourth Republic, in 1956 it was impossible to organize elections in the midst of the Algerian War.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068633-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 French legislative election in Algeria\nThe last French legislative elections organized in Algeria before independence were held in 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068634-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 French legislative election in Cameroon\nElections to the French National Assembly were held in French Cameroons on 17 June 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068634-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 French legislative election in Cameroon, Electoral system\nThe four seats allocated to the constituency were elected on two separate electoral rolls; French citizens elected one MP from the first college, whilst non-citizens elected three MPs in the second college, an increase from two seats in November 1946.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 62], "content_span": [63, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068635-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 French legislative election in Chad\u2013Ubangi-Shari\nElections to the French National Assembly were held in Chad and Ubangi-Shari on 17 June 1951. The territories elected four seats to the Assembly via two electoral colleges; the first college spanned both territories and elected one seat, whilst Chad elected two seats via the second college and Ubangi-Shari one. Ren\u00e9 Malbrant was re-elected from the first college, and Barth\u00e9l\u00e9my Boganda from the second in Ubangi-Shari. In the second college in Chad, both seats were won by the Chadian Democratic Union.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068636-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 French legislative election in Dahomey\nElections to the French National Assembly were held in French Dahomey on 17 June 1951. The territory elected two seats to the Assembly, which were won by Sourou-Migan Apithy of the List of the French Union and Hubert Maga of the Ethnic Group of the North. Voter turnout was 44.3%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068637-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 French legislative election in French Somaliland\nElections to the French National Assembly were held in French Somaliland on 17 June 1951 as part of the wider French parliamentary elections. Edmond Magendie was elected as the territory's MP, defeating the incumbent Jean-Carles Martine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068638-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 French legislative election in French Sudan\nElections to the French National Assembly were held in French Sudan on 17 June 1951 as part of the wider French parliamentary elections. Four members were elected, with the Sudanese Progressive Party winning three (taken by Fily Dabo Sissoko, Jean Silvandre and Hamadoun Dicko) and the Sudanese Union \u2013 African Democratic Rally one (Mamadou Konat\u00e9).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068639-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 French legislative election in Gabon\u2013Moyen Congo\nElections to the French National Assembly were held in Gabon and French Congo on 17 June 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068640-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 French legislative election in Guinea\nElections to the French National Assembly were held in Guinea on 17 June 1951. The number of seats Guinea had in the Assembly had increased from two to three. Suffrage was also extended, with the number of registered voters increasing from 131,309 in the 1946 election to 393,628 in 1951, although voter turnout decreased from 73% to 57%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068640-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 French legislative election in Guinea\nThe Socialist List of the Guinean Union won two seats (Yacine Diallo and Albert Liurette) with the Guinean Agreement winning the other (Mamba Sano).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068641-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 French legislative election in Ivory Coast\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Number 57 (talk | contribs) at 20:55, 15 September 2020 (Results). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068641-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 French legislative election in Ivory Coast\nElections to the French National Assembly were held in Ivory Coast on 17 June 1951 as part of the wider parliamentary elections. The African Democratic Rally (F\u00e9lix Houphou\u00ebt-Boigny) and French Union (S\u00e9kou Sanogo) each won a single seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068642-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 French legislative election in Mauritania\nElections to the French National Assembly were held in Mauritania on 17 June 1951. Mauritania had one seat in the Assembly, which was won by Sidi el-Mokhtar N'Diaye, a member of the Mauritanian Progressive Union. He defeated the incumbent, Horma Ould Babana, who had been elected as a member of the French Section of the Workers' International in the last election, but had since gone on to leave the SFIO and form his own party, the Mauritanian Entente.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068642-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 French legislative election in Mauritania, Background\nThe UPM was a conservative and regionally based organisation that had been expressly formed in order to oppose Babana's Mauritanian Entente. The party was supported by the colonial administration and its allies, the traditional Maure secular and clerical ruling classes, who feared the Mauritanian Entente's \"socialist\" program. Babana had spent much of his five-year term in Paris, resulting in him becoming disconnected from the changing Mauritanian political climate, and contributing to a sense of alienation from him amongst Mauritanians. This was reinforced by his strong defence of Moorish interests, which served to alienate black Mauritanians, and also by his disinterest in Mauritanian independence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 58], "content_span": [59, 768]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068643-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 French legislative election in Niger\nElections to the French National Assembly were held in Niger on 17 June 1951 as part of the wider French elections. The Union of Nigerien Independents and Sympathisers won both seats, taken by Georges Condat and Zodi Ikhia", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068643-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 French legislative election in Niger, Campaign\nThe Independent List included Fran\u00e7ois Borrey, who had unsuccessfully contested the November 1946 elections, and Dabo Aboudakar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 51], "content_span": [52, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068644-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 French legislative election in Senegal\nElections to the French National Assembly were held in Senegal on 17 June 1951 as part of the wider French elections. Two members were elected from the territory, both of which were won by the Senegalese Democratic Bloc. Abbas Gueye and L\u00e9opold S\u00e9dar Senghor were the two elected members.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068645-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 French legislative election in Togo\nElections to the French National Assembly were held in French Togoland on 17 June 1951 as part of the wider French elections. Nicolas Grunitzky of the Togolese Party of Progress was elected with 61% of the vote, defeating the incumbent Martin Aku. The result was a reversal of the November 1946 election, in which Aku defeated Grunitzky.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068646-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 French legislative election in Upper Volta\nElections to the French National Assembly were held in Upper Volta on 17 June 1951, as part of the wider French elections. The Voltaic Union (UV) won three of the four seats, which were taken by Joseph Conombo, Henri Guissou, Mamadou Ou\u00e9draogo, whilst Nazi Boni won the other seat on the Economic and Social Action in the Interests of Upper Volta list, although he remained a member of the UV.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068647-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 French legislative election in the Comoros\nElections to the French National Assembly were held in the Comoros on 17 June 1951. The territory elected a single seat, won by Sa\u00efd Mohamed Cheikh.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068648-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 French rugby league tour of Australia and New Zealand\nThe 1951 French rugby league tour of Australia and New Zealand was the first ever tour of Australasia by any French sports team in history. Puig Aubert captained the France national rugby league team who played 28 matches in total in both Australia and New Zealand, winning 21 of them in what is regarded as the high point in the history of rugby league in France. The Australian Test series resulted in a 2\u20131 victory to France; however, the tourists then lost their match against the New Zealand national rugby league team. Welcoming the team home to Marseille, more than 150,000 people turned out for a street parade.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 678]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068648-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 French rugby league tour of Australia and New Zealand, Touring squad\nThe French side was coached by former internationals Robert Samatan and Jean Duhau, and was captained by Puig Aubert. France had just claimed the 1950\u201351 European Rugby League Championship before embarking on the tour. The squad's average age was 26.5 years. The backs' average weight was 11.1 stone (70\u00a0kg) while the forwards' was 14.5 stone (92\u00a0kg). Claude Teisseire, half back for Carcassonne and Lucien Barris, a forward, were initially selected in the squad but did not tour. The Rugby League News published  (Position, Occupation, Age, Height and Weight).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 73], "content_span": [74, 635]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068648-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 French rugby league tour of Australia and New Zealand, Touring squad\nFrance's captain Puig Aubert had been offered a large contract to play in Sydney but returned to his homeland where he was voted French sportsman of the year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 73], "content_span": [74, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068648-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 French rugby league tour of Australia and New Zealand, Australian leg\nThe tour's Australian leg featured games played in every mainland State capital except Adelaide, drawing a total of over 450,000 spectators.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 74], "content_span": [75, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068648-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 French rugby league tour of Australia and New Zealand, Australian leg\nMonaro: FB: Max Preston (age 20) ( Queanbeyan), WG: Don Stewart (24) ( Bombala), CE: Doug McRitchie (27) (, Queanbeyan), CE: Tom Hodges (21) (Adaminaby), WG: Terry Fogarty ( Goulburn), FE: P. Schumack (19) (Bega), HB: Ken Brogan (c) (24) ( Cooma), PR: Ted Schell (19) ( Norths), HK: Ken Fogarty (22) ( Goulburn), PR: K. Barber (21) (Bega), SR: Bruce Grant (21) ( Eden), SR: Bob Alexander (26) ( Canberra), LK: Pat Rankin (20) ( Norths). Jack Melville ( Captain's Flat) was selected as a reserve, but did not play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 74], "content_span": [75, 588]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068648-0004-0001", "contents": "1951 French rugby league tour of Australia and New Zealand, Australian leg\nJack Southwell (25) ( Canberra) was selected, but withdrew due to injury. France:  Puig Aubert, Ode Lespes, Gaston Comes, Maurice Andre, Raymond Contrastin, Robert Caillou, Jean Dop, Paul Bartoletti, Gabriel Genoud, Andre Beraud, Michael Lopez, \u00c9lie Brousse, Gaston CalixteThe Daily Telegraph included a match report from France's tour manager, Antoine Blain, as well as their chief football writer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 74], "content_span": [75, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068648-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 French rugby league tour of Australia and New Zealand, Australian leg\nNewcastle: FB: Les Milne (age 23) ( Maitland), WG: Jack Bradley (19) ( Souths), CE: Rees Duncan (20) ( Kurri), CE: Frank Threlfo (19) ( Maitland), WG: Brian Carlson (17) ( Norths), FE: Les Brown (27) ( Maitland), HB: Eric Long (23) ( Norths), PR: Charlie Gill (c) (29) ( Norths), HK: Jack Gordon (22) ( Waratah Mayfield), PR: Jim Evans (22) ( Maitland), SR: Albert Paul (23) ( Lakes United), SR: Don Schofield (20) ( Cessnock), LK: Ben Haslam (23) ( Centrals). Coach: Col Maxwell ( Maitland).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 74], "content_span": [75, 567]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068648-0005-0001", "contents": "1951 French rugby league tour of Australia and New Zealand, Australian leg\nTwo players were selected as reserves, but did not play: Barry Redding (23) ( Norths) and Pat Donnelly (21) ( Souths). Newcastle played in red jerseys with a black V, rather than their traditional blue, to avoid a clash with the French jumpers. France:  Maurice Andre, Raymond Contrastin, Jacques Merquey, Gaston Comes, Vincent Cantoni, Maurice Bellan, Robert Caillou (c), Francois Rinaldi, Jean Audobert, Louis Mazon, Fran\u00e7ois Montrucolis, Guy Delaye, Raoul Perez", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 74], "content_span": [75, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068648-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 French rugby league tour of Australia and New Zealand, Australian leg\nWestern Districts:  FB: Oriel Kennerson ( Bathurst Charlestons), WG: Norm Jacobson (c)  ( Condobolin), CE: Leo Nosworthy ( Narromine), CE: Jack Birney ( Coolah), WG: Max Smith ( Wellington), FE: Rolf Trudgett ( Wellington), HB: William Kelly ( Lithgow Arms Factory), PR: J. West (Orange), HK: Ian Walsh ( Condobolin), PR: Frank Hogan (Mendooran), SR: Len Kable ( Coonabarabran), SR: Ron Kelly ( Forbes), LK: Ken Slattery ( Canowindra), Coach: Les Lay ( Wellington). Two players were selected as reserves, but did not play: John George ( Wellington) and W. Neil ( Cobar).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 74], "content_span": [75, 645]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068648-0007-0000", "contents": "1951 French rugby league tour of Australia and New Zealand, Australian leg\nFrance:  Puig Aubert (c), Raymond Contrastin, Ode Lespes, Maurice Bellan, Maurice Andre, Rene Duffort, Jean Dop, Francois Rinaldi, Jean Audobert, Andre Beraud, Michael Lopez, \u00c9douard Ponsinet, Fran\u00e7ois Montrucolis", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 74], "content_span": [75, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068648-0008-0000", "contents": "1951 French rugby league tour of Australia and New Zealand, Australian leg\nSydney: FB: Clive Churchill (c) (age 24) ( Souths), WG: Johnny Bliss (29) ( Manly), CE: Ray Thomas ( Easts), CE: Gordon Willoughby (24) ( Manly), WG: Johnny Graves (24) ( Souths), FE: Frank Stanmore (21) ( Wests), HB: Keith Holman (23) ( Wests), PR: Denis Donoghue (23) ( Souths), HK: Kevin Schubert (23) ( Manly), PR: Jack Holland (27) ( St George), SR: Bernie Purcell (23) ( Souths), SR: Noel Mulligan (25) ( St George), LK: Les Cowie (26) ( Souths). Johnny Hawke (26) ( St George) was initially selected but withdrew, his place being taken by Thomas. Noel Pidding (24) ( St George) and Charlie Banks (24) ( Easts) were named as reserves, but did not play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 74], "content_span": [75, 733]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068648-0009-0000", "contents": "1951 French rugby league tour of Australia and New Zealand, Australian leg\nFrance:  Puig Aubert (c), Raymond Contrastin, Jacques Merquey, Gaston Comes, Vincent Cantoni, Rene Duffort, Joseph Crespo, Paul Bartoletti, Gabriel Genoud, Louis Mazon, \u00c9douard Ponsinet, \u00c9lie Brousse, Gaston Calixte", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 74], "content_span": [75, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068648-0010-0000", "contents": "1951 French rugby league tour of Australia and New Zealand, Australian leg\nRiverina:  FB: Les Koch ( Gundagai), WG: Neil Kingsmill ( Albury Blues), CE: Bruce (Powderly, Powderley) Powdery (Boorowa), CE: Noel Bruce ( Junee), WG: John Biscaya ( Lockhart), FE: Rowley (Roley) McDonnell ( Cootamundra), HB: John Scott ( Young), PR: Don Milton ( Temora), HK: Peter Coupland ( Albury Blues), PR: Nevyl Hand (c) ( Gundagai), SR: Doug Piper ( Young), SR: Ray Green ( Cowra), LK: Peter O'Connor ( Harden). Two players were selected as reserves, but did not play: J. (Buster) Harvey ( Young), Alan Glover (Boorowa).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 74], "content_span": [75, 605]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068648-0011-0000", "contents": "1951 French rugby league tour of Australia and New Zealand, Australian leg\nFrance:  Puig Aubert, Maurice Andre, Maurice Bellan, Jacques Merquey, Ode Lespes, Robert Caillou (c), Jean Dop, Francois Rinaldi, Jean Audobert, Andre Beraud, Guy Delaye, Michael Lopez, Fran\u00e7ois Montrucolis", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 74], "content_span": [75, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068648-0012-0000", "contents": "1951 French rugby league tour of Australia and New Zealand, Australian leg, 1st Test\nAfter five matches against New South Welsh teams, the French side played the tour's first Test match against Australia in Sydney. The two countries had played four Tests against each other previously, with Australia winning all of them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 84], "content_span": [85, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068648-0013-0000", "contents": "1951 French rugby league tour of Australia and New Zealand, Australian leg, 1st Test\nAll of the French players selected for the Test had played in at least one tour match so far except their five-eighth, Charles Galaup who had only recently arrived in the country. The Australian team featured nine players from the Sydney team that drew with France nine days prior, in addition to four Queenslanders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 84], "content_span": [85, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068648-0014-0000", "contents": "1951 French rugby league tour of Australia and New Zealand, Australian leg, 1st Test\nPuig-Aubert opened the scoring with a Penalty kick. At one point France led 16\u20130, but Australia came back, starting with a penalty kick by Graves. The half time score was 16\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 84], "content_span": [85, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068648-0015-0000", "contents": "1951 French rugby league tour of Australia and New Zealand, Australian leg, 1st Test\nAustralia came back strongly in the second half. However, the game ended with the French celebrating their first ever rugby league victory against Australia. France's captain Puig Aubert was presented the Commonwealth Jubilee Cup after the match by the Governor General of Australia, William McKell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 84], "content_span": [85, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068648-0016-0000", "contents": "1951 French rugby league tour of Australia and New Zealand, Australian leg, 1st Test\nNorthern Division: FB: Ken McCrohon ( Armidale), WG: Morrie Murphy ( Inverell), CE: Norman Young ( West Tamworth), CE: Jack Goldman ( Uralla), WG: N. (Coogan) Thornton ( Uralla), FE: Ron Madden ( Inverell), HB: Eric Fraser ( Moree), PR: B. Carlton ( Walcha), HK: Alf Hardman ( Moree), PR: Arthur Henderson ( Moree), SR: Les Gilmore ( Scone), SR: Barry Jackson ( Moree), LK: Cecil Bull ( Manilla). Four players were selected as reserves, but did not play: P. Starr ( Guyra), Trevor Hong ( Armidale), R. Partridge ( West Tamworth), Neville Harrison ( Scone).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 84], "content_span": [85, 641]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068648-0017-0000", "contents": "1951 French rugby league tour of Australia and New Zealand, Australian leg, 1st Test\nFrance: FB: Maurice Andre, WG: Ode Lespes, CE: Robert Caillou, CE: Joseph Crespo, WG: Maurice Bellan, FE: Charles Galaup, HB: Jean Dop, PR: Fran\u00e7ois Rinaldi, HK: Jean Audoubert, PR: Andre Beraud, SR: Michel Lopez, SR: Guy Delaye, LK: \u00c9lie Brousse.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 84], "content_span": [85, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068648-0018-0000", "contents": "1951 French rugby league tour of Australia and New Zealand, Australian leg, 1st Test\nQueensland: FB: Nev Linde (age 24) ( Tivoli), WG: Denis Flannery (22) ( Ipswich CYM), CE: Noel Hazzard (26) (Bundaberg), CE: Rex McGlynn (24) (Bundaberg), WG: Des McGovern (25) ( Toowoomba All Whites), FE: Harry Griffiths (25) ( Booval Swifts), HB: Ken McCaffery (21) ( Toowoomba Souths), PR: Duncan Hall (23) ( Toowoomba Newtown), HK: Ron Davis ( Sarina), PR: Alan Thompson (28) ( Souths), SR: Bernie Drew (23) (Bundaberg), SR: Brian Davies (21) ( Brisbane Brothers), LK: Harold 'Mick' Crocker (24) ( Souths). Two players were selected as reserves, but did not play: Alex Watson (18) ( Wests), Gordon Teys ( Toowoomba Valleys). This match was Ron Davis' only appearance for the Maroons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 84], "content_span": [85, 772]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068648-0019-0000", "contents": "1951 French rugby league tour of Australia and New Zealand, Australian leg, 1st Test\nFrance: FB: Puig Aubert, WG: Raymond Contrastin, CE: Jacky Merquey, CE: Charles Galaup, WG: Vincent Cantoni, FE: Ren\u00e9 Duffort, HB: Joseph Crespo, PR: Paul Bartoletti, HK: Gabriel Genoud, PR: Andre Beraud, SR: Guy Delaye, SR: \u00c9douard Ponsinet, LK: Louis Mazon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 84], "content_span": [85, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068648-0020-0000", "contents": "1951 French rugby league tour of Australia and New Zealand, Australian leg, 1st Test\nCentral Queensland: FB: Alan Poole ( Brothers), WG: Sid Irvine ( Blackall), CE: Mick Hauff ( Blackall), CE: Wal Gill ( Barcaldine), WG: Leo (Jeffcoat) Jeffcoot ( Brothers), FE: Vivian (Mick) Irwin ( Blackall), HB: Bernie Johnson ( Longreach), PR: Mick Turnbull ( Blackall), HK: H. Johnson ( Railways), PR: C (Bow) Harkin ( Brothers), SR: Reg Beath ( Railways), SR: Norm Elliott ( Winton), LK: Trevor Whitehead ( Brothers). France: FB: Puig Aubert, WG: Vincent Cantoni, CE: Maurice Andre, CE: Gaston Comes, WG: Ode Lespes, FE: Maurice Bellan, HB: Ren\u00e9 Duffort, PR: Andre Beraud, HK: Jean Audoubert, PR: Fran\u00e7ois Rinaldi, SR: Fran\u00e7ois Montrucolis, SR: Michel Lopez, LK: Gaston Calixte.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 84], "content_span": [85, 768]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068648-0021-0000", "contents": "1951 French rugby league tour of Australia and New Zealand, Australian leg, 1st Test\nNorth Queensland: FB: John Jabore (age 21) ( Bucas), WG: Terry Boland (24) ( Brothers), CE: Jack Horrigan (26) ( Ayr), CE: Frank Power (23) ( Brothers), WG: Gordon Farrelly ( Kangaroos), FE: Bob Banks (21) (Charters Towers), HB: Max Short (21) ( Souths), PR: Charlie Woods (29) ( Ayr), HK: Jim (Tom) Wedesweiler (24) ( Bucas), PR: Hume Ronald (21) ( Carltons), SR: Maurice Robertson (21) ( Brothers), SR: Roy (Blondi) Greenwood (23) ( Sarina), LK: Ron McLennan (26) ( Ayr). Pat Harvey (Herbert River) was selected as a reserve, but did not play. France: FB: Puig Aubert, WG: Raymond Contrastin, CE: Gaston Comes, CE: Joseph Crespo, WG: Vincent Cantoni, FE: Jacky Merquey, HB: Charles Galaup, PR: Paul Bartoletti, HK: Gabriel Genoud, PR: Louis Mazon, SR: Fran\u00e7ois Montrucolis, SR: \u00c9douard Ponsinet, LK: Ren\u00e9 Duffort.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 84], "content_span": [85, 900]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068648-0022-0000", "contents": "1951 French rugby league tour of Australia and New Zealand, Australian leg, 1st Test\nWide Bay: FB: Ken Kennedy (Wallaroos), WG: M. Tickle (Gympie), CE: E. Barnes (Bundaberg), CE: Rex McGlynn (Bundaberg), WG: Ken Gayton (Bundaberg), FE: D. Nixon (Bundaberg), HB: N. (Tubby) Adsett ( Nambour), PR: Ivan Lloyd-Jones (Bundaberg), HK: Dennis Jackwitz (Bundaberg), PR: M. Kasmer (Bundaberg), SR: B. Long (Gympie), SR: Tom Hooper ( Nambour), LK: Keith Kendrick (Wallaroos). France: FB: Charles Galaup, WG: Maurice Andre, CE: Maurice Bellan, CE: Fran\u00e7ois Montrucolis, WG: Ode Lespes, FE: Robert Caillou, HB: Jean Dop, PR: Martin Martin, HK: Jean Audoubert, PR: Andre Beraud, SR: Guy Delaye, SR: Fran\u00e7ois Rinaldi, LK: Michel Lopez", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 84], "content_span": [85, 721]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068648-0023-0000", "contents": "1951 French rugby league tour of Australia and New Zealand, Australian leg, 2nd Test\nAfter five matches against Queensland teams, the French side played the tour's second Test match against Australia in Brisbane.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 84], "content_span": [85, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068648-0024-0000", "contents": "1951 French rugby league tour of Australia and New Zealand, Australian leg, 2nd Test\nOnly one change was made to the French team for the second Test: five-eighth Charles Galaup was replaced by Jacques Merquey. This time The Australian test team included six Queenslanders and returned to its winning ways with a 23\u201311 victory. Following a head clash with French prop forward Louis Mazon in the second half, Australian captain Clive Churchill was assisted from the field.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 84], "content_span": [85, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068648-0025-0000", "contents": "1951 French rugby league tour of Australia and New Zealand, Australian leg, 2nd Test\nFrance were leading 12\u20137 at half time. However, in the second half Brisbane captain and five-eighth, George Atherdon scored a try and his side was leading 16\u201315 with seven minutes remaining. France were awarded a penalty near the half-way line and Puig-Aubert scored a drop-goal from about 53 yards out two minutes from full-time. Aubert reached a points total for the tour of 112, thus passing Briton Ernest Ward's total of 106 the previous year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 84], "content_span": [85, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068648-0026-0000", "contents": "1951 French rugby league tour of Australia and New Zealand, Australian leg, 2nd Test\nBrisbane: FB: Norm Pope ( Valleys), WG: Wally McDonald ( Wests), CE: Alex Watson ( Wests), CE: Nev Wilson ( Souths), WG: Robert Kille ( Easts), FE: George Atherden ( Norths), HB: Ron Stanton ( Easts), PR: William Sims ( Wests), HK: Terry Coman ( Brothers), PR: Keith Blackford ( Wynnum), SR: Jack Fallon ( Brothers), SR: Brian Davies ( Brothers), LK: Harold (Mick) Crocker ( Souths). The following were selected as reserves, but did not play: Doug Anderson ( Valleys), Len Blaik ( Easts) and Col McAllister ( Wests).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 84], "content_span": [85, 601]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068648-0026-0001", "contents": "1951 French rugby league tour of Australia and New Zealand, Australian leg, 2nd Test\nAlan Thompson ( Souths) was initially selected to captain the Brisbane side, but withdrew after acquiring an injury in the Second Test. France: FB: Puig Aubert, WG: Maurice Andre, CE: Michel Lopez, CE: Maurice Bellan, WG: Ode Lespes, FE: Charles Galaup, HB: Robert Caillou, PR: Andre Beraud, HK: Jean Audoubert, PR: Martin Martin, SR: Fran\u00e7ois Rinaldi, SR: Guy DelayeLK: Fran\u00e7ois Montrucolis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 84], "content_span": [85, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068648-0027-0000", "contents": "1951 French rugby league tour of Australia and New Zealand, Australian leg, 2nd Test\nToowoomba: FB: William Sullivan ( All Whites), WG: Pat McMahon ( Souths), CE: Athol Halpin ( All Whites), CE: Sammy Hunter ( Souths), WG: Max Higgins ( Valleys), FE: Jim Heidke ( Valleys), HB: Ken McCaffery ( Souths), PR: Duncan Hall ( Newtown), HK: Kev Boshammer ( All Whites), PR: Jack Rooney ( All Whites), SR: Bill Beardsworth ( Valleys), SR: Gordon Teys ( Valleys), LK: Ron (Roy) Teys ( Valleys). Coach: Duncan Thompson (Toowoomba ). Bill Callinan ( Newtown) was originally selected, but withdrew. He was replaced in the line-up by Hunter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 84], "content_span": [85, 629]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068648-0027-0001", "contents": "1951 French rugby league tour of Australia and New Zealand, Australian leg, 2nd Test\nThe following players were also selected as reserves, but did not play: Des McGovern ( All Whites), W. Hookway ( Souths) and Neil Teys ( Valleys). France: FB: Puig Aubert, WG: Ode Lespes, CE: Jacky Merquey, CE: Ren\u00e9 Duffort, WG: Vincent Cantoni, FE: Charles Galaup, HB: Joseph Crespo, PR: Gabriel Genoud, HK: Martin Martin, PR: Paul Bartoletti, SR: Fran\u00e7ois Rinaldi, SR: \u00c9lie Brousse, LK: Fran\u00e7ois Montrucolis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 84], "content_span": [85, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068648-0028-0000", "contents": "1951 French rugby league tour of Australia and New Zealand, Australian leg, 2nd Test\nNorth Coast: FB: Allan Lawson (Coffs), WG: Ken McDonald (Taree-Old Bar), CE: Colin Sherwood (Murwillumbah), CE: Alby Duncan ( Bowraville), WG: Ron Algie (Taree-Old Bar), FE: Austin White (Taree Brown's Creek Taree), HB: Eric Carney ( Wauchope), PR: Basil Cook (Taree-Old Bar), HK: Kevin McKiernan (Kempsey CYM), PR: Bob Campbell ( Bowraville), SR: Rex Chaffer (Macksville), SR: George Alaban (Macksville), LK: K. Killett (Macksville). J. McNamara (Bonalbo) was selected in the team to play South Sydney and France, but played only in the match against Souths on June 16.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 84], "content_span": [85, 655]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068648-0028-0001", "contents": "1951 French rugby league tour of Australia and New Zealand, Australian leg, 2nd Test\nN. Walsham ( Grafton All Blacks) was selected as a reserve for both matches, but did not play against France. North Coast played in black and white jerseys in both matches. France: FB: Puig Aubert, WG: Raymond Contrastin, CE: Robert Caillou, CE: Maurice Bellan, WG: Ode Lespes, FE: Charles Galaup, HB: Jean Dop, PR: Andre Beraud, HK: Jean Audoubert, PR: Louis Mazon, SR: Michel Lopez, SR: \u00c9lie Brousse, LK: Raoul Perez.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 84], "content_span": [85, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068648-0029-0000", "contents": "1951 French rugby league tour of Australia and New Zealand, Australian leg, 2nd Test\nNew South Wales: FB: Clive Churchill (24) ( Souths), WG: Noel Pidding (24) ( St George), CE: Johnny Hawke (25) ( St George), CE: Col Cooper (25) ( Canterbury), WG: Ron Roberts (23) ( St George), FE: Wally O'Connell (28) ( Manly), HB: Keith Holman (23) ( Wests), PR: Fred Brown (25) ( Manly), HK: Kevin Schubert (23) ( Manly), PR: Denis Donoghue (23) ( Souths), SR: Noel Mulligan (25) ( St George), SR: Charlie Banks (24) ( Easts), LK: Les Cowie (26) ( Souths).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 84], "content_span": [85, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068648-0029-0001", "contents": "1951 French rugby league tour of Australia and New Zealand, Australian leg, 2nd Test\nThe following players were selected as reserves, but didi not play: Harry Wells (19) ( Souths), and Bernie Purcell (23) ( Souths). France: FB: Puig Aubert, WG: Raymond Contrastin, CE: Jacky Merquey, CE: Gaston Comes, WG: Vincent Cantoni, FE: Charles Galaup, HB: Joseph Crespo, PR: Paul Bartoletti, HK: Martin Martin, PR: Louis Mazon, SR: \u00c9lie Brousse, SR: \u00c9douard Ponsinet, LK: Ren\u00e9 Duffort", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 84], "content_span": [85, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068648-0030-0000", "contents": "1951 French rugby league tour of Australia and New Zealand, Australian leg, 2nd Test\nSouthern Division: FB: Ross Thomas ( Wollongong), WG: Terry Cook ( C.B.C. ), CE: Jack (Johnny) Seymour ( Bowral), CE: Len Torpy ( Wollongong), WG: Arthur Thompson ( Nowra), FE: Johnny Rouse ( Nowra), HB: Jack McDonald ( Kiama), PR: Bill Burgess ( Wollongong), HK: Bill Bolt ( C.B.C. ), PR: Jim Ralston ( Port Kembla), SR: Angus Miller ( Berry), SR: Bruce Smith ( Thirroul), LK: Don Townsend ( Port Kembla), Coach: Harry Nolan ( Wests). Ian Moir ( Port Kembla) was originally selected in the team, but did not play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 84], "content_span": [85, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068648-0030-0001", "contents": "1951 French rugby league tour of Australia and New Zealand, Australian leg, 2nd Test\nHe was replaced on the wing by Arthur Thompson. Les Gillard ( Picton) and Keith Clark ( Camden) were selected as reserves, but did not play. France: FB: Gaston Comes, WG: Raoul Perez, CE: Maurice Bellan, CE: Ren\u00e9 Duffort, WG: Ode Lespes, FE: Robert Caillou, HB: Jean Dop, PR: Paul Bartoletti, HK: Jean Audoubert, PR: Andre Beraud, SR: Guy Delaye, SR: Michel Lopez, LK: Fran\u00e7ois Montrucolis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 84], "content_span": [85, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068648-0031-0000", "contents": "1951 French rugby league tour of Australia and New Zealand, Australian leg, 3rd Test\nThe French team travelled back from Queensland to Sydney for the third and deciding Test match of the series. The Australians were slight favourites to win the match. People began to queue up in bitterly cold winds the night before the match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 84], "content_span": [85, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068648-0032-0000", "contents": "1951 French rugby league tour of Australia and New Zealand, Australian leg, 3rd Test\nFrench captain and fullback Puig Aubert kicked 7 goals and his half back Joseph Crespo scored three tries as the tourists overpowered Australia to claim the Test series. This was the last test match for Australian five-eighth Wally O'Connell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 84], "content_span": [85, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068648-0033-0000", "contents": "1951 French rugby league tour of Australia and New Zealand, New Zealand leg\nFrance defeated Canterbury 13\u20137 in front of 13,000 at the Show Grounds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 75], "content_span": [76, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068648-0034-0000", "contents": "1951 French rugby league tour of Australia and New Zealand, New Zealand leg, Test Match\nNew Zealand defeated France 16\u201315 in a \"brutal match\" at Carlaw Park. Des White kicked the winning penalty goal after the full-time siren had sounded to seal victory in \"one of the most dramatic and dirtiest games ever played by the Kiwis\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 87], "content_span": [88, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068648-0035-0000", "contents": "1951 French rugby league tour of Australia and New Zealand, New Zealand leg, Test Match\nFirst it was West Coast five-eighth George \"Geordie\" Menzies forced off with a cheekbone broken by a French head-butt. Then it was Otago's 1946 All Black halfback, Jimmy Haig with a broken jaw. Also Charlie McBride was bitten.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 87], "content_span": [88, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068648-0036-0000", "contents": "1951 French rugby league tour of Australia and New Zealand, New Zealand leg, Test Match\nIn the mid-second half, a brawl erupted amongst the forwards. French prop and national middleweight champion, Louis Mazon, was heavily involved. It took referee J. Griffen three minutes to separate the combatants. Ten minutes later, when the touch judges and officials intervened and things finally settled down, Griffen sent France's hooker Martin Martin from the field for throwing mud at him, but the Frenchman refused to go. The president of the French Rugby League, Anton Blain, and his New Zealand counterpart, Jack Redwood, came on and eventually persuaded Martin to leave the field.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 87], "content_span": [88, 678]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068648-0037-0000", "contents": "1951 French rugby league tour of Australia and New Zealand, New Zealand leg, Test Match\nNo replacements were allowed so the game wound down with 11 Kiwis on the field against 12 Frenchmen. There was no ground clock or siren in those days and the players had to listen for the chimes from the nearby University of Auckland wedding-cake tower to get an indication of time remaining. They knew that it was usually all over by 4 pm, but this game went well past four.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 87], "content_span": [88, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068648-0038-0000", "contents": "1951 French rugby league tour of Australia and New Zealand, New Zealand leg, Test Match\nIn the final seconds of the match New Zealand wing Bevin Hough, a 1950 British Empire Games silver medal-winning sprinter, was heading for the Domain Stand corner and a certain try when he was taken out by a high shot from Cantoni. White was then called to kick. He backed up against the white picket fence sideline on the domain side, and sent the ball sailing between the posts, the crowd roaring before it got there.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 87], "content_span": [88, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068648-0039-0000", "contents": "1951 French rugby league tour of Australia and New Zealand, New Zealand leg, Test Match\nThe bitterness continued. One of the Frenchmen attacked Maurie Robertson, leaping onto his back as he left the field, and a touch judge was knocked to the ground. As the crowd gathered to congratulate the Kiwis, the French spat at them. Later however, at the after-match dinner the French were gentlemen, conceding victory to the better side. Puig Aubert shook White's hand and congratulated him on the match-winning goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 87], "content_span": [88, 510]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068648-0040-0000", "contents": "1951 French rugby league tour of Australia and New Zealand, New Zealand leg, Test Match\nThe 50th anniversary of this match was commemorated during the 2001 French rugby league tour of New Zealand and Papua New Guinea with another Test between New Zealnd and France in Auckland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 87], "content_span": [88, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068648-0041-0000", "contents": "1951 French rugby league tour of Australia and New Zealand, New Zealand leg, Test Match\nTwo days after the one-off Test match France returned to Carlaw Park to play Auckland. France won 15\u201310 in front of 30,000 spectators. Auckland included Des White, Jimmy Edwards, Tommy Baxter, Cyril Eastlake, Bevin Hough, Bruce Robertson, captain Des Barchard, Cliff Johnson, George Davidson, Graham Burgoyne, Doug Richards-Jolley, Clarence Hurndell and Allan Wiles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 87], "content_span": [88, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068648-0042-0000", "contents": "1951 French rugby league tour of Australia and New Zealand, New Zealand leg, Test Match\nDuring this match, French half-back Jean Dop was running for the ball when he was struck by a spectator, prompting police to move the crowd from the area.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 87], "content_span": [88, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068648-0043-0000", "contents": "1951 French rugby league tour of Australia and New Zealand, Australian return leg\nFollowing the New Zealand of the tour, the French returned to Australia for another 3 matches before heading home.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 81], "content_span": [82, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068648-0044-0000", "contents": "1951 French rugby league tour of Australia and New Zealand, Australian return leg\nA New South Wales XIII: FB: Ron Willey ( Canterbury), WG: Jack Lumsden ( Manly), CE: Gordon Willoughby ( Manly), CE: Matt McCoy ( St George), WG: John McClean ( Norths), FE: Greg Hawick ( Souths), HB: Col Donohoe ( Easts), PR: Bryan Orrock ( Souths), HK: Kevin Schubert ( Manly), PR: Fred Brown ( Manly), SR: Ferris Ashton ( Easts), SR: Jack Rayner ( Souths), LK: Nev Charlton ( Canterbury). Kevin Woolfe ( Souths) and Tom Tyrrell ( Balmain) were selected as reserves, but did not play. France: FB: Puig Aubert, WG: Raymond Contrastin, CE: Joseph Crespo, CE: Maurice Bellan, WG: Vincent Cantoni, FE: Charles Galaup, HB: Jean Dop, PR: Andre Beraud, HK: Martin Martin, PR: Louis Mazon, SR: \u00c9lie Brousse, SR: \u00c9douard Ponsinet, LK: Gaston Calixte.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 81], "content_span": [82, 825]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068648-0045-0000", "contents": "1951 French rugby league tour of Australia and New Zealand, Australian return leg\nAn Australian XIII: FB: Clive Churchill ( Souths), WG: Bill Dickason ( Victoria), CE: Kevin Woolfe ( Souths), CE: Noel Hazzard (Bundaberg), WG: John McClean ( Norths), FE: Greg Hawick ( Souths), HB: Ken McCaffery ( Souths), PR: J. Balmain ( Victoria), HK: Ernie Hammerton ( Souths), PR: Gordon Teys ( Valleys), SR: Brian Davies ( Brothers), SR: Jack Rayner ( Souths), LK: Harold Crocker ( Souths). B. Pease ( Victoria) and R. Jackson ( Victoria) were selected as reserves, but did not play. France: FB: Puig Aubert, WG: Maurice Andre, CE: Joseph Crespo, CE: Robert Caillou, WG: Raymond Contrastin, FE: Charles Galaup, HB: Jean Dop, PR: Andre Beraud, HK: Martin Martin, PR: Jean Audoubert, SR: \u00c9douard Ponsinet, SR: \u00c9lie Brousse, LK: Gaston Calixte.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 81], "content_span": [82, 830]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068648-0046-0000", "contents": "1951 French rugby league tour of Australia and New Zealand, Australian return leg\nWestern Australia: FB: Joe McGuiness ( Fremantle), WG: Bob Sampson (20) (Nedlands), CE: Norm Plester (18) ( South Perth), CE: W. Nicholson (Perth), WG: R. Quinlan ( South Perth), FE: Stan Saxon (20) ( South Perth), HB: L. Leavy ( South Perth), PR: G. Vooles ( South Perth), HK: K. Allen ( Fremantle), PR: R. Robinson (Eastern Suburbs), SR: Joe Stewart ( South Perth), SR: Bob Patching (19) ( South Perth), LK: Terry Sullivan (32) ( Fremantle), Coach: Arthur Folwell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 81], "content_span": [82, 548]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068648-0046-0001", "contents": "1951 French rugby league tour of Australia and New Zealand, Australian return leg\nThe following were included in an initial, extended squad, but did not play:  M. Hawthorn ( Victoria Park), P. Hobart ( Cottesloe), K. Hodges ( Applecross), D. McDonald ( Fremantle), J. McDonald ( Fremantle), T. Myles ( Cottesloe). France: FB: Puig Aubert, WG: Vincent Cantoni, CE: Joseph Crespo, CE: Maurice Andre, WG: Raymond Contrastin, FE: Robert Caillou, HB: Jean Dop, PR: Andre Beraud, HK: Martin Martin, PR: Jean Audoubert, SR: \u00c9lie Brousse, SR: \u00c9douard Ponsinet, LK: Gaston Calixte.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 81], "content_span": [82, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068649-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Fresno State Bulldogs football team\nThe 1951 Fresno State Bulldogs football team represented Fresno State College during the 1951 college football season. The Bulldogs competed as an Independent in the 1951 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068649-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Fresno State Bulldogs football team\nThe team was led by second-year head coach Duke Jacobs and played home games at Ratcliffe Stadium on the campus of Fresno City College in Fresno, California. They finished the season with a record of five wins and five losses (5\u20135).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068649-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Fresno State Bulldogs football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Fresno State Bulldogs were selected in the 1952 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 65], "content_span": [66, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068650-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Gambian legislative election\nLegislative elections were held in the Gambia in 1951. They were the first election to feature political parties, as the Democratic Party and the Muslim Congress Party had been founded earlier in the year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068650-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Gambian legislative election, Results\nThere were only three elected seats in the Legislative Council at the time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068651-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Gator Bowl\nThe 1951 Gator Bowl was an American college football bowl game played on January 1, 1951, at Gator Bowl Stadium in Jacksonville, Florida. It was the sixth annual playing of the Gator Bowl. The game pitted the Wyoming Cowboys, champions of the Skyline Conference (also known as the Mountain States Conference), against the Washington and Lee Generals, champions of the Southern Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068651-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Gator Bowl, Background\nThe Generals won the Southern Conference with a perfect conference record, led by quarterback Gil Bocetti and fullback Walt Michaels, though Michaels would be out due to an appendicitis. They had wins over West Virginia, Virginia Tech, Louisville, and Richmond while losing to Virginia and Tennessee. They were the first team from Virginia to play in a bowl game. The Cowboys were champions of the Mountain States Conference and had finished the regular season undefeated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 27], "content_span": [28, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068651-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Gator Bowl, Game summary\nAfter a scoreless first quarter, the Cowboys started a crucial second quarter with an Eddie Talboom touchdown pass to Dick Campbell. A crucial point in the game came on the following drive by the Generals. Bocetti was driving his team down the field when his pass was intercepted by Selmer Pederson. Talboom drove his team down the field, culminated by a touchdown run by Talboom himself, as it was 13\u20130 at halftime. Despite outgaining them in yards, the Generals could not capitalize on scoring until it was too late.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 29], "content_span": [30, 548]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068651-0002-0001", "contents": "1951 Gator Bowl, Game summary\nMeanwhile, in the third quarter, fullback John Melton added in his own touchdown run, making it 20\u20130. With the game already decided, the Generals added a meaningless touchdown run by Gil Bocetti as the Cowboys won their first ever bowl game. Talboom went 10 for 14 for 141 yards and also rushed for 31 yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 29], "content_span": [30, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068651-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Gator Bowl, Aftermath\nThis would start Wyoming's streak of bowl game wins, winning three more before their first loss in 1968. They have not played in the Gator Bowl since this game. The Generals have never played in a bowl game since this game, as they now play in Division III.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 26], "content_span": [27, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068652-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Gent\u2013Wevelgem\nThe 1951 Gent\u2013Wevelgem was the 13th edition of the Gent\u2013Wevelgem cycle race and was held on 25 March 1951. The race started in Ghent and finished in Wevelgem. The race was won by Andr\u00e9 Rosseel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068653-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 George Washington Colonials football team\nThe 1951 George Washington Colonials football team was an American football team that represented George Washington University as part of the Southern Conference during the 1951 college football season. In their fourth season under head coach Bo Rowland, the team compiled a 2\u20136\u20131 record (2\u20133\u20131 in the SoCon).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068654-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Georgia Bulldogs football team\nThe 1951 Georgia Bulldogs football team represented the Georgia Bulldogs of the University of Georgia during the 1951 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068655-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team\nThe 1951 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team represented the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets of the Georgia Institute of Technology during the 1951 college football season. The team was named national champion by Berryman and co-champion by Boand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068656-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 German Grand Prix\nThe 1951 German Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 29 July 1951 at the N\u00fcrburgring Nordschleife. It was race 6 of 8 in the 1951 World Championship of Drivers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068656-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 German Grand Prix, Report\nAlfa Romeo once again fielded four cars, with local driver Paul Pietsch replacing Consalvo Sanesi, joining Fangio, Farina and Bonetto. Following on from their maiden victory at Silverstone, Ferrari also entered four drivers. Piero Taruffi rejoined their lineup, alongside Ascari, Villoresi and British Grand Prix winner Jos\u00e9 Froil\u00e1n Gonz\u00e1lez. Ferrari continued their good form from the previous event, with Ascari and Gonz\u00e1lez the fastest two qualifiers. Fangio and Farina completed the front row, with Villoresi, Taruffi and Pietsch making up the second row.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 590]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068656-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 German Grand Prix, Report\nNino Farina initially took the lead, but, by the end of the first lap, had been passed by Fangio, Ascari and Gonz\u00e1lez. Paul Pietsch was running in fifth, but ended up at the back of the field after going off on the second lap. When Farina was forced to retire due to overheating problems, Fangio was left as the sole Alfa Romeo able to take the fight to the Ferrari drivers. Alberto Ascari took the lead on the fifth lap as a result of Fangio's first pitstop, but Fangio returned to the lead when Ascari took to the pits.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 552]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068656-0002-0001", "contents": "1951 German Grand Prix, Report\nAs the Alfas required two pitstops, as opposed to just one for the Ferraris, Fangio needed to build a large lead in his second stint if he wanted to retain the lead after his second stop. He was unable to do so, therefore Ascari reclaimed the lead on the fifteenth lap of the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068656-0002-0002", "contents": "1951 German Grand Prix, Report\nDue to a misbehaving engine and a gearbox with only 3rd and 4th (4th being the highest gear), Fangio was unable to take advantage of an unexpected tyre change for Ascari, meaning that the Italian took his maiden World Championship race victory by over half a minute from Fangio. Gonz\u00e1lez completed the podium, with the remaining points positions going to the other works Ferraris of Villoresi and Taruffi.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068656-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 German Grand Prix, Report\nAscari's victory took him to second in the Championship standings, ten points adrift of Fangio, who extended his lead from the previous race. After his second consecutive podium, Jos\u00e9 Froil\u00e1n Gonz\u00e1lez moved up to third in the standings, level on points with Farina and Villoresi.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068657-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 German football championship\nThe 1951 German football championship was the culmination of the football season in the West Germany in 1950\u201351. 1. FC Kaiserslautern were crowned champions for the first time after a group stage and a final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068658-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Giro d'Italia\nThe 1951 Giro d'Italia was the 34th\u00a0edition of the Giro d'Italia, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Giro started off in Milan on 19 May with a 202\u00a0km (125.5\u00a0mi) flat stage and concluded back in Milan with a 172\u00a0km (106.9\u00a0mi) relatively flat mass-start stage on 10 June. Fourteen teams entered the race, which was won by Italian Fiorenzo Magni of the Ganna team. Second and third respectively were Belgian Rik Van Steenbergen and Swiss rider Ferdinand K\u00fcbler.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068658-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Giro d'Italia, Teams\nA total of 14 teams were invited to participate in the 1951 Giro d'Italia. Each team sent a squad of seven riders, so the Giro began with a peloton of 98 cyclists. Italy had the most participants with 80, the foreign participation included Belgium (9), Switzerland (5), and France (4). Out of the 98 riders that started this edition of the Giro d'Italia, a total of 75 riders made it to the finish in Milan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 25], "content_span": [26, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068658-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Giro d'Italia, Pre-race favorites\nIt was widely believed that the competing field was very international than in years past at the Giro and it contained all the great cycling champions at the moment. Reigning champion Hugo Koblet (Guerra) entered the race to defend his crown. Koblet did not have a successful early season. Fausto Coppi and his Bianchi team were regarded as the strongest team. Coppi, who had broken his collarbone earlier in the 1951 season during the Milano\u2013Torino, had recently shown his strength as he finished second overall at the Tour de Romandie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 38], "content_span": [39, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068658-0002-0001", "contents": "1951 Giro d'Italia, Pre-race favorites\nNouelliste Valaisan wrote the even with Gino Bartali (Bartali) and Fiorenzo Magni's (Ganna) participation, that Coppi was the only hope for an Italian victory. Bartali was seen as a rider that could surprise, but not win the race. His most notable result was a second-place finish at La Fl\u00e8che Wallonne. Magni was viewed as dangerous prospect; he won Milano\u2013Torino and his third straight Tour of Flanders in April. As a whole, the \"Big Three\" of Italian cycling were seen as the only Italian riders with legitimate chances to win the title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 38], "content_span": [39, 579]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068658-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Giro d'Italia, Pre-race favorites\nFrance's Louison Bobet (Bottecchia) was viewed as a strong candidate and in strong form. Bobet had placed third at the previous year's Tour de France, entered as the French national road race champion, and had won the Milan\u2013San_Remo earlier that season. Swiss rider Fritz Sch\u00e4r (Arbos) was seen as a candidate to win the race as well. Frejus' Ferdinand K\u00fcbler, who won the 1950 Tour de France, participated as well with the hopes of winning the general classification. K\u00fcbler had a successful start to the 1951 campaign with victories at La Fl\u00e8che Wallonne and Li\u00e8ge\u2013Bastogne\u2013Li\u00e8ge.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 38], "content_span": [39, 621]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068658-0003-0001", "contents": "1951 Giro d'Italia, Pre-race favorites\nNouvelliste Valaisan speculated K\u00fcbler would not try to defend his Tour title in order to give the Giro his best effort. Coppi, Kubler, and Bobet were named among several media outlets to be the top contenders to win the race. The Girardengo team was viewed to be very strong, in part due to the fact the team possessed three riders with a history of winning the world championship men's road race: Marcel Kint (1938), Briek Schotte (1948 & 1950), and Rik Van Steenbergen (1949). Schotte finished second at the 1948 Tour de France (Bartali won the race overall).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 38], "content_span": [39, 601]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068658-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Giro d'Italia, Route and stages\nThe route was revealed on 5 February 1951. There were three rest days that divided the twenty stages. The route averaged 200\u00a0km (124\u00a0mi) per stage. An alternate route through the Dolomites was created by the organizers in the chances that the Pordoi Pass, Passo Rolle, and the Falzarego Pass were not cross-able. The race did exit Italy to enter Switzerland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 36], "content_span": [37, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068658-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Giro d'Italia, Route and stages\nThere were some rule changes prior to the 1951 edition. Due to some complaints regarding Koblet's win the year prior, which some credited due to the time bonuses he had garnered from intermediate sprints, summits, and stage finishes, all time bonuses were removed from the race. In addition, the intermediate sprint classification was removed as a whole. Nouvelliste Valaisan felt the changes would make the cyclists lose interest. In addition, rules were changed regarding flat tires, riders would have to change the inner tube rather than change wheels.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 36], "content_span": [37, 592]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068658-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 Giro d'Italia, Route and stages\nThe opening stages and the stages between the second and third rest days were thought to be easy, while the last four stages would be the hardest. A writer for Nouvelliste Valaisan felt the Giro had begun to open more to international riders, it has drawn the attention of the Tour de France organizers. At the time it was regarded as one of the top three stage races in the world, along with the Tour de France and the Tour de Suisse.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 36], "content_span": [37, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068658-0007-0000", "contents": "1951 Giro d'Italia, Classification leadership\nThe leader of the general classification \u2013 calculated by adding the stage finish times of each rider \u2013 wore a pink jersey. This classification is the most important of the race, and its winner is considered as the winner of the Giro.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 45], "content_span": [46, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068658-0008-0000", "contents": "1951 Giro d'Italia, Classification leadership\nTwo additional jerseys were in use. The green jersey was given to the best foreign cyclist in the general classification; it was won by Belgian Rik Van Steenbergen. The white jersey was given to the best cyclist riding with a licence for independents; this was won by Arrigo Padovan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 45], "content_span": [46, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068658-0009-0000", "contents": "1951 Giro d'Italia, Classification leadership\nIn the mountains classification, the race organizers selected different mountains that the route crossed and awarded points to the riders who crossed them first. The winner of the team classification was determined by adding the finish times of the best three cyclists per team together and the team with the lowest total time was the winner. If a team had fewer than three riders finish, they were not eligible for the classification.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 45], "content_span": [46, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068658-0010-0000", "contents": "1951 Giro d'Italia, Classification leadership\nThere was a black jersey (maglia nera) awarded to the rider placed last in the general classification. The classification was calculated in the same manner as the general classification.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 45], "content_span": [46, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068658-0011-0000", "contents": "1951 Giro d'Italia, Classification leadership\nThe rows in the following table correspond to the jerseys awarded after that stage was run.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 45], "content_span": [46, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068659-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Giro di Lombardia\nThe 1951 Giro di Lombardia, 45th edition of the race, was held in 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068660-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Gold Coast general election\nGeneral elections were held in the Gold Coast on 8 February 1951. Although elections had been held for the Legislative Council since 1925, the Council did not have complete control over the legislation, and the voting franchise was limited to residents of urban areas meeting property requirements and the councils of chiefs. The 1951 elections were the first in Africa to be held under universal suffrage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068660-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Gold Coast general election, Background\nAmongst growing calls for self-governance, such as the 1948 Accra Riots and unrest (which led to the arrest of the Big Six), the Coussey Committee was commissioned by the United Kingdom government. Its report led to the 1951 constitution, which gave the Executive Council an African majority, and created an 84-member Legislative Assembly, 38 of whom were to be elected by the people, 37 representing territorial councils, six appointed to represent commercial interests and three ex officio members appointed by the Governor. Those representing commercial interests and appointed by the Governor were all white.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 657]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068660-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Gold Coast general election, Campaign\nA total of 117 candidates contested the 38 elected seats. The Convention People's Party (CPP) contested every seat, while the United Gold Coast Convention and National Democratic Party provided its main opposition. There were also several independent candidates, as well as the Asante Kotoko party. General Secretary of the CPP, Kojo Botsio, won the Winneba seat unopposed, the only candidate to do so.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 42], "content_span": [43, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068660-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Gold Coast general election, Campaign\nNkrumah's aide and later Finance Minister Komla Agbeli Gbedemah is credited with organising the entire campaign while Nkrumah was still in Fort James prison, detained by the colonial government. Nkrumah duly won the Accra Central Municipal seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 42], "content_span": [43, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068660-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Gold Coast general election, Results\nKwame Nkrumah's Convention People's Party won 34 of the 38 elected seats in the assembly, claiming all five seats and nearly 95% of the vote in urban areas; Nkrumah himself winning the Accra Central seat with 22,780 of the 23,122 votes cast. In rural areas the CPP won 29 of the 33 seats, taking around 72% of the vote. The main opposition, the United Gold Coast Convention, fared badly, winning only two seats, and was disbanded following the elections. Former members of the UGCC went on to form the Ghana Congress Party (which later became the United Party). The other parties were unsuccessful.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 41], "content_span": [42, 640]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068660-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Gold Coast general election, Results\nThe CPP was also supported in the Assembly by 22 of the indirectly elected members, and thus held 56 of the 84 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 41], "content_span": [42, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068660-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 Gold Coast general election, Aftermath\nAfter winning the Accra Central seat, Nkrumah was released from prison, and was appointed \"Leader of Government Business\", before becoming the country's first Prime Minister the following year after a constitutional amendment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068660-0007-0000", "contents": "1951 Gold Coast general election, Aftermath\nAnother new constitution was promulgated in 1954, followed by elections the same year, also won by the CPP. Following another convincing election victory by Nkrumah's party in 1956, Gold Coast became the first sub-Saharan African state to gain independence (aside from apartheid South Africa) on 6 March 1957, changing its name to Ghana.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068661-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Governor General's Awards\nThe 15th Governor General's Awards for Literary Merit were presented on June 13, 1952 for works of Canadian literature published in 1951. The awards in this period had no monetary prize and were just an honour for the authors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068661-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Governor General's Awards\nThe 1952 awards also introduced new categories, known as the University of Western Ontario President's Awards, to honour individual short works. The awards were presented in three categories, for short stories, poems and magazine articles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068661-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Governor General's Awards\nAlthough administered separately, the Stephen Leacock Memorial Medal for Humour also announced its winner at the same ceremony.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068662-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Grand National\nThe 1951 Grand National was the 105th renewal of the Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool, England, on 7 April 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068662-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Grand National\nA crowd of 250,000 people saw the race won by Nickel Coin at odds of 40/1. The nine-year-old mare was ridden by jockey John Bullock and trained by Jack O'Donoghue. Royal Tan, who won in 1954, finished second, and Derrinstown was third. An unprecedented twelve horses (a third of the field) went at the first fence- either falling or being brought down. Of the 36 runners, only three completed the course. All of the horses returned safely to the stables.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068662-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Grand National\nIn the long history of the Grand National only 13 mares have won the race, Nickel Coin being the most recent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068662-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Grand National, Media Coverage\nWith rationing still in place across the UK, newspapers had limited space for coverage of the race, most only running a brief preview with the race card. The Radio Times carried a picture of 1950 winner, Freebooter jumping the final flight on the ay to victory with a map of the course on its cover.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 35], "content_span": [36, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068662-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Grand National, Media Coverage\nThe BBC had requested to screen the race live on Television but Aintree refused, leaving the BBC light radio programme to issue a thirty-minute broadcast at 3pm. David Black called the runners over the early fences, Michael O'Hehir took over at Becher's and Canal turn with Richard North calling them up the Canal Side before handing over to lead commentator, Raymond Glendenning to call the runners home. Each commentator was assisted by a race caller who would spot and identify horses departed the contest. Peter O'Sullevan, who would eventually be known as the voice of Racing, this year acted as O'Hehir's caller.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 35], "content_span": [36, 654]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068662-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Grand National, Media Coverage\nThe major newsreel companies regarded the National as one of the major highlights of their year. Movietone, presented by Lionel Gamlin, Pathe and Gaumont, all had cameras on the course and had their coverage ready to be screened in cinemas within hours.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 35], "content_span": [36, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068663-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season\nThe 1951 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season was the third F.I.M. Road Racing World Championship Grand Prix season. The season consisted of eight Grand Prix races in five classes: 500cc, 350cc, 250cc, 125cc and Sidecars 500cc. It began on 8 April, with Spanish Grand Prix and ended with Nations Grand Prix on 9 September. As of 2020, this is the most recent season the premier class was won by a non-Japanese and Italian constructor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068663-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season, 1951 Grand Prix season calendar\n\u2020 The race saw only four competitors and was not counted as a round of the World Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 73], "content_span": [74, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068663-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season, Standings, Scoring system\nPoints were awarded to the top six finishers in each race. Only the best three races counted in the Sidecars, 125cc and 250cc, while in the 350cc and 500cc championships, the best five results counted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068664-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Greek legislative election\nParliamentary elections were held in Greece on 9 September 1951. They resulted in an ambivalent outcome, consisting a narrow and pyrrhic, as proven later, victory for the ruling center-liberal parties of Sophoklis Venizelos and Nikolaos Plastiras.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068664-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Greek legislative election, Background\nAfter the Greek elections of 1950, when the divided centrist parties had a clear majority in the Parliament political instability was the main characteristic of the political life in Greece. The subsequent centre-liberal governments of Sophoklis Venizelos, Nikolaos Plastiras and Georgios Papandreou did not manage to ensure and enforce stability. As a result, Nikolaos Plastiras supported a People's Party government, under the terms that the latter would soon conduct elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 524]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068664-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Greek legislative election, Outcome\nFirst party in the elections of 1951 was the just-founded Greek Rally of Alexandros Papagos, which swept the traditionally dominant right-wing People's Party. Nevertheless, the two major centrist-liberal parties, the Liberal Party and the National Progressive Center Union, elected more deputies than the conservatives.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 40], "content_span": [41, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068664-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Greek legislative election, Outcome\nThe left-wing EDA, a party believed to have been affiliated with the outlaw during 1950-1974 Communist Party of Greece, made its first appearance in these elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 40], "content_span": [41, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068664-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Greek legislative election, Aftermath\nSince no party or alliance had the absolute majority in the Parliament and Alexandros Papagos refused to participate in a government of national unity, the Liberal Party and the National Progressive Center Union formed a minority government under the leadership of Nikolaos Plastiras, which lasted for about a year, since 1952, when Nikolaos Plastiras submitted his resignation and new legislative elections were proclaimed by the King Paul I.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 42], "content_span": [43, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068665-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Green Bay Packers season\nThe 1951 Green Bay Packers season was their 33rd season overall and their 31st season in the National Football League. The team finished with a 3\u20139 record under second-year coach Gene Ronzani for a fifth-place finish in the National Conference. The Packers lost the final seven games of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068665-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Green Bay Packers season\nThe Packers played their Milwaukee home games in Wisconsin State Fair Park for the final time, a venue they had used since 1934. Marquette Stadium was used for one season in 1952 and the new County Stadium was the host venue from 1953 through 1994.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068665-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Green Bay Packers season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 40], "content_span": [41, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068666-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Greenlandic Provincial Council election\nProvincial Council elections were held in Greenland for the first time on 29 June 1951, alongside district council elections. Voter turnout was 73%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068666-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Greenlandic Provincial Council election, Background\nThe Provincial Council was created after the Danish Parliament passed a law on 27 May 1950. It replaced two provincial councils covering the north and south of the island, which had been indirectly elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 56], "content_span": [57, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068666-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Greenlandic Provincial Council election, Electoral system\nAll Danish citizens over the age of 23 who had lived on the island for at least six months were eligible to vote or run for election. Candidates required nomination from 5-10 supporters. The 13 members of the Provincial Council were elected in single-member constituencies", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 62], "content_span": [63, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068666-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Greenlandic Provincial Council election, Electoral system\nThe election had to be re-run in two constituencies; in Upernavik icy conditions had prevented distribution of election materials, whilst a measles outbreak in Nanortalik meant that most voters were ill on election day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 62], "content_span": [63, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068666-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Greenlandic Provincial Council election, Aftermath\nThe Provincial Council met for the first time on 25 September 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 55], "content_span": [56, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068667-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Grenadian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Grenada on 10 October 1951. They were the first held with universal suffrage. Eric Gairy's Grenada Mental and Manual Workers Union won six of the eight seats. However, at this time the Legislative Council had few powers and the role of head of government remained with the Administrator.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068668-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Hardin\u2013Simmons Cowboys football team\nThe 1951 Hardin\u2013Simmons Cowboys football team was an American football team that represented Hardin\u2013Simmons University in the Border Conference during the 1951 college football season. In its eighth and final season under head coach Warren B. Woodson, the team compiled a 6\u20136 record (4\u20131 against conference opponents), tied for second place in the conference, and outscored opponents by a total of 272 to 216.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068668-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Hardin\u2013Simmons Cowboys football team\nFour Hardin-Simmons players were named to the 1951 All-Border Conference football team: end Bill Cagle; halfback Frank Goode, quarterback Bob Hart, and offensive tackle Cush Holder.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068669-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Harrow West by-election\nThe 1951 Harrow West by-election, was held on 21 April 1951 when the incumbent Conservative MP Norman Bower resigned. The seat was retained by the Conservative candidate Albert Braithwaite with a significantly increased majority and 72% of the votes cast.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068670-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Harvard Crimson football team\nThe 1951 Harvard Crimson football team was an American football team that represented Harvard University during the 1951 college football season. In their second year under head coach Lloyd Jordan, the Crimson compiled a 3\u20135\u20131 record and were outscored 266 to 143. Carroll M. Lowenstein and Warren D. Wylie were the team captains.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068670-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Harvard Crimson football team\nHarvard played its home games at Harvard Stadium in the Allston neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068671-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Hawaii Rainbows football team\nThe 1951 Hawaii Rainbows football team represented the University of Hawai\u02bbi at M\u0101noa as an independent during the 1951 college football season. In their first season under head coach Archie Kodros, the Rainbows compiled a 4\u20137 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068672-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Hawthorn Football Club season\nThe 1951 season was the Hawthorn Football Club's 27th season in the Victorian Football League and 50th overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068672-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Hawthorn Football Club season, Fixture, Lightning Premiership\nThe lightning premiership was played between rounds 3 and 4.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 66], "content_span": [67, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068673-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Hokkaido gubernatorial election\nA gubernatorial election was held on 30 April 1951 to elect the Governor of Hokkaido Prefecture.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068674-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Holy Cross Crusaders football team\nThe 1951 Holy Cross Crusaders football team was an American football team that represented the College of the Holy Cross as an independent during the 1951 college football season. In its eighth year under head coach Eddie Anderson, the team compiled an 8\u20132 record. The team played its home games at Fitton Field in Worcester, Massachusetts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068675-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Houston Cougars football team\nThe 1951 Houston Cougars football team was an American football team that represented the University of Houston in the Missouri Valley Conference (MVC) during the 1951 college football season. In its fourth season under head coach Clyde Lee, the team compiled a 6\u20135 record, finished fourth in the MVC, and defeated Dayton in the 1952 Salad Bowl. Gene Shannon, John O'Hara, and Buck Miller were the team captains. The team played its home games at Rice Stadium in Houston.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068676-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team\nThe 1951 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team represented Humboldt State College during the 1951 college football season. Humboldt State competed in the Far Western Conference (FWC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068676-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team\nThe 1951 Lumberjacks were led by first-year head coach Phil Sarboe. They played home games at the Redwood Bowl in Arcata, California. Humboldt State finished with a record of four wins, three losses and one tie (4\u20133\u20131, 2\u20131 FWC). The Lumberjacks outscored their opponents 177\u201398 for the season. Under coach Sarboe, the 1951 season was a big turnaround for Humboldt State. They finished above .500, after not winning a game in either of the previous two seasons. Sarboe would coach the team for the next 15 years and only had one losing season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 588]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068676-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Humboldt State players were selected in the 1952 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 70], "content_span": [71, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068677-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships\nThe 1951 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships were held in Steyr, Austria under the auspices of International Canoe Federation. It was the 2nd edition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068677-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships, Note\nOnly two teams competed in the men's C1 team event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 47], "content_span": [48, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068678-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Ice Hockey World Championships\nThe 1951 Ice Hockey World Championships was the 18th World Championship and the 29th European Championship in ice hockey for international teams. The tournament took place in France from 9th to 17 March and the games were played in the capital city, Paris. Thirteen nations took part, and were first split into two groups. The seven best teams were placed in the first group, and the six others were placed into the \"Criterium Europ\u00e9en\", which would later become the B Pool. Each group was played in a round robin format, with each team playing each other once.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 597]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068678-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Ice Hockey World Championships\nCanada, represented by the Lethbridge Maple Leafs, became world champions for the 14th time. Highest ranking European team Sweden finished second, winning their fifth European Championship, finishing ahead of the Swiss on goal differential by three.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068678-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Ice Hockey World Championships\nThis tournament would be the last time France hosted the elite division of the World Championships until 2017, when Paris co-hosted the championship alongside Cologne in Germany.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068679-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Idaho Vandals football team\nThe 1951 Idaho Vandals football team represented the University of Idaho in the 1951 college football season. The Vandals were led by first-year head coach Raymond \"Babe\" Curfman and were members of the Pacific Coast Conference. Home games were played on campus at Neale Stadium in Moscow, with one game in Boise at old Bronco Stadium at Boise Junior College and another at Memorial Stadium in Spokane, Washington.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068679-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Idaho Vandals football team\nLed on the field by quarterback Wayne Anderson and halfback Glen Christian, Idaho compiled a 2\u20137 overall record and lost all three games in the PCC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068679-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Idaho Vandals football team\nThe Vandals suffered a close loss in the Battle of the Palouse with heavily favored neighbor Washington State, falling 6\u20139 at Neale Stadium on November 10. The previous edition was also competitive, with a 7\u20137 tie in 1950 in Pullman, but the winless streak against the Cougars was up to 25 games, a record of 0\u201323\u20132 since taking three straight in 1923\u201325; Idaho finally won three years later in\u00a0Pullman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068679-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Idaho Vandals football team\nIn the rivalry game with Montana at Missoula four weeks earlier, Idaho began an eight-game winning streak over the Grizzlies with a 12\u20139 win to regain the Little Brown Stein.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068679-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Idaho Vandals football team\nPrior to the season in late March, university president Jesse Buchanan requested and received the resignations of head coach Dixie Howell and two assistants, due to \"lack of harmony\" on the coaching staff. One of those assistants was Curfman, who was then asked by the administration to be the interim coach during the upcoming spring drills. He made a good impression and was re-hired as head coach in mid-April.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068679-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Idaho Vandals football team, All-conference\nNo Vandals were on the All-Coast team; tackle Don Ringe was named to the second team. Honorable mention were end Jerry Ogle and guard Steve Douglas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068679-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 Idaho Vandals football team, NFL Draft\nOne senior from the 1951 Vandals was selected in the 1952 NFL Draft:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068680-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Illinois Fighting Illini football team\nThe 1951 Illinois Fighting Illini football team was an American football team that represented the University of Illinois during the 1951 Big Ten Conference football season. In their 10th year under head coach Ray Eliot, the Illini compiled a 9\u20130\u20131 record, finished in first place in the Big Ten Conference, was ranked #4 in the final AP Poll, and defeated Stanford 40\u20137 in the 1952 Rose Bowl. The lone setback was a scoreless tie with Ohio State. Illinois defeated Stanford 40 to 7 in the 1952 Rose Bowl, the first nationally televised college football game. The team was named co-national champion by Boand, which split its selection with Georgia Tech.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 698]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068680-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Illinois Fighting Illini football team\nAl Brosky had an NCAA career record 29 interceptions, including an NCAA record 15-game streak covering the entire 1951 season. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1998.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068680-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Illinois Fighting Illini football team\nHalfback Johnny Karras was a consensus first-team pick on the 1951 College Football All-America Team. Linebacker Chuck Boerio was selected as the team's most valuable player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068681-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Indian general election in Madras\nThe 1951 Indian general election was the first democratic national election held in India after Independence, and the polls in Tamil Nadu were held for 62 seats. This state had the second largest number of seats, after Uttar Pradesh, because part of current Andhra Pradesh was part of the state of Madras. The result was a victory for Indian National Congress winning 35 out of the 75 seats. While the remaining seats were won by left and independent parties, opposed to Congress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068682-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Indiana Hoosiers football team\nThe 1951 Indiana Hoosiers football team represented the Indiana Hoosiers in the 1951 Big Ten Conference football season. They participated as members of the Big Ten Conference. The Hoosiers played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Bloomington, Indiana. The team was coached by Clyde B. Smith, in his fourth and final year as head coach of the Hoosiers. At the end of the season, Smith was fired and replaced by Bernie Crimmins.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068683-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Indianapolis 500\nThe 35th International 500-Mile Sweepstakes was held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway on Wednesday, May 30, 1951. The event was part of the 1951 AAA National Championship Trail, and was also race 2 of 8 in the 1951 World Championship of Drivers. For the second year in a row, no European Formula One-based teams entered the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068683-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Indianapolis 500\nDuke Nalon, who had suffered serious burns in a crash in 1949, and who missed the 1950 race, made a comeback at Indy by winning the pole position in a Novi.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068683-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Indianapolis 500\nHeavy attrition saw only eight cars running at the finish. Winner Lee Wallard's car lost its brakes, suffered a damaged exhaust pipe, and broke a shock absorber mounting. In addition to the unbearably uncomfortable ride, Wallard had worn a fire retardant outfit, created by dipping his uniform in a mixture of borax crystals and water. Due to not wearing an undershirt, Wallard suffered serious chafing, and required treatment at the infield hospital after the victory lane celebration. It was estimated he lost 15 pounds during the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068683-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Indianapolis 500\nWallard's winning car had the smallest displacement in the field. About a week after winning the race, Wallard suffered severe burns in a crash at Reading, which effectively ended his professional racing career.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068683-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Indianapolis 500\nThree-time winner Mauri Rose, in his 15th Indy start, crashed and flipped on lap 126. It was his final 500, as he retired from driving after the crash.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068683-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Indianapolis 500, Time trials\nTime trials were scheduled for six days. Rain, however, pushed qualifying into a seventh day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 34], "content_span": [35, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068683-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio\nThe race was carried live on the radio through a network arrangement set up by 1070 WIBC-AM of Indianapolis. Mutual, which had carried the race for several years, had raised its advertising rates for 1951, and lost its primary sponsor for the event, Perfect Circle Piston Rings. As a result, Mutual dropped the coverage altogether. Local station WIBC stepped in to cover the race, and provided its feed to various Mutual affiliates. A total of 26 stations carried the broadcast.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 42], "content_span": [43, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068683-0007-0000", "contents": "1951 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio\nWIBC personality Sid Collins served as booth announcer, and the remainder of the crew consisted mostly of WIBC talent. Jim Shelton reported from his familiar turn four location, and Collins interviewed the winner in victory lane. Like the Mutual broadcasts, WIBC featured live coverage of the start (30 minutes), the finish (30 minutes), and 15-minute live updates throughout the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 42], "content_span": [43, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068684-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Indianapolis mayoral election\nThe Indianapolis mayoral election of 1951 took place on November 6, 1951 and saw the election of Republican municipal court judge Alex M. Clark as mayor, defeating Democratic incumbent Philip L. Bayt. Clark became one of the youngest mayors in Indianapolis' history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068684-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Indianapolis mayoral election, Results\nSubsequent to losing the election, Bayt resigned as mayor one month before his term expired in order to accept an appointment as judge of Municipal Court 3.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 43], "content_span": [44, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068685-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Individual Speedway World Championship\nThe 1951 Individual Speedway World Championship was the sixth edition of the official World Championship to determine the world champion rider.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068685-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Individual Speedway World Championship\nSpeedway riders from Sweden, Scotland and Republic of South Africa appeared in the World Championship for the first time. Australia's Jack Young became the first British second division rider to win the World Championship. Young won a run-off for the title with British rider Split Waterman and fellow Australian Jack Biggs after all three riders had finished on 12 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068685-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Individual Speedway World Championship\nThe 1951 World Final was held before a reported crowd of 93,000 at Wembley Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068685-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Individual Speedway World Championship, World final, Classification\nm - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance \u2022  t - exclusion for touching the tapes \u2022  x - other exclusion \u2022  e - retired or mechanical failure \u2022  f - fell \u2022  ns - non-starter \u2022  nc - non-classify", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 72], "content_span": [73, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068686-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 International Cross Country Championships\nThe 1951 International Cross Country Championships was held in Caerleon, Wales, at the Caerleon Racecourse on 31 March 1951. A report on the event was given in the Glasgow Herald.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068686-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 International Cross Country Championships\nComplete results, medallists,  and the results of British athletes were published.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068686-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 International Cross Country Championships, Participation\nAn unofficial count yields the participation of 71 athletes from 8 countries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 61], "content_span": [62, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068687-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Iowa Hawkeyes football team\nThe 1951 Iowa Hawkeyes football team represented the University of Iowa in the 1951 Big Ten Conference football season. This season was Leonard Raffensperger's last season as head coach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068688-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Iowa State Cyclones football team\nThe 1951 Iowa State Cyclones football team represented Iowa State College of Agricultural and Mechanic Arts (later renamed Iowa State University) in the Big Seven Conference during the 1951 college football season. In their fifth year under head coach Abe Stuber, the Cyclones compiled a 4\u20134\u20131 record (2\u20134 against conference opponents), tied for fourth place in the conference, and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 216 to 211. They played their home games at Clyde Williams Field in Ames, Iowa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068688-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Iowa State Cyclones football team\nThe team's regular starting lineup on offense consisted of left end Mal Schmidt, left tackle Jack Lessin, left guard Stan Campbell, center Rollie Arns, right guard Carl Brettschneider, right tackle Bob Mateson, right end Bob Voetberg, quarterback Dick Mann, left halfback Dick Cherpinsky, right halfback Frank Congiardo, and fullback Maury Schnell. Stan Campbell was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068688-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Iowa State Cyclones football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Frank Congiardo with 315 rushing yards, Rich Mann with 1,296 passing yards, Mal Schmidt with 547 receiving yards, and Stan Cozzi with 36 points (six touchdowns) each. Three Iowa State players were selected as first-team all-conference players: Stan Campbell, Rich Mann, and Mal Schmidt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068689-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Irish Greyhound Derby\nThe 1951 Irish Greyhound Derby took place during July and August with the final being held at Harold's Cross Stadium in Dublin on 17 August 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068689-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Irish Greyhound Derby\nThe winner Carmodys Tanist won a reduced prize of \u00a3500 and was trained by Dicky Myles and owned by Frances Chandler.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068689-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report\nA disappointing fact regarding the 1951 Derby was the reduction in prize money for the winner from \u00a31,000 to just \u00a3500. The leading greyhound in Ireland at the time Champion Prince owned by Dan Maher was a notable absentee when the first round began. Trainer Tom Lynch steered three hounds through to the final; he had previously trained a runner-up in Down Signal and had been devastated at Imperial Dancer's exit the previous year. Lynch would later marry the sister of Gay McKenna.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 46], "content_span": [47, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068689-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report\nThe first semi-final was won by Locht Seal from Miss Gemnei and Carmodys Tanist in 29.85, despite the fact that Sterope had led by three lengths in the home straight before suffering cramp and finishing last. The second semi-final saw Daring Prince beat Noble Greason and Dooneen Miss in 29.84. In the final Carmodys Tanist led all the way holding off Locht Seal, the other four runners found trouble at the first bend and were never in contention.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 46], "content_span": [47, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068689-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report\nCarmodys Tanist, a black dog, had been knocked out of the English Greyhound Derby in the second round when trained by Noreen Collin. His owner Mrs Frances Chandler then sent the greyhound to Dublin trainer Dickie Myles for the Irish Derby. At the presentation Frances was in Italy so her brother in law Ronnie Chandler accepted the trophy, Ronnie was the only member of the famous Chandler family to train greyhounds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 46], "content_span": [47, 464]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068690-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Irish general election\nThe 1951 Irish general election was held on 30 May 1951 in 40 D\u00e1il constituencies throughout Ireland for 147 seats in the lower house of parliament, D\u00e1il \u00c9ireann.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068690-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Irish general election\nThis election was the first election since the declaration of the Republic of Ireland on 18 April 1949 under the terms of the Republic of Ireland Act 1948, which automatically forced Ireland's withdrawal from the British Commonwealth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068690-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Irish general election\nThe newly elected members of the 14th D\u00e1il assembled at Leinster House on 13 June. \u00c9amon de Valera was appointed Taoiseach and formed the 6th Government of Ireland, a single-party minority Fianna F\u00e1il government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068690-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Irish general election, Campaign\nThe general election of 1951 was caused by a number of crises within the First Inter-Party Government, most notably the Mother and Child Scheme. While the whole affair \u2013 which saw the resignation of the Minister for Health, Noel Browne \u2013 was not entirely to blame for the collapse of the government, it added to the disagreement between the various political parties. There were other problems facing the country, such as rising prices and balance-of-payments problems. Two farmer TDs withdrew their support for the government because of rising milk prices.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 595]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068690-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Irish general election, Campaign\nAlthough the First Inter-Party Government was now coming to an end, it had a number of achievements. It proved that the country could be led by a group other than Fianna F\u00e1il. It also provided a fresh perspective after sixteen years of government by that party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068690-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Irish general election, Campaign\nThe coalition parties fought the general election on their record on government over the previous three years, while Fianna F\u00e1il argued strongly against coalition governments.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068690-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 Irish general election, Result\nThe election result was inconclusive. Fianna F\u00e1il's support increased by 61,000 votes; however, the party only gained one extra seat. The coalition parties had mixed fortunes. Fine Gael were the big winners increasing to forty seats. The Labour Party had reunited in 1950, when the National Labour Party had merged back into the party but in spite of this the party lost seats. Clann na Poblachta was the big loser of the election. Three years earlier the party had been a big political threat but now the party was shattered.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 35], "content_span": [36, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068690-0007-0000", "contents": "1951 Irish general election, Result\nFianna F\u00e1il did not enough seats to govern alone. However, the party was able to form a government with the support of Noel Browne, the sacked Minister for Health, and other Independent deputies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 35], "content_span": [36, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068692-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Israeli legislative election\nElections for the second Knesset were held in Israel on 30 July 1951. Voter turnout was 75.1%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068692-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Israeli legislative election, Aftermath\nThe second Knesset was highly unstable, with four separate governments, two different Prime Ministers and several defections; Rostam Bastuni, Avraham Berman and Moshe Sneh left Mapam and set up the Left Faction. Bastuni later returned to Mapam whilst Berman and Sneh joined Maki. Hannah Lamdan and David Livschitz also left Mapam, establishing the Faction independent of Ahdut HaAvoda before joining Mapai. Four other members left Mapam to found Ahdut HaAvoda \u2013 Poale Zion, but the move was not recognised by the Knesset speaker. During the Knesset term, Sephardim and Oriental Communities joined the General Zionists.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 44], "content_span": [45, 663]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068692-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Israeli legislative election, Aftermath\nAs with the first Knesset, the speaker was Yosef Sprinzak.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 44], "content_span": [45, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068692-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Israeli legislative election, Aftermath, Third government\nThe second Knesset started with David Ben-Gurion forming the third government of Israel (the first Knesset had two governments) on 8 October 1951. His Mapai party formed a coalition with Mizrachi, Hapoel HaMizrachi, Agudat Yisrael, Agudat Yisrael Workers and the three Israeli Arab parties, the Democratic List for Israeli Arabs, Progress and Work and Agriculture and Development. Like the first Knesset, there were 15 ministers. The government resigned on 19 December 1952 due to a dispute with the religious parties over religious education.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 62], "content_span": [63, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068692-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Israeli legislative election, Aftermath, Fourth government\nBen-Gurion formed the fourth government on 24 December 1952, dropping the ultra-orthodox parties (Agudat Yisrael and Agudat Yisrael Workers) and replacing them with the General Zionists and the Progressive Party. The new government had 16 ministers. Ben-Gurion resigned on 6 December 1953 as he wished to settle in the Negev kibbutz of Sde Boker.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 63], "content_span": [64, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068692-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Israeli legislative election, Aftermath, Fifth government\nMoshe Sharett formed the fifth government on 26 January 1954 with the same coalition partners and ministers. Sharett resigned on 29 June 1955, when the General Zionists refused to abstain from voting on a motion of no-confidence brought by Herut and Maki over the government's position on the trial of Malchiel Gruenwald, who had accused Rudolf Kastner of collaborating with the Nazis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 62], "content_span": [63, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068692-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 Israeli legislative election, Aftermath, Sixth government\nSharett formed the sixth government on 29 June 1955, eliminating the General Zionists and the Progressive Party from the coalition and reducing the number of ministers to 12. The new government did not last long, as a general election was called for 26 July 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 62], "content_span": [63, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068693-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Israeli presidential election\nAn election for President of Israel was held in the Knesset on 19 November 1951 following the 1951 Knesset elections and the formation of the third government (at the time, the length of the president's term was linked to that of the Knesset). Despite his poor health, Weizmann stood again, and there were no opposing candidates. Although Weizmann was the only person to stand, a vote was still held. The result was 85 votes for, 11 against and three blank ballots. 21 MKs did not vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068693-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Israeli presidential election\nHe was sworn in for his second term at his home in Rehovot on 25 November.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068693-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Israeli presidential election\nWeizmann died a year later, and an early election was held to choose the country's second president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068694-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Italian Grand Prix\nThe 1951 Italian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 16 September 1951 at Monza. It was race 7 of 8 in the 1951 World Championship of Drivers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068694-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Italian Grand Prix, Report\nToulo de Graffenried returned to Alfa Romeo's four-car line up, in place of Paul Pietsch, having raced for Enrico Plat\u00e9 in France and Germany. He raced alongside the regular Alfa drivers, Fangio, Farina and Bonetto. The works Ferrari team retained the same four drivers from the race at the N\u00fcrburgring \u2014 Ascari, Villoresi, Gonz\u00e1lez and Taruffi \u2014 while Brazilian Chico Landi made his World Championship debut in a privately run Ferrari. The field was completed by works teams from BRM, Simca-Gordini and OSCA, as well as the usual Talbot-Lago entries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068694-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Italian Grand Prix, Report\nThe front row positions on the grid were shared equally between Alfa Romeo and Ferrari, with Fangio, Farina, Ascari and Gonz\u00e1lez posting the four fastest qualifying times. The second row consisted of the remaining works Ferraris of Villoresi and Taruffi, alongside Felice Bonetto. Reg Parnell, in a BRM, was also supposed to be on the second row, but was unable to start due to lubrication problems.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068694-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Italian Grand Prix, Report\nFangio was the initial race leader, having started from pole position, but he soon had to cede the position to Ascari. He retook the lead on lap eight before pitting for a tyre change, which dropped him to fifth. Early retirements for Farina and de Graffenried left Jos\u00e9 Froil\u00e1n Gonz\u00e1lez in second, behind his teammate Ascari. Fangio attempted to bridge the gap to the Ferraris, but engine problems eliminated his chances. The sole remaining Alfa driver, Nino Farina, who had taken over Bonetto's car on lap 30, inherited third place as a result of Fangio's retirement.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 601]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068694-0003-0001", "contents": "1951 Italian Grand Prix, Report\nHe was fast, but fuel leakages meant that he needed to make two further pitstops; he therefore had to settle for third. Alberto Ascari took his second, and Ferrari's third, consecutive Championship race victory, ahead of British Grand Prix winner Gonz\u00e1lez. The other works Ferraris of Villoresi and Taruffi completed the points positions in what was another successful race for the Scuderia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068694-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Italian Grand Prix, Report\nAscari's victory took him to within two points of Championship leader Fangio, while Gonz\u00e1lez was a further four points behind in third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068695-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Italian local elections\nThe 1951 Italian local elections were the first after the majoritarian regulatory reforms wanted by the government of Alcide De Gasperi. In 1951 there was also the democratic re-establishment of the provincial councils, after the provinces had been administered for six years by temporary deputies appointed by the prefects. However, different from the municipal legislation that had general validity, the new provincial legislation applied only in 79 provinces.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068695-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Italian local elections\nThe first turn of elections was held on 27\u201328 May for 3,071 municipalities and 27 provinces, while the second turn was held on 10\u201311 June for 2,165 municipalities and 30 provinces.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068695-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Italian local elections, Provincial elections\nOverall results in 27 provinces in the elections of 27 and 28 May.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 50], "content_span": [51, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068695-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Italian local elections, Provincial elections\nOverall results in 30 provinces in the elections of 10 and 11 June.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 50], "content_span": [51, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068696-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Jammu and Kashmir Constituent Assembly election\nElections for the Constituent Assembly of the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir  were held in September\u2013October 1951. Sheikh Abdullah was appointed Prime Minister of Jammu and Kashmir. Following frictions with various groups, Abdullah was dismissed in August 1953 and imprisoned. Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad was appointed as the next Prime Minister.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068696-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Jammu and Kashmir Constituent Assembly election, Background\nThe princely state of Jammu and Kashmir acceded to the Union of India on 26 October 1947. Shortly afterward, the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir appointed Sheikh Abdullah as the Head of Emergency Administration, who ran the affairs in the Kashmir Valley during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947. Following the cease-fire achieved on 1 January 1948, Sheikh Abdullah was appointed as the Prime Minister of the state on 5 March 1948. He chose an eight-member Cabinet, with the other members being:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 64], "content_span": [65, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068696-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Jammu and Kashmir Constituent Assembly election, Background\nThe Jammu & Kashmir National Conference, the party of Sheikh Abdullah, announced on 27 October 1950 its decision to convene a Constituent Assembly for the state of Jammu and Kashmir.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 64], "content_span": [65, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068696-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Jammu and Kashmir Constituent Assembly election, Background\nPakistan immediately raised a complaint in the United Nations Security Council stating that India was convening a Constituent Assembly to \"ratify the formal accession of the State to India\" in contravention of the Security Council resolutions. India reassured all parties that the decision of the Constituent Assembly would not affect India's commitments in the Security Council. The Security Council took note of the development in its 30 March 1951 resolution and reminded both the Indian and Pakistani governments of the past resolutions of the Security Council and affirmed that the decisions of the Constituent Assembly would not be binding.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 64], "content_span": [65, 711]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068696-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Jammu and Kashmir Constituent Assembly election, Background\nOn 30 April, the Prince Regent Karan Singh issued a proclamation announcing the elections for the Constituent Assembly based on the adult franchise by secret ballot. The elections took place in September\u2013October 1951. The Constituent Assembly was to have a nominal membership of 100 members, of which 25 seats were allocated to Azad Kashmir under Pakistani control (which were never filled). Of the remaining 75 seats, Kashmir was allocated 43 seats,  Ladakh 2 seats, and Jammu 30 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 64], "content_span": [65, 552]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068696-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Jammu and Kashmir Constituent Assembly election, The election\nThe elections were conducted by the State's election and franchise commissioner. The process of elections was highly irregular. All the 43 seats allocated to Kashmir went to the National Conference candidates, who were elected unopposed a week before the date of the elections. In Jammu, 13 candidates belonging to the Jammu Praja Parishad had their nominations rejected. Praja Parishad then boycotted the elections, alleging the Government's illegal practices and official interference. Two independent candidates dropped out at the last moment, giving a clean sweep to the National Conference. In Ladakh, the Head Lama, Kushak Bakula and an associate won seats, as nominal members of the National Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 66], "content_span": [67, 777]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068696-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 Jammu and Kashmir Constituent Assembly election, The election\nThus, the National Conference won all the 75 seats to the Constituent Assembly, which convened on 31 October 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 66], "content_span": [67, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068696-0007-0000", "contents": "1951 Jammu and Kashmir Constituent Assembly election, The election\nScholar Sumantra Bose states that the manner of elections indicated that the National Conference elites wanted to govern Jammu and Kashmir as a party state. Their slogan was \"One Leader, One Party, One Programme\". Balraj Puri, journalist and secular activist from Jammu, is said to have argued with Jawaharlal Nehru that Ghulam Mohiuddin Karra's group in the Kashmir Valley should be allowed to function as an opposition group in the state. While Nehru agreed with the principle he stated that nothing should be done to weaken Sheikh Abdullah.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 66], "content_span": [67, 610]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068696-0008-0000", "contents": "1951 Jammu and Kashmir Constituent Assembly election, The election\nThe Jammu Praja Parishad, having been denied opportunities for the democratic opposition, took to the streets. It demanded full integration of the state with India to ensure the \"legitimate democratic rights of the people\" against the \"anti-Dogra government of Sheikh Abdullah\". The conflict with the Praja Parishad eventually led to the termination of Sheikh Abdullah's rule.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 66], "content_span": [67, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068696-0009-0000", "contents": "1951 Jammu and Kashmir Constituent Assembly election, Government formation\nSheikh Abdullah continued as the Prime Minister of the State. Two members of the erstwhile Cabinet from the Jammu province, Sardar Budh Singh and Pir Mohammad Khan were dropped. Ghulam Mohammed Sadiq stepped down from his Cabinet duties to serve as the Chairman of the Constituent Assembly. The remaining members of the Cabinet were:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 74], "content_span": [75, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068696-0010-0000", "contents": "1951 Jammu and Kashmir Constituent Assembly election, Government formation\nLater D. P. Dhar, Mubarak Shah, Major Piara Singh and Ghulam Mohiuddin Hamdani were appointed as Deputy Ministers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 74], "content_span": [75, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068696-0011-0000", "contents": "1951 Jammu and Kashmir Constituent Assembly election, Government formation\nFollowing intense frictions with the Jammu Praja Parishad in Jammu and the Head Lama Kushak Bakula of Ladakh, as well as ongoing frictions with the Union government, Sheikh Abdullah was dismissed from the post of Prime Minister by the Head of State Karan Singh in August 1953 and put in prison. His erstwhile deputy, Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad was sworn in as the next Prime Minister. His Cabinet consisted of:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 74], "content_span": [75, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068696-0012-0000", "contents": "1951 Jammu and Kashmir Constituent Assembly election, Government formation\nKushak Bakula was appointed as a deputy minister and he pledged his support for the new government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 74], "content_span": [75, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068696-0013-0000", "contents": "1951 Jammu and Kashmir Constituent Assembly election, Government formation\nBakshi Ghulam Mohammad continued as the Prime Minister for the remaining six-year term of the Constituent Assembly. The Assembly continued with its mission of formulating the State Constitution, which was adopted on 17 November 1956, coming into effect on 26 January 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 74], "content_span": [75, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068697-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Japan Series\nThe 1951 Japan Series was the Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) championship series for the 1951 season. It was the second Japan Series and featured the Pacific League champions, the Nankai Hawks, against the Central League champions, the Yomiuri Giants.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068697-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Japan Series, Matchups, Game 1\nWednesday, October 10, 1951 \u2013 2:02 pm at Osaka Stadium in Osaka, Osaka Prefecture", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068697-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Japan Series, Matchups, Game 2\nThursday, October 11, 1951 \u2013 2:01 pm at Osaka Stadium in Osaka, Osaka Prefecture", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068697-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Japan Series, Matchups, Game 3\nSaturday, October 13, 1951 \u2013 2:00 pm at Korakuen Stadium in Bunkyo, Tokyo", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068697-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Japan Series, Matchups, Game 4\nTuesday, October 16, 1951 \u2013 2:00 pm at Korakuen Stadium in Bunkyo, Tokyo", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068697-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Japan Series, Matchups, Game 5\nWednesday, October 17, 1951 \u2013 2:03 pm at Korakuen Stadium in Bunkyo, Tokyo", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068699-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Jordanian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Jordan on 29 August 1951. As political parties were banned at the time, all candidates ran as independents, although some affiliated with the Jordanian Communist Party, the Ba'ath Party the Arab Constitutional Party and the Umma Party all won seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068700-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Kansas Jayhawks football team\nThe 1951 Kansas Jayhawks football team represented the University of Kansas in the Big Seven Conference during the 1951 college football season. In their fourth season under head coach Jules V. Sikes, the Jayhawks compiled an 8\u20132 record (4\u20132 against conference opponents), finished third in the Big Seven Conference, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 316 to 208. They played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lawrence, Kansas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068700-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Kansas Jayhawks football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Bob Brandeberry with 649 rushing yards, Bud Laughlin with 78 points scored, and Jerry Robertson with 925 passing yards. Aubrey Linville and Bill Schaake were the team captains.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068701-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Kansas State Wildcats football team\nThe 1951 Kansas State Wildcats football team represented Kansas State University in the 1951 college football season. The team's head football coach was Bill Meek, in his first season at the helm of the Wildcats. The Wildcats played their home games in Memorial Stadium. 1951 saw the team finish with a record of 0\u20139, and a 0\u20136 record in Big Seven Conference play. The Wildcats scored just 73 points while giving up 212. They finished in seventh place in the Big Seven Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068701-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Kansas State Wildcats football team\nKansas State's record was 1\u20137\u20131 at the end of the season, including a 6\u20136 tie with Nebraska and a 14\u201312 victory over Missouri. However, when head coach Bill Meek learned after the season that an ineligible player had participated, he immediately self-reported the violation to the NCAA and the school voluntarily forfeited the win and the tie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068702-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Kategoria e Dyt\u00eb\nThe 1951 Kategoria e Dyt\u00eb is the eighth season of the second tier of football in Albania. The season started in March and ended in August, and 48 teams competed in three stages, with four teams qualifying for the final group, where Dinamo Vlor\u00eb won and Puna Shijak finished as runners up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068702-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Kategoria e Dyt\u00eb, First round, Group 1\nPuna Lezh\u00eb won the group and advanced to the next round", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 43], "content_span": [44, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068702-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Kategoria e Dyt\u00eb, First round, Group 2\nPuna Rubik won the group and advanced to the next round", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 43], "content_span": [44, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068702-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Kategoria e Dyt\u00eb, First round, Group 3\nPuna Shijak won the group and advanced to the next round", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 43], "content_span": [44, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068702-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Kategoria e Dyt\u00eb, First round, Group 4\nSpartaku Tiran\u00eb won the group and advanced to the next round", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 43], "content_span": [44, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068702-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Kategoria e Dyt\u00eb, First round, Group 5\nPuna Lushnj\u00eb won the group and advanced to the next round", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 43], "content_span": [44, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068702-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 Kategoria e Dyt\u00eb, First round, Group 6\nDinamo Vlor\u00eb won the group and advanced to the next round", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 43], "content_span": [44, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068702-0007-0000", "contents": "1951 Kategoria e Dyt\u00eb, First round, Group 7\nSpartaku Gjirokast\u00ebr won the group and advanced to the next round", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 43], "content_span": [44, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068702-0008-0000", "contents": "1951 Kategoria e Dyt\u00eb, First round, Group 8\nSpartaku Kor\u00e7\u00eb won the group and advanced to the next round", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 43], "content_span": [44, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068703-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Kent State Golden Flashes football team\nThe 1951 Kent State Golden Flashes football team was an American football team that represented Kent State University  in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1951 college football season. In their sixth season under head coach Trevor J. Rees, the Golden Flashes compiled a 4\u20133\u20132 record (2\u20131 against MAC opponents), finished in third place in the MAC, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 241 to 162.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068703-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Kent State Golden Flashes football team\nThe team averaged 292.8 rushing yards per game, which remains one of the highest totals in Kent State football history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068703-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Kent State Golden Flashes football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Jack Mancos with 778 rushing yards, Nick Dellerba with 991 yards of total offense, and Bob Scott with 154 receiving yards. Three Kent State players received first-team honors on the All-Mid-American Conference football team: halfback Jack Mancos, defensive tackle Dick Raidel, and defensive guard Williard Divincenzo.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068704-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Kentucky Derby\nThe 1951 Kentucky Derby was the 77th running of the Kentucky Derby. The race took place on May 5, 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068705-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Kentucky Wildcats football team\nThe 1951 Kentucky Wildcats football team represented the University of Kentucky during the 1951 college football season. The Wildcats scored 314 points while allowing 121 points. Ranked #6 in the AP Poll at the beginning of the season, the team finished the season with a victory in the 1952 Cotton Bowl Classic and a #15 AP ranking.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068706-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Kentucky gubernatorial election\nThe 1951 Kentucky gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1951. Incumbent Democrat Lawrence Wetherby defeated Republican nominee Eugene Siler with 54.60% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068707-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1951 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship was the 57th staging of the Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Kilkenny County Board.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068707-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship\nOn 4 November 1951, Carrickshock won the championship after a 5\u201306 to 4\u201305 defeat of Tullaroan in the final. It was their seventh championship title overall and their first title since 1943. It remains their last championship triumph.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068708-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Kur\u015funlu earthquake\nThe 1951 Kur\u015funlu earthquake occurred at 18:33 GMT (20:33 local time) on 13 August near Kur\u015funlu, \u00c7ank\u0131r\u0131 Province, Central Anatolia Region, Turkey. The earthquake was one of a series of major and intermediate quakes that have occurred in modern times along the North Anatolian Fault since 1939.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068708-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Kur\u015funlu earthquake\nIt had a magnitude of 6.9 on the surface wave magnitude scale and a maximum felt intensity of IX (Violent) on the Mercalli intensity scale. There were 50 casualties and 3,354 injuries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068709-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 LFF Lyga\nThe 1951 LFF Lyga was the 30th season of the LFF Lyga football competition in Lithuania. It was contested by 12 teams, and Inkaras Kaunas won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068710-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 LOT Li-2 Tuszyn air disaster\nThe 1951 LOT Li-2 Tuszyn air disaster occurred on 15 November 1951 when a LOT Polish Airlines Lisunov Li-2 flew into power lines near Tuszyn, crashed and burst into flames. All 15 passengers and 3 crew died. It was the first LOT aircraft disaster since the end of World War II.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068710-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 LOT Li-2 Tuszyn air disaster, Incident\nOn 15 November 1951 a LOT Lisunov Li-2 was en route from \u0141\u00f3d\u017a to Krak\u00f3w\u2013Balice. Shortly after take-off while flying through G\u00f3rki Du\u017ce near Tuszyn it flew into power lines, crashed and went into flames. All 15 passengers and 3 crew died. The Captain of the flight was Marian Buczkowski, father of Polish actor Zbigniew Buczkowski. The official cause of the disaster was attributed to bad weather conditions (low clouds and fog) and pilot's error.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068710-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 LOT Li-2 Tuszyn air disaster, Incident\nAccording to a journalist investigation, due to lack of documentation in LOT archives, the events leading to the crash might have been different. The Li-2 flew in from Szczecin that day and after landing Buczkowski pointed out that one of the engines may be faulty and refused to fly again. Threatened with a pistol by a Security officer who wanted to get to Krak\u00f3w he reluctantly agreed. Due to the faulty engine the plane stalled, tipped over the power lines and crashed into a field.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068710-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 LOT Li-2 Tuszyn air disaster, Incident\nOn 27 November 2010 an obelisk was erected to commemorate Captain Buczkowski, the crew and passengers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068711-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 LPGA Tour\nThe 1951 LPGA Tour was the second season since the LPGA Tour officially began in 1950. The season ran from January 5 to October 19. The season consisted of 19 official money events. Babe Zaharias won the most tournaments, nine. She also led the money list with earnings of $15,087.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068711-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 LPGA Tour\nThere were two first-time winners in 1951, Pat O'Sullivan, an amateur, and Betsy Rawls, who won 55 LPGA events in her career.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068711-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 LPGA Tour, Tournament results\nThe following table shows all the official money events for the 1951 season. \"Date\" is the ending date of the tournament. The numbers in parentheses after the winners' names are the number of wins they had on the tour up to and including that event. Majors are shown in bold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 34], "content_span": [35, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068712-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 LSU Tigers football team\nThe 1951 LSU Tigers football team represented Louisiana State University (LSU) in the 1951 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068713-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 La Citadelle murders\n1951 La Citadelle murders or L'affaire Pic Pac refer to the two murders which took place at Fort Adelaide or \"La Citadelle\" in the capital city Port Louis, on the island of Mauritius in 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068713-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 La Citadelle murders, Background\nOn 3 October 1951 two school children who were walking home after school were lured and kidnapped. Rabia Mokadam (5 years old) and her brother Jaimuddin Mokadam (8 years old) were taken to the abandoned military complex of Fort Adelaide (or La Citadelle) where they were raped and drowned in old water tanks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 37], "content_span": [38, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068713-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 La Citadelle murders, Investigation and trials\nDuring the investigation more than 300 persons were interrogated by police which led to 15 arrests. In 1952 three habitual criminals No\u00ebl J\u00e9r\u00f4me Juillet (Pic Pac), France Cangy (Le Roi) and Paul C\u00e9lestin (Le Fou) were found guilty of the abduction, rape and murder (by drowning) of the two children before being sentenced to death. Pic Pac claimed his innocence just before hanging.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 51], "content_span": [52, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068714-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 La Fl\u00e8che Wallonne\nThe 1951 La Fl\u00e8che Wallonne was the 15th edition of La Fl\u00e8che Wallonne cycle race and was held on 21 April 1951. The race started in Charleroi and finished in Li\u00e8ge. The race was won by Ferdinand K\u00fcbler.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068715-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election\nElections to the Labour Party's Shadow Cabinet (more formally, its \"Parliamentary Committee\") occurred in November 1951. In addition to the 12 members elected, the Leader (Clement Attlee), Deputy Leader (Herbert Morrison), Labour Chief Whip (William Whiteley), and Labour Leader in the House of Lords (Christopher Addison) were automatically members.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068715-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election\nUniquely, in 1951, the voting tallies were not released, only the ranks of the successful candidates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068716-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Lady Wigram Trophy\nThe 1951 Lady Wigram Trophy was a motor race held at the Wigram Airfield Circuit in New Zealand on 31 March 1951. It was the first Lady Wigram Trophy to be held and was won by Les Moore in the Alfa Romeo Tipo B.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068717-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Lafayette Leopards football team\nThe 1951 Lafayette Leopards football team was an American football team that represented Lafayette College in the Middle Three Conference during the 1951 college football season. In its third and final season under head coach Maurice J. \"Clipper\" Smith, the team compiled a 1\u20137 record. Melvin Everingham and Gordon Patrizio were the team captains. The team played its home games at Fisher Field in Easton, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068718-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Laotian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Laos on 18 August 1951 to elect members of the National Assembly, the lower chamber of Parliament. Unlike previous elections, which had been held on a non-partisan basis, this one saw political parties compete for the first time. The result was a victory for the National Progressive Party, which won 19 of the 39 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068719-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Latvian SSR Higher League, Overview\nIt was contested by 6 teams, and Sarkanais Metalurgs won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068720-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Lebanese general election\nGeneral elections were held in Lebanon on 15 April 1951, with a second round in some constituencies on 22 April. Independent candidates won the majority of seats. Voter turnout was 54.7%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068721-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Leeds City Council election\nThe Leeds municipal elections were held on Thursday 10 May 1951, with boundary changes prompting the whole council's re-election. With the new wards the council grew by a further two (two additional wards also represented an increase of six councillors and two aldermen), as thirteen newly created wards replaced the eleven that were abolished:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068721-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Leeds City Council election\nThere was a three percent swing from Labour to the Conservatives (as compared to 1949 \u2013 swings from 1950's distorted results show much larger swings as seen below) on the night, delivering the Conservatives control of the council with a 30-seat majority. Turnout naturally rose from the previous year's scarcely contested election, to an above average figure of 45.9%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068721-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Leeds City Council election, Election result\nThe result had the following consequences for the total number of seats on the council after the elections:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 49], "content_span": [50, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068722-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Lehigh Engineers football team\nThe 1951 Lehigh Engineers football team was an American football team that represented Lehigh University as an independent during the 1951 college football season. Lehigh won the Middle Three Conference championship for the second year in a row.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068722-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Lehigh Engineers football team\nIn their sixth year under head coach William Leckonby, the Engineers compiled a 7\u20132 record, winning both games against their conference opponents. John Bergman and Richard Pradetto were the team captains.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068722-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Lehigh Engineers football team\nLehigh played its home games at Taylor Stadium on the university's main campus in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068723-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Liberian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Liberia on 1 May 1951, the first to be held under universal suffrage; previously only male descendants of Americo-Liberians had been allowed to vote. This was the first elections in Liberia where women and the local Liberians owning property were allowed to vote based on a Constitutional Referendum in 1945\u201346. In the presidential election, William Tubman of the True Whig Party was the only candidate, and was re-elected unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068723-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Liberian general election\nPrior to 1951, elections were held in May and ballots were counted during the Legislative meeting during November or December, with the winning President and representatives take oath during the following January. The ballot papers were burnt in the interim. A new law was implemented which scrapped this practice and retained ballot papers until all the challenging parties of the results were satisfied.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068723-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Liberian general election\nTubman was elected unopposed for a third term in succession and took oath in January 1952. William Richard Tolbert Jr., who was his running mate in the elections became the Vice-President for the first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068723-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Liberian general election, Electoral system\nThe Legislature of Liberia was modeled based on the Legislature of United States. It is bicameral in nature with a Senate and the House of Representatives. There are 15 counties in the country and based on the population, each county is defined to have at least two members, while the total number of members to the house including the Speaker being 64. Each member represents an electoral district and elected to a four-year term based on popular vote. There were 18 senators, two each for the nine counties who served a six-year term. Senators were also elected based on plurality of votes..", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 48], "content_span": [49, 642]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068723-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Liberian general election, Electoral system\nThe franchise was widened to allow women and Liberians owning property to vote based following constitutional referendums in 1945 and 1946.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 48], "content_span": [49, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068723-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Liberian general election, Candidates\nIncumbent President William Tubman had been in power since 1947.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068723-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 Liberian general election, Candidates\nTwe emerged as an opposition to challenge the Presidency of Tubman and postulated that it was the responsibility of the United States of America to conduct free and fair elections in Liberia. He was disqualified on charges of sedition subsequently. Tubman canvassed with a theme of anti-communism and announced in an election rally that \"it might be well that they endeavor to work out their own salvation and with fear and trembling\". The Speaker of the House also drew examples from the US on the need to suppress Communism.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 569]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068723-0007-0000", "contents": "1951 Liberian general election, Results\nTubman was elected unopposed for a third term in succession and took oath in January 1952. William Richard Tolbert Jr., who was his running mate in the elections became the Vice-President for the first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068724-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Lick\n1951 Lick, provisional designation 1949 OA, is a rare-type asteroid and Mars-crosser, approximately 5.6 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 26 July 1949, by American astronomer Carl Wirtanen at Lick Observatory on the summit of Mount Hamilton, California, and named for American philanthropist James Lick.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [9, 9], "content_span": [10, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068724-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Lick, Orbit\nThe asteroid orbits the Sun at a distance of 1.3\u20131.5\u00a0AU once every 20 months (599 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.06 and an inclination of 39\u00b0 with respect to the ecliptic. Lick's observation arc begins with its discovery observation, as no precoveries were taken, and no prior identifications were made.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 16], "content_span": [17, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068724-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Lick, Physical characteristics, Spectral type\nIn the SMASS taxonomic scheme, Lick's spectral type is that of a rare A-type asteroid with a surface consisting of almost pure olivine. As of 2016, only 17 minor planets of this type are known.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 50], "content_span": [51, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068724-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Lick, Physical characteristics, Rotation period\nIn July 2008, a rotational lightcurve was obtained from photometric by astronomer Brian D. Warner at his Palmer Divide Observatory in Colorado, United States. It gave a well-defined rotation period of 5.2974 hours with a brightness variation of 0.25 in magnitude (U=3). Several lightcurves with a lower or unassessed quality have been obtained by astronomers Wies\u0142aw Z. Wi\u015bniewski and Petr Pravec in the 1980s and 1990s. The most recent observation by Michael Lucas in February 2011, gave a period of 5.317 hours with an amplitude of 0.33 magnitude (U=2).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 52], "content_span": [53, 608]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068724-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Lick, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo\nAccording to 3 observations taken by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, Lick measures 5.57 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.09. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link agrees with the results obtained by IRAS and derives an albedo of 0.10 and a diameter of 5.59 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 14.35.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 56], "content_span": [57, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068724-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Lick, Naming\nLick was named in honor of James Lick (1796\u20131876), American philanthropist and the founder of the discovering Lick Observatory of the University of California. He is also honored by a lunar crater Lick. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 20 February 1976 (M.P.C. 3938).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 17], "content_span": [18, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068725-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1951 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship was the 57th staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Limerick County Board in 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068725-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship\nTreaty Sarsfields won the championship after a 1-06 to 1-02 defeat of Geraldines in the final. It was their first ever championship title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068726-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Little League World Series\nThe 1951 Little League World Series was held from August 21 to August 25 in Williamsport, Pennsylvania. The Stamford Little League of Stamford, Connecticut, defeated the Austin Little League of Austin, Texas, in the championship game of the 5th Little League World Series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068726-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Little League World Series\nAttendees at the championship game included Baseball Hall of Fame inductee Cy Young, and Notre Dame football head coach Frank Leahy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068727-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Liverpool City Council election\nElections to Liverpool City Council were held on Thursday 11 May 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068727-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Liverpool City Council election, Ward results\nThe terms of office expired in 1951 for those councillors who were elected in November 1947. Therefore comparisons are made with the 1947 election results.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 50], "content_span": [51, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068727-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, North Scotland 22 November 1951\nFollowing the disqualification of Herbert Francis Granby (elected 12 May 1949) there was a By-election for the North Scotland ward on 22 November 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 83], "content_span": [84, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068728-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Li\u00e8ge\u2013Bastogne\u2013Li\u00e8ge\nThe 1951 Li\u00e8ge\u2013Bastogne\u2013Li\u00e8ge was the 37th edition of the Li\u00e8ge\u2013Bastogne\u2013Li\u00e8ge cycle race and was held on 22 April 1951. The race started and finished in Li\u00e8ge. The race was won by Ferdinand K\u00fcbler.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068729-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Londonderry by-election\nThe 1951 Londonderry by-election was held on 19 May 1951 when the incumbent Ulster Unionist Party MP, Ronald Deane Ross was appointed as the Northern Ireland Government Agent in London. The Ulster Unionist candidate William Wellwood was elected unopposed. He retained the seat unopposed at the 1951 United Kingdom general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068730-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Los Angeles Rams season\nThe 1951 Los Angeles Rams season was the team's 14th year with the National Football League and the sixth season in Los Angeles. In 1951, the Rams had an up-and-down season, never winning more than three games in a row, but was able to win eight games and clinch the National Conference after defeating the Green Bay Packers during week twelve. Los Angeles also led the National Football League in attendance for the second time while in Southern California and was the first of ten straight seasons leading the league in attendance. The Rams' largest crowd during the 1951 campaign was 67,186 against the Cleveland Browns during week two.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 668]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068730-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Los Angeles Rams season\nAfter their 8\u20135 campaign, Los Angeles won the National Conference and advanced to their third NFL Championship Game in a row and faced the then-powerhouse Cleveland Browns. The Rams ended up winning their second NFL Championship in seven seasons, and their first in Los Angeles. The 1951 NFL Championship was also the State of California's first major professional championship and the Rams' only title while in Southern California. The Rams would advance to the championship round three more times (1955, Super Bowl XIV, and Super Bowl LIII), but failed to win another championship during their first stint in Los Angeles until after the Rams had moved out of the market.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 701]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068730-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Los Angeles Rams season\nStatistically, the Rams scored 391 points during this season, the second-most points-scored in the 1950s (although significantly less than the highest-scoring team of the decade, the 1950 Rams). Los Angeles led the league in total points, total yards, passing yards, and was third in the league in rushing. Ram quarterbacks Bob Waterfield and Norm Van Brocklin led the National Football League in quarterback rating with both in the top three in yards per completion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 496]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068730-0002-0001", "contents": "1951 Los Angeles Rams season\nElroy \"Crazy Legs\" Hirsch was arguably the best receiver in the league in 1951, leading in nearly every receiving category (receptions, receiving yards, receiving touchdowns, yards per reception, yards per game, and points scored). While the Rams' offensive statistics were stellar, Los Angeles' defense was middle-of-the pack in the NFL with 261 points and 3,879 yards given up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068730-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Los Angeles Rams season, Regular season, Week 1\nWeek one of the 1951 season for the Los Angeles Rams was an exercise in complete domination over the hapless New York Yanks at the Los Angeles Coliseum. Los Angeles jumped out to a 34\u20130 lead before allowing a New York touchdown in the second quarter and would have likely held the Yanks to only 7 points if it were not for a 30-yard fumble return in the fourth quarter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 52], "content_span": [53, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068730-0003-0001", "contents": "1951 Los Angeles Rams season, Regular season, Week 1\nRam quarterback Norm Van Brocklin sliced up the New York defense, throwing for 554 yards with five touchdown passes and three different Los Angeles receivers also had over 100 yards receiving. This was the first of two home for the Rams against the now-defunct Yanks, who had to play eight of their 12 games on the road.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 52], "content_span": [53, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068730-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Los Angeles Rams season, Regular season, Week 2\nWeek two saw the Rams face the then-powerhouse Cleveland Browns, winners of five straight league championships (4 AAFC, 1 NFL), in front of 67,186 at the Los Angeles Coliseum. The game started well enough for Los Angeles, jumping out to a 10\u20130 lead and holding a 10\u20137 lead at halftime. The Browns, however, stormed out of the gate in the third quarter with 21 points to essentially salt away the eventual National Conference champion Rams. Los Angeles would eventually get a rematch with the eventual American Conference champion Browns in the NFL Championship Game and were able to defeat the powerhouse Browns the second time around.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 52], "content_span": [53, 688]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068730-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Los Angeles Rams season, Regular season, Week 5\nWith Los Angeles heading into their rivalry game with the San Francisco 49ers on a two-game winning streak and a 3\u20131 record, the Rams were confident heading into Kezar Stadium in San Francisco. The Rams, however, were shocked by the rival 49ers 44\u201317. San Francisco exploded for four touchdowns (28 points) in the second quarter, effectively ending the game right there. The lone bright spot in the game for the Rams was the continued excellent play by Elroy \"Crazy Legs\" Hirsch with seven receptions, 163 yards, and one touchdown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 52], "content_span": [53, 584]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068730-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 Los Angeles Rams season, Regular season, Week 6\nAfter being embarrassed on the road in San Francisco, the Rams returned home to the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum to face the very same 49ers that defeated them a week earlier. This meeting, however, ended with a Los Angeles victory. The Rams had a 13\u20137 lead heading into halftime, but the third quarter saw San Francisco tie the game at 13 (after a missed PAT) and then early in the fourth quarter take the lead. Los Angeles responded after the 49ers took the lead and rattled off 10 points in the fourth quarter to salt the game away.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 52], "content_span": [53, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068730-0007-0000", "contents": "1951 Los Angeles Rams season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 39], "content_span": [40, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068730-0008-0000", "contents": "1951 Los Angeles Rams season, Postseason, NFL Championship Game\nThe Rams were the first to score with a 1-yard run by fullback Dick Hoerner in the second quarter. The Browns answered back with an NFL Championship record 52-yard field goal by Lou Groza. They later took the lead with a 17-yard touchdown pass from Otto Graham to Dub Jones. The Browns led at halftime 10\u20137.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 63], "content_span": [64, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068730-0009-0000", "contents": "1951 Los Angeles Rams season, Postseason, NFL Championship Game\nIn the third quarter Larry Brink landed a hard tackle on Graham causing him to fumble the ball. Andy Robustelli picked up the ball on the Cleveland 24 and returned it to the Cleveland 2. On the third play of the drive, \"Deacon\" Dan Towler ran the ball in for a touchdown from the one-yard line giving the Rams a 14\u201310 lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 63], "content_span": [64, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068730-0010-0000", "contents": "1951 Los Angeles Rams season, Postseason, NFL Championship Game\nEarly in the fourth quarter, the Rams increased their lead with a Bob Waterfield 17-yard field goal. The Browns answered back with an 8-play, 70-yard drive that ended with a 5-yard touchdown run by Ken Carpenter, tying the game at 17\u201317. Twenty-five seconds later, late in the fourth quarter, Tom Fears beat defenders Cliff Lewis and Tommy James and received a Norm Van Brocklin pass at midfield. Fears raced to the endzone for a 73-yard touchdown, securing a Rams 24\u201317 win and the 1951 NFL title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 63], "content_span": [64, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068731-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Los Angeles State Diablos football team\nThe 1951 Los Angeles State Diablos football team represented Los Angeles State during the 1951 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068731-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Los Angeles State Diablos football team\nLos Angeles State competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA). This was the first year of intercollegiate play for Los Angeles State, and the team was led by head coach Leonard (Bud) Adams. The Diablos played home games at Los Angeles City College. They finished the season with a record of one win and seven losses (1\u20137, 0\u20134 CCAA). They were outscored 63\u2013220 for the season, including being shut out four times.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068731-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Los Angeles State Diablos football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Los Angeles State players were selected in the 1952 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 69], "content_span": [70, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068732-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football team\nThe 1951 Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football team was an American football team that represented the Louisiana Polytechnic Institute (now known as Louisiana Tech University) as a member of the Gulf States Conference during the 1951 college football season. In their eleventh year under head coach Joe Aillet, the team compiled a 4\u20135 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068733-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Louisville Cardinals football team\nThe 1951 Louisville Cardinals football team represented the University of Louisville in the 1951 college football season. Future NFL quarterback Johnny Unitas was in his freshman year on the team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068734-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Loyola Lions football team\nThe 1951 Loyola Lions football team was an American football team that represented Loyola University of Los Angeles (now known as Loyola Marymount University) as an independent during the 1951 college football season. In their third season under head coach Jordan Olivar, the Lions compiled a 3\u20136 record and were outscored by opponents by a combined total of 229 to 180.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068734-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Loyola Lions football team, Discontinuation of the program\nOn December 30, 1951, one month after the season ended, Loyola's president, the Rev. Charles S. Casassa, SJ, announced that the school was discontinuing its intercollegiate football program. The announcement shocked coaches, students, and alumni at the school.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 63], "content_span": [64, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068734-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Loyola Lions football team, Discontinuation of the program\nLoyola's president attributed the decision to the loss of several hundred students resulting from the Korean War which began in June 1950. The Los Angeles Times wrote that other likely factors influencing Loyola's decision included concerns about overemphasis on football, rising costs, heightened competition for players, the platoon system with its demand for a greater number of players, the lack of a suitable home field, and difficulty in scheduling games with popular teams such as UCLA and USC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 63], "content_span": [64, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068734-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Loyola Lions football team, Discontinuation of the program\nOther independent Catholic schools on the West Coast also discontinued their programs during this time period. Saint Mary's College of California disbanded its program after the 1950 season, and the University of San Francisco made its announcement on the same day as Loyola.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 63], "content_span": [64, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068735-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Luxembourg general election\nPartial general elections were held in Luxembourg on 3 June 1951, electing 26 of the 52 seats in the Chamber of Deputies in the south and east of the country. The Christian Social People's Party won 12 of the 26 seats, but saw its total number of seats fall from 22 to 21.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068736-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Macquarie by-election\nThe 1951 by-election for the Australian House of Representatives seat of Macquarie was held on 28 July after the death of the incumbent Australian Labor Party member, former Prime Minister Ben Chifley, who died on 14 June after suffering a heart attack. Chifley's death came less than three months after the 1951 general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068736-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Macquarie by-election, Candidates\nContesting the seat for the Labor Party was Tony Luchetti, who had been the Lang Labor candidate in Macquarie in 1931 and 1934, his preferences defeating Chifley in 1931. William Blanchard ran as an independent Labor candidate in protest at Luchetti's selection as Chifley's successor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068736-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Macquarie by-election, Candidates\nTheir main opponent was William Hannam of the Liberal Party of Australia. Vernon Moffitt, representing the Communist Party of Australia, also ran.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068736-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Macquarie by-election, Aftermath\nAt the following 1954 general election Luchetti retained the seat and was the sole Labor candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 37], "content_span": [38, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068737-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Maine Black Bears football team\nThe 1951 Maine Black Bears football team was an American football team that represented the University of Maine as a member of the Yankee Conference during the 1951 college football season. In its first season under head coach Harold Westerman, the team compiled a 6\u20130\u20131 record (3\u20130\u20131 against conference opponents) and won the Yankee Conference championship. The team played its home games at Alumni Field in Orono, Maine. Peter Pocius Jr. was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 498]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068738-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Major League Baseball All-Star Game\nThe 1951 Major League Baseball All-Star Game was the 18th playing of the midsummer classic between the all-stars of the American League (AL) and National League (NL), the two leagues comprising Major League Baseball. The game was held on July 10, 1951, at Briggs Stadium in Detroit, Michigan the home of the Detroit Tigers of the American League. The game resulted in the National League defeating the American League 8\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068738-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Summary\nThe 1951 game was originally awarded to the Philadelphia Phillies. The City of Detroit was celebrating the 250th anniversary of its founding in 1701 and requested to host the year's All-Star Game. Although the National League was scheduled to host the game in '51, the game was moved to Detroit. The Phillies hosted the 1952 Game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 49], "content_span": [50, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068738-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Summary\nLong-time Tigers player and broadcaster Harry Heilmann died at age 56 in Detroit the day prior to the game. A moment of silence was observed in Heilmann's memory prior to the game's start.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 49], "content_span": [50, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068738-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Summary\nThe American League was 7\u20135 favorites to win the game. The ceremonial first pitch was delivered by Ty Cobb. Chico Carrasquel became the first Latin American player in Major League history to start in an All-Star game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 49], "content_span": [50, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068738-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Rosters\nPlayers in italics have since been inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 49], "content_span": [50, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068739-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Major League Baseball season\nThe 1951 Major League Baseball season opened on April 16 and finished on October 12, 1951. Teams from both leagues played a 154-game regular season schedule. At the end of the regular season, the National League pennant was still undecided resulting in a three game playoff between the New York Giants and the Brooklyn Dodgers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068739-0000-0001", "contents": "1951 Major League Baseball season\nAfter splitting the first two games, the stage was set for a decisive third game, won in dramatic fashion on a walk-off homerun from the bat of Giant Bobby Thomson, one of the most famous moments in the history of baseball, commemorated as the \"Shot Heard 'Round the World\" and \"The Miracle at Coogan's Bluff\". The Giants lost the World Series to defending champion New York Yankees, who were in the midst of a 5-year World Series winning streak.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068740-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Malayan local elections\nThe first election in the Federation of Malaya was for the Municipal Council of George Town in Penang held on 1 December 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068741-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Maltese general election\nEarly general elections were held in Malta between 5 and 7 May 1951. They came less than a year after the previous elections as a result of disagreements in the coalition government formed by the centre-right Nationalist Party and centre-left Malta Workers Party. Although the Malta Labour Party received the most votes, the Nationalist Party remained the largest party, winning 15 of the 40 seats. Despite their previous disagreements, the Nationalist Party and Workers Party formed a new government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068741-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Maltese general election, Electoral system\nThe elections were held using the single transferable vote system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068742-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Marquette Hilltoppers football team\nThe 1951 Marquette Hilltoppers football team was an American football team that represented Marquette University as an independent during the 1951 college football season. In its second season under head coach Lisle Blackbourn, the team compiled a 4\u20136\u20131 record and outscored opponents by a total of 223 to 213. The team played its home games at Marquette Stadium in Milwaukee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068743-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Marshall Thundering Herd football team\nThe 1951 Marshall Thundering Herd football team was an American football team that represented Marshall University in the Ohio Valley Conference (OVC) during the 1951 college football season. In its second season under head coach Pete Pederson, the team compiled a 5\u20134\u20131 record (3\u20132 against conference opponents) and outscored opponents by a total of 206 to 176. The team played its home games at Fairfield Stadium in Huntington, West Virginia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068744-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Maryland State Hawks football team\nThe 1951 Maryland State Hawks football team was an American football team that represented Maryland State College (now known as University of Maryland Eastern Shore) during the 1951 college football season. In their third season under head coach Vernon McCain, the team compiled an 7\u20131 record. Maryland State sole loss came on October 13 against Hampton, which snapped a 26-game winning streak dating back to the 1948 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 465]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068745-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Maryland Terrapins football team\nThe 1951 Maryland Terrapins football team represented the University of Maryland in 1951 college football season as a member of the Southern Conference (SoCon). Maryland outscored its opponents, 381\u201374, and finished the season with a 10\u20130 record, including three shut outs, and held seven opponents to seven points or less. It was the school's first perfect undefeated and untied season since 1893. Maryland also secured its first berth in a major postseason bowl game, the 1952 Sugar Bowl, where it upset first-ranked Tennessee under head coach Robert Neyland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068745-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Maryland Terrapins football team\nMaryland was led by fifth-year head coach Jim Tatum, whom Time magazine called \"the most successful major college coach in the game\" during his nine-year tenure at College Park. To date, Tatum remains the winningest Maryland football coach of the modern era, with a winning percentage of 0.819. The team returned experienced junior quarterback Jack Scarbath, who was the runner-up for the Heisman Trophy in the following season. Other key returning players included Ed Modzelewski, Ed Fullerton, Bob Ward, and Bob Shemonski.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068745-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Maryland Terrapins football team\nThe team was selected national champion by NCAA-designated major selectors of Dunkel, Football Research, National Championship Foundation, Sagarin, and Sagarin (ELO-Chess).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068745-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Maryland Terrapins football team, Before the season\nMaryland had ended the previous season on a two-game winning streak, which it extended through the duration of the 1951 season. The following year, the Terrapins continued that streak for seven additional games before a loss to 11th-ranked Mississippi. In total, Maryland won 22\u00a0straight games from 1950 to 1952, which remains the longest winning streak in program history. One Associated Press writer characterized the 1950 season's 7\u20132\u20131 record as a disappointment to \"never-satisfied alumni\" who had hoped for an undefeated season and first-ever Southern Conference championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 56], "content_span": [57, 639]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068745-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Maryland Terrapins football team, Before the season\nRespected sports prognosticator Grantland Rice picked North Carolina under Carl Snavely as the frontrunner to win the Southern Conference championship and predicted they would finish as the 18th ranked team in the nation. Rice estimated Maryland would finish second in the league and 20th in the rankings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 56], "content_span": [57, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068745-0004-0001", "contents": "1951 Maryland Terrapins football team, Before the season\nRobert Moore of the Associated Press named Maryland the favorite to win the Southern Conference championship and stated it was \"undoubtedly\u00a0...\u00a0the team to beat\", although he acknowledged that at least eight other teams would also be in contention: North Carolina, Clemson, Duke, North Carolina State, South Carolina, VMI, Wake Forest, and William & Mary. Moore was more subdued in his assessments of George Washington, Richmond, Virginia Tech, Washington & Lee, and predicted rebuilding seasons for Davidson, Furman, The Citadel, and West Virginia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 56], "content_span": [57, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068745-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Maryland Terrapins football team, Before the season\nThe Associated Press later called Maryland's preseason favorite title a \"dubious distinction\", to which few teams in the Mid-Atlantic had been able to live up. Tatum expressed confidence and said it was \"the best team I've ever coached,\" but acknowledged the team could lose as many as seven games in a worst-case scenario. Another Associated Press article said most people expected a big season from Maryland as the culmination of five years of Tatum's high-caliber recruiting. A United Press article had high confidence in Maryland, because of its experienced team and what it assessed as an easier schedule than previous seasons. It predicted Georgia, LSU, Navy, and North Carolina as the \"only rough spots\" on the schedule.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 56], "content_span": [57, 784]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068745-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 Maryland Terrapins football team, Before the season, Personnel\nMaryland lost several players, including fifteen lettermen, from the previous season due to the exhaustion of their college eligibility. These included ends Elmer Wingate and Pete Augsburger, tackles Chet Gierula and Ray Krouse, center Jack Rowden, and kicker Jack Targarona. Notably, Maryland did not lose a single back \"worthy of mention\", and all of the linemen aside from the ends had ready replacements.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 67], "content_span": [68, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068745-0007-0000", "contents": "1951 Maryland Terrapins football team, Before the season, Personnel\nOn the whole, Maryland returned a seasoned team that included 22 lettermen, and the United Press described the team as \"bigger and bruisier than ever.\" They were led by junior quarterback Jack Scarbath who gained significant experience in the split-T the previous season, in which he started the first six games before suffering an injury. He was backed up by a capable reservist in sophomore quarterback Bernie Faloney. (In 1952, Scarbath was the Heisman Trophy runner-up, and the following year, Faloney finished fourth in the voting.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 67], "content_span": [68, 605]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068745-0008-0000", "contents": "1951 Maryland Terrapins football team, Before the season, Personnel\nScarbath was accompanied in the backfield by several other capable players, including \"one of the biggest fullbacks in captivity\" Ed Modzelewski and halfbacks Chet \"the Jet\" Hanulak and Ed Fullerton. Halfback Bob Shemonski, the previous season's conference-scoring leader, was shifted to play mostly on defense, but would rank as the team leader in kick returns with six for 126 yards. The Terrapins' line was anchored by co-captains Bob Ward, a guard, and Dave Cianelli, the center. At tackle, it featured Ed's brother, Dick Modzelewski, and Bob Morgan. The defense was described as particularly deep, anchored by Ward, Cianelli, and Jeff Keith, and with good reserves available into even the third string.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 67], "content_span": [68, 775]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068745-0009-0000", "contents": "1951 Maryland Terrapins football team, Before the season, Personnel\nThe position(s) for each player are annotated in parentheses (for an explanation of the abbreviations used see American football positions).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 67], "content_span": [68, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068745-0010-0000", "contents": "1951 Maryland Terrapins football team, Before the season, Personnel, Coaching staff\nJim Tatum served as the head coach for his fifth year at Maryland in the 1951 season. All told, he served a nine-year tenure at College Park and compiled a 73\u201315\u20134 record for a winning percentage of 0.819, the highest among Maryland coaches in the modern era. Tatum later gained national recognition, with Time magazine later calling him \"the most successful major college coach in the game\", and 1951 proved to be his breakout season. Tatum employed the split-T, which he had learned firsthand as the prot\u00e9g\u00e9 of its pioneer, Don Faurot. This new offensive system sought to emulate the \"two-on-one\" fast break of basketball, with the aim of creating an undefended back.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 83], "content_span": [84, 753]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068745-0011-0000", "contents": "1951 Maryland Terrapins football team, Game summaries, Washington & Lee\nThe season opened against Washington & Lee, the defending 1950 Southern Conference champions. In the first quarter, the Generals' fumbled in their own end zone, which was converted into a Maryland touchdown when Pete Ladygo recovered it. Tatum used his alternates generously: fifty Terrapin players saw action in the game and nine scored. Quarterbacks Jack Scarbath, Bob DeStefano, Bernie Faloney, and Lynn Beightol all saw action.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 71], "content_span": [72, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068745-0012-0000", "contents": "1951 Maryland Terrapins football team, Game summaries, George Washington\nTo open the game against George Washington, Scarbath led a five-play drive that culminated in a one-yard rush by Ed Modzelewski for a score. Don Decker made the extra point. Later, Ed Modzelewski scored again on a 62-yard touchdown break. In the second quarter, back-up quarterback Faloney scored on a quarterback keeper. Then, Ralph Felton connected with Ed Fullerton with a 27-yard pass for another touchdown to close the half, 27\u20130. In the third quarter, Scarbath threw a pass to Felton for the final Maryland score. In the fourth quarter, G.W. 's Bino Varreira scored in the last minute of play, for a final result of 33\u20136.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 72], "content_span": [73, 700]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068745-0013-0000", "contents": "1951 Maryland Terrapins football team, Game summaries, Georgia\nThe year prior, Georgia had soundly beaten an unprepared and unconditioned Maryland team in the season-opener. In 1951, the Bulldogs were supposed to be one of the Terrapins' toughest tests. Maryland tallied first with a field goal by Don Decker, which was an unusual method to score at the time. Later in the first quarter, Chet Hanulak rushed for a touchdown. In the second quarter, Hanulak scored again. Georgia's only score of the game came on a four-yard rush by Lauren Hargrove. Halftime expired with a score of 17\u20137. In the third quarter, Ed Modzelewski, Ralph Felton, and Scarbath each scored. Fullerton scored the final touchdown on a then school-record 86-yard run.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 62], "content_span": [63, 738]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068745-0014-0000", "contents": "1951 Maryland Terrapins football team, Game summaries, North Carolina\nIn the first quarter, Maryland engineered a 79-yard drive. Ralph Felton gained the last 27 yards for the score. North Carolina responded with a 41-yard drive capped by a touchdown by Bob Gantt. In the second quarter, Bob Shemonski broke the stalemate with a touchdown pass to Lou Weidensaul for the go-ahead. In the final minutes of the fourth quarter, Maryland's Joe Petruzzo broke up a pass in the end zone to preserve the victory, 14\u20137.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 69], "content_span": [70, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068745-0015-0000", "contents": "1951 Maryland Terrapins football team, Game summaries, North Carolina\nIt was the 18th game of the series and the first Maryland win in eleven meetings. The previous one had been in 1926.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 69], "content_span": [70, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068745-0016-0000", "contents": "1951 Maryland Terrapins football team, Game summaries, Louisiana State\nMaryland then traveled to Baton Rouge to face Southeastern Conference powerhouse Louisiana State. A tough LSU defense held Maryland scoreless through the first and most of the second quarter. Late in the first half, LSU's Jim Barton and Bernie Faloney exchanged several punts, until Maryland gained good field position on the Tigers' 43-yard line. Ed Modzelewski helped lead a five-play drive capped by a quarterback sneak by Scarbath for the first score of the game. On the next Maryland possession, Scarbath dodged several LSU tacklers and ran for a 56-yard touchdown. At halftime, the Terrapins led, 13\u20130. In the third quarter, Maryland executed a sweep and double reverse, which allowed Bob Shemonski to rush for a touchdown. In the fourth quarter, Ed Modzelewski tossed the ball to Chet Hanulak for the final score of the game. Maryland won, 27\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 70], "content_span": [71, 923]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068745-0017-0000", "contents": "1951 Maryland Terrapins football team, Game summaries, Missouri\nMissouri was led by head coach Don Faurot, inventor of the split-T offense and former mentor of Jim Tatum. The Terrapin defense shut-down the Tigers' spread offense and held it to seven completions on 28 attempts. Joe Horning intercepted a Tiger pass and returned it 100 yards for a score. All told, Maryland compiled 350 rushing yards and zero passing yards on three incomplete pass attempts. Missouri recorded 103 passing yards and 92 rushing yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 63], "content_span": [64, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068745-0018-0000", "contents": "1951 Maryland Terrapins football team, Game summaries, Navy\nEarly in the first quarter, Navy's Frank Brady returned a punt 100 yards for a touchdown and gave the Mids a 7-0 lead, marking the only time during the entire 1951 season that Maryland trailed an opponent in a game. Scarbath connected with receivers on 16 of 34 pass attempts for 285 passing yards and two interceptions. Ed Modzelewski and Paul Weidensaul each scored touchdowns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 59], "content_span": [60, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068745-0019-0000", "contents": "1951 Maryland Terrapins football team, Game summaries, NC State\nAt College Park, Maryland sought revenge against NC State for ending their bowl game opportunity the previous year. Ralph Felton ran for 186 yards and a touchdown. Ed Kensler returned an interception for a score. Ed Modzelewski rushed for a total of 89 yards. Don Decker kicked five extra points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 63], "content_span": [64, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068745-0020-0000", "contents": "1951 Maryland Terrapins football team, Game summaries, NC State\nShortly before the game, Maryland accepted an invitation to play in the Sugar Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 63], "content_span": [64, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068745-0021-0000", "contents": "1951 Maryland Terrapins football team, Game summaries, West Virginia\nIn the first quarter, Ed Modzelewski rushed 16 yards for the opening touchdown. Maryland scored three more touchdowns on each of its subsequent possessions. Lloyd Colteryahn caught a ten-yard pass from Scarbath for the fifth and final Terrapins' touchdown of the first half. In the second, Maryland scored 19 unanswered points, which culminated in a 77-yard run by Joe Horning.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 68], "content_span": [69, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068745-0022-0000", "contents": "1951 Maryland Terrapins football team, Game summaries, Tennessee (Sugar Bowl)\nThe Washington Post called the 1952 Sugar Bowl the second \"game of the century,\" with the first having been between the undefeated Army and Notre Dame teams in 1946. The Associated Press called it possibly \"the greatest bowl game of them all.\" Tennessee was a period powerhouse and its roster included five All-Americans. Maryland was viewed as a heavy underdog going into the game. Terrapins halfback Chet Hanulak said, \"Nobody expected us to get that far. But Jim Tatum was a coach who could work wonders.\" After mechanical issues delayed Maryland's flight, the team became the first to practice at night for a Sugar Bowl. Tatum said, \"[Tennessee is] so much better than we are that they probably don't need the practice. But we do\u2014and we'll get it.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 77], "content_span": [78, 830]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068745-0023-0000", "contents": "1951 Maryland Terrapins football team, Game summaries, Tennessee (Sugar Bowl)\nTennessee was led by triple-threat quarterback and Heisman runner-up Hank Lauricella. Head coach Neyland's offensive linemen were described as not large but \"squatty\" and \"bruiser[s], not flashy, but slightly murderous.\" Neyland considered the split-T offense used by Tatum gimmicky and relied on the more traditional single-wing formation. He subscribed to the adage that, when the ball was thrown, \"three things could happen, and two of them were bad.\" For the game, Tatum himself abandoned the split-T in favor of a smashmouth approach to run it up the middle, where he thought \"they least expected [it].\" Neyland's strategy focused heavily on punting the ball to pin the opponent in their own territory with a goal of creating turnovers, and Tatum likewise adopted it.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 77], "content_span": [78, 850]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068745-0024-0000", "contents": "1951 Maryland Terrapins football team, Game summaries, Tennessee (Sugar Bowl)\nThe game started with both teams exchanging several punts in the first quarter. Maryland gained good field position after Lauricella kicked a short punt. Running backs Ed Modzelewski and Ed Fullerton then led an 11-play, 56-yard rushing drive for a touchdown. On the kickoff, Bob Ward hit Lauricella and forced a fumble that Maryland recovered on Tennessee's 13-yard line. After four plays, Jack Scarbath pitched to Fullerton who then threw a six-yard forward pass to Bob Shemonski in the end zone and expanded the Maryland lead to 14\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 77], "content_span": [78, 615]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068745-0024-0001", "contents": "1951 Maryland Terrapins football team, Game summaries, Tennessee (Sugar Bowl)\nScarbath then engineered a 48-yard drive and ran it in himself for the Terrapins' third touchdown within seven minutes. Late in the second quarter, Tennessee back Bert Rechichar caught a four-yard pass for a touchdown, but the extra point was no good. At the end of the first half, Maryland had stunned Tennessee by gaining a 21\u20136 lead. In the third quarter, Fullerton intercepted a pass and returned it 46 yards for a touchdown. In the final minutes, Tennessee's goal-line quarterback Herky Payne ran it in from the one-yard line. Maryland won the game with a final result of 28\u201313.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 77], "content_span": [78, 661]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068745-0025-0000", "contents": "1951 Maryland Terrapins football team, After the season\nMaryland finished as the nation's only untied, undefeated team that had played a ten-game schedule. The final wire service rankings, however, were released prior to the bowl games at the time. Therefore, Maryland held a final ranking as the number-three team in the nation, behind first-ranked Tennessee (10\u20131) and second-ranked Michigan State (9\u20130). To date, the 1951 Terrapins remain Maryland's only undefeated, untied team of the modern era.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 55], "content_span": [56, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068745-0026-0000", "contents": "1951 Maryland Terrapins football team, After the season\nSeveral championship selectors have retroactively named Maryland the 1951 national champions. These include the following NCAA-recognized sources: Jeff Sagarin's computer ranking system, the College Football Researchers Association, the DeVold System, the Dunkel System, and the National Championship Foundation. In 2002, The Washington Post called the 1951 season the greatest in Maryland football history, ranking it above the 1953 national championship team. The season saw Maryland compile its first (and, to date, only) undefeated, untied season since 1893.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 55], "content_span": [56, 618]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068745-0027-0000", "contents": "1951 Maryland Terrapins football team, After the season, Awards\nBob Ward was named a consensus first-team All-American and Dick Modzelewski and Ed Modzelewski were named second-team All-Americans. Dave Cianelli, Tom Cosgrove, Joe Petruzzo, and Jack Scarbath were named honorable mention All-Americans. Jim Tatum was named the Southern Conference Coach of the Year. Bob Ward received the Knute Rockne Award and was named the Southern Conference Player of the Year. Ward and Ed Modzelewski were named All-Southern Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 63], "content_span": [64, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068746-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Masters Tournament\nThe 1951 Masters Tournament was the 15th Masters Tournament, held April 5\u20138 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia. Ben Hogan, age 38, won the first of his two Masters titles, two strokes ahead of runner-up Skee Riegel. It was the fifth of his nine major titles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068746-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Masters Tournament\nAfter three rounds, Hogan was one stroke out of the lead, behind Riegel and Sam Snead, the 1949 champion. Hogan shot a bogey-free final round of 68 (\u22124), while Riegel carded a 71 and Snead an 80 (+8). Prior to this victory, Hogan had eight top ten finishes at the Masters, twice as runner-up in 1942 and 1946.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068746-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Masters Tournament\nThe reigning U.S. Open champion, Hogan also won the year's next major, the 1951 U.S. Open.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068746-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Masters Tournament\nWith high attendance of about 15,000 on Sunday, a fifty percent bonus for the prize money was declared, boosting the purse to $15,000 and the winner's share to $3,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068746-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Masters Tournament, Field\nJimmy Demaret (9,10,12), Claude Harmon, Herman Keiser (9), Byron Nelson (2,6,9), Gene Sarazen (2,4,6,9), Horton Smith (9), Sam Snead (4,6,9,10)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068746-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Masters Tournament, Field\nJohnny Farrell, Ben Hogan (6,9,10), Lawson Little (3,5,9), Lloyd Mangrum (9,10,12), Fred McLeod, Cary Middlecoff (9,10), Lew Worsham", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068746-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 Masters Tournament, Field\nDick Chapman (8,a), Charles Coe (8,a), Skee Riegel (9,10), Sam Urzetta (8,11,a), George Von Elm", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068746-0007-0000", "contents": "1951 Masters Tournament, Field\nJim Ferrier (9,10), Vic Ghezzi (9), Chandler Harper (12), Johnny Revolta", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068746-0008-0000", "contents": "1951 Masters Tournament, Field\nWilliam C. Campbell (a), Dow Finsterwald, Bill Goodloe (a), Bobby Knowles (11,a), Jim McHale Jr. (a), Harold Paddock Jr. (a), Harvie Ward (a)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068746-0009-0000", "contents": "1951 Masters Tournament, Field\nGeorge Fazio (10), Leland Gibson, Fred Haas (10), Chick Harbert, Clayton Heafner, Joe Kirkwood Jr. (10), Johnny Palmer (10,12), Toney Penna", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068746-0010-0000", "contents": "1951 Masters Tournament, Field\nAl Besselink, Julius Boros, Johnny Bulla, Marty Furgol, Dutch Harrison, Dick Mayer, Bill Nary, Henry Ransom, Bob Toski, Harold Williams", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068746-0011-0000", "contents": "1951 Masters Tournament, Field\nRoberto De Vicenzo (9), Tony Holguin, Bill Mawhinney, Juan Segura (a)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068747-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Meath Intermediate Football Championship\nThe 1951 Meath Intermediate Football Championship is the 25th edition of the Meath GAA's premier club Gaelic football tournament for intermediate graded teams in County Meath, Ireland. The tournament consists of 10 teams. The championship format consists of a group stage before progressing to a knock-out stage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068747-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Meath Intermediate Football Championship\nFrom 1951 onwards the club formerly known as Ardcath were named St. Vincent's.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068747-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Meath Intermediate Football Championship\nAt the end of the season, Rathmolyon and St. Mary's Kilbeg (double drop down from 1950 S.F.C.) applied to be regraded to the 1952 J.F.C. The Drumree club folded altogether and weren't to enter a team into Meath GAA competitions again until the 1957 J.F.C. South Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068747-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Meath Intermediate Football Championship\nOn 28 October 1951, St. Patrick's claimed their 1st Intermediate championship title when defeating Ballinlough in the final at Pairc Tailteann. This triumph came in their within their first year as an established club, forming in late 1950 from an amalgamation of J.F.C. clubs Julianstown and Stamullen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068747-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Meath Intermediate Football Championship, Team changes\nThe following teams have changed division since the 1950 championship season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 59], "content_span": [60, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068747-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Meath Intermediate Football Championship, Team changes, To I.F.C.\nStrangely, J.F.C. finalists Carnaross (Kells District Champions), Trim 'B' (South District Champions) and Martry (Navan District Champions) were not promoted in spite of their further progression in the J.F.C. than Syddan 'B'.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 70], "content_span": [71, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068747-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 Meath Intermediate Football Championship, Group stage\nThere are 2 groups called Group A and B. The top finisher in each group will qualify for the Final. Many results were unavailable in the Meath Chronicle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 58], "content_span": [59, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068748-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Meath Senior Football Championship\nThe 1951 Meath Senior Football Championship is the 59th edition of the Meath GAA's premier club Gaelic football tournament for senior graded teams in County Meath, Ireland. The tournament consists of 9 teams. The championship applied a league format.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068748-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Meath Senior Football Championship\nThe championship had one divisional side known as North Meath, composed of top players from Intermediate and Junior club players in the district.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068748-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Meath Senior Football Championship\nThis season saw Donaghmore's debut to the top flight after claiming the 1950 Meath Intermediate Football Championship title. Dunshaughlin also made their debut in the grade after claiming the 1950 J.F.C. title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068748-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Meath Senior Football Championship\nNorth Meath were the defending champions after they defeated Skryne in the previous year's final, however this season they failed to make it past they failed to defend their title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068748-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Meath Senior Football Championship\nSyddan claimed their 2nd S.F.C. title after finishing top of the table and winning the subsequent final. Their triumph was sealed by the defeat of Skryne on 1 June 1952 by 3-5 to 0-9 in Pairc Tailteann.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068748-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Meath Senior Football Championship\nAt the end of the season no club was regraded to the 1952 I.F.C.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068748-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 Meath Senior Football Championship, Team Changes\nThe following teams have changed division since the 1950 championship season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068748-0007-0000", "contents": "1951 Meath Senior Football Championship, League Table & Fixtures/Results\nThe two clubs with the best record enter the S.F.C. Final. Many results were unavailable in the Meath Chronicle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 72], "content_span": [73, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068749-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Mediterranean Games\nThe I Mediterranean Games \u2013 Alexandria 1951 (Egyptian Arabic: \u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 1951\u200e), commonly known as the 1951 Mediterranean Games, were the 1st Mediterranean Games. The Games were held in Alexandria, Egypt over 15 days, from 13 to 20 October 1951, where 734 athletes (all men) from 10 countries participated. There were a total of 13 different sports.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068749-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Mediterranean Games, Participating nations\nThe following is a list of nations that participated in the 1951 Mediterranean Games:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 47], "content_span": [48, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068749-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Mediterranean Games, Sports\nThe inaugural Mediterranean Games sports program featured 13 sports encompassing 91 men-only events. The number in parentheses next to the sport is the number of medal events per sport.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 32], "content_span": [33, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068749-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Mediterranean Games, Medal table\nThe rankings sort by the number of gold medals earned by a country. The number of silvers is taken into consideration next and then the number of bronze. Equal ranking is given and they are listed alphabetically if after the above, countries are still tied. This follows the system used by the IOC, IAAF and BBC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068750-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Meistaradeildin\n1951 Meistaradeildin was the ninth season of Meistaradeildin, the top tier of the Faroese football league system. TB Tv\u00f8royri won its third league title in the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068751-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Memorial Cup\nThe 1951 Memorial Cup final was the 33rd junior ice hockey championship of the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association. The George Richardson Memorial Trophy champions Barrie Flyers of the Ontario Hockey Association in Eastern Canada competed against the Abbott Cup champions Winnipeg Monarchs of the Manitoba Junior Hockey League in Western Canada. In a best-of-seven series, held at Maple Leaf Gardens in Toronto, Barrie Arena in Barrie, Ontario and the Colis\u00e9e de Qu\u00e9bec in Quebec City, Barrie won their 1st Memorial Cup, defeating Winnipeg 4 games to 0.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 571]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068751-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Memorial Cup, Winning roster\nLionel Barber, Marvin Brewer, Real Chevrefils, Don Emms, Paul Emms, Bill Hagan, Lorne Howes, Leo Labine, Jack McKnight, Doug Mohns, Jim Morrison, Daniel O'Connor, Lloyd Pearsall, George Stanutz, Jerry Toppazzini, Doug Towers, Ralph Willis, Chuck Woods, Jack White. Coach: Hap Emms", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 33], "content_span": [34, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068752-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Memphis State Tigers football team\nThe 1951 Memphis State Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Memphis State College (now known as the University of Memphis) as an independent during the 1951 college football season. In their fifth season under head coach Ralph Hatley, Memphis State compiled a 5\u20133 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068753-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Men's British Open Squash Championship\nThe 1951 Open Championship was held at the Lansdowne Club in London from 04-9 April. Hashim Khan won his first title defeating four times champion Mahmoud Karim in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068754-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Men's European Volleyball Championship\nThe 1951 Men's European Volleyball Championship, the third edition of the event, was organized by Europe's governing volleyball body, the Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration Europ\u00e9enne de Volleyball. It was hosted in Paris, France from September 12 to September 22, 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068755-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Men's South American Volleyball Championship\nThe 1951 Men's South American Volleyball Championship, the 1st tournament, took place in 1951 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068756-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Mestaruussarja\nThe 1951 season was the twenty-first completed season of Finnish Football League Championship, known as the Mestaruussarja.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068756-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Mestaruussarja, Overview\nThe Mestaruussarja was administered by the Finnish Football Association and the competition's 1951 season was contested by 10 teams. KTP Kotka won the championship and the two lowest placed teams of the competition, Sudet Helsinki and IKissat Tampere, were relegated to the Suomensarja.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 29], "content_span": [30, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068757-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Miami Airlines C-46 crash\nOn December 16, 1951, a Miami Airlines Curtiss C-46 Commando airliner crashed in the town of Elizabeth, New Jersey, shortly after taking off from nearby Newark Airport. All 56 people on board were killed. At the time, it was the second-deadliest aviation accident on US soil, behind Northwest Orient Airlines Flight 2501.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068757-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Miami Airlines C-46 crash, Aircraft and occupants\nThe aircraft involved in the accident, registered N1678M, was a Curtiss C-46F-1-CU Commando military aircraft that had been converted into a commercial airliner. It had first flown in 1945 and had logged a total of 4,138 flight hours during its career. It was powered by two Pratt & Whitney R-2800-51 Double Wasp engines. The aircraft's occupants on the accident flight consisted of 52 passengers and six crew, including the captain, C. A. Lyons of Miami, and Doris Ruby, a popular nightclub entertainer from Sunnyside, Queens.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 582]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068757-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Miami Airlines C-46 crash, Accident\nThe Miami Airlines C-46 was preparing for a non-scheduled non-stop passenger flight from Newark to Tampa. Of the aircraft's two engines, the right engine took longer to start up; ominously, people nearby could see smoke continuously coming from that engine. At around 3:00 PM EST, the flight taxied out to runway 28, and was cleared for takeoff at 3:03. Just after takeoff, however, Newark ATC personnel saw a trail of white smoke coming from the right side of the aircraft. The tower controller, concerned about the danger of there being a fire, pressed the airport crash alarm button.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 627]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068757-0002-0001", "contents": "1951 Miami Airlines C-46 crash, Accident\nA Miami Airlines captain observing the takeoff from the ground also saw the smoke, which he believed was due to an overheated right brake. He telephoned the control tower and warned for the aircraft to keep its landing gear down or, if it had already been raised, to extend it. The tower relayed his warning to the flight crew of the C-46, who acknowledged and started the process of lowering the landing gear.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068757-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Miami Airlines C-46 crash, Accident\nThe aircraft continued ahead in the direction it took off in for a distance of about four miles, slowly gaining an altitude of approximately 800 to 1,000 feet. All throughout, the smoke progressively worsened; by the time the aircraft had reached the four-mile point, black smoke and actual flames could be seen trailing from the underside of the right engine nacelle. Shortly after the landing gear was lowered, a large burst of flames erupted from underneath the right nacelle. The aircraft banked left to an angle of about 10 degrees and continued onwards in this position for another 4.5 miles, gradually losing altitude as it went.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 677]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068757-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Miami Airlines C-46 crash, Accident\nWhile flying over the nearby city of Elizabeth, the aircraft, at an estimated altitude of just 200 feet, suddenly lurched into a 90-degree left bank from which no recovery was possible. Although Captain Lyons managed to keep the aircraft from hitting the streets, apartment buildings, and a railroad depot below, the aircraft's left wingtip eventually struck the gabled roof of a vacant house near its ridge. The now-out of control aircraft then crashed nose-first into a one-story brick storage building owned by Elizabeth Water Co. before finally coming to rest on the banks of the Elizabeth River. The aircraft's load of fuel ignited immediately upon impact, engulfing both remains of the aircraft and the wrecked storage building in a raging inferno. Nearby firefighters quickly arrived on the scene and eventually extinguished the fire after about 17 minutes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 905]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068757-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Miami Airlines C-46 crash, Accident\nThe aircraft's wreckage came to rest in a generally inverted position and partially submerged in shallow water. All 52 passengers and six crew aboard the aircraft died, while another person on the ground was seriously injured.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068757-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 Miami Airlines C-46 crash, Aftermath\nAccording to the accident report, the hold-down studs of the right engine's number 10 cylinder failed, setting off the fire that ultimately brought down the Miami Airlines C-46.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068757-0007-0000", "contents": "1951 Miami Airlines C-46 crash, Aftermath\nThe accident was the first of three in Elizabeth, N.J. during the winter of 1951\u201352. Just over a month later, an American Airlines Convair 240 crashed while on final approach into Newark, killing all 23 people on board and seven on the ground. Less than a month later, a National Airlines DC-6 crashed into an apartment building, killing 29 of the 59 people on board and 4 people on the ground. Newark Airport was closed following the latter accident, and remained so until November 15, 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 534]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068757-0008-0000", "contents": "1951 Miami Airlines C-46 crash, Aftermath\nThe three crashes later provided the inspiration to writer and Elizabeth resident Judy Blume for her 2015 novel In the Unlikely Event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068758-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Miami Hurricanes football team\nThe 1951 Miami Hurricanes football team represented the University of Miami as an independent during the 1951 college football season. Led by fourth-year head coach Andy Gustafson, the Hurricanes played their home games at Burdine Stadium in Miami, Florida. Miami finished the season 8\u20133. The Hurricanes were invited to the Gator Bowl, where they beat Clemson, 14\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068759-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Miami Redskins football team\nThe 1951 Miami Redskins football team was an American football team that represented Miami University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1951 college football season. In its first season under head coach Ara Parseghian, Miami compiled a 7\u20133 record (3\u20131 against MAC opponents), finished in second place in the MAC, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 229 to 159.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068759-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Miami Redskins football team\nDonald Green was the team captain. The team's statistical leaders included John Pont with 883 rushing yards, Jim Root with 894 passing yards, and Clive Rush with 398 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068760-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Michigan State Normal Hurons football team\nThe 1951 Michigan State Normal Hurons football team represented Michigan State Normal College (later renamed Eastern Michigan University) in the Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (IIAC) during the 1951 college football season. In their third and final season under head coach Harry Ockerman, the Hurons compiled a 4\u20135 record (2\u20134 against IIAC opponents) and outscored their opponents, 186 to 183. Kenneth H. Wegner was the team captain. Vaskin Badalow, Nick Manych and Mike Orend were selected as first-team players on the All-IIAC team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 598]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068761-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Michigan State Spartans football team\nThe 1951 Michigan State Spartans football team represented Michigan State College in the 1951 college football season. The Spartans played their home games at Macklin Stadium (now known as Spartan Stadium) in East Lansing, Michigan and were coached by Clarence \"Biggie\" Munn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068761-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Michigan State Spartans football team\nThe Spartans went undefeated and were selected national champion by NCAA-designated major selectors Billingsley, Helms, and Poling. Georgia Tech, Illinois, Maryland, and Tennessee also received recognition as national champion by various selectors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068762-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Michigan Wolverines football team\nThe 1951 Michigan Wolverines football team was an American football team that represented the University of Michigan in the 1951 Big Ten Conference football season. In its fourth year under head coach Bennie Oosterbaan, Michigan compiled a 4\u20135 record (4\u20132 against conference opponents), finished in fourth place in the Big Ten, and outscored opponents by a combined total of 135 to 122.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 425]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068762-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Michigan Wolverines football team\nLeft halfback/quarterback Bill Putich was the team captain, and fullback Don Peterson received the team's most valuable player award.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068762-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Michigan Wolverines football team\nHalfback/safety Lowell Perry was selected by the Central Press Association as a second-team player on the 1951 College Football All-America Team. Three Michigan players received All-Big Ten honors: Lowell Perry (AP-1, UP-1); offensive tackle Tom Johnson (AP-1, UP-1); and linebacker Roger Zatkoff (AP-1).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068762-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Michigan Wolverines football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Bill Putich with 390 passing yards, Don Peterson with 549 rushing yards, and Lowell Perry with 395 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068762-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Michigan Wolverines football team, Statistical leaders\nMichigan's individual statistical leaders for the 1951 season include those listed below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 59], "content_span": [60, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068762-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Michigan Wolverines football team, Personnel, Letter winners\nThe following 36 players received varsity letters for their participation on the 1951 team. Players who started at least four games are shown with their names in bold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 65], "content_span": [66, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068762-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 Michigan Wolverines football team, Personnel, Coaching staff\nMichigan's 1951 coaching, training, and support staff included the following persons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 65], "content_span": [66, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068762-0007-0000", "contents": "1951 Michigan Wolverines football team, Awards and honors\nHonors and awards for the 1951 season went to the following individuals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 57], "content_span": [58, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068763-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Milan\u2013San Remo\nThe 1951 Milan\u2013San Remo was the 42nd edition of the Milan\u2013San Remo cycle race and was held on 19 March 1951. The race started in Milan and finished in San Remo. The race was won by Louison Bobet.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068764-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team\nThe 1951 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team represented the University of Minnesota in the 1951 Big Ten Conference football season. In their first year under head coach Wes Fesler, the Golden Gophers compiled a 2\u20136\u20131 record and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 258 to 162.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068764-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team\nNo Golden Gophers players were named any major awards, All-American, Academic All-American, All-Big Ten or Academic All-Big Ten. It was the last season that no Golden Gopher players achieved any of the awards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068764-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team\nTotal attendance for the season was 255,851, which averaged to 51,170. The season high for attendance was against Nebraska.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068765-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Misrair SNCASE Languedoc crash\nThe 1951 Misrair SNCASE Languedoc crash occurred on 22 December 1951 when a SNCASE Languedoc of Misrair crashed whilst attempting to land at Tehran Airport, Iran during a snowstorm. All 22 people on board were killed. The aircraft was operating an international scheduled passenger flight from Baghdad Airport, Iraq to Tehran.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068765-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Misrair SNCASE Languedoc crash, Aircraft\nThe accident aircraft was SNCASE Languedoc msn 41, registration SU-AHH.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068765-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Misrair SNCASE Languedoc crash, Accident\nThe aircraft, operating an international scheduled passenger flight from Baghdad Airport, Iraq to Tehran Airport was reported to have crashed 10 nautical miles (19\u00a0km) west of Tehran in a snowstorm. All five crew and fifteen passengers on board were killed. The aircraft is reported to have circled Tehran four times before contact was lost with the control tower at about 8pm local time. It was assumed that the aircraft had returned to Baghdad. The wreckage was subsequently discovered the next day in a ravine. There were seventeen passengers listed, but two of them did not board the flight in Baghdad. Amongst the casualties was American Henry G. Bennett, director of the Technical Cooperation Administration (TCA), which oversaw the Point Four Program. Three other TCA members also died.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 839]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068766-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Mississippi Southern Southerners football team\nThe 1951 Mississippi Southern Southerners football team was an American football team that represented Mississippi Southern College (now known as the University of Southern Mississippi) as a member of the Gulf States Conference during the 1951 college football season. In their third year under head coach Thad Vann, the team compiled a 6\u20135 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068767-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Mississippi State Maroons football team\nThe 1951 Mississippi State Maroons football team represented Mississippi State College during the 1951 college football season. Head coach Arthur Morton was fired after his third consecutive losing season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068768-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Mississippi gubernatorial election\nThe 1951 Mississippi gubernatorial election took place on November 6, 1951, in order to elect the Governor of Mississippi. Incumbent Democrat Fielding L. Wright was term-limited, and could not run for reelection to a second full term. As was common at the time, the Democratic candidate ran unopposed in the general election so therefore the Democratic primary was the real contest, and winning the primary was considered tantamount to election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068768-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Mississippi gubernatorial election, Democratic primary\nNo candidate received a majority in the Democratic primary, which featured 7 contenders, so a runoff was held between the top two candidates. The runoff election was won by former Governor Hugh L. White, who defeated lawyer Paul B. Johnson Jr., son of former Governor Paul B. Johnson Sr.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 59], "content_span": [60, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068769-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Missouri Tigers football team\nThe 1951 Missouri Tigers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Missouri in the Big Seven Conference (Big 7) during the 1951 college football season. The team compiled a 2\u20138 record (1\u20135 against Big 7 opponents), finished in a tie for fourth place in the Big 7, and was outscored by all opponents by a combined total of 292 to 169. Don Faurot was the head coach for the 14th of 19 seasons. The team played its home games at Memorial Stadium in Columbia, Missouri.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068769-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Missouri Tigers football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Junior Wren with 451 rushing yards and 708 yards of total offense, Tony Scardino with 653 passing yards, Harold Carter with 456 receiving yards, and James Hook with 36 points scored.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068770-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Mongolian legislative election\nParliamentary elections were held in Mongolia on 10 June 1951. At the time, the country was a one-party state under the rule of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party. The MPRP won 176 of the 294 seats, with the remaining 118 seats going to non-party candidates, who had been chosen by the MPRP due to their social status. Voter turnout was reported to be 99.9%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068771-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Montana Grizzlies football team\nThe 1951 Montana Grizzlies football team represented the University of Montana in the 1951 college football season as a member of the Skyline Conference. The Grizzlies were led by third-year head coach Ted Shipkey, played their home games on campus at Dornblaser Field in Missoula, and finished with a record of two wins and seven losses (2\u20137, 1\u20134 MSC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068772-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Montana State Bobcats football team\nThe 1951 Montana State Bobcats football team was an American football team that represented Montana State University in the Rocky Mountain Conference (RMC) during the 1951 college football season. In its second and final season under head coach John Mason, the team compiled a 0\u20137 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068773-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Monte Carlo Rally\nThe 1951 Monte Carlo Rally was the 21st Rallye Automobile de Monte-Carlo. It was won by Jean Tr\u00e9voux.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068774-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Montenegrin Republic League\nThe 1951 Montenegrin Republic League was sixth season of Montenegrin Republic League. Season began in March 1951 and ended in June same year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068774-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Montenegrin Republic League, Season\nOn season 1951, in Republic League participated six teams - three, two or one best-placed from three different qualifying group.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 40], "content_span": [41, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068774-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Montenegrin Republic League, Season, Qualifiers\nIn the qualifiers participated 14 teams. They were a part of three regional qualifying groups (zones). Two best-placed teams from each group gained promotion to 1951 Montenegrin Republic League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 52], "content_span": [53, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068774-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Montenegrin Republic League, Season, Qualifiers, Group 1\nIn qualifying group 1 played teams from Northern Montenegro. At the end, Radni\u010dki Ivangrad and Bratstvo Bijelo Polje qualified for Republic League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 61], "content_span": [62, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068774-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Montenegrin Republic League, Season, Qualifiers, Group 2\nIn qualifying group 2 played teams from Central Montenegro. At the end, Sutjeska and Lov\u0107en qualified for Republic League. Additionally, as second-placed team from Group 3 withdrew from competition, Iskra as a best third-placed team gained promotion to Republic League. During the qualifiers, Sutjeska defeated De\u010di\u0107 10-0 and that was the highest win on 1951 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 61], "content_span": [62, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068774-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Montenegrin Republic League, Season, Qualifiers, Group 3\nIn qualifying group 3 played teams from coastal Montenegro. At the end, Arsenal qualified for Republic League. Second placed Primorac Bijela withdrew after the qualifiers, due to financial and technical difficulties to play in Montenegrin Republic League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 61], "content_span": [62, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068774-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 Montenegrin Republic League, Season, Championship\nDuring the sixth edition of Montenegrin Republic League, four teams struggled for the title until the last week of championship - Radni\u010dki, Sutjeska, Bratstvo and Lov\u0107en. At the end, after the home victory against Sutjeska (3-2) in the final week of championship, Radni\u010dki won the season, with only single point more than teams from positions 2-4. With that success, Radni\u010dki for the first time played in qualifiers for Yugoslav Second League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 54], "content_span": [55, 498]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068774-0007-0000", "contents": "1951 Montenegrin Republic League, Season, Results\nRadni\u010dki finished season with four defeats. Most goals (10) was seen on the game Radni\u010dki - Lov\u0107en (8-2).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 49], "content_span": [50, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068774-0008-0000", "contents": "1951 Montenegrin Republic League, Season, Qualifiers for Yugoslav Second League\nRadni\u010dki played in qualifiers for Yugoslav Second League. They played against Second League side Bokelj. After two games, Radni\u010dki failed to gain their first-ever promotion to second-tier competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 79], "content_span": [80, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068774-0009-0000", "contents": "1951 Montenegrin Republic League, Higher leagues\nOn season 1951, two Montenegrin teams played in higher leagues of SFR Yugoslavia. Both of them (Budu\u0107nost and Bokelj) participated in 1951 Yugoslav Second League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068775-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Morris Brown Wolverines football team\nThe 1951 Morris Brown Wolverines football team was an American football team that represented Morris Brown College in the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SIAC) during the 1951 college football season. In their second season under head coach Edward Clemons, the team compiled a 10\u20131 record, defeated Alcorn A&M in the Tropical Bowl, and outscored all opponents by a total of 449 to 56.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068775-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Morris Brown Wolverines football team\nThe Morris Brown team was rated by the Pittsburgh Courier as the 1951 black college national champion, ahead of second-place Florida A&M and third-place Tennessee A&I. The Associated Negro Press rated Morris Brown second behind North Carolina A&T but acknowledged that \"Morris Brown has just as great a claim to the title because it was the nation's best offensive and defensive team.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068776-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 NAIA Men's Basketball Tournament\nThe 1951 NAIA Men's Basketball Tournament was held in March at Municipal Auditorium in Kansas City, Missouri. The 14th Annual NAIA basketball tournament featured 32 teams playing in a single-elimination format. The championship game featured Hamline University (Minn.) and Millikin University (Ill.). It was the first meeting between these two schools in tournament history. The Pipers of Hamline defeated the Big Blue of Millikin 69 to 61.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068776-0000-0001", "contents": "1951 NAIA Men's Basketball Tournament\nThe 1951 Tournament would be Hamline's 5th trip to the NAIA Final Four, and second tournament win, it was also Millikin's only trip to championship game, NAIA Final Four, and first of eventually four tournament berths. The other teams that rounded out the semifinals were Baldwin-Wallace (Ohio) and Regis University (Colo.). The Baldwin-Wallace Yellow Jackets defeated the Regis Rangers 82 to 78.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068776-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 NAIA Men's Basketball Tournament\nHamline's win put them on the leader board for most tournament champions with 3. A record that would last until Tennessee State University would win in consecutive years. (1957, 1958, 1959.) Three Championships would be a tournament record until 1996 when Oklahoma City University won its 4th Championship Title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068776-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 NAIA Men's Basketball Tournament, Awards and honors\nMany of the records set by the 1951 tournament have been broken, and many of the awards were established much later:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 56], "content_span": [57, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068776-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 NAIA Men's Basketball Tournament, 1951 NAIA bracket, 3rd place game\nThe third place game featured the losing teams from the national semifinalist to determine 3rd and 4th places in the tournament. This game was played until 1988.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 72], "content_span": [73, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068777-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 NASCAR Grand National Series\nThe 1951 NASCAR Grand National season was the third season of professional stock car racing in the United States. Beginning at the Daytona Beach Road Course on February 5, 1951, the season included forty-one races. The season concluded at New Mobile Speedway on November 25. Herb Thomas won the Drivers' Championship with a 21st-place finish at the final race of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068777-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1951\u201301\nThe first race of the 1951 season was run on February 5 at the Daytona Beach Road Course in Daytona Beach, Florida. Tim Flock won the pole position.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068777-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1951\u201302\nThe second race of the 1951 season was held on April 1 at the Charlotte Speedway. Fonty Flock won the pole", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068777-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1951\u201303\nThe third race of the 1951 season was held on April 8 at the Lakeview Speedway in Mobile, Alabama. Red Harrelson won the pole", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068777-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1951\u201304\nThe fourth race of the 1951 season was held on April 8 at the Carrell Speedway in Gardena, California. It was the first NASCAR race ever staged west of the Mississippi River. Andy Pierce won the pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068777-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1951\u201305\nThe fifth race of the 1951 season was held on April 15 at the Occoneechee Speedway. Fonty Flock won the pole. The race ended after 95 laps due to rain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068777-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1951\u201306\nThe sixth race of the 1951 season was held on April 22 at the Arizona State Fairgrounds in Phoenix, Arizona. Fonty Flock won the pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068777-0007-0000", "contents": "1951 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, Wilkes County 150\nThe seventh race of the 1951 season was held on April 29 at the North Wilkesboro Speedway. Fonty Flock won the pole", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 68], "content_span": [69, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068777-0008-0000", "contents": "1951 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1951\u201308\nThe eight race of the 1951 season was held on May 6 at the Martinsville Speedway. Tim Flock won the pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068777-0009-0000", "contents": "1951 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, Poor Man's 500\nThe ninth race of the 1951 season was held on May 30 at the Canfield Speedway. Bill Rexford won the pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 65], "content_span": [66, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068777-0010-0000", "contents": "1951 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1951\u201310\nThe tenth race of the 1951 season was held on June 10 at the Columbus Speedway in Columbus, Georgia. Gober Sosebee won the pole. During the first caution, Marshall Teague suffered a leg injury when his car was hit in the side near the back straightaway by Fireball Roberts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068777-0011-0000", "contents": "1951 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1951\u201311\nThe eleventh race of the 1951 season was held on June 16 at the Columbia Speedway in Columbia, South Carolina. Frank Mundy won the pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068777-0012-0000", "contents": "1951 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1951\u201312\nThe twelfth race of the 1951 season was held on June 24 at the Dayton Speedway. Tim Flock won the pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068777-0013-0000", "contents": "1951 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1951\u201313\nThe thirteenth race of the 1951 season was held on June 30 at the Carrell Speedway. Lou Figaro won the pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068777-0014-0000", "contents": "1951 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1951\u201314\nThe fourteenth race of the 1951 season was held on July 1 at the Grand River Speedrome in Grand Rapids, Michigan. Marshall Teague won the pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068777-0015-0000", "contents": "1951 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1951\u201315\nThe fifteenth race of the 1951 season was held on July 8 at the Bainbridge Speedway in Bainbridge, Ohio. Fonty Flock won the pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068777-0016-0000", "contents": "1951 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1951\u201316\nThe sixteenth race of the 1951 season was held on July 15 at the Heidelberg Raceway. Fonty Flock won the pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068777-0017-0000", "contents": "1951 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1951\u201317\nThe seventeenth race of the 1951 season was held on July 29 at the Asheville-Weaverville Speedway. Fonty Flock won the pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068777-0018-0000", "contents": "1951 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1951\u201318\nThe eighteenth race of the 1951 season was held on July 31 at the Monroe County Fairgrounds in Rochester, New York. Fonty Flock won the pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068777-0019-0000", "contents": "1951 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1951\u201319\nThe nineteenth race of the 1951 season was held on August 1 at the Altamont-Schenectady Fairgrounds. Fonty Flock won the pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068777-0020-0000", "contents": "1951 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, Motor City 250\nThe twentieth race of the 1951 season was held on August 12 at the Michigan State Fairgrounds Speedway. Marshall Teague won the pole. This race had five cautions including nine cars with mechanical problems and a 10-car wreck on lap 130. The race ended with 21 cars on the lead lap. Late in the race leaders Curtis Turner and Tommy Thompson tangled. Thompson went on to win while Turner finished ninth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 65], "content_span": [66, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068777-0021-0000", "contents": "1951 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1951\u201321\nThe twenty-first race of the 1951 season was held on August 19 at the newly-surfaced Fort Miami Speedway in Toledo, Ohio. Fonty Flock won the pole. This was the first NASCAR Grand National race held at this .500\u00a0mile dirt track. The track was removed from the schedule until at least 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068777-0022-0000", "contents": "1951 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1951\u201322\nThe twenty-second race of the 1951 season was held on August 24 at the Morristown Speedway. Tim Flock won the pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068777-0023-0000", "contents": "1951 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1951\u201323\nThe twenty-third race of the 1951 season was held on August 25 at the Air Base Speedway in Greenville, South Carolina. Tim Flock won the pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068777-0024-0000", "contents": "1951 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, Southern 500\nThe second running of this race and the twenty-fourth race of the 1951 season was held on September 3 at the Darlington Raceway. Frank Mundy won the pole. The race featured an 82-car field. This was Red Byron's last career start.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 63], "content_span": [64, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068777-0025-0000", "contents": "1951 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1951\u201325\nThe twenty-fifth race of the 1951 season was held on September 7 at the Columbia Speedway. Tim Flock won the pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068777-0026-0000", "contents": "1951 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1951\u201326\nThe twenty-sixth race of the 1951 season was held on September 8 at the Central City Speedway. Bob Flock won the pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068777-0027-0000", "contents": "1951 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1951\u201327\nThe twenty-seventh race of the 1951 season was held on September 15 at the Langhorne Speedway. Fonty Flock won the pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068777-0028-0000", "contents": "1951 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1951\u201328\nThe twenty-eight race of the 1951 season was held on September 23 at the Charlotte Speedway. Billy Carden won the pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068777-0029-0000", "contents": "1951 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1951\u201329\nThe twenty-ninth race of the 1951 season was held on September 23 at the Dayton Speedway. Fonty Flock won the pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068777-0030-0000", "contents": "1951 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1951\u201330\nThe thirtieth race of the 1951 season was held on September 30 at the newly .500\u00a0mile dirt track Wilson Speedway. Fonty Flock won the pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068777-0031-0000", "contents": "1951 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1951\u201331\nThe thirty-first race of the 1951 season was held on October 7 at the one-mile dirt Occoneechee Speedway. Herb Thomas won his first career pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068777-0032-0000", "contents": "1951 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1951\u201332\nThe thirty-second race of the 1951 season was held on October 12 at the half-mile paved Thompson Speedway in Connecticut. Neil Cole won the pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068777-0033-0000", "contents": "1951 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1951\u201333\nThe thirty-third race of the 1951 season was held on October 14 at the half-mile dirt Pine Grove Speedway in Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068777-0034-0000", "contents": "1951 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1951\u201334\nThe thirty-fourth race of the 1951 season was held on October 14 at the half-mile dirt Martinsville Speedway in Virginia. Herb Thomas won the pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068777-0035-0000", "contents": "1951 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1951\u201335\nThe thirty-fifth race of the 1951 season was held on October 14 at the .625\u00a0mile dirt Oakland Stadium in California. Dick Rathman won the pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068777-0036-0000", "contents": "1951 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, Wilkes 200\nThe third running of this race and the thirty-sixth race of the 1951 season was held on October 21 at the .625\u00a0mile dirt North Wilkesboro Speedway in North Carolina. Herb Thomas won the pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 61], "content_span": [62, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068777-0037-0000", "contents": "1951 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1951\u201337\nThe thirty-seventh race of the 1951 season was held on October 28 at the half-mile dirt Marchbanks Speedway in California. Dick Rathman won the pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068777-0038-0000", "contents": "1951 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1951\u201338\nThe thirty-eighth race of the 1951 season was held on November 4 at the half-mile dirt Jacksonville Speedway Park in Florida. Herb Thomas won the pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068777-0039-0000", "contents": "1951 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1951\u201339\nThe thirty-ninth race of the 1951 season was held on November 11 at the one-mile dirt Lakeview Speedway in Georgia. Frank Mundy won the pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068777-0040-0000", "contents": "1951 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1951\u201340\nThe fortieth race of the 1951 season was held on November 11 at the half-mile dirt Carrell Speedway in California. Fonty Flock won the pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068777-0041-0000", "contents": "1951 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1951\u201341\nThe forty-first and last race of the 1951 season was held on November 25 at the .750\u00a0mile dirt New Mobile Speedway. Frank Mundy won the pole. Herb Thomas finished 21st and went home as 1951 NASCAR Grand National champion. Fonty and Tim Flock finished fourth and second respectively to eventually finish second and third in the championship, and their brother Bob Flock got in a massive accident and broke his neck when his roof collapsed. Mundy's win at New Mobile propelled him to fifth in the final standings, while Lee Petty, winner of just one race, at the Monroe County Fairgrounds, finished 16th in the race to claim fourth in the standings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 706]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068778-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 NBA All-Star Game\nThe 1951 NBA All-Star Game was an exhibition basketball game played on March 2, 1951, at Boston Garden in Boston, Massachusetts, home of the Boston Celtics. The game was the first edition of the National Basketball Association (NBA) All-Star Game and was played during the 1950\u201351 NBA season. The idea of holding an All-Star Game was conceived during a meeting between NBA President Maurice Podoloff, NBA publicity director Haskell Cohen and  Boston Celtics owner Walter A. Brown. At that time, the basketball world had just been stunned by the college basketball point-shaving scandal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068778-0000-0001", "contents": "1951 NBA All-Star Game\nIn order to regain public attention to the league, Cohen suggested the league to host an exhibition game featuring the league's best players, similar to the Major League Baseball's All-Star Game. Although most people, including Podoloff, were pessimistic about the idea, Brown remained confident that it would be a success. He even offered to host the game and to cover all the expenses or potential losses incurred from the game. The Eastern All-Stars team defeated the Western All-Stars team 111\u201394. Boston Celtics' Ed Macauley was named as the first NBA All-Star Game Most Valuable Player Award. The game became a success, drawing an attendance of 10,094, much higher than that season's average attendance of 3,500.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 741]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068778-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 NBA All-Star Game, Roster\nThe players for the All-Star Game were chosen by sports writers in several cities. They were not allowed to select players from their own cities. Players were selected without regard to position. On February 13, the team was announced by the NBA President Maurice Podoloff. Ten players from each Division were selected to represent the Eastern and Western Division in the All-Star Game. Vince Boryla, Ed Macauley, Dick McGuire and Dolph Schayes were unanimous selections to the Eastern team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 522]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068778-0001-0001", "contents": "1951 NBA All-Star Game, Roster\nFrank Brian, Ralph Beard, Bob Davies, Alex Groza, George Mikan, Vern Mikkelsen and Fred Schaus were unanimous selections to the Western team. Both the Philadelphia Warriors and the New York Knickerbockers were represented by three players each on the roster. The All-Star rosters included three rookies who were drafted in the 1950 draft: Paul Arizin, Bob Cousy and Larry Foust. Two players, Ken Murray and Arnie Risen, were named as alternates for the Eastern and Western team respectively. The alternates would be invited to the team if any of the twenty players selected failed to take part in the game. The starters were chosen by each team's head coach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 689]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068778-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 NBA All-Star Game, Roster\nThe coaches for the All-Star Game were the head coaches who coached the teams with the best winning percentage in their division through February 18, the Sunday two weeks before the All-Star game. The coach for the Western team was Minneapolis Lakers head coach John Kundla. As of February 18, the Lakers had 36\u201318 record, the best winning percentage in the Western Division and in the league. The coach for the Eastern team was New York Knickerbockers head coach Joe Lapchick. As of February 18, the Knickerbockers had 31\u201321 record, the best winning percentage in the Eastern Division and the second-best winning percentage in the league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 670]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068778-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 NBA All-Star Game, Roster\nKen Murray was a member of Eastern Division's Baltimore Bullets when the team was announced. He was sold to Western Division's Fort Wayne Pistons on February 15.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068778-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 NBA All-Star Game, Game\nThe East defeated the West by 17 points. The West trailed by the end of the first quarter, where they were outscored by 9 points. The East's lead increased to 11 points at halftime and again to 19 points at the end of the third quarter. Boston Celtics' Ed Macauley scored a game-high 20 points and successfully defended Minneapolis Lakers star George Mikan, limiting him to only 4 field goals and 12 points. Alex Groza of the Indianapolis Olympians scored a team-high 17 points for the West.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 28], "content_span": [29, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068778-0004-0001", "contents": "1951 NBA All-Star Game, Game\nSyracuse Nationals' Dolph Schayes scored 15 points and also recorded a game-high 14 rebounds for the East while reserve Dick McGuire added a game-high 10 assists. Two other players from the East, Joe Fulks and reserve Paul Arizin, scored at least 19 and 15 points respectively as their team had 46.2 field goal percentage. On the other hand, the West only managed to make 32.7 percent of its shots. Macauley was named as the first All-Star Game Most Valuable Player. However, he was honored two years later during the 1953 All-Star Game, when the league decided to designate an MVP for each year's game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 28], "content_span": [29, 632]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068779-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 NBA Finals\nThe 1951 NBA World Championship Series was the championship round of the 1951 NBA Playoffs, which concluded the National Basketball Association 1950\u201351 season. The Western Division champion Rochester Royals faced the Eastern Division champion New York Knicks in a best-of-seven series with Rochester having home-court advantage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068779-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 NBA Finals\nRochester won the first three games, two at home, but New York won the next three, two at home. It was the first BAA or NBA Finals (spanning 1947 to 1951) that extended to a seventh-game conclusion, a 4-point win by Rochester at home on Saturday, April 21.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068779-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 NBA Finals\nThe seven games were played in fifteen days, beginning Saturday and Sunday, April 7 and 8, in Rochester and incorporating one game in Rochester on each following weekend. Three Wednesday or Friday games were played in New York City. The entire postseason tournament spanned 33 days in which both Rochester and New York played 14 games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068779-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 NBA Finals\nThe Royals appeared in their first NBA finals by defeating the Fort Wayne Pistons in the semifinals and the two-time defending champion Minneapolis Lakers in the division finals while the Knicks defeated the Boston Celtics in the semifinals and the Syracuse Nationals in the division finals. This was the first finals appearance for both teams, and the first Finals with two teams that had not made a finals appearance since the 1947 BAA Finals", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068779-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 NBA Finals, Series summary\nThe Sacramento Kings/Rochester Royals won their first ever NBA Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 31], "content_span": [32, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068779-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 NBA Finals, Aftermath\nThis was the first and to date last title for the Rochester Royals, who would move to Cincinnati for the 1957\u201358 NBA season. The Royals would spend 15 years mired in mediocrity before moving to Kansas City in 1972, changing their name in the process to the Kings. One notable highlight was their appearance in the 1981 NBA Playoffs, in which their 40-42 team reached the Conference Finals before losing to the Houston Rockets. The Kings moved to Sacramento in 1985.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 26], "content_span": [27, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068779-0005-0001", "contents": "1951 NBA Finals, Aftermath\nThe team reached the conference finals in the 2002 NBA Playoffs, their closest to reaching the NBA finals in recent years. The Royals/Kings have the longest NBA title drought, and also the longest Finals appearance drought in NBA history and actively in all of the American major four pro sports leagues.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 26], "content_span": [27, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068779-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 NBA Finals, Aftermath\nThis would be the Knicks first of three consecutive appearances in the Finals, but they would lose all three times. They would not return to the Finals until 1970, which they won.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 26], "content_span": [27, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068780-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 NBA draft\nThe 1951 NBA draft was the fifth annual draft of the National Basketball Association (NBA). The draft was held on April 25, 1951, before the 1951\u201352 season. In this draft, ten remaining NBA teams took turns selecting amateur U.S. college basketball players. In each round, the teams select in reverse order of their win\u2013loss record in the previous season. The Tri-Cities Blackhawks participated in the draft, but relocated to Milwaukee and became the Milwaukee Hawks prior to the start of the season. The draft consisted of 12 rounds comprising 87 players selected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068780-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 NBA draft, Draft selections and draftee career notes\nGene Melchiorre from Bradley University was selected first overall by the Baltimore Bullets. However, he never played in the NBA due to his involvement in a point shaving scandal while playing college basketball. Myer Skoog from University of Minnesota was selected before the draft as Minneapolis Lakers' territorial pick.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 57], "content_span": [58, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068780-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 NBA draft, Other picks\nThe following list includes other draft picks who have appeared in at least one NBA game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 27], "content_span": [28, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068781-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 NBA playoffs\nThe 1951 NBA playoffs was the postseason tournament of the National Basketball Association 1950\u201351 season. The tournament concluded with the Western Division champion Rochester Royals defeating the Eastern Division champion New York Knicks 4 games to 3 in the NBA Finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068781-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 NBA playoffs\nThe eight qualified teams began tournament play on Tuesday and Wednesday, March 20 and 21, and the Finals concluded on Saturday, April 21. Rochester and New York played 14 games in a span of 33 days; their seven final games in fifteen days.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068781-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 NBA playoffs\nThe Rochester Royals (now the Sacramento Kings) were \"royalty\" in their first nine seasons, from 1945\u201346 to 1953\u201354 always one of the strong teams in their league. Rochester had played three seasons in the National Basketball League, winning the 1946 NBL championship and losing the Finals in 1947 and 1948. In one BAA and one NBA season, the team had won 75% of its games before losing in the second round, then first round, of the 1949 and 1950 playoffs. The 1950\u201351 team won more than 60% of its games, as the Royals would do for three more seasons, and participated in the club's only NBA Finals. That remains true more than 60 years later, covering stints in Rochester, Cincinnati, Kansas City, and Sacramento.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 733]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068781-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 NBA playoffs\nThe New York Knicks were an original Basketball Association of America franchise, now in its sixth season and participating in the BAA or NBA Finals for the first time. It would be the first three consecutive years as losing finalist.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068781-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 NBA playoffs\nAnother six-year-old, original BAA team, the Boston Celtics had qualified only for the 1948 BAA Playoffs. Now the second-place Eastern Division team, Boston had earned home-court advantage for a first-round series with third-place New York. It was the first playoff meeting in the Celtics\u2013Knicks rivalry and it would be the first of 19 consecutive years in the playoffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068781-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 NBA playoffs, Bracket\nBold Series winnerItalic Team with home-court advantage in NBA Finals", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 26], "content_span": [27, 96]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068781-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 NBA playoffs, Division Semifinals, Eastern Division Semifinals, (1) Philadelphia Warriors vs. (4) Syracuse Nationals\nThis was the second playoff meeting between these two teams, with the 76ers/Nationals winning the first meeting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 121], "content_span": [122, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068781-0007-0000", "contents": "1951 NBA playoffs, Division Semifinals, Eastern Division Semifinals, (2) Boston Celtics vs. (3) New York Knicks\nThis was the first playoff meeting between these two teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 111], "content_span": [112, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068781-0008-0000", "contents": "1951 NBA playoffs, Division Semifinals, Western Division Semifinals, (1) Minneapolis Lakers vs. (4) Indianapolis Olympians\nThis was the first playoff meeting between these two teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 122], "content_span": [123, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068781-0009-0000", "contents": "1951 NBA playoffs, Division Semifinals, Western Division Semifinals, (2) Rochester Royals vs. (3) Fort Wayne Pistons\nThis was the second playoff meeting between these two teams, with the Pistons winning the first meeting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 116], "content_span": [117, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068781-0010-0000", "contents": "1951 NBA playoffs, Division Finals, Eastern Division Finals, (3) New York Knicks vs. (4) Syracuse Nationals\nThis was the second playoff meeting between these two teams, with the Nationals winning the first meeting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 107], "content_span": [108, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068781-0011-0000", "contents": "1951 NBA playoffs, Division Finals, Western Division Finals, (1) Minneapolis Lakers vs. (2) Rochester Royals\nThis was the second playoff meeting between these two teams, with the Lakers winning the first meeting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 108], "content_span": [109, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068781-0012-0000", "contents": "1951 NBA playoffs, NBA Finals: (W2) Rochester Royals vs. (E3) New York Knicks\nThis was the first playoff meeting between these two teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 77], "content_span": [78, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068782-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 NC State Wolfpack football team\nThe 1951 NC State Wolfpack football team represented North Carolina State University during the 1951 college football season. The Wolfpack were led by eighth-year head coach Beattie Feathers and played their home games at Riddick Stadium in Raleigh, North Carolina. They competed as members of the Southern Conference, finishing with a conference record of 2\u20136, and a 3\u20137 record overall. Feathers was fired as head coach at the conclusion of the season. He had a record of 37\u201338\u20133 at NC State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068783-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 NCAA Basketball Tournament\nThe 1951 NCAA Basketball Tournament involved 16 schools playing in single-elimination play to determine the national champion of men's NCAA Division I college basketball. It began on March 20, 1951, and ended with the championship game on March 27 at Williams Arena in Minneapolis, Minnesota. A total of 18 games were played, including a third place game in each region and a national third place game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068783-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 NCAA Basketball Tournament\nKentucky, coached by Adolph Rupp, won the national title with a 68\u201358 victory over Kansas State, coached by Jack Gardner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068783-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 NCAA Basketball Tournament\nThis NCAA tournament was the first with a 16-team field. Only the championship and third place games were held in Minneapolis, while the semifinals were held in the respective regional sites; similar to previous years. A true \"Final Four\" (semifinals and final at same location) debuted the following year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068783-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 NCAA Basketball Tournament\nThe twelve-team National Invitation Tournament (NIT) was held the previous week in New York City at Madison Square Garden, with its championship on Saturday, March 17. Four teams competed in both tournaments, including NIT champion BYU; they lost in the quarterfinal round, by ten points to Kansas State. The three other teams were Arizona, North Carolina State, and St. John's.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068783-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 NCAA Basketball Tournament, Locations\nThe following are the sites selected to host each round of the 1951 tournament:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 42], "content_span": [43, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068783-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 NCAA Basketball Tournament, Locations, Championship Game\nThe city of Minneapolis became the fifth host city, and Williams Arena the fifth host arena, of the National Championship game. It was the third college venue to do so, after Patten Gym in 1939 and Hec Edmundson Pavilion in 1949. For the ninth and twelfth straight years, Madison Square Garden and the Kansas City Municipal Auditorium hosted the East and West regionals, respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 61], "content_span": [62, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068783-0005-0001", "contents": "1951 NCAA Basketball Tournament, Locations, Championship Game\nThe two other arenas would also host the Sweet Sixteen games; while the Municipal Auditorium did so on consecutive days, Madison Square Garden shared duties for these games with a new venue, Reynolds Coliseum on the campus of North Carolina State University in Raleigh. It was the first games held in the state of North Carolina, and the second time a Southern school hosted games after Tulane University did in 1942. Reynolds would go on to host games a dozen times over a thirty-year stretch.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 61], "content_span": [62, 556]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068784-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 NCAA Cross Country Championships\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Paul2520 (talk | contribs) at 18:29, 17 November 2019 (Adding short description: \"1951 cross-country running meet of the NCAA\" (Shortdesc helper)). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068784-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 NCAA Cross Country Championships\nThe 1951 NCAA Cross Country Championships were the 13th annual cross country meet to determine the team and individual national champions of men's collegiate cross country running in the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068784-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 NCAA Cross Country Championships\nSince the current multi-division format for NCAA championship did not begin until 1973, all NCAA members were eligible. In total, 23 teams and 122 individual runners contested this championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068784-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 NCAA Cross Country Championships\nThe meet was hosted by Michigan State College on November 26, 1951, at the Forest Akers East Golf Course in East Lansing, Michigan. The distance for the race was 4 miles (6.4 kilometers).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068784-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 NCAA Cross Country Championships\nThe team national championship was won by the Syracuse Orangemen, their first. The individual championship was retained by Herb Semper, from Kansas, with a time of 20:09.74.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068785-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 NCAA Golf Championship\nThe 1951 NCAA Golf Championship was the 13th annual NCAA-sanctioned golf tournament to determine the individual and team national champions of men's collegiate golf in the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068785-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 NCAA Golf Championship\nThe tournament was held at the Ohio State University Golf Club in Columbus, Ohio.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068785-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 NCAA Golf Championship\nTwo-time defending champions North Texas State again won the team title, the Eagles' third NCAA team national title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068786-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 NCAA Men's Basketball All-Americans\nThe consensus 1951 College Basketball All-American team, as determined by aggregating the results of five major All-American teams. To earn \"consensus\" status, a player must win honors from a majority of the following teams: the Associated Press, Look Magazine, The United Press International, Collier's Magazine and the International News Service.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068787-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament\nThe 1951 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament was the culmination of the 1950\u201351 NCAA men's ice hockey season, the 4th such tournament in NCAA history. It was held between March 15 and 17, 1951, and concluded with Michigan defeating Brown 7-1. All games were played at the Broadmoor Ice Palace in Colorado Springs, Colorado.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068787-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament\nThis was the last tournament to include only independent schools. (As of 2016)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068787-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament, Qualifying teams\nFour teams qualified for the tournament, two each from the eastern and western regions. The teams were selected by a committee based upon both their overall record and the strength of their opponents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 55], "content_span": [56, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068787-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament, Format\nThe eastern and western teams judged as better were seeded as the top regional teams. The second eastern seed was slotted to play the top western seed and vice versa. All games were played at the Broadmoor Ice Palace. All matches were Single-game eliminations with the semifinal winners advancing to the national championship game and the losers playing in a consolation game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 45], "content_span": [46, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068788-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 NCAA Swimming and Diving Championships\nThe 1951 NCAA Swimming and Diving Championships were contested in March 1951 at the pool at Gregory Gymnasium at the University of Texas at Austin in Austin, Texas at the 15th annual NCAA-sanctioned swim meet to determine the team and individual national champions of men's collegiate swimming and diving in the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068788-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 NCAA Swimming and Diving Championships\nYale finished on top of the team standings, earning the Bulldogs' their third national title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068789-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 NCAA Tennis Championships\nThe 1951 NCAA Tennis Championships were the 6th annual tournaments to determine the national champions of NCAA men's singles, doubles, and team collegiate tennis in the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068789-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 NCAA Tennis Championships\nUSC won the team championship, the Trojans' second title. USC finished two points ahead of Cincinnati (9\u20137).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068789-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 NCAA Tennis Championships, Host site\nThis year's tournaments were contested at the Vandy Christie Tennis Center at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068789-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 NCAA Tennis Championships, Team scoring\nUntil 1977, the men's team championship was determined by points awarded based on individual performances in the singles and doubles events.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 44], "content_span": [45, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068790-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 NCAA Track and Field Championships\nThe 1951 NCAA Track and Field Championships were contested at the 30th annual NCAA-hosted track meet to determine the team and individual national champions of men's collegiate track and field events in the United States. This year's meet was hosted by the University of Washington at Husky Stadium in Seattle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068790-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 NCAA Track and Field Championships\nUSC won their third consecutive team national championship, their 15th team title overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068791-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 NCAA Wrestling Championships\nThe 1951 NCAA Wrestling Championships were the 21st NCAA Wrestling Championships to be held. Lehigh in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania hosted the tournament at Taylor Gymnasium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068791-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 NCAA Wrestling Championships\nOklahoma took home the team championship with 21 points and having one individual champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068791-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 NCAA Wrestling Championships\nWalter Romanowski of Cornell College was named the Most Outstanding Wrestler.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068792-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 NCAA baseball season\nThe 1951 NCAA baseball season, play of college baseball in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) began in the spring of 1951. The season progressed through the regular season and concluded with the 1951 College World Series. The College World Series, held for the fifth time in 1951, consisted of one team from each of eight geographical districts and was held in Omaha, Nebraska at Johnny Rosenblatt Stadium as a double-elimination tournament. Oklahoma claimed the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 550]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068792-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 NCAA baseball season, Conference winners\nThis is a partial list of conference champions from the 1951 season. Each of the eight geographical districts chose, by various methods, the team that would represent them in the NCAA Tournament. Conference champions had to be chosen, unless all conference champions declined the bid.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 45], "content_span": [46, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068792-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 NCAA baseball season, College World Series\nThe 1951 season marked the fifth NCAA Baseball Tournament, which consisted of the eight team College World Series. The College World Series was held in Omaha, Nebraska, which set a record for attendance of 27,789. Districts used a variety of selection methods to the event, from playoffs to a selection committee. District playoffs were not considered part of the NCAA Tournament, and the expansion to eight teams resulted in the end of regionals as they existed from 1947 through 1949. The eight teams played a double-elimination format, with Oklahoma claiming their first championship with a 3\u20132 win over Tennessee in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 47], "content_span": [48, 678]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068793-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 NCAA football rankings\nTwo human polls comprised the 1951 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) football rankings. Unlike most sports, college football's governing body, the NCAA, does not bestow a national championship, instead that title is bestowed by one or more different polling agencies. There are two main weekly polls that begin in the preseason\u2014the AP Poll and the Coaches' Poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068793-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 NCAA football rankings, AP Poll\nThe final AP Poll was released on December 3, at the end of the 1951 regular season, weeks before the major bowls. The AP would not release a post-bowl season final poll regularly until 1968.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 36], "content_span": [37, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068793-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 NCAA football rankings, Final Coaches' Poll\nThe final UP Coaches Poll was released prior to the bowl games, on December 3. Tennessee received 23 of the 35 first-place votes; Michigan State received seven, Maryland two, and one each to Illinois, Georgia Tech, and Princeton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 48], "content_span": [49, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068794-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 NFL Championship Game\nThe 1951 National Football League Championship Game was the 19th NFL championship game, played December 23 at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum in Los Angeles, California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068794-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 NFL Championship Game\nIt was a rematch of the previous year's game in Cleveland, with the Los Angeles Rams (8\u20134) of the National Conference meeting the defending league champion Cleveland Browns (11\u20131) of the American Conference. In the league championship game for the third straight year, the Rams were seeking their first NFL title since moving to California in early 1946 (the Cleveland Rams won the 1945 title, then left a month later). The Browns were favored to win this title game on the road by six points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068794-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 NFL Championship Game\nThis was the first NFL championship game to be televised coast-to-coast, and was blacked out by the league in the southern California area. The DuMont Network purchased the championship game TV rights from the NFL in May for five years (1951\u201355) for $475,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068794-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 NFL Championship Game\nThe home underdog Rams upset the Browns 24\u201317 for their second NFL championship before a then-record crowd for the title game of 59,475. The \"World Championship\" banner awarded to the Rams was given as a gift to Tom Bergin after the game in gratitude for hosting the post-game dinner. As of 2016 it still hangs in the Tom Bergin's Irish pub in Los Angeles, the only one in private ownership. This was also the first time that the Browns under Paul Brown did not finish the season with a championship after 4 wins in the AAFC and a championship in their first NFL season in 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 605]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068794-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 NFL Championship Game\nAs of 2020, this remains the Rams' only NFL championship as a California team. The Rams won their first NFL championship during their final season in Cleveland, and also won a Super Bowl during their time in St. Louis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068794-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 NFL Championship Game, Game summary\nThe Rams were the first to score, with a 1-yard run by fullback Dick Hoerner in the second quarter. The Browns answered back with an NFL Championship record 52-yard field goal by Lou Groza. They later took the lead with a 17-yard touchdown pass from Otto Graham to Dub Jones, and the Browns led at halftime, 10\u20137.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068794-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 NFL Championship Game, Game summary\nIn the third quarter, Ram Larry Brink landed a hard tackle on Graham, causing him to fumble the ball, which Andy Robustelli picked up on the Cleveland 24 and returned it to the two-yard-line. On third down from the one, \"Deacon\" Dan Towler ran the ball in for a touchdown to give the Rams a 14\u201310 lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068794-0007-0000", "contents": "1951 NFL Championship Game, Game summary\nEarly in the fourth quarter, the Rams increased their lead with a 17-yard field goal by Bob Waterfield. The Browns answered back with an 8-play, 70-yard drive that ended with a 5-yard touchdown run by Ken Carpenter to tie the game at 17\u201317.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068794-0008-0000", "contents": "1951 NFL Championship Game, Game summary\nTwenty-five seconds later, Tom Fears beat defenders Cliff Lewis and Tommy James, and received a Norm Van Brocklin pass at midfield and raced to the end zone for a 73-yard touchdown. It secured the Rams a 24\u201317 win and the 1951 NFL title, their sole league championship to date in southern California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068794-0009-0000", "contents": "1951 NFL Championship Game, Game summary\nThe next NFL title for the franchise came 48 years later, when the St. Louis Rams won Super Bowl XXXIV in January 2000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068794-0010-0000", "contents": "1951 NFL Championship Game, Officials\nThe NFL added the fifth official, the back judge, in 1947; the line judge arrived in 1965, and the side judge in 1978.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 37], "content_span": [38, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068794-0011-0000", "contents": "1951 NFL Championship Game, Players' shares\nThe gross receipts for the game, including $75,000 for radio and television rights, was just under $326,000, the highest to date, passing the previous record of $283,000 five years earlier in 1946. Each player on the winning Rams team received $2,108, while Browns players made $1,483 each.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 43], "content_span": [44, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068795-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 NFL Draft\nThe 1951 National Football League Draft was held January 18\u201319, 1951, at the Blackstone Hotel in Chicago. The Baltimore Colts folded after the 1950 season. The NFL placed their players in the 1951 NFL draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068796-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 NFL season\nThe 1951 NFL season was the 32nd regular season of the National Football League. Prior to the season, Baltimore Colts owner Abraham Watner faced financial difficulties, and thus gave his team and its player contracts back to the league for $50,000. However, many Baltimore fans started to protest the loss of their team. Supporting groups such as its fan club and its marching band remained in operation and worked for the team's revival, which eventually led to a new, more lucrative Baltimore team in 1953 that ultimately carried on the erratic lineage of the last remaining Ohio League member Dayton Triangles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 629]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068796-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 NFL season\nFor the first time, the NFL Championship Game was televised across the nation. The DuMont Television Network paid $75,000 to broadcast the game. Viewers coast-to-coast watched the Los Angeles Rams defeat the Cleveland Browns 24\u201317.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068796-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 NFL season, Draft\nThe 1951 NFL Draft was held from January 18-19, 1951 at Chicago's Blackstone Hotel. With the first pick, the New York Giants selected halfback Kyle Rote from Southern Methodist University.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 22], "content_span": [23, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068796-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 NFL season, Final standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 32], "content_span": [33, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068796-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 NFL season, NFL Championship Game\nLos Angeles 24, Cleveland 17 at Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, Los Angeles, December 23, 1951", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 38], "content_span": [39, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068797-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 NSWRFL season\nThe 1951 New South Wales Rugby Football League premiership was the forty-fourth season of Sydney\u2019s top-level rugby league competition, Australia\u2019s first. Ten teams from across the city competed for the newly created J. J. Giltinan Shield during the season which culminated in a grand final between South Sydney and Manly-Warringah.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068797-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 NSWRFL season, Season summary\nSouth Sydney ascended to the minor premiership with relative ease in 1951, losing only one match during the season to finish the regular season ahead by a record eleven-point margin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068797-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 NSWRFL season, Teams\n17th seasonGround: Belmore Sports Ground Coach: Vic Bulgin\u2192Alby WhyCaptain: Vic Bulgin", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 25], "content_span": [26, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068797-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 NSWRFL season, Finals\nOdds-on favourites to retain the premiership, Souths reserved their worst performance of the year for the semi-final against St. George being trounced 35\u20138. This loss meant that a grand final would be necessary to determine the season's premiers. The next week, the Dragons were beaten by a gutsy Manly side in a preliminary final, 18\u20138. The infant Manly club thus qualified for its first grand final only five seasons after having entered the League in 1947.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 26], "content_span": [27, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068797-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 NSWRFL season, Finals, Grand Final\nManly were without former Test star and captain-coach Wally O'Connell who had a fractured bone in his wrist. The Sea Eagles were instead captained by hooker Kevin Schubert. Gordon Willoughby played out the match with his leg heavily strapped rather than leave his side further depleted but Manly\u2019s hopes of upsetting the defending premiers were shattered in a spectacular display of attacking rugby league by Souths.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 39], "content_span": [40, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068797-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 NSWRFL season, Finals, Grand Final\nThe smallest crowd for a final since 1944 was on hand at the Sports Ground to witness a one-sided game which Souths won 42\u201314. A highlight of the record win was Test winger John Graves\u2019 four tries in the match \u2013 the only time this has been achieved in grand final history. Souths 42 points remains the highest score made in a Grand Final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 39], "content_span": [40, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068797-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 NSWRFL season, Finals, Grand Final\nSouths scored first through Bernie Purcell and led 15\u20134 at the break. They then piled on twenty-seven points in the second-half. Tries to Clive Churchill, Ray Mason, Jack Rayner and Chick Cowie added to Graves' record haul. The Rabbitohs pack, led by front rower Denis Donoghue, dominated Manly\u2019s forwards with Ernie Hammerton giving his team a feast of possession. Bernie Purcell landed seven goals from nine attempts and was also dynamic in attack, being chosen by The Sunday Herald judge, Frank McMillan as the man-of-the-match, for which he received a \u00a310 reward.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 39], "content_span": [40, 607]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068797-0007-0000", "contents": "1951 NSWRFL season, Finals, Grand Final\nOther records set that day include the most combined points scored in a grand final (56 total); the most tries scored by one team in a grand final (8), (a mark later matched by Eastern Suburbs in 1975 Grand Final, and Manly Warringah Sea Eagles in the 2008 NRL Grand Final), the most goals scored in grand final by the winning team (9) and the most total combined goals scored in a Grand Final (13).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 39], "content_span": [40, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068797-0008-0000", "contents": "1951 NSWRFL season, Finals, Grand Final\nSouth Sydney Rabbitohs 42Tries: Graves (4), Churchill, Mason, Rayner, CowieGoals: Purcell (7), Hammerton, Donoghue.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 39], "content_span": [40, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068798-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 NYU Violets football team\nThe 1951 NYU Violets football team was an American football team that represented New York University as an independent during the 1951 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068798-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 NYU Violets football team\nIn their second season under head coach Hugh Devore, the Violets compiled a 1\u20137 record, and were outscored 329\u201379.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068798-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 NYU Violets football team\nThe team played two games at Triborough Stadium on Randalls Island in Manhattan. The rest of its schedule was on the road. NYU played no games at its on-campus home field, Ohio Field in University Heights, Bronx.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068799-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 National Challenge Cup\nThe 1951 National Challenge Cup was the 38th edition of the USSFA's annual open soccer championship. The German Hungarian S.C. from Eastern New York defeated the Pittsburgh Heidelberg to win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068800-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 National Invitation Tournament\nThe 1951 National Invitation Tournament was the fourteenth edition of the annual NCAA college basketball competition. Held in New York City at Madison Square Garden, its championship was on Saturday, March 17, and BYU defeated Dayton by nineteen points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068800-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 National Invitation Tournament\nThe following week, BYU participated in the 16-team NCAA Tournament, and lost in the quarterfinal round, by ten points to Kansas State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068801-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 National League tie-breaker series\nThe 1951 National League tie-breaker series was a best-of-three playoff series at the conclusion of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 1951 regular season to decide the winner of the National League (NL) pennant. The games were played on October 1, 2, and 3, 1951, between the New York Giants and Brooklyn Dodgers. It was necessary after both teams finished the season with identical win\u2013loss records of 96\u201358. It is most famous for the walk-off home run hit by Bobby Thomson of the Giants in the deciding game, which has come to be known as baseball's \"Shot Heard 'Round the World\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 618]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068801-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 National League tie-breaker series\nThis was the second three-game playoff in NL history. After no tiebreakers had been needed since the American League (AL) became a major league in 1901, this was the third such tie in the previous six seasons. The Dodgers had been involved in the previous one as well, losing to the St. Louis Cardinals during the 1946 season in two straight games. In addition to the 1946 series, the AL had a one-game playoff in 1948.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068801-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 National League tie-breaker series\nThe Giants won game one, while the Dodgers came back to win game two. After trailing for most of game three, the Giants rallied to win the game and the series. Consequently, they advanced to the 1951 World Series, in which they were defeated by the New York Yankees. In baseball statistics, the tie-breaker series counted as the 155th, 156th, and 157th regular season games by both teams; all events in the games were added to regular season statistics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 493]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068801-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 National League tie-breaker series, Background\nSportswriters projected that the Giants, Dodgers, and Philadelphia Phillies would battle it out for the National League pennant during the 1951 Major League Baseball season. The previous season, the \"Whiz Kids\" Phillies won the NL pennant with a 91\u201363 record, while the Dodgers and Giants finished in second and third place, two and five games behind the Phillies, respectively. In the annual Associated Press poll, Brooklyn was projected as the favorite to win the pennant with 1,413 points, New York was second with 1,281, and Philadelphia was third with 1,176. The United Press, however, had New York winning the pennant; they had 81 votes compared to 55 for Brooklyn and 18 for Philadelphia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 51], "content_span": [52, 747]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068801-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 National League tie-breaker series, Background\nThroughout the first half of the season, the Dodgers stayed in first place by a large margin. On August 11, they were 13+1\u20442 games ahead of the Giants and 14+1\u20442 games ahead of the Phillies, and as a result they were already looking ahead to facing the New York Yankees in the 1951 World Series; the Associated Press commented on their dominance, saying that \"unless they completely fold in their last 50 games, they're in.\" While the Phillies fell out of contention, the Giants won 16 consecutive games from August 12 to August 27, cutting their deficit from 12+1\u20442 games to six.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 51], "content_span": [52, 632]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068801-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 National League tie-breaker series, Background\nBy September 20, the Dodgers had ten games left to play while the Giants had seven, and the Dodgers had a 4+1\u20442 game advantage, making a pennant win appear imminent. However, the Giants won their last seven games, and the Dodgers needed to defeat the Phillies in the final game of the season to force a playoff; they did so by winning 9\u20138 in 14 innings, leaving both teams with a record of 96\u201358.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 51], "content_span": [52, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068801-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 National League tie-breaker series, Background\nThe National League used a three-game playoff (prior to 1969) to break a tie for the pennant, the winner of which would face the American League champion Yankees in the 1951 World Series. The Dodgers won the coin toss for home field advantage, but opted to host game one at Ebbets Field on October 1, while the Giants would as a result get to host games two and three at the Polo Grounds on October 2 and 3. The Dodgers chose Ralph Branca, who also started the first game of the 1946 tiebreaker, to start game one because he had beaten the Giants twice in the regular season, while the Giants chose Jim Hearn, who had beaten the Dodgers twice that year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 51], "content_span": [52, 705]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068801-0007-0000", "contents": "1951 National League tie-breaker series, Game 1 summary\nBranca began the game by retiring the first three batters; Eddie Stanky and Alvin Dark flied out while Don Mueller grounded out. In the bottom of the first, Carl Furillo grounded out, and Pee Wee Reese hit a single. After Duke Snider flied out, Reese was caught stealing second base to end the inning. In the second inning, Branca retired all three hitters; when the Dodgers came up to bat, Jackie Robinson flied out and Roy Campanella grounded out. Andy Pafko scored the game's first run with a home run to left.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 55], "content_span": [56, 569]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068801-0007-0001", "contents": "1951 National League tie-breaker series, Game 1 summary\nAfter the third out, Willie Mays walked to start the third inning, and after the first out Stanky got the Giants' first hit, a single. After a fly out by Dark, the Giants remained without a run; Hearn retired all three batters in the bottom of the third to end the inning.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 55], "content_span": [56, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068801-0008-0000", "contents": "1951 National League tie-breaker series, Game 1 summary\nIn the fourth inning, Monte Irvin was hit by a pitch between outs by Mueller and Whitey Lockman. Bobby Thomson then hit a home run to put the Giants up, 2\u20131. After the third out, the Dodgers came back to the plate. Reese grounded out, but Snider and Robinson hit back-to-back singles. Campanella grounded into a double play to end the inning. The Giants got one man on base in the top of the fifth inning, when Stanky singled with two outs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 55], "content_span": [56, 496]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068801-0008-0001", "contents": "1951 National League tie-breaker series, Game 1 summary\nPafko reached on an error to start off the bottom of the fifth, but was caught stealing second base; Gil Hodges and Branca both struck out to end the fifth. The only hit in the sixth inning was a single by Lockman, and the two teams entered the seventh inning with the score still 2\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 55], "content_span": [56, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068801-0009-0000", "contents": "1951 National League tie-breaker series, Game 1 summary\nThere were no hits in the seventh inning, as both pitchers retired the first three batters they faced. In the top of the eighth inning, Irvin hit the third home run of the game, his 24th of the year, to make the score 3\u20131. Lockman then reached first base on an error and was able to advance to third base, but Mays and Hearn both struck out to keep the score intact. No Dodgers managed a hit in the bottom of the eighth, though the Dodgers brought in Jim Russell to use as a pinch hitter for Branca.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 55], "content_span": [56, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068801-0009-0001", "contents": "1951 National League tie-breaker series, Game 1 summary\nIn the ninth inning, Alvin Dark doubled for the Giants, but he was the only player on either team to earn a hit; Hearn retired all three Dodgers hitters to end the game with the 3\u20131 victory, earning a complete game win after allowing five hits to the Dodgers. Those in attendance included Bill Dickey, a coach for the Yankees who attended the game to scout both teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 55], "content_span": [56, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068801-0010-0000", "contents": "1951 National League tie-breaker series, Game 2 summary\nThe series moved to the Polo Grounds for game two. Sheldon Jones took the mound for the Giants despite a 6\u201310 record going into the game, allowing the Giants to save Sal Maglie for the series' game three or the first game of the World Series. The Dodgers used Clem Labine, a rookie who had started just six games for the Dodgers in his career, because they lacked pitchers who were ready for the game. The Yankees were among those in attendance as spectators.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 55], "content_span": [56, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068801-0011-0000", "contents": "1951 National League tie-breaker series, Game 2 summary\nPee Wee Reese singled and Jackie Robinson homered, scoring two runs for the Dodgers in the first inning; the Giants had one player reach base on an error, making the score 2\u20130 after one inning. In the second inning, Gil Hodges singled and reached third base on an error, allowing the Dodgers to potentially score again. After Rube Walker's hit the Giants threw Hodges out at home plate, and two further outs ended their turn at bat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 55], "content_span": [56, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068801-0011-0001", "contents": "1951 National League tie-breaker series, Game 2 summary\nThe Giants had two consecutive hits in their half, a double hit by Thomson and a single hit by Mays, but they failed to score as well after two groundouts, leaving the score 2\u20130. After one out, Duke Snider walked and Robinson singled to start the third inning, and Jones was removed from pitching duties, replaced by George Spencer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 55], "content_span": [56, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068801-0012-0000", "contents": "1951 National League tie-breaker series, Game 2 summary\nSpencer ended the inning by throwing Snider out at home to keep the score 2\u20130. Eddie Stanky reached base after a Dodgers error, marking the second error for both teams; after another hit, the inning ended with a strikeout by Thomson. In the fourth inning, three players hit singles but did not score. Snider doubled in the fifth inning with one out, and a Jackie Robinson single made the score 3\u20130. The inning ended for the Dodgers on a double play, and Don Mueller hit a single in the bottom of the fifth before the Giants recorded three straight outs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 55], "content_span": [56, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068801-0012-0001", "contents": "1951 National League tie-breaker series, Game 2 summary\nThe Dodgers opened up the game in the sixth inning, as Hodges led off with a home run. Billy Cox then reached base on an error and scored on a second error to make the game 5\u20130. After Labine walked to get on base, there was a rain delay, and play did not resume until that night.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 55], "content_span": [56, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068801-0013-0000", "contents": "1951 National League tie-breaker series, Game 2 summary\nAfter the game resumed, Labine scored on back-to-back singles by Reese and Snider. The Giants then came up to bat, failing to earn a hit as the score became 6\u20130 after six innings. To start the seventh inning, Al Corwin replaced Bill Rigney for the Giants, who had pinch hit for Spencer. Andy Pafko hit a home run to start the inning, and Hodges walked; he later scored on the fifth and final error made by the Giants to make the score 8\u20130. The bottom of the seventh and the eighth inning passed without a hit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 55], "content_span": [56, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068801-0013-0001", "contents": "1951 National League tie-breaker series, Game 2 summary\nIn the ninth inning, Walker hit a home run, the fourth of the game, to make the score 10\u20130. The Giants failed to get a hit in the bottom of the ninth, ending the game. Labine pitched a six-hit shutout, not allowing a hit in the final four innings as the series went to a deciding third game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 55], "content_span": [56, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068801-0014-0000", "contents": "1951 National League tie-breaker series, Game 3 summary\nGame three was also held at the Polo Grounds. With each team having won one game, it was time for a matchup between the two teams' ace pitchers. Sal Maglie was on the mound for New York, while Brooklyn called on Don Newcombe; both pitchers had winning records against the opposing team heading into the matchup. After Maglie walked two batters in the top of the first inning, Jackie Robinson singled, scoring Pee Wee Reese. No further hits were allowed until the bottom of the second, when Whitey Lockman and Bobby Thomson singled; neither scored, and it remained 1\u20130 through two innings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 55], "content_span": [56, 644]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068801-0015-0000", "contents": "1951 National League tie-breaker series, Game 3 summary\nIronically, that potential rally in the first inning by the Giants was thwarted by a baserunning miscue by Bobby Thomson, who would later become the hero of the game. Trying to stretch a single into a double, Thomson didn't realize that Lockman had not advanced to third base. This led to two Giants baserunners being stuck at second and provided the Dodgers with an easy chance for an out.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 55], "content_span": [56, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068801-0016-0000", "contents": "1951 National League tie-breaker series, Game 3 summary\nThe incident prompted Gordon McLendon on the Liberty Radio Network, which broadcast the game coast-to-coast, to draw comparisons between Bobby Thomson's baserunning gaffe and the infamous Merkle Boner, which cost the Giants the pennant in 1908, and baserunning antics of the allegedly inept Brooklyn Dodgers of the 1930s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 55], "content_span": [56, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068801-0017-0000", "contents": "1951 National League tie-breaker series, Game 3 summary\nThe game then became a pitcher's duel; Maglie and Newcombe did not allow a hit in the third or fourth innings. In the fifth, Billy Cox singled on a bunt, and Thomson hit a double, but the score remained 1\u20130 through five innings. Duke Snider singled in the sixth inning, but was caught stealing second. Neither team got another hit until the seventh inning. Rube Walker singled for the Dodgers, and Monte Irvin led off the bottom of the seventh with a double for the Giants. He reached third base after a bunt, and scored on a sacrifice fly by Thomson, tying the score at one run each.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 55], "content_span": [56, 640]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068801-0018-0000", "contents": "1951 National League tie-breaker series, Game 3 summary\nIn the top of the eighth, the Dodgers scored three runs off Maglie. Reese and Snider hit back-to-back singles, and Maglie threw a wild pitch, allowing Reese to score. After Robinson was walked, Andy Pafko hit a single to score Snider. Cox added another single to score Robinson, making the score 4\u20131 in favor of the Dodgers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 55], "content_span": [56, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068801-0019-0000", "contents": "1951 National League tie-breaker series, Game 3 summary\nDuring this Dodgers rally, Thomson, who would eventually emerge as the hero of the game, was once more at the center of attention, as both run-scoring hits in that inning were the results of groundballs hit towards him. Pafko's ball went off Thomson's glove into foul territory and Cox's two-out single went by Thomson into left field. The former hit was in fact deemed an error by radio announcer Gordon McLendon before the official scorer's decision of a hit was announced.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 55], "content_span": [56, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068801-0020-0000", "contents": "1951 National League tie-breaker series, Game 3 summary\nNewcombe got the Giants out in order in the bottom of the eighth, and Larry Jansen did the same in relief of Maglie in the top of the ninth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 55], "content_span": [56, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068801-0021-0000", "contents": "1951 National League tie-breaker series, Game 3 summary\nAlvin Dark led off with a single in the bottom of the ninth, and Don Mueller followed with another. After Monte Irvin popped out to first base, Whitey Lockman hit a double to left-center field, scoring Dark and putting Mueller on third. Upon sliding into third, Mueller sprained his ankle and had to leave the game. As Mueller went to the locker room, Dodger manager Chuck Dressen summoned game 1 starter Ralph Branca in to relieve Newcombe on only one day's rest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 55], "content_span": [56, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068801-0021-0001", "contents": "1951 National League tie-breaker series, Game 3 summary\nBobby Thomson came up to bat, and on Branca's second pitch, Thomson drove the ball to deep left field for a walk-off home run to win the pennant for the Giants. This home run came to be known as the \"Shot Heard 'Round the World\" as the Giants won the National League pennant, advancing to the World Series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 55], "content_span": [56, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068801-0022-0000", "contents": "1951 National League tie-breaker series, Aftermath\nThe following day, sportswriter Red Smith opened his recap of the game for the New York Herald Tribune with the following lead: \"Now it is done. Now the story ends. And there is no way to tell it. The art of fiction is dead. Reality has strangled invention. Only the utterly impossible, the inexpressibly fantastic, can ever be plausible again.\" After winning the pennant, the Giants lost to the Yankees in the World Series four games to two. The Brooklyn Dodgers rebounded to win the National League pennant in 1952, but lost the 1952 World Series to the Yankees four games to three.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 50], "content_span": [51, 635]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068801-0023-0000", "contents": "1951 National League tie-breaker series, Aftermath\nThe three games counted statistically as regular season games. As a result, Hodges and Furillo led the league with 157 games played, which could not have been equaled by anyone but a Brooklyn or New York player. Monte Irvin increased his runs batted in total to 121, leading the NL that year. Larry Jansen's win in the final game gave him 23 wins on the year, tying him for the MLB lead with Maglie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 50], "content_span": [51, 450]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068801-0023-0001", "contents": "1951 National League tie-breaker series, Aftermath\nNewcombe's two strikeouts in game three totalled 164 on the season for him, tying him for the NL lead with Warren Spahn and the MLB lead with Spahn and Vic Raschi. Campanella finished the season with a .325 batting average, 33 doubles, 33 home runs, and 108 runs batted in, and won the Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award at the end of the season. Mays finished the season with a .274 batting average, 22 doubles, and 20 home runs in 121 games, and won the Major League Baseball Rookie of the Year Award.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 50], "content_span": [51, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068801-0024-0000", "contents": "1951 National League tie-breaker series, Aftermath\nIn 2001, Journalist Joshua Prager published that the Giants secretly learned opponents' finger signals, when several players told The Wall Street Journal that beginning on July 20, 1951, the team used a telescope and buzzer wire to steal the finger signals of opposing catchers careless enough to leave their signs unprotected. Giants catcher Sal Yvars told Prager that he relayed to Thomson the stolen sign for Branca's fastball. Thomson always insisted that he had no foreknowledge of Branca's pitch.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 50], "content_span": [51, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068801-0024-0001", "contents": "1951 National League tie-breaker series, Aftermath\nBranca had been aware of the rumors and was skeptical of Thomson's denial, but later told The New York Times in 2001, \"I didn't want to diminish a legendary moment in baseball. And even if Bobby knew what was coming, he had to hit it.... Knowing the pitch doesn't always help.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 50], "content_span": [51, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068801-0025-0000", "contents": "1951 National League tie-breaker series, Quotes\nBobby Thomson... up there swingin'... He's had two out of three, a single and a double, and Billy Cox is playing him right on the third-base line... One out, last of the ninth... Branca pitches... Bobby Thomson takes a strike called on the inside corner... Bobby hitting at .292... He's had a single and a double and he drove in the Giants' first run with a long fly to center... Brooklyn leads it 4-2...Hartung down the line at third not taking any chances... Lockman with not too big of a lead at second, but he'll be runnin' like the wind if Thomson hits one... Branca throws... [audible sound of bat meeting ball]", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 47], "content_span": [48, 665]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068801-0026-0000", "contents": "1951 National League tie-breaker series, Quotes\nThere's a long drive... it's gonna be, I believe...THE GIANTS WIN THE PENNANT!! THE GIANTS WIN THE PENNANT! THE GIANTS WIN THE PENNANT! THE GIANTS WIN THE PENNANT! Bobby Thomson hits into the lower deck of the left-field stands! The Giants win the pennant and they're goin' crazy, they're goin' crazy! HEEEY-OH!!!'' [ ten-second pause for crowd noise]", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 47], "content_span": [48, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068801-0027-0000", "contents": "1951 National League tie-breaker series, Quotes\nI don't believe it! I don't believe it! I do not believe it! Bobby Thomson... hit a line drive... into the lower deck... of the left-field stands... and this blame place is goin' crazy! The Giants! Horace Stoneham has got a winner! The Giants won it... by a score of 5 to 4... and they're pickin' Bobby Thomson up... and carryin' him off the field!", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 47], "content_span": [48, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068802-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Nauruan Local Government Council election\nElections for the Local Government Council were held for the first time in Nauru on 15 December 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068802-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Nauruan Local Government Council election, Background\nSince 1928 Nauru had had a Council of Chiefs whose members were elected for life terms. The Council of Chiefs did not have any powers and served only to advise the Administrator, who did not have to heed their advice. The Council sent a petition to the 1948\u201349 session of the United Nations Trusteeship Council, complaining that \"the Native inhabitants still had no voice in the formulation of general administration policies or in the control of the finances in the island.\" However, the Australian Acting Minister for External Territories Cyril Chambers persuaded the Council to withdraw the petition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 58], "content_span": [59, 662]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068802-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Nauruan Local Government Council election, Background\nIn April 1950 the United Nations Visiting Mission visited Nauru for the first time, and recommended to the Trusteeship Council that the Council of Chiefs should be given more powers, including over legislation and the budget. This was accepted by the Australian administration, who passed the Nauru Local Government Council Ordinance on 20 August 1951, which formed a new Local Government Council with certain powers. The new Council was to be elected for four-year terms.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 58], "content_span": [59, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068802-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Nauruan Local Government Council election, Electoral system\nThe fourteen districts of Nauru were grouped into eight constituencies. Seven constituencies elected one member, whilst one (Denigomodu, Nibok, Uaboe and Baiti) elected two. The elections were held under universal suffrage and any eligible voter could stand as a candidate. Voting was compulsory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 64], "content_span": [65, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068802-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Nauruan Local Government Council election, Results\nA total of 655 votes were cast in the elections, of which 23 were invalid. One member, Appi Deigorongo, was elected unopposed in Boe.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 55], "content_span": [56, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068802-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Nauruan Local Government Council election, Aftermath\nThe newly elected Council met for the first time on 18 December 1951 and elected Timothy Detudamo as Head Chief.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 57], "content_span": [58, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068803-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Navy Midshipmen football team\nThe 1951 Navy Midshipmen football team represented the United States Naval Academy (USNA)  as an independent during the 1951 college football season. The team was led by second-year head coach Eddie Erdelatz.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068804-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\nThe 1951 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team was the representative of the University of Nebraska and member of the Big Seven Conference in the 1951 college football season. The team was coached by Bill Glassford and played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068804-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Before the season\nCoach Glassford's third year at the helm commenced with hopeful expectations after the turnaround season of 1950 that produced Nebraska's first winning record in ten years. The Cornhuskers had finished out the previous season ranked #17 by the AP Poll, following a competitive 35-49 loss to the national champion Oklahoma Sooners, and it looked like the train was finally back on the tracks in Lincoln. Returning for 1951 was the entire coaching staff of the previous season, and the AP shined favorably on Nebraska by introducing the Cornhuskers at #12 to open the 1951 slate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 58], "content_span": [59, 636]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068804-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Coaching staff\nBob Tritsch \u2013 Student Manager 1948\u20131951, Senior Student Manager 1950\u201351", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 55], "content_span": [56, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068804-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, TCU\nThe 1951 Cornhuskers stumbled out of the gate, falling to Texas Christian in Lincoln in the first-ever meeting of these teams. The combination of a new and innovative TCU offensive formation with ill-timed Nebraska turnovers gave the Horned Frogs a relatively easy win. TCU went on the finish the season 6-4-0 and ranked #11 by the AP Poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 60], "content_span": [61, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068804-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Kansas State\nA large contingent of Cornhusker fans traveled to Manhattan for the season's road-opening game, braving the wet weather and with hopes of another easy win over the beleaguered Kansas State team. The Wildcats succeeded in slowing the Nebraska attack following the first touchdown of the day, and managed to tie the game after the half and hold on the finish the game at an even 6-6.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 69], "content_span": [70, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068804-0004-0001", "contents": "1951 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Kansas State\nNebraska returned to Lincoln without an outright win in the series for the first time in the last nine meetings, but the Wildcats were later penalized for using an ineligible player for the game and had to forfeit the resulting tie. The official final recorded score for the game was later revised, to a 1-0 Nebraska victory, moving the Cornhuskers to 29-4-2 against Kansas State to date.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 69], "content_span": [70, 458]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068804-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Penn State\nAfter a lackluster opening to the season, Coach Glassford reorganized his personnel in preparation for the visit by Penn State. The Nittany Lions scored first, but the Cornhuskers made it a battle by firing right back to go up 7-6. Scoring was sparse on the day, but Nebraska was unable to answer a later touchdown by Penn State and fell to 1-3 in the series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 67], "content_span": [68, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068804-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Minnesota\nMinnesota hosted the Cornhuskers in Minneapolis and successfully avenged their rare loss to Nebraska by taking advantage of a series of Cornhusker miscues just prior to the halftime break. Until the shift of momentum, it appeared that Nebraska might be able to make a fight out of the contest, but the Golden Gophers were once again triumphant, advancing their commanding lead in the series to 26-5-2.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 66], "content_span": [67, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068804-0007-0000", "contents": "1951 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Missouri\nFor the second week in a row, second-quarter mistakes proved costly to the Cornhuskers, as a 7-7 tie was broken open with two quick Missouri touchdowns before the half. By falling to the Tigers, who had as yet not won a game themselves, the Cornhusker season now seemed to be spiraling out of control, bringing back visions of the painful 1940s. Nebraska's lead in the series slipped to 25-16-3, and Missouri took back the Victory Bell for the year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 65], "content_span": [66, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068804-0008-0000", "contents": "1951 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Kansas\nHomecoming week brought the Kansas Jayhawks to Lincoln, but more Cornhusker turnovers spelled doom for hopes of the season's first outright victory. Five of Nebraska's six fumbles were lost to Kansas, making little work for the Jayhawks to pick up the win and disappoint the homecoming crowd. Nebraska remained ahead in the series 41-13-3, but remained winless on the field in all six games of the season so far", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 63], "content_span": [64, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068804-0009-0000", "contents": "1951 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Iowa State\nCoach Glassford again implemented changes, installing elements of the spread formation presented by the Texas Christian team in Nebraska's season-opening loss, and successfully managed to snatch the season's first victory against the Cyclones. The turnover battle was also won by the Cornhuskers on the field, as Iowa State gave up six interceptions and failed to take away either of Nebraska's two fumbles on the day. Thus an outright winning streak was kept alive as the Cornhuskers left Ames with six straight decisions over the Cyclones and improved to 36-8-1 in the series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 67], "content_span": [68, 646]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068804-0010-0000", "contents": "1951 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Colorado\nNebraska again attacked using the new spread formation, but found less success than the previous week, and once again the Cornhuskers were set back by miscues in the 2nd quarter. With key injuries taking a toll, Nebraska reverted to the T formation against the Buffaloes but was unable to produce meaningful results and fell before the visiting Colorado squad for the second year in a row, slipping to 6-4 in the series to date.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 65], "content_span": [66, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068804-0011-0000", "contents": "1951 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Oklahoma\nReigning league champion Oklahoma arrived in Lincoln ranked at #12 by the AP Poll, and set to the task of closing Nebraska's home field season with another Cornhusker loss. The Nebraska defense made a fight out of the event for much of the game before collapsing in the 4th quarter. No offensive look managed to get past the Sooners as the Cornhuskers were shut out for the first time of the season, giving up another decision to Oklahoma, yet still holding on to the series lead at 16-12-3. The nine straight losses against the Sooners again extended Nebraska's record losing streak to any single team. Oklahoma finished the season as undefeated Big 7 champions, 8-2-0 overall, and ranked #10.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 65], "content_span": [66, 760]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068804-0012-0000", "contents": "1951 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Miami\nThe Cornhuskers traveled to Miami for the first-ever meeting of these teams, and fan expectation was not high for success. Surprisingly, the Cornhuskers came out swinging and were actually leading the game 7-6 by halftime, avoiding the \"2nd quarter jinx\" that had haunted the squad for much of the season. The second half told a different story as Nebraska's scoring came to a halt and the Hurricanes tacked on two more touchdowns to close out a very disappointing Cornhusker campaign.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 62], "content_span": [63, 548]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068804-0013-0000", "contents": "1951 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, After the season\nThe brief successful fire seen in Nebraska's 1950 8-2 season was just as quickly darkened when the 1951 campaign fell flat. Although the season eventually would be recorded as a dismal 2-8-0 after being revised because of the Kansas State forfeit, this was of no meaningful improvement over the original 1-8-1 end-of-season tally, and was significantly worse than coach Glassford's initial 5-4 record in his first year. One bright spot looking to the future was the return of future NFL draft picks Bobby Reynolds and Ed Hussman, both set to play for one more year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 57], "content_span": [58, 623]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068804-0014-0000", "contents": "1951 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, After the season\nThe disappointing close to 1951 brought coach Glassford's career record down to 9-9-0 (.500) in the Big 7, and dropped his previously winning overall record to 12-15-1 (.446). The Nebraska program endured another hit to its legacy by slipping to 328-163-32 (.658) all time and 129-46-11 (.723) in conference play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 57], "content_span": [58, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068805-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Nemzeti Bajnoks\u00e1g I, Overview\nIt was contested by 14 teams, and Bp B\u00e1stya won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068806-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Nemzeti Bajnoks\u00e1g I (women's handball)\nThe 1951 Nemzeti Bajnoks\u00e1g I was the first ever edition of the top level championship in the Hungarian team handball for women. Four teams contested for the title and Csepeli Vasas SK were declared the inaugural champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068806-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Nemzeti Bajnoks\u00e1g I (women's handball), Results, List of champions\nThe following players have played for Csepel Vasas SK and were crowned as the first ever Hungarian champions:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 71], "content_span": [72, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068807-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Nepalese revolution\nThe revolution of 1951 (Nepali: \u0938\u093e\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0932\u0915\u094b \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924\u093f ) in Nepal, also referred to as Sat Salko Kranti, was a political movement against the direct rule by the Rana dynasty of Nepal which had lasted for 104 years. It marks the beginning of the political awakening and democratic movements in Nepal, and resulted in immediate abolition of the institutionalized hereditary Prime Minister system in Nepal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068807-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Nepalese revolution, Background of Rana regime\nThe rise of the Ranas was heightened by plotting the Kot Massacre by Jang Bahadur Rana and his brothers gained power, thus reduced the power of monarch to a figurehead, and the position of Prime Minister was made powerful and hereditary. The Rana regime pursued a policy of isolating Nepal from external influences. The Ranas further established their power by turning pro-British, and assisted the British during the Sepoy Rebellion in 1857.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 51], "content_span": [52, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068807-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Nepalese revolution, Organization for revolution\nPopular dissatisfaction against of the Ranas started emerging from among educated people and from within the Ranas, many of whom were marginalised within the Rana hierarchy. Many of these Nepalese were in exile and had actively taken part in the Indian Independence struggle and wanted to liberate Nepal as well. The political parties like the Praja Parishad and the Nepali Rastriya Congress were formed in exile by people who wanted to stage both military and popular political revolutions in Nepal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 53], "content_span": [54, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068807-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Nepalese revolution, Uprisings and incidents, Nepal Praja Parishad\nThe founding of the Nepal Praja Parishad was proposed by Dashrath Chand and Tanka Prasad Acharya in a hotel in Bhimphedi, Makwanpur District of Nepal. It was founded in 1936 when they received the support of additional people including Dharma Bhakta Mathema among others. The organization's head office was kept in Dharma Bhakta Mathema's house in OmBahal. Initially, Nepal Praja Parishad distributed hand-written pamphlets among the people and wrote articles against the Rana Dynasty in Nepal in an Indian socialist paper Janata and another paper published in Calcutta named Advance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 71], "content_span": [72, 656]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068807-0003-0001", "contents": "1951 Nepalese revolution, Uprisings and incidents, Nepal Praja Parishad\nLater Tanka Prasad Acharya brought a printing machine from India, and the organization started to distribute pamphlets against the Rana dynasty to enlighten the people against the rule of the Ranas in Nepal. On January 19, 1941, the court of the Ranas gave the death penalty to Shukraraj Shastri (who was not involved in Praja Parishad), Dharma Bhakta Mathema, Ganga Lal Shrestha, and Dashrath Chand, who are now recognized as the martyrs of Nepal. Many others were sentenced to jail and many were exiled. Thus Nepal Praja Parishad was dissolved in January 1941.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 71], "content_span": [72, 634]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068807-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Nepalese revolution, Uprisings and incidents, National congress\nOn January 26, 1947, the Nepali National Congress was formed in India under the leadership of Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala. Since establishment Congress organized underground activities but on March 4, 1947 (Falgun, 2003 B.S.) Workers of Biratnagar Jute mill demonstrated and started striking against the management.\u200b under the leadership of Girija Prasad Koirala and Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala. Nepali National Congress participated in this Biratnagar jute mill strike, supporting the strikers\u200b and demanded a Political labour union. To suppress the strike the Rana regime sent the state troops over the long and difficult mountain trail to Biratnagar. The strike continued until the troops reached Biratnagar and arrested the leaders. Nepali National congress held a delegates' conference at Jogbani, India and resolved to initiate a nationwide 'satyagraha'(civil disobedience movement on the Indian model) and thus countrywide anti-Rana demonstration started.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 68], "content_span": [69, 1029]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068807-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Nepalese revolution, Uprisings and incidents, Jayatu Sanskritam\nIn June 1947, students enrolled in the Tin Dhara school launched the Jayatu Sanskritam movement, demanding democracy and inclusion of modern subjects in the curriculum. It was the first student uprising in Nepal's history, and was led by Parashuram Pokhrel, Purna Prasad Brahman, Sribhadra Sharma Khanal, Ram Prasad Neupane, Kamal Raj Regmi, Rajeshwar Devkota and Gokarna Shastri. Forty-two of the participants were exiled by the Rana rulers, and others were imprisoned. Exiles in India later joined the agitation launched for the establishment of democracy under by B.P. Koirala and other leaders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 68], "content_span": [69, 667]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068807-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 Nepalese revolution, King Tribhuvan's exile\nKing Tribhuvan's anti Rana attitude had been an open secret for a long time in Nepal. King Tribhuvan himself gave explicit support to Nepal Praja Parishad, to try to overthrow the Ranas. In each instance, however, the Ranas responded harshly, banning the liberal movements and executing their leadership. Even then King Tribhuvan worked closely with Praja Parishad in trying to end the Rana regime. Finally, in November 1950, King Tribhuvan took refuge at the Indian Embassy against the Ranas. He was accompanied by his son Mahendra and the eldest grandson Birendra, among others.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 48], "content_span": [49, 629]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068807-0006-0001", "contents": "1951 Nepalese revolution, King Tribhuvan's exile\nPrime Minister Mohan Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana became furious and responded to Tribhuvan's move by calling an emergency meeting of the cabinet on 7 November 1950 at Singha Durbar. In that meeting he announced Gyanendra Bir Bikram Shah, the three-year-old grandson of King Tribhuvan, would be the new King of Nepal. In the afternoon, on the same day, Prince Gyandendra Bir Bikram Shah was brought to Hanuman Dhoka Palace and crowned as the king of Nepal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 48], "content_span": [49, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068807-0006-0002", "contents": "1951 Nepalese revolution, King Tribhuvan's exile\nOn 10 November, two Indian planes landed at Gauchar Airport and flew back to New Delhi with the Royal family excluding the infant King, Gyanendra. King Tribhuvan was formally welcomed by the Indian prime minister Jawahar Lal Nehru and other high officials. Appointment of the new king led to huge demonstrations throughout the country. On November 22, 1950, Jawahar Lal Nehru, the Prime Minister of India, officially announced that India was not going to recognize Gyanendra Bir Bikram Shah as the legitimate King of Nepal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 48], "content_span": [49, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068807-0007-0000", "contents": "1951 Nepalese revolution, Nepali Congress's Liberation Army\nAfter King Tribhuvan fled to the Indian embassy, the Nepali Congress Party launched a military wing called Congress Mukti Sena, also known as Nepali Congress's Liberation Army, and started an armed uprising against the Rana rule . The Congress Mukti Sena controlled significant places in the planes of Terai, but held little power in the political capital, Kathmandu.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 59], "content_span": [60, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068807-0008-0000", "contents": "1951 Nepalese revolution, Delhi Accord\nAfter a mutual agreement between Ranas, Nepali Congress and King Tribhuvan, a tripartite agreement was signed in Delhi. Finally, On February 18, 1951 (7th Falgun 2007 B.S. ), King Tribhuvan returned to Nepal as head of state. The major provisions of the Delhi Accord(Agreement) are as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068807-0009-0000", "contents": "1951 Nepalese revolution, Formation of the Coalition Government\nOn 15 February 1951, King Tribhuvan and the leading members of the Nepali Congress returned to Kathmandu. A huge flock of supporters gathered and welcome the monarch at the airport. On 18 February 1951, King Tribhuvan announced Nepal's first steps to democracy with a historical proclamation and a cabinet headed by Sir Mohan Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana, and split among the Ranas and the Nepali Congress Party. The followings were the members of the Cabinet.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 63], "content_span": [64, 522]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068807-0010-0000", "contents": "1951 Nepalese revolution, Formation of the Coalition Government\nThis cabinet was reshuffled on 10 June 1951 to replace Baber Shamsher by Shangha Shamsher and Bharatmani Sharma by Surya Prasad Upadhyaya", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 63], "content_span": [64, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068807-0011-0000", "contents": "1951 Nepalese revolution, Aftermath\nThe coalition was a mixture of conservative Ranas, who were trying to hold on to as much political power as possible, and radical reformers, who had almost no administrative experience. It was able to enact a new constitution entitled the Interim Government of Nepal Act 1951, drafted with the help of Indian experts and was in many ways inspired by the Constitution of India.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 35], "content_span": [36, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068807-0011-0001", "contents": "1951 Nepalese revolution, Aftermath\nThis interim government was able to set up a separate judicial branch and importantly transfer all executive powers back to the king, including supreme command of the armed forces and power to appoint government officials and manage finances. Later, the entire bloc of Nepali Congress Party ministers resigned in November, which allowed the king to appoint a new government for the first time since the nineteenth century. The king used the opportunity to exclude for good the conservative Rana power bloc. A royal proclamation on November 16, 1951, established a new government led by Matrika Prasad (M.P.) Koirala, the half-brother of B.P. Koirala, who had run the Nepali Congress Party during the revolutionary struggle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 35], "content_span": [36, 759]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068808-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Netherlands Antilles island council elections\nIsland council elections were held in the Netherlands Antilles in 1951. They were the first elections for the Island Council, and followed the establishment of the Island Councils of the Netherlands Antilles through the Islands Regulation of the Netherlands Antilles (ERNA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068808-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Netherlands Antilles island council elections, Aruba\nGeneral elections were held in Aruba in June 1951. Five parties participated; the Aruban People's Party, the Aruban Patriotic Party, the Aruba Independence Party and \u2013 following a split in 1949 \u2013 a Catholic and Protestant branch of the Aruba National Union.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 57], "content_span": [58, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068808-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Netherlands Antilles island council elections, Sint Maarten\nGeneral elections were held in Sint Maarten on 4 June 1951, the island's first elections based on universal suffrage. The result was a victory for the National People's Party, which won four of the five Island Council seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 64], "content_span": [65, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068809-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Neutral Bay state by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Neutral Bay on 2 June 1951 because of the resignation of Ivan Black (Liberal). Black wanted to contest the federal seat of Warringah as the Liberal candidate at the 1951 Australian federal election. He understood that he had to resign from the state parliament at least 14 days prior to the close of nominations, which meant he needed to resign before the Liberal party selected its candidate. He was defeated for pre-selection by Francis Bland, who went on to comfortably win the seat. Black was selected as the Liberal candidate to retain the state seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 673]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068810-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 New Hampshire Wildcats football team\nThe 1951 New Hampshire Wildcats football team was an American football team that represented the University of New Hampshire as a member of the Yankee Conference during the 1951 college football season. In its third year under head coach Chief Boston, the team compiled a perfect 5\u20132\u20131 record (1\u20132\u20131 against conference opponents) and finished fourth out of six teams in the Yankee Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068811-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 New Mexico A&M Aggies football team\nThe 1951 New Mexico A&M Aggies football team was an American football team that represented New Mexico College of Agriculture and Mechanical Arts (now known as New Mexico State University) as a member of the Border Conference during the 1951 college football season. In their first year under head coach Joseph T. Coleman, the Aggies compiled a 1\u20139 record (1\u20134 against conference opponents), finished sixth in the conference, and were outscored by a total of 337 to 115. The team played its home games at Memorial Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068812-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 New Mexico Lobos football team\nThe 1951 New Mexico Lobos football team represented the University of New Mexico in the Skyline Conference during the 1951 college football season. In their second season under head coach Dudley DeGroot, the Lobos compiled a 4\u20137 record (2\u20134 against Skyline opponents), tied for sixth in the conference, and were outscored by opponents by a total of 262 to 213.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068813-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 New Year Honours\nThe 1951 New Years Honours were appointments in many of the Commonwealth realms of King George VI to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries. They were announced on 1 January 1951 for the British Empire, Australia, New Zealand, Ceylon, and Pakistan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068813-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 New Year Honours\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc) as appropriate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068814-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 New Year Honours (New Zealand)\nThe 1951 New Year Honours in New Zealand were appointments by King George VI on the advice of the New Zealand government to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders. The awards celebrated the passing of 1950 and the beginning of 1951, and were announced on 1 January 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068814-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 New Year Honours (New Zealand)\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068815-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 New York Film Critics Circle Awards\nThe 17th New York Film Critics Circle Awards, honored the best filmmaking of 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068816-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 New York Giants (MLB) season\nThe 1951 New York Giants season was the franchise's 69th season and saw the Giants finish the regular season in a tie for first place in the National League with a record of 96 wins and 58 losses. This prompted a three-game playoff against the Brooklyn Dodgers, which the Giants won in three games, clinched by Bobby Thomson's walk-off home run, a moment immortalized as the Shot Heard 'Round the World. The Giants, however, lost the 1951 World Series to the New York Yankees in six games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068816-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 New York Giants (MLB) season, Offseason, Spring training\nThe Giants had trained in Phoenix since 1947. In 1951, the team swapped spring training sites with the New York Yankees, with the Yankees moving to Phoenix and the Giants training at Al Lang Field in St. Petersburg, Florida. It was a one-year arrangement and the Giants would return to Phoenix in 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 61], "content_span": [62, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068816-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 New York Giants (MLB) season, Regular season\nCenter fielder Willie Mays made his major league debut in a game against the Philadelphia Phillies on May 25. He went on to win the 1951 National League Rookie of the Year Award.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 49], "content_span": [50, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068816-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 New York Giants (MLB) season, Regular season\nOutfielder Monte Irvin led the league in RBI with 121. Five players on the 1951 Giants team went on to become major league managers. Eddie Stanky (1952), Bill Rigney (1956), Alvin Dark (1961), Wes Westrum (1965) and Whitey Lockman (1972).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 49], "content_span": [50, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068816-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 New York Giants (MLB) season, Regular season\nIn June, future NFL Hall of Famer Andy Robustelli was offered a tryout with the New York Giants. The Giants offered Robustelli a $400 contract to play with Class AA Knoxville.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 49], "content_span": [50, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068816-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 New York Giants (MLB) season, Regular season, The comeback\nAfter a slow start, the team went 50\u201312 over their final 62 games to complete one of the biggest comebacks in major league history. Longstanding rumors that the Giants engaged in systematic sign stealing during the second half of the 1951 season were confirmed in 2001. Several players told The Wall Street Journal that beginning on July 20, the team used a telescope, manned by coach Herman Franks in the Giants clubhouse behind center field, to steal the finger signals of those opposing catchers who left their signs unprotected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 63], "content_span": [64, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068816-0005-0001", "contents": "1951 New York Giants (MLB) season, Regular season, The comeback\nStolen signs were relayed to the Giants dugout via a buzzer wire. Joshua Prager, the author of the Journal article, outlined the evidence in greater detail in a 2008 book. He noted that sign stealing, then as now, is not specifically forbidden by MLB rules and, moral issues aside, \"has been a part of baseball since its inception.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 63], "content_span": [64, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068816-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 New York Giants (MLB) season, Regular season, The playoff\nAt the end of the season, they were tied with their arch-rivals, the Dodgers, for first place in the League, prompting a three-game playoff for the pennant. The Giants had home field advantage for the series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 62], "content_span": [63, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068816-0007-0000", "contents": "1951 New York Giants (MLB) season, Regular season, The playoff, Game 1\nThe first game of the series was played at Ebbets Field. Jim Hearn started for the Giants against Ralph Branca for the Dodgers. Monte Irvin and Bobby Thomson homered for the Giants, powering them to a 3\u20131 win. Andy Pafko hit a home run for the only Dodgers run.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 70], "content_span": [71, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068816-0008-0000", "contents": "1951 New York Giants (MLB) season, Regular season, The playoff, Game 2\nThe series moved to the Polo Grounds for game two. Sheldon Jones took the mound for the Giants against the Dodgers' Clem Labine. Jones was pulled in the third inning despite giving up just two runs, one of which was a Jackie Robinson homer. However, the game went downhill from there, as the Dodgers abused relievers George Spencer and Al Corwin for eight more runs, while Labine pitched a six-hit shutout for a 10\u20130 shellacking. Pafko hit his second homer of the series, while Gil Hodges and Rube Walker added home runs of their own.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 70], "content_span": [71, 605]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068816-0009-0000", "contents": "1951 New York Giants (MLB) season, Regular season, The playoff, Game 3\nGame three was also held at the Polo Grounds. Sal \"The Barber\" Maglie was on the mound for New York, while Brooklyn called on Don Newcombe. After Maglie walked two batters in the top of the first, Jackie Robinson singled home the game's first run. The score remained 1\u20130 until the bottom of the seventh. In that inning, Monte Irvin led off with a double for the Giants. He was bunted over to third, and scored on a sacrifice fly by Bobby Thomson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 70], "content_span": [71, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068816-0010-0000", "contents": "1951 New York Giants (MLB) season, Regular season, The playoff, Game 3\nIn the top of the eighth, the Dodgers came roaring back with three runs off Maglie. A pair of singles, a wild pitch, and two more singles made the score 4\u20131 Dodgers. Newcombe sat down the Giants in order in the bottom of the eighth, while Larry Jansen did the same in relief of Maglie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 70], "content_span": [71, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068816-0011-0000", "contents": "1951 New York Giants (MLB) season, Regular season, The playoff, Game 3\nIn the bottom of the ninth, Alvin Dark led off with a single, and Don Mueller followed with another. After Monte Irvin popped out to first base, Whitey Lockman lined a double to left-center field, scoring Dark and putting Mueller on third. Dodger manager Chuck Dressen summoned game 1 starter Ralph Branca in to relieve Newcombe, despite having only had one day's rest. On his second pitch, Bobby Thomson drove a pitch to deep left field for a walk-off home run to clinch the pennant for the Giants. This home run, hit at 3:58\u00a0p.m. EST on October 3, 1951, came to be known as the \"Shot Heard 'Round the World\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 70], "content_span": [71, 681]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068816-0012-0000", "contents": "1951 New York Giants (MLB) season, Regular season, The playoff, Game 3\nThe phrase shot heard 'round the world is from a classic poem by Ralph Waldo Emerson, originally used to refer to the first clash of the American Revolutionary War and since used to apply to other dramatic moments, military and otherwise. In the case of Thomson's home run, it was particularly apt as U.S. servicemen fighting in the Korean War listened to the radio broadcast of the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 70], "content_span": [71, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068816-0013-0000", "contents": "1951 New York Giants (MLB) season, Regular season, The playoff, Game 3\nThomson's homer, and the Giants' victory, are also sometimes known as the Miracle of Coogan's Bluff.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 70], "content_span": [71, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068816-0014-0000", "contents": "1951 New York Giants (MLB) season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 78], "content_span": [79, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068816-0015-0000", "contents": "1951 New York Giants (MLB) season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 71], "content_span": [72, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068816-0016-0000", "contents": "1951 New York Giants (MLB) season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 76], "content_span": [77, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068816-0017-0000", "contents": "1951 New York Giants (MLB) season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068816-0018-0000", "contents": "1951 New York Giants (MLB) season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 74], "content_span": [75, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068816-0019-0000", "contents": "1951 New York Giants (MLB) season, 1951 World Series, Game 1\nOctober 4, 1951, at Yankee Stadium in New York City", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 60], "content_span": [61, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068816-0020-0000", "contents": "1951 New York Giants (MLB) season, 1951 World Series, Game 2\nOctober 5, 1951, at Yankee Stadium in New York City", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 60], "content_span": [61, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068816-0021-0000", "contents": "1951 New York Giants (MLB) season, 1951 World Series, Game 3\nOctober 6, 1951, at the Polo Grounds in, New York City", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 60], "content_span": [61, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068816-0022-0000", "contents": "1951 New York Giants (MLB) season, 1951 World Series, Game 4\nOctober 8, 1951, at the Polo Grounds in, New York City", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 60], "content_span": [61, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068816-0023-0000", "contents": "1951 New York Giants (MLB) season, 1951 World Series, Game 5\nOctober 9, 1951, at the Polo Grounds in New York City", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 60], "content_span": [61, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068816-0024-0000", "contents": "1951 New York Giants (MLB) season, 1951 World Series, Game 6\nOctober 10, 1951, at Yankee Stadium in New York City", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 60], "content_span": [61, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068817-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 New York Giants season\nThe 1951 New York Giants season was the franchise's 27th season in the National Football League. They finished at 9\u20132\u20131, with both losses against the Cleveland Browns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068817-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 New York Giants season\nThe season finale with the neighboring Yanks at Yankee Stadium drew less than 6,700, played on an icy field with a game time temperature of 17\u00a0\u00b0F (\u22128\u00a0\u00b0C). It was the Yanks' final game ever.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068817-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 New York Giants season, Regular season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 54], "content_span": [55, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068818-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 New York Yankees season\nThe 1951 New York Yankees season was the 49th season for the team in New York, and its 51st season overall. The team finished with a record of 98\u201356, winning their 18th pennant, finishing five games ahead of the Cleveland Indians. New York was managed by Casey Stengel. The Yankees played at Yankee Stadium. In the World Series, they defeated the New York Giants in 6 games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068818-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 New York Yankees season\nThis year was noted for a \"changing of the guard\" for the Yankees, as it was Joe DiMaggio's final season and Mickey Mantle's first. The 1951 season also marked the first year of Bob Sheppard's long tenure as Yankee Stadium's public address announcer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068818-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 73], "content_span": [74, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068818-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068818-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068818-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 68], "content_span": [69, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068818-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 69], "content_span": [70, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068818-0007-0000", "contents": "1951 New York Yankees season, 1951 World Series\nAL New York Yankees (4) vs. NL New York Giants (2)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 47], "content_span": [48, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068819-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 New York Yanks season\nThe 1951 New York Yanks season was their second as the Yanks (previously being the New York Bulldogs), and their final season before the franchise was sold and moved to Dallas. The team failed to improve on their previous season's output of 7\u20135, winning only one game. They played eight of their twelve games on the road, including seven of the first eight. The sole victory came at Green Bay in early December. The final game against the neighboring Giants drew less than 6,700, played on an icy field with game time temperature of 17\u00a0\u00b0F (\u22128\u00a0\u00b0C).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 574]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068819-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 New York Yanks season\nThe baseball Yankees had the rights to  Yankee Stadium, so the football Yanks were forced to move their first two home games (weeks 1 and 2) onto the road, which were both night games. The World Series concluded in six games on October 10 and the first home football game came in week five on October 28.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068819-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 New York Yanks season\nAfter the season, the erratic franchise was sold again to a consortium from Dallas, where the players and assets became known as the Texans, using the blue and white color scheme and carrying on the franchise\u2019s legacy of the Dayton Triangles, the final remaining Ohio League founding APFA member.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068819-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 New York Yanks season, Regular season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 53], "content_span": [54, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068820-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election\nThe 1951 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election was held on 17 January to choose the fifth leader of the New Zealand Labour Party. The election was won by Hutt MP and incumbent deputy-leader Walter Nash.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068820-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election, Background\nLabour leader Peter Fraser had led the party since 1940. He led New Zealand through the majority of World War II and retained power in the 1943 and 1946 elections. An ailing Fraser was unable to win the 1949 election and Labour lost power after 14 years in office. Just one year later he died, leading to the position of party leader to become vacant. Deputy Leader of the Opposition Walter Nash had been acting leader since Fraser was taken ill the year earlier and was viewed as an obvious successor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 61], "content_span": [62, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068820-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election, Background\nAs the election of Nash to replace Fraser was viewed as an inevitability, most speculation at the time was concentrated on the deputy leadership and the immanent by-election for Fraser's seat of Brooklyn. Both of these questions revolved around former cabinet minister Arnold Nordmeyer (seen as a viable contender for both positions) but had lost his seat in the 1949 election. As acting leader, Nash brought the election of leader to before the by-election meaning Nordmeyer was unable to contest either position as only elected members of the caucus were eligible to stand. There was also suggestions that the deputy leadership should be left vacant until after the by-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 61], "content_span": [62, 742]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068820-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election, Candidates, Walter Nash\nNash had served as a Member of Parliament since 1929. Most saw Nash, Fraser's deputy, as the most logical, or even inevitable, successor as leader.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 74], "content_span": [75, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068820-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election, Candidates, Jerry Skinner\nJerry Skinner was seen by many as Labour's rising star. However, despite speculation that he may seek leadership, but was dismissed as mere media gossip. Skinner ruled himself out in favour of Nash, which was then seconded by Angus McLagan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 76], "content_span": [77, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068820-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election, Candidates, Arnold Nordmeyer\nArnold Nordmeyer was also seen as a contender for future leadership, but lost his seat in Parliament in 1949. When Fraser died in December 1950 Nordmeyer was selected to stand for Labour in the by-election for Fraser's seat. The date set by caucus for the leadership election was scheduled before Nordmeyer could re-enter Parliament. The haste taken was an indication that Nordmeyer was considered a threat to Nash and his supporters. According to Warren Freer Nash as acting leader brought the selection forward to 17 January, causing quite an argument in caucus, although caucus eventually voted by a majority of two to proceed with the early vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 79], "content_span": [80, 730]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068820-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election, Result\nAs Nash was the only officially nominated candidate, he was elected unopposed as leader. Jerry Skinner was then elected as Nash's Deputy-leader. The vote for the deputy position was Skinner twenty-two, Terry McCombs seven and Fred Hackett two. Both Angus McLagan and Mick Moohan were likewise nominated to stand for the deputy leadership, but both declined to do so.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 57], "content_span": [58, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068820-0007-0000", "contents": "1951 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election, Aftermath\nNash would remain the Labour Party's leader until his retirement in early 1963. He led them to successive election losses in 1951 and 1954, though led them successfully in 1957. Upon Nash's election acting-Prime Minister Keith Holyoake congratulated him on winning the leadership. Nash's first act as leader was to attend a morning tea function honouring Sir John Anderson, the chairman of the Port of London Authority, who also congratulated Nash.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 60], "content_span": [61, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068821-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 New Zealand general election\nThe 1951 New Zealand general election was a nationwide vote to determine the shape of the New Zealand Parliament's 30th term. The First National Government was re-elected, with the National Party increasing its parliamentary majority over the opposition Labour Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068821-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 New Zealand general election, Background\nThe National Party had formed its first administration after the 1949 elections, in which it had ended four terms of government by the Labour Party. The National government, with Sidney Holland as Prime Minister, had undertaken a number of economic and constitutional reforms, although it had not seriously modified the new social welfare system which Labour had introduced. Labour's leader, Peter Fraser, had died in December 1950 after a long period of poor health, and had been replaced in January 1951 by Walter Nash. Nash had been Minister of Finance for the duration of the first Labour government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 650]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068821-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 New Zealand general election, Background\nThe most significant issue in the 1951 elections was the growing industrial unrest of the time, particularly the ongoing dockworkers dispute. Holland condemned the strikers, calling the situation \"industrial anarchy\". The Labour Party, under Nash, attempted to take a moderate position in the dispute, but ended up displeasing both sides. Holland, seeking a mandate to respond strongly to the strike, called a snap election. Another issue was high inflation, which frustrated voters and without the distraction of the strike, might have threatened Holland's government at the scheduled election for 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 650]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068821-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 New Zealand general election, The election\nThe date for the main 1951 elections was 1 September, and for the first time, elections to the four Maori seats were held on the same day. The 1951 elections were also the first under the new regulations which required elections to be held on a Saturday. 1,205,762 people were registered to vote, and turnout was 89.1%. The number of seats being contested was 80, a number which had been fixed since 1902.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 47], "content_span": [48, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068821-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 New Zealand general election, Results, Party standings\nThe 1951 election saw the governing National Party re-elected with a twenty-seat margin, a substantial improvement on the twelve-seat margin it previously held. National won fifty seats compared with the Labour Party's thirty. The popular vote was closer, however, with National winning 54% to Labour's 46%. No seats were won by minor party candidates or by independents. No party then captured a majority of the vote until the 2020 election, when Labour won 50.01%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 59], "content_span": [60, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068822-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 New Zealand rugby league season\nThe 1951 New Zealand rugby league season was the 44th season of rugby league that had been played in New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068822-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 New Zealand rugby league season, International competitions\nNew Zealand defeated France 16-15 in a \"brutal match\" at Carlaw Park. A \"sensation\" occurred after half time when referee Jim Grittin ordered French forward Martin Martin off the field for throwing mud at him. Martin had objected to a penalty being awarded against the French. Des White kicked the winning penalty goal after the full-time siren had sounded. The New Zealand side for the match was; Des White, Bevin Hough, Tommy Baxter, Maurie Robertson, Jack Forrest, George Menzies, captain Jimmy Haig, Ken English, George Davidson, Cliff Johnson, Doug Richards-Jolley, Charlie McBride and Travers Hardwick.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 64], "content_span": [65, 673]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068822-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 New Zealand rugby league season, International competitions\nThe Kiwis then toured Great Britain and France at the end of the season, recording a victory over Wales but losing 0-3 against Great Britain and 0-2 in France. New Zealand also lost a match against the British Empire 26-2 on 23 January 1952 that was designated a Test Match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 64], "content_span": [65, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068822-0002-0001", "contents": "1951 New Zealand rugby league season, International competitions\nNew Zealand were coached by Thomas McClymont and included; Des White, Cyril Eastlake, Tommy Baxter, captain Maurie Robertson, Bevin Hough, George Menzies, Jimmy Haig, Cliff Johnson, George Davidson, Bill McLennan, Charlie McBride, Frank Mulcare, Alister Atkinson, Bruce Robertson, Jack Forrest, Des Barchard, Jimmy Edwards, Doug Richards-Jolley, Lory Blanchard, Andy Berryman and Bill Sorensen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 64], "content_span": [65, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068822-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 New Zealand rugby league season, International competitions\nWhile in the country, France defeated Canterbury 13-7 in front of 13,000 at the Show Grounds. Two days after the one-off Test match France returned to Carlaw Park to play Auckland. France won 15-10 in front of 30,000 spectators. Auckland included Des White, Jimmy Edwards, Tommy Baxter, Cyril Eastlake, Bevin Hough, Bruce Robertson, captain Des Barchard, Cliff Johnson, George Davidson, Graham Burgoyne, Doug Richards-Jolley, Clarence Hurndell and Allan Wiles. France also defeated the West Coast, Wellington, South Auckland and Taranaki.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 64], "content_span": [65, 603]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068822-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 New Zealand rugby league season, National competitions, Northern Union Cup\nAuckland again held the Northern Union Cup at the end of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 79], "content_span": [80, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068822-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 New Zealand rugby league season, National competitions, Inter-district competition\nCanterbury included Alister Atkinson, captain Jimmy Haig, Lory Blanchard, John Bond, Cyril Paskell and Joe Curtain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 87], "content_span": [88, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068822-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 New Zealand rugby league season, Club competitions, Auckland\nRichmond and Mt Albert shared the Auckland Rugby League's Fox Memorial Trophy and Rukutai Shield. Pt Chevalier won the Roope Rooster, Stormont Shield and Sharman Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 65], "content_span": [66, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068822-0007-0000", "contents": "1951 New Zealand rugby league season, Club competitions, Canterbury\nThe Show Grounds were offered to the Canterbury Rugby League by the council on a five-year lease, starting a long term relationship with the ground that continues to this day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 67], "content_span": [68, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068822-0008-0000", "contents": "1951 New Zealand rugby league season, Club competitions, Other Competitions\nGreymouth Marist defeated Linwood 24-9 to win the Thacker Shield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 75], "content_span": [76, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068823-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 New Zealand rugby union tour of Australia\nThe 1951 New Zealand tour rugby to Australia was the 18th tour by the New Zealand national rugby union team to Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068823-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 New Zealand rugby union tour of Australia\nThe last tour of \"All Blacks\" in Australia was the 1947 tour, then in 1949 were the Australians to visit New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068823-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 New Zealand rugby union tour of Australia\nAll Blacks won all the three test matches and won the Bledisloe Cup, lost in 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068824-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 New Zealand waterfront dispute\nThe 1951 New Zealand waterfront dispute was the largest and most widespread industrial dispute in New Zealand history. During the time, up to twenty thousand workers went on strike in support of waterfront workers protesting against financial hardships and poor working conditions. Thousands more refused to handle \"scab\" goods. The dispute was sometimes referred to as the waterfront lockout or waterfront strike. It lasted 151 days, from 13 February to 15 July 1951. During the strike, the Watersiders' Union was deregistered and its funds and records were seized, and 26 local watersiders' unions were set up in its place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 661]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068824-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 New Zealand waterfront dispute\nThe lockout has been described as \"a key element in the mythologies of the industrial left in this country\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068824-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 New Zealand waterfront dispute, Background\nThe distance of New Zealand and Australia from their traditional markets, meant that ports played a pivotal role in the economies of the countries. The waterfront inevitably became a point of conflict between workers and their unions on one side, and the employers and the state on the other.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068824-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 New Zealand waterfront dispute, Background\nDuring the Second World War due to labour shortages, watersiders and other workers worked long hours, often as much as 15-hour days. Following the war, on the wharves working hours continued to be high. In April 1950 the Waterside Workers' Union lead a walk out of the Federation of Labour (FOL) and set up their own Trade Union Congress, unwittingly isolating themselves from the general union movement. Shortly afterwards severe stoppages on the wharves occurred, infuriating most of the general population.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068824-0003-0001", "contents": "1951 New Zealand waterfront dispute, Background\nThe government threatened to declare a state of emergency before Labour Party leader Peter Fraser intervened and opened the way to a settlement. In January 1951 the Arbitration Court awarded a 15% wage increase to all workers covered by the industrial arbitration system. This did not apply to waterside workers, whose employment was controlled by the Waterfront Industry Commission. The shipping companies that employed the watersiders instead offered 9%. The watersiders then refused to work overtime in protest, and the employers placed the men on a two-day penalty. The men said it was a lock-out, the employers said it was a strike. When the Waterside Workers' Union refused to accept arbitration the government could make a stand on the principle of defending industrial law and order.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 839]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068824-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 New Zealand waterfront dispute, The lockout\nThe lockout was a major political issue of the time. The National government, led by Sidney Holland and the Minister of Labour Bill Sullivan, introduced heavy handed emergency regulations, and brought in the navy and army to work the wharves and also deregistered the Waterside Workers' Union under the Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Act. Under the emergency regulations Holland's government censored the press, made striking illegal and even made it illegal to give money or food to either strikers or their families. The proclamations have been described as \"the most illiberal legislation ever enacted in New Zealand\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 48], "content_span": [49, 679]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068824-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 New Zealand waterfront dispute, The lockout\nIn a surprise move, the FOL, which was supported by the majority of unions, backed the government. FOL President Fintan Patrick Walsh was of the opinion that the manner of the strike threatened the existing arbitration system necessitating their defeat. The watersiders held out for 22 weeks, supported by many other unions and sympathy strikers, but ultimately conceded defeat. The miners and seamen who held sympathy strikes were likewise beaten.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 48], "content_span": [49, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068824-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 New Zealand waterfront dispute, The lockout\nAs a result, the Waterside Workers' Union was split up into twenty-six separate \"port unions\" to deliberately diminish its influence. Many watersiders and other unionists involved were blacklisted (e.g. Jock Barnes and Toby Hill) and prevented from working on the wharves for years afterwards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 48], "content_span": [49, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068824-0007-0000", "contents": "1951 New Zealand waterfront dispute, Outcomes\nHolland condemned the action as \"industrial anarchy\", and explicitly sought a mandate to deal with the lockout by calling a snap election. The opposition Labour Party, now led by Walter Nash, attempted to take a moderate position in the dispute, with Nash saying that \"we are not for the waterside workers, and we are not against them\". Labour's neutral position merely ended up displeasing both sides, however, and Nash was widely accused of indecision and lack of courage. The government was re-elected with an increased majority in the ensuing 1951 election. Holland was seen as opportunistically using the strike to distract voters from the other issue of rapidly rising inflation which could have made the scheduled election in 1952 harder for him to win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 806]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068824-0008-0000", "contents": "1951 New Zealand waterfront dispute, Outcomes\nMilitant unionism in New Zealand was crushed and the union movement remained fractured for years between the FOL and the defeated militants. The Labour Party was likewise split between the ardent anti-Communists, led by Bob Semple and Angus McLagan, and the moderates, such as Walter Nash and Arnold Nordmeyer. There was a concurrent tension between the FOL and the Labour Party for many years following the strike.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068824-0009-0000", "contents": "1951 New Zealand waterfront dispute, Outcomes\nMuch later it emerged that the families of both Keith Locke and Mark Blumsky were under surveillance by the Police Special Branch (now the New Zealand Security Intelligence Service).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068825-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Newfoundland general election\nThe 1951 Newfoundland general election was held on 26 November 1951 to elect members of the 30th General Assembly of Newfoundland. It was won by the Liberal party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068825-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Newfoundland general election, Results\n*Peter Cashin was the Independent elected in 1949. He joined the Progressive Conservatives in 1951 and led them during the subsequent election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 43], "content_span": [44, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068826-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Nippon Professional Baseball season\nThe 1951 Nippon Professional Baseball season was the second season of operation of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068827-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 North Carolina A&T Aggies football team\nThe 1951 North Carolina A&T Aggies football team was an American football team that represented the North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University as a member of the Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association (CIAA) during the 1951 college football season. In their sixth season under head coach William M. Bell, the Aggies compiled a 7\u20131\u20131 record (5\u20131 in conference play) and outscored opponents by a total of 189 to 58. The team was also selected by the \"Pigskin Huddle\" published by the Associated Negro Press as the black college national champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 611]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068828-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 North Carolina Tar Heels football team\nThe 1951 North Carolina Tar Heels football team represented the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill during the 1951 college football season. The Tar Heels were led by ninth-year head coach Carl Snavely, and played their home games at Kenan Memorial Stadium. The team competed as a member of the Southern Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068829-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 North Dakota Fighting Sioux football team\nThe 1951 North Dakota Fighting Sioux football team, also known as the Nodaks, was an American football team that represented the University of North Dakota in the North Central Conference (NCC) during the 1951 college football season. In its second year under head coach Frank Zazula, the team compiled a 2\u20134 record (2\u20132 against NCC opponents), finished in fourth place out of seven teams in the NCC, and was outscored by a total of 162 to 105. The team played its home games at Memorial Stadium in Grand Forks, North Dakota.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068830-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 North Dakota State Bison football team\nThe 1951 North Dakota State Bison football team was an American football team that represented North Dakota State University during the 1951 college football season as a member of the North Central Conference. In their second year under head coach Mac Wenskunas, the team compiled a 1\u20135\u20131 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068831-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 North Indian Ocean cyclone season\nThe 1951 North Indian Ocean cyclone season was part of the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation. The season has no official bounds but cyclones tend to form between April and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northern Indian Ocean. There are two main seas in the North Indian Ocean\u2014the Bay of Bengal to the east of the Indian subcontinent and the Arabian Sea to the west of India.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068831-0000-0001", "contents": "1951 North Indian Ocean cyclone season\nThe official Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre in this basin is the India Meteorological Department (IMD), while the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) releases unofficial advisories. An average of five tropical cyclones form in the North Indian Ocean every season with peaks in May and November. Cyclones occurring between the meridians 45\u00b0E and 100\u00b0E are included in the season by the IMD.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068831-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 North Indian Ocean cyclone season\nLike in the previous season, most of the storms formed in the season are weak, as four of the fifteen tropical depressions formed intensified to become tropical cyclones. However, unlike the previous season, two severe cyclonic storms formed during the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068832-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Northeast Louisiana State Indians football team\nThe 1951 Northeast Louisiana State Indians football team was an American football team that represented Northeast Louisiana State College (now known as the University of Louisiana at Monroe) as an independent during the 1951 college football season. In their seventeenth year under head coach James L. Malone, the team compiled a 6\u20132 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068833-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Northeastern Huskies football team\nThe 1951 Northeastern Huskies football team represented Northeastern University during the 1951 college football season. It was the program's 16th season and they finished with an undefeated record of 6\u20130\u20131. Their head coach was Joe Zabilski and their captain was Sal Lombardo.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068834-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Northern Illinois State Huskies football team\nThe 1951 Northern Illinois State Huskies football team represented Northern Illinois State Teachers College during the 1951 college football season. There were no divisions of college football during this time period and the Huskies competed in the Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference. They were led by 23rd-year head coach Chick Evans and played their home games at the 5,500 seat Glidden Field, located on the east end of campus.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 493]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068835-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Northwest Territories general election\nThe 1951 Northwest Territories general election was held on September 17, 1951  in the Northwest Territories, Canada. It was the territory's first general election since 1902. The election came about after The Northwest Territories Act was amended to permit three elected members from the Mackenzie District to join the five appointed members on the Executive Council of the Northwest Territories. The Council, which had met in Ottawa, Ontario, outside of the Northwest Territories, shortly after the election, the council began to alternate sittings between Ottawa and Northwest Territories communities.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 648]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068835-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Northwest Territories general election, Background\nThe bill to re initiate territorial elections in the Northwest Territories was introduced in the Canadian House of Commons by Federal Resources Minister Robert Henry Winters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 55], "content_span": [56, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068835-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Northwest Territories general election, Aboriginal vote\nThe 1951 election was the first in the territory to allow aboriginal peoples to vote and stand for election. However the electoral districts created for the election included only the west portion of the territories thus disenfranchising the prominently aboriginal eastern portion of the territory. When the nominations closed on August 20, 1951 no aboriginals stood for office.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 60], "content_span": [61, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068835-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Northwest Territories general election, Female suffrage\nUnlike the small elections in the Territories prior to the first general election in 1888, this was considered a general election, since it was based on the dissolution of the previous legislature. It was the smallest general election in Northwest Territories history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 60], "content_span": [61, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068835-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Northwest Territories general election, Female suffrage\nThis was the first election in the Northwest Territories in which women had the right to vote. Female suffrage was permitted under the Northwest Territories Elections Ordinance of 1951, this was the last jurisdiction in Canada to grant voting rights to women. The first woman candidate in the territory's history also ran in this election: Vivian Roberts from Aklavik.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 60], "content_span": [61, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068835-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Northwest Territories general election, Female suffrage\nThe writ for the election was dropped on July 3, 1951 and the nominations closed on August 20, 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 60], "content_span": [61, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068836-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Northwestern Wildcats football team\nThe 1951 Northwestern Wildcats team represented Northwestern University during the 1951 Big Ten Conference football season. In their fifth year under head coach Bob Voigts, the Wildcats compiled a 5\u20134 record (2\u20134 in Big Ten, sixth), and were outscored 124 to 112.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068836-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Northwestern Wildcats football team\nAgainst Navy on October 20, Charlie Hren rushed for 218 yards to set a school record. It stood for eighteen years, until Mike Adamle shattered it with 316 yards against Wisconsin in 1969.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068837-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Norwegian Football Cup\nThe 1951 Norwegian Football Cup was the 46th season of the Norwegian annual knockout football tournament. The tournament was open for all members of NFF, except those from Northern Norway. The final was played at Ullevaal Stadion in Oslo on 21 October 1951, and was contested by five-time former winners Sarpsborg and Asker, who made their first appearance in the cup final. Sarpsborg won the final 3-2, after extra time, and secured their sixth title. Fredrikstad were the defending champions, but were eliminated by V\u00e5lerengen in the quarter-final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068839-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team\nThe 1951 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team represented the University of Notre Dame during the 1951 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068839-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team, Team players drafted into the NFL\nThe following players were drafted into professional football following the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 79], "content_span": [80, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068840-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Ohio Bobcats football team\nThe 1951 Ohio Bobcats football team was an American football team that represented Ohio University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1951 college football season. In their third season under head coach Carroll Widdoes, the Bobcats compiled a 5\u20134\u20131 record (2\u20132 against MAC opponents), finished in fourth place in the MAC, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 167 to 141.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068840-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Ohio Bobcats football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Ed Roberts with 564 rushing yards, Larry Lawrence with 407 passing yards, and Gene Nuxhall with 236 receiving yards. Offensive tackle Al Scheide was named to the Little All-America Team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068841-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Ohio State Buckeyes baseball team\nThe 1951 Ohio State Buckeyes baseball team represented the Ohio State University in the 1951 NCAA baseball season. The head coach was Marty Karow, serving his 1st year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068841-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Ohio State Buckeyes baseball team\nThe Buckeyes lost in the College World Series, defeated by the Texas A&M Aggies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068842-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Ohio State Buckeyes football team\nThe 1951 Ohio State Buckeyes football team represented the Ohio State University in the 1951 Big Ten Conference football season. The Buckeyes compiled a 4\u20133\u20132 record in their first season with Woody Hayes as head coach. The Buckeyes outscored their opponents, 109\u2013104, but fell to Michigan, 7\u20130, in the season finale.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068842-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Ohio State Buckeyes football team, Game summaries, SMU\nThe only score in Woody Hayes' debut as Ohio State's head coach came in the second quarter on a 21-yard scoring pass.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 59], "content_span": [60, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068842-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Ohio State Buckeyes football team, Game summaries, Iowa\nTony Curcillo threw four touchdown passes and ran for two more to give Woody Hayes his first conference victory. Curcillo finished 10 of 14 for 292 yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 60], "content_span": [61, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068843-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Oklahoma A&M Cowboys football team\nThe 1951 Oklahoma A&M Cowboys football team represented Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechanical College (later renamed Oklahoma State University\u2013Stillwater) in the Missouri Valley Conference during the 1951 college football season. In their second season under head coach Whitworth, the Cowboys compiled a 3\u20137 record (3\u20132 against conference opponents), finished in third place in the conference, and were outscored by opponents by a combined total of 251 to 168.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068843-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Oklahoma A&M Cowboys football team\nOn offense, the 1951 team averaged 16.8 points, 171.0 rushing yards, and 159.7 passing yards per game. On defense, the team allowed an average of 25.1 points, 213.8 rushing yards and 131.4 passing yards per game. The team's statistical leaders included Ron Bennett with 385 rushing yards, Don Babers with 1,352 passing yards, George Wooden with 502 receiving yards, Roy Seeman with 48 points scored, and Bill Bredde with six interceptions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068843-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Oklahoma A&M Cowboys football team\nThe team played its home games at Lewis Field in Stillwater, Oklahoma.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068843-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Oklahoma A&M Cowboys football team, After the season\nThe 1952 NFL Draft was held on January 17, 1952. The following Cowboys were selected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 57], "content_span": [58, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068844-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Oklahoma Sooners baseball team\nThe 1951 Oklahoma Sooners baseball team represented the University of Oklahoma in the 1951 NCAA baseball season. The team was coached by Jack Baer in his 7th season at Oklahoma.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068844-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Oklahoma Sooners baseball team\nThe Sooners won the College World Series, defeating the Tennessee Volunteers in the championship game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068845-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Oklahoma Sooners football team\nThe 1951 Oklahoma Sooners football team represented the University of Oklahoma during the 1951 college football season. They played their home games at Oklahoma Memorial Stadium and competed as members of the Big Seven Conference. They were coached by head coach Bud Wilkinson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068845-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Oklahoma Sooners football team, Postseason, NFL draft\nThe following players were drafted into the National Football League following the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 58], "content_span": [59, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068846-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Ole Miss Rebels football team\nThe 1951 Ole Miss Rebels football team represented the University of Mississippi during the 1951 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068847-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Omloop Het Volk\nThe 1951 Omloop Het Volk was the seventh edition of the Omloop Het Volk cycle race and was held on 11 March 1951. The race started and finished in Ghent. The race was won by Jean Bogaerts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068848-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Ontario general election\nThe 1951 Ontario general election was held on November 22, 1951, to elect the 90 members of the 24th Legislative Assembly of Ontario (Members of Provincial Parliament, or \"MPPs\") of the Province of Ontario.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068848-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Ontario general election\nThe Ontario Progressive Conservative Party, led by Leslie Frost, won a fourth consecutive term in office, increasing its caucus in the legislature from 53 in the previous election to 79\u2014a solid majority.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068848-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Ontario general election\nThe Ontario Liberal Party, led by Walter Thomson, lost six seats, but regained the role of official opposition because of the collapse of the CCF vote. Albert Wren was elected as a Liberal-Labour candidate and sat with the Liberal caucus.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068848-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Ontario general election\nThe social democratic Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF), led by Ted Jolliffe, lost all but two of its previous 21 seats with Jolliffe himself being defeated in the riding of York South.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068848-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Ontario general election\nOne seat was won by J.B. Salsberg of the Labor-Progressive Party (which was the Communist Party of Ontario). LPP leader A.A. MacLeod lost his downtown Toronto seat of Bellwoods in this election and three other LPP candidates were also defeated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068849-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Open Championship\nThe 1951 Open Championship was the 80th Open Championship, held 4\u20136 July at Royal Portrush Golf Club in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. Until 2019, it was the only time the championship was played outside England or Scotland. In it, Max Faulkner won his only major title, two strokes ahead of the runner-up, Antonio Cerd\u00e1, in the rain. Two-time defending champion Bobby Locke finished eight strokes back, in a tie for sixth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068849-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Open Championship\nThe maximum number of players making the cut after 36 holes was increased from 40 to 50, and ties for 50th place did not make the cut. With potentially an extra 10 players making the cut and getting \u00a320 prize money the total purse increased from \u00a31,500 to \u00a31,700. The other prizes remained unchanged, with \u00a3300 for the winner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068849-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Open Championship\nOnly 148 players entered, the lowest since 1904. Qualifying took place on 2\u20133 July, Monday and Tuesday, with 18 holes on the Championship course at Portrush and 18 holes at Portstewart Golf Club. The number of qualifiers was limited to a maximum of 100, and ties for 100th place did not qualify. Cerd\u00e1 led at 138 with Tom Haliburton, Bobby Locke, and Norman Von Nida a stroke behind. The qualifying score was 155 and 98 advanced. Peter Alliss qualified comfortably, following up a first round 76 at Portstewart with an impressive 69 at Portrush.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068849-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Open Championship\nJimmy Adams and Von Nida shared the lead after the first round on Wednesday with 68, the only sub-70 rounds in the championship. In the second round on Thursday, Faulkner shot 70 to take a two-stroke lead over Norman Sutton, with Fred Daly, and Harry Weetman a further shot behind. After his 69 in qualifying, Alliss scored 79 and 80 and missed the cut.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068849-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Open Championship\nIn the third round on Friday morning, Faulkner posted another 70 and stretched the 54-hole lead to six over Sutton and Cerd\u00e1. In the final round that afternoon, Faulkner finished 5-5-4-5 for 74 and 285. Cerd\u00e1 was the only player still on the course with a chance to tie. Going out in 34, he reached the 16th needing to play the last three holes in twelve shots. His challenge ended when his drive ended up against some steps straddling a barbed wire fence and he took six. He finished on 287, two shots behind Faulkner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068849-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Open Championship\nFaulkner was the last Englishman to win the Open for 18 years, until Tony Jacklin in 1969. Frank Stranahan tied for twelfth and was the low amateur for the third straight year, one of two Americans to make the cut. Two Australians made their Open Championship debuts: future five-time champion Peter Thomson, age 21, finished in sixth place, while 1960 champion Kel Nagle was 19th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068849-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 Open Championship\nThe PGA Championship at Oakmont near Pittsburgh concluded on Tuesday, 3 July. This was the second day of the Open Championship qualification, making it impossible to play in the final two majors and resulted in very few Americans in the field. Sam Snead, the Open champion in 1946, won the final match at Oakmont for his third title in that championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068850-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Orange Bowl\nThe 1951 Orange Bowl was a college football postseason bowl game between the Miami Hurricanes and the Clemson Tigers played on January 1, 1951. Played in Miami at Burdine Stadium, it was the 17th edition of the annual Orange Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068850-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Orange Bowl, Background\nAlthough they finished second in the Southern Conference, the Clemson Tigers were undefeated\u2014they had won eight games, and tied South Carolina\u2014en route to their first Orange Bowl appearance. Similarly, the Miami Hurricanes were undefeated, with nine wins and a tie (against Louisville), and were playing in their third Orange Bowl, having lost the 1935 edition and having won the 1946 edition. The teams had only met once before, a 7\u20136 win by Miami in 1945.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 28], "content_span": [29, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068850-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Orange Bowl, Game summary\nFred Cone gave Clemson a 7\u20130 lead on his one-yard touchdown run that culminated a 76-yard drive, which proved to be the halftime lead as the Hurricanes mustered just one first down in the first half. Six plays after Clemson received the opening kickoff in the second half, Glenn Smith caught a pass from Billy Hair for a touchdown. However, the extra point attempt was wide, making it a 13\u20130 lead for Clemson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 30], "content_span": [31, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068850-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Orange Bowl, Game summary\nMiami retaliated with a touchdown run by Harry Mallios that had been set up by a Smith run of 45 yards. Minutes later, Jim Dooley intercepted a pass from Hair, which Miami took advantage of by scoring on a 95-yard touchdown drive to lead, 14\u201313.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 30], "content_span": [31, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068850-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Orange Bowl, Game summary\nWith six minutes to go in the game, Mallios returned a punt that seemed to be a 79-yard touchdown run to put the game out of reach. However, a clipping penalty was called on Miami, putting them back at their own five-yard-line. Two additional gains by Miami were also nullified by penalties. On a play from the four-yard-line, Miami halfback Frank Smith was tackled by Clemson lineman Sterling Smith behind the goal line for a safety, giving Clemson a 15\u201314 lead and ultimately the win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 30], "content_span": [31, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068850-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Orange Bowl, Aftermath\nThough Miami made five bowl games in the next 16 years, they did not reach an Orange Bowl again until 1984. Clemson played in the Orange Bowl six years later, in 1957, though they did not win one until 1982.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 27], "content_span": [28, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068851-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Oregon State Beavers football team\nThe 1951 Oregon State Beavers football team represented Oregon State College in the 1951 NCAA college football season. The Beavers ended this season with four wins and six losses. The Beavers scored 204 points and allowed 180 points. The team was led by head coach Kip Taylor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068852-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Oregon Webfoots football team\nThe 1951 Oregon Webfoots football team represented the University of Oregon in the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) during the 1951 college football season. In their first season under head coach Len Casanova, the Webfoots compiled a 2\u20138 record (1\u20136 against PCC opponents), finished in eighth place in the PCC, and were outscored by their opponents, 317 to 130. The team played its home games at Hayward Field in Eugene, Oregon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068853-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Ormskirk by-election\nThe Ormskirk by-election of 5 April 1951 was held after the appointment of Conservative MP Ronald Cross as Governor of Tasmania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068853-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Ormskirk by-election\nThe seat was safe, having been won at the 1950 United Kingdom general election by over 14,000 votes", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068854-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Orsz\u00e1gos Bajnoks\u00e1g I (men's water polo)\n1951 Orsz\u00e1gos Bajnoks\u00e1g I (men's water polo) was the 45th water polo championship in Hungary. There were ten teams who played two-round match for the title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068854-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Orsz\u00e1gos Bajnoks\u00e1g I (men's water polo), Final list\n* M: Matches W: Win D: Drawn L: Lost G+: Goals earned G-: Goals got P: Point", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 56], "content_span": [57, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068854-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Orsz\u00e1gos Bajnoks\u00e1g I (men's water polo), 2. Class\nQualification-Relegation play-offs: 1. Bp. V\u00f6r\u00f6s Meteor 9, 2. Tatab\u00e1nyai B\u00e1ny\u00e1sz 8, 3. Vasas Csepel Aut\u00f3 6, 4. Szegedi Pet\u0151fi 5, 5. Tolnai V\u00f6r\u00f6s Lobog\u00f3 2, 6. Miskolci B\u00e1stya 0 point.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068854-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Orsz\u00e1gos Bajnoks\u00e1g I (men's water polo), 2. Class\nBudapest: 1. Bp. V\u00f6r\u00f6s Meteor 23, 2. Vasas M\u00c1VAG 13, 3. El\u0151re M\u00c1VAUT 12, 4. Bp. V\u00f6r\u00f6s Lobog\u00f3 11 (2), 5. Szikra Tipogr\u00e1fia 8 (2), 6. Bp. Halad\u00e1s 8 (2), 7. Gy\u00e1r\u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9s 1 point (2). In parentheses number of matches is missed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068855-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Ottawa Rough Riders season\nThe 1951 Ottawa Rough Riders finished in 1st place in the Interprovincial Rugby Football Union with a 7\u20135 record and won the Grey Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068856-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 PGA Championship\nThe 1951 PGA Championship was the 33rd PGA Championship, held June 27 to July 3 at Oakmont Country Club in Oakmont, Pennsylvania, a suburb northeast of Pittsburgh. Sam Snead won the match play championship, 7 & 6 over Walter Burkemo in the Tuesday final; the winner's share was $3,500 and the runner-up's was $1,500.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068856-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 PGA Championship\nIt marked the first time the PGA Championship returned to a venue; Oakmont had hosted in 1922 (at the time, it had also hosted two U.S. Opens and three U.S. Amateurs). It was the third and final win for Snead in the PGA Championship, and the fifth of his seven major titles. At age 39, he was the oldest at the time to win the PGA Championship, passing his old record of two years earlier. Burkemo won the title in 1953 and was runner-up again in 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068856-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 PGA Championship\nDefending champion Chandler Harper lost in the first round to Jim Turnesa in a match that went to 23 holes. Turnesa, the runner-up to Snead back in 1942, won the title following year in 1952, and displaced Snead as the oldest champion by a few months.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068856-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 PGA Championship\nSnead's win was the last by a former champion for twenty years, until Jack Nicklaus won his second PGA Championship in 1971.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068856-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 PGA Championship\nClaude Harmon, Lloyd Mangrum, and Pete Cooper tied for the lowest score in the stroke play qualifier at 142 (\u22122). Harmon won the $250 medalist prize on the third hole of a sudden-death playoff.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068856-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 PGA Championship\nThe British Open in 1951 was held in the first week of July in Northern Ireland. Its mandatory two-day qualifier was held the same days as the PGA's semifinals and finals, which prevented participation in both events.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068856-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 PGA Championship, Format\nThe match play format at the PGA Championship in 1951 called for 12 rounds (216 holes) in seven days:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 29], "content_span": [30, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068856-0007-0000", "contents": "1951 PGA Championship, Past champions in the field, Failed to qualify\nRunyan did not advance in the six-way playoff for the one final spot in the match play field. Source:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 69], "content_span": [70, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068857-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Pacific Tigers football team\nThe 1951 Pacific Tigers football team represented the College of the Pacific during the 1951 college football season. Pacific played home games in Pacific Memorial Stadium in Stockton, California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068857-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Pacific Tigers football team\nPacific competed as an independent in 1951. In their first season under head coach Ernie Jorge, the Tigers finished the regular season with a record of six wins and four losses (6\u20134) and were ranked as high as #16 during the season. At the end of the season, Pacific was invited to a New Years Day bowl game for the second time in their history (also at the end of the 1946 season). On January 1, 1952, they played Texas Tech in the Sun Bowl, losing 25\u201314. That brought their record to six wins and five losses (6\u20135). For the season they outscored their opponents 275\u2013216.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068857-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Pacific Tigers football team, Team players in the NFL\nThe following College of the Pacific players were selected in the 1952 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068858-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Pacific hurricane season\nThe 1951 Pacific hurricane season ran through the summer and fall of 1951. Nine tropical systems were observed during the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068858-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm One\nA tropical storm hit near Acapulco early in the season in May.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 58], "content_span": [59, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068858-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Two\nA hurricane hit near Acapulco early in the season in June.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 53], "content_span": [54, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068858-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Four\nTropical Storm Four existed from July\u00a05 to July\u00a06.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 59], "content_span": [60, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068858-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Five\nTropical Storm Five existed from August\u00a03 to August\u00a010.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 59], "content_span": [60, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068858-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Six\nOn August 24, a tropical storm was first observed south of Mexico. It paralleled the coastline, and moved northward into Baja California on the 28th. It dissipated the next day, and caused moderate flooding in southern California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 58], "content_span": [59, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068858-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Seven\nTropical Storm Seven existed from September\u00a011 to September\u00a015.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068858-0007-0000", "contents": "1951 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Nine\nThe final tropical cyclone of the season existed from November\u00a027 to November\u00a030.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 59], "content_span": [60, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068858-0008-0000", "contents": "1951 Pacific hurricane season, Other Systems, March Kona storm\nA warm-core kona storm transitioned into a tropical cyclone at 0000 UTC on March 21, west of the Necker Island. At that time, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) began tracking the storm with winds of 30\u00a0mph (50\u00a0km/h), or tropical depression strength. The system began traveling eastward, and later to the northeast on March 22. Then, it turned sharply southward towards Hawaii on the same day. The system turned southwest toward the Hawaiian Islands at 0600 UTC of March 25, making its first landfall near Hauula on Oahu at 1200 UTC that day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 62], "content_span": [63, 610]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068858-0008-0001", "contents": "1951 Pacific hurricane season, Other Systems, March Kona storm\nThe system weakened below tropical storm intensity as it passed through the island of Oahu. By six hours later, the system left the island and continued southward. Then, the system slowed down and curved back north toward Oahu. The system made a second landfall on Oahu near M\u0101kaha, just past 0000 UTC on March 28. Later, the system scrapped the northwestern coast of the island. It re-entered the Pacific six hours later and turned west. The system then sped up and made its last landfall near Kealia, just past 0000 UTC on March 29. The storm moved quickly across the island, and it left the island about six hours later. The JTWC stopped tracking the system east of the island of Nihoa eighteen hours later, after it had started to move across the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 62], "content_span": [63, 844]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068858-0009-0000", "contents": "1951 Pacific hurricane season, Other Systems, March Kona storm\nThe system has been considered a tropical or an extratropical cyclone. The JTWC and the American Meteorological Society (AMS) both consider the storm to be a tropical cyclone. However, the Regional Specialized Meteorological Centers for the eastern north Pacific, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) and Central Pacific Hurricane Center (CPHC) do not include the system in their archives. Due to this, the system was not considered tropical or subtropical officially. On March 25, tropical storm warnings were posted for the Hawaiian Islands. Winds of 60\u00a0mph (95\u00a0km/h) were reported in Oahu as the storm came near the island. In Honolulu, six inches (15\u00a0cm) of rain was reported. The system contributed to the already above-average rainfall in the Hawaiian Islands. The rainfall amount for March 1951 was nearly 200 to 700 percent above normal. The rainfall set records for that month, but they were later broken in 2006.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 62], "content_span": [63, 984]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068859-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Pacific typhoon season\nThe 1951 Pacific typhoon season was a generally below average season with multiple tropical cyclones striking the Philippines. With the exception of January, each month saw at least one tropical system develop; October was the most active month with four tropical cyclones forming. Overall, there were 21\u00a0tropical depressions, of which 17\u00a0became named storms; of those, there were 16\u00a0typhoons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068859-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Pacific typhoon season\nThe season began with the formation of a short-lived unnamed tropical storm on February\u00a019, well east of the Philippines; Typhoon Georgia became the season's first named storm and typhoon after first developing in the open Pacific on March\u00a020. In April, Typhoon Iris developed before intensifying into a super typhoon the following month; Iris was the first recorded instance of a Category 5-equivalent typhoon in the western Pacific. The final typhoon and storm of the year was Typhoon Babs, which remained at sea before dissipating on December\u00a017.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068859-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Pacific typhoon season\nThe scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean, north of the equator and west of the International Date Line. Storms that form east of the date line and north of the equator are called hurricanes; see 1951 Pacific hurricane season. At the time, tropical storms that formed within this region of the western Pacific were named and identified by the Fleet Weather Center in Guam. However, the Japan Meteorological Agency\u00a0(JMA), which was established five years later, identified four additional tropical cyclones during the season not tracked by the Fleet Weather Center; these analyzed systems did not receive names.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 654]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068859-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Georgia\nA persistent low-pressure area south of Kusaie was first noted on March\u00a014. The origins of the cyclonic circulation remain disputed, with one hypothesis indicating initial development south of Nauru and another suggesting that the system originated from a minor tropical wave east of the Marshall Islands. Nonetheless, southeasterly flow associated with an unusually strong high pressure area positioned over northeastern Australia aided the tropical cyclogenesis of the disturbance, and at 1200\u00a0UTC on March\u00a018, the circulation developed into a tropical depression.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 53], "content_span": [54, 620]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068859-0003-0001", "contents": "1951 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Georgia\nIn its initial stages, the disturbance steadily intensified as it moved in a northeasterly direction, attaining tropical storm strength by 1800\u00a0UTC the next day. At 0600\u00a0UTC on March\u00a020, Georgia reached typhoon intensity; however, the Guam Fleet Warning Center only issued its first typhoon bulletin on the tropical cyclone at 0600\u00a0UTC the following day, by which time Georgia already had winds of 185\u00a0km/h (115\u00a0mph), equivalent to a Category\u00a03 hurricane on the Saffir\u2013Simpson hurricane wind scale. At the same time, the typhoon began to develop an eye.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 53], "content_span": [54, 607]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068859-0003-0002", "contents": "1951 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Georgia\nSubsequently, Georgia attained its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 220\u00a0km/h (140\u00a0mph), equivalent to a modern-day Category\u00a04 hurricane. Afterwards, the intense typhoon began to quickly lose organization and strength, and degenerated into a remnant low after 0600\u00a0UTC on March\u00a025, coinciding with the last typhoon bulletin issued by the Guam Fleet Warning Center. The remnants tracked westward before dissipating after 0600\u00a0UTC on March\u00a028.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 53], "content_span": [54, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068859-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Georgia\nAs a developing tropical system, the precursor to Georgia and resultant tropical depression moved near Kusaie, producing a peak rainfall total of 137\u00a0mm (5.31\u00a0in) over a three-day period and gusts in excess of 95\u00a0km/h (55\u00a0mph). On March\u00a020, Georgia passed to the south of Kwajalein. As such, the island's station observed \"strong surface winds\" and 236\u00a0mm (9.28\u00a0in) of rain in an eighteen-hour period. As a weakening tropical cyclone, Georgia threatened Wake Island and Eniwetok Atoll; the latter of which was expected to be the site of American nuclear testing operations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 53], "content_span": [54, 627]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068859-0004-0001", "contents": "1951 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Georgia\nThough both islands were warned of by the Guam Fleet Weather Center, however, the typhoon had weakened considerably before reaching them, and effects remained marginal. Nonetheless, 52\u00a0mm (2.03\u00a0in) of rain was reported on a weather station in Eniwetok. The nuclear testing operation, termed Operation George, remained unaffected, though the first test was detonated on July\u00a04, well after Georgia dissipated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 53], "content_span": [54, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068859-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Hope\nIn early April, several cyclonic vortices were noted south of the Marshall Islands. One of these circulation centers tracked westward and later developed into a tropical depression near Micronesia early on April\u00a015. Steadily intensifying, the disturbance intensified into a tropical storm by 1800\u00a0UTC the next day. At roughly the same time, Hope began to curve slightly to the north.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068859-0005-0001", "contents": "1951 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Hope\nThe Guam Fleet Warning Center estimated that the tropical storm intensified into a typhoon by 1800\u00a0UTC on April\u00a017, before strengthening further to reach its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 130\u00a0km/h (80\u00a0mph) at 0000\u00a0UTC. At the same time, the weather center at Andersen Air Force Base in Guam began issuing bulletins on the storm. Shortly after, Hope executed a small anticyclonic loop, which resulted in the tropical cyclone tracking westward. After this loop was completed, however, the typhoon began to weaken.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 579]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068859-0005-0002", "contents": "1951 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Hope\nThis weakening trend continued, and the Guam Fleet Warning Center ceased the issuance of bulletins at 1200\u00a0UTC on April\u00a020, by which time Hope was deemed too weak to be classified as a tropical cyclone. However, the China Meteorological Agency\u00a0(CMA), in analysis of the system, determined that Hope had persisted up until late on April\u00a023 before dissipating.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068859-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Iris\nIn late April, a well-developed tropical wave began developing east of Chuuk Lagoon. Tracking westward, the easterly wave was analyzed to have organized into a tropical depression by 0000\u00a0UTC on April\u00a029. Twelve hours later, Iris was estimated to have strengthened into a tropical storm. At roughly the same time, a vessel in the vicinity of the storm reported winds in excess of 65\u00a0km/h (40\u00a0mph), prompting the Guam Fleet Weather Center to initiate reconnaissance flights into the cyclone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 541]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068859-0006-0001", "contents": "1951 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Iris\nMidday on April\u00a030, Iris intensified into the equivalent of a modern-day typhoon as it moved in a slightly oscillatory path towards the Philippines. After a slight fluctuation in intensity during the overnight hours of May\u00a01, Iris rapidly intensified to reach its peak intensity with a minimum pressure of 909\u00a0mbar (hPa; 26.85\u00a0inHg) and maximum sustained winds of 280\u00a0km/h (175\u00a0mph) early on May\u00a04, making it the equivalent of a Category\u00a05 super typhoon; at the time this was the first confirmed instance of a typhoon reaching such intensities. Afterwards, Iris weakened slightly before making landfall on South Luzon around 1800\u00a0UTC the following day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 703]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068859-0007-0000", "contents": "1951 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Iris\nAfter passing and weakening through the Philippines, Iris emerged into the South China Sea on May\u00a06 as a tropical storm. At the same time, it began to recurve towards the northeast. On May\u00a09, Iris reached a secondary peak intensity south of the Ryukyu Islands with winds of 160\u00a0km/h (100\u00a0mph), before subsequently weakening. Afterwards, the tropical cyclone underwent extratropical transition, though the timing of such an event is disputed between the JMA and the CMA, with the former indicating that such a transition occurred on May\u00a011, and the latter indicating a transition on May\u00a014.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 640]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068859-0007-0001", "contents": "1951 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Iris\nNonetheless, Iris made an anticyclonic loop beginning on May\u00a011, before accelerating northeastward and dissipating entirely on May\u00a015. Upon its dissipation, Iris set Guam Fleet Weather Center records for number of tropical cyclone bulletins issued, at 50, and number of reconnaissance fixes, at 54. At its landfall in the Philippines, the typhoon caused nine fatalities and injured an additional 39\u00a0people. Rainfall peaked at 484.4\u00a0mm (19.07\u00a0in) in Gandara, Samar, with observed winds peaking at 155\u00a0km/h (95\u00a0mph) in nearby Catbalogan. Damage to highways, bridges, and crops was estimated at \u20b119.2\u00a0million (US$9.5\u00a0million).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 674]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068859-0008-0000", "contents": "1951 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Joan\nA stationary trough of low pressure persisted near Nauru towards the end of April and into early May, producing heavy rains; a station on the island received 8.16\u00a0in (207\u00a0mm) in a 24-hour period from the system. An interaction between the trough and a passing tropical wave resulted in the formation of an organized disturbance on May\u00a02 that tracked initially northwestward before taking a more westerly course. According to the JTWC, the system became sufficiently organized to be considered a tropical cyclone on May\u00a03, though the JMA indicates cyclogenesis three days later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 628]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068859-0008-0001", "contents": "1951 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Joan\nAfter some fluctuations in its strength in its nascent stages, Joan curved towards the northeast and strengthened into a typhoon on May\u00a08, peaking that day with winds of 140\u00a0km/h (85\u00a0mph) and a minimum pressure of 980\u00a0mbar (hPa; 28.93\u00a0inHg). Concurrently, the typhoon stalled and traced out a clockwise loop for roughly a day before resuming a course towards the northwest. Gradual weakening ensued, and the system transitioned into an extratropical cyclone after May\u00a012; the system would dissipate three days later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 567]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068859-0009-0000", "contents": "1951 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Kate\nA disturbance was first noted in the vicinity of Micronesia on June\u00a017 approximately 400\u00a0km (250\u00a0mi) south of Guam. Aircraft traversing between Guam and the Philippines eventually confirmed the presence of a developing tropical depression by June\u00a025, tracking towards the west. By the following day, the system had strengthened into a tropical storm. The system curved towards the north by June\u00a028 and had begun to trend towards the northeast thereafter, gradually strengthening to a typhoon by 18:00\u00a0UTC that day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068859-0009-0001", "contents": "1951 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Kate\nThe storm continued to accelerate towards the northeast, passing just east of the Ryukyu Islands on June\u00a030 before reaching peak intensity offshore Kyushu with maximum sustained winds of 185\u00a0km/h (115\u00a0mph) and a central pressure estimated at 975\u00a0mbar (hPa; 28.79\u00a0inHg). Kate weakened slightly before making landfall the following day on Shikoku with winds of 170\u00a0km/h (105\u00a0mph). The typhoon curved eastward and continued to weaken, tracking through Sagami Bay and emerging over the Pacific Ocean on July\u00a02 as a tropical storm. Kate transitioned into an extratropical cyclone and would later dissipate the following day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 670]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068859-0010-0000", "contents": "1951 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Kate\nThirteen lives were lost on Kyushu. Heavy rains flooded 2,000\u00a0houses and inundated 8,000\u00a0acres of farmland in Kagoshima and Miyazaki prefectures.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068859-0011-0000", "contents": "1951 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Louise\nThe westerly-tracking tropical wave that would develop into Typhoon Louise was closely monitored as it passed Guam on July\u00a025. Strong winds and falling pressures documented in Ulithi strongly suggested that a tropical cyclone was developing in the vicinity. The CMA analyzed the system promptly developing as a strong tropical storm early on July\u00a025; however, the JTWC would not begin issuing bulletins on Louise until reconnaissance aircraft confirmed the presence of an already stout typhoon the following day with winds of 145\u00a0km/h (90\u00a0mph).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 52], "content_span": [53, 597]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068859-0011-0001", "contents": "1951 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Louise\nTracking towards the west-northwest, the storm steadily strengthened, reaching its peak intensity on July\u00a029 east of Luzon with winds peaking at 220\u00a0km/h (140\u00a0mph) and the central pressure bottoming out at 904\u00a0mbar (hPa; 26.65\u00a0inHg). Typhoon-strength winds began to rake the Filipino province of Isabela that day, ahead of Louise's eventual landfall on July\u00a030 with winds of 185\u00a0km/h (115\u00a0mph). The mountainous terrain weakened the storm significantly, and Louise remained weakened system as it traversed the South China Sea before tracking over Wuchuan, Guangdong as a minimal tropical storm on August\u00a02. The tropical cyclone degenerated into a remnant low inland the following day before dissipating entirely on August\u00a05.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 52], "content_span": [53, 776]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068859-0012-0000", "contents": "1951 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Louise\nCommunications were cut in Cagayan on the northeastern portions of Luzon as strong winds felled antennas. In Tuguegarao, 300\u00a0homes were blown down by winds estimated at 145&\u00a0km/h (90\u00a0mph), with similar destruction wrought to homes on the coastal city of Vigan. The typhoon brought copious amounts of rainfall to Luzon, peaking at 483\u00a0mm (19\u00a0in) in a 24-hour period in Baguio; this total nearly set an all-time daily rainfall record for the city. There were six fatalities and ten people were injured. Damage was estimated at \u20b15.5\u00a0million (US$2.7\u00a0million).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 52], "content_span": [53, 608]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068859-0013-0000", "contents": "1951 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Marge\nTyphoon Marge originated as a tropical storm southeast of Guam on August\u00a010. Tracking towards the northwest, the strengthening system passed just south of the island the following day as a typhoon. On August\u00a013, the storm began taking a more northwesterly path as it continued to intensify, reaching its peak intensity two days with maximum winds estimated at 185\u00a0km/h (115\u00a0mph) and a remarkably low pressure of 886\u00a0mbar (hPa; 26.16\u00a0inHg).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068859-0013-0001", "contents": "1951 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Marge\nFluctuating in strength over the following days, Marge passed over the Amami Islands on August\u00a018 before a more steadily weakening trend took hold as the typhoon moved into the East China Sea. The storm passed just offshore Shanghai before curving sharply towards the northeast into the Yellow Sea on August\u00a021. Marge weakened to a tropical storm the next day after spending 11\u00a0continuous days as a typhoon. The cyclone made landfall near Boryeong, South Korea on August\u00a023 and accelerated northeastwards across the Korean peninsula, transitioning into an extratropical cyclone over far-northeastern Manchuria before dissipating after August\u00a024.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 697]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068859-0014-0000", "contents": "1951 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Marge\nMarge was the largest tropical cyclone ever observed to date, with a wind circulation extending 1160\u00a0km (720\u00a0mi) in diameter; this record stood until it was eclipsed by Typhoon Tip in 1979. Meteorologist Robert Simpson flew on board a reconnaissance mission that flew into Marge near its peak strength and documented the eye's visual and sampled characteristics. The flight was an atypical departure from normal reconnaissance missions due to secondary\u2014albeit procedurally constrained\u2014storm-research objectives. Publishing his findings in the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society in 1952, his work would be instrumental in the understanding of tropical cyclone structure.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 734]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068859-0015-0000", "contents": "1951 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Marge\nUnited Nations naval vessels and United States Navy armaments responding to the Korean War were evacuated from the western coast of the Korean peninsula in advance of the approaching typhoon. Gusts as high as 180\u00a0km/h (112\u00a0mph) were reported in Okinawa in what was considered the island's most impactful typhoon since U.S. military occupation in 1945. Although damage was minimal to U.S. military installations, crop damage was extensive in other parts of Okinawa and several roads and highways were washed out by the heavy rains and surf.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 591]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068859-0015-0001", "contents": "1951 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Marge\nImpacts were more extensive further north of Kyushu, where rainfall totals as high as 400\u00a0mm (16\u00a0in) produced widespread flooding that flooded rice paddies and over a thousand homes, prompting the evacuation of 11,943\u00a0people. Offshore, twelve fishing boats capsized in the rough surf, and storm surge killed four in the Kyushu village of Yoshikawa. Across southern Japan, there were 12\u00a0deaths and 53\u00a0injuries caused by Marge. In South Korea, the Busan area was particularly hard hit, with coastal flooding displacing 550\u00a0people from their destroyed wooden homes. A half-mile segment of railroad between Yeosu and Daejeon was also washed out.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 693]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068859-0016-0000", "contents": "1951 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Nora\nNora produced \"some damage\" over a sparsely populated region of northern Luzon and caused communications outages. In Hainan, 800\u00a0homes were destroyed along with 53\u00a0fishing boats. Two people were killed and fifteen were injured in Haikou.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068859-0017-0000", "contents": "1951 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Pat\nYap International Airport recorded 182.6\u00a0mm (7.19\u00a0in) of rain from Pat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 49], "content_span": [50, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068859-0018-0000", "contents": "1951 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Ruth\nStorm warnings were issued for southern Japan on October\u00a013. Planes in Tokyo were grounded and courier service to Korea was suspended. Ruth impacted Japan between October\u00a013\u201315, killing 572\u00a0people and injuring another 2,644; 371\u00a0people were left unaccounted for. Many of these deaths arose from river flooding triggered Ruth. The storm damaged 221,118\u00a0homes and 9,596\u00a0ships, as well as some 3.5\u00a0million bushels of rice. Due to Ruth's large size, much of the country was affected by the typhoon's winds and rains.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068859-0018-0001", "contents": "1951 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Ruth\nA peak wind gust of 195\u00a0km/h (121\u00a0mph) and a rainfall total of 639.3\u00a0mm (25.17\u00a0in) was recorded Kamiyaku, Kagoshima; both of these values were the highest recorded in Japan from Ruth. Yamaguchi Prefecture was most severely impacted by the typhoon. Coastal areas were inundated and communications were disrupted. Winds reaching 150\u00a0km/h (95\u00a0mph) and waves 13.5\u00a0m (44\u00a0ft) high struck Sasebo, Nagasaki, sinking ships and damaging others in the harbor; among them were warships deployed for the Korean War. American military installations throughout Japan incurred over US$1\u00a0million in damage. Overall property damage in Japan was estimated at US$25\u00a0million, affecting an estimated 123,773\u00a0people; total damage to property, crops, and forests reached US$55\u00a0million.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 812]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068859-0019-0000", "contents": "1951 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Thelma\nThelma formed as a Tropical Storm on October 27 and strengthened to category 4 status with 145\u00a0mph winds. Thelma later curved away without affecting land at all before it dissipated on October 2. It did not affect land. It was one of the strongest of the season, however damage was minimal, and no deaths were reported.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 52], "content_span": [53, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068859-0020-0000", "contents": "1951 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Storm Vera\nVera remained at Tropical Storm status and did not affect land at all, thus being a minimal storm", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 57], "content_span": [58, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068859-0021-0000", "contents": "1951 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Wanda\nOn November\u00a021, Typhoon Wanda moved across the Visayas and southern Luzon. The storm impacts fatally injured 82\u00a0people and displaced 213,242\u00a0others from their homes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068859-0022-0000", "contents": "1951 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Amy\nOn December\u00a03, an area of low pressure first noted near the Kwajalein Atoll developed into a tropical cyclone. Tracking in a general westward direction, the storm quickly intensified to reach typhoon intensity the next day. However, the typhoon's asymmetricity resulted in a fluctuation of intensity over the following few days. Afterwards, Amy was able to intensify to reach its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 220\u00a0km/h (140\u00a0mph) and a minimum barometric pressure of 950\u00a0mbar (hPa; 28.05\u00a0inHg) on December\u00a08.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 49], "content_span": [50, 574]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068859-0022-0001", "contents": "1951 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Amy\nOver the ensuing two days, Amy moved over several islands in the central Philippines before emerging in the South China Sea on December\u00a011 as the equivalent of a minimal typhoon. Shortly after, the tropical cyclone executed a tight anticyclonic loop while oscillating in strength several times before eventually weakening and dissipating on December\u00a017, just east of Vietnam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 49], "content_span": [50, 425]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068859-0023-0000", "contents": "1951 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Amy\nIn the Philippines, Amy was considered one of the worst typhoons to strike the island chain on record. Making its initial landfall along with the concurrent eruption of Mount Hibok-Hibok on Camiguin, the typhoon disrupted volcanic relief operations and forced the displacement of victims already displaced by the volcano. Cebu City suffered the worst impacts of Amy\u00a0\u2013 most of the city's buildings were heavily damaged, and 29\u00a0people died in the city. Strong winds and rainfall in the city associated with Amy also set records which still remain unbroken today. Damage there was estimated at \u20b1560\u00a0million.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 49], "content_span": [50, 654]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068859-0023-0001", "contents": "1951 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Amy\nAlong the east coast of Leyte, where Amy initially struck, ninety percent of homes were destroyed, and a large swath of coconut plantations were wiped out. In Panay, located on the western side of the Philippines, at least a thousand homes were destroyed in 41\u00a0towns. Overall, Amy caused $30\u00a0million in damage, and at least 556\u00a0fatalities, though the final death toll may have been as high as 991, making the typhoon one of the deadliest in modern Philippine history. An additional 50,000\u00a0people were displaced by the storm.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 49], "content_span": [50, 574]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068859-0024-0000", "contents": "1951 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Unnamed systems\nIn addition to the 17\u00a0named storms monitored by the JTWC throughout the year, 14\u00a0other cyclones were analyzed by various agencies across East Asia, some of which were estimated to have reached tropical storm strength. Furthermore, disagreement on the intensity of these storms exists between the warnings centers. The table below lists the maximum intensity reported by any one agency for the sake of completeness. However, any tropical storms listed here are not considered official and thus are excluded from the season total.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 53], "content_span": [54, 582]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068859-0025-0000", "contents": "1951 Pacific typhoon season, Season effects\nThe following table lists all of the tropical cyclones that formed during the 1951 Pacific typhoon season, including their names, duration, intensities, damages, and death totals. Damage and deaths include totals for storms before tropical cyclogenesis and after extratropical transition. The duration of storms is based on data provided from the China Meteorological Administration, while maximum sustained wind data is provided by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Pressure data is provided by the Japan Meteorological Agency.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068860-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Palanca Awards\nThe Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature winners in the year 1951 (rank, title of winning entry, name of author). Open only in English and Tagalog Short Story, these are the first recipient winners of the Awards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068861-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Pan American Games\nThe 1951 Pan American Games (the I Pan American Games) were held in Buenos Aires, Argentina between February 25 and March 9, 1951. The Pan American Games' origins were at the Games of the X Olympiad in Los Angeles, United States, where officials representing the National Olympic Committees of the Americas discussed the staging of an Olympic-style regional athletic competition for the athletes of the Americas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068861-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Pan American Games\nDuring the Pan-American Exposition at Dallas in 1937, a limited sports program was staged. These included Athletics, Boxing, and Wrestling among others. This program was considered a success and a meeting of Olympic officials from the Americas was held.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068861-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Pan American Games\nAt the Pan American Sports Conference held in 1940, it was decided to hold the 1st Pan American Games at Buenos Aires, Argentina, in 1942. The Pan American Sports Committee was formed to govern the games. Avery Brundage was elected as the first President. However, the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor brought much of the Americas into World War II, thus forcing the cancellation of the 1942 games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068861-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Pan American Games\nA second conference was held in 1948. Avery Brundage was re-elected as the President of the PASC. It was decided that Buenos Aires would still host the 1st Pan American Games, this time in 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068861-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Pan American Games, Opening ceremony\nThe opening ceremony took place at the Racing Club Stadium, which had been recently inaugurated. The Greek athlete Aristeidis Roubanis lit the pebble for the first time, while local athlete Delfo Cabrera was the bearer of the Argentine flag.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 41], "content_span": [42, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068861-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Pan American Games, Opening ceremony\nThe inauguration event was attended by the Argentine President Juan Per\u00f3n and the member of the Pan-American Games Commission, Avery Brundage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 41], "content_span": [42, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068862-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Pan American Games medal table\nThe 1951 Pan American Games, officially known as the I Pan American Games, were a continental multi-sport event held in Buenos Aires, Argentina, from February\u00a05 to March\u00a09, 1951. At the Games, 2,513 athletes selected from 21 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) participated in events in 18 sports. Seventeen nations earned medals during the competition, and ten won at least one gold medal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 425]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068862-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Pan American Games medal table, Medal table\nThe ranking in this table is based on medal counts published by several media organizations. By default, the table is ordered by the number of gold medals won by the athletes representing a nation. (In this context, a nation is an entity represented by a NOC). The number of silver medals is taken into consideration next and then the number of bronze medals. If nations are still tied, equal ranking is given and they are listed alphabetically by IOC country code.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 48], "content_span": [49, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068862-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Pan American Games medal table, Medal table\nTo sort this table by nation, total medal count, or any other column, click on the  icon next to the column title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 48], "content_span": [49, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068863-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Papua New Guinean general election\nGeneral elections were held in Papua and New Guinea for the first time on 10 November 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068863-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Papua New Guinean general election, Electoral system\nThe Legislative Council was formed following the amalgamation of the Territory of Papua and the Territory of New Guinea after World War II. The bill passed by the Australian parliament provided for a 29-member Council consisting of the Administrator, 16 civil servants, nine members appointed by the Administrator (three representatives of the indigenous population, three representing European settlers and three representing missionaries) and three elected Europeans. The Administrator served as presiding officer of the legislature.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 57], "content_span": [58, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068863-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Papua New Guinean general election, Electoral system\nVoting was restricted to residents aged 21 or over who had lived in the territory for the last 12 months prior to registering to vote and were not classed as a native or alien. The Chinese community were also given the right to vote alongside Europeans. Candidates had to have lived continuously in the territory for the three years prior to submitting their nomination paper and not be a public employee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 57], "content_span": [58, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068863-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Papua New Guinean general election, Electoral system\nThe three elected members were elected from three single-member constituencies, New Guinea Islands, New Guinea Mainland and Papua by preferential voting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 57], "content_span": [58, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068863-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Papua New Guinean general election, Aftermath\nThe new Legislative Council met for the first time in Port Moresby on 26 November.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 50], "content_span": [51, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068863-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Papua New Guinean general election, Aftermath\nIn February 1952 Steven Lonergan (Government Secretary) and R.E.P. Dwyer (Director of Agriculture) replaced Claude Champion and Colin Marr, who had been acting in their positions at the time the council was appointed. Thomas Byrne died in February 1952 and was temporarily replaced by Acting Chief Collector of Customs Thomas Grahamslaw until Frank Lee was appointed as Byrne's permanent replacement later in the year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 50], "content_span": [51, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068863-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 Papua New Guinean general election, Aftermath\nBert Jones was replaced by the new Director of Native Affairs Alan Roberts in November 1953. C.D. Bates (District Commissioner for Morobe) and Douglas Macinnis (Secretary of Lands, Surveys and Mines) also joined the Council during its term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 50], "content_span": [51, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068864-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Paraguayan Primera Divisi\u00f3n season\nThe 1951 season of the Paraguayan Primera Divisi\u00f3n, the top category of Paraguayan football, was played by 11 teams. The national champions were Sportivo Luque\u00f1o.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068865-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Paris\u2013Nice\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Cewbot (talk | contribs) at 22:08, 11 September 2020 (bot: Convert Albert Dubuisson to wikilink). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068865-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Paris\u2013Nice\nThe 1951 Paris\u2013Nice was the ninth edition of the Paris\u2013Nice cycle race and was held from 13 March to 17 March 1951. The race started in Paris and finished in Nice. The race was won by Roger Decock.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068866-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Paris\u2013Roubaix\nThe 1951 Paris\u2013Roubaix was the 49th\u00a0edition of the Paris\u2013Roubaix, a classic one-day cycle race in France. The single day event was held on 8 April 1951 and stretched 247\u00a0km (153\u00a0mi) from Paris to the finish at Roubaix Velodrome. The winner was Antonio Bevilacqua from Italy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068867-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Paris\u2013Tours\nThe 1951 Paris\u2013Tours was the 45th edition of the Paris\u2013Tours cycle race and was held on 7 October 1951. The race started in Paris and finished in Tours. The race was won by Jacques Dupont.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068868-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Pau Grand Prix\nThe 1951 Pau Grand Prix was a non-championship Formula One motor race held on 26 March 1951 at the Pau circuit, in Pau, Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es-Atlantiques, France. The Grand Prix was won by Luigi Villoresi, driving the Ferrari 375. Louis Rosier finished second and Giuseppe Farina third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068869-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Penn Quakers football team\nThe 1951 Penn Quakers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Pennsylvania during the 1951 college football season. In their 14th year under head coach George Munger, the Quakers compiled a 5\u20134 record and outscored opponents 121 to 117. Harry Warren was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068869-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Penn Quakers football team\nPenn played its home games at Franklin Field adjacent to the university's campus in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068870-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Penn State Nittany Lions football team\nThe 1951 Penn State Nittany Lions football team represented the Pennsylvania State University in the 1951 college football season. The team was coached by Rip Engle and played its home games in New Beaver Field in State College, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068871-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Pepperdine Waves football team\nThe 1951 Pepperdine Waves football team represented George Pepperdine College as a member of the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA) during the 1951 college football season. The team was led by first-year head coach Duck Dowell and played home games at El Camino Stadium on the campus of El Camino College in Torrance, California. They finished the season with an overall record of 5\u20134\u20131 and a mark of 2\u20131\u20131 in conference play, tying for second in the CCAA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068871-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Pepperdine Waves football team, Team players in the NFL\nThe following Pepperdine players were selected in the 1952 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 60], "content_span": [61, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068872-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Peruvian Primera Divisi\u00f3n\nThe 1951 season of the Primera Divisi\u00f3n Peruana, the top category of Peruvian football, was played by 10 teams. The national champions were Sport Boys.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068873-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Philadelphia Athletics season\nThe 1951 Philadelphia Athletics season involved the A's finishing sixth in the American League with a record of 70 wins and 84 losses.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068873-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Philadelphia Athletics season, Regular season\nFerris Fain won the American League batting championship with a .344 batting average.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 50], "content_span": [51, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068873-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 79], "content_span": [80, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068873-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 72], "content_span": [73, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068873-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 77], "content_span": [78, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068873-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 74], "content_span": [75, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068873-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 75], "content_span": [76, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068874-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Philadelphia Eagles season\nThe 1951 Philadelphia Eagles season was their 19th in the league. The team failed to improve on their previous output of 6\u20136, winning only four games. The team failed to qualify for the playoffs for the second consecutive season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068874-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Philadelphia Eagles season, Off Season\nThe Eagle hired Bo McMillin who took on the challenge of returning the Philadelphia Eagles to their previous glory was hired on February 8, 1951. However, after just two games (both wins), McMillin underwent surgery for what was believed to be ulcer troubles. The verdict was far worse: stomach cancer, which ended his coaching career. Assistant coach Wayne Miller took over as head coach for the rest of the year. He would resign weeks before the 1952 season citing health as the reason for stepping down.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 550]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068874-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Philadelphia Eagles season, Off Season, NFL Draft\nThe 1951 NFL Draft was held on January 18\u201319, 1951. This draft would be for players coming out of college and because Baltimore Colts folded after the 1950 season. The NFL placed their players in the 1951 NFL draft. The draft was 30 rounds with eleven teams picking. There was a total of 362 players drafted. 27 former Colts players were drafted including Y. A. Tittle by San Francisco 49ers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 54], "content_span": [55, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068874-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Philadelphia Eagles season, Off Season, NFL Draft\nThe Eagles would rotate getting the 5th, 6th and 7th picks through the rounds as a results of their 6\u20136 record in 1950, tying them with Pittsburgh and Detroit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 54], "content_span": [55, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068874-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Philadelphia Eagles season, Off Season, NFL Draft\nWith the lottery bonus pick as the #1 pick of the draft, the New York Giants choose Kyle Rote a Halfback from Southern Methodist University The 2nd pick in the draft was made by the Chicago Bears. This was the Baltimore Colts 1st round pick that would have had, that was earlier traded to Chicago. With this pick they choose Bob Williams a Quarterback from the Notre Dame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 54], "content_span": [55, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068874-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Philadelphia Eagles season, Off Season, NFL Draft\nWith their 1st pick as the 7th selection in the 1st round the Eagles choose, Ebert Van Buren, brother of Steve Van Buren, a Fullback/Halfback out of LSU.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 54], "content_span": [55, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068874-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 Philadelphia Eagles season, Off Season, Player selections\nThe table shows the Eagles selections and what picks they had that were traded away and the team that ended up with that pick. It is possible the Eagles' pick ended up with this team via another team that the Eagles made a trade with. Not shown are acquired picks that the Eagles traded away.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 62], "content_span": [63, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068874-0007-0000", "contents": "1951 Philadelphia Eagles season, Game recaps, Week 12 vs Cleve Browns\nThe Eagles lost for the 4th time to the former AAFC member. They were out played by the American Conference champions Cleveland Browns, as they could only manage a net passing yard total of 8 yards for the game on 9 completions. The Eagles forced the Browns to turn the ball over 4 times, and sacked Otto Graham in the end zone for a safety as the only bright points of the game for the Eagles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 69], "content_span": [70, 464]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068874-0008-0000", "contents": "1951 Philadelphia Eagles season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 42], "content_span": [43, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068874-0009-0000", "contents": "1951 Philadelphia Eagles season, Playoffs\nThe Philadelphia eagles finished with a 4\u20138\u20130 record and failed to make it to the 1951 NFL Championship Game. The game was played between the Cleveland Browns and Los Angeles Rams in Los Angeles on December 23, 1951, with an attendance of 59,475.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 41], "content_span": [42, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068874-0010-0000", "contents": "1951 Philadelphia Eagles season, Roster\n(All time List of Philadelphia Eagles players in franchise history)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 39], "content_span": [40, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068875-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Philadelphia Phillies season\nThe 1951 Philadelphia Phillies finished in fifth place. The team had won the 1950 National League pennant but in the United Press' annual preseason poll of sportswriters, only 18 out of 168 writers picked the team to repeat as pennant winners; the Giants received 81 votes and the Dodgers 55. Those two teams wound up tied, with the Phillies 23 games behind.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068875-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Philadelphia Phillies season, Regular season, All-Star Game\nThe 1951 All-Star Game was originally awarded to the Philadelphia Phillies. The City of Detroit was celebrating the 250th anniversary of its founding in 1701 and requested to host the year's All-Star Game. Although the National League was scheduled to host the game in '51, the game was moved to Detroit's Briggs Stadium to coincide with the city's celebration. The Phillies instead hosted the 1952 All-Star Game at Shibe Park.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 64], "content_span": [65, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068875-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 78], "content_span": [79, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068875-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 71], "content_span": [72, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068875-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 76], "content_span": [77, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068875-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068875-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 74], "content_span": [75, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068876-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Philadelphia municipal election\nPhiladelphia's municipal election held on November 6, 1951, was the first under the city's new charter, which had been approved by the voters in April, and the first Democratic victory in the city in more than a half-century. The positions contested were those of mayor and district attorney, and all seventeen city council seats. There was also a referendum on whether to consolidate the city and county governments. Citywide, the Democrats took majorities of over 100,000 votes, breaking a 67-year Republican hold on city government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068876-0000-0001", "contents": "1951 Philadelphia municipal election\nJoseph S. Clark Jr. and Richardson Dilworth, two of the main movers for the charter reform, were elected mayor and district attorney, respectively. Led by local party chairman James A. Finnegan, the Democrats also took fourteen of seventeen city council seats, and all of the citywide offices on the ballot. A referendum on city-county consolidation passed by a wide margin. The election marked the beginning of Democratic dominance of Philadelphia city politics, which continues today.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068876-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Philadelphia municipal election, Background\nIn the 1940s, Philadelphia was the last major city in the United States to have nearly all of its political offices occupied by Republicans. Mayor Bernard Samuel and sheriff Austin Meehan led the Republican organization and were supported by many of the city's business interests. In 1947, city voters had elected Republicans to the mayor's office and to every seat on the city council. Over the next few years, cracks in the Republican wall began to emerge as independent voters and reform-minded Republicans began to join with Democrats in opposing what they saw as shortcomings of the Republican political machine. Some in the Democratic coalition objected to making common cause with the reformers, but Democratic City Committee chairman James A. Finnegan saw it as a chance to revitalize his moribund party, saying \"good government is good politics.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 904]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068876-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Philadelphia municipal election, Background\nIn 1949, that coalition scored a victory in the election for \"row offices\" (minor citywide offices including treasurer, coroner, and controller), and the reformers used their new platforms to expose corruption in city government. A bipartisan commission of reformers proposed a new city charter in 1950. The new scheme would shift power away from city council to a strong mayor, something they believed would produce a system that would be more efficient and less susceptible to corruption. It also included provisions for civil service reform, requiring that city jobs be filled by merit selection rather than patronage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 670]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068876-0002-0001", "contents": "1951 Philadelphia municipal election, Background\nThe higher-ranking executive branch positions in city government would almost all be filled by the mayor directly without council approval, which was intended to encourage the appointment of independent experts instead of distributing jobs as reward for political service. Voters approved the charter overwhelmingly in an April 1951 referendum, setting up a showdown in November for election to the revised city government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068876-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Philadelphia municipal election, Mayor\nSamuel did not run for re-election as mayor, leaving an open seat to be contested by the Republican nominee, Daniel A. Poling, and the Democrat, Joseph S. Clark Jr. Clark was a lawyer and United States Army officer who had served in World War II. Raised in an upper-class Republican family, he switched his party affiliation to the Democrats in 1928. After several unsuccessful attempts at public office in Philadelphia, he served as a Deputy Attorney General of Pennsylvania. Clark was known as a reformer, having been elected city controller two years earlier in 1949 on a platform of cleaning up corruption in the city. Despite being slandered as a communist for his membership in the Americans for Democratic Action, a left-wing group, Clark was victorious.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 43], "content_span": [44, 805]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068876-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Philadelphia municipal election, Mayor\nIn those two years, Clark probed graft and theft in the Samuel administration and reported his findings to the voters. Many of those accused of crimes were convicted, and several committed suicide. Clark continued his push for reform by urging adoption of the new city charter. He campaigned for mayor with the promise of a \"clean sweep of City Hall\". He won the support of party Democrats in part by announcing his intention to run whether they backed him or not. In the July primary election, he triumphed easily over former City Solicitor Joseph Sharfsin by an eight-to-one margin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 43], "content_span": [44, 628]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068876-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Philadelphia municipal election, Mayor\nThe Republican nominee, Poling, was a Baptist preacher with a national reputation for integrity who GOP leaders hoped would help deflect the corruption charges leveled against the machine. Poling had worked for various charitable organizations and managed the Christian Herald. His son, Clark V. Poling, was one of the Four Chaplains lost aboard the SS Dorchester in World War II, and Poling served as pastor at the chapel erected in their memory. Poling was challenged in the primary by Walter P. Miller, a businessman who had the backing of independent Republicans. The ward leaders swung their support to Poling, who won by a six-to-one margin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 43], "content_span": [44, 691]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068876-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 Philadelphia municipal election, Mayor\nAs in 1947 and 1949, Clark focused his campaign on the corruption of the Republican organization, calling it \"the most corrupt political machine in the United States\". Poling admitted that corruption existed, but pledged to root it out himself if elected. Philadelphia's two newspapers, the Inquirer and the Bulletin, had traditionally endorsed Republicans, but in 1951 favored the Democrats. Poling's association with the Republican party bosses clinched the Inquirer's endorsement for Clark; in an editorial, the editors said \"the only way Philadelphia can get a change at City Hall is by throwing out the Republican ward-boss clique\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 43], "content_span": [44, 681]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068876-0006-0001", "contents": "1951 Philadelphia municipal election, Mayor\nClark and his running mate, district attorney candidate Richardson Dilworth, bought radio time and made street-corner speeches. In one speech, Dilworth called the Republican leadership \"political hogs and extremely avaricious gentlemen\". In a broadcast, Clark called his non-politician opponent the ignorant tool of corrupt interests, saying \"he can know nothing about the subject personally for he has not been in politics in Philadelphia long enough to find out.\" Poling campaigned vigorously with the full support of his party organization, but the effort fell short.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 43], "content_span": [44, 614]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068876-0007-0000", "contents": "1951 Philadelphia municipal election, Mayor\nThe general election was a landslide for Clark, who won by more than 120,000 votes. With 58% of the vote, the Democrats had gained nearly 215,000 votes over the last election, in which they had been defeated. The Democrats' greatest gains were in the so-called \"independent wards\", where middle-class voters were more likely to split their tickets in pursuit of good government, and in the majority-black wards in North and West Philadelphia, where Clark's promise of civil service reform gained the confidence of black voters, who had traditionally been left out of the patronage system. As the result became apparent, he told reporters that it was a \"great victory for the thinking people of Philadelphia and it ends a long hard fight.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 43], "content_span": [44, 782]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068876-0008-0000", "contents": "1951 Philadelphia municipal election, Mayor\nThis was the first time since 1881 (70 years) that a Democrat won the mayoralty, and the first time since 1911 (40 years) that a Republican nominee lost the mayoralty. It ushered a period of Democratic control of the mayoralty which continues to this day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 43], "content_span": [44, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068876-0009-0000", "contents": "1951 Philadelphia municipal election, District Attorney\nPhiladelphia elects a district attorney independently of the mayor, in a system that predates the charter change. Since 1957, district attorney elections have followed mayoral and city council elections by two years, but in 1951 both offices were up for election in the same year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 55], "content_span": [56, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068876-0010-0000", "contents": "1951 Philadelphia municipal election, District Attorney\nAs in the mayor's race, the contest for district attorney pitted a Democratic reformer, Richardson Dilworth, against a representative of the Republican machine, Michael A. Foley. Dilworth, like Clark, was a former Republican who had been advocating reform for several years. He had run for mayor unsuccessfully in 1947, with Clark as his campaign manager. In 1949, he was elected City Treasurer. Democratic Party leaders had intended Dilworth to be their candidate for mayor again in 1951, but when Clark announced his candidacy, Dilworth agreed to run for district attorney instead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 55], "content_span": [56, 639]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068876-0010-0001", "contents": "1951 Philadelphia municipal election, District Attorney\nFoley, an attorney for the Insurance Company of North America, had organization backing in the primary but had no success against the Democratic wave in the general election. Dilworth was unopposed in the primary. In November, Dilworth won by almost as large a margin as Clark, taking just shy of 58% of the vote. He told reporters that the victory had a \"sobering effect\", adding: \"the bigger the victory, the bigger the responsibility\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 55], "content_span": [56, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068876-0011-0000", "contents": "1951 Philadelphia municipal election, City Council\nUnder the new charter, Philadelphians elected a seventeen-member city council in 1951, with ten members representing districts of the city, and the remaining seven being elected at-large. By the rules of the limited voting system for the at-large seats, each political party could nominate five candidates and voters could only vote for five, with the result that the majority party could only take five of the seven seats, leaving two for the minority party. The Democrats' citywide triumph continued into the city council races, as they took nine of ten districts and five of seven at-large seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 50], "content_span": [51, 650]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068876-0012-0000", "contents": "1951 Philadelphia municipal election, City Council\nConstance Dallas, the first woman to win election to City Council, was elected in a close vote in the 8th district (covering Chestnut Hill, Germantown, and Roxborough) over incumbent councilman Robert S. Hamilton. In the 1st district, which took in South Philadelphia, attorney Thomas I. Guerin defeated Dominic J. Colubiale. In the 2nd, the Republicans' lone district-level victory came as electrical equipment salesman William M. Phillips bested Louis Vignola, a labor union official.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 50], "content_span": [51, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068876-0012-0001", "contents": "1951 Philadelphia municipal election, City Council\nIn the 3rd district, made up of the southern half of West Philadelphia, incumbent Harry Norwitch defeated another incumbent from the old city council, George Maxman, who had held office since 1936. In the 4th, which covered the northern half of West Philadelphia, state representative Samuel Rose defeated incumbent James G. Clark.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 50], "content_span": [51, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068876-0013-0000", "contents": "1951 Philadelphia municipal election, City Council\nIn the city's 5th district in North Philadelphia, another incumbent, Eugene J. Sullivan, was defeated by Raymond Pace Alexander, a local attorney and African American civil rights leader. In the 6th district, covering Kensington and Frankford, plumbers' union official Michael J. Towey won over William J. Glowacz. In the 7th, James Hugh Joseph Tate defeated Joseph A. Ferko, a local Mummers string band leader. Insurance broker Charles M. Finley defeated incumbent councilman William A. Kelley in the 9th district, which covered Oak Lane, Olney, and Logan. In Northeast Philadelphia's 10th district, incumbent Clarence K. Crossan, who had held office since 1925, went down to defeat against real estate broker John F. Byrne Sr.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 50], "content_span": [51, 779]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068876-0014-0000", "contents": "1951 Philadelphia municipal election, City Council\nIn the at-large races, all five Democrats were elected, including city party chairman James A. Finnegan, former registration commissioner Victor E. Moore, Charter Commission secretary Lewis M. Stevens, attorney (and future district attorney of Philadelphia) Victor H. Blanc, and magistrate Paul D'Ortona. The Republican slate ran more than 100,000 votes behind the Democrats, with incumbent councilman Louis Schwartz and state senator John W. Lord Jr. narrowly edging out labor leader John B. Backhus, assistant district attorney Colbert C. McClain, and clergyman Irwin W. Underhill for the two minority party slots on the council. The Progressive Party, a left-wing party founded in 1948 around Henry A. Wallace's presidential bid, ran two candidates who took less than one percent of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 50], "content_span": [51, 846]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068876-0015-0000", "contents": "1951 Philadelphia municipal election, City commissioners\nIn the race for city commissioners, each party nominates two candidates and the top three are elected. The office was a county office, a holdover from the time before consolidation of the townships in Philadelphia County into one city. The most important of the remaining duties of the commissioners in Philadelphia was the conduct of the city's elections; they also had responsibility for regulating weights and measures. As in the other races, the Democrats triumphed, electing both Maurice S. Osser and Thomas P. McHenry. McHenry was an incumbent who had served as commissioner since 1945, while Osser was new to the office, having previously worked as a lawyer and as the leader of the 16th ward. The Republican spot on the county commission went to Walter I. Davidson, a sales executive.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 56], "content_span": [57, 849]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068876-0016-0000", "contents": "1951 Philadelphia municipal election, Row offices and judges\nThe Democrats' success continued down the ballot. The incumbent sheriff, Austin Meehan, did not run for re-election, and the race for county sheriff pitted two incumbent city councilmen against each other for the job: Democrat William M. Lennox and Republican Cornelius S. Deegan Jr. The office of sheriff was another holdover county office. The sheriff, whose job differed from that of the chief of police, was the chief law enforcement officer of the court. Lennox came out ahead, and would hold the job for the next twenty years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 60], "content_span": [61, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068876-0017-0000", "contents": "1951 Philadelphia municipal election, Row offices and judges\nDemocrat Joseph A. Scanlon was elected over Republican Edward W. Furia for clerk of courts, an officer charged with the collection and disbursement of payments ordered by the courts. Scanlon, a former state legislator, served as clerk until 1957, when he died in office. For recorder of deeds, another county administrative office, Democrat Marshall L. Shepard was elected. Shepard was a Baptist minister who had also served as recorder of deeds in Washington, D.C. Two years later, the office was folded into the city government and converted to a civil service position.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 60], "content_span": [61, 633]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068876-0018-0000", "contents": "1951 Philadelphia municipal election, Row offices and judges\nMost of the common pleas court judges up for re-election were endorsed by both parties, but in the one contested race, Democrat John Morgan Davis defeated incumbent Republican Thomas Bluett. The Democrats also took eight of the fourteen magisterial district judge positions (a local court, the duties of which are now performed by the Philadelphia Municipal Court).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 60], "content_span": [61, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068876-0019-0000", "contents": "1951 Philadelphia municipal election, Referendum\nA statewide referendum on the ballot that day continued the work begun by the new city charter in asking voters to consolidate the city and county governments in Philadelphia. In 1854, all of the municipalities in Philadelphia County had been consolidated into one city, but many county offices still existed, duplicating the efforts of city officials. The merger would also bring county offices under the civil service protections of the new city charter. Merging the city and county governments had been defeated in a 1937 referendum, but in 1951 the question was overwhelmingly approved. Two other ballot proposals authorized the city to borrow $17\u00a0million for municipal improvements and $14\u00a0million for the gas works; both passed by a five-to-one margin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 807]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068876-0020-0000", "contents": "1951 Philadelphia municipal election, Aftermath\nThe 1951 election was the final blow to Philadelphia's once-dominant Republican machine. After winning some minor offices in 1953, the Republican organization quickly declined again. Since that time, the Democratic Party has dominated the city's politics, with no other party electing a mayor or a majority of the city council. With Republicans no longer playing a significant role in Philadelphia's government, the main battle in city politics came to be between the Democratic Party's reformers and its organization stalwarts. By 1965, with most reformers out of government, the ascendant political culture in the city returned to what the Philadelphia Bulletin called \"the old, narrow partisan view, the aroma of inside deals, back-scratching, and City Hall favoritism\u00a0... crass political bidding for favor at taxpayers' expense.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 47], "content_span": [48, 881]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068877-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Philippine Senate election\nA senatorial election was held in the Philippines on November 13, 1951. The election was known as a midterm election as the date when elected candidates take office falls halfway through President Elpidio Quirino's four-year term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068877-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Philippine Senate election, Summary\nAs the Hukbalahap insurgency raged in Central Luzon, Filipinos trooped to the polling booths for the 1951 midterm elections\u2014a referendum on President Quirino, who had won the presidency in his own right two years prior. Despite the political remarriage of the two factions of the Liberal Party, the Quirinistas and Avelinistas, the Quirino administration was still far from popular and had gained notoriety for its inability to rein in corruption and its ineffectual attempts to police lawlessness in the countryside. The Nacionalistas took advantage of the situation and mounted an active campaign to wrest back the Senate from the LP.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 40], "content_span": [41, 677]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068877-0001-0001", "contents": "1951 Philippine Senate election, Summary\nLed by former President Jose P. Laurel, Quirino\u2019s chief adversary in the 1949 presidential polls, the NP swept all eight Senate seats in contention, the first total victory of the opposition in the Senate. So strong was the rejection of the Quirino administration in 1951 that even LP top honcho, Senate President Mariano Jesus Cuenco, lost his seat. Laurel received the highest number of votes, which was seen as his political rehabilitation and which made him the first and only president, thus far, to have served in the Senate after his presidency.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 40], "content_span": [41, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068877-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Philippine Senate election, Summary\nFelisberto Verano, also a Nacionalista, won the special elections held on the same day to fill the Senate seat vacated by Vice-President Fernando Lopez.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 40], "content_span": [41, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068877-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Philippine Senate election, Summary\nBlock voting, established in 1941, was abolished in 1951 with Republic Act No. 599. This would later lead to more fragmented results in most national elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 40], "content_span": [41, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068877-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Philippine Senate election, Results\nThe Nacionalista Party won all eight seats contested in the general election, and the seat contested in the special election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 40], "content_span": [41, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068877-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Philippine Senate election, Results\nFormer Senate President Mariano Jes\u00fas Cuenco was the sole incumbent defeated, while Carlos P. Garcia successfully defended his seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 40], "content_span": [41, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068877-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 Philippine Senate election, Results\nSix winners are neophyte Nacionalista senators: Manuel Briones, Francisco Afan Delgado, Jose Locsin, Cipriano Primicias Sr., Gil Puyat and Jose Zulueta.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 40], "content_span": [41, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068877-0007-0000", "contents": "1951 Philippine Senate election, Results\nNacionalista Jose P. Laurel returned to the Senate after serving from 1925 to 1931.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 40], "content_span": [41, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068877-0008-0000", "contents": "1951 Philippine Senate election, Results, Per party\nThe seat vacated by Vicente Yap Sotto (Popular Front), who died in 1950, was one of the seats up for election. This also includes the result of the concurrent special election for the seat vacated by Vice President Fernando Lopez in 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 51], "content_span": [52, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068877-0009-0000", "contents": "1951 Philippine Senate election, Results, Special election\nTo serve the unexpired term of Fernando Lopez until December 30, 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 58], "content_span": [59, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068878-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Pittsburgh Panthers football team\nThe 1951 Pittsburgh Panthers football team represented the University of Pittsburgh in the 1951 college football season. The team compiled a 3\u20137 record under head coach Tom Hamilton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068879-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Pittsburgh Pirates season\nThe 1951 Pittsburgh Pirates season was the 70th season of the Pittsburgh Pirates franchise; the 65th in the National League. The Pirates finished seventh in the league standings with a record of 64\u201390.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068879-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 75], "content_span": [76, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068879-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 68], "content_span": [69, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068879-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068879-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068879-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 71], "content_span": [72, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068880-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Pittsburgh Steelers season\nThe 1951 Pittsburgh Steelers season was the franchise's 19th in the National Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068880-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Pittsburgh Steelers season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 42], "content_span": [43, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068881-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Polish\u2013Soviet territorial exchange\nThe 1951 Polish\u2013Soviet territorial exchange or Polish\u2013Soviet border adjustment treaty of 1951 was a border adjustment signed in Moscow between the Soviet-imposed People's Republic of Poland and the Soviet Union regarding roughly 480\u00a0km2 (185\u00a0sq\u00a0mi) of land, along their mutual border. The agreement was signed on February 15, 1951, and ratified by People's Republic of Poland on May 28, 1951, and USSR May 31, 1951. It modified the border treaty of August 16, 1945 and entered into force on June 5, 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068881-0000-0001", "contents": "1951 Polish\u2013Soviet territorial exchange\nThe exchange was made to the decisive economic benefit of the Soviet Union due to rich deposits of coal given up by Poland; these deposits were discovered well before World War II. Within eight years following the agreement, the Soviets built four large coal mines there with a total annual mining capacity of 15 million tons. The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic government had no say in this process.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068881-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Polish\u2013Soviet territorial exchange\nIn exchange, the Soviet Union ceded part of the Ukrainian SSR's Drohobych Oblast (1939\u20131959): the city of Ustrzyki Dolne and the villages of Czarna (Ukrainian: \u0427\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0430 Chorna), Shevchenko (whose name was restored to prewar Polish name Lutowiska in 1957), Kro\u015bcienko, Bandr\u00f3w Narodowy, Bystre and Liskowate. All of this territory became part of the Krosno Voivodeship in 1975, and of the Subcarpathian Voivodeship on 1 January 1999. It was a stretch of Ustrzyki deposits of oil.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068881-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Polish\u2013Soviet territorial exchange\nPoland gave up part of the Lublin Voivodship, with the cities of Be\u0142z (Ukrainian: \u0411\u0435\u043b\u0437 Belz), Uhn\u00f3w (\u0423\u0433\u043d\u0456\u0432 Uhniv), Krystynopol (\u0427\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434 Chervonohrad) and War\u0119\u017c (\u0412\u0430\u0440\u044f\u0436, Varyazh). All of this territory is now part of the Sokal Raion (\u0421\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043d), Ukraine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068881-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Polish\u2013Soviet territorial exchange\nAfter World War II, the territory of Poland changed dramatically, moving westwards. Poland gained the former German provinces of Silesia and Pomerania, with the eastern part of Brandenburg and the southern part of East Prussia. The eastern border of the country was established roughly along the Curzon Line, leaving Bia\u0142ystok in Poland and Lviv in the Soviet Ukraine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068881-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Polish\u2013Soviet territorial exchange\nThe border of Poland and the Soviet Union, delimited on the 1945 agreement remained almost unchanged until the early 1950s (with a minor correction in 1948, when the village of Medyka near Przemy\u015bl was transferred to Poland). Then, rich deposits of coal were confirmed in the so-called Bug River knee \u2013 Polish postwar territory between the upper Bug and the So\u0142okija River. The Soviet government decided to gain control over this land, which possessed not only coal but also fertile black soil.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 534]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068881-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Polish\u2013Soviet territorial exchange, Negotiations\nThe Government of the People's Republic of Poland formally asked the government of the USSR to exchange a small border section of Poland with an equivalent border section of the territory of the USSR.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068881-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 Polish\u2013Soviet territorial exchange, Negotiations\nIn the political conditions of the time, the USSR's indication of the areas on the Bug and Solokiya was a wish that should have been accepted without discussion. During the negotiations held in Moscow in January and February 1951, both delegations tried to increase the value of the territory as much as possible. Initially, the Russians proposed to replace almost the entire Tomaszowski and Hrubieszowski Poviats along with the bend, remembering the rich forests and oil in the Bieszczady Mountains.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068881-0006-0001", "contents": "1951 Polish\u2013Soviet territorial exchange, Negotiations\nThe deputy minister of foreign affairs at the time was the well-known geographer Stanis\u0142aw Leszczycki, who discreetly advised against such an exchange, reminiscent of a bazaar \"machniom\" rather than a fair transaction. Thus, the Poles rejected the original version of the agreement and, although Leszczycki was dismissed from his post at the end of 1950, the deal was to concern only the knee of the Bug in exchange, for which Poland was about to receive a piece of the Bieszczady Mountains with the only \"metropolis\" Ustrzyki Dolne. The Soviet Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs Lavrentev constantly emphasized that the USSR is giving Poland lands of great natural wealth. He also diminished the significance for the USSR-Ukraine of the railway line from Kovel to Lviv.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 824]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068881-0007-0000", "contents": "1951 Polish\u2013Soviet territorial exchange, Negotiations\nTo the opinion of Polish negotiators about coal resources in this area, the Ukrainian deputy prime minister Korniyets, participating in the talks, replied that the research done at the border gave very poor results. And yet coal was known before the war. Initially, it was established that Poland should pay the difference resulting from a higher valuation of the territory surrendered by the USSR. Polish negotiators did not agree to such a solution, they were faced with the fact that it meant Poland's resignation from Ni\u017cankowice, Dobromyl and Chyr\u00f3w. To Zawadzki's remark that this would cause that the railway line leading to Ustrzyki Dolne, which would be in Poland, would run through the territory of Ukrainian SSR, the Soviet Union did not react at all.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 816]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068881-0008-0000", "contents": "1951 Polish\u2013Soviet territorial exchange, Agreement concerning the exchange\nOn 15 February 1951, the governments of the People's Republic of Poland and the Soviet Union signed a bill that ratified the change of the eastern border of Poland. According to the agreement, Poland transferred to the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic 480\u00a0km2 (185\u00a0sq\u00a0mi) of territory located west of the town of Sokal, which had been located in the Hrubiesz\u00f3w county of the Lublin Voivodeship (together with the towns of Be\u0142z, Krystynopol and Uhn\u00f3w as well as the rail line Rawa Ruska - Krystynopol). These towns are now located in the Sokal Raion of the Lviv Oblast. Several coal mines have been constructed there, and the former town of Krystynopol is now known as Chervonohrad.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 74], "content_span": [75, 759]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068881-0009-0000", "contents": "1951 Polish\u2013Soviet territorial exchange, Agreement concerning the exchange\nAccording to the agreement, all real estate left behind in the exchanged territories, such as infrastructure, buildings, farms, and rail lines, were automatically transferred to the new owner and both sides relinquished all future claims. Moveable goods were allowed to be kept by private individuals under the condition that the owners had to take them when they left. The Polish population of the Sokal area was transferred in May 1951, mainly to the Recovered Territories. The inhabitants of the town of Belz (now, Western Ukraine) settled in Ustrzyki Dolne.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 74], "content_span": [75, 636]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068881-0010-0000", "contents": "1951 Polish\u2013Soviet territorial exchange, Agreement concerning the exchange\nOfficially, the Polish side declared that the exchange took place on Warsaw's initiative. However, in the early 1950s, Poland was de facto ruled by the Soviet Union and all pertinent decisions were made by Joseph Stalin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 74], "content_span": [75, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068881-0011-0000", "contents": "1951 Polish\u2013Soviet territorial exchange, Results\nAs a result of the exchange on the railway route from Zag\u00f3rz to Przemy\u015bl, PKP trains passed through the territory of the USSR-Ukraine. They were closed and escorted by commuters inside with dogs and border guards standing on the steps of the wagons. The idea of obtaining oil resources in that area was quite doubtful. Polish geologists were well aware that the offer referred to small pond resources similar to those in the vicinity of Krosno, Jas\u0142o and Gorlice. They were described quite accurately on geological maps, and production at 85 tons per day did not have a significant impact on the volume of Polish imports of this raw material.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 691]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068881-0012-0000", "contents": "1951 Polish\u2013Soviet territorial exchange, Results\nAlthough the territory ceded to Poland was roughly as large as the territory transferred to the Soviet Union, the land around Ustrzyki Dolne lacked industry, natural resources and fertile soil. On top of that, it was already depopulated during the 1947 Polish-Soviet Operation Vistula. In 1968\u201369, the Polish government of W\u0142adys\u0142aw Gomu\u0142ka completed the hydro-electric Solina Dam, 664\u00a0m (2,178\u00a0ft) long, and 81\u00a0m (266\u00a0ft) high, on the San river, which created Lake Solina. The territory is now part of Bieszczady County (Subcarpathian Voivodeship).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 598]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068881-0013-0000", "contents": "1951 Polish\u2013Soviet territorial exchange, Plans of next exchange\nIn November 1952, the Soviet Union wanted to incorporate a larger territory, 1,300\u00a0km2 (502\u00a0sq\u00a0mi) in size, and inhabited by more than 100,000 people to accommodate Soviet plans to expand its coal industry. Poland would have lost large parts of Hrubiesz\u00f3w and Tomasz\u00f3w counties with town Hrubiesz\u00f3w and would receive part of Drohobych Oblast with town Khyriv (Chyr\u00f3w) and whole railway Przemy\u015bl-Zag\u00f3rz, separated by Polish-Soviet border in 1945. The second exchange was abandoned due to Stalin's death on March 5, 1953, and never realized.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 63], "content_span": [64, 603]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068882-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Pont-Saint-Esprit mass poisoning\nThe 1951 Pont-Saint-Esprit mass poisoning, also known as Le Pain Maudit, was a mass poisoning on 15 August 1951, in the small town of Pont-Saint-Esprit in southern France. More than 250 people were involved, including 50 people interned in asylums and 7 deaths. A foodborne illness was suspected, and among these it was originally believed to be a case of \"cursed bread\" (pain maudit).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068882-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Pont-Saint-Esprit mass poisoning\nA majority of academic sources accept ergot poisoning as the cause of the epidemic, while a few theorize other causes such as poisoning by mercury, mycotoxins, or nitrogen trichloride.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068882-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Pont-Saint-Esprit mass poisoning, Background\nDuring the Vichy government, the supply of grains from field to mill to bakery was directed by the government's grain control board, the Office National Interprofessionnel des C\u00e9r\u00e9ales (ONIC), and later the Union Meuniere. Essentially, this created a government monopoly on the sale of flour, allowing the government a measure of control over wartime supply shortages. This also meant that flour would be purchased directly from ONIC, and delivered to the baker for a set price, without the baker being able to have any control on quality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068882-0002-0001", "contents": "1951 Pont-Saint-Esprit mass poisoning, Background\nFollowing the end of the second world war, this system was relaxed, allowing for bakers to have some choice over their flour supply. ONIC retained its monopoly on inter-departmental exportation and importation. By this system, millers in departments with more supply than demand could sell the excess to ONIC. In practice, this meant that the higher-quality flour would be delivered to local bakers and lower-quality flour would be exported to other departments. Thus, departments with net flour deficits, like the Gard department in which Pont-Saint-Esprit was located, would be supplied with lower-quality flour from other departments via ONIC, with the bakers having virtually no choice of the provenance or quality of their flour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 784]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068882-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Pont-Saint-Esprit mass poisoning, Background, Previous sanitary events\nIn the weeks preceding the outbreak, several villages near Pont-Saint-Esprit reported outbreaks of food poisoning via bread. These outbreaks were all linked to bakeries that made their bread with most if not all of their flour supplied by the mill of Maurice Maillet, in Saint-Martin-la-Riviere. The symptoms reported were milder than those reported in Pont-Saint-Esprit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 75], "content_span": [76, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068882-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Pont-Saint-Esprit mass poisoning, Background, Previous sanitary events\nAt Issirac, at least 20 people reported cutaneous eruptions, diarrhea, vomiting and headaches. Similar symptoms were reported in Laval-Saint-Roman. Multiple families were reported sick in Goudargues and Lamotte-du-Rhone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 75], "content_span": [76, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068882-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Pont-Saint-Esprit mass poisoning, Background, Previous sanitary events\nIn Connaux, the town\u2019s baker received reports from his clients that they believed his bread was causing violent diarrhea. He reported that his family, as well as himself, were all suffering from the same afflictions. The baker was quick to blame his flour, which he described as \u201cbad, forming a sticky dough with acid fermentation\u201d and which made gray and sticky bread.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 75], "content_span": [76, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068882-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 Pont-Saint-Esprit mass poisoning, Background, Previous sanitary events\nIn Saint-Genies-de-Comolas, the town\u2019s mayor was alerted by one of the town\u2019s two bakers that he received flour that was gray and full of worms. The mayor banned making bread with that flour, and referred the situation to the region's prefect, as well as to the driver that delivered the flour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 75], "content_span": [76, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068882-0007-0000", "contents": "1951 Pont-Saint-Esprit mass poisoning, Background, Previous sanitary events\nThe delivery driver, Jean Bousquet, sent the prefect a copy of a remark made to his employer, the miller\u2019s union in Nimes, on 9 August. The note said that \u201calmost every baker of Centre de Bagnols/C\u00e8ze has complained of the quality of the flour provided by Mr. Maillet\u201d. Following the incident at Connaux, Bousquet requested immediate written instructions from his employer regarding the situation. On the 13th of August, he requested that samples be taken to determine if the flour was contaminated. During this period, 42 bakers complained of the flour delivered by Bousquet.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 75], "content_span": [76, 652]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068882-0008-0000", "contents": "1951 Pont-Saint-Esprit mass poisoning, Mass poisoning\nOn 16 August 1951, the local offices of the town's two doctors filled with patients reporting similar food poisoning symptoms; nausea, vomiting, cold chills, heat waves. These symptoms eventually worsened, with added hallucinatory crises and convulsions. The situation in the town deteriorated in the following days. On the night of 24 August, a man believed himself to be an airplane and died by jumping from a second-story window and across town, an 11-year old boy tried to strangle his mother. One of the town's two doctors would name the night nuit d'apocalypse; apocalyptic night.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 53], "content_span": [54, 640]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068882-0009-0000", "contents": "1951 Pont-Saint-Esprit mass poisoning, Mass poisoning, Epidemiological investigation\nDoctors Vieu and Gabbai investigated the epidemiology of the disease. On 19 August, they came to the conclusion that bread was to blame; all patients interrogated had purchased their bread at the Briand bakery in Pont-Saint-Esprit. In a family from a neighboring village four of whose nine members fell ill, all members who ate bread from the Briand bakery fell ill, whereas none of the others who ate bread from another bakery did. Another family shared a loaf of Briand\u2019s bread among five of its seven members, the others preferring biscottes, with only the five falling ill.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 84], "content_span": [85, 662]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068882-0010-0000", "contents": "1951 Pont-Saint-Esprit mass poisoning, Mass poisoning, Epidemiological investigation\nOn the morning of the 20th, the health service, the prefecture, the prosecutor of the Republic and the police were notified. Roch Briand was interrogated, and the sickness in the town was blamed on his bread.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 84], "content_span": [85, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068882-0011-0000", "contents": "1951 Pont-Saint-Esprit mass poisoning, Criminal investigation\nThe police investigation would eventually center on the second of three batches of bread made at Briand's bakery on the day of 16 August. The flour composition of each batch varied, as having run out of flour during the preparation of the second batch, Briand had borrowed flour from two other local bakers, Jaussent and Fallavet. Briand\u2019s assistant stated that when he picked up flour from Jaussent, the baker was out ill, and that he took the flour from his assistant instead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 61], "content_span": [62, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068882-0012-0000", "contents": "1951 Pont-Saint-Esprit mass poisoning, Criminal investigation\nBoth Briand and his assistant agreed that the first batch was constituted of the previous day\u2019s flour mixed with flour borrowed from Jaussent. They disagreed on the second and third batches. Whereas Briand stated that the second was made with Jaussent\u2019s flour and the third with Fallavet\u2019s flour, the assistant stated that both latter batches were made with a mix of the two.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 61], "content_span": [62, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068882-0013-0000", "contents": "1951 Pont-Saint-Esprit mass poisoning, Criminal investigation\nThe investigation led police to interrogate many of the town\u2019s residents, who gave inconsistent ratings of Briand\u2019s tainted batch. Some reported that the taste was perfectly normal, while others reported chemical smells (one described an odor of gasoline, another of bleach). Some reported that the bread looked normal, while others stated that its appearance was grayish.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 61], "content_span": [62, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068882-0014-0000", "contents": "1951 Pont-Saint-Esprit mass poisoning, Criminal investigation, Inquiry\nOn the 23rd of August, a judge of inquiry opened a formal investigation, and tasked commissaire Georges Sigaud with finding the cause of the mass poisoning event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 70], "content_span": [71, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068882-0015-0000", "contents": "1951 Pont-Saint-Esprit mass poisoning, Criminal investigation, Inquiry\nThe tainted bread made by Briand was made with only four ingredients: flour, yeast, water and salt. All of the ingredients but the flour could be easily discounted as sources of the illness. The water used to make the bread was from a municipal source, the same that also supplied the rest of the village. Both the salt and the yeast used by Briand were sourced from the same suppliers as all other bakers in the region, and subsequent testing of the supplies found no toxicity.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 70], "content_span": [71, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068882-0016-0000", "contents": "1951 Pont-Saint-Esprit mass poisoning, Criminal investigation, Inquiry\nThe investigation of the provenance of the flour led Sigaud to the UM-Gard flour distribution centre, in Bagnols-sur-C\u00e8ze. The chief of the distribution network, Jean Bousquet, stated that since the end of July, the vast majority of the flour supplying the region was from two mills; one in Ch\u00e2tillon-sur-Indre, and the other being the mill of Maurice Maillet in Saint-Martin-la-Rivi\u00e8re, the latter of which was the subject of numerous complaints about the quality of its flour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 70], "content_span": [71, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068882-0017-0000", "contents": "1951 Pont-Saint-Esprit mass poisoning, Criminal investigation, Maurice Maillet\nIn an interrogation that lasted multiple hours, Maurice Maillet denied mixing rye (which is highly susceptible to ergot) into his flour, opting instead to cut his product with 2% of bean flour. This was unusual, given that owing to a shortage of wheat, ONIC had mandated that rye flour be mixed in. However, in the Vienne department, rye of good quality was often more expensive than wheat, and accordingly, bean flour was authorised by ONIC as a replacement.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 78], "content_span": [79, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068882-0018-0000", "contents": "1951 Pont-Saint-Esprit mass poisoning, Criminal investigation, Maurice Maillet\nDespite this, it came to light that the supply of grains to be milled for export was sometimes mixed with grains milled in an informal agreement called \u00e9changisme. Under this type of agreement, often practiced at the time, a farmer would bring a baker grain he grew himself in exchange for bread that would later be made with his grain. The baker would bring the grain to the miller, who would mill it. The miller and baker would each take a cut for sale.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 78], "content_span": [79, 534]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068882-0019-0000", "contents": "1951 Pont-Saint-Esprit mass poisoning, Criminal investigation, Maurice Maillet\nDuring the interrogation, Maillet admitted that he had made a deal with a baker, Guy Bru\u00e8re, who had brought in bags to be milled. Since this was near the end of the season, the bags were filled with leftover grain that sometimes contained a high proportion of rye. The rye was not the only problem with the flour, as the miller also noted the presence of weevils, mites and dust. The baker was concerned that he would lose business should he refuse the grain on the basis of quality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 78], "content_span": [79, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068882-0019-0001", "contents": "1951 Pont-Saint-Esprit mass poisoning, Criminal investigation, Maurice Maillet\nDespite the miller having noticed the low quality of the grains, he agreed to exchange the grain for a lower quantity of flour already milled from grain marked for export. Given that the quantity of lower-quality grain was much lower than that of the grain for export, the miller thought that it would be possible to mix it all without reducing the overall quality of the flour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 78], "content_span": [79, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068882-0020-0000", "contents": "1951 Pont-Saint-Esprit mass poisoning, Arrests and trial\nOn August 31, around 14:30, Sigaud addressed the media, announcing the arrests of Maillet and Bru\u00e8re for involuntary manslaughter and involuntary injuries arising from their negligence in trading improper flour. Further arrests were made in the following days: an employee of Maillet, Andr\u00e9 Bertrand, was arrested, but released on bail as he was the head of a family of nine whose wife was about to give birth. The owners of the bakery at which Bru\u00e8re was employed, Clothaire and Denise Audidier, were also arrested for infractions of fiscal legislation and of legislation governing wheat and flour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 56], "content_span": [57, 656]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068882-0021-0000", "contents": "1951 Pont-Saint-Esprit mass poisoning, Scientific publishing\nShortly after the incident, in September 1951, Dr. Gabbai and colleagues published a paper in the British Medical Journal declaring that \"the outbreak of poisoning\" was produced by ergot fungus. The victims appeared to have one common connection. They had eaten bread from the bakery of Roch Briand, who was subsequently blamed for having used flour made from contaminated rye. Animals who had eaten the bread were also found to have perished. According to reports at the time, the flour had been contaminated by the fungus Claviceps purpurea (ergot), which produces alkaloids that are structurally similar to the hallucinogenic drug lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 60], "content_span": [61, 728]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068882-0022-0000", "contents": "1951 Pont-Saint-Esprit mass poisoning, Other theories\nLater investigations suggested mercury poisoning due to the use of Panogen or other fungicides to treat grain and seeds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 53], "content_span": [54, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068882-0023-0000", "contents": "1951 Pont-Saint-Esprit mass poisoning, Other theories\nThis type of contamination was considered owing to the presence of fluorescent stains on the outside of some used empty flour bags returned to the distributor. Panogen was sold containing a red colorant as a safety measure, to ensure that seeds coated with it would be used only for planting. Subsequent scientific tests showed that this coloring would not penetrate flour bags but that the active ingredient could do so. This would allow contamination of the flour, but it would appear to be limited to the bags.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 53], "content_span": [54, 567]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068882-0023-0001", "contents": "1951 Pont-Saint-Esprit mass poisoning, Other theories\nFurther testing showed that if bread were to be baked using Panogen-contaminated flour, the rising of the bread could be partially or totally inhibited, depending on the concentration. This hypothesis was considered thoroughly in a French civil trial arising from the accident, with the contamination mechanism being a train wagon carrying flour that could have previously carried concentrated cylinders of Panogen intended for agricultural uses. It was later discovered that pre-treating the seeds in Panogen could lead to mercury accumulation in the plants growing from those seeds. For this reason, Panogen, made by a Swedish company, was banned in Sweden in 1966. A revised version of the ban, in 1970, would prohibit the exportation of Panogen, leading to its removal from the market.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 53], "content_span": [54, 843]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068882-0024-0000", "contents": "1951 Pont-Saint-Esprit mass poisoning, Other theories\nIn 1982, a French researcher suggested Aspergillus fumigatus, a toxic fungus produced in grain silos, as a potential culprit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 53], "content_span": [54, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068882-0025-0000", "contents": "1951 Pont-Saint-Esprit mass poisoning, Other theories\nHistorian Steven Kaplan's 2008 book, Le Pain Maudit argues that the poisoning might have been caused by nitrogen trichloride used to artificially (and illegally) bleach flour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 53], "content_span": [54, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068882-0026-0000", "contents": "1951 Pont-Saint-Esprit mass poisoning, Other theories, Conspiracy theory\nIn his 2009 book, A Terrible Mistake, author Hank P. Albarelli Jr originated a conspiracy theory claiming that the Special Operations Division of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) tested the use of LSD on the population of Pont-Saint-Esprit as part of its MKNAOMI biological warfare program in a field test called \"Project SPAN\". Historian Steven Kaplan called Albarelli's theory \u201charebrained\u201d and \"clinically incoherent\", noting that LSD does not cause the digestive ailments and effects reported by the townspeople, and typically takes effect in just a few hours, whereas the inhabitants showed symptoms only after 36 hours or more.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 72], "content_span": [73, 711]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068882-0027-0000", "contents": "1951 Pont-Saint-Esprit mass poisoning, In popular culture\nBarbara Comyns wrote her third novel, Who Was Changed and Who Was Dead (1954), after reading about the poisoning.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 57], "content_span": [58, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068883-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Portuguese presidential election\nThe Portuguese presidential election, 1951 was held on 22 July, five years earlier than scheduled due to the death of President \u00d3scar Carmona on 18 April 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068883-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Portuguese presidential election\nFrancisco Craveiro Lopes won the election unopposed after Manuel Quint\u00e3o Meireles withdrew, while Rui Lu\u00eds Gomes was removed from the ballot after being declared a communist by the Salazar dictatorship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068884-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Preakness Stakes\nThe 1951 Preakness Stakes was the 76th running of the $110,245 Preakness Stakes horse race for three-year-old Thoroughbreds. The second leg of the U.S. Triple Crown series, the event took place on May 19, 1951. Owned by Isabel Dodge Sloane's Brookmeade Stable and ridden by future U.S. Racing Hall of Fame inductee, Eddie Arcaro, Bold easily won the race by seven lengths over runner-up Counterpoint. The race was run on a track rated fast in a final time of 1:56 2/5.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068884-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Preakness Stakes\nFor jockey Arcaro, the win was a record fourth time he had won the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068885-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Prime Minister's Resignation Honours\nThe 1951 Prime Minister's Resignation Honours were officially announced in a supplement to the London Gazette of 27 November 1951, published on 30 November 1951, to mark the resignation of the Prime Minister, Clement Attlee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068886-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Primera Divisi\u00f3n de Chile\nThe 1951 Campeonato Nacional de F\u00fatbol Profesional was Chilean first tier\u2019s 19th season. Uni\u00f3n Espa\u00f1ola was the tournament\u2019s champion, winning its second title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068887-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Prince Edward Island general election\nThe 1951 Prince Edward Island general election was held in the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island on April 26, 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068887-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Prince Edward Island general election\nThe governing Liberals of Premier J. Walter Jones held on to their majority in the Legislature over the opposition Progressive Conservatives led by Reginald Bell, who was elected leader of the party in 1950. Both parties kept the same number of seats they earned in the previous election, though eight seats did change hands.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068887-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Prince Edward Island general election\nThe democratic socialist Co-operative Commonwealth Federation fell back from their previous high in 1947, losing over half of their vote. This would be the last election contested by the CCF or any third party in provincial PEI elections until the CCF's successor, the New Democratic Party, ran in by-elections in 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068887-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Prince Edward Island general election\nThis election featured the first female candidate for office, Hilda Ramsay, who came in third while running for the CCF as Councillor in 3rd Prince.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068887-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Prince Edward Island general election, Members Elected\nThe Legislature of Prince Edward Island had two levels of membership from 1893 to 1996 - Assemblymen and Councillors. This was a holdover from when the Island had a bicameral legislature, the General Assembly and the Legislative Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 59], "content_span": [60, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068887-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Prince Edward Island general election, Members Elected\nIn 1893, the Legislative Council was abolished and had its membership merged with the Assembly, though the two titles remained separate and were elected by different electoral franchises. Assembleymen were elected by all eligible voters of within a district, while Councillors were only elected by landowners within a district.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 59], "content_span": [60, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068888-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Princeton Tigers baseball team\nThe 1951 Princeton Tigers baseball team represented Princeton University in the 1951 NCAA baseball season. The Tigers played their home games at Bill Clarke Field. The team was coached by Emerson Dickman serving his 3rd year at Princeton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068888-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Princeton Tigers baseball team\nThe Tigers won the Eastern Intercollegiate Baseball League championship and advanced to the College World Series, where they were defeated by the Tennessee Volunteers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068889-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Princeton Tigers football team\nThe 1951 Princeton Tigers football team represented Princeton University in the 1951 college football season. The team was considered the best in the East, winning the Lambert-Meadowlands Trophy, and was ranked sixth nationally. Dick Kazmaier won the Heisman Trophy and was the nation's total offense leader in his senior year as well as the most accurate passer in the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068889-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Princeton Tigers football team, Team players drafted into the NFL\nThe following players were drafted into professional football following the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 70], "content_span": [71, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068890-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Pro Bowl\nThe 1951 Pro Bowl was the National Football League's inaugural Pro Bowl which featured the league's outstanding performers from the 1950 season. The game was played on Sunday, January 14, 1951, at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum in Los Angeles, California in front of 53,676 fans. The American Conference squad defeated the National Conference by a score of 28\u201327. The player were selected by a vote of each conferences coaches along with the sports editors of the newspapers in the Los Angeles area, where the game was contested.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068890-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Pro Bowl\nThe National team was led by the Los Angeles Rams' Joe Stydahar while Paul Brown of the Cleveland Browns coached the American stars. The same two coaches had faced each other three weeks earlier in the 1950 NFL Championship Game in which Brown's team had also defeated Stydahar's. Both coaches employed the T formation offense in the Pro Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068890-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Pro Bowl\nCleveland Browns quarterback Otto Graham was named the game's outstanding player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 95]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068890-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Pro Bowl, Rosters\nThe 31-man Pro Bowl squads consisted of the following players:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 22], "content_span": [23, 85]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068890-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Pro Bowl, Number of selections by team\nNote: these numbers include players selected to the team but unable to play as well as replacements for these players, so there are more than 31 players in each conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 43], "content_span": [44, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068891-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Puerto Rican Constitutional Convention election\nA special election was held in Puerto Rico in 1951. These were organized to select the delegates of that would participate in the Constitutional Convention held the same year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068892-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Puerto Rican Law 600 referendum\nA referendum on (United States) Public Law 81-600, granting improved self-government, was held in Puerto Rico on 4 June 1951. It was approved by 76.5% of voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068893-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Pulitzer Prize\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Toohool (talk | contribs) at 04:08, 17 August 2020 (\u2192\u200eJournalism awards:  copyedit). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068894-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Purdue Boilermakers football team\nThe 1951 Purdue Boilermakers football team was an American football team that represented Purdue University during the 1951 Big Ten Conference football season. In their fifth season under head coach Stu Holcomb, the Boilermakers compiled a 5\u20134 record, finished in second place in the Big Ten Conference with a 4\u20131 record against conference opponents, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 153 to 152.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068894-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Purdue Boilermakers football team\nNotable players on the 1951 Purdue team included quarterback Dale Samuels and end Leo Sugar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068895-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Railway Cup Hurling Championship\nThe 1951 Railway Cup Hurling Championship was the 25th series of the inter-provincial hurling Railway Cup. Three matches were played between 18 February 1951 and 17 March 1951 to decide the title. It was contested by Connacht, Leinster, Munster and Ulster.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068895-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Railway Cup Hurling Championship\nOn 17 March 1951, Munster won the Railway Cup after a 4-09 to 3-06 defeat of Leinster in the final at Croke Park, Dublin. It was their 19th Railway Cup title overall and their fourth title in succession.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068895-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Railway Cup Hurling Championship\nLeinster's Shem Downey was the Railway Cup top scorer with 5-02.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068896-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Redex 100\nThe 1951 Redex 100 was a motor race staged at the Mount Panorama Circuit, Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia on 26 March 1951. It was held over 26 laps, a total distance of approximately 100 miles  (161\u00a0km). The race was contested on a handicap basis with the first car starting 11 minutes and 30 seconds minutes before the last car.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068896-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Redex 100\nThe race was won by F.W. Pratley driving a Monoskate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 68]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068897-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Rhineland-Palatinate state election\nThe Rhineland-Palatinate state election, 1951 was conducted on 29 April 1951 to elect members to the Landtag, the state legislature of Rhineland-Palatinate, West Germany.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068897-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Rhineland-Palatinate state election\nThis German elections-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068898-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Rhode Island Rams football team\nThe 1951 Rhode Island Rams football team was an American football team that represented the University of Rhode Island as a member of the Yankee Conference during the 1951 college football season. In its first and only season under head coach Ed Doherty, the team compiled a 3\u20135 record (1\u20133 against conference opponents), finished in fifth place out of six teams in the Yankee Conference, and was outscored by a total of 133 to 130. The team played its home games at Meade Stadium in Kingston, Rhode Island.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068899-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Rice Owls football team\nThe 1951 Rice Owls football team represented Rice University during the 1951 college football season. The Owls were led by 12th-year head coach Jess Neely and played their home games at  Rice Stadium in Houston, Texas. The team competed as members of the Southwest Conference, finishing tied for third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068900-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Richmond Trophy\nThe 1951 Richmond Trophy was a non-championship Formula One motor race held at the Goodwood Circuit on 26 March 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068901-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Ringway Dakota crash\nOn 27 March 1951 a Douglas Dakota 3 cargo aircraft registered G-AJVZ operated by Air Transport Charter en route from Ringway Airport, Manchester, England, to Nutts Corner Airport, Antrim, Northern Ireland, crashed shortly after takeoff following the failure of the aircraft to gain height. There were two fatalities amongst the crew on board.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068901-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Ringway Dakota crash, Accident\nThe Dakota was operating a flight carrying newspapers from Ringway to Nutts Corner. On takeoff from Runway 06 in freezing conditions and light falling snow, it swung to port, failed to climb, and struck the top of a tree in Woodhouse Lane, close to the hamlet of Heyhead, half a mile from the end of the runway. Both pilots were killed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 35], "content_span": [36, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068901-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Ringway Dakota crash, Conclusion\nThe subsequent investigation found that the crash resulted from a loss of engine power caused by ice formation in the carburettor intakes attributable to the captain's failure to make use of the heat controls. The extended undercarriage and the presence of snow on the wings may have also been contributory factors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 37], "content_span": [38, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068902-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Roller Hockey World Cup\nThe 1951 Roller Hockey World Cup was the seventh roller hockey world cup, organized by the F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale de Patinage a Roulettes (now under the name of F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale de Roller Sports). It was contested by 11 national teams (all from Europe) and it is also considered the 1951 European Roller Hockey Championship. All the games were played in the city of Barcelona, in Spain, the chosen city to host the World Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068903-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Rose Bowl\nThe 1951 Rose Bowl was the 37th edition of the college football bowl game, played at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California on Monday, January 1. The ninth-ranked Michigan Wolverines, champions of the Big Ten Conference, defeated the California Golden Bears, champions of the Pacific Coast Conference, 14\u20136.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068903-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Rose Bowl\nMichigan fullback Don Dufek scored two touchdowns in the fourth quarter and was named the  Player of the Game. With a record of 9\u20130\u20131, the Golden Bears were ranked fourth in the nation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068903-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Rose Bowl\nIt was the Big Ten's fifth consecutive win in the Rose Bowl, and California's third straight loss.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068903-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Rose Bowl, Teams, Michigan Wolverines\nMichigan upset rival Ohio State 9\u20133 in the notorious Snow Bowl game, played in 21 inches (53\u00a0cm) of snow in Columbus.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 42], "content_span": [43, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068903-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Rose Bowl, Teams, California Golden Bears\nThis was California's third consecutive trip to the Rose Bowl and were slightly favored. Pete Schabarum broke a 77-yard run on the second play of the game, but a backfield-in-motion penalty nullified the score to stop the Cal momentum.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 46], "content_span": [47, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068903-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Rose Bowl, Aftermath\nAfter this third consecutive loss by California, the Pacific Coast Conference enacted a \"no-repeat\" rule, similar to the Big Ten's. Future teams affected were UCLA in 1955 and Oregon State in 1958, and both resulted in wins for the Big Ten. With the PCC's dissoultion in the spring of 1959, the succeeding AAWU (Big\u00a0Five) abolished that rule, and  Washington won the next two Rose Bowls in 1960 and\u00a01961.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 25], "content_span": [26, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068903-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 Rose Bowl, Aftermath\nAlthough Minnesota appeared in consecutive Rose Bowls in 1961 and 1962, (both as \"at-large\" invitations, the latter after champion Ohio State declined), the Big Ten kept its rule until the early 1970s; the last team affected was Michigan\u00a0State in\u00a01967, when runner-up Purdue edged unranked USC by a\u00a0point. The first Big Ten team to make a repeat appearance in the 1970s was Ohio State in 1974, the conference's only win in Pasadena that decade.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 25], "content_span": [26, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068904-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Rutgers Queensmen football team\nThe 1951 Rutgers Queensmen football team represented Rutgers University in the 1951 college football season. In their 10th season under head coach Harvey Harman, the Queensemen compiled a 4\u20134 record and outscored their opponents 184 to 114.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068905-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Ryder Cup\nThe 9th Ryder Cup Matches were held November 2\u20134, 1951 at Course No. 2 of the Pinehurst Resort in Pinehurst, North Carolina. The United States team won their fifth consecutive competition by a score of 91\u20442 to 21\u20442 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068905-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Ryder Cup\nThe two-day competition was held on Friday and Sunday; Saturday was an off day so that the participants (and spectators) could attend a college football game in Chapel Hill, about 70 miles (110\u00a0km) northeast. North Carolina hosted top-ranked Tennessee and the visiting Volunteers won in a rout, 27-0.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068905-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Ryder Cup\nCourse No. 2, designed by Donald Ross, was set at 7,007 yards (6,407\u00a0m) for this Ryder Cup. It later hosted the U.S. Open in 1999, 2005, and 2014.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068905-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Ryder Cup, Format\nThe Ryder Cup is a match play event, with each match worth one point. From 1927 through 1959, the format consisted of 4 foursome (alternate shot) matches on the first day and 8 singles matches on the second day, for a total of 12 points. Therefore, 6\u00bd points were required to win the Cup. All matches were played to a maximum of 36 holes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068905-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Ryder Cup, Teams\nThis was the second and final Ryder Cup for Ben Hogan as a competitor, following 1947. Although he won three majors in 1953, he declined to participate on that year's team. Hogan was a non-playing captain in 1949 and 1967.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 21], "content_span": [22, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068905-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Ryder Cup, Teams\nIn April 1951 the British P.G.A. appointed Arthur Lacey as non-playing captain and chose a selection committee of four which included Lacey and Bill Cox. In late-July eight players were selected: Bousfield, Daly, Faulkner, Hargreaves, Lees, Panton, Rees and Ward. The remaining two places were to be selected after the News of the World Match Play. The final two places were later given to Weetman and Adams, the finalists in the News of the World Match Play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 21], "content_span": [22, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068905-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 Ryder Cup, Friday's foursome matches\n18 hole scores: Heafner/Burke: 2 up, Ward/Lees: 3 up, Snead/Mangrum: 5 up, Hogan/Demaret: 3 up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 41], "content_span": [42, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068905-0007-0000", "contents": "1951 Ryder Cup, Sunday's singles matches\n18 hole scores: Burke: 6 up, Rees: 1 up, Heafner: 3 up, Mangrum: 6 up, Lees: 2 up, Hogan: 2 up, Alexander: 5 up, Snead: 4 up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 40], "content_span": [41, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068905-0008-0000", "contents": "1951 Ryder Cup, Individual player records\nEach entry refers to the Win\u2013Loss\u2013Half record of the player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 41], "content_span": [42, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068906-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 SANFL Grand Final\nThe 1951 SANFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football championship match. Port Adelaide beat North Adelaide 72 to 61.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068907-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 SANFL season\nThe 1951 South Australian National Football League season was the 72nd season of the top-level Australian rules football competition in South Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068908-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 SCCA National Sports Car Championship\nThe 1951 SCCA National Sports Car Championship season was the first season of the Sports Car Club of America's National Sports Car Championship. It began May 12, 1951, and ended December 9, 1951, after eight races. John Fitch won the season championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068908-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 SCCA National Sports Car Championship, Season results\nNote: Although support races counted towards the season points championship, only feature race overall winners are listed below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 58], "content_span": [59, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068909-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 SEC Men's Basketball Tournament\nThe 1951 SEC Men's Basketball Tournament took place March 1\u20133, 1951 in Louisville, Kentucky at the Jefferson County Armory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068909-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 SEC Men's Basketball Tournament\nThe Vanderbilt Commodores won the tournament championship game by beating the Kentucky Wildcats, 61\u201357. The Commodores season came to a close after the win, while Kentucky would go on to win the 16-team 1951 NCAA Tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068910-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Saga gubernatorial election\nA gubernatorial election was held on 30 April 1951 to elect the Governor of Saga Prefecture. Incumbent Gen'ichi Okimori lost the election to Naotsugu Nabeshima, who subsequently became his successor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068911-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Saint Lucian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Saint Lucia on 12 October 1951. The result was a victory for the Saint Lucia Labour Party, which won five of the eight seats. Voter turnout was 59.1%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068912-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Salad Bowl\nThe 1951 Salad Bowl was a college football postseason bowl game between the Arizona State Sun Devils and the Miami Redskins.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068912-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Salad Bowl, Background\nThe Sun Devils were making their fourth bowl appearance in 11 years, and 2nd straight Salad Bowl after a 2nd place finish in the Border Intercollegiate Athletic Association Miami was making their second bowl appearance in three years after being champion of the Mid-American Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 27], "content_span": [28, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068912-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Salad Bowl, Game summary\nA fierce Miami defense held Arizona State All-American Wilford White to 106 yards rushing as for the fourth time the visiting team won the Salad Bowl. White was held to his second-lowest rushing total of the season, though he did rush for one touchdown and also caught a touchdown. But Miami had a 21\u20137 halftime lead, as the Sun Devils could only muster 14 points to Miami's 13 in the second half. A balanced offensive attack led the way for Miami, who became the third straight visiting team to win the Salad Bowl. John Pont got the scoring started with a touchdown run in the first quarter. Jim Bailey had 108 yards rushing and two touchdowns while quarterback Nobby Wirkowski completed 16 of 24 passes for 231 yards and one touchdown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 29], "content_span": [30, 767]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068912-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Salad Bowl, Aftermath\nThe Redskins (later renamed the RedHawks) would wait 11 years to play in another bowl game. The Sun Devils would wait longer, until 1970. Doherty left the Sun Devils after the game, citing job security. Hayes also left, for Ohio State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 26], "content_span": [27, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068913-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Sammarinese general election\nGeneral elections were held in San Marino on 16 September 1951. The Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party emerged as the largest single party, winning 26 of the 60 seats in the Grand and General Council. However, the Committee of Freedom alliance held a majority of 31 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068913-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Sammarinese general election, Electoral system\nVoters had to be citizens of San Marino, male and at least 24 years old.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 51], "content_span": [52, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068914-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 San Diego State Aztecs football team\nThe 1951 San Diego State Aztecs football team represented San Diego State College during the 1951 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068914-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 San Diego State Aztecs football team\nSan Diego State competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA). The team was led by fifth-year head coach Bill Schutte, and played home games at both Aztec Bowl and Balboa Stadium. They finished the season undefeated, with ten wins, no losses and one tie (10\u20130\u20131, 4\u20130 CCAA). Overall, the team was dominant in nearly every game, outscoring its opponents 386\u2013133 for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068914-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 San Diego State Aztecs football team\nAt the end of the regular season, the Aztecs were invited to the Pineapple Bowl in Hawaii. On January 1, 1952, they defeated the Hawaii Rainbows, 34\u201313.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068914-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 San Diego State Aztecs football team, Team players in the NFL\nThe following San Diego State players were selected in the 1952 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 66], "content_span": [67, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068915-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 San Diego mayoral election\nThe 1951 San Diego mayoral election was held on April 17, 1951 to elect the mayor for San Diego. Incumbent mayor Harley E. Knox did not stand for reelection. In the primary election, Gerald C. Crary and John D. Butler received the most votes and advanced to a runoff election. Butler was then elected mayor with a majority of the votes in the runoff.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068915-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 San Diego mayoral election, Campaign\nIncumbent Mayor Harley E. Knox chose not stand for reelection on the advice of his physician. On March 13, 1951, Gerald C. Crary came first in the primary election with 33.5 percent of the vote, followed by John D. Butler with 25.9 percent. Because no candidate received a majority of the vote, Crary and Butler advanced to a runoff election. On April 17, 1951, Butler received 59.6 percent of the vote in the runoff and was elected to the office of the mayor. Butler was the youngest mayor to have been elected as well as the first to be born in San Diego.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 41], "content_span": [42, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068916-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 San Francisco 49ers season\nThe 1951 San Francisco 49ers season was the franchise's 2nd season in the National Football League and their 6th overall. The team was coming off a 3\u20139 record in 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068916-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 San Francisco 49ers season\nThe 49ers would win their first ever NFL road game on October 14 against the Pittsburgh Steelers, after losing their first 7 in the league. The Niners would be in playoff contention all year long, finishing 7\u20134\u20131, just a half game out of first place in the National Conference. Their biggest win of the season was a 44\u201317 victory over their California rivals, the Los Angeles Rams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 413]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068916-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 San Francisco 49ers season\nFrankie Albert and Y. A. Tittle would split time at quarterback, with Albert throwing for 1,116 yards, while Tittle would lead the club with 8 TD's and completing 55.3% of his passes. Joe Perry would once again lead the team in rushing with 677 yards and 3 TD's, and wide receiver Gordie Soltau would lead the club with 59 catches for 826 yards and 7 TD's.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068916-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 San Francisco 49ers season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 42], "content_span": [43, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068917-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 San Francisco Dons football team\nThe 1951 San Francisco Dons football team was an American football team that represented the University of San Francisco as an independent during the 1951 college football season. In their fourth season under head coach Joe Kuharich, the Dons compiled a 9\u20130 record, outscored opponents by a total of 338 to 86, and were ranked No. 14 in the final AP Poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068917-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 San Francisco Dons football team\nFour players from the team went on to successful careers in the National Football League: Gino Marchetti, Ollie Matson, Bob St. Clair, and Red Stephens. The Dons were invited to play in the 1952 Orange Bowl on the condition that the team's African-American stars Matson and Burl Toler would not play. The Dons refused the offer. The 1951 Dons, and their fight for racial equality, were the subject of the 2014 documentary '51 Dons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068917-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 San Francisco Dons football team\nTwo days after the final game of the 1951 season, the University of San Francisco disbanded its football program.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068918-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 San Francisco State Gators football team\nThe 1951 San Francisco State Gators football team represented San Francisco State College during the 1951 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068918-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 San Francisco State Gators football team\nSan Francisco State competed in the Far Western Conference (FWC). The Gators were led by second-year head coach Joe Verducci. They played home games at Cox Stadium in San Francisco, California. The team finished the season with a record of eight wins and two losses (8\u20132, 2\u20130 FWC). For the season the team outscored its opponents 246\u2013167.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068918-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 San Francisco State Gators football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo San Francisco State players were selected in the 1952 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 70], "content_span": [71, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068918-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 San Francisco State Gators football team, Team players in the NFL\nThe following finished their college career in 1951, were not drafted, but played in the NFL.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 70], "content_span": [71, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068919-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 San Jose State Spartans football team\nThe 1951 San Jose State Spartans football team represented San Jose State College during the 1951 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068919-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 San Jose State Spartans football team\nSan Jose State played as an Independent in 1951. The team was led by second-year head coach Bob Bronzan and played home games at Spartan Stadium in San Jose, California. They finished the season with a record of two wins, seven losses and one tie (2\u20137\u20131). Overall, the team was outscored by its opponents 106\u2013222 for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068919-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 San Jose State Spartans football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo San Jose State players were selected in the 1952 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 67], "content_span": [68, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068919-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 San Jose State Spartans football team, Team players in the NFL\nThe following finished their San Jose State career in 1951, were not drafted, but played in the NFL.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 67], "content_span": [68, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068920-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 San Remo Grand Prix\nThe 1951 San Remo Grand Prix was a non-Championship Formula One motor race held on 22 April 1951 at the Autodromo di Ospedaletti, in San Remo, Liguria, Italy. It was the fourth race of the 1951 Formula One season. The 90-lap race was won by Ferrari driver Alberto Ascari, starting from pole position. Dorino Serafini finished second in a Ferrari and Rudi Fischer third, also in a Ferrari. All cars were 1.5-litre s/c F1 or 4.5-litre F1\u2020 unless noted (F2). During practice, Claes crashed his Talbot after a brake pipe broke \u2013 and several spectators were killed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 585]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068921-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Santa Barbara Gauchos football team\nThe 1951 UC Santa Barbara Gauchos football team represented Santa Barbara College during the 1951 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068921-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Santa Barbara Gauchos football team\nSanta Barbara competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA). The team was led by third-year head coach Roy Engle and played home games at La Playa Stadium in Santa Barbara, California. They finished the season with a record of five wins and four losses (5\u20134, 1\u20133 CCAA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068921-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Santa Barbara Gauchos football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Santa Barbara Gaucho players were selected in the 1952 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 65], "content_span": [66, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068922-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Santa Clara Broncos football team\nThe 1951 Santa Clara Broncos football team was an American football team that represented Santa Clara University during the 1951 college football season. In their second season under head coach Richard F. Gallagher, the Broncos compiled a 3\u20135\u20131 record and were outscored by opponents by a combined total of 234 to 140.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068923-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Santos FC season\nThe 1951 season was the fortieth season for Santos FC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 76]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068924-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Scottish Grand Prix\nThe 1951 Scottish Grand Prix was a 50 lap 100-mile (160\u00a0km) motor race held on 21 July 1951 at Winfield Airfield (disused) in Berwickshire. Although run to Formula One regulations, the race featured Jaguar XK120s and BMW 328s. Reg Parnell's BRM broke a drive shaft as he left the start line and the race, over 100 miles, was led briefly by Archie Butterworth's 4WD A.J.B. before David Murray took over with a Maserati 4CLT. Joe Kelly's Alta challenged but retired. Murray retired with fuel pump problems and Philip Fotheringham-Parker took the lead in Duncan Hamilton's Maserati 4CL, chased home by Gillie Tyrer's BMW 328. Ian Stewart was third in an XK120.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 682]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068925-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Scottish League Cup Final\nThe 1951 Scottish League Cup Final was played on 27 October 1951, at Hampden Park in Glasgow and was the final of the sixth Scottish League Cup competition. The final was contested by Dundee and Rangers. Dundee won the match 3\u20132, thanks to goals by Alf Boyd, Bobby Flavell and Johnny Pattillo.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068926-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n Peruana\nThe 1951 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n Peruana, the second division of Peruvian football (soccer), was played by 10 teams. The tournament winner, Association Chorrillos was promoted to the Primera Divisi\u00f3n Peruana 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068927-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Seychellois parliamentary election, Electoral system\nThe right to vote was granted to all citizens over the age of 21 who could write their name, paid income tax on an annual income of SR 3,000 or more, and could prove that they had lived in the Seychelles for at least a year. Only around 10% of the population were able to register.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 57], "content_span": [58, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068927-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Seychellois parliamentary election, Results\nAll the seats were won by independents and members of the Seychelles Taxpayers and Producers Association, who primarily represented the interests of large landowners.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068928-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Sicilian regional election\nThe Sicilian regional election of 1951 took place on 3 June 1951 to select the Second Sicilian Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068928-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Sicilian regional election\nChristian Democracy resulted narrowly ahead of the alliance between the Italian Communist Party and the Italian Socialist Party. After the election Franco Restivo, the incumbent Christian Democratic President, formed a government that included the Monarchist National Party and the Autonomist Independentist Liberal Sicilian Union, a spin-off of declined Sicilian independentists.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068929-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Sierra Leonean general election\nGeneral elections were held in Sierra Leone Colony and Protectorate in November 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068929-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Sierra Leonean general election, Electoral system\nThe 1947 constitution expanded the Legislative Council to 35 members, of which seven were government officials, seven were appointed Europeans, fourteen were Africans indirectly elected from the Protectorate (ten from District Councils and two from the Protectorate Assembly) and seven were Africans directly elected from the Colony. Around 5,000 people were registered to vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 54], "content_span": [55, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068929-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Sierra Leonean general election, Campaign\nOnly five of the seven directly-elected constituencies were contested, with candidates running unopposed in two of the rural constituencies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 46], "content_span": [47, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068929-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Sierra Leonean general election, Results\nThe National Council (NCSL) won three of the seven elected seats, and the Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP) two. However, the SLPP gained the support of the indirectly elected protectorate representatives.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 45], "content_span": [46, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068929-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Sierra Leonean general election, Results\nA total of 3,276 votes were cast; 2,438 in the three Freetown constituencies and 838 (550 and 288) in the two contested rural constituencies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 45], "content_span": [46, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068929-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Sierra Leonean general election, Aftermath\nThe SLPP's Milton Margai was appointed Chief Minister in 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 47], "content_span": [48, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068930-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Singapore City Council election\nElections to Singapore City Council were held for the first time on 1 December 1951 to elect six of the council's 18 members.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068931-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Singaporean general election\nGeneral elections were held in Singapore on 10 April 1951 to elect nine seats in the Legislative Council, up from six seats in the 1948 elections. A 32-day-long campaign period was scheduled, with nomination day on 8 March 1951. The result was a victory for the Progressive Party, which won six of the nine seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068931-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Singaporean general election, Electoral system\nThe Legislative Council was increased from 22 to 25 members, with the number of elected seats increased from six to nine. Three seats were nominated by the three commercial organisations (the Singapore Chamber of Commerce, Chinese Chamber of Commerce and Indian Chamber of Commerce), whilst the British colonial government appointed the remaining 13 seats, which were given to the Governor, Colonial Secretary, Financial Secretary, Attorney-General, Solicitor-General, two Directors, two ex officio Commissioners and four non-officio ones. One of the four non-officio members, only one woman was appointed, war heroine Elizabeth Choy, who ran unsuccessfully in the 1950 Municipal Commission elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 51], "content_span": [52, 753]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068931-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Singaporean general election, Electoral system\nThe British government approved the suggestion by political parties to create six constituencies within the city according to municipal districts, including Balestier (North), Keppel (South), Katong (East) and Tanglin (West), while the rural area was divided into three instead of two. The joint districts were scrapped. Voting was again not compulsory and the franchise restricted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 51], "content_span": [52, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068931-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Singaporean general election, Campaign\nThe Progressive Party's main political opponent at the municipal level, the Labour Party, entered the legislative fray. Well-known Malay politician Mansoor bin Adabi, husband of Maria Bertha Hertogh (also known as Natra binte Maarof), the young Dutch woman whose parentage controversy sparked a racial riot in Singapore the previous year, planned to contest Bukit Timah under the PP banner but withdrew his nomination at the final minute for unknown reasons. The campaign manager for PP vice-chairman John Laycock was Lee Kuan Yew, a legal assistant in the former's law firm who would form the People's Action Party in 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 668]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068931-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Singaporean general election, Campaign\nOut of 48,155 registered voters, only 52% voted. There had been boycott calls and the city was still suffering from the after-effects of the Maria Hertogh riots four months before the elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068931-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Singaporean general election, Campaign\nThe elections saw the first electoral contest for the reserved seat for the Indian Chamber of Commerce.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068931-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 Singaporean general election, Results\nVoter turnout was significantly lower than in the previous elections of 1948, falling to 52.05%, 11 percentage points lower than the 1948 elections. Voter turnout was highest in Seletar at 69% while City saw the lowest voter turnout at just 44%, while three other constituencies also had turnouts lower than 50%, the first time in Singapore's electoral history that voter turnout had been below 50%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068931-0007-0000", "contents": "1951 Singaporean general election, Results\nVilasini Menon became the first woman elected to the Legislative Council, winning the Seletar constituency as an independent. Progressive Party leader Tan Chye Cheng was the best performing candidate, receiving 80% of the vote in Tanglin while independent candidate Mizra Abdul Majid was the worst performing candidate by polling just 4% in City and being the only candidate to lose their $500 deposit. In absolute numbers, Labour Party leader Lim Yew Hock received the highest number of votes (2,369) in Keppel while Labour Party candidate Thomas Davies Richards of Tanglin was the worst performing candidate with just 351 votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 673]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068931-0008-0000", "contents": "1951 Singaporean general election, Results\nIn terms of vote margin, the Labour Party's candidate Caralapati Raghaviah Dasaratha Raj won with the narrowest margin of 6.56% while PP leader Tan Chye Cheng won with the biggest margin of 60.27%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068931-0009-0000", "contents": "1951 Singaporean general election, Results\nBy winning six of the nine constituency seats, the Progressive Party became the first and only party to win a two-thirds majority prior to 1959 and the only party other than the People's Action Party to do so.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068932-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Slovenian Republic League\nThe 1951 season was the 28th season of the Slovenian Republic League and the sixth in the SFR Yugoslavia. Korotan Kranj have defended the league title from the previous season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068933-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Soccer Bowl\nThe 2nd Soccer Bowl the second edition of the Soccer Bowl, and a post-season college soccer championship game between the Penn State Nittany Lions and the Purdue Boilermakers on January 1, 1951, at the Sportsman's Park in St. Louis, Missouri. The match ended in a 3\u20131 victory with Penn State claiming their second Soccer Bowl, and their 11th claimed national men's soccer championship. The game was used to determine the champion of the 1950 ISFA season, which predated the NCAA as the premier organizing body of collegiate soccer, and represented the concluding game of the season for both teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 614]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068933-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Soccer Bowl\nThe match originally was going to feature Penn State playing the South Florida Bulls club soccer team in the final, but the Bulls were unable to make the trip to St. Louis, causing Purdue to serve as an alternate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068933-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Soccer Bowl, Background\nHistorically, Penn State had been heralded as one of the top college soccer programs in the United States from the late 1920s into the late 1940s. From 1926 until 1950 head coach Bill Jeffrey had the Penn State program accumulate a record of 138\u201320\u201324.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 28], "content_span": [29, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068933-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Soccer Bowl, Background\nUnlike Penn State, Purdue's men's soccer team was not a varsity team sponsored by the university, but a club team sponsored by the Purdue University students. Since at the time the NCAA did not sanction the sport, the ISFA permitted varsity and club teams to compete against each other.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 28], "content_span": [29, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068933-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Soccer Bowl, The match\nThe match was kicked off at 2:45 p.m. Central Time as part of a triple-header of soccer matches held at Sportsman's Park. The opening matches featured local high school soccer programs in the St. Louis metro area. At noon St. Joseph's Home took on St. Edwards for the C.Y.C. Parochial title. At 1:15 p.m., Kendrick Prep Seminary School took on DeAndreis for the championship game of the Christmas Week High School Tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 27], "content_span": [28, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068933-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Soccer Bowl, The match\nThe weather for the match was fair with temperatures around 47\u00a0\u00b0F (8\u00a0\u00b0C) at the time of kick off, dropping to 44\u00a0\u00b0F (7\u00a0\u00b0C) by the conclusion of the match. The humidity was around 82% and winds came from the South at 16 miles per hour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 27], "content_span": [28, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068933-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 Soccer Bowl, The match\nThe match was played in four, 22-minute quarters as opposed to 45-minute halves, as at the time it was the standard U.S.S.F.A rules in an attempt to \"Americanize\" the game. Pete Garcia was the center referee, while Justin Keenoy was an assist referee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 27], "content_span": [28, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068933-0007-0000", "contents": "1951 Soccer Bowl, Legacy\nThe Soccer Bowl championship gave Penn State their second ever Soccer Bowl, and their 11th claimed National championship. Despite the title, the ISFA claimed West Chester the national champions concluding the season given their undefeated 8\u20130\u20130 record, in which one of their victories was against Penn State, which drew ire from Penn State and South Florida's programs. Despite this recognition by the ISFA, it is not recognized as a national title by the NCAA, although both South Florida, Penn State, and West Chester declare themselves national champions, which is a claim recognized by the American Soccer History Archives.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 24], "content_span": [25, 652]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068934-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 South American Rugby Championship\nThe 1951 South American Rugby Championship was the first edition of the two tiered competition of the leading national Rugby Union teams in South America.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068934-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 South American Rugby Championship\nThe tournament was arranged by the \"River Plate Rugby Union\" (currently \"Argentine Rugby Union\"). In February 1951 a match was organized in Buenos Aires, the first edition of Pan American Games, but it was not possible to arrange a tournament of rugby for those games, so a \"Torneo Internacional\" was arranged in September. Initially this competition was called Torneo Internacional ABCU using the initials of the countries participating", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068934-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 South American Rugby Championship\nAfter the 1958 edition, this tournament was recognized as the first edition of the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068935-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 South Carolina Gamecocks football team\nThe 1951 South Carolina Gamecocks football team was an American football team that represented the University of South Carolina as a member of the Southern Conference during the 1951 college football season. In their eleventh season under head coach Rex Enright, South Carolina compiled a 5\u20134 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068936-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 South Dakota Coyotes football team\nThe 1951 South Dakota Coyotes football team was an American football team that represented the University of South Dakota in the North Central Conference (NCC) during the 1951 college football season. In its 14th season under head coach Harry Gamage, the team compiled a 7\u20131 record (6\u20130 against NCC opponents) and outscored opponents by a total of 218 to 107. The team played its home games at Inman Field in Vermillion, South Dakota.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068937-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 South Dakota State Jackrabbits football team\nThe 1951 South Dakota State Jackrabbits football team was an American football team that represented South Dakota State University in the North Central Conference (NCC) during the 1951 college football season. In its fifth season under head coach Ralph Ginn, the team compiled a 8\u20131\u20131 record and outscored opponents by a total of 311 to 105.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068938-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 South Sydney Rabbitohs season\nThe 1951 South Sydney Rabbitohs season was the 44th in the club's history. The club competed in the New South Wales Rugby Football League Premiership (NSWRFL), finishing the season as repeat premiers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068938-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 South Sydney Rabbitohs season, Records\nMany notable club and NSWRL/NRL records were set in the 1951 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 43], "content_span": [44, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068938-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 South Sydney Rabbitohs season, Records, NSWRL/NRL records\n28 tries by John Graves at the time, tied Bobby Lulham (1947) for second (behind Dave Brown (1935) with 38). As of 2021, ranks as the 5th highest try total by a player in a season (tied with Tom Trbojevic - 2021 and Lulham - 1947).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 62], "content_span": [63, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068939-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Southern 500\nThe 1951 Southern 500, the second running of the event, was a NASCAR Grand National Series  event that was held on September 3, 1951, at Darlington Raceway in Darlington, South Carolina. The winner of the race was Herb Thomas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068939-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Southern 500, Background\nDarlington Raceway, nicknamed by many NASCAR fans and drivers as \"The Lady in Black\" or \"The Track Too Tough to Tame\" and advertised as a \"NASCAR Tradition\", is a race track built for NASCAR racing located near Darlington, South Carolina. It is of a unique, somewhat egg-shaped design, an oval with the ends of very different configurations, a condition which supposedly arose from the proximity of one end of the track to a minnow pond the owner refused to relocate. This situation makes it very challenging for the crews to set up their cars' handling in a way that will be effective at both ends.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 629]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068939-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Southern 500, Background\nThe track is a four-turn 1.366 miles (2.198\u00a0km) oval. The track's first two turns are banked at twenty-five degrees, while the final two turns are banked two degrees lower at twenty-three degrees. The front stretch (the location of the finish line) and the back stretch is banked at six degrees. Darlington Raceway can seat up to 60,000 people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068939-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Southern 500, Background\nDarlington has something of a legendary quality among drivers and older fans; this is probably due to its long track length relative to other NASCAR speedways of its era and hence the first venue where many of them became cognizant of the truly high speeds that stock cars could achieve on a long track. The track allegedly earned the moniker The Lady in Black because the night before the race the track maintenance crew would cover the entire track with fresh asphalt sealant, in the early years of the speedway, thus making the racing surface dark black.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068939-0003-0001", "contents": "1951 Southern 500, Background\nDarlington is also known as \"The Track Too Tough to Tame\" because drivers can run lap after lap without a problem and then bounce off of the wall the following lap. Racers will frequently explain that they have to race the racetrack, not their competition. Drivers hitting the wall are considered to have received their \"Darlington Stripe\" thanks to the missing paint on the right side of the car.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068939-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Southern 500, Summary\nIn qualifying, Frank Mundy would win the pole with a speed of 84.173 miles per hour (135.463\u00a0km/h). He was followed by Herb Thomas, Jesse James Taylor, Fonty Flock, and Hershel McGriff. 82 cars would start the race, a NASCAR record to this day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 26], "content_span": [27, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068939-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Southern 500, Summary\nFour hundred laps were done on a paved oval track spanning 1.250 miles (2.012\u00a0km) for a grand total of 500.0 miles (804.7\u00a0km). The race lasted for six hours and thirty minutes. Herb Thomas led the first six laps, before Jesse James Taylor took the lead, holding it for the next 7 laps. Pole-sitter Frank Mundy dropped out with oil pressure problems 12 laps in, finishing dead last. Marshall Teague, who passed 46 cars in 13 laps, inherited the lead on lap 13.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 26], "content_span": [27, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068939-0005-0001", "contents": "1951 Southern 500, Summary\nAfter Curtis Turner took the lead on lap 52, Herb Thomas would grab the lead back from Turner on lap 95,  leading the rest of the race to defeat Jesse James Taylor by more than one lap, in front of forty thousand people. Buddy Shuman would finish third, eight laps down, while Hershel McGriff and Fireball Roberts made up the top five. Turner would drop out of the race with a blown engine 272 laps in.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 26], "content_span": [27, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068939-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 Southern 500, Summary\nThis race demonstrates how the NASCAR Cup Series has changed over the years. If a driver started in 36th place during the early-1950s, they were 46 spots ahead of last place. If a driver started in 36th place in a 21st century NASCAR race, they become probably a backmarker and are profoundly unlikely to win the race or even finish in a respectable top-ten finish.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 26], "content_span": [27, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068939-0007-0000", "contents": "1951 Southern 500, Summary\nOliver Dial, Frank Gise, Rudy Hires, Sandy Lynch, Fred Moore, Bob Pronger, Gwyn Staley, Billy Tibbett, and Herb Trimble would make their respective professional stock car racing starts in this event. Notable crew chiefs for this race were Smokey Yunick, Buckshot Morris, and Doug Meeks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 26], "content_span": [27, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068939-0008-0000", "contents": "1951 Southern 500, Summary\nThis race would be Red Byron's final race in NASCAR. Total winnings for this race were $23,740 ($233,839 when adjusted for inflation). As it was with all races during this era, there was no televised coverage of this racing event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 26], "content_span": [27, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068939-0009-0000", "contents": "1951 Southern 500, Summary, Qualifying\nNote: Qualifying was an eight-lap run; the fastest lap time was actually 53.4 seconds while the slowest lap time was 54.6 seconds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 38], "content_span": [39, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068940-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Southern Conference Baseball Tournament\nThe 1951 Southern Conference Baseball Tournament was held in Greensboro, North Carolina from May 20 and 21. The South Division's second seed Duke won the tournament, the first of three tournament titles prior to the Atlantic Coast Conference creation for the 1954 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068941-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Southern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament\nThe 1951 Southern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament took place from March 6\u20138, 1951 at the Reynolds Coliseum in Raleigh, North Carolina. The North Carolina State Wolfpack, led by head coach Everett Case, won their sixth Southern Conference title and received the automatic berth to the 1951 NCAA Tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068941-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Southern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament, Format\nThe top eight finishers of the conference's seventeen members were eligible for the tournament. Teams were seeded based on conference winning percentage. The tournament used a preset bracket consisting of three rounds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 60], "content_span": [61, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068942-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Southern Illinois Salukis football team\nThe 1951 Southern Illinois Salukis football team was an American football team that represented Southern Illinois University (now known as Southern Illinois University Carbondale) in the Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (IIAC) during the 1951 college football season. Under second-year head coach Bill Waller, the team compiled a 0\u20139 record. The team played its home games at McAndrew Stadium in Carbondale, Illinois.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068943-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Southwestern Louisiana Bulldogs football team\nThe 1951 Southwestern Louisiana Bulldogs football team was an American football team that represented the Southwestern Louisiana Institute of Liberal and Technical Learning (now known as the University of Louisiana at Lafayette) in the Gulf States Conference during the 1951 college football season. In their first year under head coach Raymond Didier, the team compiled a 6\u20134 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068944-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Soviet Class B\nFollowing are the results of the 1951 Soviet First League football championship. FC MVO Moscow winning the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068944-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Soviet Class B, Relegation play-off\nTo the play-off qualified the champion of the 1951 Football Championship of the Ukrainian SSR and the worst Ukrainian team of masters of the 1951 Soviet Class B.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 40], "content_span": [41, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068945-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Soviet Cup\nThe 1951 Soviet Cup was an association football cup competition of the Soviet Union.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068946-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Soviet Top League\nFollowing are the results of the 1951 Soviet Top League football championship. Fifteen teams took part, with CDSA Moscow winning the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068947-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Soviet Union regional elections\nOn 18 February 1951, elections were held for the Supreme Soviets of the Soviet Union's constituent republics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068947-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Soviet Union regional elections\nAccording to Soviet law, 3,778,000 out of an eligible adult voting population of 113,050,000 were disenfranchised for various reasons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068948-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Spanish Grand Prix\nThe 1951 Spanish Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 28 October 1951 at Pedralbes Circuit. It was the eighth and final race of the 1951 World Championship of Drivers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068948-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Spanish Grand Prix\nThis race was determined by tyre choice \u2013 Ferrari chose a 16\u00a0inch rear wheel, whilst Alfa Romeo settled for the 18\u00a0inch, which proved to be the better of the two options. Juan Manuel Fangio led Alberto Ascari by two points before the race. Ascari led the race from Jos\u00e9 Froil\u00e1n Gonz\u00e1lez, but the Ferraris suffered numerous tread problems. Piero Taruffi threw a tyre tread on lap 6 and was followed on lap 7 by Luigi Villoresi, Ascari on lap 8 and Gonzalez on lap 14.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068948-0001-0001", "contents": "1951 Spanish Grand Prix\nThe Ferraris were forced to stop frequently to change tyres and Fangio comfortably won the race and his first drivers' title, after Ascari finished 4th was not able to overhaul Fangio's total. After the race, Alfa Romeo announced that due to lack of finances, they would not be competing in the 1952 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068949-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Spanish motorcycle Grand Prix\nThe 1951 Spanish motorcycle Grand Prix was the first round of the 1951 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on 8 April 1951 at the Montju\u00efc circuit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068950-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Speaker of the British House of Commons election\nThe 1951 election of the Speaker of the  House of Commons  occurred on 31 October 1951, following the 1951 general election and the retirement of the previous Speaker Col Douglas Clifton Brown. The election resulted in the election of Conservative MP William Morrison. This was one of the few Speaker elections held in the 20th century in which there was more than one nominee (the others including 1971 and 1992), and the first contested election of Speaker since 10 April 1895.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068950-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Speaker of the British House of Commons election, Election\nThe election was conducted by means of a conventional parliamentary motion, originally to elect Morrison. He was proposed by Sir Hugh O'Neill and seconded by Sir Ralph Glyn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 63], "content_span": [64, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068950-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Speaker of the British House of Commons election, Election\nSamuel Viant then moved an amendment to the original motion to elect Major James Milner, who was then seconded by David Logan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 63], "content_span": [64, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068950-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Speaker of the British House of Commons election, Election\nBoth Morrison and Milner then gave their speeches of submission to the will of the House.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 63], "content_span": [64, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068950-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Speaker of the British House of Commons election, Results\nMPs voted on the motion that Morrison take the Chair as Speaker, which was approved by 318 votes to 251. Morrison was then conducted to the Chair by O'Neill and Glyn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 62], "content_span": [63, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068951-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Speedway National League\nThe 1951 National League Division One was the 17th season of speedway in the United Kingdom and the sixth post-war season of the highest tier of motorcycle speedway in Great Britain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068951-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Speedway National League, Summary\nThe entrants were the same as the previous season as were the top three positions at the end of the season. Wembley Lions won the National League for the sixth time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068951-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Speedway National League, National Trophy Stage Three\nThe 1951 National Trophy was the 14th edition of the Knockout Cup. The Trophy consisted of three stages; stage one was for the third division clubs, stage two was for the second division clubs and stage three was for the top tier clubs. The winner of stage one would qualify for stage two and the winner of stage two would qualify for the third and final stage. Wimbledon won the third and final stage and were therefore declared the 1951 National Trophy champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 58], "content_span": [59, 524]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068952-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Speedway National League Division Three\nThe 1951 National League Division Three was the fifth and final season of British speedway's National League Division Three", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068952-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Speedway National League Division Three\nThe league remained with 10 teams but there were changes. Oxford Cheetahs, Leicester Hunters and Liverpool Chads had all moved up to Division Two whilst Tamworth Tammies dropped out. Plymouth Devils dropped down from Division Two. The three new sides were Cardiff Dragons, Long Eaton Archers and Wolverhampton Wasps.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068952-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Speedway National League Division Three, National Trophy Stage Three\nThe 1951 National Trophy was the 14th edition of the Knockout Cup. The Trophy consisted of three stages; stage one was for the third division clubs, stage two was for the second division clubs and stage three was for the top tier clubs. The winner of stage one would qualify for stage two and the winner of stage two would qualify for the third and final stage. Exeter won stage one and therefore qualified for stage two.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 73], "content_span": [74, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068953-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Speedway National League Division Two\nThe 1951 National League Division Two was the sixth post-war season of the second tier of motorcycle speedway in Great Britain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068953-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Speedway National League Division Two, Summary\nThe League was extended again with 18 teams starting the season. New entrants were Motherwell Eagles and there were again three teams promoted from Division Three - the champions Oxford Cheetahs, third place finishers Leicester Hunters and Liverpool Chads (despite finishing 8th). Plymouth Devils moved back down in the opposite direction.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 51], "content_span": [52, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068953-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Speedway National League Division Two, Summary\nNorwich Stars retained their title. However after the season had finished a fourth rider in five years was killed at their Firs Stadium. 21-year-old Bob Howes died after hitting the fence during a training practice race on 10 November 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 51], "content_span": [52, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068953-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Speedway National League Division Two, Summary\nSouthampton Saints and Sheffield Tars resigned in mid-season and their records were expunged.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 51], "content_span": [52, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068953-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Speedway National League Division Two, National Trophy Stage Two\nThe 1951 National Trophy was the 14th edition of the Knockout Cup. The Trophy consisted of three stages; stage one was for the third division clubs, stage two was for the second division clubs and stage three was for the top tier clubs. The winner of stage one would qualify for stage two and the winner of stage two would qualify for the third and final stage. Norwich won stage two and therefore qualified for stage three.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 69], "content_span": [70, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068954-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Springfield Maroons baseball team\nThe 1951 Springfield Maroons baseball team represented Springfield College in the 1951 NCAA baseball season. The team was coached by Archie Allen in his 4th year at Springfield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068954-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Springfield Maroons baseball team\nThe Maroons won the District I playoff to advance to the College World Series, where they were defeated by the Tennessee Volunteers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068954-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Springfield Maroons baseball team\nDuring the Maroon's June 14th game against the Oklahoma Sooners, they drew a CWS record 15 walks off one just a single pitcher, James Waldrip. Springfield also set a 9-inning CWS record with 17 stranded baserunners.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068955-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 St. Bonaventure Bonnies football team\nThe 1951 St. Bonaventure Bonnies football team, sometimes also referred to as the St. Bonaventure Brown Indians, was an American football team that represented St. Bonaventure University during the 1951 college football season. In its second season under head coach Joe Bach, the team compiled a 5\u20134 record and outscored opponents by a total of 218 to 175. The team played its home games at Forness Stadium in Olean, New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068955-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 St. Bonaventure Bonnies football team\nQuarterback Ted Marchibroda led the team on offense. In nine games, Marchibroda completed 72 of 170 passes for 1,146 yards and 12 touchdowns. Halfback Jerry Hanifin led the team's rushing attack.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068955-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 St. Bonaventure Bonnies football team\nIn December 1951, one month after the season ended, coach Bach left the team to become head coach of the Pittsburgh Steelers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068955-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 St. Bonaventure Bonnies football team\nIn February 1952, St. Bonaventure announced that it was suspending competition in intercollegiate football. The school's president, Rev. Juvenal Lalor, stated that the decision was prompted by \"ever increasing costs in every department and steadily declining income.\" The decision was part of a trend among Catholic universities in the post-war years to terminate their football programs. The trend included Portland (1949), Saint Louis (1949), Duquesne (1950), Georgetown (1950), Saint Mary's (1950), Loyola of Los Angeles (1951), San Francisco (1951), and Santa Clara (1952).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 620]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068956-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 St. Louis Browns season\nThe 1951 St. Louis Browns season involved the Browns finishing 8th in the American League with a record of 52 wins, and 102 losses.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068956-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 St. Louis Browns season, Regular season, Bill Veeck\nBill Veeck, the majority owner and manager of St. Louis Browns, signed Satchel Paige July 17, 1951, and announced the 45-year-old would start the following night against the Washington Senators. In his first game back in the major leagues since 1949, Paige pitched six innings of shutout baseball before giving up three runs in the 7th inning. Paige ended the season with a 3\u20134 record and a 4.79 ERA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 56], "content_span": [57, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068956-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 St. Louis Browns season, Regular season, Bill Veeck\nAnother of Veeck's promotions included the signing of Eddie Gaedel. Gaedel gained immortality in the second game of a doubleheader on Sunday, August 19. Weighing just 65 pounds (29\u00a0kg), and 3\u00a0feet 7\u00a0inches (1.09\u00a0m) tall, he became the shortest player in the history of the major leagues. He stood 3\u00a0feet 4\u00a0inches (1.02\u00a0m) shorter than Jon Rauch, whose height of 6\u00a0ft 11\u00a0in (2.11\u00a0m) made him the tallest person to play in a major league game. He had been secretly signed by the Browns and put in uniform (complete with elf slippers & the number \"\u215b\" on the back) as a publicity stunt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 56], "content_span": [57, 639]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068956-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 St. Louis Browns season, Regular season, Bill Veeck\nGaedel popped out of a papier-mache cake between games of a doubleheader to celebrate the American League's 50th anniversary, and as a Falstaff Brewery promotion. Falstaff, and the fans, had been promised a \"festival of surprises\" by Veeck. Before the second game got underway, the press agreed that the \"midget-in-a-cake\" appearance had not been up to Veeck's usual promotional standard. Falstaff personnel, who had been promised national publicity for their participation, were particularly dissatisfied. Keeping the surprise he had in store for the second game to himself, Veeck just meekly apologized.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 56], "content_span": [57, 662]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068956-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 St. Louis Browns season, Regular season, Bill Veeck\nGaedel entered the game between the Browns and Detroit Tigers in the first inning as a pinch hitter for leadoff batter Frank Saucier. Immediately, umpire Ed Hurley called for Browns manager Zack Taylor. Veeck and Taylor had the foresight to have a copy of Gaedel's contract on hand, as well as a copy of the Browns' active roster, which had room for Gaedel's addition. Tigers pitcher Bob Cain walked him. Jim Delsing pinch ran for Gaedel, but did not score.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 56], "content_span": [57, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068956-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 St. Louis Browns season, Regular season, Ned Garver\nIn 1951, Ned Garver fashioned an outstanding season. Pitching for the Browns, Garver compiled a 20\u201312 record, which was noteworthy considering the Browns lost 102 games. Garver also posted a 3.73 ERA. Garver's wins accounted for nearly 40 percent of the Browns' 52 total wins. Garver also led the American League in complete games with 24 in 1951, and when he pitched he often batted sixth in the order rather than the customary ninth, compiling a .305 batting average with one home run.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 56], "content_span": [57, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068956-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 St. Louis Browns season, Regular season, Ned Garver\nGarver is the only pitcher in American League history to win 20 or more games for a team which lost 100 or more games in the same season, and the only pitcher in Major League history to do since 1920 or with a winning record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 56], "content_span": [57, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068956-0007-0000", "contents": "1951 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 73], "content_span": [74, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068956-0008-0000", "contents": "1951 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068956-0009-0000", "contents": "1951 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068956-0010-0000", "contents": "1951 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 68], "content_span": [69, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068956-0011-0000", "contents": "1951 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 69], "content_span": [70, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068957-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 St. Louis Cardinals season\nThe 1951 St. Louis Cardinals season was the team's 70th season in St. Louis, Missouri and the 60th season in the National League. The Cardinals went 81\u201373 during the season and finished 3rd in the National League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068957-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 76], "content_span": [77, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068957-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 69], "content_span": [70, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068957-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 74], "content_span": [75, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068957-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068957-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 72], "content_span": [73, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068958-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Stanford Indians football team\nThe 1951 Stanford Indians football team represented Stanford University in the 1951 college football season. Stanford was led by first-year head coach Chuck Taylor. The team was a member of the Pacific Coast Conference and played their home games at Stanford Stadium in Stanford, California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068958-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Stanford Indians football team, Coaching change\nThe 1950 season had ended in disappointing fashion after high expectations and a fast start. Head coach Marchmont Schwartz had resigned following the season, and to replace him, Stanford hired Chuck Taylor, a former Stanford All-American guard and member of Stanford's undefeated 1940 team which defeated Nebraska in the 1941 Rose Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 52], "content_span": [53, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068958-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Stanford Indians football team, Season summary\nLed by the passing attack of senior quarterback Gary Kerkorian and senior end Bill McColl, Stanford ran out to a 9\u20130 start and took a #3 ranking into the Big Game, where they were 13-point favorites over rival California. Cal upset the Indians 20\u20137, but as PCC champions, Stanford was invited to the 1952 Rose Bowl against Big Ten champion and 4th-ranked Illinois. The Indians led at halftime 7\u20136 and trailed only 13\u20137 to start the fourth quarter, but a 27-point scoring outburst gave the Fighting Illini a convincing 40\u20137 victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068958-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Stanford Indians football team, Aftermath\nTaylor, at 31 the youngest major college football coach, was named AFCA Coach of the Year, the only time a Stanford coach has received the award. In addition to numerous awards, McColl was a Consensus All-American, finished fourth in the voting for the Heisman Trophy, and would go on to a seven-year professional career with the Chicago Bears. Kerkorian was drafted by the Pittsburgh Steelers and backed up Johnny Unitas with the Baltimore Colts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 46], "content_span": [47, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068959-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Stanley Cup Finals\nThe 1951 Stanley Cup Finals was contested by the Toronto Maple Leafs and the Montreal Canadiens. The Maple Leafs won the series 4\u20131, with all five games going into overtime. It was the Toronto franchise's ninth Stanley Cup win and the last in a series of six wins starting in 1942. It was the first appearance in a string of ten consecutive appearances by the Canadiens.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068959-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Stanley Cup Finals, Paths to the Finals\nToronto defeated the Boston Bruins 4\u20131 to reach the Finals. Montreal defeated the defending champion Detroit Red Wings 4\u20132 to reach the Finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068959-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Stanley Cup Finals, Game summaries\nEvery game went into overtime in this series. Bill Barilko scored the Cup-winning goal, his last goal in the NHL as he would die in a plane crash during the summer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 39], "content_span": [40, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068959-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Stanley Cup Finals, Stanley Cup engraving\nThe 1951 Stanley Cup was presented to Maple Leafs captain Ted Kennedy by NHL President Clarence Campbell following the Maple Leafs 3\u20132 overtime win over the Canadiens in game five.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 46], "content_span": [47, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068959-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Stanley Cup Finals, Stanley Cup engraving\nThe following Maple Leafs players and staff had their names engraved on the Stanley Cup", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 46], "content_span": [47, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068959-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Stanley Cup Finals, Stanley Cup engraving, Members of Toronto Maple Leafs that won 4 cups in 5 years 1947, 1948, 1949, 1951 dynasty\nBill Barilko, Turk Broda, Ted Kennedy\u2020, Joe Klukay, Howie Meeker, Gus Mortson, Jimmy Thomson, Harry Watson (8 players),", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 136], "content_span": [137, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068959-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 Stanley Cup Finals, Stanley Cup engraving, Members of Toronto Maple Leafs that won 4 cups in 5 years 1947, 1948, 1949, 1951 dynasty\nEd Bickle\u2020, John Bickell\u2020, Conn Smythe\u2020, John Mordoch\u2020, William MacBrien\u2020, Hap Day\u2020, Tim Daly\u2020, George Walker, Ed Finkin, Horance McIntre (10 non-players).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 136], "content_span": [137, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068960-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Stanley Cup playoffs\nThe 1951 Stanley Cup playoffs, the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League (NHL), began with four teams on March 28, 1951. It concluded on April 21, with the Toronto Maple Leafs defeating the Montreal Canadiens to win the Stanley Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068960-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Stanley Cup playoffs, Series\nThe second seed Toronto Maple Leafs eliminated the fourth seed Boston Bruins in five games, and the third seed Montreal Canadiens upset first overall Detroit Red Wings in six, setting up a Leafs \u2013 Canadiens Stanley Cup final series, won by the Leafs 4\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 33], "content_span": [34, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068960-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Stanley Cup playoffs, Player statistics, Scoring leaders\nNote: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 61], "content_span": [62, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068961-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Star World Championship\nThe 1951 Star World Championship was held at Gibson Island, United States in 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068961-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Star World Championship, Results\nLegend: DNS \u2013 Did not start; DSA \u2013 Disabled; DSQ \u2013 Disqualified; WDR \u2013 Withdrew;", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068962-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Sugar Bowl\nThe 1951 Sugar Bowl was the 17th Sugar Bowl, played on January 1, 1951, in New Orleans, Louisiana. It matched the Oklahoma Sooners and the Kentucky Wildcats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068962-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Sugar Bowl\nOklahoma (10\u20130) was the Big Seven champion and was ranked first in both major polls; seventh-ranked Kentucky (10\u20131) was the Southeastern Conference champion. Oklahoma averaged 34.5 points per game; only one team had scored more than twice in a game against Kentucky that season. Oklahoma entered the New Year's Day game with a 31-game winning streak; the Sooners' previous loss was in September 1948, and they were favored by six to seven points. Kentucky was led by head coach Bear Bryant, and Oklahoma by Bud Wilkinson. Notable players included Oklahoma's Billy Vessels and Kentucky's Charlie McClendon, Babe Parilli, and Wilbur \"Shorty\" Jamerson. Over 80,000 fans attended the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 701]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068962-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Sugar Bowl\nKentucky fielded three defensive tackles for much of the game, which caused Oklahoma quarterback Claude Arnold to hurry his handoffs and passes. One Wildcat tackle was Bob Gain, winner of the Outland Trophy that season. The third was Walt Yowarsky, who had played less than five minutes on defense during the regular season. Yowarsky recovered a fumble on the Oklahoma 22-yard line, leading to Kentucky's first score: on the next play after Yowarsky's fumble recovery, Kentucky quarterback Babe Parilli threw a touchdown pass to Wilbur Jamerson for a 7\u20130 lead at the end of the first quarter. In the second quarter, the Wildcats drove 81 yards for a touchdown, a run by Wilbur Jamerson, and led 13\u20130 at halftime.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 728]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068962-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Sugar Bowl\nIn the third quarter, Oklahoma had the ball, first and goal on the Kentucky 3-yard line. The Wildcat defense held on first and second down; on third down Yowarsky tackled the Oklahoma ball carrier for a five-yard loss. On fourth down, the Sooners were stopped and Kentucky took possession.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068962-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Sugar Bowl\nIn the fourth quarter, Yowarsky recovered a fumbled punt. With seven minutes left in the game, Oklahoma quarterback Billy Vessels threw a 17-yard touchdown pass to Merrill Green. Kentucky, however, retained possession of the football for the rest of the game, with the exception of one play, for a 13\u20137 victory. Yowarsky was named the game's Most Valuable Player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068963-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Summer International University Sports Week\nThe 1951 Summer International University Sports Week were organised by the International University Sports Federation (FISU) and held in Luxembourg, Luxembourg, between 19 and 26 August.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068964-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Sun Bowl\nThe 1951 Sun Bowl was a college football bowl game that took place in El Paso, Texas, on January 1, 1951, between the West Texas State Buffaloes and the University of Cincinnati Bearcats. This was the 17th Sun Bowl (16th between collegiate teams) that had been played in El Paso, the second oldest bowl game, the only older being the Rose Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068964-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Sun Bowl, Scoring summary\nGene Rossi threw 14-of-29 for 170 yards. The winning touchdown occurred on a fourth down punt. Punter Frank Wise moved under center and took the snap, lateraling to the right to quarterback Gene Mayfield. Mayfield completed a pass to Billy Cross at the Cincinnati 40 and Cross broke several tackles to finish the 62-yard touchdown dash. With the game running out, the Bearcats managed to get to the West Texas A&M 27, but two straight sacks doomed Cincinnati.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 30], "content_span": [31, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068965-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Surinamese general election\nGeneral elections were held in Surinam on 14 March 1951. The result was a victory for the National Party of Suriname, which won 13 of the 21 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068966-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Svenska Cupen\nSvenska Cupen 1951 was the eleventh season of the main Swedish football Cup. The competition was concluded on 22 July 1951 with the Final, held at R\u00e5sunda Stadium, Solna in Stockholms l\u00e4n. Malm\u00f6 FF won 2-1 against Djurg\u00e5rdens IF before an attendance of 20,267 spectators.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068966-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Svenska Cupen, Second round\nThe 8 matches in this round were played between 29 June and 1 July 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 32], "content_span": [33, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068966-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Svenska Cupen, Quarter-finals\nThe 4 matches in this round were played on 8 July 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 90]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068966-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Svenska Cupen, Semi-finals\nThe semi-finals in this round were played on 15 July 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 31], "content_span": [32, 90]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068966-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Svenska Cupen, Final\nThe final was played on 22 July 1951 at the R\u00e5sunda Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 25], "content_span": [26, 86]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068967-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Svenska Cupen Final\nThe 1951 Svenska Cupen final took place on 22 July 1951 at R\u00e5sunda in Solna. It was contested between Allsvenskan sides Malm\u00f6 FF and Djurg\u00e5rdens IF. Djurg\u00e5rden played their first cup final ever, Malm\u00f6 FF played their first final since 1947 and their fifth final in total. Malm\u00f6 FF won their fourth title with a 2\u20131 victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068968-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Swedish Ice Hockey Championship\nThe 1951 Swedish Ice Hockey Championship was the 28th season of the Swedish Ice Hockey Championship, the national championship of Sweden. Hammarby IF won the championship. This was the last season of the championship. It was also scheduled for 1952, but it was cancelled.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068969-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Swiss Grand Prix\nThe 1951 Swiss Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 27 May 1951 in Bern. The race was contested over 42 laps of the Bremgarten Circuit with it also being the opening race of the 1951 World Championship of Drivers. The race was the eleventh time that the Swiss Grand Prix was held with all of the races being held at Bremgarten.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068969-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Swiss Grand Prix\nAfter claiming pole position for the race, Argentine driver, Juan Manuel Fangio would go on win the race by 55 seconds over Italian driver, Piero Taruffi who drove for Ferrari. Fellow Italian driver, Nino Farina rounded out the podium in the second Alfa Romeo car.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068969-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Swiss Grand Prix, Report\nThe Swiss Grand Prix, the first event of the 1951 World Championship due to the absence of Monaco from the calendar, saw the Alfa Romeo team continue their dominance of the previous season. All four of their drivers occupied positions on the front two rows of the grid; the highest non-Alfa qualifier was Ferrari's Luigi Villoresi, who was alongside Fangio and Farina on the front row.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 29], "content_span": [30, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068969-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Swiss Grand Prix, Report\nThe race took place in the rain, with Fangio initially leading from Farina. Ferrari's Piero Taruffi also challenged for the lead, having started from sixth on the grid. Fangio pitted, handing Nino Farina the lead for the 24th lap of the race. However, Farina's decision not to make a pitstop did not pay off, as Fangio was able to retake the lead on lap 29. Fangio maintained the lead for the remainder of the race, eventually winning by nearly a minute from Taruffi, who had overtaken Farina on the penultimate lap.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 29], "content_span": [30, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068969-0003-0001", "contents": "1951 Swiss Grand Prix, Report\nThis was Taruffi's first podium in just his second championship race. The remaining Alfa drivers\u2014Consalvo Sanesi and Toulo de Graffenried\u2014completed the points paying positions, ahead of Ferrari's Alberto Ascari, who competed despite suffering from burns from the previous weekend's Formula 2 race in Genoa. Stirling Moss, driving for HWM, was in seventh, but ran out of fuel on the final lap, therefore yielding the position to Louis Chiron, who was driving a Maserati for Enrico Plat\u00e9.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 29], "content_span": [30, 516]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068970-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Swiss federal election\nFederal elections were held in Switzerland on 28 October 1951. Although the Social Democratic Party received the most votes, the Free Democratic Party remained the largest party in the National Council, winning 51 of the 196 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068970-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Swiss federal election, Results, Council of the States\nIn several cantons the members of the Council of the States were chosen by the cantonal parliaments.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 59], "content_span": [60, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068971-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Swiss motorcycle Grand Prix\nThe 1951 Swiss motorcycle Grand Prix was the second race of the 1951 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on 27 May 1951 at the Bremgarten circuit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068972-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Swiss referendums\nFour referendums were held in Switzerland during 1951. The first was held on 25 February on a federal resolution on transport, and was rejected by voters. The second was held on 15 April on a popular initiative to ensure purchasing power and full employment, together with a counterproposal. The counterproposal was approved by 69% of voters, whilst the original proposal was rejected by 88% of voters. The fourth referendum was held on 8 July on forcing public enterprises to make a financial contribution to the national defence budget, and was also rejected by voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 594]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068973-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race\nThe 1951 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race, was the seventh annual running of the \"blue water classic\" Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068973-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race\nHosted by the Cruising Yacht Club of Australia based in Sydney, New South Wales, the 1951 edition began on Sydney Harbour, at noon on Boxing Day (26 December 1951), before heading south for 630 nautical miles (1,170\u00a0km) through the Tasman Sea, past Bass Strait, into Storm Bay and up the River Derwent, to cross the finish line in Hobart, Tasmania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068973-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race\nThe 1951 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race comprised a fleet of 14 competitors. Margaret Rintoul, skippered by AW Edwards won line honours in a new record time of 4 days, 2 hours and 29 minutes, giving both the vessel and skipper back-to-back victories. Struen Marie, skippered by T Williamson was awarded handicap honours on adjusted time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068973-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race, 1951 fleet\n14 yachts registered to begin the 1951 Sydney to Hobart Yacht race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068974-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Sylvania Television Awards\nThe 1951 Sylvania Television Awards were presented on November 8, 1951, at the Hotel Pierre in New York City. The awards were established earlier in 1951 by Sylvania Electric Products. Deems Taylor was the chairman of the judges committee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068974-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Sylvania Television Awards\nThe panel of 17 judges presented 12 awards as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 86]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068974-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Sylvania Television Awards\nThe \"grand award\" was not awarded, as the committee found no program that measured up to its concept of \"truly outstanding entertainment.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068975-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Syracuse Grand Prix\nThe 1951 Syracuse Grand Prix was a non-championship Formula One motor race held in Syracuse, Sicily on 11 March 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068976-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Syracuse Orangemen football team\nThe 1951 Syracuse Orangemen football team represented Syracuse University in the 1951 college football season. The Orangemen were led by third-year head coach Ben Schwartzwalder and played their home games at Archbold Stadium in Syracuse, New York. Syracuse finished the season with a 5\u20134 record and were not invited to a bowl game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068977-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 S\u00e3o Paulo FC season\nThe 1951 football season was S\u00e3o Paulo's 22nd season since club's existence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068978-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 TANFL season\nThe 1951 Tasmanian Australian National Football League (TANFL) premiership season was an Australian Rules football competition staged in Hobart, Tasmania over fifteen (15) roster rounds and four (4) finals series matches between 14 April and 6 October 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068978-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 TANFL season, Participating Clubs, TANFL Under-19's Grand Final\nNote: Buckingham affiliated to New Town, North West affiliated to North Hobart.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 68], "content_span": [69, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068978-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 TANFL season, 1951 TANFL Ladder, Round 13\nNote: Round postponed on 11 August due to inclement weather and poor ground conditions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 46], "content_span": [47, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068978-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 TANFL season, 1951 TANFL Ladder, Grand Final\nSource: All scores and statistics courtesy of the Hobart Mercury publication.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 49], "content_span": [50, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068979-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 TCU Horned Frogs football team\nThe 1951 TCU Horned Frogs football team represented Texas Christian University (TCU) in the 1951 college football season. The Horned Frogs finished the season 6\u20135 overall and 5\u20131 in the Southwest Conference. The team was coached by Dutch Meyer in his eighteenth year as head coach. The Frogs played their home games in Amon G. Carter Stadium, which is located on campus in Fort Worth, Texas. They were invited to the Cotton Bowl Classic where they lost to Kentucky by a score of 7\u201320.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068980-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Tampa Spartans football team\nThe 1951 Tampa Spartans football team represented the University of Tampa in the 1951 college football season. It was the Spartans' 15th season. The team was led by head coach Frank Sinkwich, in his second year, and played their home games at Phillips Field in Tampa, Florida. They finished with a record of seven wins, three losses and one tie (7\u20133\u20131).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068980-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Tampa Spartans football team\nA week after they opened the season with a 72\u20130 victory over Patrick Air Force Base at home, the Spartans lost their first road game of the season at Bradley 32\u20136. The next Friday, Tampa lost their second consecutive game on the road. This time, Wofford overcame a 14\u20137 halftime deficit with a pair of third-quarter touchdowns in their 21\u201314 victory in Spartanburg. The Spartans then returned home and won games over Jacksonville State and Lenoir\u2013Rhyne before they played Stetson to a 14\u201314 tie at DeLand after Tampa blocked a last-second field goal attempt by the Hatters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 607]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068980-0001-0001", "contents": "1951 Tampa Spartans football team\nAfter a road loss at Appalachian State and a pair of road victories at Livingston State and South Georgia College, the Spartans returned home and played Florida State in the final home game of the season. Against the Seminoles, Tampa won in a 14\u20136 upset at Phillips Field before 12,500 fans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068980-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Tampa Spartans football team\nIn mid-November, Tampa accepted an invitation to compete in their first postseason game against Brandeis in the first Brandeis Classic at Miami Beach. Against the Judges, the Spartans won 7\u20130 after they scored their only points on an 18-yard John Lahosky touchdown pass to H. L. Hiers on their opening drive. In February 1952, Sinkwich resigned as head coach of the Spartans after only two seasons and entered private business.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068981-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Tangerine Bowl\nThe 1951 Tangerine Bowl was an American college football bowl game played following the 1950 season, on January 1, 1951, at the Tangerine Bowl stadium in Orlando, Florida. The game featured the Emory and Henry Wasps and the Morris Harvey Golden Eagles (now the Charleston Golden Eagles).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068981-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Tangerine Bowl, Background\nThe Wasps were champions of the Smoky Mountain Conference and entered the game with a record of 9\u20131, including a victory over the Appalachian State Mountaineers in the Burley Bowl played on Thanksgiving Day (November 23, 1950) in Johnson City, Tennessee. The Golden Eagles came into the game with a record of 9\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 31], "content_span": [32, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068981-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Tangerine Bowl, Game summary\nThe only scoring in the first quarter was a touchdown by Emory and Henry, giving them a 7\u20130 lead. In the second quarter, Morris Harvey answered with two touchdowns, and had a 14\u20137 lead at halftime. Each team equaled their first-half scoring during the third quarter, to see Morris Harvey take a 28\u201314 lead. In the fourth quarter, Morris Harvey added one more touchdown, giving them a 35\u201314 victory. Morris Harvey quarterback Pete Anania threw four touchdown passes; three of them were caught by end Charles Hubbard. Anania and Hubbard were named the game's outstanding back and lineman, respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 634]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068982-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Ta\u00e7a de Portugal Final\nThe 1951 Ta\u00e7a de Portugal Final was the final match of the 1950\u201351 Ta\u00e7a de Portugal, the 11th season of the Ta\u00e7a de Portugal, the premier Portuguese football cup competition organized by the Portuguese Football Federation (FPF). The match was played on 10 June 1951 at the Est\u00e1dio Nacional in Oeiras, and opposed two Primeira Liga sides: Acad\u00e9mica and Benfica. Benfica defeated Acad\u00e9mica 5\u20131 to claim their fifth Ta\u00e7a de Portugal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 458]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068983-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Team Speedway Polish Championship\n1951 Team Speedway Polish Championship season was the fourth season and is used to determine the Team Polish Champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068983-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Team Speedway Polish Championship, Rules\nIn First League, matches were played with part two teams, without it playing it matches return. Teams were made up of 6 drivers plus 2 reserves. The score of heat: 3\u20132\u20131\u20130. Mecz consisted with 9 heats. For winning a game a team received 2 points, lost \u2013 0 points. The drivers from a main squad started in a match three times. The quantity of small points was added up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 45], "content_span": [46, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068983-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Team Speedway Polish Championship, Rules\nBefore the season the Main Commission of Physical Education (Polish: G\u0142\u00f3wna Komisja Kultury Fizycznej, GKKF) and Sport' Commission of Polish Motor Union established that to create the Speedway League it drew from 10 teams:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 45], "content_span": [46, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068983-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Team Speedway Polish Championship, Rules\nOn 23 April 1951 in Rzesz\u00f3w Police' Speedway Clubs played Race-Off. Gwardia Bydgoszcz won and qualified to the league. In this event  Gwardia Pozna\u0144 and Gwardia Rzeszow played.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 45], "content_span": [46, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068984-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Temple Owls football team\nThe 1951 Temple Owls football team was an American football team that represented Temple University as an independent during the 1951 college football season. In its third season under head coach Albert Kawal, the team compiled a 6\u20134 record and was outscored by a total of 176 to 168. The team played its home games at Temple Stadium in Philadelphia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068985-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Tennessee A&I Tigers football team\nThe 1951 Tennessee A&I Tigers football team represented Tennessee Agricultural & Industrial State College as a member of the Midwest Athletic Association (MAA) during the 1951 college football season. In their eighth season under head coach Henry Kean, the Tigers compiled an 8\u20132 record and outscored opponents by a total of 203 to 93. The Dickinson System rated Tennessee A&I as the No. 3 black college football team for 1951 with a score of 23.71, behind only Florida A&M (24.71) and Morris Brown (24.43). The team played its home games in Nashville, Tennessee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 603]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068986-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Tennessee Volunteers baseball team\nThe 1951 Tennessee Volunteers baseball team represented the University of Tennessee Volunteers in the 1951 NCAA baseball season. The Volunteers played their home games at Lower Hudson Field. The team was coached by S. W. Anderson in his 4th season at Tennessee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068986-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Tennessee Volunteers baseball team\nThe Volunteers finished second in the College World Series, defeated by the Oklahoma Sooners in the championship game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068987-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Tennessee Volunteers football team\nThe 1951 Tennessee Volunteers football team represented the University of Tennessee in the 1951 college football season. In his next to last season as head coach, Robert Neyland led the Vols to their second consecutive national title and the fourth during his tenure. The 1951 title was also the first undisputed, at the time, national title in school history. Maryland has since been retroactively credited with the 1951 national championship by several selectors, including analyst Jeff Sagarin, as they went undefeated that year and beat Tennessee in the Sugar Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068987-0000-0001", "contents": "1951 Tennessee Volunteers football team\nAt the time, the AP awarded the title before the bowl games were played. 1951 was also Neyland's ninth undefeated regular season in his career. The 1950 Tennessee team had gone 11\u20131, winning its last nine games and capping the season off with a victory over Texas in the Cotton Bowl. In 1951, The Vols put together a 10\u20130 regular season and were voted national champs by the AP Poll before the bowl season began, as was the convention at the time. In addition to AP, Tennessee was named national champion by NCAA-designated major selectors Litkenhous, United Press International (coaches poll), and Williamson, leading to a consensus national champion designation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 704]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068987-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Tennessee Volunteers football team\nThe game against Alabama on the Third Saturday in October that season was the first ever nationally televised game for both teams. The Vols were a dominant team in the regular season, winning their first nine games by a combined score of 338 to 61 before thwarting a spirited effort by in-state rival Vanderbilt in the last game of the regular season, 35\u201327.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068987-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Tennessee Volunteers football team, Prominent players\nThe 1951 Tennessee Volunteers featured Hank Lauricella, that season's Heisman Trophy runner up, and Doug Atkins, a future member of both the College Football Hall of Fame and the Pro Football Hall of Fame. James Haslam Jr., a future business and civic leader in Knoxville, was a captain on the 1952 team, and a prominent member of the 1951 squad. The team featured six all-conference players: Lauricella, Atkins, Ted Daffer, John Michaels, Bill Pearman, and Bert Rechichar. Laricella, Daffer, and Pearman were also named All-Americans following the year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 58], "content_span": [59, 613]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068988-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Texas A&M Aggies baseball team\nThe 1951 Texas A&M Aggies baseball team represented Texas A&M University in the 1951 NCAA baseball season. The Aggies played their home games at Kyle Baseball Field. The team was coached by Beau Bell in his 1st year at Texas A&M.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068988-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Texas A&M Aggies baseball team\nThe Aggies won the District VI playoff to advance to the College World Series, where they were defeated by the Utah Redskins.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068989-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Texas A&M Aggies football team\nThe 1951 Texas A&M Aggies football team represented Texas A&M University in the 1951 college football season as a member of the Southwest Conference (SWC). The Aggies were led by head coach Raymond George in his first season and finished with a record of five wins, three losses and two ties (5\u20133\u20132 overall, 1\u20133\u20132 in the SWC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068990-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Texas Longhorns football team\nThe 1951 Texas Longhorns football team represented the University of Texas in the 1951 college football season. The November 10 win by the Baylor Bears would be their last victory in Austin until November 25, 1989.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068991-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Texas Tech Red Raiders football team\nThe 1951 Texas Tech Red Raiders football team represented Texas Tech during the 1951 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068992-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Texas Western Miners football team\nThe 1951 Texas Western Miners football team was an American football team that represented Texas Western College (now known as University of Texas at El Paso) as a member of the Border Conference during the 1951 college football season. In its second season under head coach Mike Brumbelow, the team compiled a 3\u20137 record (2\u20134 against Border Conference opponents), finished fifth in the conference, and were outscored by a total of 241 to 152.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068993-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 The Citadel Bulldogs football team\nThe 1951 The Citadel Bulldogs football team represented The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina in the 1951 college football season. J. Quinn Decker served as head coach for the sixth season. The Bulldogs played as members of the Southern Conference and played home games at Johnson Hagood Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068994-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1951 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship was the 61st staging of the Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Tipperary County Board in 1887. The championship began on 7 October 1951 and ended on 4 November 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068994-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship\nOn 4 November 1951, Holycross-Ballycahill won the championship after a 5-15 to 1-04 defeat of Clonoulty in the final at Thurles Sportsfield. It was their second championship title overall and their first title since 1948.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068995-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Titleholders Championship\nThe 1951 Titleholders Championship was contested from March 15\u201318 at Augusta Country Club. It was the 12th edition of the Titleholders Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068996-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Toledo Rockets football team\nThe 1951 Toledo Rockets football team was an American football team that represented Toledo University during the 1951 college football season. In their first season under head coaches Don Greenwood (games 1\u20137) and Clair Dunn (games 8\u201310), the Rockets compiled a 6\u20134 record and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 260 to 178.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068996-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Toledo Rockets football team\nThe team's statistical leaders (through nine games) included Steve Piskach with 493 passing yards and A. C. Jenkins with 899 rushing yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068997-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Tongan general election, Electoral system\nThe Legislative Assembly had seven directly-elected members; three representing Tongatapu and nearby islands, two representing Ha\u02bbapai and two representing Vava\u02bbu and nearby islands.. A further seven members were elected by the nobility based on the same constituencies, seven ministers (including the governors of Ha\u02bbapai and Vava\u02bbu) and a Speaker chosen by the monarch, S\u0101lote Tupou III.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 46], "content_span": [47, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068997-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Tongan general election, Results\nElected members included the commoners Molitoni Finau and Sekonaia Tu'akoi and the noble Semisi Fonua from Tongatapu.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068998-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Torneo di Viareggio\nThe 1951 winners of the Torneo di Viareggio (in English, the Viareggio Tournament, officially the Viareggio Cup World Football Tournament Coppa Carnevale), the annual youth football tournament held in Viareggio, Tuscany, are listed below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068998-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Torneo di Viareggio, Format\nThe four foreign teams have been spared the initiali knockout round and started directly in the Round of 8. All game were single tie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 32], "content_span": [33, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068999-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Toronto Argonauts season\nThe 1951 Toronto Argonauts finished in third place in the Interprovincial Rugby Football Union with a 7\u20135 record and appeared in the IRFU Semi-Final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00068999-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Toronto Argonauts season, Preseason\nThe Argos played a preseason game in Buffalo, New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 40], "content_span": [41, 96]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069000-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Toronto municipal election\nMunicipal elections were held in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, on December 3, 1951. Allan Lamport defeated incumbent Hiram E. McCallum in the mayoral election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069000-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Toronto municipal election, Toronto mayor\nLamport had challenged McCallum the previous year but had lost by a narrow margin. McCallum had originally planned on retiring and being succeeded by Controller John Innes, but Innes died unexpectedly during the year. The 1951 also saw an attempt at the mayoralty by alderman Nathan Phillips, who finished a distant third. In Phillips' autobiography he states that he expected fellow Conservative McCallum to retire, but that their both running split to vote and allowed Lamport to become the first Liberal elected to run the city since 1909. Lamport ran under the slogan \"Toronto needs a fighting mayor.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 46], "content_span": [47, 652]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069000-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Toronto municipal election, Board of Control\nThe only new arrival on the Board of Control was Ford Brand, secretary of the Toronto and District Labour Council. John Innes had died in office and his replacement Alfred Cowling decided to contest the 1951 Provincial Election. Former Controller and avowed Communist Stewart Smith made another attempt to return to the board, but finished a distant fifth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 49], "content_span": [50, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069000-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Toronto municipal election, City council\nResults taken from the December 4, 1951 Toronto Star and might not exactly match final tallies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 45], "content_span": [46, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069000-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Toronto municipal election, Changes\nWard 7 Alderman David Sanderson died on March 25, 1952; John Kucherepa was appointed Alderman on March 31.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 40], "content_span": [41, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069001-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Tour de France\nThe 1951 Tour de France was the 38th edition of the Tour de France, taking place from 4 to 29 July. It consisted of 24 stages over 4,690\u00a0km (2,914\u00a0mi). The race started outside \u00cele-de-France for the first time since 1926; a change that remained permanent beyond 1951 with the exceptions of 1963, 1983, 1984, 1986 and 2003.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069001-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Tour de France\nThe race was won by Swiss cyclist Hugo Koblet. Koblet used his time-trial abilities to win large amounts of time. Dutch cyclist Wim van Est made fame, not only by becoming the first Dutch cyclist to lead the Tour de France, but more by falling down a ravine in the leader's jersey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069001-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Tour de France, Teams\nAs was the custom since the 1930 Tour de France, the 1951 Tour de France was contested by national and regional teams. The three major cycling countries in 1951, Italy, Belgium and France, each sent a team of 12 cyclists. Other countries sent teams of 8 cyclists: Switzerland, Luxembourg, Netherlands and Spain. The French regional cyclists were divided into four teams of 12 cyclists: Paris, \u00cele-de-France/North-West, East/South-East and West/South-West. The last team of eight cyclists was made up out of cyclists from the French North African colonies. In the end, Luxembourg only sent 7 cyclists, so altogether this made 123 cyclists. There were 68 French cyclists (of which 1 French-Moroccan and 7 French-Algerian), 12 Italian, 12 Belgian, 8 Dutch, 8 Spanish, 8 Swiss and 7 Luxembourgian cyclists.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 26], "content_span": [27, 829]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069001-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Tour de France, Route and stages\nThe 1951 Tour de France started in Metz; it was the second time after the 1926 Tour de France that the start of the Tour de France was not in or near Paris.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 37], "content_span": [38, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069001-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Tour de France, Route and stages\nUnlike in previous years, the route was no longer around the perimeter of France, and the Massif Central mountains were visited for the first time. There were two rest days, in Limoges and Montpellier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 37], "content_span": [38, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069001-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Tour de France, Route and stages\nThe highest point of elevation in the race was 2,360\u00a0m (7,740\u00a0ft) at the summit of the Col d'Izoard mountain pass on stage 20.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 37], "content_span": [38, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069001-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 Tour de France, Race overview\nOn the first stage, Hugo Koblet attacked almost immediately from the start. The peloton got back to him after 40\u00a0km (25\u00a0mi). Koblet stayed calm for the next stages, until the individual time trial in stage seven, which he won. Initially, Bobet was reported to have won the time trial by one second. Koblet protested against the result, and argued that the intermediate timings showed that Bobet could not have won. The Tour de France jury agreed that Bobet's time was off by one minute, and Koblet was given the stage victory by 59 seconds. Koblet's rival Rapha\u00ebl G\u00e9miniani after the stage said: \"If there were two Koblets in the sport I would retire from cycling tomorrow.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 709]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069001-0007-0000", "contents": "1951 Tour de France, Race overview\nIn the eleventh stage, Koblet attacked after 37\u00a0km (23\u00a0mi). He was followed by Louis Deprez for a short while, but when Deprez fell back, Koblet was on his own. It was a hot day, and the other cyclists did not believe that Koblet's escape had any chance. When the peloton heard that Koblet was already three minutes ahead, they started to chase him. They worked together for more than 100\u00a0km, but couldn't reach Koblet, who won the stage with a margin of more than two and a half minutes. Directly after Koblet finished, he used a stopwatch to measure the time gap, because he did not trust the Tour's time keepers anymore. The other cyclists were amazed that Koblet had been able to defend his lead against all the other cyclists.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 766]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069001-0008-0000", "contents": "1951 Tour de France, Race overview\nIn the twelfth stage, Dutch cyclist Wim van Est escaped, won the stage and took the yellow jersey as leader of the general classification. He was the first Dutch cyclist to do so. Van Est was inexperienced in the mountains that showed up in the thirteenth stage, but did his best to defend his lead. Going up the Aubisque, Van Est punctured and lost time. He tried to gain back time on the descent by following Magni, a fast descender. Van Est could not follow, and crashed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069001-0008-0001", "contents": "1951 Tour de France, Race overview\nHe remounted and rode down again, but took too much risk and fell down a ravine. His fall was broken by trees, 75\u00a0meters down. Spectators helped him to climb back, by handing him a rope made from inner tubes. In the next stage, Van Est fell down a ravine while defending his position, and had to abandon the race. Gilbert Bauvin took over the lead. G\u00e9miniani crossed the finish line first in that stage, but he was set back to fourth place by the jury.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069001-0009-0000", "contents": "1951 Tour de France, Race overview\nIn the fourteenth stage, Coppi attacked. Koblet punctured, but chased back and reached Coppi, and outsprinted him to win the stage, and thanks to the minute bonification time as stage winner took over the lead. In the sixteenth stage, that seemed not too hard because there were almost no mountains, Coppi collapsed and lost more than half an hour. This was said to be caused by grief over his brother's death, although other accounts said it was because of food poisoning. His teammates and former rivals Gino Bartali and Fiorenzo Magni helped him until the end of the stage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 611]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069001-0010-0000", "contents": "1951 Tour de France, Race overview\nThe Mont Ventoux was climbed in the seventeenth stage for the first time in Tour de France history. Bobet escaped and won the stage, while Koblet was able to stay with his competitors. After that stage, second-placed rider G\u00e9miniani was no longer trying to beat Koblet, but instead focussed on defending his second place against Bobet. Koblet stayed out of problems for the rest of the race, and won the time trial in the 22nd stage with a large margin; he even overtook Bartali who had started 8 minutes earlier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 548]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069001-0011-0000", "contents": "1951 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes\nThe time that each cyclist required to finish each stage was recorded, and these times were added together for the general classification. If a cyclist had received a time bonus, it was subtracted from this total; all time penalties were added to this total. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey. Of the 123 cyclists that started the 1951 Tour de France, 66 finished the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 63], "content_span": [64, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069001-0012-0000", "contents": "1951 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes\nPoints for the mountains classification were earned by reaching the mountain tops first. The system was almost the same as in 1950: there were two types of mountain tops: the hardest ones, in category 1, gave 10 points to the first cyclist, the easier ones, in category 2, gave 6 points to the first cyclist, and the easiest ones, in category 3, gave 3 points. Rapha\u00ebl G\u00e9miniani won this classification.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 63], "content_span": [64, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069001-0013-0000", "contents": "1951 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes\nThe team classification was calculated by adding the times in the general classification of the best three cyclists per team. It was won by the French team, with a large margin over the Belgian team. The other three teams that started, Luxembourg, The Netherlands and North Africa, did not finish with three cyclists so were not eligible for the team classification. The Souvenir Henri Desgrange was given in honour of Tour founder Henri Desgrange to the first rider to pass the summit of the Col du Lautaret on stage 21. This prize was won by Gino Sciardis. The special award for the best regional rider was won by eighth-placed Gilbert Bauvin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 63], "content_span": [64, 709]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069001-0014-0000", "contents": "1951 Tour de France, Aftermath\nHugo Koblet would be unable to defend his title in the 1952 Tour de France, as he was injured. After that, Koblet never reached the heights that he was able to reach in 1951. Second-placed G\u00e9miniani said that he regarded himself as the winner, because Koblet did not count because he was not human.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 30], "content_span": [31, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069001-0015-0000", "contents": "1951 Tour de France, Aftermath\nVan Est, who fell down a ravine wearing the leader's yellow jersey, starred in an advert for watch-making company Pontiac, that said \"His heart stopped but his Pontiac kept time.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 30], "content_span": [31, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069002-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Tour de Romandie\nThe 1951 Tour de Romandie was the fifth edition of the Tour de Romandie cycle race and was held from 3 May to 6 May 1951. The race started and finished in Fribourg. The race was won by Ferdinand K\u00fcbler.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069003-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Tour de Suisse\nThe 1951 Tour de Suisse was the 15th edition of the Tour de Suisse cycle race and was held from 15 June to 23 June 1951. The race started and finished in Z\u00fcrich. The race was won by Ferdinand K\u00fcbler.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069004-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Tour of Flanders\nThe 35th running of the Tour of Flanders cycling classic was held on Sunday, 1 April 1951. Italian Fiorenzo Magni won the race with a five-and-a-half minute lead over Frenchman Bernard Gauthier. It was Magni's third consecutive victory in the Tour of Flanders; the first and to date only rider to achieve this feat. 30 of 196 riders finished.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069004-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Tour of Flanders, Route\nThe race started in Ghent and finished in Wetteren \u2013 totaling 274\u00a0km. The course featured four categorized climbs:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 28], "content_span": [29, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069005-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Tulane Green Wave football team\nThe 1951 Tulane Green Wave football team represented Tulane University as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) during the 1951 college football season. Led by sixth-year head coach Henry Frnka, the Green Wave played their home games at Tulane Stadium in New Orleans. Tulane finished the season with an overall record of 4\u20136 and a mark of 1\u20135 in conference play, placing last out of 12 teams in the SEC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069006-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Tulsa Golden Hurricane football team\nThe 1951 Tulsa Golden Hurricane football team represented the University of Tulsa during the 1951 college football season. In their sixth year under head coach Buddy Brothers, the Golden Hurricane compiled a 9\u20132 record, 4\u20130 against conference opponents, and won the Missouri Valley Conference championship. The team's losses were against Cincinnati (35-47) and Arkansas (7-24)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069007-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Turkish Football Championship\nThe 1951 Turkish Football Championship was the 16th and last edition of the competition. It was held in May. Be\u015fikta\u015f won their fifth national championship title by winning the Final Group in Bal\u0131kesir.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069007-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Turkish Football Championship\nThe champions of the three major regional leagues (Istanbul, Ankara, and \u0130zmir) qualified directly for the Final Group. Adana Demirspor qualified by winning the qualification play-off, which was contested by the winners of the regional qualification groups.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069007-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Turkish Football Championship\nWhen Turkish football became officially professional in 24 September 1951, the competition continued under the name Turkish Amateur Football Championship, with only amateur teams participating. However, from that year on it was no longer the first tier football championship in Turkey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069008-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 U.S. National Championships (tennis)\nThe 1951 U.S. National Championships (now known as the US Open) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the West Side Tennis Club, Forest Hills in New York City, United States. The tournament ran from 25 August until 5 September. It was the 71st staging of the U.S. National Championships, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of the year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069008-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Men's doubles\nKen McGregor /  Frank Sedgman defeated  Don Candy /  Mervyn Rose 10\u20138, 6\u20134, 4\u20136, 7\u20135", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 64], "content_span": [65, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069008-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Women's doubles\nShirley Fry /  Doris Hart defeated  Nancy Chaffee /  Patricia Todd 6\u20134, 6\u20132", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 66], "content_span": [67, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069008-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Mixed doubles\nDoris Hart /   Frank Sedgman defeated  Shirley Fry /  Mervyn Rose 6\u20133, 6\u20132", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 64], "content_span": [65, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069009-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nFrank Sedgman defeated Vic Seixas 6\u20134, 6\u20131, 6\u20131 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1951 U.S. National Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069009-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Men's Singles, Seeds\nThe tournament used two lists of eight players for seeding the men's singles event; one for U.S. players and one for foreign players. Frank Sedgman is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 55], "content_span": [56, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069010-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Women's Singles\nFourth-seeded Maureen Connolly defeated Shirley Fry 6\u20133, 1\u20136, 6\u20134 in the final to win the Women's Singles tennis title at the 1951 U.S. National Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069010-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Women's Singles, Seeds\nThe tournament used two lists for seeding the women's singles event; one for U.S. players and one for foreign players. Maureen Connolly is the champion; others show in brackets the round in which they were eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 57], "content_span": [58, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069011-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 U.S. Open (golf)\nThe 1951 U.S. Open was the 51st U.S. Open, held June 14\u201316 at the South Course of Oakland Hills Country Club in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, a suburb northwest of Detroit. Ben Hogan won his second consecutive U.S. Open title, two strokes ahead of runner-up Clayton Heafner. Hogan missed the 1949 U.S. Open due to an automobile accident; this was his third title in his last three attempts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069011-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 U.S. Open (golf)\nThe South Course, dubbed \"The Monster,\" played exceptionally tough for the first three rounds. No player was able to break par the first two days, and Jimmy Demaret's 70 was the only score to equal par in Saturday morning's third round. Sam Snead owned the first round lead at 71 (+1), while Bobby Locke led after the second round at 144 (+4) and shared the lead with Demaret after the third at 218 (+8).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069011-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 U.S. Open (golf)\nTwo strokes back after a 71 in the third round on Saturday morning, Hogan played one of the finest rounds in U.S. Open history that afternoon. Even-par on the front nine, he birdied the 10th and 13th holes. After a bogey at 14, he responded with another birdie at 15. At the 72nd hole, Hogan hit his approach shot on the par-4 to 15 feet (5\u00a0m) and sank the birdie putt to post a 67 (\u22123), the lowest round of the week, one of two sub-par rounds for the round (and championship). His 287 (+7) was two ahead of Heafner, who shot 69, the only other round under 70. At the trophy presentation, Hogan uttered the famous quote: \"I'm glad I brought this course\u2014this monster\u2014to its knees.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 702]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069011-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 U.S. Open (golf)\nThis was the first U.S. Open that was notably toughened up by the USGA with narrow fairways and deep rough, attributing to \"The Monster\" nickname. The course also underwent a redesign by Robert Trent Jones prior to the championship, modifying the original Donald Ross design.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069011-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 U.S. Open (golf)\nThe South Course previously hosted the U.S. Open in 1924 and 1937; the winning score in 1937 was 281, sixteen strokes less than in 1924. It later hosted in 1961, 1985, and 1996, and the PGA Championship in 1972, 1979, and 2008.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069011-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 U.S. Open (golf)\nSince Hogan repeated as champion in 1951, only Curtis Strange (1988, 1989) and Brooks Koepka (2017, 2018) have won consecutive U.S. Open titles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069012-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 U.S. Women's Open\nThe 1951 U.S. Women's Open was the sixth U.S. Women's Open, held September 13\u201316 at Druid Hills Golf Club in Atlanta, Georgia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069012-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 U.S. Women's Open\nFirst-year professional Betsy Rawls, age 23, won the first of her eight major championships, five strokes ahead of runner-up Louise Suggs, the 1949 champion. It was the first of four U.S. Women's Open titles for Rawls, with additional wins in 1953, 1957, and 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069012-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 U.S. Women's Open\nPrior to this event, the LPGA Tour petitioned the United States Golf Association (USGA) to take over the championship, which it did two years later in 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069013-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 UCI Road World Championships\nThe 1951 UCI Road World Championships took place in Varese, Italy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069014-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 UCI Road World Championships \u2013 Men's road race\nThe men's road race at the 1951 UCI Road World Championships was the 18th edition of the event. The race took place on Sunday 2 September 1951 in Varese, Italy. The race was won by Ferdinand K\u00fcbler of Switzerland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069015-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 UCI Track Cycling World Championships\nThe 1951 UCI Track Cycling World Championships were the World Championship for track cycling. They took place in Milan, Italy from 24 to 28 August 1951. Five events for men were contested, 3 for professionals and 2 for amateurs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069016-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 UCLA Bruins football team\nThe 1951 UCLA Bruins football team represented the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) during the 1951 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069016-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 UCLA Bruins football team, Game summaries, USC\nFor the first time, the Bruins defeated the Trojans in consecutive seasons. UCLA won the previous season's game 39\u20130. Scoring for the Bruins were Don Stalwick, Ike Jones, and Donn Moomaw. Late in the fourth quarter, Jim Sears scored for USC to avoid another shutout.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 51], "content_span": [52, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069017-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year\nThe 1951 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year was the 26th year of greyhound racing in the United Kingdom and Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069017-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Summary\nThe annual totalisator was \u00a365,548,855, a fifth consecutive drop since 1946 but considerably more stable than the significant decreases experienced during 1950. Once again the blame was directed towards the government and their tax policies of 10% tote tax and an additional 45% entertainment tax. Two tracks closed claiming that they could not continue to trade under the current taxation. In January Tamworth Greyhound Stadium and in May White City Stadium (Newcastle), the latter closed after the Managing Director Mr Whatley reported unmanageable figures. The tote receipts were \u00a375,000 of which \u00a347,000 was taken out by taxation. Restrictions on gambling were very much still considered by the government to be in the interests of the general public.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 804]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069017-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Summary\nA record 140 entries were received at the initial stage of the 1951 English Greyhound Derby, Ballylanigan Tanist would go on to win the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069017-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Competitions\nThe first annual competition between tracks was held, called the News of the World National Intertrack championship. Owlerton provided a major shock when winning the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069017-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Competitions\nThe Welsh Greyhound Derby attracted many stars, with the newly crowned Derby champion Ballylanigan Tanist winning the final by six and a half-lengths from a line-up that included two other Derby finalists in Black Mire (who broke a toe while leading) and Rushton Smutty, in addition to Quare Customer and Derryboy Blackbird. Just one week later the final of the Scottish Greyhound Derby resulted in Rushton Smutty battling hard to defeat Ballylanigan Tanist by just three quarters. The Scurry Gold Cup final went to Defence Leader and featured an appearance by Ballycurren Garrett; the favourite Junes Idol finished a disappointing fifth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 692]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069017-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Competitions\nThe Laurels and St Leger were next up, with both carrying increased winner's prizes (\u00a31,000) for the St Leger and (\u00a3875) for the Wimbledon Stadium event, constituting the second and third best sums on offer behind the Derby. Black Mire stepped up in distance for the St Leger and ran out an easy winner. The anticipated match up against Drastic O'Leer in the final failed to come to fruition, after the latter was withdrawn from the final. Earlier in the year Drastic O'Leer had won nine races in a row before losing in the Longcross Cup final. Ballylanigan Tanist further enhanced his reputation adding the Laurels trophy to his winning record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 699]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069017-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Competitions\nWalthamstow Stadium also increased the Grand Prix event to \u00a3750 and an extraordinary competition took place after the track record was broken four times. In the heats Ballyoulster Deemster recorded 29.76, followed by Rushton Smutty in 29.74. In the second round Olivers Lad was timed at 29.73 and during the semi-finals Rushton Smutty broke the record again with a 29.70 run before winning the final (his 16 win from his last 18 starts). Scurry champion Defence Leader finished runner up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069017-0007-0000", "contents": "1951 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, News\nTrainer Stan Biss retired and his kennels were taken over by a Pam Heasman and Jimmy Jowett joined Warrington. Biss died the following year, after suffering a stroke.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 45], "content_span": [46, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069017-0008-0000", "contents": "1951 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, News\nHurdle racing finally allowed races with six greyhounds after being sanctioned by the National Greyhound Racing Club (NGRC) with plans to hold the first six runner Grand National the following year, this would be the first time since 1927 that this was allowed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 45], "content_span": [46, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069017-0009-0000", "contents": "1951 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, News\nAt the famous Aldridge's sales the greyhounds of Frank Davis came up for sale, Red Wind was bought for a record 610 guineas by Arthur Roberts of Torquay. This was followed by 1948 Irish Greyhound Derby champion Western Post, who was led from the bench unsold. Roberts's plans for Red Wind were probably flapping (independent racing) because the greyhound could not race under NGRC rules.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 45], "content_span": [46, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069017-0010-0000", "contents": "1951 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Ireland\nSpanish Chestnut was mated with Ballyseedy Memory and in August whelped a large litter of nine, one of the litter was named Spanish Battleship. The fawn brindle dog was reared by Sheila O'Connor sister of Tim O'Connor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069018-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 UMass Redmen football team\nThe 1951 UMass Redmen football team represented the University of Massachusetts Amherst in the 1951 college football season as a member of the Yankee Conference. The team was coached by Thomas Eck and played its home games at Alumni Field in Amherst, Massachusetts. The 1951 season was Eck's last as coach of the Minutemen. UMass finished the season with a record of 3\u20134\u20131 overall and 2\u20130 in conference play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069019-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 USAF resolution test chart\nA 1951 USAF resolution test chart is a microscopic optical resolution test device originally defined by the U.S. Air Force MIL-STD-150A standard of 1951. The design provides numerous small target shapes exhibiting a stepped assortment of precise spatial frequency specimens. It is widely used in optical engineering laboratory work to analyze and validate imaging systems such as microscopes, cameras and image scanners.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069019-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 USAF resolution test chart\nThe full standard pattern consists of 9 groups, with each group consisting of 6 elements; thus there are 54 target elements provided in the full series. Each element consists of three bars which form a minimal Ronchi ruling. These 54 elements are provided in a standardized series of logarithmic steps in the spatial frequency range from 0.250 to 912.3 line pairs per millimeter (lp/mm). The series of elements spans the range of resolution of the unaided eye, down to the diffraction limits of conventional light microscopy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069019-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 USAF resolution test chart\nCommercially produced devices typically consist of a transparent square glass slide, 2 inches or 50mm in dimension. The slide is printed in metallic chromium via photolithography with the standard pattern, photographically reduced from a large master plot. Slides are available as photographic positive or negative prints to best fit the illumination technique used in various testing methods. A less expensive, abbreviated version omits the two tiniest groups at the center of the pattern (Group Number 8 and 9), since the lithography at that scale is costly, and the group elements represent resolution beyond the design of many imaging applications.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 684]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069019-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 USAF resolution test chart\nIn practice, the spatial resolution of an imaging system is measured by simply inspecting the system's image of the slide. The largest element observed without distinct image contrast indicates the approximate resolution limit. This element's label is noted by the observer (each group, and each element within a group, is labeled with a single digit). This pair of digits indicates a given element's row and column location in the series table, which in turn defines the spatial frequency of each element, and thus the available resolution of the system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069019-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 USAF resolution test chart\nAn analytical characterization of resolution as the modulation transfer function is available by plotting the observed image contrast as a function of the various element spatial frequencies. Optical aberrations in the imaging system are readily detected and characterized by translating and rotating the elements within the imaging system's field of view.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069019-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 USAF resolution test chart, Pattern format\nThe common MIL-STD-150A format consists of six groups in a compact spiral arrangement of three layers. The largest two groups, forming the first layer, are located on the outer sides. The smaller layers consist of repeating progressively smaller pairs toward the center. Each group consists of six elements, numbered from 1 to 6. Within the same layer, the odd-numbered groups appear contiguously from 1 through 6 from the upper right corner. The first element of the even-numbered groups is at the lower right of the layer, with the remaining 2 through 6, at the left. The scales and dimensions of the bars are given by the expression", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 47], "content_span": [48, 683]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069019-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 USAF resolution test chart, Pattern format\nalthough usually the following lookup table will be more convenient to use. The line pair (lp) means a black and a white line.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 47], "content_span": [48, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069020-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 USC Trojans baseball team\nThe 1951 USC Trojans baseball team represented the University of Southern California in the 1951 NCAA baseball season. The Trojans played their home games at Bovard Field. The team was coached by Rod Dedeaux in his 10th year at USC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069020-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 USC Trojans baseball team\nThe Trojans won the California Intercollegiate Baseball Association championship, the Pacific Coast Conference Tournament and advanced to the College World Series, where they were defeated by the Tennessee Volunteers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069021-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 USC Trojans football team\nThe 1951 USC Trojans football team represented the University of Southern California in the 1951 college football season. The Trojans finished the  season with a 7\u20133 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069021-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 USC Trojans football team, 1952 NFL Draft\nThe following players were drafted into professional football following the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069022-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 USSR Chess Championship\nThe 1951 Soviet Chess Championship was the 19th edition of USSR Chess Championship. Held from 11 November to 14 December 1951 in Moscow. The tournament was won by Paul Keres. The final were preceded by quarter-finals events and four semifinals (at Leningrad, Baku, Sverdlovsky and Lvov).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069023-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 United Kingdom census\nThe United Kingdom Census 1951 was a census of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland carried out on 8 April 1951. It was the first to ask about household amenities and the largest so far attempted in the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069023-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 United Kingdom census\nThere was no census taken in 1941 due to the Second World War, but the register compiled as a result of the National Registration Act 1939, which was released into the public domain on a subscription basis in 2015 with some redactions, captures many of the same details as a census.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069023-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 United Kingdom census, Release\nThe census was conducted under the Census Act 1920 which prohibits disclosure. It is expected, however, that it will be released in 2052. Because there was no census in 1941 and the records from the 1931 census were destroyed, this will be the first census release for thirty years since the 1921 census due to be released in 2022.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 35], "content_span": [36, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069024-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 United Kingdom general election\nThe 1951 United Kingdom general election was held twenty months after the 1950 general election, which the Labour Party had won with a slim majority of just five seats. The Labour government called a snap election for Thursday 25 October 1951 in the hope of increasing its parliamentary majority. However, despite winning the popular vote and achieving both the highest-ever total vote (until it was surpassed by the Conservative Party in 1992) and highest percentage vote share, Labour won fewer seats than the Conservative Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069024-0000-0001", "contents": "1951 United Kingdom general election\nThis election marked the return of Winston Churchill as Prime Minister, and the beginning of Labour's thirteen-year spell in opposition. This was the final general election to be held with George VI as monarch, as he died the following year on 6 February and was succeeded by his daughter, Elizabeth II. This was also the last election in which the Conservatives did better in Scotland than in England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069024-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 United Kingdom general election\nThe 1951 election was the second one to be covered on BBC Television. On election night, the results were televised from the BBC Lime Grove Studios in London. Graham Hutton, David Butler and H. G. Nicholas headed the election night coverage from 10.15pm until 4.00am on the television service. On the following day, television coverage started at 10.00am and continued throughout the day until 5.00pm.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069024-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 United Kingdom general election, Background\nClement Attlee had decided to call the election because of the King's concerns that, when leaving the country to go on his planned Commonwealth tour in 1952 with a government that had such a slim majority, there would be a possibility of a change of government in his absence. (As it transpired, the King became too ill to travel and delegated the tour to his daughter Princess Elizabeth shortly before his death in February 1952).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069024-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 United Kingdom general election, Background\nThe Labour government, which by now had implemented most of its manifesto from the 1945 election, was beginning to lose cabinet ministers, such as Ernest Bevin and Stafford Cripps due to old age. The Conservative Party, however, after the previous year's election, had more new MPs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069024-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 United Kingdom general election, Campaign\nLabour's manifesto stated that the party \"proud of its record, sure in its policies\u2014confidently asks the electors to renew its mandate\". It identified four key tasks facing the United Kingdom which it would tackle: the need to work for peace, the need to work to \"maintain full employment and to increase production\", the need to reduce cost of living, and the need to \"build a just society\". The manifesto argued that only a Labour government could achieve these tasks. It also contrasted the Britain of 1951 with that of the interwar years (when there had largely been Conservative-led governments), saying this period saw \"mass-unemployment; mass fear; mass misery\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 46], "content_span": [47, 716]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069024-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 United Kingdom general election, Campaign\nWhile Labour began to have some policy divisions during the election campaign, the Conservatives ran an efficient campaign that was well-funded and orchestrated. Their manifesto Britain Strong and Free stressed that safeguarding \"our traditional way of life\" was integral to the Conservative purpose. Significantly, they did not propose to dismantle the welfare state or the National Health Service which the Labour government had established. The manifesto did, however, promise to \"stop all further nationalisation\" and to repeal the Steel Act introduced by the Labour government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 46], "content_span": [47, 629]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069024-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 United Kingdom general election, Campaign\nAs for the Liberal Party, its poor election results in 1950 only worsened; unable to get the same insurance against losses of deposits that it did in the previous year, it was able to field only 109 candidates as opposed to 478 in 1950, and thus posted the worst general election result in the party's history, getting just 2.5% of the vote and winning only six seats. The Liberals' (and later the Liberal Democrats') popular vote total has not fallen so low since, though their lowest total of six seats would be matched in several future elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 46], "content_span": [47, 597]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069024-0007-0000", "contents": "1951 United Kingdom general election, Campaign\nFour candidates were returned unopposed, all Ulster Unionists in Northern Ireland. This was the last general election in which any candidates were returned unopposed, although there have since been unopposed by-elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 46], "content_span": [47, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069024-0008-0000", "contents": "1951 United Kingdom general election, Campaign\nThe subsequent Labour defeat was significant for several reasons: the party polled almost a quarter of a million votes more than the Conservative Party and its National Liberal Party ally combined; won the most votes that Labour has ever won (as of 2019); and won the most votes of any political party in any election in British political history, a number not surpassed until the Conservative Party's victory in 1992.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 46], "content_span": [47, 465]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069024-0009-0000", "contents": "1951 United Kingdom general election, Campaign\nDespite this, the Conservative Party formed the next government with a majority of 17 seats. Under the first past the post electoral system, many Labour votes were \"wasted\" as part of large majorities for MPs in safe seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 46], "content_span": [47, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069024-0010-0000", "contents": "1951 United Kingdom general election, Campaign\nThis was the fourth of five elections in the twentieth century where a party lost the popular vote, but won the most seats. The others were January 1910, December 1910, 1929 and February 1974; it also happened in the 1874 election. The 1951 and 1874 elections are the only two examples of a political force winning an overall majority while losing the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 46], "content_span": [47, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069025-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 United Kingdom general election in Northern Ireland\nThe 1951 United Kingdom general election in Northern Ireland was held on 25 October as part of the wider general election with 12 MPs elected in single-seat constituencies using first-past-the-post.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069025-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 United Kingdom general election in Northern Ireland, Results\nThe Ulster Unionists lost one seat to Jack Beattie, formerly an Independent Labour MP but now standing for the Irish Labour Party. Four Ulster Unionist candidates were returned unopposed, the last UK general election in which any candidates were so returned.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [58, 65], "content_span": [66, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069025-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 United Kingdom general election in Northern Ireland, Results\nIn the election as a whole, the Labour Party government led by Clement Attlee, which had won with a narrow majority in the previous election, lost out to the Conservative Party, which included the Ulster Unionists, led by Sir Winston Churchill, who returned as Prime Minister.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [58, 65], "content_span": [66, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069026-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 United States gubernatorial elections\nUnited States gubernatorial elections were held in 1951, in three states. Kentucky, Louisiana and Mississippi hold their gubernatorial elections in odd numbered years, every 4 years, preceding the United States presidential election year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069027-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Uruguayan Primera Divisi\u00f3n, Overview\nIt was contested by 10 teams, and Pe\u00f1arol won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 41], "content_span": [42, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069028-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Uruguayan constitutional referendum\nA constitutional referendum was held in Uruguay on 16 December 1951. The proposed amendments to the constitution were approved by 54% of voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069028-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Uruguayan constitutional referendum, Proposals\nThe proposed changes to the constitution were presented to the General Assembly on 31 June 1951. The Chamber of Deputies approved it by a vote of 85 to 14 on 10 October, whilst the Senate approved it by a vote of 26 to 4 on 26 October.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 51], "content_span": [52, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069028-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Uruguayan constitutional referendum, Aftermath\nThe colegiado system was reintroduced prior to the 1954 general elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 51], "content_span": [52, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069029-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Utah Redskins baseball team\nThe 1951 Utah Redskins baseball team represented the University of Utah in the 1951 NCAA baseball season. The Redskins played their home games at Derks Field. The team was coached by Pete Carlston in his 2nd year at Utah.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069029-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Utah Redskins baseball team\nThe Redskins won the District VII playoff to advance to the College World Series, where they were defeated by the Tennessee Volunteers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069030-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Utah Redskins football team\nThe 1951 Utah Redskins football team represented the University of Utah during the 1951 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069030-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Utah Redskins football team, NFL draft\nUtah had two players selected in the 1952 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 96]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069031-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Utah State Aggies football team\nThe 1951 Utah State Aggies football team was an American football team that represented Utah State University in the Skyline Conference during the 1951 college football season. In their first season under head coach John Roning, the Aggies compiled a 3\u20135\u20131 record (2\u20134\u20131 against Skyline opponents), finished sixth in the Skyline Conference, and were outscored by opponents by a total of 183 to 161.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069032-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election\nThe first Legislative Assembly elections were held in Uttar Pradesh in 1951. The Indian National Congress won by a comfortable margin with 388 of the 430 Vidhan Sabha seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069033-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 VFA season\nThe 1951 Victorian Football Association season was the 70th season of the Australian rules football competition. The premiership was won by the Prahran Football Club, after it defeated Port Melbourne by nine points in the Grand Final on 6 October. It was Prahran's second VFA premiership.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069033-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 VFA season, Association membership\nFor the first time since 1929, the membership of the Association changed, expanding from twelve clubs to fourteen. The Association saw itself in a strong enough position to provide the opportunity for top level senior football in the booming outer suburbs which were experiencing strong post-war growth. In August 1950, the Association delegates unanimously voted to admit two new clubs for 1951:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 39], "content_span": [40, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069033-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 VFA season, Premiership\nThe home-and-home season was played over twenty matches, before the top four clubs contested a finals series under the Page\u2013McIntyre system to determine the premiers for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 28], "content_span": [29, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069034-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 VFL Grand Final\nThe 1951 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Geelong Football Club and Essendon Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on 29 September 1951. It was the 55th annual Grand Final of the Victorian Football League, staged to determine the premiers for the 1951 VFL season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069034-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 VFL Grand Final, The match, Geelong\nThe match, attended by 84,109 spectators, was won by Geelong by 11 points (the club's fourth premiership). The win by Geelong \u2014 its first since winning the 1937 VFL Grand Final \u2014 capped off a brilliant season; the team won the Minor Premiership, its back-pocket, Bernie Smith, won the Brownlow Medal, and its full-forward, George Goninon, was the league's leading goalkicker.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 40], "content_span": [41, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069034-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 VFL Grand Final, The match, Essendon\nThis was the sixth successive Grand Final appearance for Essendon, the reigning premiers, who were attempting to win three successive flags, after having defeated Carlton in the 1949 VFL Grand Final and North Melbourne in the 1950 VFL Grand Final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 41], "content_span": [42, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069034-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 VFL Grand Final, The match, Essendon\nEssendon went into the match without star full-forward John Coleman who had been suspended in controversial circumstances for four matches. On the day of the match, champion ruckman John Gill had a heavy cold and declared himself unfit to play. At the last minute, the Essendon coach, Dick Reynolds, who had retired the year before, was re-registered as a player; Fred Payne replaced Gill in the run-on team, and Reynolds became 19th Man.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 41], "content_span": [42, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069035-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 VFL Lightning Premiership\nThe 1951 VFL Lightning Premiership was an Australian rules football knockout competition played entirely on Wednesday, 9 May. It was played on the Jubilee Day holiday, held to celebrate 50 years of Federation of Australia, between rounds 3 and 4 of the Victorian Football League's 1951 season with all games played at the MCG. This was the fourth time a lightning premiership had been contested in the VFL, the first since 1943. It was contested by the 12 VFL teams who competed in the 1951 VFL season. A total of 25,882 people attended the competition. Collingwood won its second Lighting Premiership competition defeating Melbourne in the final by 6 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 690]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069036-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 VFL season\nThe 1951 Victorian Football League season was the 55th season of the elite Australian rules football competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069036-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 VFL season, Premiership season\nIn 1951, the VFL competition consisted of twelve teams of 18 on-the-field players each, plus two substitute players, known as the 19th man and the 20th man. A player could be substituted for any reason; however, once substituted, a player could not return to the field of play under any circumstances.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 35], "content_span": [36, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069036-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 VFL season, Premiership season\nTeams played each other in a home-and-away season of 18 rounds; matches 12 to 18 were the \"home-and-way reverse\" of matches 1 to 7.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 35], "content_span": [36, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069036-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 VFL season, Premiership season\nOnce the 18 round home-and-away season had finished, the 1951 VFL Premiers were determined by the specific format and conventions of the Page\u2013McIntyre system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 35], "content_span": [36, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069037-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 VMI Keydets football team\nThe 1951 VMI Keydets football team represented the Virginia Military Institute during the 1951 college football season. The team was Southern Conference co-champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069038-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 VPI Gobblers football team\nThe 1951 VPI Gobblers football team represented the Virginia Polytechnic Institute in the 1951 college football season. The team was led by their first-year head coach Frank Moseley and finished with a record of two wins and eight losses (2\u20138).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069038-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 VPI Gobblers football team, Players\nThe following players were members of the 1951 football team according to the roster published in the 1952 edition of The Bugle, the Virginia Tech yearbook.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 40], "content_span": [41, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069039-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Vanderbilt Commodores football team\nThe 1951 Vanderbilt Commodores football team represented Vanderbilt University during the 1951 college football season. The team's head coach was Bill Edwards, who was in his third season as the Commodores' head coach. Members of the Southeastern Conference, the Commodores played their home games at Dudley Field in Nashville, Tennessee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069040-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Venezuelan Primera Divisi\u00f3n season\nThe 1951 season of the Venezuelan Primera Divisi\u00f3n, the top category of Venezuelan football, was played by 6 teams. The national champions were Universidad Central.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069041-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Vermont Catamounts football team\nThe 1951 Vermont Catamounts football team was an American football team that represented  the University of Vermont in the Yankee Conference during the 1951 college football season. In their ninth year under head coach John C. Evans, the team compiled a 0\u20137 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069042-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Villanova Wildcats football team\nThe 1951 Villanova Wildcats football team represented the Villanova University during the 1951 college football season. The head coach was Art Raimo, coaching his first season with the Wildcats. The team played their home games at Villanova Stadium in Villanova, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069043-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Vincentian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines in 1951. The result was a victory for the Eighth Army of Liberation, which won all eight seats. Voter turnout was 69.7%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069044-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Virginia Cavaliers football team\nThe 1951 Virginia Cavaliers football team represented the University of Virginia during the 1951 college football season. The Cavaliers were led by sixth-year head coach Art Guepe and played their home games at Scott Stadium in Charlottesville, Virginia. They finished with 8 wins for the second consecutive year, and were invited to play in the Orange Bowl, but University President Colgate Darden declined the invitation. Virginia was ranked 13th in the final AP Poll of the season, the first ranked finish in school history. It is to date the school's highest finish in a final poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 624]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069045-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Volta a Catalunya\nThe 1951 Volta a Catalunya was the 31st edition of the Volta a Catalunya cycle race and was held from 13 September to 23 September 1951. The race started in Sant Esteve Sesrovires and finished in Barcelona. The race was won by Primo Volpi.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069046-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 WANFL season\nThe 1951 WANFL season was the 67th season of senior football in Perth, Western Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069047-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team\nThe 1951 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team was an American football team that represented Wake Forest University during the 1951 college football season. The team compiled a 6\u20134 record and finished in a tie for seventh place in the Southern Conference. After 14 seasons under head coach Peahead Walker, Tom Rogers took over as head coach in 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069047-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team\nEnd Jack Lewis and tackle Bill George were selected by the Associated Press as first-team players on the 1951 All-Southern Conference football team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069048-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Walker Cup\nThe 1951 Walker Cup, the 13th Walker Cup Match, was played on 11 and 12 May 1951, at Royal Birkdale Golf Club, Southport, Lancashire, England. The United States won by 6 matches to 3 with 3 matches halved.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069048-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Walker Cup, Format\nFour 36-hole matches of foursomes were played on Friday and eight singles matches on Saturday. Each of the 12 matches was worth one point in the larger team competition. If a match was all square after the 36th hole extra holes were not played. The team with most points won the competition. If the two teams were tied, the previous winner would retain the trophy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 23], "content_span": [24, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069048-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Walker Cup, Teams\nGreat Britain & Ireland had a team of 10 plus a non-playing captain. The United States only selected a team of 9, which included a playing captain. Frank Deighton was in the Great Britain & Ireland team but was not selected for any matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 22], "content_span": [23, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069048-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Walker Cup, Friday's foursomes\nJimmy Bruen, who was paired with John Llewellyn Morgan, had a recurrence of a wrist injury during his match. The match was close until the 8th hole on the afternoon round but, with Bruen's wrist getting worse, the American pair of Turnesa and Urzetta then won 6 holes in a row to win 5&4. Bruen withdrew from the singles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 35], "content_span": [36, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069049-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Washington Huskies football team\nThe 1951 Washington Huskies football team was an American football team that represented the University of Washington during the 1951 college football season. In its fourth season under head coach Howard Odell, the team compiled a 3\u20136\u20131 record, finished in seventh place in the Pacific Coast Conference, and outscored its opponents by a combined total of 273 to 218. Ted Holzknecht was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069049-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Washington Huskies football team, Game summaries, USC\nThe highlight of the 1951 contest came in the fourth quarter when Hugh McElhenny returned a punt from Des Koch for 100 yards, running past Frank Gifford on his way to the end zone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 58], "content_span": [59, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069049-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Washington Huskies football team, NFL Draft selections\nTwo University of Washington Huskies were selected in the 1952 NFL Draft, which lasted thirty rounds with 360 selections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 59], "content_span": [60, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069050-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Washington Redskins season\nThe 1951 Washington Redskins season was the franchise's 20th season in the National Football League (NFL) and their 14th in Washington, D.C.. The team improved on their 3\u20139 record from 1950 and finished 5-7.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069050-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Washington Redskins season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 42], "content_span": [43, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069050-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Washington Redskins season, Standings\nThis article relating to a Washington Football Team season is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 42], "content_span": [43, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069051-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Washington Senators season\nThe 1951 Washington Senators won 62 games, lost 92, and finished in seventh place in the American League. They were managed by Bucky Harris and played home games at Griffith Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069051-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 76], "content_span": [77, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069051-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 69], "content_span": [70, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069051-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 74], "content_span": [75, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069051-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069051-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 72], "content_span": [73, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069052-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Washington State Cougars football team\nThe 1951 Washington State Cougars football team was an American football team that represented Washington State College during the 1951 college football season. Second-year head coach Forest Evashevski led the team to a 4\u20133 mark in the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) and 7\u20133 overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069052-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Washington State Cougars football team\nThree home games were played on campus in Pullman at Rogers Field, and two in Spokane, both at\u00a0night. The\u00a0Cougars defeated rival Washington by two points for their first win in Seattle in 21 years, and were in the top twenty in both final\u00a0polls.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069052-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Washington State Cougars football team\nAfter the season, Evashevski left for Iowa in early January, and backs coach Al Kircher was promoted the following\u00a0week.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069053-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1951 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship was the 51st staging of the Waterford Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Waterford County Board in 1897.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069053-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship\nOn 7 October 1951, Mount Sion won the championship after a 7-08 to 0-09 defeat of Dungarvan in the final. This was their 8th championship title overall and their first title since 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069054-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Wayne Tartars football team\nThe 1951 Wayne Tartars football team represented Wayne University (later renamed Wayne State University) as an independent during the 1951 college football season. Under second-year head coach Louis F. Zarza, the team compiled a 5\u20134 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069055-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 West Virginia Mountaineers football team\nThe 1951 West Virginia Mountaineers football team was an American football team that represented West Virginia University in the Southern Conference (SoCon) during the 1951 college football season. In its second season under head coach Art Lewis, the team compiled a 5\u20135 record (2\u20133 against SoCon opponents), tied for 10th place in the conference, and outscored opponents by a total of 225 to 190. The team played its home games at Mountaineer Field in Morgantown, West Virginia. James Danter and Kereazis Konstantinos were the team captains.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 588]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069056-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Western Michigan Broncos football team\nThe 1951 Western Michigan Broncos football team represented Western Michigan College of Education (later renamed Western Michigan University) in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1951 college football season. In their 10th season under head coach John Gill, the Broncos compiled a 4\u20134 record (0\u20134 against MAC opponents), finished in sixth place in the MAC, and outscored their opponents, 164 to 160. The team played its home games at Waldo Stadium in Kalamazoo, Michigan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069056-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Western Michigan Broncos football team\nTackle Bill Pitkin was the team captain. Offensive guard Ron Gow received the team's most outstanding player award.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069057-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Western Reserve Red Cats football team\nThe 1951 Western Reserve Red Cats football team represented the Western Reserve University in the American city of Cleveland, Ohio, now known as Case Western Reserve University, during the 1951 college football season. The Red Cats were a member of the Mid-American Conference (MAC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069057-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Western Reserve Red Cats football team\nThe team was coached by Edward L. Finnigan and assisted by Wes Stevens.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069057-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Western Reserve Red Cats football team\nAs the new home stadium, the expanded Clarke Field officially opened October 6, 1951 against the Kent State Golden Flashes. The new stadium had a capacity of 10,000 and the press box accommodated 100.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069058-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Western Samoan general election\nGeneral elections were held in Western Samoa on 27 April 1951. Although the 1948 elections had been fought by two political parties, the 1951 elections saw all candidates run as independents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069058-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Western Samoan general election, Electoral system\nThe Legislative Assembly included twelve Samoans elected by the Fono of Faipule and five Europeans members directly elected by people with European status, which included people of mixed European and Samoan descent. Prior to the elections, Chinese residents had been granted European status, with 164 registering to vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 54], "content_span": [55, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069059-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Westhoughton by-election\nThe Westhoughton by-election took place on 21 June 1951. The contest followed the resignation of the sitting Labour Party Member of Parliament, Rhys Davies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069059-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Westhoughton by-election\nIn April 1951 Davies, who had held the Westhoughton constituency in south Lancashire for thirty years, announced that he would not be standing for parliament again. At the time he was Labour's longest serving MP. He subsequently resigned from the Commons due to ill health, and the writ to hold a by-election to fill the vacancy was moved on 31 May. At the time of Davies's resignation, the Labour Party held a slim majority of only five seats, following the 1950 general election. Davies had secured a majority of nearly 12,000 votes over the Conservatives in 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069059-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Westhoughton by-election\nNominations for the by-election closed on 12 June, and there were only two candidates: Tom Price, the forty-eight-year-old chief legal officer of the Union of Shop, Distributive and Allied Workers for the Labour Party; and Frank J. Land, a thirty-eight-year-old master baker from Bolton for the Conservatives.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069059-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Westhoughton by-election\nPrice belonged to the same trades union as Davies, and had strong connections with south Lancashire. Land was a member of the Bolton Chamber of Trade, and vice-chairman of Bolton Young Conservatives. On 14 June, Winston Churchill, Conservative leader, issued a statement in support of Land and attacking the Labour government who he blamed for the fall in the value of the pound. Price campaigned on the record of the Labour government, claiming it had done a great deal to improve the life of ordinary people. Land called for an end to nationalisation of industries, claiming this led to higher prices. Both candidates supported a programme of building large numbers of council houses.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 716]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069059-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 Westhoughton by-election, Results\nPrice retained the seat comfortably for the government, although with a reduced majority:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069060-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Wichita Shockers football team\nThe 1951 Wichita Shockers football team was an American football team that represented Wichita University (now known as Wichita State University) as a member of the Missouri Valley Conference during the 1951 college football season. In its first season under head coach Robert S. Carlson, the team compiled a 2\u20137 record (2\u20134 against conference opponents), tied for fifth place out of seven teams in the MVC, and was outscored by a total of 200 to 74. The team played its home games at Veterans Field, now known as Cessna Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069061-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Wightman Cup\nThe 1951 Wightman Cup was the 23rd edition of the annual women's team tennis competition between the United States and Great Britain. It was held at the Longwood Cricket Club, Chestnut Hills, Massachusetts, United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069062-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 William & Mary Indians football team\nThe 1951 William & Mary Indians football team represented William & Mary during the 1951 college football season. The season was notable for a scandal that involved former head coach Rube McCray tampering with football players' transcripts and credits to enable NCAA eligibility.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069063-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Wimbledon Championships\nThe 1951 Wimbledon Championships took place on the outdoor grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in Wimbledon, London, United Kingdom. The tournament was held from Monday 25 June until Saturday 7 July 1951. It was the 65th staging of the Wimbledon Championships, and the third Grand Slam tennis event of 1951. Dick Savitt and Doris Hart won the singles titles; Hart also won both the women's doubles and mixed doubles, completing the triple crown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069063-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Wimbledon Championships, Finals, Men's Doubles\nKen McGregor /  Frank Sedgman defeated  Jaroslav Drobn\u00fd /  Eric Sturgess, 3\u20136, 6\u20132, 6\u20133, 3\u20136, 6\u20133", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 51], "content_span": [52, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069063-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Wimbledon Championships, Finals, Women's Doubles\nShirley Fry /  Doris Hart defeated  Louise Brough /  Margaret duPont, 6\u20133, 13\u201311", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 53], "content_span": [54, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069063-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 Wimbledon Championships, Finals, Mixed Doubles\nFrank Sedgman /  Doris Hart defeated  Mervyn Rose /  Nancye Bolton, 7\u20135, 6\u20132", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 51], "content_span": [52, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069064-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Boys' Singles\nJohann Kupferburger defeated Kamel Moubarek in the final, 8\u20136, 6\u20134 to win the Boys' Singles tennis title at the 1951 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069065-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Girls' Singles\nLorna Cornell defeated Silvana Lazzarino in the final, 6\u20133, 6\u20134 to win the Girls' Singles tennis title at the 1951 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069066-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Doubles\nJohn Bromwich and Adrian Quist were the defending champions, but did not compete.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069066-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Doubles\nKen McGregor and Frank Sedgman defeated Jaroslav Drobn\u00fd and Eric Sturgess in the final, 3\u20136, 6\u20132, 6\u20133, 3\u20136, 6\u20133 to win the Gentlemen' Doubles tennis title at the 1951 Wimbledon Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069066-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Doubles, Seeds\nClick on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069067-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nIn the 1951 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Gentlemen's Singles tennis competition, Dick Savitt defeated Ken McGregor in the final, 6\u20134, 6\u20134, 6\u20134 to win the title. He was the second ever American to win the Wimbledon and Australian tournaments in the same year. Number 4 seed Budge Patty was the defending champion, but lost in the second round to another American, the unseeded 17-year-old Ham Richardson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069067-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Singles, Progress of the competition\nAfter defeating Patty, Richardson went out in the fourth round, losing to another unseeded player, the Brazilian Armando Vieira; this was Vieira's most successful Wimbledon, but he lost in the quarterfinals to South Africa's Eric Sturgess, a former world number one, in straight sets. McGregor reached the final by defeating Sturgess in the semifinals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 73], "content_span": [74, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069067-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Singles, Seeds\nClick on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069068-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Mixed Doubles\nEric Sturgess and Louise Brough were the defending champions, but lost in the semifinals to Mervyn Rose and Nancye Bolton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069068-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Mixed Doubles\nFrank Sedgman and Doris Hart defeated Rose and Bolton in the final, 7\u20135, 6\u20133 to win the Mixed Doubles tennis title at the 1951 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069068-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Mixed Doubles, Seeds\nClick on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069069-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Women's Doubles\nShirley Fry and Doris Hart defeated the defending champions Louise Brough and Margaret duPont in the final, 6\u20133, 13\u201311 to win the Ladies' Doubles tennis title at the 1951 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069069-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Women's Doubles, Seeds\nClick on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 53], "content_span": [54, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069070-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Women's Singles\nDoris Hart defeated Shirley Fry in the final, 6\u20131, 6\u20130 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1951 Wimbledon Championships. Louise Brough was the defending champion, but lost in the semifinals to Fry.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069070-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Women's Singles, Seeds\nClick on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 53], "content_span": [54, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069070-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Women's Singles, Seeds\nPat Todd withdrew before the tournament began. She was replaced in the draw by Lucky Loser Madzy Couquerque.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 53], "content_span": [54, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069071-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Wisconsin Badgers football team\nThe 1951 Wisconsin Badgers football team represented the University of Wisconsin in the 1951 Big Ten Conference football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069072-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Wis\u0142a Krak\u00f3w season\nThe 1951 season was Wis\u0142a Krak\u00f3w's 43rd year as a club. Wis\u0142a was under the name of Gwardia Krak\u00f3w.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069073-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Women's British Open Squash Championship\nThe 1951 Ladies Open Championships was held at the Lansdowne Club in London from 5\u201311 February 1951. Janet Morgan won her second title defeating Joan Curry in a repeat of the 1950 final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069073-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Women's British Open Squash Championship, Seeds\nA V M Isaac  Marjorie Townsend  Helen Lacy-Hulbert  Rachel Byrne", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 52], "content_span": [53, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069073-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Women's British Open Squash Championship, Draw and results, First round\ndenotes seed *Mrs Audrey Bayes (Wal 4*) withdrew because of influenza", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 76], "content_span": [77, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069074-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Women's European Volleyball Championship\nThe 1951 Women's European Volleyball Championship was the third edition of the event, organised by Europe's governing volleyball body, the Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration Europ\u00e9enne de Volleyball. It was hosted in Paris, France from 15 to 22 September 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069074-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Women's European Volleyball Championship, Format\nThe tournament was played in two different stages. In the first stage, the six participants were divided into two groups of three teams. The winners and runners-up of each group advanced to a second stage of a single group containing four teams. All groups in both stages played a single round-robin format.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 53], "content_span": [54, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069075-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Women's Western Open\nThe 1951 Women's Western Open was a golf competition held at Whitemarsh Valley Country Club, which was the 22nd edition of the event. Patty Berg won the championship in match play competition by defeating Pat O'Sullivan in the final match, 2-up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069076-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Woolwich East by-election\nThe Woolwich East by-election of 14 June 1951 was held after the death of Labour MP Ernest Bevin. The seat was safe, having been won at the 1950 United Kingdom general election by over 12,000 votes", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069077-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 World Fencing Championships\nThe 1951 World Fencing Championships were held in Stockholm, Sweden.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069078-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 World Figure Skating Championships\nThe World Figure Skating Championships is an annual figure skating competition sanctioned by the International Skating Union in which figure skaters compete for the title of World Champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069078-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 World Figure Skating Championships\nThe 1951 championships took place on February 23\u201325 in Milan, Italy. It was the first year after World War II that athletes from Germany and Japan were allowed to participate in international sport competition as this World Figure Skating Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069078-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 World Figure Skating Championships, Results, Ladies\n*: better placed due to the majority of the better placings", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 56], "content_span": [57, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069079-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 World Series\nThe 1951 World Series matched the two-time defending champion New York Yankees against the New York Giants, who had won the National League pennant in a thrilling three-game playoff with the Brooklyn Dodgers on the legendary home run by Bobby Thomson (the Shot Heard 'Round the World).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069079-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 World Series\nIn the Series, the Yankees showed some power of their own, including Gil McDougald's grand slam home run in Game\u00a05, at the Polo Grounds. The Yankees won the Series in six games, for their third straight title and 14th overall. This would be the last World Series for Joe DiMaggio, who retired afterward, and the first for rookies Willie Mays and Mickey Mantle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069079-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 World Series\nThis was the last Subway Series the Giants played in. Both teams would meet again eleven years later after the Giants relocated to San Francisco. They have not played a World Series against each other since. This was the first World Series announced by Bob Sheppard, who was in his first year as Yankee Stadium's public address announcer. It was also the first World Series to be televised exclusively by one network (NBC) as well as the first to be televised nationwide, as coaxial cable had recently linked both coasts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069079-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 World Series, Background\nThis World Series also matched up two of baseball's most colorful managers, Casey Stengel of the Yankees and Leo Durocher of the Giants.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069079-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 World Series, Background\nThis was the 13th appearance by the Giants in Series play, their ninth loss, and their first appearance since the 1937 World Series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069079-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 World Series, Background\n\"The Commerce Comet arrives on the final voyage of the Yankee Clipper.\" (On the Yankees' side, the 1951 World Series was the first for Mickey Mantle and the final for Joe DiMaggio.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069079-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 World Series, Background\nMantle's bad luck with injuries in the Major Leagues began here. In the fifth inning of Game\u00a02 at Yankee Stadium, Mays flied to deep right center. DiMaggio and Mantle converged on the ball, DiMaggio called Mantle off, and Mantle stutter-stepped, catching a cleat in a drain cover, and fell to the ground in a heap with a wrenched knee as DiMaggio made the catch. Mantle was done for this Series, but would come back to play many more.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 464]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069079-0007-0000", "contents": "1951 World Series, Background\nNew York City became the first city to host an NBA Finals and a World Series in the same calendar year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069079-0008-0000", "contents": "1951 World Series, Summary\nAL New York Yankees (4) vs. NL New York Giants (2)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 26], "content_span": [27, 77]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069079-0009-0000", "contents": "1951 World Series, Matchups, Game 1\nMonte Irvin's daring baserunning got the Giants off to a fast start in this New York \u2013 New York series. He singled in the first inning, sped to third on Whitey Lockman's RBI single, then stole home off Yankee starter Allie Reynolds. The Yankees cut the Giants' lead to 2\u20131 in the second when Gil McDougald doubled with one out off Dave Koslo and scored on Jerry Coleman's single. The scored remained that way until the sixth when Alvin Dark's three-run home run gave the Giants a commanding 5\u20131 lead. Koslo pitched a complete game to give the Giants a 1\u20130 series lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 604]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069079-0010-0000", "contents": "1951 World Series, Matchups, Game 2\nThe first three batters Larry Jansen faced were Mickey Mantle, Phil Rizzuto and Gil McDougald, all of whom singled for a quick 1-0 Yankee lead. It could have been worse, but the next batter Joe DiMaggio bounced into a 6-4-3 double play and Yogi Berra struck out. The next inning, Joe Collins's home run extended the Yankees' lead to 2\u20130. Monte Irvin scored in the seventh, tagging and coming home on pinch-hitter Bill Rigney's bases-loaded sacrifice fly, as the Giants got within 2\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069079-0010-0001", "contents": "1951 World Series, Matchups, Game 2\nBut winning pitcher Eddie Lopat, who pitched a complete game, helped himself to an insurance run with an RBI single in the eighth after Bobby Brown hit a leadoff single and moved to second on a groundout off George Spencer. The Yankees' 3\u20131 win tied the series shifting to the Polo Grounds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069079-0011-0000", "contents": "1951 World Series, Matchups, Game 3\nThe Giants struck first in Game 1 when Bobby Thomson hit a leadoff double and scored on Willie Mays's single in the second, then a five-run fifth inning was the undoing of Yankee starter Vic Raschi. Eddie Stanky walked with one out, moved to third on an error, and scored on Al Dark's single. After a Hank Thompson single, another error on Monte Irvin's fielder's choice allowed another run to score and put two on, then a Whitey Lockman three-run home run gave Giants starter Jim Hearn a comfortable 6\u20130 lead. The Yankees scored a run in the eighth on a bases-loaded walk to Joe Collins, then in the ninth on Gene Woodling's home run off Sheldon Jones, who retired the next two batters to end the game and give the Giants a 2\u20131 series lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 777]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069079-0012-0000", "contents": "1951 World Series, Matchups, Game 4\nThe Giants struck first in Game 4 when Al Dark doubled with one out in the first off Allie Reynolds and scored on Monte Irvin's single, but the Yankees tied the game in the second on Joe Collins's RBI single with two on off Sal Maglie. After a single and walk, Reynolds's RBI single in the fourth put the Yankees up 2\u20131. Joe DiMaggio's first home run of the Series followed a Yogi Berra single in the fifth extended their lead to 4\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069079-0012-0001", "contents": "1951 World Series, Matchups, Game 4\nIn the seventh, reliever Sheldon Jones allowed a single and walk, then an error on a pickoff attempt allowed one run to score before Gil McDougald's RBI single made it 6\u20131 Yankees. Reynolds allowed a one-out RBI single to Bobby Thomson in the ninth before getting Willie Mays to hit into the game-ending double play as the Yankees tied the series with a 6\u20132 win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069079-0013-0000", "contents": "1951 World Series, Matchups, Game 5\nThe Giants struck first in Game 5 when Al Dark singled with one out in the first and scored on Monte Irvin's single aided by left fielder Gene Woodling's error, but starter Eddie Lopat kept them scoreless for the rest of the game while the Yankees hammered Larry Jansen, Monty Kennedy and George Spencer. After two one-out walks in the third, Joe DiMaggio's RBI single tied the game, then after an intentional walk loaded the bases, Gil McDougald's grand slam off Jansen put the Yankees up 5\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069079-0013-0001", "contents": "1951 World Series, Matchups, Game 5\nNext inning, Phil Rizzuto's home run off Kennedy after a walk extended their lead to 7\u20131. In the sixth, Rizzuto singled off Spencer before Yogi Berra's single and Johnny Mize's double scored a run each, making it 9\u20131 Yankees. In the seventh, a bases-loaded walk to Rizzuto forced in a run, then Al Corwin threw a wild pitch that let another run score before DiMaggio's two-run double capped the game's scoring at 13\u20131 Yankees, who were a win away from the World Series championship as the series returned to Yankee Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069079-0014-0000", "contents": "1951 World Series, Matchups, Game 6\nThe Yankees struck first in Game 6 on Gil McDougald's bases-loaded sacrifice fly in the first off Dave Koslo. The Giants tied the game in the fifth off Vic Raschi when Willie Mays hit a leadoff single, moved two bases on a wild pitch and sacrifice fly, and scored on Eddie Stanky's sacrifice fly. Playing right field in place of Mickey Mantle, Hank Bauer benefited from a tricky Yankee Stadium wind\u2014as well as the umpire's generous call of a ball on Dave Koslo's two-strike pitch\u2014to belt a bases-loaded triple in the sixth inning that would be the difference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 595]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069079-0014-0001", "contents": "1951 World Series, Matchups, Game 6\nBauer also ensured that the lead held up. Trailing 4\u20131 in the ninth, the Giants loaded the bases with no outs on three singles off Johnny Sain. Enter reliever Bob Kuzava, acquired in June from the Washington Senators. After two sacrifice flies and the score now 4\u20133, pinch hitter Sal Yvars hit a sinking liner to right. The stadium crowd gasped as Bauer momentarily lost the ball in the crowd's white shirts and the shadows. But he located it again and charged forward. Bauer, who played in nine World Series and always came through when it mattered most, slid on his knees to catch the ball inches off the ground to end the game and the 1951 World Series. Game\u00a06 was the last baseball game ever played by Joe DiMaggio.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 755]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069079-0015-0000", "contents": "1951 World Series, Composite line score\n1951 World Series (4\u20132): New York Yankees (A.L.) over New York Giants (N.L.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 39], "content_span": [40, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069080-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 World Snooker Championship\nThe 1951 World Snooker Championship was a professional snooker tournament. The final was held at the Tower Circus in Blackpool, England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069080-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 World Snooker Championship\nFor the fifth consecutive year, the final was contested by Fred Davis and Walter Donaldson. Davis won his third World title by defeating Donaldson 58\u201339 in the final. Donaldson made the highest break of the tournament with 106 in frame 32 of his semi-final match against Horace Lindrum.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069080-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 World Snooker Championship\nAfter defeating the then 42-year-old Sidney Smith \u2014 runner-up in the 1938 and 1939 championships \u2014 in the quarter-finals, the 15-year younger John Pulman reached the semi-finals, where he played against the eventual winner Fred Davis, before he retired and gave Davis an early bye into the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069080-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 World Snooker Championship, Qualifying\nJohn Barrie met Sydney Lee at Burroughes Hall in London from 6 to 8 November. Barrie led 7\u20135 after the first day  and 15\u20139 after two days. He made a break of 101 on the second evening. He eventually won 23\u201312. Barrie then met Dickie Laws on the following three days also at Burroughes Hall. Barrie took an 8\u20134 lead, increased to a winning 18\u20136 lead after two days. The final score was 27\u20138.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069081-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 World Table Tennis Championships\nThe 1951 World Table Tennis Championships were held in Vienna from March 2 to March 11, 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069082-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Doubles\nThe 1951 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Doubles was the 18th edition of the men's doubles championship. Bohumil V\u00e1\u0148a and Ivan Andreadis won the title after defeating J\u00f3zsef K\u00f3czi\u00e1n and Ferenc Sid\u00f3 in the final by three sets to nil.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069083-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nThe 1951 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Singles was the 18th edition of the men's singles championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069083-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nJohnny Leach defeated Ivan Andreadis in the final, winning three sets to one to secure the title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069084-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Team\nThe 1951 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Swaythling Cup (Men's Team) was the 18th edition of the men's team championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069084-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Team\nCzechoslovakia won the gold medal defeating Hungary 5-4 in the decisive final group match. Yugoslavia won a bronze medal after finishing third in the final group.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069085-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Mixed Doubles\nThe 1951 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Mixed Doubles was the 18th edition of the mixed doubles championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069085-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Mixed Doubles\nBohumil V\u00e1\u0148a and Angelica Rozeanu defeated Vilim Harangozo and Ermelinde Wertl in the final by three sets to nil.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069086-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Women's Doubles\nThe 1951 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Women's Doubles was the 17th edition of the women's doubles championship. The twin sisters Diane Rowe and Rosalind Rowe defeated S\u00e1ri Sz\u00e1sz and Angelica Rozeanu in the final by three sets to two.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069087-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Women's Singles\nThe 1951 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Women's Singles was the 18th edition of the women's singles championship. Angelica Rozeanu defeated Gizi Farkas in the final by three sets to nil, to win the title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069088-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Women's Team\nThe 1951 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Corbillon Cup (Women's Team) was the 11th edition of the women's team championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069088-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Women's Team\nRomania won the gold medal defeating Austria 3-1 in the final. England and Wales won bronze medals after finishing second in their respective groups.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069089-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 World Weightlifting Championships\nThe 1951 Men's World Weightlifting Championships were held in Palazzo del Ghiaccio, Milan, Italy from October 26 to October 28, 1951. There were 62 men in action from 14 nations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069090-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 World Wrestling Championships\nThe 1951 World Freestyle Wrestling Championship were held in Helsinki, Finland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069091-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Wyoming Cowboys football team\nThe 1951 Wyoming Cowboys football team represented the University of Wyoming in the Skyline Conference during the 1951 college football season. In their fifth season under head coach Bowden Wyatt, the Cowboys compiled a 7\u20132\u20131 record (5\u20131\u20131 against Skyline opponents), finished second in the conference, and outscored all opponents by a total of 220 to 82.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069092-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Xavier Musketeers football team\nThe 1951 Xavier Musketeers football team was an American football team that represented Xavier University as an independent during the 1951 college football season. In its fifth season under head coach Ed Kluska, the team compiled a 9\u20130\u20131 record and outscored opponents by a total of 305 to 46. The team played its home games at Xavier Stadium in Cincinnati.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069093-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Yale Bulldogs football team\nThe 1951 Yale Bulldogs football team represented Yale University in the 1951 college football season. The Bulldogs were led by fourth-year head coach Herman Hickman, played their home games at the Yale Bowl and finished the season with a 2\u20135\u20132 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069094-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Yugoslav Cup\nThe 1951 Yugoslav Cup was the 5th season of the top football knockout competition in SFR Yugoslavia, the Yugoslav Cup (Serbo-Croatian: Kup Jugoslavije; Macedonian: \u041a\u0443\u043f \u043d\u0430 \u0408\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0458\u0430, Slovene: Pokal Jugoslavije), also known as the \"Marshal Tito Cup\" (Kup Mar\u0161ala Tita), since its establishment in 1946.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069094-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Yugoslav Cup, Calendar\nThe Yugoslav Cup was a tournament for which clubs from all tiers of the football pyramid were eligible to enter. In addition, amateur teams put together by individual Yugoslav People's Army garrisons and various factories and industrial plants were also encouraged to enter, which meant that each cup edition could have several thousands of teams in its preliminary stages. These teams would play through a number of qualifying rounds before reaching the first round proper, in which they would be paired with top-flight teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 27], "content_span": [28, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069094-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Yugoslav Cup, First round\nIn the following tables winning teams are marked in bold; teams from outside top level are marked in italic script.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069095-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Yugoslav First Basketball League\nThe 1951 Yugoslav First Basketball League season is the 7th season of the Yugoslav First Basketball League, the highest professional basketball league in SFR Yugoslavia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069096-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Yugoslav First League\nThe First Federal League of Yugoslavia of 1951 (Prva savezna liga Jugoslavije), colloquially known as the Yugoslav First League of 1951, was the highest tier football competition played in communist Yugoslavia during 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069097-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Yugoslav Second League\nThe 1951 Yugoslav Second League season was the 5th season of the Second Federal League (Serbo-Croatian: Druga savezna liga), the second level association football competition of SFR Yugoslavia, since its establishment in 1946.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069097-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 Yugoslav Second League, Teams\nA total of sixteen teams contested the league, including six sides from the 1950 season, one club relegated from the 1950 Yugoslav First League and nine sides promoted from the third tier leagues played in the 1950 season. The league was contested in a double round robin format, with each club playing every other club twice, for a total of 30 rounds. Two points were awarded for a win and one point for draws.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 34], "content_span": [35, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069097-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 Yugoslav Second League, Teams\nBudu\u0107nost were relegated from the 1950 Yugoslav First League after finishing in the 10th place of the league table, while 9th placed Spartak Subotica were allowed to stay in the top level after Na\u0161a Krila Zemun were dissolved. The four clubs promoted directly to the second level were Dinamo Pan\u010devo, Radni\u010dki Belgrade, Vele\u017e and NK Zagreb, while Bokelj, Proleter Zrenjanin, Rabotni\u010dki, Rudar Trbovlje and Tekstilac achieved this through qualifications. At the end of the season there were no teams relegated as the league changed its format.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 34], "content_span": [35, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069098-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Yugoslav Women's Basketball League\nThe 1951 Yugoslav Women's Basketball League is the 7th season of the Yugoslav Women's Basketball League, the highest professional basketball league in Yugoslavia for women's. Championships is played in 1951 and played six teams. Champion for this season is Crvena zvezda.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069099-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 Zentropa Cup\nThe 1951 edition of Mitropa Cup was unofficial and only for this tournament was named Zentropa Cup. The tournament crushed by the contemporary and most prestigious Latin Cup and Rio Cup, which eluded the national champions club, was won by the Austrians of Rapid Wien.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069100-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 anti-Chechen pogrom in Eastern Kazakhstan\nThe anti-Chechen pogrom in Eastern Kazakhstan took place in spring and summer, 1951, in Eastern Kazakhstan (part of the Soviet Union at the time), upon ethnic tensions between mainly ethnic Russians and deported Chechens. A blood libel rumor, according to which the Chechens allegedly use \"Christian blood in their rituals\" may also have contributed to the escalation of events. The riots occurred in 3 cities - Leninogorsk, Ust-Kamenogorsk and Zyryanovsk.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069100-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 anti-Chechen pogrom in Eastern Kazakhstan\nThe main riots took place on April 10, 1951, in the Chechen-city neighbourhood of Leninogorsk. The riots, led by groups of amnestied criminals upon the Chechen civilians led to the deaths of 40-41 people, mainly of North Caucasian origins. Arrests were late made by Soviet authorities on initiators and 50 people from among the criminals were persecuted by courts, though no riot leaders were identified.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069101-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 college football season\nThe 1951 college football season finished with seven unbeaten major college teams, of which five were unbeaten and untied. Ultimately, the Tennessee Volunteers were voted the best team by the Associated Press, followed by the Michigan State Spartans, with the Vols having a plurality of first place votes (139 to 104). Tennessee lost in the Sugar Bowl to the equally undefeated and untied No. 3 Maryland Terrapins, but the postseason games were not taken into account by the major polls. Tennessee, Michigan State, and Illinois all claim national championships for 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069101-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 college football season\nDuring the 20th century, the NCAA had no playoff for the college football teams that would later be described as \"Division I-A\". The NCAA did recognize a national champion based upon the final results of \"wire service\" (AP and UPI) polls. The extent of that recognition came in the form of acknowledgment in the annual NCAA Football Guide of the \"unofficial\" national champions. The AP poll in 1951 consisted of the votes of as many as 307 sportswriters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069101-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 college football season\nThough not all writers voted in every poll, each would give their opinion of the ten best teams. Under a point system of 10 points for first place, 9 for second, etc., the \"overall\" ranking was determined. Although the rankings were based on the collective opinion of the representative sportswriters, the teams that remained \"unbeaten and untied\" were generally ranked higher than those that had not. A defeat, even against a strong opponent, tended to cause a team to drop in the rankings, and a team with two or more defeats was unlikely to remain in the Top 20. Generally, the top teams played on New Year's Day in the four major postseason bowl games: the Rose Bowl (near Los Angeles at Pasadena), the Sugar Bowl (New Orleans), the Orange Bowl (Miami), and the Cotton Bowl (Dallas).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 816]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069101-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 college football season, September\nIn the preseason poll released on September 24, 1951, Tennessee and Michigan State were ranked first and second, with Tennessee having 60 of the 115 first place votes. MSU had opened its season on the 22nd with a 6\u20130 win over Oregon State. They were followed by No. 3 Ohio State, defending champion No. 4 Oklahoma, and No. 5 California (which had won its opener against Santa Clara, 34\u20130). As the regular season progressed, a new poll would be issued on the Monday following the weekend's games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 39], "content_span": [40, 535]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069101-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 college football season, September\nOn September 14, the Central Missouri Jules played the Southwestern Moundbuilders in the rejected touchdown game where Southwestern's head coach Harold Hunt \"rejected\" a touchdown awarded by officials because his player stepped out of bounds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 39], "content_span": [40, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069101-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 college football season, September\nOn September 29 No. 1 Tennessee beat Mississippi State 14\u20130. No. 2 Michigan State won at Michigan, 25\u20130, to take the top spot from the Vols. No. 3 Ohio State beat visiting SMU 7\u20130 in a win not deemed good enough to stay in the top five. No. 4 Oklahoma beat William & Mary 49\u20137. No. 5 California won in Philadelphia against Penn, 35\u20130, and rose to second in the next poll. The game was broadcast in New York in a test for color television   Notre Dame, which had beaten Indiana 48\u20136, rose to fifth. The poll: 1.Michigan State 2.California 3.Tennessee 4.Oklahoma 5.Notre Dame", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 39], "content_span": [40, 613]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069101-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 college football season, October\nOctober 6 No. 1 Michigan State won at Ohio State, 24\u201320. No. 2 California beat Minnesota, 55\u201314. No. 3 Tennessee beat Duke 26\u20130. No. 4 Oklahoma lost at No. 10 Texas A&M, 14\u20137 and fell out of the top bracket, and the Aggies took their place. No. 5 Notre Dame had beaten Mercy College of Detroit, 40\u20136, the night before. The poll: 1.Michigan State 2.California 3.Tennessee 4.Texas A&M 5.Notre Dame", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069101-0007-0000", "contents": "1951 college football season, October\nOctober 13 No. 1 Michigan State had trouble in defeating Marquette 20\u201314. No. 2 California beat Washington State 42\u201335 and took over the top spot from the Spartans in the next poll. No. 3 Tennessee beat the University of Chattanooga (now UT Chattanooga, but athletically branded simply as \"Chattanooga\") 42\u201313. No. 4 Texas A&M beat Trinity College 53\u201314 and fell from the top five. No. 5 Notre Dame lost to visiting SMU, 27\u201320. Taking the places of the Aggies and the Irish were No. 6 Texas (which had beaten Oklahoma in Dallas, 9\u20137) and No. 8 Georgia Tech (which had beaten LSU 25\u20137). The poll: 1.California 2.Tennessee 3.Michigan State 4.Texas 5.Georgia Tech", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 698]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069101-0008-0000", "contents": "1951 college football season, October\nOctober 20 In Los Angeles, No. 1 California and USC, both unbeaten at 4\u20130\u20130, faced off, and the Golden Bears lost the game, along with the top spot in the poll, 21\u201314. Earlier, in Birmingham, No. 2 Tennessee defeated Alabama 27\u201313. No. 3 Michigan State won at Penn State, 32\u201321. No. 4 Texas lost at Arkansas, 16\u201314. No. 5 Georgia Tech defeated Auburn 27\u20137. Appearing in the top five were No. 8 Illinois (which had a 27\u201320 win over Washington) and No. 7 Maryland (which had beaten North Carolina 14\u20137). The poll: 1.Tennessee 2.Michigan State 3.Georgia Tech 4.Illinois 5.Maryland", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 615]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069101-0009-0000", "contents": "1951 college football season, October\nAnother significant game on this date, though for a far different reason, was the Drake\u2013Oklahoma A&M matchup. Then-unbeaten Drake was led by quarterback Johnny Bright, who was leading the nation in total offense at the time and had been touted as a Heisman Trophy candidate. Two years earlier, he had been the first black player to appear in a game at A&M's home field, without incident. The same could not be said about this game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069101-0009-0001", "contents": "1951 college football season, October\nBright was forced to leave the game in the first quarter after suffering three concussions and a broken jaw as the result of a racially motivated attack by white A&M player Wilbanks Smith, and A&M ultimately won 27\u201314. The attack was immortalized in a photo sequence in the Des Moines Register that won the photographers a Pulitzer Prize. It also had an enduring legacy on the sport:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069101-0010-0000", "contents": "1951 college football season, October\nOctober 27 No. 1 Tennessee beat Tennessee Tech 68\u20130. No. 3 Michigan State beat visiting Pitt, 53\u201326. No. 3 Georgia Tech won narrowly at Vanderbilt, 8\u20137. No. 4 Illinois won at Indiana, 21\u20130. Unbeaten (4\u20130\u20130) and No. 5 Maryland visited once-beaten (4\u20131\u20130) LSU, and won convincingly, 27\u20130. With all five teams staying unbeaten, the poll changed slightly:  1.Tennessee 2.Michigan State 3.Illinois 4.Maryland 5.Georgia Tech", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069101-0011-0000", "contents": "1951 college football season, November\nNovember 3 No. 1 Tennessee won at North Carolina, 27\u20130 for its fourth shutout. In six games, the Vols had outscored their opponents, 207\u201314. No. 2 Michigan State was idle and dropped to fifth in the next poll. No. 3 Illinois beat Michigan 7\u20130. No. 4 Maryland shut out Missouri 35\u20130. No. 5 Georgia Tech was tied by Duke, 14\u201314. No. 6 Princeton, which rose to 5\u20130\u20130 after a 12\u20130 win over Brown, gave an Ivy League addition to the Top Five. Michigan State came back to the five after a 53\u201326 win over Pitt. The poll: 1.Tennessee 2.Illinois 3.Maryland 4.Princeton 5.Michigan State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069101-0012-0000", "contents": "1951 college football season, November\nNovember 10 No. 1 Tennessee beat Washington & Lee, 60\u201314. No. 2 Illinois beat Iowa 40\u201313. In Baltimore, No. 3 Maryland beat Navy, 40\u201321. No. 4 Princeton won at Harvard, 54\u201313, and left the top five. No. 5 Michigan State (6\u20130\u20130) hosted Notre Dame (5\u20131\u20130) and shut out the Irish, 35\u20130, and returned to No. 1 spot in the poll. In Los Angeles, two unbeaten and untied (7\u20130\u20130) powers faced off, as No. 7 Stanford and USC met. The Stanford Indians (they would later be called the Cardinal) beat the Trojans 27\u201320. The poll: 1.Michigan State 2.Tennessee 3.Illinois 4.Stanford 5.Maryland", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 618]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069101-0013-0000", "contents": "1951 college football season, November\nNovember 17 No. 1 Michigan State won at Indiana, 30\u201326. No. 2 Tennessee won at Mississippi, 46\u201321. No. 3 Illinois got a blemish on its record with a 0\u20130 tie at Ohio State. No. 4 Stanford beat Oregon State 35\u201314. No. 5 Maryland overwhelmed N.C. State 53\u20130. Princeton, which had shut out Yale 27\u20130, came back to the top five. The poll: 1.Tennessee 2.Michigan State3.Stanford 4.Maryland 5.Princeton", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069101-0014-0000", "contents": "1951 college football season, November\nNovember 24No. 1 Tennessee beat Kentucky 28\u20130. No. 2 Michigan State beat Colorado 45\u20137 to finish its season at 9\u20130\u20130. No. 3 Stanford suffered its first defeat, falling to California, 20\u20137. No. 4 Maryland stayed unbeaten, over West Virginia 54\u20137. No. 5 Princeton closed its season with a 13\u20130 win over Dartmouth. Illinois, which won at Northwestern 3\u20130, returned to the top five. The penultimate poll: 1.Tennessee 2.Michigan State 3.Maryland 4.Illinois 5.Princeton. On December 1 No. 1 Tennessee closed its season unbeaten with a 35\u201327 win over Vanderbilt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 594]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069101-0015-0000", "contents": "1951 college football season, November\nThe University of San Francisco Dons closed their season\u2014and their football program\u2014with a perfect record of 9 wins, 0 losses and 0 ties. After their November 24 game against in-state Jesuit rival Loyola University (since merged into Loyola Marymount University), a 20\u20132 win, USF stopped playing football.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069101-0016-0000", "contents": "1951 college football season, Bowl games\nAll six games played were on Tuesday, January 1, 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 40], "content_span": [41, 95]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069102-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 executions in Albania\nThe People's Republic of Albania executed 22 intellectuals without trial on 26 February 1951, as ordered by Enver Hoxha. They were accused of bombing the Soviet embassy in Tirana. The victims were 21 males and one female. One day earlier, Jonuz Kaceli was killed while accused of the same crime. It was the first time the Agitation and Propaganda law was used.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069102-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 executions in Albania, Background, Arrests\nThe 22 individuals were arrested and put in prison between 20 and 22 February 1951, then executed by firing squad on 26 February. The pretext was the explosion of a small amount of dynamite in the Soviet Embassy in Tirana on 19 February, for which the arrested persons were accused of. On 20 February, the Communist leadership assembled and decided on counter-measures. Present were Enver Hoxha, Tuk Jakova, Mehmet Shehu, Bedri Spahiu, Hysni Kapo, Gogo Nushi, Spiro Koleka, Beqir Balluku and Liri Belishova.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 47], "content_span": [48, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069102-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 executions in Albania, Background, Arrests\nThe arrests were made based on death lists prepared in advance by the Ministry of Interior. The charge, as prepared and signed by Military Prosecutor Siri \u00c7ar\u00e7ani and dated 25 February 1951, was the same for all 22 victims and read:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 47], "content_span": [48, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069102-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 executions in Albania, Background, Arrests\nThese people have been put at the service of imperialist foreign espionage, they have become members of a terrorist organization. They have made propaganda about the violent collapse of the people's power and have distributed slogans for a new war from the American and British imperialists and their satellites.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 47], "content_span": [48, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069102-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 executions in Albania, Background, Arrests\nThe same \u00c7ar\u00e7ani admitted later that when he wrote the charge he was completely unaware of any investigation having ever been performed. In addition, the charge was never communicated to any of the victims. Furthermore, a trial was never held.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 47], "content_span": [48, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069102-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 executions in Albania, Execution\nOne of the arrested intellectuals, Jonuz Kaceli, was killed a day earlier (25 February), by Mehmet Shehu after Kaceli punched and injured Shehu in the face after a long interrogation on high treason accusations by Shehu and Rasim Dedja. Kaceli was thrown out of a window, head-first from the second floor, in the pretense that he had committed suicide.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 37], "content_span": [38, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069102-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 executions in Albania, Execution\nThe 22 victims were executed on 26 February 1951, six days after the first arrest was made. All of the victims were shot based on a government decree issued by the Ministry of the Interior on the same day of the killings. The Minister of Interior that issued the decree was Omer Nishani. Manol Konomi, at the time minister of justice, did not want to sign the death sentences without approval. They were executed at midnight, near the Beshiri bridge, 15\u00a0km from Tirana, and were buried in a common grave, bound together.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 37], "content_span": [38, 558]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069102-0007-0000", "contents": "1951 executions in Albania, Execution\nOn 26 February 1951 the other victims were shot by an execution squad. The head of the police during that time, Sali Orm\u00ebni, was killed one week after the bombing. On 5 March 1951 the executions were approved by the military court of Communist Albania; that is eight days after the suspects were executed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 37], "content_span": [38, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069102-0008-0000", "contents": "1951 executions in Albania, Aftermath and legacy\nIt was later found out that the bombing was actually orchestrated by Hysen Llulla and Qazim La\u00e7i.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 48], "content_span": [49, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069102-0009-0000", "contents": "1951 executions in Albania, Aftermath and legacy\nIn 1991 all victims were declared innocent, and posthumously awarded the order Honor of the State by president Bamir Topi. Their bodies were found bound with barbed wire in a joint mass grave on the Erzen river edge.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 48], "content_span": [49, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069103-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 in Afghanistan\nThe following lists events that happened during 1951 in Afghanistan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069103-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 in Afghanistan\nAs in the previous year, relations between Afghanistan and Pakistan are not happy, because of charges and countercharges regarding border incidents and, on the Pakistan side, particularly because of the alleged encouragement by Afghanistan of the Pashtunistan movement.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069103-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 in Afghanistan, January 1951\nA visit of the Afghan prime minister, Shah Mahmud Khan, to New Delhi gives an indication of the cordial relationship maintained with India. Shah Mahmud is entertained by the government of India and a tribute to Indo-Afghan relations is paid by Chhakravarthi Rajagopalachari, Indian home minister.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069103-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 in Afghanistan, February 1951\nUnder the Point Four program, an agreement with the United States is signed in Kabul to assist the Afghan government in the economic development of the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069103-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 in Afghanistan, September 5, 1951\nThe Afghan prime minister, who is paying yet another visit to Delhi, is invited to address members of the Indian parliament, and he reaffirms his hope that the close and sincere relations already existing between Afghanistan and India will remain for the benefit of world peace. At a press conference Shah Mahmud Khan stresses the friendliness of Afghan policy toward Pakistan, and maintains that in supporting the \"Pashtunistan\" movement Afghanistan is not animated by hostility to Pakistan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 38], "content_span": [39, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069103-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 in Afghanistan, October 16, 1951\nLiaquat Ali Khan, prime minister of Pakistan, is assassinated, calling forth from Kabul a sympathetic message and a tribute to his ability. The Pakistan government on its side is careful to stress the point that, although the assassin is stated to be of Afghan origin, there is no sinister significance in that fact, especially as he has been an exile in Pakistan for some time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 37], "content_span": [38, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069104-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 in Australia\nThe following lists events that happened during 1951 in Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 84]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069105-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 in Australian literature\nThis article presents a list of the historical events and publications of Australian literature during 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069105-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 in Australian literature, Births\nA list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1951 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069105-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 in Australian literature, Deaths\nA list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1951 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069106-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 in Belgium\nThe following events happened during 1951 in the Kingdom of Belgium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 84]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069108-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 in Brazilian football\nThe following article presents a summary of the 1951 football (soccer) season in Brazil, which was the 50th season of competitive football in the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069108-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 in Brazilian football, Brazil national team\nThe Brazil national football team did not play any matches in 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 48], "content_span": [49, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069109-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 in British music\nThe cultural year was dominated by the Festival of Britain and the opening of The Royal Festival Hall, the first dedicated concert hall of its size to be built in London since 1893: located on the south bank of the Thames, this was to host concerts by major orchestras from Britain and abroad. The Festival itself was a celebration of music, art and theatre.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069109-0000-0001", "contents": "1951 in British music\nIt notably provided an opportunity for the staging of many events seen during the first Folk music Festival held in Edinburgh, organised with the help of such talents as the American Alan Lomax, the Irish traditional musician Seamus Ennis and the political theatre director Ewan MacColl, who would go on to form the Ballad and Blues Club.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069109-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 in British music\nOpera and other forms of classical music, while mainly attractive to a middle class audience, were popular in concert and on the radio. Operas sung in English struck a note of patriotism in a nation still recovering from the Second World War and then engaged in the Korea.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069109-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 in British music\nThe biggest selling artists on both sides of the Atlantic were Bing Crosby and Doris Day but British singers such as Gracie Fields and Vera Lynn were also very popular, receiving radio play and performing in many live venues.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069109-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 in British music\nA style of jazz known as Trad or Traditional Jazz, or sometimes called the Dixieland sound was emerging, drawing for its inspiration the old New Orleans Jazz of an earlier period. The luminaries of this music were people like Ken Colyer who had formed the Crane River Jazz Band which included Chris Barber and later a banjo player called Lonnie Donegan who would introduce a musical style from America called skiffle which would influence the musical career of a young John Lennon. However, the seeds of rock and roll could not even be glimpsed in the UK of 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 585]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069109-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 in British music\nTrad jazz was a reaction to the big band jazz of the previous decade with its 20 or sometimes even 40 member orchestras named after the band leaders such as Joe Loss and Kenny Baker. The latter were still popular in 1951 and played a form of jazz called Swing. Paramount among the band leaders of this time was Ted Heath whose Orchestra regularly featured on BBC radio programmes. They  were an essential part of the nightclub scene in the big cities of the time and were  heavily influenced  by  their American counterparts such as Benny Goodman and Duke Ellington. The smaller Trad Jazz groups in contrast included such then unknowns as George Melly and Acker Bilk, who had recently moved to London to play with Ken Colyer's band.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 754]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069110-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 in British radio\nThis is a list of events from British radio in 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 74]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069111-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 in British television\nThis is a list of British television related events from 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069114-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 in Canadian football\nAfter a 17-year absence, the Saskatchewan Roughriders returned to the Grey Cup final. Their losing streak in the big game continued, however, as it was the other Rough Riders that took home the prize.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069114-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 in Canadian football, Canadian football news in 1951\nThe BC Lions were formed in January at the Arctic Club in Vancouver; however, the franchise would begin play at the start of the 1954 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 57], "content_span": [58, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069114-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 in Canadian football, Canadian football news in 1951\nE. Kent Philips of Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, was appointed WIFU Commissioner. The IRFU allowed the third-place Toronto Argonauts to be in the playoffs due to similar regular season records with the other top two teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 57], "content_span": [58, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069114-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 in Canadian football, Canadian football news in 1951\nOn October 27, The Duke of Edinburgh and The Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh (now Elizabeth II) attended the western semi-final in Edmonton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 57], "content_span": [58, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069114-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 in Canadian football, Regular season, Final regular season standings\nNote: GP = Games Played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, PF = Points For, PA = Points Against, Pts = Points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 73], "content_span": [74, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069114-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 in Canadian football, Grey Cup Championship\n39th Annual Grey Cup Game: Varsity Stadium \u2013 Toronto, Ontario", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 48], "content_span": [49, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069114-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 in Canadian football, 1951 Interprovincial Rugby Football Union All-Stars\nNOTE: During this time most players played both ways, so the All-Star selections do not distinguish between some offensive and defensive positions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 78], "content_span": [79, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069114-0007-0000", "contents": "1951 in Canadian football, 1951 Western Interprovincial Football Union All-Stars\nNOTE: During this time most players played both ways, so the All-Star selections do not distinguish between some offensive and defensive positions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 80], "content_span": [81, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069114-0008-0000", "contents": "1951 in Canadian football, 1951 Ontario Rugby Football Union All-Stars\nNOTE: During this time most players played both ways, so the All-Star selections do not distinguish between some offensive and defensive positions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 70], "content_span": [71, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069115-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 in Cape Verde\nThe following lists events that happened during 1951 in Cape Verde.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 86]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069116-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 in Chile\nThe following lists events that happened during 1951 in Chile.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 76]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069117-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 in China\nEvents in the year 1951 in the People's Republic of China.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 72]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069119-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 in Estonia\nThis article lists events that occurred during 1951 in Estonia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 79]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069121-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 in Germany\nEvents in the year 1951 in West Germany and East Germany.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 73]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069122-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 in Iceland\nThe following lists events that happened in 1951 in Iceland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 76]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069123-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 in India\nEvents in the year 1951 in the Republic of India.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 63]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069124-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 in Ireland, Sport, GAA\nMayo successfully defend All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final by defeating Meath 2-8 0-9", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 27], "content_span": [28, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069125-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 in Israel, Events, Unspecified dates\nThe following events took place during 1951 (dates not specified):", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 41], "content_span": [42, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069126-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 in Italian television\nThis is a list of Italian television related events from 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069129-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 in Laos\nThe following lists events that happened during 1951 in Laos.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 74]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069130-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 in Libya\nThe following lists events that happened during 1951 in Libya.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 76]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069131-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 in Luxembourg\nThe following lists events that happened during 1951 in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069132-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 in Malaya\nThis article lists important figures and events in Malayan public affairs during the year 1951, together with births and deaths of significant Malayans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069134-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 in Michigan, Top stories\nThe Associated Press polled more than 50 editors of its member newspapers in Michigan and ranked the state's top news stories of 1953 as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 29], "content_span": [30, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069134-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 in Michigan, Population\nIn the 1950 United States Census, Michigan was recorded as having a population of 6,421,000 persons, ranking as the seventh most populous state in the country. By 1960, the state's population had grown 22.8% to 7,823,194 persons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 28], "content_span": [29, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069134-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 in Michigan, Population, Cities\nThe following is a list of cities in Michigan with a population of at least 40,000 based on 1950 U.S. Census data. Historic census data from 1940 and 1960 is included to reflect trends in population increases or decreases. Cities that are part of the Detroit metropolitan area are shaded in tan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 36], "content_span": [37, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069134-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 in Michigan, Population, Counties\nThe following is a list of counties in Michigan with populations of at least 100,000 based on 1950 U.S. Census data. Historic census data from 1940 and 1960 are included to reflect trends in population increases or decreases. Counties that are part of the Detroit metropolitan area are shaded in tan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 38], "content_span": [39, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069135-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 in New Zealand\nThe following lists events that happened during  1951 in New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069135-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 in New Zealand\nThe year was dominated by the 1951 New Zealand waterfront dispute.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 86]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069135-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 in New Zealand\nNew Zealand entered a mutual defence pact with the United States and Australia \u2013 ANZUS.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069135-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 in New Zealand, Incumbents, Government\nThe 29th New Zealand Parliament continued. In power was the National government under Sidney Holland. The general election saw the governing National Party re-elected with a twenty-seat margin, a substantial improvement on the twelve-seat margin it previously held.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 43], "content_span": [44, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069135-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 in New Zealand, Incumbents, Government\nThe New Zealand Legislative Council voted itself out of existence, making New Zealand a unicameral democracy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 43], "content_span": [44, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069135-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 in New Zealand, Arts and literature, Film\nSee : Category:1951 film awards, 1951 in film, List of New Zealand feature films, Cinema of New Zealand, Category:1951 films", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 46], "content_span": [47, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069135-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 in New Zealand, Sport, Lawn bowls\nThe national outdoor lawn bowls championships are held in Wellington.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 38], "content_span": [39, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069139-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 in Norwegian football, First Division 1950/51\nAfter the 1950/51 season, Landsdelsserien was introduced, leaving the First division as only the third highest league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 50], "content_span": [51, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069140-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 in Norwegian music\nThe following is a list of notable events and releases of the year 1951 in Norwegian music.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069144-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 in South Africa\nThe following lists events that happened during 1951 in South Africa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 90]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069148-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 in Taiwan\nEvents from the year 1951 in Taiwan, Republic of China. This year is numbered Minguo 40 according to the official Republic of China calendar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069149-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 in Thailand\nThe year 1951 was the 170th year of the Rattanakosin Kingdom of Thailand. It was the 6th year in the reign of King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX), and is reckoned as year 2494 in the Buddhist Era.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069151-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 in Wales\nThis article is about the particular significance of the year 1951 to Wales and its people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069155-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 in association football\nThe following are the football (soccer) events of the year 1951 throughout the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069157-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 in baseball\nThe following are the baseball events of the year 1951  throughout the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069157-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 in baseball, Headline Event of the Year\nBaseball's Shot Heard 'Round the World gives the New York Giants the National League Pennant in the third game of a best-of-three-games tiebreaker series over the Brooklyn Dodgers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 44], "content_span": [45, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069157-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 in baseball, Headline Event of the Year\nAlthough the Negro American League would last until 1960, 1951 was, notably, the last season in which the Negro American League was considered major-league caliber, which was itself the last major Negro league baseball organization.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 44], "content_span": [45, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069158-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 in country music\nThis is a list of notable events in country music that took place in the year 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069159-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 in film, Top-grossing films, United States\nThe top ten 1951 released films by box office gross in the United States are as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 47], "content_span": [48, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069159-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 in film, Top-grossing films, International\nThe highest-grossing 1951 films in countries outside of North America.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 47], "content_span": [48, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069159-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 in film, Worldwide gross\nThe following table lists known worldwide gross figures for several high-grossing films that originally released in 1951. Note that this list is incomplete and is therefore not representative of the highest-grossing films worldwide in 1951. This list also includes gross revenue from later re-releases.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 29], "content_span": [30, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069159-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 in film, Top ten money making stars\nThe Top Ten Money Making Stars Poll was published by Quigley Publishing Company based on a poll of U.S. movie theater owners who were asked to name who they felt were the previous year's top 10 moneymaking stars.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 40], "content_span": [41, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069159-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 in film, Top ten money making stars\nThey also published a Western stars poll which Roy Rogers topped for the ninth year running.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 40], "content_span": [41, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069160-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 in fine arts of the Soviet Union\nThe year 1951 was marked by many events that left an imprint on the history of Soviet and Russian Fine Arts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069161-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 in jazz\nThis is a timeline documenting events of Jazz in the year 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 76]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069162-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 in literature\nThis article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069162-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 in literature\nIf you really want to hear about it, the first thing you'll probably want to know is where I was born, and what my lousy childhood was like, and how my parents were occupied and all before they had me, and all that David Copperfield kind of crap, but I don't feel like going into it, if you want to know the truth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069163-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 in motorsport\nThe following is an overview of the events of 1951 in motorsport including the major racing events, motorsport venues that were opened and closed during a year, championships and non-championship events that were established and disestablished in a year, and births and deaths of racing drivers and other motorsport people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069163-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 in motorsport, Annual events\nThe calendar includes only annual major non-championship events or annual events that had own significance separate from the championship. For the dates of the championship events see related season articles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 33], "content_span": [34, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069164-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 in music\nThis is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069164-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 in music, US No 1 hit singles\nThese singles reached the top of US Billboard magazine's charts in 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 34], "content_span": [35, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069164-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 in music, Biggest hit singles\nThe following songs achieved the highest in the limited set of charts available for 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 34], "content_span": [35, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069165-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 in organized crime\nOrganized crime was particularly active in its heyday of the 1950s. The year 1951 saw a number of notable organized crime events, including the conviction of mobster Mickey Cohen for tax evasion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069166-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 in paleontology\nPaleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069166-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 in paleontology, Synapsids, Non-mammalian\nA junior homonym of Walteria Schulze, 1885; renamed Karrowalteria Kuhn, 1938", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 46], "content_span": [47, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069167-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 in poetry\nNationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069167-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 in poetry, Works published in English\nListed by nation where the work was first published and again by the poet's native land, if different; substantially revised works listed separately:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 42], "content_span": [43, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069167-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 in poetry, Works published in other languages, India\nIn each section, listed in alphabetical order by first name:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 57], "content_span": [58, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069167-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 in poetry, Births\nDeath years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069167-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 in poetry, Deaths\nBirth years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069168-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 in professional wrestling\n1951 in professional wrestling describes the year's events in the world of professional wrestling.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069169-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 in radio\nThe year 1951 saw a number of significant happenings in radio broadcasting history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069170-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 in rail transport\nThis article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069171-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 in science\nThe year 1951 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069172-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 in spaceflight\nThe year 1951 saw extensive exploration of space by the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR) using suborbital rockets. The Soviets launched their first series of biomedical tests to the 100-kilometre (62\u00a0mi) boundary of space (as defined by the World Air Sports Federation). Several American agencies launched more than a dozen scientific sounding rocket flights between them. The US Navy launched its Viking sounding rocket for the seventh time since 1949, this time to a record-breaking 136 miles (219\u00a0km) in August 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 548]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069172-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 in spaceflight\nDevelopment also continued by both superpowers on rockets more powerful than the World War Two era German V-2 that had inaugurated the age of spaceflight. The USSR advanced far beyond their R-1 (a V-2 copy) with the deployment of the R-2 rocket, which could carry a ton of explosives twice as far as its predecessor. Though the ambitious Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile was canceled in 1951, the more achievable R-5 missile project was initiated. Both the US Air Force and the US Army initiated their first post-V-2 ballistic missile projects, Atlas for the former and Redstone for the latter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 618]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069172-0002-0000", "contents": "1951 in spaceflight, Space exploration, United States\nThe US Army, US Air Force, and the Applied Physics Laboratory continued their use of Aerobee  on a variety of physics, aeronomy, photography, weather, and biomedical sounding rocket flights; a total of 11 were launched during the year. Two of these comprised the earliest space biomedical missions. Launched by the Air Force, and carrying mice and monkeys, they (along with a third flight in 1952) determined that brief (~15 minutes) exposure to acceleration, reduced gravity, and high altitude cosmic radiation did not have significant negative effects.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 53], "content_span": [54, 608]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069172-0003-0000", "contents": "1951 in spaceflight, Space exploration, United States\nThe first generation of US Navy-built Viking sounding rockets reached its acme of performance with the flight of Viking 7, the sole Viking launch of 1951. Launched 7 August from White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico, the rocket set a new world altitude record of 136 miles (219\u00a0km).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 53], "content_span": [54, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069172-0004-0000", "contents": "1951 in spaceflight, Space exploration, Soviet Union\nThe R-1, the Soviet Union's first domestically built long-range ballistic missile, was accepted into service in November 1950. In January 1951, cold-weather testing of the R-1 for quality assurance purposes was conducted. On 1 June, production of the R-1 was centralized and transferred to a former automobile factory in Dnepropetrovsk, and that month, a test series of R-1s was successfully launched to the edge of space, all landing within 5.5 kilometres (3.4\u00a0mi) of their targets. Though the R-1, a virtual copy of the now-obsolete V-2, was not a particularly formidable weapon and posed virtually no threat to the West, it was invaluable in training engineers and missile crews, as well as creating a nascent rocket industry in the Soviet Union.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 52], "content_span": [53, 802]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069172-0005-0000", "contents": "1951 in spaceflight, Space exploration, Soviet Union\nOn 29 January 1951, dogs were carried on one of the winter test flights of the R-1. This was followed in the summer by six R-1s specifically designed and equipped for biomedical flights to determine if their payload dogs could survive the rigors of space travel and be recovered. Three of the missions were successful.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 52], "content_span": [53, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069172-0006-0000", "contents": "1951 in spaceflight, Space exploration, Soviet Union\nThe R-2 missile, the first operational Soviet design to have a separable nose cone, underwent a second test series of thirteen flights in July 1951, experiencing one failure. Accepted for operational service on 27 November 1951, the design had a range of 600 kilometres (370\u00a0mi), twice that of the R-1, while maintaining a similar payload of around 1,000 kilograms (2,200\u00a0lb).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 52], "content_span": [53, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069172-0007-0000", "contents": "1951 in spaceflight, Spacecraft development, US Air Force\nBy 1950, the war-head carrying ballistic missile, which in the United States had been eclipsed since World War II by guided missile development, received national priority. In January 1951, the US Air Force's Air Research and Development Command awarded to Consolidated Vultee the contract for Atlas, the nation's first Intercontinental ballistic missile. The Atlas went on to become one of the key boosters in America's crewed and robotic space programs, first orbiting a payload (SCORE) in 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 57], "content_span": [58, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069172-0008-0000", "contents": "1951 in spaceflight, Spacecraft development, US Army\nOn 15 April 1950, Wernher von Braun and his team of German rocket engineers were transferred from Fort Bliss to Redstone Arsenal in Alabama. In 1951, the Redstone team was tasked with the research and development of guided missiles and the development and testing of free rockets, solid propellants, JATOs, and related items, thus making the Army a leading player in America's missile development. Their work led to the production of the Redstone missile, first launched in 1953, versions of which ultimately launched America's first artificial satellite, in 1958, and America's first astronaut, in 1961.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 52], "content_span": [53, 657]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069172-0009-0000", "contents": "1951 in spaceflight, Spacecraft development, US Navy\nIn the summer of 1950, the United States Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) team led by Milton Rosen began work on an improved Viking rocket able to reach higher altitudes. The team would achieve increased performance through larger fuel tanks and reduced weight elsewhere on the rocket. Originally planned for launch in 1951, the development of the second generation Viking took two years, and the first of the new rockets would not launch until 6 June 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 52], "content_span": [53, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069172-0010-0000", "contents": "1951 in spaceflight, Spacecraft development, University of Iowa\nIn January 1951, Dr. James Van Allen, instrumental in the development of the Aerobee rocket, joined the physics department at the State University of Iowa (SUI). Along with University of Chicago graduate Melvin B. Gottlieb and Van Allen's first SUI graduate student, Leslie H. Meredith, they began a high altitude cosmic ray research program using equipment mounted on balloons. Launched from 16 June 1951, though 26 January 1952, this experience set the foundation for balloon-launched sounding rockets, which would first breach the boundary of space in 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 63], "content_span": [64, 624]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069172-0011-0000", "contents": "1951 in spaceflight, Spacecraft development, Soviet Union\nFrom 1947, the German \u00e9migr\u00e9-designed G-1 (or R-10) missile had competed with the Soviet-designed R-2 for limited engineering and production staff, the latter winning out by the end of 1949. With the project stalled for lack of resources and government interest, The Soviets terminated all work by the German specialists in October 1950. In December 1951, the first of the specialists were repatriated to East Germany (a process that the Soviets completed in November 1953).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 57], "content_span": [58, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069172-0012-0000", "contents": "1951 in spaceflight, Spacecraft development, Soviet Union\nThe draft plan for the ambitious 3,000 kilometres (1,900\u00a0mi) range R-3 had been approved on 7 December 1949, but was canceled on 20 October 1951, other designs proving more useful and achievable. One of them was the R-5 missile, able to carry the same payload as the R-1 and R-2 but over a distance of 1,200 kilometres (750\u00a0mi) (the other being the R-11, a tactical missile half the size of the R-1 but with the same payload). The R-5's conceptual design was completed by 30 October 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 57], "content_span": [58, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069173-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 in sports\n1951 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 73]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069173-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 in sports, Athletics\nThe athletics competition at the 1951 Pan American Games is held in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Mal Whitfield of the USA wins gold medals in three events: 400 m, 800 m and 4 \u00d7 400 m relay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 25], "content_span": [26, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069174-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 in television\nThe year 1951 in television involved some significant events. Below is a list of television-related events during 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069175-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 in the Belgian Congo\nThe following lists events that happened during 1951 in the Belgian Congo.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069176-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 in the Netherlands\nThis article lists some of the events from 1951 related to the Netherlands.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069177-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 in the Philippines\n1951 in the Philippines details events of note that happened in the Philippines in 1951", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069178-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 in the Soviet Union\nThe following lists events that happened during 1951 in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069179-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 in the United Kingdom\nEvents from the year 1951 in the United Kingdom. This is the year of the Festival of Britain and a general election returning Winston Churchill to power.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069180-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 in the United States, Events, January\u2013March\n\u2192Ethel and Julius Rosenberg are convicted of conspiracy to commit espionage. On April 5 they are sentenced to receive the death penalty.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 48], "content_span": [49, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069182-0000-0000", "contents": "1951 \u00darvalsdeild\nThe 1951 \u00darvalsdeild was the 40th season of the highest association football league in Iceland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069182-0001-0000", "contents": "1951 \u00darvalsdeild, Overview\nIt was contested by 5 teams, and \u00cdA won the championship. \u00cdA's R\u00edkhar\u00f0ur J\u00f3nsson was the top scorer with 7 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 26], "content_span": [27, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069183-0000-0000", "contents": "1951/1952 News of the World Snooker Tournament\nThe 1951/1952 News of the World Snooker Tournament was a professional snooker tournament sponsored by the News of the World. The tournament was won by Sidney Smith who won 6 of his 8 matches. He finished ahead of Albert Brown who also won 6 matches but won one fewer frame overall. The News of the World Snooker Tournament ran from 1949/50 to 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069183-0001-0000", "contents": "1951/1952 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Format\nThe 1951/52 event was a round-robin snooker tournament and was played from 10 September 1951 to 19 January 1952. All matches were played at Leicester Square Hall in London. There were 9 competitors, one more than previous years, and a total of 36 matches. The competitors were the 8 who had played in the previous year's event, Joe Davis, Fred Davis, Walter Donaldson, John Barrie, Albert Brown, Alec Brown, John Pulman, Jackie Rea, Sidney Smith, plus New Zealander Clark McConachy. Each match lasted three days and was the best of 37 frames.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 54], "content_span": [55, 597]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069183-0002-0000", "contents": "1951/1952 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Format\nEach match was separately handicapped. Joe Davis played level with Fred Davis and gave Walter Donaldson 7, John Pulman 18, Albert Brown, Alec Brown and Clark McConachy 21, Sidney Smith 24 and John Barrie 25. Fred Davis played level with Walter Donaldson and gave Sidney Smith 12, Albert Brown and Alec Brown and John Pulman 14, Clark McConachy 16 and John Barrie 18. Walter Donaldson gave Albert Brown and Sidney Smith 7, John Pulman 8, Clark McConachy 10, Alec Brown 14 and John Barrie 15.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 54], "content_span": [55, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069183-0002-0001", "contents": "1951/1952 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Format\nJohn Pulman played level with Alec Brown, Albert Brown, Sidney Smith and Clark McConachy and gave John Barrie 10. Sidney Smith played level with Albert Brown and Clark McConachy and gave Alec Brown 4 and John Barrie 10. Albert Brown played level with Albert Brown and Clark McConachy and gave John Barrie 10. Clark McConachy gave Alec Brown 7 and John Barrie 10. Alec Brown gave John Barrie 9.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 54], "content_span": [55, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069183-0003-0000", "contents": "1951/1952 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Results\nWith three matches to be played there were three players with 5 wins. John Barrie had played all his matches and won 161 frames. Albert Brown and Sidney Smith each had one match left. Brown had won 149 frames while Smith had won 148. Albert Brown played Alec Brown in his last match. Alec Brown led 16\u201312 after the final afternoon session but Albert Brown won all 7 frames in the evening session to win 19\u201318.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 55], "content_span": [56, 465]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069183-0004-0000", "contents": "1951/1952 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Results\nAfter Albert Brown's 19\u201318 win, Sidney Smith needed to beat Walter Donaldson 21\u201316 to win the tournament. Smith led 16\u201314 after the final afternoon session but Donaldson won the first two frames on the final evening to tie the match at 16\u201316. Smith then won the last 5 frames to win the match 21\u201316 and take the tournament by a single frame, 169 to Brown's 168.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 55], "content_span": [56, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069183-0005-0000", "contents": "1951/1952 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Results\nIn the last match of the tournament Fred Davis beat brother Joe 20\u201317, playing on level terms. Fred had breaks of 108 and 101 on the second day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 55], "content_span": [56, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069183-0006-0000", "contents": "1951/1952 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Results\nAlbert Brown had met Walter Donaldson earlier in January. Donaldson led 9\u20133 after the first day, scoring a break of 104 in the last frame  of the day. Brown made a break of 140 on the second evening but Donaldson increased his lead to 17\u20137 at the end of the day. On the final day Brown staged a comeback and won the first 7 frames of the day. Donaldson, however, held on and won the match 18\u201317.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 55], "content_span": [56, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069183-0007-0000", "contents": "1951/1952 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Results\nThe positions were determined firstly by the number of matches won (MW) and, in the event of a tie, the number of frames won (FW).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 55], "content_span": [56, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069183-0008-0000", "contents": "1951/1952 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Qualifying\nWith the main event starting earlier than in previous years, the qualifying tournament was also earlier and was held from 28 May to 16 June 1951. These matches were also played at Leicester Square Hall in London. There were 3 competitors: John Barrie, Kingsley Kennerley and Sydney Lee. Unlike the main event, each match lasted six  days and was the best of 73 frames. Barrie won both his matches to qualify. Kennerley beat Lee in the other match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 58], "content_span": [59, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069184-0000-0000", "contents": "1951/52 NTFL season\nThe 1951/52 NTFL season was the 31st season of the Northern Territory Football League (NTFL).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069184-0001-0000", "contents": "1951/52 NTFL season\nBuffaloes have won there 12th premiership title while defeating the Wanderers Eagles in the grand final by 14 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069185-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u20131952 Massachusetts legislature\nThe 157th Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1951 and 1952 during the governorship of Paul A. Dever. Richard I. Furbush served as president of the Senate and Tip O'Neill served as speaker of the House.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069186-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 1re s\u00e9rie season\nThe 1951\u201352 1re s\u00e9rie season was the 31st season of the 1re s\u00e9rie, the top level of ice hockey in France. Seven teams participated in the league, and Chamonix Hockey Club won their 13th league title. Due to the final round being cancelled because of heavy snowfall, it was decided that a game between Chamonix Hockey Club (representing the Alpes Group) and CO Billancourt (representing the Paris Group) would be played for the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 465]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069187-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 AHL season\nThe 1951\u201352 AHL season was the 16th season of the American Hockey League. Nine teams played 68 games each in the schedule. The Pittsburgh Hornets won their first F. G. \"Teddy\" Oke Trophy as West Division champions, and their first Calder Cup as league champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069187-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 AHL season, Final standings\nNote: GP = Games played; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; GF = Goals for; GA = Goals against; Pts = Points;", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 35], "content_span": [36, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069187-0002-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 AHL season, Scoring leaders\nNote: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; PIM = Penalty minutes", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 35], "content_span": [36, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069187-0003-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 AHL season, Newspapers\nAttendance Figures - Cincinnati Enquirer 03-19-1952, 03-21-1952, 04-04-1952, and 04-06-1952", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 30], "content_span": [31, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069188-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Aberdeen F.C. season\nThe 1951\u201352 season was Aberdeen's 40th season in the top flight of Scottish football and their 42nd season overall. Aberdeen competed in the Scottish League Division One, Scottish League Cup, and the Scottish Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069189-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Al Ahly SC season\nThe 1951\u201352 league championship was cancelled due to the revolution of 1952 and to allow the national team to prepare for the 1952 Summer Olympics. However, the Egypt Cup and the Cairo League were played normally. Al Ahly lost both tournaments to Zamalek.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069189-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Al Ahly SC season, Cairo Zone League\nCairo league champion was decided by results of Cairo teams in national league with no separate matches for Cairo league competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 44], "content_span": [45, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069189-0002-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Al Ahly SC season, Cairo Zone League, Table, League table\n(C)= Champions, Pld = Matches played; W = Matches won; D = Matches drawn; L = Matches lost; F = Goals for; A = Goals against; Pts = Points Source: .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 65], "content_span": [66, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069190-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Allsvenskan, Overview\nThe league was contested by 12 teams, with IFK Norrk\u00f6ping winning the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 29], "content_span": [30, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069191-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Allsvenskan (men's handball)\nThe 1951\u201352 Allsvenskan was the 18th season of the top division of Swedish handball and the final season where the league did not determine the Swedish Champions. 10 teams competed in the league. IFK Kristianstad won the league, but the title of Swedish Champions was awarded to the winner of Svenska m\u00e4sterskapet. SoIK Hellas and IK Baltichov were relegated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069193-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Arsenal F.C. season\nThe 1951\u201352 season was Arsenal's 32nd consecutive season in the top division of English football.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069193-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Arsenal F.C. season, Results, FA Cup\nArsenal entered the FA Cup in the third round, in which they were drawn to face Norwich City.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 44], "content_span": [45, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069194-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Austrian football championship, Overview\nIt was contested by 14 teams, and SK Rapid Wien won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 48], "content_span": [49, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069195-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Baltimore Bullets season\nThe 1951\u201352 NBA season was the Bullets' 5th season in the NBA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 95]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069196-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Belgian First Division, Overview\nIt was contested by 16 teams, and R.F.C. de Li\u00e8ge won the championship. As part of the re-organisation of Belgian football for the following season, this division was renamed Division I.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069197-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Birmingham City F.C. season\nThe 1951\u201352 Football League season was Birmingham City Football Club's 49th in the Football League and their 21st in the Second Division. They finished in third position in the 22-team division, missing out on promotion to Cardiff City on goal average. They entered the 1951\u201352 FA Cup at the third round proper and lost to Leyton Orient in the fourth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069197-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Birmingham City F.C. season\nTwenty-three players made at least one appearance in nationally organised first-team competition, and there were fourteen different goalscorers. Goalkeeper Gil Merrick played in 43 of the 44 games over the season. Of outfield players, full-back Ken Green played in 41. Tommy Briggs was top scorer with 19 goals, of which 18 came in the league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069197-0002-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Birmingham City F.C. season, Football League Second Division\nNote that not all teams completed their playing season on the same day. Birmingham had been in the promotion positions since 22 March and were in second position after their last game of the season, on 26 April, but by the time the last game was played, on 3 May, Cardiff City had beaten Leeds United in their last game of the season to finish level on points with Birmingham with a better goal average.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 68], "content_span": [69, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069198-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Blackpool F.C. season\nThe 1951\u201352 season was Blackpool F.C. 's 44th season (41st consecutive) in the Football League. They competed in the 22-team Division One, then the top tier of English football, finishing ninth. Stan Mortensen was the club's top scorer for the eighth consecutive season, with 26 goals in all competitions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069199-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Boston Bruins season\nThe 1951\u201352 Boston Bruins season was the Bruins' 28th season in the NHL.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069200-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Boston Celtics season\nThe 1951\u201352 Boston Celtics season was the sixth season of the Boston Celtics in the National Basketball Association (NBA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069201-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Bradford City A.F.C. season\nThe 1951\u201352 Bradford City A.F.C. season was the 39th in the club's history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069201-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Bradford City A.F.C. season\nThe club finished 15th in Division Three North, and reached the 2nd round of the FA Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069202-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Brentford F.C. season\nDuring the 1951\u201352 English football season, Brentford competed in the Football League Second Division. The Bees secured a third-consecutive top 10 finish and reached the fourth round of the FA Cup, taking Luton Town to two replays before being knocked out.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069202-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Brentford F.C. season, Season summary\nAfter two consecutive 9th-place finishes in the Second Division, Brentford manager Jackie Gibbons elected to keep his squad together for the 1951\u201352 season, with former Brighton & Hove Albion utility player Frank Morrad being his only first team signing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069202-0002-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Brentford F.C. season, Season summary\nAided by the goalscoring of full back-cum-centre forward Fred Monk, Brentford showed excellent form in the first half of the season and just five losses in the opening 21 matches put the club into the promotion places. The push for promotion was derailed during the Christmas period, after consecutive defeats to Southampton on Christmas Day and Boxing Day. A dressing room ruckus ensued between manager Gibbons on one side and half backs Ron Greenwood and Jimmy Hill on the other. The bust-up resulted in Greenwood and Hill requesting transfers, with Hill eventually moving to local rivals Fulham in March 1952 in exchange for inside forward Jimmy Bowie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 701]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069202-0003-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Brentford F.C. season, Season summary\nCentre forward Billy Dare came into goalscoring in the second half of the season, but the disruption to the Harper-Hill-Greenwood half back line (Greenwood later rescinded his transfer request) led to an increase in the number of goals conceded and Brentford drifted out of contention for promotion to finish in 10th place. Amid much fanfare, former England international Tommy Lawton was signed for a club record \u00a316,000 fee in March 1952, but he managed to contribute only two goals in his 10 appearances. In 2010, full back Ken Horne commented that \"I'm sure we could have gone up that year but the spirit completely went out the team. We'd got by on spirit. The team had been kept together for so long that they had been fighting for each other\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 796]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069202-0004-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Brentford F.C. season, Season summary\nThe end of the season saw the retirement of Brentford's final two players signed prior to the outbreak of the Second World War in September 1939 \u2013 goalkeeper Ted Gaskell and utility man Tom Manley. Both received a joint-testimonial in April 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069203-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 British Home Championship\nThe 1951\u201352 British Home Championship was an international football tournament played between the British Home Nations during the 1951\u201352 season. In an unusual conclusion, Wales shared the championship with England, one of only four tournaments Wales would share victory in post-war. Ireland by contrast endured one of their worst championships of the period, losing all three games and failing to score. Scotland too underperformed, although their two losses were both hard-fought.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 516]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069203-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 British Home Championship\nScotland had kicked off the competition with an easy victory over Ireland in the first match. England and Wales by contrast split the points, failing to breach a 1\u20131 draw at Ninian Park. England exerted their authority over the Irish in their second game with a simple win, whilst Wales performed the impressive feat of beating Scotland on their home turf with a hard-won 1\u20130 success. The final games were tensely contested, as Wales, hoping for an England failure at Hampden Park in their final game took the play to the Irish and ran out 3\u20130 winners.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 586]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069203-0001-0001", "contents": "1951\u201352 British Home Championship\nIn Glasgow between England and Scotland, the tournament was decided by two Stan Pearson goals which gave England the victory and their half of the trophy. Had goal difference been used at this time to further separate the teams, then Wales would have won a rare individual victory, but this method of scoring was not introduced to the British Home Championship until the Seventies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069204-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 British Ice Hockey season\nThe 1951\u201352 British Ice Hockey season featured the English National League and Scottish National League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069205-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Buffalo Bulls men's basketball team\nThe 1951\u201352 Buffalo Bulls men's basketball team represented the University of Buffalo during the 1951\u201352 NCAA college men's basketball season. The head coach was Malcolm S. Eiken, coaching his sixth season with the Bulls.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069206-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Bulgarian Hockey League season\nThe 1951\u201352 Bulgarian Hockey League season was the first season of the Bulgarian Hockey League, the top level of ice hockey in Bulgaria. Five teams participated in the league, and Cerveno Zname Sofia won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069207-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Burmese general election\nGeneral elections were held in Burma over several months between June 1951 and April 1952 due to internal conflict within the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069207-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Burmese general election\nThe first elections since independence, they saw the Anti- Fascist People's Freedom League (AFPFL) win 60% of the vote and 199 out of 250 seats. Voter turnout was low at 20%, as only 1.5 million voters out of an eligible 8 million participated. It was the lowest turnout for a Burmese election since the 1920s boycotts in colonial Burma.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069208-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Cairo League\n1951\u201352 Cairo League, the 30th Cairo League competition, Zamalek won the competition for 12th time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069208-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Cairo League, League table\n(C)= Champions, Pld = Matches played; W = Matches won; D = Matches drawn; L = Matches lost; F = Goals for; A = Goals against; Pts = Points Source: .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 34], "content_span": [35, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069209-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Cardiff City F.C. season\nThe 1951\u201352 season was Cardiff City F.C. 's 25th season in the Football League. They competed in the 22-team Division Two, then the second tier of English football, finishing second, winning promotion to Division One.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069209-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Cardiff City F.C. season, Season review, Welsh Cup\nAfter a 3\u20131 victory over Milford United, Cardiff were eliminated in the sixth round by Merthyr Tydfil.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 58], "content_span": [59, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069209-0002-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Cardiff City F.C. season, Players\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 41], "content_span": [42, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069210-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Carlisle United F.C. season\nFor the 1951\u201352 season, Carlisle United F.C. competed in Football League Third Division North.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069211-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Celtic F.C. season\nDuring the 1951\u201352 Scottish football season, Celtic competed in Scottish Division A. They finished the season in 9th place with 28 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069212-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Challenge Cup\nThe 1951\u201352 Challenge Cup was the 51st staging of rugby league's oldest knockout competition, the Challenge Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069212-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Challenge Cup, Final\nWorkington Town beat Featherstone Rovers 18\u201310 in the final played at Wembley Stadium on Saturday 19 April 1952 in front of a crowd of 72,093. Workington full-back and captain-coach Gus Risman became the oldest player to appear in a Cup final at age 41. Three Australians, Tony Paskins, John Mudge and Bevan Wilson came up with decisive plays to help relative newcomers Workington to victory. It was the club's first Challenge Cup win in their first appearance in the final. Billy Ivison, Workington Town's loose forward, was awarded the Lance Todd Trophy for man-of-the-match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 28], "content_span": [29, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069213-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Chester F.C. season\nThe 1951\u201352 season was the 14th season of competitive association football in the Football League played by Chester, an English club based in Chester, Cheshire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069213-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Chester F.C. season\nIt was the club's 14th consecutive season in the Third Division North since the election to the Football League. Alongside competing in the league, the club also participated in the FA Cup and the Welsh Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069214-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Chicago Black Hawks season\nThe 1951\u201352 Chicago Black Hawks season was the team's 26th season in the NHL, and they were coming off of a horrible season in 1950\u201351, when they finished with an NHL worst record of 13\u201347\u201310, earning 36 points, as Chicago missed the playoffs for the fifth straight season. The Black Hawks ended the 1950\u201351 season winning only two of their last 43 games. In 1951\u201352, Chicago finished marginally better, but did not qualify for the playoffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069214-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Chicago Black Hawks season, Off-season\nIn the off-season, the Black Hawks were involved in the largest cash deal at the time, as they gave the Detroit Red Wings $75,000 in exchange for Jim McFadden, George Gee, Jimmy Peters, Clare Martin, Clare Raglan and Max McNab.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069214-0002-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Chicago Black Hawks season, Regular season\nThe Black Hawks started the season off playing .500 hockey through their opening eight games, as they sat with a 3\u20133\u20132 record, however, the team fell into a five-game losing streak, and quickly fell out of playoff contention. Chicago would slump all season long, ending up in last place in the league for the second consecutive season with a 17\u201344\u20139 record, earning 43 points, which was a seven-point improvement on the previous season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 50], "content_span": [51, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069214-0003-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Chicago Black Hawks season, Regular season\nIn an early season matchup (November 24) against the Detroit Red Wings at the Detroit Olympia, Black Hawks captain Jack Stewart made his return to the team after missing nearly a year of action due to a back injury. The Black Hawks defeated the powerful Red Wings 6\u20132 in his return. The following night in Chicago, Chicago goaltender Harry Lumley suffered a minor knee injury.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 50], "content_span": [51, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069214-0003-0001", "contents": "1951\u201352 Chicago Black Hawks season, Regular season\nTeam trainer Moe Roberts, who had first played in the NHL in 1925\u201326 with the Boston Bruins, and had not played in the league since 1933\u201334 with the New York Americans, was an emergency third period replacement in goal for Chicago. Roberts stopped every shot he faced to help the Hawks win the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 50], "content_span": [51, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069214-0004-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Chicago Black Hawks season, Regular season\nWith the team having some attendance problems, the Black Hawks decided to experiment with afternoon games, and it worked, as on January 20, 1952, the Hawks had a season high crowd of 13,600 in a game against the Toronto Maple Leafs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 50], "content_span": [51, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069214-0005-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Chicago Black Hawks season, Regular season\nBlack Hawks forward Bill Mosienko set an NHL record during Chicago's final game of the season at Madison Square Garden in New York, as he scored 3 goals on New York Rangers goaltender Lorne Anderson in 21 seconds as Chicago defeated New York 7\u20136.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 50], "content_span": [51, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069214-0006-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Chicago Black Hawks season, Regular season\nOffensively, Bill Mosienko led the team with 31 goals and 53 points, while newly acquired George Gee had a club high 31 assists, and finished second in team scoring with 49 points. Al Dewsbury led the Black Hawks blueline, scoring 7 goals and earning 24 points, while posting a team high 99 penalty minutes, while fellow defenceman Bill Gadsby also had a solid season, scoring 7 goals, registering 22 points and accumulated 87 penalty minutes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 50], "content_span": [51, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069214-0007-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Chicago Black Hawks season, Regular season\nIn goal, Harry Lumley played in all 70 games, winning 17 of them, while posting a GAA of 3.46, and earning 2 shutouts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 50], "content_span": [51, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069215-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Colchester United F.C. season\nThe 1951\u201352 season was Colchester United's tenth season in their history and their second season in the Third Division South, the third tier of English football. Alongside competing in the Third Division South, the club also participated in the FA Cup. Colchester reached the third round of the FA Cup before being knocked out by Second Division side Barnsley. In the league, they bettered the previous season's 16th-placed finish by finishing 10th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069215-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Colchester United F.C. season, Season overview\nColchester's 1951\u201352 season began poorly, with six defeats in the opening seven games due to an injury-ravaged squad. Rooted to the foot of the table, a mid-season revival including a double over local rivals Ipswich Town eventually saw the U's finish the season 10th in the final standings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 54], "content_span": [55, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069215-0002-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Colchester United F.C. season, Season overview\nVic Keeble became Colchester's first export that commanded a high transfer fee when he moved to First Division Newcastle United for a \u00a315,000 fee in January 1952. Despite his mid-season sale, Keeble remained the top scorer for the U's with 17 goals. Manager Jimmy Allen signed Kevin McCurley from Liverpool for \u00a3750 as a replacement for Keeble in March 1952. He scored six times in eleven games during the final two months of the campaign.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 54], "content_span": [55, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069215-0003-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Colchester United F.C. season, Squad statistics, Player debuts\nPlayers making their first-team Colchester United debut in a fully competitive match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 70], "content_span": [71, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069216-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Connecticut Huskies men's basketball team\nThe 1951\u201352 Connecticut Huskies men's basketball team represented the University of Connecticut in the 1951\u201352 collegiate men's basketball season. The Huskies completed the season with a 20\u20137 overall record. The Huskies were members of the Yankee Conference, where they ended the season with a 6\u20131 record. They were the Yankee Conference regular season champions. The Huskies played their home games at Hawley Armory in Storrs, Connecticut, and were led by sixth-year head coach Hugh Greer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069217-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Copa Federaci\u00f3n de Espa\u00f1a\nThe Copa Federaci\u00f3n de Espa\u00f1a 1951\u201352 was the 4th staging (old competition) of the Copa Federaci\u00f3n de Espa\u00f1a, a knockout competition for Spanish football clubs in Segunda Divisi\u00f3n and Tercera Divisi\u00f3n.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069217-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Copa Federaci\u00f3n de Espa\u00f1a\nThe competition began on 20 April 1952 and ended with the final on 15 June 1952, where Ja\u00e9n became champion after defeating Orensana.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069217-0002-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Copa Federaci\u00f3n de Espa\u00f1a, Qualified teams\nThe following teams competed in the 1951\u201352 Copa Federaci\u00f3n de Espa\u00f1a:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 50], "content_span": [51, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069218-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Copa M\u00e9xico\nThe Copa M\u00e9xico 1951\u201352 was the 36th edition of the Copa M\u00e9xico; the 9th edition in the professional era.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069218-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Copa M\u00e9xico\nThe competition started on February 17, 1952, and concluded on April 6, 1952, with the final match that give to the team Atlante the trophy for the third time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069218-0002-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Copa M\u00e9xico\nThis edition was played only by 12 teams, however Le\u00f3n did not enter because was the base of Mexico national team in the Panamerican Championship hosted in Chile from 16 March to 20 April; which was replaced by La Piedad (Second Division Champions). The competition was first played in a regional group stage and group winners advanced into a final group stage to determine an overall winner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069218-0003-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Copa M\u00e9xico, Final stage\nAll the matches played in Estadio Ol\u00edmpico Ciudad de los Deportes, Mexico City", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 32], "content_span": [33, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069219-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Cypriot Cup\nThe 1951\u201352 Cypriot Cup was the 15th edition of the Cypriot Cup. A total of 8 clubs entered the competition. It began on 9 March 1952 with the quarterfinals and concluded on 6 April 1952 with the final which was held at GSP Stadium. \u00c7etinkaya T\u00fcrk won their 1st Cypriot Cup trophy after beating Pezoporikos 4\u20131 in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069219-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Cypriot Cup, Format\nIn the 1951\u201352 Cypriot Cup, participated all the teams of the Cypriot First Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 27], "content_span": [28, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069219-0002-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Cypriot Cup, Format\nThe competition consisted of three knock-out rounds. In all rounds each tie was played as a single leg and was held at the home ground of the one of the two teams, according to the draw results. Each tie winner was qualifying to the next round. If a match was drawn, extra time was following. If extra time was drawn, there was a replay match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 27], "content_span": [28, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069220-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Cypriot First Division\nStatistics of the Cypriot First Division for the 1951\u201352 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 95]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069220-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Cypriot First Division, Overview\nIt was contested by 8 teams, and APOEL F.C. won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069221-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Czechoslovak Extraliga season\nThe 1951\u201352 Czechoslovak Extraliga season was the ninth season of the Czechoslovak Extraliga, the top level of ice hockey in Czechoslovakia. 18 teams participated in the league, and ZSJ Vitkovicke zelezamy won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069222-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 DDR-Oberliga\nThe 1951\u201352 DDR-Oberliga was the third season of the DDR-Oberliga, the first tier of league football in East Germany.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069222-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 DDR-Oberliga\nThe league was contested by 19 teams and BSG Turbine Halle won the championship, the club's second one after 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069222-0002-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 DDR-Oberliga\nRudolf Krause of BSG Chemie Leipzig and Kurt Wei\u00dfenfels of Lokomotive Stendal were the league's joint top scorer with 27 goals each. The season also saw the most goals ever scored in the history of the Oberliga with 1,233, 55 goals more than the previous one.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069222-0003-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 DDR-Oberliga\nThe 1951\u201352 season saw the highest spectator number of any DDR-Oberliga season with a total of 3,620,000, in line with the record number of season games played, 342.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069222-0004-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 DDR-Oberliga, Table\nThe 1951\u201352 season saw two newly promoted clubs, Wismut Aue and Motor Wismar while SV VP Vorw\u00e4rts Leipzig was newly formed and admitted to the league. SV VP Vorw\u00e4rts Leipzig would change its name to SV Vorw\u00e4rts der HVA Leipzig later in the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 27], "content_span": [28, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069223-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 DDR-Oberliga (ice hockey) season\nThe 1951\u201352 DDR-Oberliga season was the fourth season of the DDR-Oberliga, the top level of ice hockey in East Germany. Seven teams participated in the league, and Chemie Wei\u00dfwasser won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069224-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Danish 1st Division, Overview\nIt was contested by 10 teams, and Akademisk Boldklub won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069225-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Detroit Red Wings season\nThe 1951\u201352 Detroit Red Wings season was the Red Wings' 26th season. The highlight of the Red Wings season was winning the Stanley Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069225-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Detroit Red Wings season, Playoffs, Roster\nTerry Sawchuk, Bob Goldham, Benny Woit, Red Kelly, Leo Reise, Marcel Pronovost, Ted Lindsay, Tony Leswick, Gordie Howe, Metro Prystai, Marty Pavelich, Sid Abel (captain), Glen Skov, Alex Delvecchio, John Wilson, Vic Stasiuk, Larry Zeidel, Jack Adams (manager), Tommy Ivan (coach), Carl Mattson (trainer)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 50], "content_span": [51, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069225-0002-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Detroit Red Wings season, Player statistics, Playoffs\nNote: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; +/- = Plus-minus PIM = Penalty minutes; PPG = Power-play goals; SHG = Short-handed goals; GWG = Game-winning goals;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0MIN = Minutes played; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; GA = Goals against; GAA = Goals-against average;  SO = Shutouts;", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 61], "content_span": [62, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069226-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Drexel Dragons men's basketball team\nThe 1951\u201352 Drexel Dragons men's basketball team represented Drexel Institute of Technology during the 1951\u201352 men's basketball season. The Dragons, led by 3rd year head coach Harold Kollar, played their home games at Curtis Hall Gym, aside from 3 of their final 4 home games which were played at Sayre High School, and were members of the Southern division of the Middle Atlantic States Collegiate Athletic Conference (MASCAC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 473]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069226-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Drexel Dragons men's basketball team\nIn the 1951\u201352 season, Dan Promislo averaged 15.2 rebounds per game (288 in 19 games), settings a team record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069227-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Duke Blue Devils men's basketball team\nThe 1951\u201352 Duke Blue Devils men's basketball team represented Duke University during the 1951\u201352 men's college basketball season. The head coach was Harold Bradley, coaching his second season with the Blue Devils. The team finished with an overall record of 24\u20136.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069228-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Dumbarton F.C. season\nThe 1951\u201352 season was the 68th Scottish football season in which Dumbarton competed at national level, entering the Scottish Football League, the Scottish Cup, the Scottish League Cup, the Supplementary Cup, and the Festival of Britain Quaich. In addition Dumbarton competed in the Stirlingshire Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069228-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Dumbarton F.C. season, Scottish League\nAnother slow start to the league campaign, with only a single win from 9 attempts, meant that Dumbarton were never seen as challengers for the title but improving performances during the season resulted in a mid-table 10th-place finish with 28 points, 16 behind champions Clyde.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 46], "content_span": [47, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069228-0002-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Dumbarton F.C. season, Scottish Cup\nIn the Scottish Cup, Dumbarton lost to Falkirk in the third round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069228-0003-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Dumbarton F.C. season, Scottish League Cup\nQualification from the League Cup sectional games was again unfruitful, with Dumbarton finishing 4th and last, recording a win and a draw from their 6 games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 50], "content_span": [51, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069228-0004-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Dumbarton F.C. season, Supplementary Cup\nAfter a year's absence, the Supplementary Cup returned for one last season, with Dumbarton reaching the second round before losing out to Alloa Athletic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 48], "content_span": [49, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069228-0005-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Dumbarton F.C. season, Festival of Britain St Mungo Quaich\nThe season started brightly, with Dumbarton winning their first national silverware in 41 years, by triumphing in the St Mungo Quaich - a competition for B Division sides to celebrate the Festival of Britain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 66], "content_span": [67, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069228-0006-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Dumbarton F.C. season, Stirlingshire Cup\nIn the Stirlingshire Cup, Falkirk defeated Dumbarton in the semi final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 48], "content_span": [49, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069228-0007-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics, International\nAndy Tait and Duncan Smith were selected to play for the Scottish League B XI against the Irish League B side on 15 April 1952 - Smith scored one of the goals in the 6-0 win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 63], "content_span": [64, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069228-0008-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Dumbarton F.C. season, Reserve team\nDumbarton played a reserve team in Division C (South West) and finished 12th out of 16, recording 11 wins and 4 draws from 30 matches. Note that in addition to the reserve sides of the bigger Division A teams in South and West Scotland, the first teams of East Stirlingshire (relegated from Division B three seasons previously) and Stranraer also competed in this league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069228-0009-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Dumbarton F.C. season, Reserve team\nIn the Second XI Cup, Dumbarton lost in the second round to Dundee United.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069228-0010-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Dumbarton F.C. season, Reserve team\nFinally in the Reserve League Cup, Dumbarton could only manage a win and a draw from their 6 sectional matches and failed to progress to the knock-out stages.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069229-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Dundee F.C. season\nThe 1951\u201352 season was the fiftieth season in which Dundee competed at a Scottish national level, playing in Division A, where the club would finish in 8th place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069229-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Dundee F.C. season\nDundee would also compete in both the Scottish Cup and the Scottish League Cup. Dundee would find great success in the cups in this season, coming close to winning the double. After just barely qualifying out from the group stage, Dundee would make it to the League Cup Final where they would defeat Rangers by the score of 3\u20132, with captain Alf Boyd scoring a 90th-minute header from a Billy Steel free kick to secure the club's second major honour in its history, in front of a crowd of 92,325. Dundee would grace Hampden Park again for the Scottish Cup Final, but failed in their bid to win both cups in a comprehensive defeat to Motherwell. The attendance for this final is a Scottish record for any game not involving either of the Old Firm.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 773]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069230-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Dundee United F.C. season\nThe 1951\u201352 season was the 44th year of football played by Dundee United, and covers the period from 1 July 1951 to 30 June 1952. United finished in fifteenth place in the Second Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069230-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Dundee United F.C. season, Match results\nDundee United played a total of 41 competitive matches during the 1951\u201352 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 48], "content_span": [49, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069230-0002-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Dundee United F.C. season, Match results, Legend\nAll results are written with Dundee United's score first. Own goals in italics", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 56], "content_span": [57, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069231-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 English National League season\nThe 1951\u201352 English National League season was the 11th season of the English National League, the top level ice hockey league in England. Six teams participated in the league, and the Wembley Lions won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069232-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 European Rugby League Championship\nThe 1951\u201352 European Rugby League Championship was played from September 1951 to April 1952 and featured six games in which the Wales, France, Other Nationalities and England rugby league teams each played each other once. This was the twelfth competition and was won for the fourth time by France", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069233-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Everton F.C. season\nDuring the 1951\u201352 English football season, Everton F.C. competed in the Football League Second Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069233-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Everton F.C. season, Final League Table\nP = Matches played; W = Matches won; D = Matches drawn; L = Matches lost; F = Goals for; A = Goals against; GA = Goal average; GD = Goal difference; Pts = Points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 47], "content_span": [48, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069234-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 FA Cup\nThe 1951\u201352 FA Cup was the 71st season of the world's oldest football cup competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup, commonly known as the FA Cup. Newcastle United won the competition for the fifth time, beating Arsenal 1\u20130 in the final at Wembley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069234-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 FA Cup\nMatches were scheduled to be played at the stadium of the team named first on the date specified for each round, which was always a Saturday. Some matches, however, might be rescheduled for other days if there were clashes with games for other competitions or the weather was inclement. If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played, a replay would take place at the stadium of the second-named team later the same week. If the replayed match was drawn further replays would be held until a winner was determined. If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played in a replay, a 30-minute period of extra time would be played.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 653]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069234-0002-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 FA Cup, First round proper\nAt this stage clubs from the Football League Third Division North and South joined those non-league clubs having come through the qualifying rounds (except Bishop Auckland and Bromley, who given byes to this round). Matches were scheduled to be played on Saturday, 24 November 1951. Eight were drawn and went to replays, with three of these going to second replays.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 34], "content_span": [35, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069234-0003-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 FA Cup, Second Round Proper\nThe matches were played on Saturday, 15 December 1951. Seven matches were drawn, with replays taking place later the same week. Three of these replays went to a second replay, with the Tranmere Rovers\u2013Blyth Spartans game going to a third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 35], "content_span": [36, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069234-0004-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 FA Cup, Third round proper\nThe 44 First and Second Division clubs entered the competition at this stage. The matches were scheduled for Saturday, 12 January 1952. Nine matches were drawn and went to replays, with one of these going to a second replay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 34], "content_span": [35, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069234-0005-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 FA Cup, Fourth round proper\nThe matches were scheduled for Saturday, 2 February 1952, with the exception of two postponed matches. Three games were drawn and went to replays, which were all played in the following midweek match. One of these then went to a second replay before being settled.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 35], "content_span": [36, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069234-0006-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 FA Cup, Fifth round proper\nThe matches were scheduled for Saturday, 23 February 1952. The Leeds United\u2013Chelsea game went to two replays before Chelsea won the tie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 34], "content_span": [35, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069234-0007-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 FA Cup, Sixth round proper\nThe four Sixth Round ties were scheduled to be played on Saturday, 8 March 1952. There were no replays.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 34], "content_span": [35, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069234-0008-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 FA Cup, Semi-Finals\nThe semi-final matches were intended to be played on Saturday, 29 March 1952, although the Chelsea\u2013Arsenal fixture was not played until the week after. Both matches went to a replay, with Arsenal and Newcastle United eventually winning their ties to meet in the final at Wembley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 27], "content_span": [28, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069234-0009-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 FA Cup, Final\nThe 1952 FA Cup Final took place at Wembley Stadium. It was contested between cup holders Newcastle United and Arsenal. Newcastle won 1\u20130 with a late goal from Chilean striker George Robledo", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 21], "content_span": [22, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069235-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 FA Cup qualifying rounds\nThe FA Cup 1951\u201352 is the 71st season of the world's oldest football knockout competition; The Football Association Challenge Cup, or FA Cup for short. The large number of clubs entering the tournament from lower down the English football league system meant that the competition started with a number of preliminary and qualifying rounds. The 30 victorious teams from the Fourth Round Qualifying progressed to the First Round Proper.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069235-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 FA Cup qualifying rounds, 4th qualifying round\nThe teams that given byes to this round are New Brighton, Yeovil Town, Leytonstone, Cheltenham Town, Guildford City, Chelmsford City, Gainsborough Trinity, Stockton, Walthamstow Avenue, Dartford, Witton Albion, Weymouth, North Shields, Rhyl, Bromsgrove Rovers, Merthyr Tydfil, Hereford United, Grantham, Peterborough United, Scarborough, Ashington, Wigan Athletic, Nelson and Hendon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 54], "content_span": [55, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069235-0002-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 FA Cup qualifying rounds, 1951\u201352 FA Cup\nSee 1951\u201352 FA Cup for details of the rounds from the First Round Proper onwards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069236-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 FC Basel season\nThe 1951\u201352 season was Fussball Club Basel 1893's 58th season in their existence. It was their sixth season in Nationalliga A the top flight of Swiss football following their promotion from the Nationalliga B in the season 1945\u201346. Basel played their home games in the Landhof, in the Quarter Kleinbasel. Jules D\u00fcblin was the club's chairman for the sixth successive season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069236-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 FC Basel season, Overview\nErnst Hufschmid, who had functioned as player-coach the previous four seasons, continued as team manager this season. Basel played a total of 42 games in this season. Of these 26 games were in the domestic league, five games were in the Swiss Cup and eleven were test games. The test games resulted with four victories, two were drawn and five ended with defeats. In total, including the test games and the cup competition, they won 22 games, drew five and lost 15 times. In the 42 games they scored 123 and conceded 87 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069236-0002-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 FC Basel season, Overview\nThe newly built stadium Landhof was opened on the weekend of 18 and 19 August 1951. There were larger spectator stands, new meeting rooms, changing rooms and a brand new restaurant. The buildings had cost 700,000 Swiss Francs and had taken two years to complete, during this time the team had to play all their games at the Stadion Sch\u00fctzenmatte. The pitch had been newly laid out and its opening was accompanied by a two-day international football tournament, competed by Austrian team First Vienna, French team Sochaux-Montb\u00e9liard and Swiss teams Grasshopper Club Z\u00fcrich.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 607]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069236-0002-0001", "contents": "1951\u201352 FC Basel season, Overview\nOn both days there were over six thousand people celebrating the big party, even though their team lost 2\u20133 against Vienna and even 1\u20137 against Sochaux. It was a big hope that these new conditions would also change the fortunes of the club to the better, because nearly 60 years had passed since the club's foundation without a championship. The Basel fans were becoming frustrated, because 36 of the first 52 championships had gone to the cities of Z\u00fcrich, Geneva or Bern. Even small towns such as Aarau, Neuch\u00e2tel, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Lugano, Bellinzona, Biel/Bienne, Winterthur and St. Gallen had been able to celebrate a championship. The championship had still had never been won by a team from Basel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 739]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069236-0003-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 FC Basel season, Overview\nAs in the previous seasons, there were fourteen teams contesting in the 1951\u201352 Nationalliga A and the bottom two teams in the league table were to be relegated. Basel played a good start to the season. They won the first six games straight off. But they lost four of the next five games and slipped in the league table. However, winning the last three games before and the first three games after the winter break, they were again in contention for the league championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069236-0003-0001", "contents": "1951\u201352 FC Basel season, Overview\nSuddenly, towards the end of the season, they lost five games in a row and lost contact to the table top. At the end of the season Basel finished in fourth position, seven points behind the new champions Grasshopper Club. The hopeful fans were again frustrated by this fact. The team Basel had won 14 games, drew three games and were defeated nine times. The team scored 68 goals and conceded 47 as they obtained their 31 points. Josef \"Seppe\" H\u00fcgi was team's and the league's best goal scorer with 24 league goals. Walter Bannwart was the team's second-best goal getter with 10 goals. Paul St\u00f6cklin scored nine times, Ren\u00e9 Bader and Hans H\u00fcgi both scored seven times.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 702]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069236-0004-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 FC Basel season, Overview\nBasel started in the 3rd principal round of the Swiss Cup on 4 November 1951 with a home game against lower tier Wettingen and won 7\u20130. In the next round against Nationalliga A team Locarno they won 3\u20132 and again in the following round against Nationalliga A team Chiasso by three goals to one. In the quarter finals Basel beat Servette and faced Grasshopper Club in the semi-final. The Grasshoppers won this game in the Landhof and progressed to the final, in which they beat Lugano and thus won the double.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069236-0005-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 FC Basel season, Players\nThe following is the list of the Basel first team squad during the season 1950\u201351. The list includes players that were in the squad on the day that the Nationalliga A season started on 3 September 1950 but subsequently left the club after that date.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069236-0006-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 FC Basel season, Players\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069236-0007-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 FC Basel season, Players\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069237-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 FK Partizan season\nThe 1951\u201352 season was the 6th season in FK Partizan's existence. This article shows player statistics and matches that the club played during the 1951\u201352 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069238-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Football League\nThe 1951\u201352 season was the 53rd completed season of The Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 96]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069238-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Football League, Final league tables\nThe tables below are reproduced here in the exact form that they can be found at  website and in Rothmans Book of Football League Records 1888\u201389 to 1978\u201379, with home and away statistics separated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069238-0002-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Football League, Final league tables\nBeginning with the season 1894\u201395, clubs finishing level on points were separated according to goal average (goals scored divided by goals conceded), or more properly put, goal ratio. In case one or more teams had the same goal difference, this system favoured those teams who had scored fewer goals. The goal average system was eventually scrapped beginning with the 1976\u201377 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069238-0003-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Football League, Final league tables\nFrom the 1922\u201323 season, the bottom two teams of both Third Division North and Third Division South were required to apply for re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069238-0004-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Football League, First Division\nAfter the title disappointments of the previous five seasons, Manchester United finally ended their 41-year wait for the First Division title, finishing four points ahead of their nearest rivals, Tottenham Hotspur and Arsenal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 39], "content_span": [40, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069238-0005-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Football League, First Division\nHuddersfield Town and Fulham were relegated to the Second Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 39], "content_span": [40, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069239-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Fort Wayne Pistons season\nThe 1951\u201352 NBA season was the Pistons' fourth season in the NBA and 11th season as a franchise.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069240-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 French Division 1\nOGC Nice won Division 1 season 1951/1952 of the French Association Football League with 46 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069240-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 French Division 1, Final table\nPromoted from Division 2, who will play in Division 1 season 1952/1953", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 38], "content_span": [39, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069241-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 French Division 2, Overview\nIt was contested by 18 teams, and Stade Fran\u00e7ais won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 35], "content_span": [36, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069242-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 French Rugby Union Championship\nThe 1951-52 French Rugby Union Championship was contested by 64 teams divided in 8 pools. Thirty-two teams were qualified to play a second phase with eight pools of four clubs. The best two from each pool were qualified to play the \"last 16\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069242-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 French Rugby Union Championship\nThe Championship was won by Lourdes beating l'Perpignan in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069242-0002-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 French Rugby Union Championship, Context\nIn 1952,  France, was threatened with exclusion from the Five Nation Championship responsible by the British of \"professionalism\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069242-0003-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 French Rugby Union Championship, Context\nTo avoid this sanction, the French Federation promised to abolish the championship and created a list of players accused of professionalism including Jean Dauger, Robert Soro and Maurice Siman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069242-0004-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 French Rugby Union Championship, Context\nThe exclusion was avoided but the championship is maintained cause the pressure of the clubs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069242-0005-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 French Rugby Union Championship, Context\nFFR in any case decided to reduce the number of matches played during the season, cancelling the Coupe de France.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069242-0006-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 French Rugby Union Championship, Context\nFor the first (and last) time, the club excluded from the qualification round, played a consolation tournament called Coupe Cyril-Rutherford in memory of a French rugby pioneer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069242-0007-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 French Rugby Union Championship, Context\nThe 1952 Five Nations Championship was won by Wales, France finished fourth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069242-0008-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 French Rugby Union Championship, Context\nFrance won the first edition of European Cup', beating Italy in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069242-0009-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 French Rugby Union Championship, Second qualification round\nThe teams qualifying for the \"last 16\" phase are in bold", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 67], "content_span": [68, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069243-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team\nThe 1951\u201352 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team represented Georgetown University during the 1951\u201352 NCAA college basketball season. Francis \"Buddy\" O'Grady coached it in his third and final season as head coach. The team was an independent and played its home games at McDonough Gymnasium on the Georgetown campus in Washington, D.C. It finished the season with a record of 15-10 and had no postseason play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 458]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069243-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Season recap\nThe 1951\u201352 team was the first to play its home games at McDonough Gymnasium, marking the first time the Georgetown men's basketball team played on campus since the 1926-27 team used Ryan Gymnasium as its home court. It played its first game at McDonough on December 7, 1951 \u2013 the day before a ribbon-cutting ceremony officially opened the new gymnasium \u2013 against Fordham. Although the Hoyas lost the game, the 1951\u201352 team went on to post an 11-1 home record during McDonough's inaugural season \u2013 the first of 29 winning home records during the 30 seasons Georgetown played its home games there.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 657]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069243-0002-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Season recap\nJunior center Bill Bolger had a standout year. Playing in all 25 games, he scored in double figures 20 times, including 25 against Dayton and 29 against Wake Forest. His late-season 38 points against Mount St. Mary's on February 27, 1952, set a new Georgetown single-game scoring record. He scored 435 points during the year \u2013 also a school record \u2013 and his 17.4 points per game was the highest average by a Georgetown player in 34 years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069243-0003-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Season recap\nJunior guard Barry Sullivan was the team's point guard and other big scoring threat, and he and Bolger averaged a combined 32 points per game. Playing in 22 games, Sullivan himself led the team in scoring in ten of them, with a 26-point game against Princeton and 25 each against Pittsburgh and George Washington. He recovered from late-season injuries to average 21 points per game in the last two games of the season, and he made the winning basket in Georgetown's 72-70 defeat of George Washington in the final game of the year. Sullivan left school at the end of the year for two years of United States Army service in Korea during the Korean War and did not return to Georgetown, instead later completing his undergraduate studies at Columbia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 809]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069243-0004-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Season recap\nJunior center Hugh Beins averaged 8.7 points per game for the second straight season, appearing in all 25 games and scoring in double figures 10 times. His most notable performances were a 15-point game against Catholic in which Georgetown broke a three-game losing streak and 12 points in Georgetown's only victory over La Salle between 1948 and 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 413]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069243-0005-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Season recap\nSophomore guard Lou Gigante backed up Sullivan this season, but showed his potential for the future, coming off the bench to average 6.2 points per game, highlighted by 21 points against Richmond and 18 against Maryland in back-to-back performances in February 1952. He also demonstrated defensive prowess. He would become the team's starting point guard after Sullivan's departure.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069243-0006-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Season recap\nO'Grady's previous two Georgetown teams had struggled, but the 1951\u201352 team finished with a record of 15-10, his most successful team and the highest win total for a Hoya team between the 1946-47 and 1963-64 seasons. Although it was not invited to a post-season tournament, its performance and the team's move to an on-campus venue for its home games combined to create a sense of optimism in and around the program about its prospects for the future. Despite this, O'Grady resigned at the end of the season, departing with an overall record of 35-36, one winning season, and no post-season tournament appearances during his three-year tenure.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 704]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069243-0007-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Season recap\nThe 1951\u201352 team was not ranked in the Top 20 in the Associated Press Poll or Top 30 in the Coaches' Poll at any time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069243-0008-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, 1951\u201352 schedule and results\nIt had been a common practice for many years for colleges and universities to include non-collegiate opponents in their schedules, with the games recognized as part of their official record for the season, and the March 2, 1952, game against the New York Athletic Club therefore counted as part of Georgetown's won-loss record for 1951\u201352. Later in 1952, however, after the end of the season, the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) ruled that colleges and universities could no longer count games played against non-collegiate opponents in their annual won-loss records. Although Georgetown scheduled games against the New York Athletic Club during the regular season up until the 1961-62 season, those after the 1951\u201352 season were only exhibition games. The March 2, 1952, game thus became the last one against a non-collegiate opponent to count as part of Georgetown's regular season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 76], "content_span": [77, 977]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069244-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Greek Football Cup\nThe 1951\u201352 Greek Football Cup was the 10th edition of the Greek Football Cup. The competition culminated with the Greek Cup Final, replayed at Leoforos Alexandras Stadium, on 15 June 1952, because of the previous match (1 June) draw. The match was contested by Olympiacos and Panionios, with Olympiacos winning by 2\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069244-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Greek Football Cup, Final\nThe 10th Greek Cup Final was played twice at the Leoforos Alexandras Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 33], "content_span": [34, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069245-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Heart of Midlothian F.C. season\nDuring the 1951\u201352 season Hearts competed in the Scottish First Division, the Scottish Cup, the Scottish League Cup, the St Mungo Cup and the East of Scotland Shield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069246-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Hibernian F.C. season\nDuring the 1951\u201352 season Hibernian, a football club based in Edinburgh, came first out of 16 clubs in the Scottish First Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069247-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Honduran Amateur League\nThe 1951-52 Honduran Amateur League was the fifth edition of the Honduran Amateur League, Sula de La Lima defeated F.C. Motagua 4\u20133 in the final match played in San Pedro Sula. The season ran from 2 September 1951 to 30 March 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069247-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Honduran Amateur League, Regional champions\nFor the first time the department of Valle included a team to participate in the national championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 51], "content_span": [52, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069247-0002-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Honduran Amateur League, National championship round\nPlayed in a double round-robin format between the regional champions. Also known as the Pentagonal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 60], "content_span": [61, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069248-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Hong Kong First Division League\nThe 1951\u201352 Hong Kong First Division League season was the 41st since its establishment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069249-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season\nHuddersfield Town's 1951\u201352 campaign was Town's 32nd consecutive season in the 1st Division, but relegation would send Town to the 2nd Division since the 1919\u201320 season. Under the leadership of George Stephenson, Town recorded some of their worst ever results in their history, including 7\u20131 defeats by Wolverhampton Wanderers and Sunderland, as well as a 6\u20132 defeat by Newcastle United.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069249-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season, Squad at the start of the season\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 73], "content_span": [74, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069249-0002-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season, Review\nSince the end of World War II, Town's league form was in dire need of a boost, but unfortunately George Stephenson's team would soon find out the hard way that staying in Division 1 would be harder than even he imagined. Things weren't made easier with dreadful results against Wolverhampton Wanderers, Preston North End, Newcastle United and Sunderland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 47], "content_span": [48, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069249-0003-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season, Review\nStephenson would leave Leeds Road in March and would be replaced by Stockport County manager Andy Beattie before the end of the season. Town finished in 21st place with 28 points, 3 points behind 20th placed Stoke City.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 47], "content_span": [48, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069249-0004-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season, Squad at the end of the season\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 71], "content_span": [72, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069250-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 IHL season\nThe 1951\u201352 IHL season was the seventh season of the International Hockey League, a North American minor professional league. Five teams participated in the regular season, and the Toledo Mercurys won the Turner Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069251-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Idaho Vandals men's basketball team\nThe 1951\u201352 Idaho Vandals men's basketball team represented the University of Idaho during the 1951\u201352 NCAA college basketball season. Members of the Pacific Coast Conference, the Vandals were led by fifth-year head coach Charles Finley and played their home games on campus at Memorial Gymnasium in Moscow, Idaho.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069251-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Idaho Vandals men's basketball team\nThe Vandals were 19\u201313 overall and 9\u20137 in conference play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069251-0002-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Idaho Vandals men's basketball team\nIn early January, Idaho upset the third-ranked Washington Huskies at Hec Edmundson Pavilion in Seattle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069252-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball team\nThe 1951\u201352 Illinois Fighting Illini men\u2019s basketball team represented the University of Illinois.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069252-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball team, Regular season\nThe 1951-52 Fighting Illini men's basketball team had reached a level of national prominence that was only bettered by the 1914-15 national championship team. Head coach Harry Combes had guided his team to a Big Ten championship, a third place finish in the 1952 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament and a final AP ranking of No. 2 in the nation. Combes was beginning to build a dynasty in Champaign with 3 Big Ten Championships and 3 third place finishes in the NCAA tournament in his first 5 years at the helm.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 70], "content_span": [71, 590]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069252-0001-0001", "contents": "1951\u201352 Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball team, Regular season\nThe 1951-52 season not only brought Illinois another Big Ten title, it also introduced John Kerr, a center from Tilden Tech in Chicago. He began his three-year reign as Illinois\u2019 top scorer with a sophomore-record 357 points. The Illini recorded a 22-4 overall mark and went 12-2 in the conference. Once again, Illinois advanced to the national semifinals and ran into underdog St. John\u2019s. The Redmen fought their way to a 61-59 victory in the NCAA\u2019s first Final Four, in Seattle. Illinois took another third-place award home after beating Santa Clara, 67-64, behind 26 points by Kerr. At the conclusion of the tournament, Kerr and James Bredar were named to the Final Four All-Tournament team. Subsequently, at the conclusion of the season, Rodney Fletcher was named a Consensus 1st team All-American.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 70], "content_span": [71, 873]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069252-0002-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball team, Regular season\nThe starting lineup for the season included captain Rodney Fletcher, James Bredar and Irving Bemoras at guard, Clive Follmer at the forward slot with Robert Peterson and, future hall of famer Johnny \"Red\" Kerr at the center position. The team also included former University of Minnesota head coach Jim Dutcher.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 70], "content_span": [71, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069253-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Indian general election\nGeneral elections were held in India between 25 October 1951 and 21 February 1952. They were the first elections to the Lok Sabha after independence in August 1947. It was conducted under the provisions of the Indian Constitution, which was adopted on 26 November 1949. Elections to most of the state legislatures took place simultaneously.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069253-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Indian general election\nA total of 1,949 candidates competed for 489 seats in the Lok Sabha. More than 173 million people out of an overall population of about 360 million were eligible to vote, making it the largest election conducted at the time. Voter turnout was 45.7%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069253-0002-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Indian general election\nThe Indian National Congress (INC) won a landslide victory, winning 364 of the 489 seats and 45% of the total votes polled. This was over four times as many votes as the second-largest party. Jawaharlal Nehru became the first democratically elected Prime Minister of the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069253-0003-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Indian general election, Background\nIndia has a parliamentary system of government, where the Cabinet, headed by a Prime Minister, forms the de facto executive. Unlike most countries, the elections are conducted by an independent constitutional body, the Election Commission of India. Sukumar Sen was the first election commissioner of India.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069253-0004-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Indian general election, Background\nAfter the adoption of the constitution on 26 November 1949, the Constituent Assembly continued to act as the interim parliament. The interim cabinet was headed by Jawaharlal Nehru and consisted of 15 members from diverse communities and parties. Various members of this cabinet resigned from their posts and formed their own parties to contest the elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069253-0005-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Indian general election, Background\nA total of 173,212,343\tvoters were registered (excluding Jammu and Kashmir) out of a population of 361,088,090 according to the 1951 Census of India. All Indian citizens over the age of 21 were eligible to vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069253-0006-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Indian general election, Background\nEach candidate was allotted a differently-coloured ballot box at the polling booth, on which each candidate's name and symbol were written. 16,500 clerks were appointed on a contract of six months to type and collate the electorate rolls and 380,000 reams of paper were used for printing the rolls.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069253-0007-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Indian general election, Background\nDue to the harsh climate and challenging logistics, the election was held in 68 phases. A total of 196,084 polling booths were set up, of which 27,527 booths were reserved for women. All states except Himachal Pradesh and Jammu & Kashmir voted in February\u2013March 1952; no polls were held for Lok Sabha seats in Kashmir until 1967. Himachal Pradesh voted in 1951 for the first Lok Sabha; the weather there tends to be inclement in February and March, heavy snow impending free movement. The first votes of the election were cast in the tehsil (district) of Chini in Himachal Pradesh.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 625]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069253-0008-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Indian general election, Background\nVoters elected 489 members to the lower house of the Parliament of India. These were allotted across 401 constituencies in 25 Indian states. There were 314 constituencies electing one member using the first-past-the-post system. 86 constituencies elected two members, one from the general category and one from Scheduled Castes or Scheduled Tribes. There was one constituency with three elected representatives. These multi-seat constituencies were present to fulfill the reservations granted to backward sections of the society by the Constitution. They were later abolished in the 1960s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 633]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069253-0009-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Indian general election, Background\nThe Constitution at this time also provided for two Anglo-Indian members to be nominated by the President of India.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069253-0010-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Indian general election, Political parties\nA total of 53 parties and 533 independents contested the 489 seats in the election. Two former cabinet colleagues of Nehru established separate political parties to challenge the INC's supremacy. While Syama Prasad Mukherjee went on to found the Jana Sangh in October 1951, first Law Minister B. R. Ambedkar revived the Scheduled Castes Federation (which was later named the Republican Party).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 50], "content_span": [51, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069253-0011-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Indian general election, Political parties\nOther parties which started coming to the forefront included the Kisan Mazdoor Praja Parishad, whose prime mover was Acharya Kripalani; the Socialist Party, which had Ram Manohar Lohia and Jayaprakash Narayan's leadership to boast of; and the Communist Party of India. However, these smaller parties were unable to make an electoral stand against the Indian National Congress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 50], "content_span": [51, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069253-0012-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Indian general election, Government formation\nThe speaker of the first Lok Sabha was Ganesh Vasudev Mavalankar. The first Lok Sabha also witnessed 677 sittings (3,784 hours), the highest recorded count of the number of sitting hours. The Lok Sabha lasted its full term from 17 April 1952 until 4 April 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 53], "content_span": [54, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069253-0013-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Indian general election, Notable losses\nFirst Law Minister B. R. Ambedkar was defeated in the Bombay (North Central)  constituency as Scheduled Castes Federation candidate by his little-known former assistant and Congress Candidate Narayan Sadoba Kajrolkar, who polled 1,38,137 votes compared to Ambedkar's 1,23,576 votes. Ambedkar then entered the parliament as a Rajya Sabha member. He contested a by-poll from Bhandara in 1954 in another attempt to enter the Lok Sabha, but again lost to Borkar of Congress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 47], "content_span": [48, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069253-0014-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Indian general election, Notable losses\nAcharya Kripalani lost from Faizabad in Uttar Pradesh as a KMPP candidate, but his wife Sucheta Kripalani defeated the Congress candidate Manmohini Sahgal in Delhi.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 47], "content_span": [48, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069254-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Indiana Hoosiers men's basketball team\nThe 1951\u201352 Indiana Hoosiers men's basketball team represented Indiana University. Their head coach was Branch McCracken, who was in his 11th year. The team played its home games in The Fieldhouse in Bloomington, Indiana, and was a member of the Big Ten Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069254-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Indiana Hoosiers men's basketball team\nThe Hoosiers finished the regular season with an overall record of 16\u20136 and a conference record of 9\u20135, finishing 4th in the Big Ten Conference. Indiana was not invited to participate in any postseason tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069255-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Indianapolis Olympians season\nThe 1951\u201352 NBA season was the Olympians' 3rd season in the NBA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069256-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Iowa Hawkeyes men's basketball team\nThe 1951\u201352 Iowa Hawkeyes men's basketball team represented the University of Iowa in intercollegiate basketball during the 1951\u201352 season. The team was led by first-year head coach Bucky O'Connor and played their home games at the Iowa Field House. The Hawkeyes finished the season with a 19\u20133 record (11\u20133 in Big Ten) and in second place in the Big Ten standings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069257-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Iowa State Cyclones men's basketball team\nThe 1951\u201352 Iowa State Cyclones men's basketball team represented Iowa State University during the 1951-52 NCAA College men's basketball season. The Cyclones were coached by Clay Sutherland, who was in his fifth season with the Cyclones. They played their home games at the Iowa State Armory in Ames, Iowa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069257-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Iowa State Cyclones men's basketball team\nThey finished the season 10\u201311, 4\u20138 in Big Seven play to finish in a tie for fourth place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069257-0002-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Iowa State Cyclones men's basketball team\nThe February 11 home game against Kansas marked the first ever live telecast of an Iowa State basketball home game. WOI-TV broadcast the game in central Iowa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069258-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Iraq FA Baghdad First Division\nThe 1951\u201352 Iraq FA Baghdad First Division was the fourth season of the Iraq Central FA League (the top division of football in Baghdad and its neighbouring cities from 1948 to 1973). Al-Haris Al-Maliki won their third consecutive league title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069258-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Iraq FA Baghdad First Division\nFor the first time, the Civil Cantonment (CC) select team from Habbaniya participated in the competition. In January 1952, they defeated Al-Haris Al-Maliki 5\u20132 at Al-Kashafa Stadium with a hat-trick from Aram Karam. They later played Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya Al-Malikiya with the match ending in a draw after extra time. Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya Al-Malikiya won the replay 5\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069259-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Irish League\nThe Irish League in season 1951\u201352 comprised 12 teams, and Glenavon won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069260-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Israel State Cup\nThe 1951\u201352 Israel State Cup (Hebrew: \u05d2\u05d1\u05d9\u05e2 \u05d4\u05de\u05d3\u05d9\u05e0\u05d4\u200e, Gvia HaMedina) was the 16th season of Israel's nationwide football cup competition and the first after the Israeli Declaration of Independence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069260-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Israel State Cup\nThe final was held at the Basa Stadium on 7 June 1952, between Maccabi Tel Aviv and Maccabi Petah Tikva, and latter won 1\u20130 to win its second cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069260-0002-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Israel State Cup, Results, First round\n14 of the 15 Liga Gimel (3rd tier) clubs which had registered to play in the cup competed in the first round (the 15th, Hapoel Beit Oren received a bye to the second round). Matches were held on 24 November 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 46], "content_span": [47, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069260-0003-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Israel State Cup, Results, Second Round\nAll 28 Liga Bet (2nd tier) clubs joined the 8 Liga Gimel club, qualified from the first round. Matches were played on 8 December 1951. The replays were played on 5 January 1952, after a few Saturdays of torrential rain, which prevented any football activity.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 47], "content_span": [48, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069260-0004-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Israel State Cup, Results, Third Round\nThe 18 qualified teams were joined by the 12 Liga Alef clubs. Most matches were held on  26 January 1952, with three, of Maccabi Tel Aviv, Hapoel Tel Aviv and Maccabi Petah Tikva postponed to 16 February 1952, since players of these clubs were with an IDF XI team on a tour in Cyprus.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 46], "content_span": [47, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069260-0005-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Israel State Cup, Results, Fourth Round\nThe 15 qualifiers from the third round were divided into 7 ties, with Maccabi Rishon LeZion receiving a bye to the quarter-finals. Matches were played on 23 February 1952, with the tie between Hapoel Haifa and Hapoel Tel Aviv going into a double replay, played on 1 March 1952 and 8 March 1952. The second replay between the teams were abandoned midway through the second half, with Hapoel Tel Aviv leading 2\u20130, after a Hapoel player was sent off, and the crowd stormed the pitch. The IFA ordered the teams to play the 23 minutes left in the game on a neutral pitch. Hapoel Haifa appealed the decision, and when the appeal was denied, resigned from the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 47], "content_span": [48, 713]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069260-0006-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Israel State Cup, Results, Quarter-finals\nMatches were played on 8 March 1952, except for the tie between Hapoel Tel Aviv and Hapoel Ramat Gan, which was delayed until the fourth round tie between Hapoel Tel Aviv and Hapoel Haifa was resolved, and played on 12 April 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 49], "content_span": [50, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069260-0007-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Israel State Cup, Results, Semi-finals\nThe first semi-final, between Hapoel Petah Tikva and Maccabi Tel Aviv was played on 22 March 1952. The second was delayed for over two months and was finally played on 24 May 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 46], "content_span": [47, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069261-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Isthmian League\nThe 1951\u201352 season was the 37th in the history of the Isthmian League, an English football competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069261-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Isthmian League\nLeytonstone were champions for the third season in a row, winning their eighth Isthmian League title. At the end of the season Tufnell Park Edmonton resigned from the league and switched to the Spartan League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069262-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Juventus F.C. season\nDuring the 1951\u201352 season Juventus Football Club competed in Serie A and the Latin Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069262-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Juventus F.C. season, Summary\nThe bianconero club saw a moving summer due to disagreements between Juventus chairman and manager Carver, who exploded in an interview with Gazzetta dello Sport just before the preseason in August, demanding the selling of the Hansen brothers, John and Pr\u00e6st, and buying Benito Lorenzi from Inter. The response of chairman Gianni Agnelli was the dismissal of the English manager. The team new replacement was Hungarian Gy\u00f6rgy S\u00e1rosi, with contract in the United States until December; meanwhile, Gianpiero Combi and Luigi Bertolini were interim managers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069262-0002-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Juventus F.C. season, Summary\nDuring the Serie A season, Hansen scored 30 goals, earning him the \"Capocannoniere\" Italian top goal-scorer title, along with the squad reaching a massive total of 98 goals scored and helping Juventus to win its 9th domestic title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069262-0003-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Juventus F.C. season, Squad\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 35], "content_span": [36, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069263-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball team\nThe 1951\u201352 Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball team represented the University of Kansas in the 1951\u201352 NCAA men's basketball season, which was the Jayhawks' 54th. They were led by legendary coach Phog Allen in his 35th season overall, 33rd consecutive. He guided Kansas to its first NCAA Tournament championship, their 3rd National Championship overall, behind center Clyde Lovellette, who scored 33 points and grabbed 17 rebounds in an 80-63 victory over St. John's in the title game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069263-0000-0001", "contents": "1951\u201352 Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball team\nLovellette became the only player in NCAA history to lead the nation in scoring while leading his team to the national championship in the same season. Also on the team was Dean Smith, who later went on to a Hall of Fame coaching career at North Carolina. Seven members of the team, as well as Allen, would be named to the 1952 United States men's Olympic basketball team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069264-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Kentucky Wildcats men's basketball team\nThe 1951\u201352 Kentucky Wildcats men's basketball team represented University of Kentucky. The head coach was Adolph Rupp. The team was a member of the Southeast Conference and played their home games at Memorial Coliseum in Lexington, Kentucky. The Wildcats finished the season with a 29\u20133 (14\u20130 SEC) record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069265-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 La Liga\nThe 1951\u201352 La Liga was the 21st season since its establishment. The season started on 9 September 1951 and finished on 13 April 1952. Barcelona achieved their fifth title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069265-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 La Liga, Team locations\nLas Palmas and Atl\u00e9tico Tetu\u00e1n made their debut in La Liga. The former became the first team from the Canary Islands to play in the top tier while the latter, as Tetouan were part of the Spanish protectorate in Morocco, were the first team based in the continental Africa to play in a European top division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 31], "content_span": [32, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069266-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 La Salle Explorers men's basketball team\nThe 1951\u201352 La Salle Explorers men's basketball team represented La Salle University. The Explorers would win the 1952 National Invitation Tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069267-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Lancashire Cup\nThe 1951\u201352 Lancashire Cup was the thirty-ninth occasion on which rugby league's Lancashire Cup completion was held. It was won by Wigan who defeated Leigh in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069267-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Lancashire Cup, Background\nOverall, the number of teams entering this year\u2019s competition remained the same as last year\u2019s total of 14. The same pre-war fixture format was retained. This season saw no bye but one \u201cblank\u201d or \u201cdummy\u201d fixture in the first round. There was also one bye but no \u201cblank\u201d fixture\u201d in the second round. As last season, all the first round matches of the competition will be played on the basis of two legged, home and away, ties \u2013 and the remainder of the rounds remaining on straight forward knock-out basis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 541]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069267-0002-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Lancashire Cup, Competition and results, Round 1 - First Leg\nInvolved  7 matches (with no bye and one \u201cblank\u201d fixture) and 14 clubs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 68], "content_span": [69, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069267-0003-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Lancashire Cup, Competition and results, Round 1 \u2013 Second Leg\nInvolved  7 matches (with no bye and one \u201cblank\u201d fixture) and 14 clubs. These are the reverse fixture from the first leg.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 69], "content_span": [70, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069267-0004-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Lancashire Cup, Competition and results, Final\nWigan won the trophy by beating Leigh by the score of 14-6. The match was played at Station Road, Pendlebury, (historically in the county of Lancashire). The attendance was 33,230 and receipts were \u00a35,432. This was the sixth (and last) in Wigan\u2019s record breaking run of six consecutive Lancashire Cup victories.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 54], "content_span": [55, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069267-0005-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Lancashire Cup, Competition and results, Final, Teams and scorers\nScoring - Try = three (3) points - Goal = two (2) points - Drop goal = two (2) points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 73], "content_span": [74, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069267-0006-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Lancashire Cup, Competition and results, The road to success\nAll the first round ties were played on a two leg (home and away) basis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 68], "content_span": [69, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069267-0007-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Lancashire Cup, Competition and results, The road to success\nThe first club named in each of the first round ties played the first leg at home.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 68], "content_span": [69, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069267-0008-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Lancashire Cup, Competition and results, The road to success\nthe scores shown in the first round are the aggregate score over the two legs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 68], "content_span": [69, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069267-0009-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Lancashire Cup, Notes and comments\n1 * Station Road was the home ground of Swinton from 1929 to 1932 and at its peak was one of the finest rugby league grounds in the country and it boasted a capacity of 60,000. The actual record attendance was for the Challenge Cup semi-final on 7 April 1951 when 44,621 watched Wigan beat Warrington 3-2", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 42], "content_span": [43, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069268-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Landsdelsserien\nThe 1951\u201352 Landsdelsserien was a Norwegian second-tier football league season, the first named Landsdelsserien.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069268-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Landsdelsserien\nThe league was contested by 54 teams, divided into a total of seven groups from four districts; \u00d8stland/S\u00f8ndre, \u00d8stland/Nordre, S\u00f8rland/Vestland and M\u00f8re/Tr\u00f8ndelag. The two group winners in the \u00d8stland districts, Larvik Turn and Lillestr\u00f8m promoted directly to the 1952\u201353 Hovedserien. The other five group winners qualified for promotion play-offs to compete for two spots in the following season's top flight. Varegg and Ranheim won the play-offs and were promoted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069268-0002-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Landsdelsserien, Promotion play-offs\nVaregg won 2\u20131 over \u00c5lg\u00e5rd and were promoted to Hovedserien.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069268-0003-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Landsdelsserien, Promotion play-offs\nRanheim won 2\u20130 over H\u00f8dd and were promoted to Hovedserien.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069269-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 League Algiers\nThe 1951\u201352 League Algiers Football Association season started on September 23, 1951 and ended on June 8, 1952. This is the 30th edition of the championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069269-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 League Algiers, Final results, Division Honneur\nThe Division Honneur is the highest level of League Algiers Football Association, the equivalent of the elite for this league. It consists of twelve clubs who compete in both the title of \"Champion of Division Honneur\" and that of \"Champion of Algiers\", since it is the highest degree.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 55], "content_span": [56, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069270-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 League of Ireland, Overview\nIt was contested by 12 teams, and, in their first season in the League of Ireland, St Patrick's Athletic remarkably won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 35], "content_span": [36, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069271-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Liga Alef\nThe 1951\u201352 season was the first edition of Liga Alef, which had replaced the Israeli League as the top division of football in Israel following a year-long hiatus. It took place between October 1951 to June 1952 and was contested by 12 clubs, the same ones which had played in the top flight during the 1949\u201350 season minus Maccabi Nes Tziona.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069271-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Liga Alef\nMaccabi Tel Aviv won their second consecutive championship, whilst the two Rishon LeZion clubs, Hapoel and Maccabi were relegated. Maccabi Tel Aviv's Yehoshua Glazer was the top scorer with 27 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069271-0002-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Liga Alef\nAt the time, the league was played with two points for a win and one for a draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069272-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Liga Bet\nThe 1951\u201352 Liga Bet season saw Hapoel Balfouria (champions of the North Division) and Hapoel Kfar Saba (champions of the South Division) promoted to Liga Alef. Hapoel Kfar Ata of the North Division, Maccabi Nes Tziona and Hapoel HaNamal Jaffa of the South Division were all relegated. Hapoel HaNamal Haifa relegated following suspension, whilst Beitar Netanya and Hapoel Zikhron Ya'akov both withdrew from the league during season. thus, also relegated to Liga Gimel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069272-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Liga Bet, Participating teams\nAll active teams that have played in the aborted 1947\u201348 Liga Bet were invited to join the league. 11 teams from the North Division (Hapoel Balfouria, Hapoel Hadera, Hakoah Haifa, Hapoel Netanya, Hapoel Kiryat Haim, Maccabi Zikhron Ya'akov, Degel Yehuda Haifa, S.C. Atlit, Maccabi Hadera, Hapoel Dror Haifa and Hapoel Kfar Ata) and 8 teams from the South Division (Hapoel Kfar Saba, Maccabi Ramat Gan, Hakoah Tel Aviv, Hapoel Jerusalem, Hapoel Rehovot, Beitar Jerusalem, Hapoel Ra'anana and Hapoel Herzliya) have done so. Maccabi Nes Tziona, who finished bottom of the 1949\u201350 Israeli League was placed in the South Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 37], "content_span": [38, 663]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069272-0002-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Liga Bet, Participating teams\nTo fill in the vacancies, one club from the Liga Meuhedet Samaria Division (Hapoel HaNamal Haifa, who finished second in the division) was placed in the North Division to complete a 12-team line-up, and three teams from Liga Meuhedet Tel Aviv Division (Bnei Yehuda, Hapoel Jaffa and Maccabi Jaffa, who finished first, second and third in the division) and two from Jerusalem-South division (Maccabi Sha'arayim and Maccabi Jerusalem, who finished 3rd and 4th in the division) were placed in the South division to complete a 14-team line-up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 37], "content_span": [38, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069273-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Liverpool F.C. season\nThe 1951\u201352 season was the 59th season in Liverpool F.C. 's existence, and ended their season eleventh in the table.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069273-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Liverpool F.C. season\nIn the FA Cup a ground record of 61,905 watched the 4th Round FA Cup versus Wolverhampton Wanderers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069274-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Luxembourg National Division\nThe 1951\u201352 Luxembourg National Division was the 38th season of top level association football in Luxembourg.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069274-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Luxembourg National Division, Overview\nIt was performed in 10 teams, and National Schifflange won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 46], "content_span": [47, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069275-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 MJHL season, League notes\nThe Winnipeg Canadiens were bought and renamed the St. Boniface Canadiens.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069276-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Magyar Kupa\nThe 1951\u201352 Magyar Kupa (English: Hungarian Cup) was the 22nd season of Hungary's annual knock-out cup football competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069277-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Maltese Premier League\nThe 1951\u201352 Maltese First Division was the 37th season of top-tier football in Malta. It was contested by 8 teams, and Floriana F.C. won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069278-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Manchester United F.C. season\nThe 1951\u201352 season was Manchester United's 50th season in the Football League, and their seventh consecutive season in the top division of English football. They finished the season as champions for the first time in 41 years, securing their title on the final day of the season with a 6-1 home win over an Arsenal side who were their last remaining contenders in the race for the title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 425]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069278-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Manchester United F.C. season\nUnited were still captained by Johnny Carey, who along with the likes of high scoring forward Jack Rowley had been at the club since before the war and helped them win the FA Cup in 1948, but by this stage most of the players from United's first postwar side were now in their thirties, and Busby was gradually replacing his older stars with younger players from the youth team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069278-0001-0001", "contents": "1951\u201352 Manchester United F.C. season\nHe made a club record move for Birmingham City winger Johnny Berry before the start of this title winning season, and also drafted in 22-year-old Roger Byrne from the reserve side to occupy the left wing, with Byrne scoring a host of crucial goals to help United clinch the title. Another young player who made his debut in the season, but did not play enough times to collect a championship medal, was the Belfast born teenager Jackie Blanchflower, who was equally capable as a half-back or inside-forward.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069279-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Mansfield Town F.C. season\nThe 1951\u201352 season was Mansfield Town's 14th season in the Football League and tenth season in the Third Division North, they finished in 6th position with 52 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069280-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Mexican Primera Divisi\u00f3n season\nStatistics of the Primera Divisi\u00f3n de M\u00e9xico for the 1951\u201352 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069280-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Mexican Primera Divisi\u00f3n season, Overview\nThe season was contested by 12 teams, and Le\u00f3n won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 49], "content_span": [50, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069281-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Mexican Segunda Divisi\u00f3n season\nThe 1951-52 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n de M\u00e9xico season was the second tournament in this competition. It counted with the participation of ten teams. La Piedad was the winner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069282-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team\nThe 1951\u201352 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team represented the University of Michigan in intercollegiate basketball during the 1951\u201352 season. In their fourth season under head coach Ernie McCoy, the Wolverines team compiled a 7\u201315 record and finished in a tie for eighth place in the Big Ten Conference. Senior Jim Skala was the team captain, leading scorer and Most Valuable Player. The team was notable as the first racially integrated Michigan basketball team with Don Eaddy and John Codwell becoming the first two African-American players.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 601]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069282-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team, Season overview\nThe 1951\u201352 team finished the season in a tie for eighth place in the Big Ten Conference with an overall record of 7\u201315 and 4\u201310 against conference opponents. Ernie McCoy was in his fourth and final year as the team's head coach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 66], "content_span": [67, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069282-0002-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team, Season overview\nThe 1951\u201352 team was inexperienced with only one senior, Jim Skala, on the squad. The team narrowly averted a last place finish with a victory over Purdue in the final game of the season. The Wolverines' total of 787 points was the lowest in the Big Ten. The team also recorded the lowest field goal percentage (28.4%) and free throw percentage (59.2%) in the conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 66], "content_span": [67, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069282-0003-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team, Season overview\nJim Skala was both the team captain and the team's leading scorer. He totaled 258 points in 22 games (169 points in conference games) for an average of 11.7 points per game. At the end of the season, Skala was voted by his teammates as the team's Most Valuable Player. Skala later served as the head basketball coach at Eastern Michigan University (1954\u20131960) before returning to Michigan as an assistant basketball coach under Dave Strack from 1960 to 1966.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 66], "content_span": [67, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069282-0004-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team, Season overview\nThe team's second leading scorer was Milt Mead, a six-foot, seven-inch sophomore from Bay City, Michigan. Mead scored 238 points (10.8 points per game) over the course of the 1951\u201352 season. Mead also won the 1953 NCAA championship in the high jump.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 66], "content_span": [67, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069282-0005-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team, Season overview\nThe 1951\u201352 season was Michigan's second consecutive year at or near the bottom of the Big Ten basketball standings. In June 1952, McCoy resigned as Michigan's head basketball coach to accept a position as the athletic directors at Penn State. In July 1952, athletic director Fritz Crisler announced the hiring of 40-year-old William Perigo, previously the head coach at Western Michigan, as Michigan's new head basketball coach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 66], "content_span": [67, 496]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069282-0006-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team, Racial integration\nThe 1951\u201352 team was notable as the first Michigan men's basketball team to be racially integrated. During the 1950\u201351 season, the Indiana Hoosiers became the first Big Ten basketball team to integrate with the addition of center Bill Garrett. On January 9, 1951, Garrett became the first African-American to play at Yost Field House where he was \"warmly applauded\" by the fans. In a letter to The Michigan Daily, members of the Inter-Racial Association protested the lack of integration at Michigan. The letter said in part:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 69], "content_span": [70, 595]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069282-0007-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team, Racial integration\n\"Garrett is the first Negro to break the color line which exists in all Big Ten sports except football and track. ...  Year after year Michigan has had top Negro football and track stars. ... Why has the University NEVER had a Negro on the basketball team? Why does this policy persist throughout the Big Ten? The answers are obvious. There is a deliberate and conscious policy of discrimination against Negro athletes. Or perhaps you will tell us where we err, Mr. Crisler?\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 69], "content_span": [70, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069282-0008-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team, Racial integration\nMichigan coach Ernie McCoy responded by denying the accusation of discrimination. McCoy noted that, in the prior 10 years, only one African-American, football star Len Ford, had tried out for the basketball team. McCoy opined that Ford could have been a good basketball player, but noted that his obligations to the football team kept him from reporting on time and added that Ford had developed bad habits playing unorganized ball which he did not have time to erase in practice.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 69], "content_span": [70, 550]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069282-0009-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team, Racial integration\nOn December 1, 1951, less than a year after the published criticism from Inter-Racial Association, Don Eaddy and John Codwell became the first African-American basketball players at Michigan. In the opening game of the 1951\u201352 season, Eaddy \"hit four long shots\" for eight points against Central Michigan University, the first points scored by an African-American basketball player at Michigan. Codwell also played in the opening game of the season and scored one point on a free throw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 69], "content_span": [70, 556]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069282-0010-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team, Racial integration\nEaddy appeared in all 22 games for the Wolverines during the 1951\u201352 season and was the team's third leading scorer with 188 points. He went on to score over 1,000 points in four years for the Wolverines. He later played professional baseball for the Chicago Cubs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 69], "content_span": [70, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069282-0011-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team, Racial integration\nCodwell was reportedly able to slam dunk the basketball with ease, and although he saw limited action in the 1951\u201352 season, he became one of the team's leading scorers with an average of 10.5 points per game during the 1952\u201353 season. Although he was able to break the race barrier on the basketball court, Codwell was barred from speaking at the Detroit alumni group's annual meeting at the University Club after the group found out he was African-American. One member sought to justify the decision: \"It's not a question of being barred. It's just that the Club has never had any Negroes there before.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 69], "content_span": [70, 675]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069282-0012-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team, Season in detail, Game summaries\nGame 1: at Central Michigan. Michigan opened the 1951\u201352 season on December 1, 1951, with a 60\u201343 loss to the Central Michigan Chippewas. The game was played before a crowd of 3,500 and marked the dedication of Central Michigan's newly completed field house at Mt. Pleasant, Michigan. Don Eaddy \"sunk four long set shots\" for eight points, marking the first points scored by an African-American basketball player at Michigan. Another African-American player, John Codwell, also appeared in the game and scored one point on a free throw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 83], "content_span": [84, 620]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069282-0012-0001", "contents": "1951\u201352 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team, Season in detail, Game summaries\nTeam captain Jim Skala and starting center Dick \"Stick\" Williams both fouled out for Michigan, and head coach Ernie McCoy used a total of 14 players in the game. Milt Mead, playing as a forward, was the high scorer for Michigan with 16 points, and Eaddy's eight points was the second-highest total for the Wolverines. After the loss, The Michigan Daily wrote that the Wolverines had 16 days to recover from the \"humiliating\" defeat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 83], "content_span": [84, 516]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069282-0013-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team, Season in detail, Game summaries\nGame 2: Butler. On December 17, 1951, the Wolverines lost their first home game of the season, falling to the Butler Bulldogs by a 63\u201353 score at Yost Field House. Butler jumped out to a 15\u20134 lead at the end of the first quarter. The Wolverines suffered from poor shooting, converting 20 of 73 field goal attempts (27%) and 13 of 26 free throws. Head coach Ernie McCoy experimented with multiple combinations, using 11 players in the game. Butler's Orvis Burdsall scored 29 points, breaking Mack Supronowicz's Yost Field House scoring record of 28 points. Senior captain Jim Skala scored 14 points for Michigan. Freshman forward Ralph Kaufman and center Dick \"Stick\" Williams also scored 12 points each.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 83], "content_span": [84, 787]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069282-0014-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team, Season in detail, Game summaries\nGame 3: Penn. On December 20, 1951, the Wolverines lost by a 68\u201363 score to the Penn Quakers at Yost Field House. The attendance at the game was estimated at 500. Michigan led 63\u201362 with two minutes left in the game, but the Quakers scored six straight points to take the lead and win the game. Michigan's high scorer in the game was center Dick \"Stick\" Williams with 19 points, followed by forward Jim Skala with 15 points and guard Don Eaddy with 12 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 83], "content_span": [84, 543]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069282-0015-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team, Season in detail, Game summaries\nGame 4: Colorado. The Wolverines won their first game of the season by a 58\u201355 score in a Christmas Eve match against the University of Colorado at Yost Field House. Starting center Dick Williams twisted an ankle and did not score. Sophomore Milt Mead, playing at the forward position, led Michigan with 17 points. Jim Skala scored 14 and Don Eaddy added 11 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 83], "content_span": [84, 449]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069282-0016-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team, Season in detail, Game summaries\nGame 5: Steel Bowl \u2013 Penn State. On December 27, 1951, Michigan lost to Penn State by a 62\u201360 score in the opening game of the first Steel Bowl basketball tournament. The tournament was hosted by the University of Pittsburgh at its new Memorial Field House. Michigan led 18\u20136 at the end of the first quarter and 32\u201328 at halftime. The third quarter ended with the game deadlocked at 48\u201348. Michigan was outscored in the fourth quarter 14\u201312 as the Wolverines missed eight free throws in the final quarter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 83], "content_span": [84, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069282-0016-0001", "contents": "1951\u201352 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team, Season in detail, Game summaries\nMilt Mead was the high scorer for Michigan with 18 points on five field goals and eight of ten free throws. Dick Williams and Doug Lawrence each scored 10 points for Michigan. Don Eaddy hit one field goal and four of seven free throws for six points. John Codwell hit two field goals, but missed three free throws, for four points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 83], "content_span": [84, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069282-0017-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team, Season in detail, Game summaries\nGame 6: Steel Bowl \u2013 Virginia. On December 28, 1951, Michigan defeated Virginia by a 66\u201352 score in the consolation game of the Steel Bowl basketball tournament. The game was played at the Memorial Field House in Pittsburgh. Penn State defeated Pitt in the main game to win the Steel Bowl championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 83], "content_span": [84, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069282-0018-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team, Season in detail, Game summaries\nGame 7: Princeton. On New Year's Day, January 1, 1952, the Wolverines defeated the Princeton Tigers by a 62\u201344 score at Yost Field House. The game had an estimated attendance of 400. The Princeton team was coached by Franklin Cappon, who had been a basketball player and coach at Michigan in the 1920s and 1930s. The game was the team's most convincing victory of the season, as Michigan led by as many as 21 points in the third quarter. Center Dick Williams led the Wolverines with 18 points. Jim Skala had 16 points, and Don Eaddy scored nine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 83], "content_span": [84, 629]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069282-0019-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team, Season in detail, Game summaries\nGame 8: at Indiana. On January 5, 1952, the Wolverines lost by a 58\u201346 score to an Indiana Hoosiers team that had won seven consecutive games and was ranked No. 5 in the country. The game was played at the Old IU Field House in Bloomington, Indiana. The Hoosiers took an early lead, but the Wolverines tied the score at 33\u201333 in the third quarter against Indiana's second string players. Jim Skala was Michigan's leading scorer with 20 points on nine field goals and two free throws. Dick Williams had 16 points on six field goals and four free throws. No other Michigan player scored more than four points in the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 83], "content_span": [84, 703]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069282-0020-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team, Season in detail, Game summaries\nGame 9: Iowa. On January 7, 1952, the Wolverines lost at home to an undefeated Iowa Hawkeyes team that was ranked No. 12 in the country. The game was played before a crowd of 1,500 at Yost Field House. Iowa's 6 foot, 8 inch center Chuck Darling scored 18 points for the Hawkeyes. Milt Mead, playing at center, led the scoring for Michigan with 12 points, and forward Jim Skala followed with 10 points. Guard Don Eaddy and forward Bob Jewell each scored six points. The Wolverines improved their free throw shooting, making 14 of 18 tries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 83], "content_span": [84, 622]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069282-0021-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team, Season in detail, Game summaries\nGame 10: Illinois. On January 12, 1952, the Wolverines lost their third straight game against a nationally ranked Big Ten opponent. They lost at home by a 67\u201351 score to an Illinois Fighting Illini team that was ranked No. 2 in the country. The Illini had won ten consecutive games, took a 41\u201324 lead at halftime and held the lead through the second half. Guard Doug Lawrence led Michigan in scoring with 12 points and \"hit six long set shots\" for Michigan, including a shot from half court as time expired in the third quarter. Center Dick Williams scored eight points but missed four of six free throws. Don Eaddy added seven points, including three of six free throws. Milt Mead scored six.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 83], "content_span": [84, 777]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069282-0022-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team, Season in detail, Game summaries\nGame 11: at Minnesota. On January 14, 1952, the Wolverines lost their fourth consecutive game, falling to Minnesota by a 70\u201360 score in Minneapolis. The Associated Press reported that Minnesota jumped to a 24\u201311 lead in the first quarter over \"hapless Michigan\" before Minnesota coach Ozzie Cowles put his first-string players on the bench. Minnesota was ahead 57\u201340 late in the game when Cowles put his third-string players into the game. The Wolverines launched a comeback against Minnesota's third string but still fell short by 10 points. Guard Bob Topp was Michigan's high scorer with nine points on three field goals and three free throws. Jim Skala and Ray Pavichevich each added seven points, while Doug Lawrence and Bob Jewell scored six points each.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 83], "content_span": [84, 843]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069282-0023-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team, Season in detail, Game summaries\nGame 12: Michigan State. On January 19, 1952, Michigan stemmed its losing streak with a 50\u201336 victory over Michigan State at Yost Field House in front of a crowd of 5,800. Michigan converted only one field goal in the second quarter, and the Spartans led 18\u201312 at halftime. The Wolverines rallied in the third quarter, scoring 21 points to take a 33\u201329 lead. The Spartans scored only seven points in the fourth quarter and converted only 17% of their field goals in the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 83], "content_span": [84, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069282-0023-0001", "contents": "1951\u201352 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team, Season in detail, Game summaries\nMilt Mead was the leading scorer for Michigan with 16 points, and Don Eaddy added 13 points. Keith Stackhouse led the Spartans with 15 points. In holding the Spartans to only 36 points, the Wolverines mounted their best defensive scoring performance since holding the Spartans to 33 points in December 1948. The Spartans have not scored 36 points or less in the 60-plus years since.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 83], "content_span": [84, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069282-0024-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team, Season in detail, Game summaries\nGame 13: Northwestern. On January 21, 1952, the Wolverines lost by a 59\u201357 score to the Northwestern Wildcats at Yost Field House. In a close game, the score was tied 19\u201319 at the end of the first quarter and 33\u201333 at halftime. Four of Michigan's five starters (Jim Skala, Ray Pavichevich, Milt Mead and Doug Lawrence) fouled out of the game. Skala and Don Eaddy each scored 14 points for Michigan. Mead scored 12, and Bob Jewell scored nine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 83], "content_span": [84, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069282-0025-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team, Season in detail, Game summaries\nGame 14: at Marquette. On February 2, 1952, the Wolverines lost to the Marquette Hilltoppers by a 67\u201357 score in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Marquette had lost six straight games prior to the game. Marquette trailed 28\u201326 at halftime but scored 27 points in the third quarter to take the lead. Milt Mead was Michigan's high scorer with 21 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 83], "content_span": [84, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069282-0026-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team, Season in detail, Game summaries\nGame 15: at Northwestern. On February 9, 1952, the Wolverines defeated the Northwestern Wildcats by a 71\u201369 score at Evanston High School in Evanston, Illinois. Don Eaddy and Doug Lawrence led a 13-point rally in the fourth quarter to lead the Wolverines to a come-from-behind victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 83], "content_span": [84, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069282-0027-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team, Season in detail, Game summaries\nGame 16: at Iowa. On February 11, 1952, the Wolverines lost by an 82\u201359 score at Iowa City against an Iowa team that was ranked No. 9 in the country. Iowa coach Bucky O'Connor gave extensive playing time to his second- and third-string players, using 17 players in the game. Back-up forward Tom Tiernan was Michigan's high scorer with 12 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 83], "content_span": [84, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069282-0028-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team, Season in detail, Game summaries\nGame 17: Minnesota. On February 16, 1952, Michigan lost to Minnesota by a 52\u201344 score at Yost Field House. Minnesota was coached by former Michigan coach Ozzie Cowles. Michigan led 36\u201335 at the end of the third quarter but was outscored 17\u20138 in the fourth quarter. Milt Mead was the top scorer for Michigan with 18 of the Wolverines' 44 points. Carl Brunsting sustained a broken foot prior to the game and was lost to the team for the remainder of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 83], "content_span": [84, 543]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069282-0029-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team, Season in detail, Game summaries\nGame 18: Wisconsin. On February 18, 1952, Michigan defeated Wisconsin by a 56\u201355 score at Yost Field House. Michigan outscored Wisconsin 11\u20134 in the fourth quarter and began freezing the ball and stalling with four minutes left in the game. Milt Mead fouled out of the game with three minutes left, but John Codwell replaced him and scored nine points. Head coach Ernie McCoy used only six players in the entire game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 83], "content_span": [84, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069282-0030-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team, Season in detail, Game summaries\nGame 19: at Ohio State. On February 23, 1952, the Wolverines lost to Ohio State\t by an 80\u201367 score at the Fair Grounds Coliseum in Columbus, Ohio. Ohio State center Paul Ebert scored 40 points in the game, including 27 points in the second half. Michigan suffered from poor shooting, converting 22 of 73 field goal attempts. With the loss, Michigan fell into a tie with Wisconsin for ninth place in the conference. Milt Mead, playing at the center position, was the top scorer for Michigan with 19 points on five field goals and 9 of 11 free throws. Forward Jim Skala added 13 points on five field goals and 3 of 6 free throws. Forward Jack Levitt scored seven points, and Don Eaddy added six.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 83], "content_span": [84, 777]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069282-0031-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team, Season in detail, Game summaries\nGame 20: at Wisconsin. On February 25, 1952, the Wolverines lost to the Wisconsin Badgers by a 69\u201353 score in Madison, Wisconsin. Wisconsin took a 43\u201321 lead in the third quarter and \"coasted from there.\" Michigan committed 31 personal fouls in the game, and the Badgers set a Wisconsin Field House record with 42 free throw attempts (32 of which were converted). Jim Skala and Don Eaddy both fouled out of the game. Guard Doug Lawrence was Michigan's top scorer with 15 points,  Another guard Ray Pavichevich scored 11 points, and center Milt Mead added 10.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 83], "content_span": [84, 642]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069282-0032-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team, Season in detail, Game summaries\nGame 21: at Michigan State. On March 1, 1952, the Wolverines lost to the Michigan State Spartans by an 80\u201359 score. The game was played before a crowd of 8,623 at Jenison Fieldhouse in East Lansing. Michigan continued to suffer from fouls, committing 35 personal fouls in the game. Michigan State's Bob Carey, an All-American for the Spartans' football team, led the scoring with 25 points. Don Eaddy was the high scorer for Michigan with 18 points on eight field goals and two free throws. Jim Skala scored 11 points while Milt Mead added seven and Paul Groffsky and Doug Lawrence each scored six. With the defeat, the Wolverines fell to a 3\u201310 conference record and a tie with Purdue for last place in the Big Ten.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 83], "content_span": [84, 800]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069282-0033-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team, Season in detail, Game summaries\nGame 22: Purdue. On March 3, 1952, the Wolverines won the final game of their season by a 68\u201360 score against Purdue at Yost Field House. The game matched teams that had been tied for last place in the Big Ten, and the victory saved the Wolverines from finishing the season in last place. In his final game for Michigan, senior captain Jim Skala scored 23 points, closing his career with 508 points. Don Eaddy scored 19 points, including 14 points on \"long two-handed set shots.\" Milt Mead also scored 10 points for the Wolverines. Michigan converted 27 of 79 field goal attempts for 34% shooting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 83], "content_span": [84, 681]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069282-0034-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team, Season in detail, Scoring statistics\nThe following list compiles the scoring statistics for the 1951\u201352 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team. The nine players who were awarded varsity letters for their participation on the team are shown in bold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 87], "content_span": [88, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069283-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey season\nThe 1951\u201352 Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey team represented the University of Michigan in college ice hockey. In its eighth year under head coach Vic Heyliger, the team compiled a 22\u20134\u20130 record, outscored opponents 161 to 70, and won the 1952 NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Tournament. The season was the second consecutive in which the Michigan hockey team won the NCAA championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069283-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey season, Individual accomplishments\nSenior defenseman Bob Heathcott from Turner Valley, Alberta was Michigan's leading scorer during the 1951\u201352 season with 44 points on 13 goals and 31 assists. Six members of the team were selected as first-team All-Americans: forwards George Chin, Earl Keyes, John McKennell, and Doug Philpott, and defensemen Jim Haas and Reg Shave.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 79], "content_span": [80, 413]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069283-0002-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey season, Individual accomplishments\nAt the end of the season, the players selected goalie Willard Ikola from Eveleth, Minnesota, as the team's most valuable player. Ikola allowed an average of 2.75 goals per game in 24 regular season games. He allowed only four goals in the NCAA Tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 79], "content_span": [80, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069283-0003-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey season, Individual accomplishments\nJunior center John Matchefts, also from Eveleth, Minnesota, was chosen as the captain of the 1952\u201353 team. Matchefts had been leading the 1951-52 team in scoring until being declared academically ineligible with eight games remaining in the regular season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 79], "content_span": [80, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069283-0004-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey season, Standings, Schedule\nDuring the season Michigan compiled a 22\u20134 record, the fifthconsecutive year that the team won at least 80% of their games. This was the first season that Michigan played as a member of a conference. The teams in the MCHL played an unbalanced schedule against one another and to balance it evenly only the first two games against each member team were counted as part of the standings. Michigan finished tied for second with Denver but was selected over the Pioneers for the tournament due to a better overall record. Their schedule was as follows.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 72], "content_span": [73, 621]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069283-0005-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey season, Roster and scoring statistics\nCharles M. Hyman, a senior from Elyria, Ohio, won the manager's \"M\" for his work as the team's manager.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 82], "content_span": [83, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069283-0006-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey season, 1952 national championship\nIn the 1952 tournament, Michigan and the Colorado College Tigers were invited from the west, and the St. Lawrence Saints and Yale Bulldogs were invited from the east. The Wolverines defeated the St. Lawrence Saints in the first round by a 9-3 score. Michigan scored five goals in the first period against the Saints. Defenseman Graham Cragg scored the first goal of the game, and he later scored the final goal in the championship game. John McKennell and Pat Cooney scored two goals each in the victory over St. Lawrence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 79], "content_span": [80, 602]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069283-0007-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey season, 1952 national championship\nIn the championship game, Michigan played the Colorado College Tigers. Michigan and Colorado College had developed an intense rivalry as each had been invited to play in the Frozen Four for five consecutive years. Michigan won the championship in 1948 and 1951, and Colorado College won the championship in 1950. The teams had met twice during the regular season, with each team winning one game. A Colorado radio personality had referred to the Wolverines as the \"Michigan woodchoppers\" while a Colorado newspaper reported that Michigan forward George Chin was \"as wide as he is high.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 79], "content_span": [80, 666]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069283-0007-0001", "contents": "1951\u201352 Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey season, 1952 national championship\nThe championship game was played before a capacity crowd of 2,500 persons at Broadmoor Arena in the Tigers' hometown of Colorado Springs, Colorado. However, all three players on the Tigers' top scoring line, Omer Brandt (injury), Ron Hartwell (injury), and Tony Frasca (ineligible), were unable to play in the championship game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 79], "content_span": [80, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069283-0008-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey season, 1952 national championship\nMichigan won the championship game by a 4-1 score. The Wolverines scored three goals in the first period and led 3-0 at the first intermission. Michigan's first goal was scored by George Chin at 11:35 of the first period with an assist from center Doug Philpott. Five minutes later, at 16:29 of the first period, team captain Earl Keyes scored on a power play with assists from Jim Haas and Reg Shave. Michigan's third goal was scored at 19:07 of the first period during a Colorado College power play. Doug Philpott took a loose puck at center ice and \"sent a screaming 35-foot shot into the upper right corner of the net for a 3-0 lead.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 79], "content_span": [80, 718]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069283-0009-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey season, 1952 national championship\nColorado College narrowed Michigan's lead to 3-1 on a goal by Cam Berry at the 5:00 mark of the second period. Five minutes later, at the 10:12 mark of the second period, Graham Cragg scored Michigan's final goal with an assist from Alex MacLellan. Neither team scored in the final 30 minutes of the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 79], "content_span": [80, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069283-0010-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey season, 1952 national championship\nGeorge Chin was the high scorer of the tournament with four points on two goals and two assists.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 79], "content_span": [80, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069283-0011-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey season, 1952 national championship, (W1) Colorado College vs. (W2) Michigan\nJim Haas, George Chin, John McKennell and Doug Philpott were named to the All-Tournament First Team while Reg Shave and Earl Keyes made the All-Tournament Second Team", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 120], "content_span": [121, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069284-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Milwaukee Hawks season\nThe 1951\u201352 NBA season was the Hawks' third season in the NBA and first season in Milwaukee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069285-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Minneapolis Lakers season\nThe 1951\u201352 Minneapolis Lakers season was the fourth season for the franchise in the National Basketball Association (NBA). The NBA widened the foul lane before the 1951\u201352 season in an attempt to slow down George Mikan. Despite the change, it had little effect on Mikan. He still averaged 23.8 points per game, although he lost the scoring title to Paul Arizin, from the Philadelphia Warriors. The Lakers went into the campaign with essentially the same lineup. Rochester took first place in the Western Division by a game, but the Lakers ousted the Royals in four games in the division finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 629]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069285-0000-0001", "contents": "1951\u201352 Minneapolis Lakers season\nThe NBA Finals would have the Lakers oppose the New York Knickerbockers. Games 3 and 4 of the Finals were played at the 69th Regiment Armory instead of at Madison Square Garden. This was because the circus was in town. The teams split those games, and Games 5 and 6 as well. Game 7 was dominated by Minneapolis. The Lakers pounded out an 82\u201365 win, at home, to claim their third NBA crown in their first four seasons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069285-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Minneapolis Lakers season, Player stats\nNote: GP= Games played; REB= Rebounds; AST= Assists; STL = Steals; BLK = Blocks; PTS = Points; AVG = Average", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 47], "content_span": [48, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069286-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Molde FK season\nThe 1951\u201352 season was Molde's 4th consecutive year in the second tier of Norwegian football, their first in Landsdelsserien, which began this season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069286-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Molde FK season\nThis season, Molde competed in the inaugural season of Landsdelsserien and the 1952 Norwegian Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069286-0002-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Molde FK season, Squad\nSource:Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069286-0003-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Molde FK season, Competitions, 1952 Norwegian Cup\nMolde qualified for the 1952 Norwegian Cup by defeating Veblungsnes in the qualifying round. By defeating H\u00f8dd in the second round, Molde reached the third round of the Norwegian Cup for the first time in club history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 57], "content_span": [58, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069287-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Montreal Canadiens season\nThe 1951\u201352 Montreal Canadiens season was the club's 43rd season of play. After qualifying for the playoffs in second place, the Canadiens defeated the Boston Bruins to advance to the final series. The Detroit Red Wings would sweep the Canadiens in the finals, four games to none.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069288-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 NBA season\nThe 1951\u201352 NBA season was the sixth season of the National Basketball Association. The season ended with the Minneapolis Lakers winning the NBA Championship, beating the New York Knicks 4 games to 3 in the NBA Finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069288-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 NBA season, Playoffs\n* Division winnerBold Series winnerItalic Team with home-court advantage in NBA Finals", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 28], "content_span": [29, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069288-0002-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 NBA season, Statistics leaders\nNote: Prior to the 1969\u201370 season, league leaders in points, rebounds, and assists were determined by totals rather than averages.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 38], "content_span": [39, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069289-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 NCAA men's basketball rankings\nThe 1951\u201352 NCAA men's basketball rankings was made up of two human polls, the AP Poll and the Coaches Poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069290-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 NCAA men's basketball season\nThe 1951\u201352 NCAA men's basketball season began in December 1951, progressed through the regular season and conference tournaments, and concluded with the 1952 NCAA Basketball Tournament Championship Game on March 26, 1952, at Hec Edmundson Pavilion in Seattle, Washington. The Kansas Jayhawks won their first NCAA national championship with a 80\u201363 victory over the St. John's Redmen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069290-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 NCAA men's basketball season, Rule changes\nGames were divided into four 10-minute quarters. Previously, they had been divided into two 20-minute halves.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 50], "content_span": [51, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069290-0002-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 NCAA men's basketball season, Season headlines, Harlem Globetrotters vs. Seattle University\nOn January 21, 1952, the Harlem Globetrotters played Seattle in a game designed to raise funds for the United States Olympic efforts. Five days before the game was held, Royal Brougham received a call from Howard Hobson, who was the Yale basketball coach and a United States Olympic Committee member. It was reported that money was needed to support the country's Olympic effort for the games held in Helsinki, Finland. The Globetrotters had agreed to a three-game fund-raiser against college teams in the West, Midwest and East.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 99], "content_span": [100, 629]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069290-0003-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 NCAA men's basketball season, Season headlines, Harlem Globetrotters vs. Seattle University\nTickets cost $1.50 and they were sold out in 48 hours. Jazz great Louis Armstrong played at halftime and actress Joan Caulfield performed a ceremonial opening tip off. The game was played at the University of Washington's Hec Edmondson Pavilion and was filled to its 12,500 capacity.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 99], "content_span": [100, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069290-0004-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 NCAA men's basketball season, Season headlines, Harlem Globetrotters vs. Seattle University\nThe Globetrotters were considered the best basketball team in the world and the club paid their two star players \"Goose\" Tatum and Marques Hayes twenty five thousand dollars each. Entering the game with Seattle, the Globetrotters had played 3571 games winning 93 percent of their contests.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 99], "content_span": [100, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069290-0005-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 NCAA men's basketball season, Season headlines, Harlem Globetrotters vs. Seattle University\nSeattle player Johnny O'Brien was the nation's leading scorer at that time. O'Brien would become the first player in the history of college basketball to score 1000 points in a single season. He would finish the season with 1,051 points. Against the Globetrotters, O'Brien poured in 43 points. Johnny's brother Eddie  played point guard for Chieftains and his half court shot lifted the club to a 10-point lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 99], "content_span": [100, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069290-0006-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 NCAA men's basketball season, Season headlines, Harlem Globetrotters vs. Seattle University\nAfter halftime, the Globetrotters got back in the game as Johnny O'Brien sat out most of the third quarter. With seconds left in the game, the Globetrotters called a time out they did not have. A free throw was made by Johnny O'Brien and there was a possession change. The Chieftains were ahead 84\u201381.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 99], "content_span": [100, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069290-0007-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 NCAA men's basketball season, Season headlines, Harlem Globetrotters vs. Seattle University\nGlobetrotter owner Abe Saperstein was so upset that he canceled the rest of the Trotters benefit schedule that year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 99], "content_span": [100, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069290-0008-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 NCAA men's basketball season, Year-end polls\nThe final regular-season top 20 from the AP and Coaches Polls.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069290-0009-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 NCAA men's basketball season, Postseason tournaments, NCAA Tournament\nPhog Allen led the Kansas Jayhawks to their first NCAA Tournament title, defeating St. John's 80\u201363. Jayhawk All-American Clyde Lovellette broke the NCAA record by scoring 141 points in the tournament and was named tournament Most Outstanding Player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 77], "content_span": [78, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069290-0010-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 NCAA men's basketball season, Postseason tournaments, National Invitation Tournament\nLa Salle won the National Invitation Tournament by beating Dayton, 75\u201364. Tom Gola and Norm Grekin were named co-MVPs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 92], "content_span": [93, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069290-0011-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 NCAA men's basketball season, Coaching changes\nA number of teams changed coaches during the season and after it ended.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 54], "content_span": [55, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069291-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 NCAA men's ice hockey season\nThe 1951\u201352 NCAA men's ice hockey season began in November 1951 and concluded with the 1952 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament's championship game on March 15, 1952 at the Broadmoor Ice Palace in Colorado Springs, Colorado. This was the 5th season in which an NCAA ice hockey championship was held and is the 57th year overall where an NCAA school fielded a team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069291-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 NCAA men's ice hockey season\nThis was the first season of play for the MCHL. The conference was the first for western teams and would eventually become the WCHA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069291-0002-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 NCAA men's ice hockey season, Player stats, Scoring leaders\nThe following players led the league in points at the conclusion of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 67], "content_span": [68, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069291-0003-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 NCAA men's ice hockey season, Player stats, Scoring leaders\nGP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; PIM = Penalty minutes", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 67], "content_span": [68, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069291-0004-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 NCAA men's ice hockey season, Player stats, Leading goaltenders\nThe following goaltenders led the league in goals against average at the end of the regular season while playing at least 33% of their team's total minutes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 71], "content_span": [72, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069291-0005-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 NCAA men's ice hockey season, Player stats, Leading goaltenders\nGP = Games played; Min = Minutes played; W = Wins; L = Losses; OT = Overtime/shootout losses; GA = Goals against; SO = Shutouts; SV% = Save percentage; GAA = Goals against average", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 71], "content_span": [72, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069292-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 NHL season\nThe 1951\u201352 NHL season was the 35th season of the National Hockey League. The Detroit Red Wings won the Stanley Cup by sweeping the Montreal Canadiens four games to none.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069292-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 NHL season, League business\nA long standing feud between Boston president Weston Adams and general manager Art Ross ended on October 12, 1951, when Adams sold his stock in Boston Garden to Walter Brown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 35], "content_span": [36, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069292-0002-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 NHL season, League business\nThe Chicago Black Hawks, who had made the mammoth nine player deal the previous season, now decided to make the largest cash deal for players to this time by paying $75,000 for Jim McFadden, George Gee, Jimmy Peters, Clare Martin, Clare Raglan and Max McNab.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 35], "content_span": [36, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069292-0003-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 NHL season, League business, Rule changes\nThe league mandated that home teams would now wear a basic white uniform, while road teams will wear coloured uniforms. Before then, teams would often play with colored jerseys against each other, and with Television being in black white at the time, this helped viewers at home identify the two teams clearly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 49], "content_span": [50, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069292-0004-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 NHL season, League business, Rule changes\nThe goal crease is enlarged from 3\u00a0ft \u00d7\u00a07\u00a0ft (0.91\u00a0m \u00d7\u00a02.13\u00a0m) to 4\u00a0ft \u00d7\u00a08\u00a0ft (1.2\u00a0m \u00d7\u00a02.4\u00a0m). The faceoff circles are expanded from a 10-foot (3.0\u00a0m) radius to a 15-foot (4.6\u00a0m) radius.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 49], "content_span": [50, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069292-0005-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 NHL season, Regular season\nConn Smythe offered $10,000 for anyone who found Bill Barilko, missing since August 26. Barilko and Dr. Henry Hudson had left Rupert House on James Bay in the doctor's light plane for Timmins, Ontario, after a weekend fishing trip and had not been found.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069292-0006-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 NHL season, Regular season\nFor the fourth straight season, the Detroit Red Wings finished first overall in the National Hockey League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069292-0007-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 NHL season, Regular season, Highlights\nOn November 25 in Chicago, Chicago goalie Harry Lumley hurt a knee. At age 46, trainer Moe Roberts, who played his first game in the NHL for Boston in 1925\u201326, played the third period in goal for Chicago and did not yield a goal. Roberts would stand as the oldest person to ever play an NHL game until Gordie Howe returned to the NHL at age 51 in 1979.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 46], "content_span": [47, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069292-0008-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 NHL season, Regular season, Highlights\nChicago was not drawing well and so they decided to experiment with afternoon games. It worked, as the largest crowd of the season, 13,600 fans, showed up for a January 20 game in which Chicago lost to Toronto 3\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 46], "content_span": [47, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069292-0009-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 NHL season, Regular season, Highlights\nElmer Lach night was held March 8 at the Forum in Montreal as the Canadiens tied Chicago 4\u20134. 14,452 fans were on hand to see Lach presented with a car, rowboat, TV set, deep-freeze chest, bedroom and dining room suites, a refrigerator and many other articles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 46], "content_span": [47, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069292-0010-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 NHL season, Regular season, Highlights\nOn the last night of the season, March 23, 1952, with nothing at stake at Madison Square Garden, 3,254 fans saw Chicago's Bill Mosienko score the fastest hat trick in NHL history, 3 goals in 21 seconds. Lorne Anderson was the goaltender who gave up the goals to Chicago. Gus Bodnar also set a record with the fastest three assists in NHL history as he assisted on all three goals Mosienko scored. Chicago beat the New York Rangers 7\u20136.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 46], "content_span": [47, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069292-0011-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 NHL season, Playoffs\nDetroit finished 8\u20130, sweeping the defending Stanley Cup champions Toronto (the first time in NHL history the cup champs were swept in the first round) and Montreal, the first time a team had gone undefeated in the playoffs since the 1934\u201335 Montreal Maroons. The Wings scored 24 goals in the playoffs, compared to a combined five goals for their opponents. Detroit goaltender Terry Sawchuk did not give up a goal on home ice during the playoffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 28], "content_span": [29, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069292-0012-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 NHL season, Player statistics, Scoring leaders\nNote: GP = Games played, G = Goals, A = Assists, PTS = Points, PIM = Penalties in minutes", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 54], "content_span": [55, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069292-0013-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 NHL season, Player statistics, Leading goaltenders\nNote: GP = Games played; Min \u2013 Minutes Played; GA = Goals Against; GAA = Goals Against Average; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; SO = Shutouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 58], "content_span": [59, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069292-0014-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 NHL season, Debuts\nThe following is a list of players of note who played their first NHL game in 1951\u201352 (listed with their first team, asterisk(*) marks debut in playoffs):", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 26], "content_span": [27, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069292-0015-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 NHL season, Last games\nThe following is a list of players of note that played their last game in the NHL in 1951\u201352 (listed with their last team):", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 30], "content_span": [31, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069293-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 National Football League (Ireland)\nThe 1951\u201352 National Football League was the 21st staging of the National Football League (NFL), an annual Gaelic football tournament for the Gaelic Athletic Association county teams of Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069293-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 National Football League (Ireland)\nCork beat Dublin in the home final and easily dismissed New York in the Polo Grounds final, played at night under floodlights. New York didn't return to the final until 1963.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069293-0002-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 National Football League (Ireland), Format\nTeams are placed into Divisions I, II, III and IV. The top team in each division reaches the home semi-finals. The winner of the home final plays New York in the NFL final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 50], "content_span": [51, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069294-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 National Hurling League\nThe 1951\u201352 National Hurling League was the 21st season of the National Hurling League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069294-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 National Hurling League, Division 1\nThe National Hurling League saw a major restructuring for the 1951-52 season. The old system of a four-group National League was abolished. Division 1 was split into two different groups of seven teams. The top-placed team in each group contested the home final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069294-0002-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 National Hurling League, Division 1\nGalway came into the season as defending champions of the 1950-51 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069294-0003-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 National Hurling League, Division 1\nOn 18 May 1952, Tipperary won the title after a 6-14 to 2-5 win over New York in the final. It was their 4th league title overall and their first since 1949-50.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069295-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Nationalliga A, Overview\nIt was contested by 14 teams, and Grasshopper Club Z\u00fcrich won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 32], "content_span": [33, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069296-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Nationalliga A season\nThe 1951\u201352 Nationalliga A season was the 14th season of the Nationalliga A, the top level of ice hockey in Switzerland. Eight teams participated in the league, and EHC Arosa won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069297-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Netherlands Football League Championship\nThe Netherlands Football League Championship 1951\u20131952 was contested by 56 teams participating in four divisions. The national champion would be determined by a play-off featuring the winners of each division of the Netherlands. Willem II won this year's championship by beating Hermes DVS, HFC Haarlem and AFC Ajax.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069297-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Netherlands Football League Championship, New entrants\nThis season, there was one division less than in the last one. This meant that the team had to be reassigned. Eerste Klasse A:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 62], "content_span": [63, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069297-0002-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Netherlands Football League Championship, Divisions, Eerste Klasse B\nAchilles 1894 beat Oosterparkers in the play-off to avoid relegation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 76], "content_span": [77, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069297-0003-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Netherlands Football League Championship, Divisions, Eerste Klasse D\nHermes DVS beat Sparta Rotterdam in the play-off to qualify for the Championship play-off.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 76], "content_span": [77, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069298-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 New York Knicks season\nThe 1951\u201352 New York Knicks season was the sixth season for the team in the National Basketball Association (NBA). The Knicks finished third in the Eastern Division with a 37\u201329 record, and advanced to the NBA Playoffs for the sixth consecutive season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069298-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 New York Knicks season\nIn the first round of the Eastern Division playoffs, the Knicks defeated the Boston Celtics in a best-of-three series, two games to one, to move on to the Eastern Division Finals. New York won 3\u20131 in a best-of-five series with the Syracuse Nationals to reach its second straight NBA Finals. In the Finals, the Knicks lost to the Minneapolis Lakers in seven games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069298-0002-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 New York Knicks season, NBA draft\nNote: This is not an extensive list; it only covers the first and second rounds, and any other players picked by the franchise that played at least one game in the league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069299-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 New York Rangers season\nThe 1951\u201352 New York Rangers season was the 26th season for the team in the National Hockey League (NHL). The Rangers compiled a 23\u201334\u201313 record during the regular season, and finished with 59 points. Their fifth-place finish caused them to miss the NHL playoffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069299-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 New York Rangers season, Playoffs\nThe Rangers failed to qualify for the 1952 Stanley Cup playoffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 41], "content_span": [42, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069299-0002-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 New York Rangers season, Player statistics\n\u2020Denotes player spent time with another team before joining Rangers. Stats reflect time with Rangers only. \u2021Traded mid-season. Stats reflect time with Rangers only.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 50], "content_span": [51, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069300-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Newport County A.F.C. season\nThe 1951\u201352 season was Newport County's fifth consecutive season in the Third Division South since relegation from the Second Division at the end of the 1946\u201347 season. It was the club's 23rd season in the third tier and 24th season overall in the Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069301-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Northern Football League\nThe 1951\u201352 Northern Football League season was the 54th in the history of the Northern Football League, a football competition in Northern England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069301-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Northern Football League, Clubs\nThe league featured 14 clubs which competed in the last season, no new clubs joined the league this season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 39], "content_span": [40, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069302-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Northern Rugby Football League season\nThe 1951\u201352 Rugby Football League season was the 57th season of rugby league football.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069302-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Northern Rugby Football League season, Season summary\nWigan won their eighth Championship when they beat Bradford Northern 13-6 in the play-off final. Bradford had ended the regular season as the league leaders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 61], "content_span": [62, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069302-0002-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Northern Rugby Football League season, Season summary\nThe Challenge Cup Winners were Workington Town who beat Featherstone Rovers 18-10 in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 61], "content_span": [62, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069302-0003-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Northern Rugby Football League season, Season summary\nLiverpool Stanley was renamed Liverpool City, and Cardiff, and Doncaster joined the league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 61], "content_span": [62, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069302-0004-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Northern Rugby Football League season, Season summary\nWigan won the Lancashire League, and Huddersfield won the Yorkshire League. Wigan beat Leigh 14\u20136 to win the Lancashire Cup, and Wakefield Trinity beat Keighley 17\u20133 to win the Yorkshire Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 61], "content_span": [62, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069302-0005-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Northern Rugby Football League season, Championship\nSource: . League points: for win = 2; for draw = 1; for loss = 0. Pld = Games played; W = Wins; D = Draws; L = Losses;  Pts = League points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 59], "content_span": [60, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069302-0006-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Northern Rugby Football League season, Challenge Cup\nWorkington Town beat Featherstone Rovers 18-10 in the Challenge Cup Final played at Wembley Stadium on Saturday 19 April 1952 in front of a crowd of 72,093. Workington full-back and captain-coach Gus Risman became the oldest player to appear in a Cup final at age 41. Three Australians, Tony Paskins, John Mudge and Bevan Wilson came up with decisive plays to help relative newcomers Workington to victory. It was the club's first Cup Final win in their first Final appearance. Billy Ivison, Workington Town's loose forward, was awarded the Lance Todd Trophy for man-of-the-match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 60], "content_span": [61, 641]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069302-0007-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Northern Rugby Football League season, European Championship\nThis was the twelfth competition and was won for the fourth time by France on points difference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 68], "content_span": [69, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069303-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Norwegian 1. Divisjon season\nThe 1951\u201352 Norwegian 1. Divisjon season was the 13th season of ice hockey in Norway. Eight teams participated in the league, and Furuset IF won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069304-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Norwegian Main League\nThe 1951\u20131952 Hovedserien was the 8th completed season of top division football in Norway.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069304-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Norwegian Main League, Overview\nIt was contested by 16 teams, and Fredrikstad FK won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069305-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 OB I bajnoksag season\nThe 1951\u201352 OB I bajnoks\u00e1g season was the 15th season of the OB I bajnoks\u00e1g, the top level of ice hockey in Hungary. Six teams participated in the league, and Voros Meteor Budapest won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069306-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Oberliga\nThe 1951\u201352 Oberliga  was the seventh season of the Oberliga, the first tier of the football league system in West Germany and the Saar Protectorate. The league operated in five regional divisions, Berlin, North, South, Southwest and West. The five league champions and the runners-up from the south, north and west then entered the 1952 German football championship which was won by VfB Stuttgart. It was VfB Stuttgart's second national championship, having previously won it in 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 502]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069306-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Oberliga\nThe 1951\u201352 season saw the return of the clubs from the Saar Protectorate to the West German league system which had left in 1948, 1. FC Saarbr\u00fccken and Borussia Neunkirchen rejoining the Oberliga S\u00fcdwest. Eventually, on 1 January 1957, the Saar Protectorate would officially join West Germany, ending the post-Second World War political separation of the territory from the other parts of Germany.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069306-0002-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Oberliga\nA similar-named league, the DDR-Oberliga, existed in East Germany, set at the first tier of the East German football league system. The 1951\u201352 DDR-Oberliga was won by Turbine Halle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069306-0003-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Oberliga, Oberliga Nord\nThe 1951\u201352 season saw two new clubs in the league, Victoria Hamburg and L\u00fcneburger SK, both promoted from the Amateurliga. The league's top scorer was Ernst-Otto Meyer of VfL Osnabr\u00fcck with 29 goals, the highest total for the five Oberligas in 1951\u201352.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 31], "content_span": [32, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069306-0004-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Oberliga, Oberliga Berlin\nThe 1951\u201352 season saw two new clubs in the league, BFC Nordstern and VfL Nord Berlin, both promoted from the Amateurliga Berlin. The league's top scorer was Horst Schmutzler of Tennis Borussia Berlin with 25 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 33], "content_span": [34, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069306-0005-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Oberliga, Oberliga West\nThe 1951\u201352 season saw three new clubs in the league, Meidericher SV, Bayer Leverkusen and Schwarz-Wei\u00df Essen, all promoted from the 2. Oberliga West. The league's top scorer was Karl Hetzel of Meidericher SV with 25 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 31], "content_span": [32, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069306-0006-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Oberliga, Oberliga S\u00fcdwest\nThe 1951\u201352 season saw four new clubs in the league, VfR Frankenthal and SpVgg Weisenau promoted from the Amateurliga, while 1. FC Saarbr\u00fccken and Borussia Neunkirchen joined from the Ehrenliga Saarland. The league's top scorer was Gerhard Siedl of Borussia Neunkirchen with 27 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 34], "content_span": [35, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069306-0007-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Oberliga, Oberliga S\u00fcd\nThe 1951\u201352 season saw two new clubs in the league, Viktoria Aschaffenburg and Stuttgarter Kickers, both promoted from the 2. Oberliga S\u00fcd. The league's top scorers were Max Morlock (1. FC N\u00fcrnberg) and Helmut Preisend\u00f6rfer (Kickers Offenbach) with 26 goals each.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 30], "content_span": [31, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069306-0008-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Oberliga, German championship\nThe 1952 German football championship was contested by the eight qualified Oberliga teams and won by VfB Stuttgart, defeating 1. FC Saarbr\u00fccken in the final. The eight clubs played a home-and-away round of matches in two groups of four. The two group winners then advanced to the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 37], "content_span": [38, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069307-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Oberliga (ice hockey) season\nThe 1951-52 Oberliga season was the fourth season of the Oberliga, the top level of ice hockey in Germany. Eight teams participated in the league, and Krefelder EV won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069308-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Panhellenic Championship\nThe 1951\u201352 Panhellenic Championship was not held, due to increased obligations of the Greek national team to qualify and participate in the Olympic Games, the Mediterranean Games but also for the Mediterranean Cup. Only the Athenian, Piraeus' and Macedonian championships were held, in which Panathinaikos, Olympiacos and Iraklis, respectively finished first.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069309-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Philadelphia Warriors season\nThe 1951\u201352 NBA season was the Warriors' 6th season in the NBA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069310-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Polska Liga Hokejowa season\nThe 1951\u201352 Polska Liga Hokejowa season was the 17th season of the Polska Liga Hokejowa, the top level of ice hockey in Poland. Eight teams participated in the league, and Legia Warszawa won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069311-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Port Vale F.C. season\nThe 1951\u201352 season was Port Vale's 40th season of football in the English Football League, and their seventh full season in the Third Division South. Manager Ivor Powell did not last long, and was replaced by Freddie Steele in December. Steele would later prove to be one of the club's greatest and longest serving managers. He started early, taking a club bottom of the league at Christmas to a thirteenth-place finish. He achieved this without making any major signings, rather he managed the players he had in a better way than Powell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069311-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Port Vale F.C. season\nFrom 9 February until 8 September the following season the club racked up a club record streak of twelve consecutive home wins.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069311-0002-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Third Division South\nThe pre-season saw 578 seats installed on the Railway Terrace, bringing the seated capacity of Vale Park to 1,010. No signings of note were made, however transfer-listed Cliff Pinchbeck failed to turn up for pre-season training, citing illness.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 61], "content_span": [62, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069311-0003-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Third Division South\nThirty seconds into their opening game with Reading and they were behind, the Vale went on to lose 2\u20130. A six-game unbeaten streak followed, with just three goals conceded, though only five goals were scored. On his return to Burslem, Pinchbeck scored a brace to salvage a point against Bournemouth & Boscombe Athletic. Vale then sold Alan Martin to rivals Stoke City for \u00a310,000 and Albert Mullard, the money going towards fixing the drainage problem at Vale Park. The sale was criticized by supporters, though they soon warmed to Mullard, who went on to become the club's top-scorer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 61], "content_span": [62, 647]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069311-0003-0001", "contents": "1951\u201352 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Third Division South\nThe club failed to sign transfer target Dennis Wilshaw from Wolverhampton Wanderers, and Garth Butler was forced to retire with a knee injury. Results turned against the team, as they went on a run of thirteen games without a win, though all five of the home games on the 'wide open' Vale Park pitch were draws (all eight away matches were losses). Manager Ivor Powell attempted to sign players, but was deterred by the high transfer prices, and so instead continually reshuffled the first eleven. Powell's contract was terminated on 22 November, his team bottom of the table.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 61], "content_span": [62, 638]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069311-0003-0002", "contents": "1951\u201352 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Third Division South\nTrainer Ken Fish took temporary charge of first team affairs. Roy Sproson and Ray King would later say the sacking came as no surprise, saying Powell 'ruled by fear', 'used to treat the players like kids' and it was a 'complete relief' to find him dismissed. Pinchbeck was also offloaded, sold to Northampton Town for 'an undisclosed sum'.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 61], "content_span": [62, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069311-0004-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Third Division South\nOn 8 December, Vale recorded a surprise 4\u20131 win over Aldershot. Yet the side then went another eight games without a win. Freddie Steele was appointed player-manager on Christmas Eve, signing the former England international meant Vale had to pay Mansfield Town a four-figure fee. The former Stoke City forward was still very much a goalscorer, having described his record of 44 goals in 66 games for the \"Stags\" as \"not bad for an old man!\". In January, half-back Norman Hallam returned to the club.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 61], "content_span": [62, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069311-0004-0001", "contents": "1951\u201352 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Third Division South\nOn 12 January, 17,860 turned up to witness a 1\u20131 draw in Steele's debut against second-placed Brighton & Hove Albion, the first of a five match unbeaten run that took Vale off the foot of the table. A fortnight later Vale travelled to Plainmoor, where Steele took the ball from his own half to score the winner past Torquay United. On 9 February, Vale beat Gillingham 1\u20130, in what was the first of a club record thirteen game winning run at home.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 61], "content_span": [62, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069311-0005-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Third Division South\nA 5\u20131 hammering at Elm Park from Reading failed to prevent the Vale from going on to another eight game unbeaten run. Steele accomplished this without any new signings, in fact he sold Walter Aveyard to Accrington Stanley for a four-figure fee in April. Their run ended with a 3\u20130 defeat at Fellows Park to bottom-placed Walsall. Vale finished their final five games with three wins.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 61], "content_span": [62, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069311-0006-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Third Division South\nThey finished thirteenth with 43 points, with a strong defence but the lowest goals scored tally in the division. They had lost just the one game at Vale Park, back on the opening day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 61], "content_span": [62, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069311-0007-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Finances\nOn the financial side, a profit of \u00a34,403 was announced by the club, due to a profit on transfers of \u00a316,750. Gross receipts had fallen to \u00a327,133, whilst wages had risen by \u00a33,500 to \u00a323,511. Steele seemed to be happy with the players he inherited, as he retained 31 professionals, the only departures being George Heppell to Witton Albion, Stan Palk to Worcester City, and Lol Hamlett to Congleton Town.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 49], "content_span": [50, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069311-0008-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Cup competitions\nIn the FA Cup, Vale fell at the first hurdle to Colchester United at Layer Road, losing 3\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069312-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Primeira Divis\u00e3o, Overview\nIt was contested by 14 teams, and Sporting Clube de Portugal won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069313-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Princeton Tigers men's basketball team\nThe 1951\u201352 Princeton Tigers men's basketball team represented Princeton University in intercollegiate college basketball during the 1951\u201352 NCAA men's basketball season. The head coach was Franklin Cappon and the team captain was L. Charles DeVoe. The team played its home games in the Dillon Gymnasium on the university campus in Princeton, New Jersey. The team was the winner of the Eastern Intercollegiate Basketball League (EIBL).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069313-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Princeton Tigers men's basketball team\nThe team posted a 16\u201311 overall record and a 10\u20132 conference record. During the season, after winning the first three games the team lost six in a row and eight of ten before winning eleven consecutive games. The team then lost the conference finale against Penn Quakers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069313-0001-0001", "contents": "1951\u201352 Princeton Tigers men's basketball team\nThe team earned an invitation to the sixteen-team 1952 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament, where it lost to the Duquesne Dukes by a 60\u201349 margin on March 21, 1952, at the Chicago Stadium in the first round and then subsequently lost to the Dayton Flyers by a 77\u201361 margin the next night in a consolation game. This was Princeton's first invitation to the NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069314-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Rangers F.C. season\nThe 1951\u201352 season was the 72nd season of competitive football by Rangers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069314-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Rangers F.C. season, Overview\nRangers played a total of 45 competitive matches during the 1951\u201352 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069315-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Ranji Trophy\nThe 1951\u201352 Ranji Trophy was the 18th season of the Ranji Trophy. Bombay won the title defeating Holkar in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069316-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Real Madrid CF season\nThe 1951\u201352 season was Real Madrid Club de F\u00fatbol's 49th season in existence and the club's 20st consecutive season in the top flight of Spanish football.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069316-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Real Madrid CF season, Summary\nDuring summer, President Santiago Bernab\u00e9u closed the arrivals of Zarraga forwards Jose\u00edto reinforcing the offensive line and Uruguayan head coach Hector Scarone. On 30 March 1952 the team played a friendly match against Colombian side Millonarios marked the debut of Argentine striker Alfredo Di St\u00e9fano in front of Madrid fans and President Santiago Bernab\u00e9u started negotiations for his transfer to the club. The squad reached a decent third place five points below Champions CF Barcelona.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069316-0002-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Real Madrid CF season, Summary\nDuring June, the squad reached 1952 Copa del General\u00edsimo semi-finals being defeated after two matches by Valencia CF with a global score of 2\u20133. Pahi\u00f1o clinched the first spot on top scorers of La Liga with 28 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069316-0003-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Real Madrid CF season, Squad\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 36], "content_span": [37, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069317-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Rochdale A.F.C. season\nThe 1951\u201352 season saw Rochdale compete for their 24th season in the Football League Third Division North.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069318-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Rochester Royals season\nThe 1951\u201352 NBA season was the Royals fourth season in the NBA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 95]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069319-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Romanian Hockey League season\nThe 1951\u201352 Romanian Hockey League season was the 22nd season of the Romanian Hockey League. Nine teams participated in the league, and Avantul Miercurea Ciuc won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069320-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Rugby Union County Championship\nThe 1951\u201352 Rugby Union County Championship was the 52nd edition of England's premier rugby union club competition at the time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069320-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Rugby Union County Championship\nMiddlesex won the competition for the second time after defeating Lancashire in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069321-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 SK Rapid Wien season\nThe 1951\u201352 SK Rapid Wien season was the 54th season in club history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069322-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 SM-sarja season\nThe 1951\u201352 SM-sarja season was the 21st season of the SM-sarja, the top level of ice hockey in Finland. 10 teams participated in the league, and Ilves Tampere won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069323-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Santa Clara Broncos men's basketball team\nThe 1951\u201352 Santa Clara Broncos men's basketball team represented Santa Clara University as an Independent during the 1951\u201352 NCAA men's basketball season. They finished the season with a 17\u201312 record and made the NCAA Tournament Final Four for the first time school history. They were led by second-year head coach Bob Feerick.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069323-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Santa Clara Broncos men's basketball team\nComing into the 1951\u201352 season off of a 9\u201315 record the year before, the Broncos remained under the radar. Even during the 1952 Final Four season they were inconsistent: through the first 14 games the Broncos went 7\u20137, including a three-game losing streak. They found their rhythm on February 1 against San Francisco State. The Broncos' 67\u201351 victory began a streak in which Santa Clara won eight of their final 11 games, capped by an improbable deep NCAA Tournament run. In the NCAA West Regional they won their opening match against UCLA, 68\u201359. The next day, the Broncos topped Wyoming, 56\u201353, to advance to the national semifinals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 685]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069323-0002-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Santa Clara Broncos men's basketball team\nSanta Clara would go on to lose to Kansas in the Final Four by a score of 55\u201374. They then lost again in the third place game, falling 64\u201367 to Illinois, ending the NCAA Tournament in fourth place \u2013 Santa Clara's best ever finish.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069324-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Scottish Cup\nThe 1951\u201352 Scottish Cup was the 67th staging of Scotland's most prestigious football knockout competition. The Cup was won by Motherwell who defeated Dundee in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069325-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Scottish Districts season\nThe 1951\u201352 Scottish Districts season is a record of all the rugby union matches for Scotland's district teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069326-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Scottish Division A\nThe 1951\u201352 Scottish Division A was won by Hibernian by four points over nearest rival Rangers. Greenock Morton and Stirling Albion finished 15th and 16th respectively and were relegated to the 1952\u201353 Scottish Division B.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069327-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Scottish Division B\nThe 1951\u201352 Scottish Division B was won by Clyde who, along with second placed Falkirk, were promoted to Division A. Arbroath finished bottom.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069329-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Scottish League Cup\nThe 1951\u201352 Scottish League Cup was the sixth season of Scotland's second football knockout competition. The competition was won by Dundee, who defeated Rangers in the Final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069330-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Scottish National League season\nThe 1951-52 Scottish National League season was the 14th season of the Scottish National League, the top level of ice hockey in Scotland at the time. Seven teams participated in the league, and the Ayr Raiders won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069331-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Seattle Chieftains men's basketball team\nThe 1951\u201352 Seattle Chieftains men's basketball team (now known as Redhawks) represented Seattle University.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069331-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Seattle Chieftains men's basketball team, Harlem Globetrotters\nOn January 21, 1952, the Harlem Globetrotters played Seattle in a game designed to raise funds for the United States Olympic efforts. Five days before the game was held, Royal Brougham received a call from Howard Hobson, who was the Yale basketball coach and a United States Olympic Committee member. It was reported that money was needed to support the country's Olympic effort for the games held in Helsinki, Finland. The Globetrotters had agreed to a three-game fund-raiser against college teams in the West, Midwest and East.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 70], "content_span": [71, 600]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069331-0002-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Seattle Chieftains men's basketball team, Harlem Globetrotters\nTickets cost $1.50 and they were sold out in 48 hours. Jazz great Louis Armstrong played at halftime and actress Joan Caulfield performed a ceremonial opening tip off. The game was played at the University of Washington's Hec Edmondson Pavilion and was filled to its 12,500 capacity.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 70], "content_span": [71, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069331-0003-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Seattle Chieftains men's basketball team, Harlem Globetrotters\nThe Globetrotters were considered the best basketball team in the world and the club paid their two star players \"Goose\" Tatum and Marques Hayes twenty five thousand dollars each. Entering the game with Seattle, the Globetrotters had played 3571 games winning 93 percent of their contests.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 70], "content_span": [71, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069331-0004-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Seattle Chieftains men's basketball team, Harlem Globetrotters\nSeattle player Johnny O'Brien was the nation's leading scorer at that time. O'Brien would become the first player in the history of college basketball to score 1000 points in a single season. He would finish the season with 1,051 points. Against the Globetrotters, O'Brien poured in 43 points. Johnny's brother Eddie  played point guard for Chieftains and his half court shot lifted the club to a 10-point lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 70], "content_span": [71, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069331-0005-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Seattle Chieftains men's basketball team, Harlem Globetrotters\nAfter halftime, the Globetrotters got back in the game as Johnny O'Brien sat out most of the third quarter. With seconds left in the game, the Globetrotters called a time out they did not have. A free throw was made by Johnny O'Brien and there was a possession change. The Chieftains were ahead 84-81. Globetrotter owner Abe Saperstein was so upset that he canceled the rest of the Trotters benefit schedule that year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 70], "content_span": [71, 489]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069332-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n\nThe 1951\u201352 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n season was the 21st since its establishment and was played between 8 September 1951 and 13 April 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069332-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n, Overview before the season\n32 teams joined the league, including 4 relegated from the 1950\u201351 La Liga and 4 promoted from the 1950\u201351 Tercera Divisi\u00f3n.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069333-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Serie A, Events\nFIGC decided to restore the original 18-clubs format, so a special relegation would have been necessary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 23], "content_span": [24, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069333-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Serie A, Relegation tie-breaker\nThe 3 last-placed teams in Serie A were guaranteed relegation. However, due to a tie for 17th place between Lucchese and Triestina, the teams had to play a tie-breaker to determine which team would be relegated and which team qualified for the playoff.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 39], "content_span": [40, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069333-0002-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Serie A, Relegation tie-breaker\nLucchese was relegated and Triestina qualified for the playoff game against Brescia, Serie B's 2nd-placed team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 39], "content_span": [40, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069333-0003-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Serie A, Serie A qualification play-off\nSince it was decided to reduce the number of Serie A teams from 20 to 18 for the 1952-1953 season, only the top 16 teams in Serie A were guaranteed to remain there the following season, and only the first-placed team in Serie B was guaranteed a direct promotion to Serie A. The 18th team would be decided in a one-game playoff between the 17th-placed team in Serie A and the 2nd-placed team in Serie B.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 47], "content_span": [48, 450]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069333-0004-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Serie A, Serie A qualification play-off\nTriestina maintained its place in Serie A.  Lucchese, Padova and Legnano were relegated while only Roma, the Serie B champion, was promoted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 47], "content_span": [48, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069334-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Serie A (ice hockey) season\nThe 1951\u201352 Serie A season was the 19th season of the Serie A, the top level of ice hockey in Italy. Six teams participated in the league, and HC Milan Inter won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069335-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Serie B\nThe Serie B 1951\u201352 was the twentieth tournament of this competition played in Italy since its creation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069335-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Serie B, Teams\nMonza, Valdagno, Piombino and Stabia had been promoted from Serie C, while Roma and Genoa had been relegated from Serie A.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 22], "content_span": [23, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069335-0002-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Serie B, Events\nA provisional fifth relegation was added to reduce the league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 23], "content_span": [24, 86]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069335-0003-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Serie B, Events\nFIGC\u2019s President Ottorino Barassi imposed a playoff between the second club in B and the seventeenth in A to reduce the Serie A.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 23], "content_span": [24, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069335-0004-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Serie B, Serie A qualification play-off\nSince it was decided to reduce the number of Serie A teams from 20 to 18 for the 1952-1953 season, only the top 16 teams in Serie A were guaranteed to remain there the following season, and only the first-placed team in Serie B was guaranteed a direct promotion to Serie A. The 18th team would be decided in a one-game playoff between the 17th-placed team in Serie A and the 2nd-placed team in Serie B.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 47], "content_span": [48, 450]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069335-0005-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Serie B, Serie A qualification play-off\nThe 3 last-placed teams in Serie A were guaranteed relegation. However, due to a tie for 17th place between Lucchese and Triestina, the teams had to play a two-legged tie-breaking series to determine which team would be relegated and which team qualified for the playoff.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 47], "content_span": [48, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069336-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Serie C\nThe 1951\u201352 Serie C was the fourteenth edition of Serie C, the third highest league in the Italian football league system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069336-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Serie C\nFIGC reduced the number of teams to form only one girone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 73]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069337-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Sheffield Shield season\nThe 1951\u201352 Sheffield Shield season was the 50th season of the Sheffield Shield, the domestic first-class cricket competition of Australia. New South Wales won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069338-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 South Africa rugby union tour of Europe\nIn 1951-52 the South Africa national rugby union team toured England, France, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales, playing a series of test matches, as well as games against club, regional, and representative teams. South Africa accomplished their third Grand Slam by winning all four tests against the Home Nations sides, and also won the test match against France. This was the sixth South Africa tour and the fourth tour of the Northern Hemisphere. It was also the first time the South Africans played the invitational British Barbarian team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 586]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069338-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 South Africa rugby union tour of Europe\nThe tour was the most successful the South African team had undertaken; the team only lost a single match. In the tests played the team beat all four Home Nations, France and the Barbarians. The only team to beat the Springboks was the invitational London Counties team. The final tour record saw 31 matches played, with South Africa winning 30 and losing just the one game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069338-0002-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 South Africa rugby union tour of Europe, The matches, Cardiff\nCardiff: Frank Trott, Haydn Morris, Bleddyn Williams, Jack Matthews (capt. ), Alun Thomas, Cliff Morgan, Rex Willis, Arthur Hull, Geoff Beckingham, Cliff Davies, Bill Tamplin, Malcolm Collins, Sid Judd, Des O'Brien, CD Williams", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 69], "content_span": [70, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069338-0003-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 South Africa rugby union tour of Europe, The matches, Cardiff\nSouth Africa: JU Buchler, MJ Saunders, MT Lategan, RA van Schoor, JK Ochse, JD Brewis, JS Oelofse, HJ Bekker, PW Wessels, AC Kosh, SP Fry, WHM Barnard, E Dinkelmann, CJ van Wyk, HSV Muller", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 69], "content_span": [70, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069338-0004-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 South Africa rugby union tour of Europe, The matches, Scotland\nScotland: Dod Burrell, John Hart, Donald Scott, Oliver Turnbull, David Rose, Angus Cameron (capt), Arthur Dorward, Hamish Dawson, John Macphail, Bob Wilson, James Johnston, Hamish Inglis, Doug Elliot, Robert Taylor, Peter Kininmonth", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 70], "content_span": [71, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069338-0005-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 South Africa rugby union tour of Europe, The matches, Scotland\nSouth Africa: Johnny Buchler, Buks Marais, Tjol Lategan, Ryk van Schoor, Paul Johnstone, Hannes Brewis, Fonnie du Toit, Chris Koch, Willa Delport, Okey Geffin, Salty du Rand, Ernst Dinkelmann, Basie van Wyk, Stephen Fry, Hennie Muller (capt)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 70], "content_span": [71, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069338-0006-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 South Africa rugby union tour of Europe, The matches, Ireland\nIreland: John Murphy, William McKee, Noel Henderson, Antony Browne, Mick Lane, Jackie Kyle, John O'Meara, Tom Clifford, Karl Mullen, John Hartley Smith, Patrick Lawlor, Robin Thompson, Bill McKay, Jim McCarthy, Des O'Brien (capt)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 69], "content_span": [70, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069338-0007-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 South Africa rugby union tour of Europe, The matches, Ireland\nSouth Africa: JU Buchler, PG Johnstone, RA van Schoor, MT Lategan, JK Ochse, JD Brewis, E Dinkelmann, A Geffin, WH Delport, AC Kosh, SP Fry, WHM Barnard, JD du Rand, CJ van Wyk, HSV Muller", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 69], "content_span": [70, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069338-0008-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 South Africa rugby union tour of Europe, The matches, Wales\nWales: Gerwyn Williams (Llanelli), Ken Jones (Newport), Malcolm Thomas (Newport), Bleddyn Williams (Cardiff), Lewis Jones (Llanelli), Cliff Morgan (Cardiff), Rex Willis (Cardiff), Billy Williams (Swansea), Dai Davies (Somerset Police), Don Hayward (Newbridge), Rees Stephens (Neath), Roy John (Neath), Len Blyth (Swansea), John Gwilliam (Edinburgh Wanderers) (capt. ), Allen Forward (Pontypool)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 67], "content_span": [68, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069338-0009-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 South Africa rugby union tour of Europe, The matches, Wales\nSouth Africa: JU Buchler, PG Johnstone, RA van Schoor, MT Lategan, JK Ochse, JD Brewis, PA du Toit, A Geffin, WH Delport, AC Kosh, SP Fry, WHM Barnard, JD du Rand, CJ van Wyk, HSV Muller", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 67], "content_span": [68, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069338-0010-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 South Africa rugby union tour of Europe, The matches, England\nEngland: William Hook, Ted Woodward, Albert Agar, Lewis Cannell, Chris Winn, Nim Hall (capt), Gordon Rimmer, Wally Holmes, Eric Evans, Bob Stirling, John Matthews, Squire Wilkins, Don White, Alec Lewis, John Kendall-Carpenter", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 69], "content_span": [70, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069338-0011-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 South Africa rugby union tour of Europe, The matches, England\nSouth Africa: Johnny Buchler, Paul Johnstone, Tjol Lategan, Ryk van Schoor, Chum Ochse, Hannes Brewis, Fonnie du Toit, Chris Koch, Willa Delport, Jaap Bekker, Salty du Rand, Ernst Dinkelmann, Basie van Wyk, Stephen Fry, Hennie Muller (capt)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 69], "content_span": [70, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069338-0012-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 South Africa rugby union tour of Europe, The matches, Barbarians\nBarbarians: Gerwyn Williams (Llanelli), Ken Jones (Newport), Bleddyn Williams (Cardiff), LB Cannell (St. Mary's Hospital), Ted Woodward (Wasps), Cliff Morgan (Cardiff), Rex Willis (Cardiff), John Kendall-Carpenter (Penzance), Dai Davies (Somerset Police), RV Stirling (RAF), Rees Stephens (Neath), Roy John (Neath), Doug Elliot (Edinburgh Academicals), JE Nelson (Malone) (capt. ), VG Roberts(Harlequins)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 72], "content_span": [73, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069338-0013-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 South Africa rugby union tour of Europe, The matches, Barbarians\nSouth Africa: AC Keevy, PG Johnstone, RA van Schoor, FP Marais, JK Ochse, MT Lategan, PA du Toit, HJ Bekker, WH Delport, FEB van der Ryst, SP Fry, E Dinkelmann, JM du Rand, CJ van Wyk, HSV Muller", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 72], "content_span": [73, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069338-0014-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 South Africa rugby union tour of Europe, The matches, France\nFrance: Pierre Guilleux, Georges Brun, Jacques Mauran, Maurice Prat, Jean Colombier, Georges Carabignac, Gerard Dufau, Rene Bienes, Paul Labadie, Rene Brejassou, Lucien Mias, Bernard Chevallier, Jean Prat, Jean-Roger Bourdeu, Guy Basquet (capt)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 68], "content_span": [69, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069339-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Southern Football League\nThe 1951\u201352 Southern Football League season was the 49th in the history of the league, an English football competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069339-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Southern Football League\nAt the end of the previous season Torquay United resigned their second team from the league. No new clubs had joined the league for this season so the league consisted of 22 remaining clubs. Merthyr Tydfil were champions for the third season in a row, winning their fourth Southern League title. Five Southern League clubs applied to join the Football League at the end of the season, but none were successful.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069339-0002-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Southern Football League, Football League elections\nFive Southern League clubs applied for election to the Football League. However, none were successful as all four League clubs were re-elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 59], "content_span": [60, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069340-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Soviet Cup (ice hockey)\nThe 1951\u201352 Soviet Cup was the second edition of the Soviet Cup ice hockey tournament. In total, 27 teams participated in the tournament, which was won by VVS MVO Moscow.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069340-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Soviet Cup (ice hockey), Tournament, Final\n(* The game was annulled and the replayed game was won 3-2 by VEF Riga. * * The game was not contested due to one of the teams not participating.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 50], "content_span": [51, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069341-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Soviet League season\nThe 1951\u201352 Soviet Championship League season was the sixth season of the Soviet Championship League, the top level of ice hockey in the Soviet Union. 12 teams participated in the league, and VVS MVO Moscow won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069342-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Spartan League\nThe 1951\u201352 Spartan League season was the 34th in the history of Spartan League. The league consisted of 14 teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069342-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Spartan League, League table\nThe division featured 14 teams, 8 from last season and 6 new teams:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 36], "content_span": [37, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069343-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 St. Francis Terriers men's basketball team\nThe 1951\u20131952 St. Francis Terriers men's basketball team represented St. Francis College during the 1951\u201352 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team was coached by Daniel Lynch, who was in his fourth year at the helm of the St. Francis Terriers. The team was a member of the Metropolitan New York Conference. The Terriers played their home games at the Bulter Street Gymnasium in their Cobble Hill, Brooklyn campus and at the II Corps Artillery Armory in Park Slope, Brooklyn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 536]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069343-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 St. Francis Terriers men's basketball team\nOn February 2, 1952, against Seton Hall, the Terriers played in the first quadruple overtime game in New York City history, both collegiate and professional. The Terriers triumphed 82\u201370.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069343-0002-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 St. Francis Terriers men's basketball team, National Catholic Invitation Tournament\nSt. Francis, the defending champions was selected as the 4th seed in the NCIT. The tournament took place at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Field House in Troy, New York, from March 15 to March 22.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 91], "content_span": [92, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069344-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 St. John's Redmen basketball team\nThe 1951\u201352 St. John's Redmen basketball team represented St. John's University during the 1951\u201352 NCAA men's basketball season. The team was coached by Frank McGuire in his fifth year at the school. St. John's home games are played at DeGray Gymnasium in Brooklyn, New York and Madison Square Garden and the team is a member of the Metropolitan New York Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069345-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Stoke City F.C. season\nThe 1951\u201352 season was Stoke City's 45th season in the Football League and the 31st in the First Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069345-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Stoke City F.C. season\nStoke made a truly awful start to the 1951\u201352 season claiming just a single point from the first eleven matches. Results slowly started to improve and back to back home wins in the final two matches saw Stoke survive relegation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069345-0002-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Stoke City F.C. season, Season review, League\nIn the summer of 1951 there was a major change at boardroom level at Stoke as chairman Mr H. Booth stepped down after 15 years and Mr T. Preece took over in temporary charge. Stoke suffered an opening day mauling at Newcastle United losing 6\u20130 and it set the tone for a woeful start to the season as they took just two points from the first 22 on offer, finding themselves firmly bedded at the foot of the division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069345-0002-0001", "contents": "1951\u201352 Stoke City F.C. season, Season review, League\nMcGrory went out and spent \u00a345,000 on three new players to arrest the decline, he exchanged Albert Mullard plus \u00a310,000 for Alan Martin another \u00a310,000 for Billy McIntosh and again smashed the club's transfer record with the purchase of Northern Irish striker Sammy Smyth for a fee of \u00a325,000. Smyth certainly had the desired impact scoring 12 goals becoming top scorer for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069345-0003-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Stoke City F.C. season, Season review, League\nAfter these arrivals Stoke's form improved and with five straight wins Stoke caught up with the rest of the division however four defeats later they found themselves unable to pull away from a relegation fight. A cruel 5\u20134 defeat at home to Newcastle did not help, but Stoke somehow managed to take the fight to the final two matches of the season. Stoke had the worst goal average in the division but with both Fulham and Huddersfield Town in terrible form Stoke knew that two more wins would see them safe and that's what they managed leaving them three points clear of Huddersfield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 639]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069345-0004-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Stoke City F.C. season, Season review, League\nOne interesting scoreline this season came in the League match at Villa Park on 16 February 1952. Aston Villa were on the fringe of forcing themselves in the title race but they came unstuck against a determined Stoke side and lost 3\u20132. On the scoresheet for the \"Potters\" was their goalkeeper Dennis Herod who had broken his arm earlier during the match and so swapped positions with left winger Sammy Smyth and went on to score the winning goal five minutes after half time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069345-0005-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Stoke City F.C. season, Season review, FA Cup\nAfter a good win over Sunderland in the third round Stoke were humbled by Third Division South side Swindon Town in a replay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069346-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Sussex County Football League\nThe 1951\u201352 Sussex County Football League season was the 27th in the history of the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069346-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Sussex County Football League, Clubs\nThe league featured 15 clubs, 13 which competed in the last season, along with two new clubs:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 44], "content_span": [45, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069347-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Svenska m\u00e4sterskapet (men's handball)\nThe 1950\u201351 Svenska m\u00e4sterskapet was the 21st and final season of Svenska m\u00e4sterskapet, a tournament held to determine the Swedish Champions of men's handball. Starting in the following season, the title of Swedish Champions would be awarded to the winners of Allsvenskan. The tournament was contested by all Allsvenskan teams and all District Champions, along with invited teams from Division II. 32 teams competed in the tournament. AIK were the defending champions, but were defeated by IFK Kristianstad in the final. IFK Kristianstad won their third title. The final was played in Sporthallen in Kristianstad and was watched by 1,272 spectators.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 695]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069347-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Svenska m\u00e4sterskapet (men's handball), Champions\nThe following players for IFK Kristianstad received a winner's medal: Pelle Svensson, Carl Fridlundh (5 goals in the final), Carl-Erik Stockenberg (2), Bertil R\u00f6nndahl (1), Evert Sjunnesson (1), Erik Nordstr\u00f6m (2), \u00c5ke Moberg (4), Ingvar Svensson (1), \u00c5ke Skough and Uno Kvist.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 56], "content_span": [57, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069348-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Swedish Division I season\nThe 1951\u201352 Swedish Division I season was the eighth season of Swedish Division I. Sodertalje SK defeated Gavle GIK in the league final, 2 games to none.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069349-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Swedish football Division 2\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Frietjes (talk | contribs) at 18:08, 16 February 2020 (expand templates per Fb team TfD outcome and Fb competition TfD outcome and Fb cl TfD outcome and Fb rbr TfD outcome). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069349-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Swedish football Division 2\nStatistics of Swedish football Division 2 for the 1951\u201352 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069349-0002-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Swedish football Division 2, League standings, Division 2 Nord\u00f6stra 1951\u201352\nTeams from a large part of northern Sweden, approximately above the province of Medelpad, were not allowed to play in the national league system until the 1953\u201354 season, and a championship was instead played to decide the best team in Norrland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 83], "content_span": [84, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069350-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Swedish football Division 3\nStatistics of Swedish football Division 3 for the 1951\u201352 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069351-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Syracuse Nationals season\nThe 1951\u201352 NBA season was the Nationals' 3rd season in the NBA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069352-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Tercera Divisi\u00f3n\nThe 1951\u201352 Tercera Divisi\u00f3n season was the 16th since its establishment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069353-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Toronto Maple Leafs season\nThe 1951\u201352 Toronto Maple Leafs season was Toronto's 35th season in the National Hockey League (NHL).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069354-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 UCLA Bruins men's basketball team\nThe 1951\u201352 UCLA Bruins men's basketball team represented the University of California, Los Angeles during the 1951\u201352 NCAA men's basketball season and were members of the Pacific Coast Conference. The Bruins were led by fourth year head coach John Wooden. They finished the regular season with a record of 19\u201312 and won the PCC Southern Division with a record of 8\u20134. UCLA defeated the Washington Huskies in the conference play-offs and lost to Santa Clara in the NCAA regional semifinals and Oklahoma City in the regional consolation game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069354-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 UCLA Bruins men's basketball team, Previous season\nThe Bruins finished the regular season with a record of 19\u201310 and tied for the southern division championship with a record of 9\u20134. The Bruins lost to the Washington Huskies in the conference play-offs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 58], "content_span": [59, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069355-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 United States network television schedule\nThe following is the 1951\u201352 network television schedule for the four major English language commercial broadcast networks in the United States. The schedule covers primetime hours from September 1951 through March 1952. The schedule is followed by a list per network of returning series, new series, and series cancelled after the 1950\u201351 season. This was the first television season of national network interconnection by coaxial cable and microwave, meaning programming could be transmitted live coast-to-coast (or in the case of filmed programs, distributed simultaneously across the country) if needed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 657]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069355-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 United States network television schedule\nOn Sunday nights, NBC experimented with airing its new comedy-variety program Chesterfield Sound-off Time (featuring Bob Hope, Fred Allen and Jerry Lester as rotating hosts) in an early evening timeslot, 7:00\u20137:30. Previously, network TV variety programs had only been aired during late evening hours; NBC had experimented with a late-night show, Broadway Open House, with Lester as host the previous season, but that show was not considered a success (it was replaced by the more generic Mary Kay's Nightcap this season).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069355-0001-0001", "contents": "1951\u201352 United States network television schedule\nAccording to television historians Castleman and Podrazik (1982), the experiment was designed to \"duplicate the early-evening radio success of Jack Benny\". (Benny himself would appear on rival network CBS's The Jack Benny Program immediately following Chesterfield Sound-off Time). Red Skelton also made his network television debut on NBC's Sunday night schedule this season, but long-term success eluded him until after he moved to CBS in the fall of 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069355-0002-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 United States network television schedule\nAlthough most TV programming was live, both CBS and NBC also experimented in filmed series; Castleman and Podrazik highlight early filmed hits I Love Lucy on CBS and Dragnet on NBC. Dragnet was \"one of NBC's first major experiments in filmed TV series\"; the series was added to NBC's regular network schedule in January 1952, after a \"preview\" on Chesterfield Sound-off Time in December 1951. I Love Lucy was given what historians have called a \"choice time slot\": Monday night immediately following the number one program on television: Arthur Godfrey's Talent Scouts. The series \"proved the strength and acceptability of TV sitcoms, giving [CBS] a strong weapon against NBC's flashy comedy-variety hours\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 757]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069355-0003-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 United States network television schedule\nDuMont, too, avoided flashy comedy series when in February 1952, in desperation the network added Bishop Fulton Sheen's program, Life Is Worth Living, to its Tuesday night schedule. The religious series was pitted against NBC's hit program Texaco Star Theater, and became the surprise hit of the year, holding its own against Texaco host \"Uncle Miltie\", and attracting a sponsor, an Emmy, and 10 million viewers. The ABC and CBS programs which aired in the same time slot, Charlie Wild, Private Detective, and The Frank Sinatra Show (respectively), attracted relatively few viewers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 632]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069355-0004-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 United States network television schedule\nEach of the 30 highest-rated shows is listed with its rank and rating as determined by Nielsen Media Research.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069355-0005-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 United States network television schedule, Monday\nNotes: On NBC, Kukla, Fran and Ollie was reduced from 30 to 15 minutes in November 1951, and Bob and Ray was added at 7:15 p.m. Bob and Ray ran in the 7:15 p.m. time slot Monday through Friday until March 1952 and then on Tuesday and Thursday only until May 1952, while Kukla, Fran and Ollie continued in its 15-minute format at 7:00 p.m. until June 1952. In January 1952, The Speidel Show was renamed for its star, Paul Winchell, becoming The Paul Winchell Show.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 57], "content_span": [58, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069355-0006-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 United States network television schedule, Tuesday\nNote: On NBC, Kukla, Fran and Ollie was reduced from 30 to 15 minutes in November 1951, and Bob and Ray was added at 7:15 p.m. Bob and Ray ran in the 7:15 p.m. time slot Monday through Friday until March 1952 and then on Tuesday and Thursday only until May 1952, while Kukla, Fran and Ollie continued in its 15-minute format at 7:00 p.m. until June 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 58], "content_span": [59, 413]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069355-0007-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 United States network television schedule, Wednesday\nNotes: On NBC, Kukla, Fran and Ollie was reduced from 30 to 15 minutes in November 1951, and Bob and Ray was added at 7:15 p.m. Bob and Ray ran in the 7:15 p.m. time slot Monday through Friday until March 1952 and then on Tuesday and Thursday only until May 1952, while Kukla, Fran and Ollie continued in its 15-minute format at 7:00 p.m. until June 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 60], "content_span": [61, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069355-0008-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 United States network television schedule, Wednesday\n(*) From December 1951 to June 1952, these shows were 30 minutes, 10pm to 10:30pm ET", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 60], "content_span": [61, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069355-0009-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 United States network television schedule, Thursday\nNotes: Wayne King was seen only on NBC's Midwest Network. On NBC, Kukla, Fran and Ollie was reduced from 30 to 15 minutes in November 1951, and Bob and Ray was added at 7:15 p.m. Bob and Ray ran in the 7:15 p.m. time slot Monday through Friday until March 1952 and then on Tuesday and Thursday only until May 1952, while Kukla, Fran and Ollie continued in its 15-minute format at 7:00 p.m. until June 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 59], "content_span": [60, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069355-0010-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 United States network television schedule, Friday\nNotes: Henry Morgan's Great Talent Hunt replaced Versatile Varieties on January 26, 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 57], "content_span": [58, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069355-0011-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 United States network television schedule, Friday\nOn NBC, Kukla, Fran and Ollie was reduced from 30 to 15 minutes in November 1951, and Bob and Ray was added at 7:15 p.m. Bob and Ray ran in the 7:15 p.m. time slot Monday through Friday until March 1952 and then on Tuesday and Thursday only until May 1952, while Kukla, Fran and Ollie continued in its 15-minute format at 7:00 p.m. until June 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 57], "content_span": [58, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069355-0012-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 United States network television schedule, Saturday\nNotes: On NBC, All-Star Revue formerly was known as Four Star Revue. Bob and Ray,  broadcast earlier in the season as a 15-minute weeknight program, expanded to 30 minutes and ran from July to August at 7:30 p.m. Eastern Time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 59], "content_span": [60, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069355-0013-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 United States network television schedule, By network, NBC\nNote: The * indicates that the program was introduced in midseason.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 66], "content_span": [67, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069356-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 United States network television schedule (daytime)\nFollowing are the programs on the 1951\u20131952 United States network television weekday schedule, listing daytime Monday\u2013Friday schedules on four networks for each calendar season from September 1951 to August 1952. All times are Eastern and Pacific. This page is missing info on the DuMont Television Network, which started daytime transmission before any other United States television network.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069356-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 United States network television schedule (daytime)\nTalk shows are highlighted in  yellow, local programming is white, reruns of prime-time programming are orange, game shows are pink, soap operas are chartreuse, news programs are gold and all others are light blue. New series are highlighted in bold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069356-0002-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 United States network television schedule (daytime), Fall 1951\n2:45\u00a0pm: Vanity Fair (to 3,15\u00a0pm MWF, until 11/2) / Bride and Groom (Tu Th)3:00\u00a0pm: Vanity Fair (Tu Th, until 11/2) / Mike and Buff (variety)3:15\u00a0pm: Bride and Groom (Tu Th) (until 11/1)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 70], "content_span": [71, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069356-0003-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 United States network television schedule (daytime), Fall 1951\n3:15 Vacation Wonderland (to 10/14) / Here's Looking at You", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 70], "content_span": [71, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069356-0004-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 United States network television schedule (daytime), Winter 1951/1952\n12:45\u00a0pm: The Steve Allen Show (talk show -to 2/22)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 77], "content_span": [78, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069356-0005-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 United States network television schedule (daytime), Winter 1951/1952\n2:45 pm: Bride and Groom (until 2/1)3:00\u00a0pm: Mike and Buff (variety, from 2/4 from 2:45\u00a0pm)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 77], "content_span": [78, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069356-0006-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 United States network television schedule (daytime), Spring 1952\n2:45\u00a0pm: Mike and Buff (variety, from 2/4 from 2:45\u00a0pm)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 72], "content_span": [73, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069356-0007-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 United States network television schedule (daytime), Summer 1952\n10:45\u00a0am: The Al Pearce Show (M-Th, 10:30 am F)11:15\u00a0am: Bride and Groom (M-Th, 11:00 am F)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 72], "content_span": [73, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069356-0008-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 United States network television schedule (daytime), Summer 1952\n2:45\u00a0pm: Mike and Buff (variety, from 2/4 from 2:45)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 72], "content_span": [73, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069357-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 WIHL season\n1951\u201352 was the sixth season of the Western International Hockey League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 92]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069357-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 WIHL season, Standings\nPlayed interlocking with Pacific Coast Senior League & Okanagan Senior League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 30], "content_span": [31, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069357-0002-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 WIHL season, League Championship final\nTrail Smoke Eaters beat Spokane Flyers 3 wins to 2.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 46], "content_span": [47, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069357-0003-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 WIHL season, League Championship final\nNote: Spokane Flyers were not eligible for the Allan Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 46], "content_span": [47, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069357-0004-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 WIHL season, Semi final\nNelson Maple Leafs beat Kimberley Dynamiters 3 wins to 1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 31], "content_span": [32, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069357-0005-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 WIHL season, Final\nTrail Smoke Eaters beat Nelson Maple Leafs 3 wins to 2.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 26], "content_span": [27, 82]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069357-0006-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 WIHL season, Final\nTrail Smoke Eaters advanced to the 1951-52 British Columbia Senior Playoffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 26], "content_span": [27, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069358-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Washington Huskies men's basketball team\nThe 1951\u201352 Washington Huskies men's basketball team represented the University of Washington for the 1951\u201352 NCAA college basketball season. Led by second-year head coach Tippy Dye, the Huskies were members of the Pacific Coast Conference and played their home games on campus at Hec Edmundson Pavilion in Seattle, Washington.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069358-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Washington Huskies men's basketball team\nThe Huskies were 24\u20134 overall in the regular season and 14\u20132 in conference play; in the PCC title series in Los Angeles against Southern division winner UCLA, the underdog Bruins won in three games, but lost early in the NCAA Tournament. The Final Four was played on the Huskies' home floor, won by Kansas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069358-0002-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Washington Huskies men's basketball team\nWashington returned to the NCAA Tournament the next year, and advanced to the Final Four.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069359-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Washington State Cougars men's basketball team\nThe 1951\u201352 Washington State Cougars men's basketball team represented Washington State College for the 1951\u201352 college basketball season. Led by 24th-year head coach Jack Friel, the Cougars were members of the Pacific Coast Conference and played their home games on campus at Bohler Gymnasium in Pullman, Washington.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069359-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Washington State Cougars men's basketball team\nThe Cougars were 19\u201316 overall in the regular season and 6\u201310 in conference play, fourth in the Northern division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069360-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Welsh Cup\nThe 1951\u201352 FAW Welsh Cup is the 65th season of the annual knockout tournament for competitive football teams in Wales.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069360-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Welsh Cup, Fifth round\nTen winners from the Fourth round and six new clubs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 83]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069360-0002-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Welsh Cup, Semifinal\nCardiff City and Wrexham played at Shrewsbury, both matches between.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 28], "content_span": [29, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069361-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Western Football League\nThe 1951\u201352 season was the 50th in the history of the Western Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069361-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Western Football League\nThe champions for the first time in their history were Chippenham Town, and the winners of Division Two were Bideford Town.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069361-0002-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Western Football League, Final tables, Division One\nDivision One remained at eighteen members with two clubs promoted to replace Yeovil Town Reserves and Peasedown Miners Welfare who were relegated to Division Two.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 59], "content_span": [60, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069361-0003-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Western Football League, Final tables, Division Two\nDivision Two was reduced from twenty clubs to nineteen, after Stonehouse and Bath City Reserves were promoted to Division One, and National Smelting Company and Soundwell left the league. Three new clubs joined:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 59], "content_span": [60, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069362-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Western Kentucky Hilltoppers basketball team\nThe 1951\u201352 Western Kentucky Hilltoppers men's basketball team represented Western Kentucky State College during the 1951-52 NCAA University Division Basketball season. The Hilltoppers were led by future Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame coach Edgar Diddle and leading scorer, forward Tom Marshall. The Hilltoppers won the Ohio Valley Conference season and tournament championships, and were invited to the 1952 National Invitation Tournament. During this period, the NIT was considered on par with the NCAA Tournament. Marshall, Art Spoelstra, Gene Rhodes, and Richard White were named to the All-Conference and OVC Tournament teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 695]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069363-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 William & Mary Indians men's basketball team\nThe 1951\u201352 William & Mary Indians men's basketball team represented the College of William & Mary in intercollegiate basketball during the 1951\u201352 NCAA men's basketball season. Under the first, and only, year of head coach H. Lester Hooker, the team finished the season 15\u201313 and 10\u20136 in the Southern Conference. This was the 47th season of the collegiate basketball program at William & Mary, whose nickname is now the Tribe. William & Mary played its home games at Blow Gymnasium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 536]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069363-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 William & Mary Indians men's basketball team\nThe Indians finished in 8th place in the conference and qualified as the #8 seed for the 1952 Southern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament, hosted by North Carolina State University at Reynolds Coliseum in Raleigh, North Carolina, where the Indians lost to #10 West Virginia in the quarterfinals. William & Mary failed to qualify for a post-season tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069364-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Wisconsin Badgers men's basketball team\nThe 1951\u20131952 Wisconsin Badgers men's basketball team represented University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison. The head coach was Harold E. Foster, coaching his eighteenth season with the Badgers. The team played their home games at the UW Fieldhouse in Madison, Wisconsin and was a member of the Big Ten Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069365-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Yorkshire Cup\nThe 1951\u201352 Yorkshire Cup was the forty-fourth occasion on which rugby league's Yorkshire Cup competition was held. Wakefield Trinity won the trophy by beating Keighley in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069365-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Yorkshire Cup, Background\nThis season no junior/amateur clubs were invited to take part, but newly elected to the  league Doncaster were added to the  competition, thus the  number of entrants remained at the same as last season's total number of sixteen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 33], "content_span": [34, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069365-0002-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Yorkshire Cup, Background\nThis in turn resulted in no byes in the first round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 33], "content_span": [34, 86]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069365-0003-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Yorkshire Cup, Background\nThe  competition again followed the  original formula of a knock-out tournament, with the  exception of the  first round which was still played on a two-legged home and away basis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 33], "content_span": [34, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069365-0004-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Yorkshire Cup, Competition and results, Round 1 - First leg\nAll first round ties are played on a two-legged home and away basis", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 67], "content_span": [68, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069365-0005-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Yorkshire Cup, Competition and results, Round 1 - Second leg\nAll first round ties are played on a two-legged home and away basis", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 68], "content_span": [69, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069365-0006-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Yorkshire Cup, Competition and results, Round 2 - Quarterfinals\nAll second round ties are played on a knock-out basis", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 71], "content_span": [72, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069365-0007-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Yorkshire Cup, Competition and results, Final\nThis was Keighley's only appearance in a Yorkshire Cup final (except for the 1943 Wartime final). Wakefield Trinity won the trophy by beating Keighley by the score of 17-3. The match was played at Fartown, Huddersfield, now in West Yorkshire. The attendance was 25,495 and receipts were \u00a33,347", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 53], "content_span": [54, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069365-0008-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Yorkshire Cup, Competition and results, Final, Teams and scorers\nScoring - Try = three (3) points - Goal = two (2) points - Drop goal = two (2) points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 72], "content_span": [73, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069365-0009-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Yorkshire Cup, Competition and results, The road to success\nAll the ties in the  first round were played on a two leg (home and away) basis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 67], "content_span": [68, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069365-0010-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Yorkshire Cup, Competition and results, The road to success\nFor the  first round ties, the first club named in each of the ties played the first leg at home.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 67], "content_span": [68, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069365-0011-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Yorkshire Cup, Competition and results, The road to success\nFor the  first round ties, the scores shown are the aggregate score over the two legs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 67], "content_span": [68, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069365-0012-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Yorkshire Cup, Notes and comments\n1 * The first Yorkshire Cup match to be played by newly elected to the league, Doncaster, and also at this stadium", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 41], "content_span": [42, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069365-0013-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Yorkshire Cup, Notes and comments\n2 * The  receipts are given as \u00a33,237 by the official Huddersfield 1952 Yearbook but given as \u00a33,227 by \"100 Years of Rugby. The History of Wakefield Trinity 1873-1973\" and \u00a33,347 by RUGBYLEAGUEproject  and by the  Rothmans Rugby League Yearbook of 1991-92 and 1990-91", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 41], "content_span": [42, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069365-0014-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Yorkshire Cup, Notes and comments\n3 * Fartown was the home ground of Huddersfield from 1878 to the end of the 1991-92 season to Huddersfield Town FC's Leeds Road stadium, and then to the McAlpine Stadium in 1994. Fartown remained as a sports/Rugby League ground but is now rather dilapidated, and is only used for staging amateur rugby league games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 41], "content_span": [42, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069365-0015-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Yorkshire Cup, Notes and comments\nDue to lack of maintenance, terrace closures and finally major storm damage closing one of the stands in 1986, the final ground capacity had been reduced to just a few thousands although the record attendance was set in a Challenge cup semi-final on 19 April 1947 when a crowd of 35,136 saw Leeds beat Wakefield Trinity 21-0", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 41], "content_span": [42, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069365-0016-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Yorkshire Cup, Notes and comments, General information for those unfamiliar\nThe Rugby League Yorkshire Cup competition was a knock-out competition between (mainly professional) rugby league clubs from  the  county of Yorkshire. The actual area was at times increased to encompass other teams from  outside the  county such as Newcastle, Mansfield, Coventry, and even London (in the form of Acton & Willesden.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 83], "content_span": [84, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069365-0017-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Yorkshire Cup, Notes and comments, General information for those unfamiliar\nThe Rugby League season always (until the onset of \"Summer Rugby\" in 1996) ran from around August-time through to around May-time and this competition always took place early in the season, in the Autumn, with the final taking place in (or just before) December (The only exception to this was when disruption of the fixture list was caused during, and immediately after, the two World Wars)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 83], "content_span": [84, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069366-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 Yugoslav Ice Hockey League season\nThe 1951\u201352 Yugoslav Ice Hockey League season was the 10th season of the Yugoslav Ice Hockey League, the top level of ice hockey in Yugoslavia. Four teams participated in the league, and Partizan have won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069367-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 elections in India\nThis article is about the first election held in Independent India in 1951-52.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069367-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 elections in India, Presidential election\nThe Election Commission of India held the first presidential elections of India on May 2, 1952. Dr. Rajendra Prasad won his first election with 507,400 votes over his nearest rival K.T. Shah who got 92,827 votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 49], "content_span": [50, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069367-0002-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 elections in India, General election\nGeneral elections to the first Lok Sabha since independence were held in India between 25 October 1951 and 21 February 1952. The Indian National Congress (INC) stormed into power, winning 364 of the 489 seats. Jawaharlal Nehru became the first democratically elected Prime Minister of the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 44], "content_span": [45, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069367-0003-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 elections in India, Legislative Assembly elections, Ajmer*\n*\u00a0: On 1 November 1956, Ajmer State was merged into Rajasthan under States Reorganisation Act, 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 66], "content_span": [67, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069367-0004-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 elections in India, Legislative Assembly elections, Bhopal*\n*\u00a0: On 1 November 1956, Bhopal State was merged into Madhya Pradesh under States Reorganisation Act, 1956. Bhopal states 1955", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 67], "content_span": [68, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069367-0005-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 elections in India, Legislative Assembly elections, Bihar*\n*\u00a0: Bihar was reduced slightly by the transfer of minor territories to West Bengal in 1956 under States Reorganisation Act, 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 66], "content_span": [67, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069367-0006-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 elections in India, Legislative Assembly elections, Bombay*\n* : On 1 November 1956, under States Reorganisation Act, 1956, Bombay state was re-organized by the addition of Saurashtra State and Kutch State, Nagpur Division of Madhya Pradesh, and Marathwada region of Hyderabad. The state's southernmost districts of Bombay were transferred to Mysore State while Abu Road taluka of the Banaskantha district was transferred to Rajasthan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 67], "content_span": [68, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069367-0007-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 elections in India, Legislative Assembly elections, Coorg*\n*\u00a0: On 1 November 1956, Coorg State was merged into Mysore State as per the States Reorganisation Act, 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 66], "content_span": [67, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069367-0008-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 elections in India, Legislative Assembly elections, Delhi*\n*\u00a0: On 1 November 1956, under States Reorganisation Act, 1956, Delhi was made a Union Territory under the direct administration of the President of India and the Delhi Legislative Assembly was abolished simultaneously. Next legislative assembly elections in Delhi were held in 1993, when Union Territory of Delhi was formally declared as National Capital Territory of Delhi by the Sixty-ninth Amendment to the Indian constitution.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 66], "content_span": [67, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069367-0009-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 elections in India, Legislative Assembly elections, Himachal Pradesh*\n*\u00a0: Under States Reorganisation Act, 1956, Himachal Pradesh became a Union Territory on 1 November 1956, under the direct administration of the President of India and the Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly was abolished simultaneously. Under Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966, it became a state and the next legislative elections were held in 1967.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 77], "content_span": [78, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069367-0010-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 elections in India, Legislative Assembly elections, Hyderabad*\n*\u00a0: On 1 November 1956, Hyderabad State, except the districts of Raichur, Gulbarga, Bidar and Marathwada, was merged into Andhra State to form a single state, Andhra Pradesh, under States Reorganisation Act, 1956. The districts of Raichur, Bidar and Gulbarga were transferred to the Mysore State, while the Marathwada districts was merged with the Bombay State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 70], "content_span": [71, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069367-0011-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 elections in India, Legislative Assembly elections, Madhya Bharat*\n*\u00a0: On 1 November 1956, under States Reorganisation Act, 1956, Madhya Bharat (except the Sunel enclave of the Mandsaur district) was merged into Madhya Pradesh and the Sunel enclave of the Mandsaur district of Madhya Bharat was merged in Rajasthan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 74], "content_span": [75, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069367-0012-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 elections in India, Legislative Assembly elections, Madhya Pradesh*\n*\u00a0: On 1 November 1956, under States Reorganisation Act, 1956, Madhya Bharat (except the Sunel enclave of the Mandsaur district), Vindhya Pradesh, Bhopal state and the Sironj sub-division of the Kota district of Rajasthan were merged into Madhya Pradesh while the Nagpur Division was transferred to Bombay State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 75], "content_span": [76, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069367-0013-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 elections in India, Legislative Assembly elections, Madras*\n*\u00a0: On 1 November 1956, the southern part of Travancore-Cochin (Kanyakumari district) was added to the Madras State while the Malabar district of the state was transferred to the new state of Kerala, and a new union territory, Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Islands, was created.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 67], "content_span": [68, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069367-0014-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 elections in India, Legislative Assembly elections, Mysore*\n*\u00a0: On 1 November 1956, Mysore state was enlarged by the addition of Coorg State, the Kollegal taluk of the Coimbatore district and the South Kanara district (except the Kasaragod taluk) of Madras State,  and the Kannada speaking districts from southern Bombay state and western Hyderabad State under States Reorganisation Act, 1956. The Siruguppa taluk, the Bellary taluk, the Hospet taluk and a small area of the Mallapuram sub-taluk were detached from the Mysore State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 67], "content_span": [68, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069367-0015-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 elections in India, Legislative Assembly elections, Punjab*\n*\u00a0: Punjab was enlarged by the addition of Patiala & East Punjab States Union in 1956 under States Reorganisation Act of 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 67], "content_span": [68, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069367-0016-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 elections in India, Legislative Assembly elections, Rajasthan*\n*\u00a0: On 1 November 1956, under States Reorganisation Act, 1956, the Ajmer State, the Abu Road taluk of the Banaskantha district of Bombay State, the Sunel enclave of the Mandsaur district and the Lohara sub-tehsil of the Hissar district of the Punjab was merged with Rajasthan while the Sironj sub-division of the Kota district of Rajasthan was transferred to Madhya Pradesh.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 70], "content_span": [71, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069367-0017-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 elections in India, Legislative Assembly elections, Saurashtra*\n*\u00a0: On 1 November 1956, Saurashtra State was merged into Bombay State as per the States Reorganisation Act, 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 71], "content_span": [72, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069367-0018-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 elections in India, Legislative Assembly elections, Travancore-Cochin$\n$\u00a0: In 1952 elections of legislative assembly, no party found the majority. Indian National Congress formed a coalition government with the help of Travancore Tamil Nadu Congress, Kerala Socialist Party and a nominated member.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 78], "content_span": [79, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069367-0019-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 elections in India, Legislative Assembly elections, Vindhya Pradesh*\n*\u00a0: On 1 November 1956, Vindhya Pradesh was merged into Madhya Pradesh under States Reorganisation Act, 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 76], "content_span": [77, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069367-0020-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 elections in India, Legislative Assembly elections, West Bengal*\n*\u00a0: West Bengal was enlarged slightly by the transfer of minor territories from Bihar in 1956 under States Reorganisation Act, 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 72], "content_span": [73, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069368-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 in Belgian football\nThe 1951\u201352 season was the 49th season of competitive football in Belgium. RFC Li\u00e9geois won their 4th Premier Division title. This was the last season before the 1952 reform of the national competitions. From the next season on, a new level of football was introduced to the league system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069368-0000-0001", "contents": "1951\u201352 in Belgian football\nThe divisions were also renamed, with the top level being named Division I (one league of 16 teams), the second level Division II (one league of 16 teams), the 3rd level Division III (2 leagues of 16 teams each) and the lowest level remaining the Promotion (4 leagues of 16 teams each). The Belgium national football team played 6 friendly games (3 wins, 3 losses).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069368-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 in Belgian football, Overview\nAt the end of the season, RUS Tournaisienne and RRC de Bruxelles were relegated to Division II, while RRC de Gand (Division I A winner) and Beringen FC (Division I B winner) were promoted to Division I.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069368-0002-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 in Belgian football, Overview\nThe teams placed 2nd to 8th in each league of the former Division I formed the new Division II (2nd level).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069368-0003-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 in Belgian football, Overview\nThe clubs placed 9th to 15th in each league of the former Division I were relegated to the new Division III (3rd level), along with the top 4 teams from each league of the former Promotion, as well as 2 winners from play-offs between the 4 5th-placed teams (SK Beveren-Waas and R. Herve F.C. The Promotion was won by UR Namur, RRC Tournaisien, K Tubantia FC and K Patria FC Tongeren.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069368-0004-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 in Belgian football, Overview\nFinally, the new Promotion (4th level) was formed from the 2 bottom teams (US Centre and RFC Bressoux) of the former Division I, the 6th to 16th teams of the former Promotion, the 2 losers of the playoff between the 5th-placed teams of the former Promotion (R L\u00e9opold Club Hornu and K Willebroekse SV) as well as 16 new teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069368-0005-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 in Belgian football, Final league tables, Premier Division\nTop scorer: Henri Coppens (R Beerschot AC) with 23 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 66], "content_span": [67, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069369-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 in English football\nThe 1951\u201352 season was the 72nd season of competitive football in England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069369-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 in English football, Overview\nFour years after guiding them to glory in the FA Cup, Matt Busby guided Manchester United to their first league title triumph in 41 years. While still captained by Johnny Carey and featuring several other players from the 1948 FA Cup winning team, Busby was now giving regular action to young players including Roger Byrne, Johnny Berry and Jackie Blanchflower, and had already invested in the future by making a move for the young goalkeeper Ray Wood.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069369-0002-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 in English football, Overview\nTottenham Hotspur, the previous season's champions, had to settle for second place this season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069369-0003-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 in English football, Overview\nNewcastle United retained the FA Cup, the centrepiece of their team being the forward line-up of Jackie Milburn and the Chilean brothers George and Ted Robledo.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069369-0004-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 in English football, Honours\nNotes = Number in parentheses is the times that club has won that honour. * indicates new record for competition", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 36], "content_span": [37, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069370-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 in Israeli football\nThe 1951\u201352 season was the 4th season of competitive football in Israel and the 26th season under the Israeli Football Association, established in 1928, during the British Mandate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069370-0001-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 in Israeli football, IFA Competitions, 1951\u201352 Israel State Cup\nThe competition took place between 24 November 1951 and 7 June 1952. Maccabi Petah Tikva beaten Maccabi Tel Aviv 1\u20130 in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 71], "content_span": [72, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069370-0002-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 in Israeli football, National Teams, National team\nNo matches were played by the national team during the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 58], "content_span": [59, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069371-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 in Scottish football\nThe 1951\u201352 season was the 79th season of competitive football in Scotland and the 55th season of the Scottish Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069372-0000-0000", "contents": "1951\u201352 in Swedish football\nThe 1951\u201352 season in Swedish football, starting August 1951 and ending July 1952:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069373-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\n1952 (MCMLII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1952nd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 952nd  year of the 2nd\u00a0millennium, the 52nd  year of the 20th\u00a0century, and the  3rd   year of the 1950s decade.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 4], "section_span": [4, 4], "content_span": [5, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069374-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 (album)\n1952 is the third album release by the band Soul-Junk. It was released in 2 parts, a CD and a LP vinyl record. Most of the lyrics are drawn directly from scripture, specifically the New International Version. The sound on the album is a fusion of rock, punk, and jazz that one critic describes as making \"most of today's alternative rock sound like pure pop.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069375-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 10 Hours of Messina\nThe 1st 10 Hours of Messina was a sports car race, held on 24 August 1952 in the street circuit of Messina, Italy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069376-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 24 Hours of Le Mans\nThe 1952 24 Hours of Le Mans was the 20th Grand Prix of Endurance, and took place on 14\u201315 June 1952 at Circuit de la Sarthe.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069376-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 24 Hours of Le Mans\nAfter 22 years away, Mercedes-Benz returned in triumph, scoring a 1\u20132 victory with their new gull-wing Mercedes-Benz W194 which was equipped with a 3.0L S6 engine that had less power than the road car sold two years later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069376-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 24 Hours of Le Mans\nAston Martin, with their DB3, joined Ferrari, Jaguar, Mercedes-Benz, and Cunningham in the top-level sports prototype game, setting the stage for the rivalries that provided so much drama during the rest of the decade.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069376-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 24 Hours of Le Mans\nThis race was notable in that Pierre Levegh attempted to drive the entire 24 Hours by himself\u00a0\u2013 and almost won. With just over an hour to go however, the connecting rod of Levegh's car broke, taking it out of the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069376-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 24 Hours of Le Mans, Regulations\nThis year the Automobile Club de l'Ouest (ACO) decreed that mudguards now had to be integral with the bodywork, unlike the pre-war style of cycle-type mudguards. This meant cars had proper sports-car bodies and were not just modified grand prix cars. After ongoing issues with the fuel used in the race, the ACO's \u2018ternary\u2019 fuel was made up of 75% petrol, 15% alcohol and 10% benzole. The minimum replenishment period for fuel, water and oil was extended from 25 laps to 28. The target average lap speeds (i.e. minimum distances per hour) for each class were also increased. Finally, after 19 runs of the event, the prize money (FF 1 500 000) for the race-winner was raised to make it the same as that for the Index of Performance winner \u2013 just reflecting the stature that the teams and spectators had always placed on the overall race win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 878]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069376-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nThere was huge interest this year in the race with well over a dozen multi-car works teams, self-built team owners and works-supported private entries. There were less than 20 genuine private entries, well in the minority of the 60 starters and reserves. This year the big news was the return of Mercedes-Benz to La Sarthe after 22 years, and the first entry from the Scuderia Ferrari works team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069376-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nMercedes, led again by their pre-war team manager Alfred Neubauer arrived with a trio of W194 prototypes of what was to become the iconic '300SL' (Sport Leicht). To fit, its new 3.0L S6 engine was tilted at a 50\u00b0 angle, and tuned down a fraction to 165\u00a0bhp for better durability. Along with Neubauer were his pre-war team-drivers Hermann Lang and Karl Kling. Another pre-war Mercedes hero, Rudolf Caracciola might have driven, but had been side-lined by a serious accident that was to end his illustrious career.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069376-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nJaguar returned with a strong 3-car team. Having been beaten for speed by the new Ferrari and Mercedes-Benz in the Mille Miglia, the C-types were hurriedly redesigned with a more aerodynamic shell, which unfortunately meant a smaller radiator and a relocated header tank. They also presented a strong driver line-up with the previous year's winners Peter Walker with Stirling Moss, and Peter Whitehead with new driver Ian Stewart, as well as Tony Rolt and Duncan Hamilton who had previously driven for Healey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 543]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069376-0008-0000", "contents": "1952 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nAston Martin, after their great success in the 1951 race, arrived with three new DB-3 cars, as well as two privately entered DB-2s, all fitted with the reliable 2.6L S6 engine. Sydney Allard decided to change engines this year, swapping the Cadillac for a Chrysler V8 and the new J2X had new bodywork to comply with the new ACO regulations. This year Donald Healey entered a pair of Nash-engined prototypes, one with a new body for the British drivers, the other with a new engine for his French drivers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069376-0009-0000", "contents": "1952 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nTalbot was the last of the old French manufacturers remaining in the large-engine classes with four privately entered T-26 cars (with strong support from the factory), now with the required new enclosed bodywork. Andr\u00e9 Chambas had modified his 4.5L engine by adding twin-superchargers which (by using the x1.4 supercharge-equivalence factor) meant his car (#6) had the biggest effective engine capacity and started at the head of the grid.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 473]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069376-0009-0001", "contents": "1952 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nGordini, having gone their separate ways from Simca, were now powered with their own engines: a smaller team with the standard 1100cc car, and a special 2.3L version for its regular GP drivers, Jean Behra and Robert Manzon, which was very nimble. With the swarm of small-engined Panhards, Renaults and Simcas (as well as a supercharged Peugeot special), the French were the biggest nationality represented with 20 cars, followed by the 18 British cars.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069376-0010-0000", "contents": "1952 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nFerrari was back again in force, with eight entrants including two in a works team, and a trio from Luigi Chinetti\u2019s American team. Alongside the previous year's '340 America' 4.1L model was the new '250 Sport' with a 3.0L V12 engine capable of 220\u00a0bhp (fresh from beating Mercedes and Jaguar in the Mille Miglia) and one of the smaller 2.7L '225 Sport' that had just taken the top five places at the Monaco Grand Prix (this year a sports-car race) a fortnight earlier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069376-0010-0001", "contents": "1952 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nThe '250 S' was to be driven by Enzo Ferrari's GP drivers Alberto Ascari and Luigi Villoresi, while the smaller works '225 S' was driven by Tom Cole Jr., latterly with Allard. Even Louis Rosier had jumped from Talbot to a pair of Ferrari 340 Americas. He was entered in one (racing with fellow French F1 racer Maurice Trintignant) and the other for his son.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069376-0011-0000", "contents": "1952 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nLancia's first foray the year before had been a win, and the works team returned with a pair of updated B20 Aurelias to again contest the 2-litre class. Another pre-war veteran, Luigi Fagioli, was to have driven (after scoring a 3rd place in the Mille Miglia) but had been critically injured at the same Monaco GP that Ferrari had won and could not compete.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069376-0011-0001", "contents": "1952 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\n(Tragically, he died of his wounds less than a week after the Le Mans race)Another future Italian stalwart of the race made its debut this year: OSCA had been set up by the three Maserati brothers after selling their namesake company, and arrived with their first sports car, the pretty little MT-4. Its 1.3L engine developed 90 \u00a0bhp, putting it in a competitive contest against the Jowetts and Porsche.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069376-0012-0000", "contents": "1952 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nBriggs Cunningham returned with his own cars and regular team-drivers John Fitch and Phil Walters. This year they had two new C-4R roadsters and one with a closed coup\u00e9 body (C-4RK) designed by renowned pre-war aerodynamicist Wunibald Kamm. Made over 500\u00a0kg lighter than the 1951 C-2, they claimed the biggest engines just ahead of the Allards, with the burly 5.4L Chrysler 'Firepower' V8 putting out 320\u00a0bhp. Potential works entries from Alfa Romeo (for Juan-Manuel Fangio and Jos\u00e9 Froil\u00e1n Gonz\u00e1lez) and Pegaso were scratched amid concerns about the cars being able to last the distance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 622]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069376-0013-0000", "contents": "1952 24 Hours of Le Mans, Practice\nThe remodelled Jaguars soon showed up overheating problems what were to plague them through the race, despite some hasty modifications. A Le Mans star of the future, Phil Hill drove one of the Cunninghams in practice, but not in the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069376-0014-0000", "contents": "1952 24 Hours of Le Mans, Practice\nIn the second practice session, Griffith heavily crashed his Aston Martin into the sandbank at Tertre Rouge, but team manager John Wyer managed to swap in the spare car without the officials noticing. Also needing a full rebuild after a practice crash was the new DB coup\u00e9. A piston failure during practice forced the scratching one of Louis Rosier's Ferraris. But it was Hermann Lang in the Mercedes which set the fastest lap in practice at 4m40s, just a tenth ahead of Ascari's Ferrari, with both fully 20 seconds faster than the \u2018official\u2019 time of the Cunningham in 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069376-0015-0000", "contents": "1952 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start\nAfter the wet race the previous year, this year's race was essentially dry. Leader after the first lap was Phil Walters in the Cunningham coup\u00e9, chased by Moss in the Jaguar and the red and blue Ferraris of Ascari and Simon respectively, then the other two Jaguars and \"Levegh's\" Talbot. Ascari soon got to the front and between him and Simon they took turnabout lowering Stirling Moss's lap record \u2013 eventually setting it six seconds faster than the previous year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069376-0016-0000", "contents": "1952 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start\nSoon enough though, after just 6 laps, Ascari was in the pits with clutch problems \u2013 something that would plague the Ferraris through the race. It was worse news at the Jaguar garage. Moss had moved back up to second when Ascari pitted but soon was also pitting, with overheating problems. By nightfall all three Jaguars were out of the race in a dramatic change of fortune to the previous year. Two of the Aston Martins had retired with differential issues.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 496]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069376-0016-0001", "contents": "1952 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start\nPhil Walters had kept the Cunningham coup\u00e9 in close reach, and after 4 hours handed the car over to his co-driver Duane Carter who promptly planted it into the sandbank at Tertre Rouge on his second lap out. Soon after getting back in the race their engine started playing up with similar problems that had already sidelined John Fitch's car.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069376-0017-0000", "contents": "1952 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start\nSurprising the home crowd, that moved the Gordini of Robert Manzon up behind Simon. Though running a much smaller engine than the cars around it, it was proving very fast. When Simon had to start nursing a slipping clutch, Manzon took the lead in the 3rd hour. Meanwhile, the three Mercedes-Benzes were playing a waiting game, running to Neubauer's strict, conservative pace to preserve the cars and hovering just in the top 10. After several trips to the pits, Vincent stuck the former lead Ferrari into the sandbank at Mulsanne corner, dropping it right down the order. Chinetti's own Ferrari moved up into the top five, while his 3rd car had fallen to clutch problems in the early evening, as had Rosier's car.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 751]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069376-0018-0000", "contents": "1952 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Night\nGoing into the night, Manzon and Behra kept their lead, and by midnight were a lap ahead of \"Levegh\" in his Talbot. However just before half-time one of the Gordini's brakedrums jammed and despite repairs the team considered too dangerous to risk continuing. This left \"Levegh\" sitting four laps ahead of the two Mercedes-Benzes of Helfrich / Niedermeyer and Lang / Riess, followed by the Macklin / Collins Aston Martin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 458]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069376-0018-0001", "contents": "1952 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Night\nBut it was not an easy lead \u2013 he had already decided to drive right through on his own; the engine had developed a vibration and he did not want to risk his co-driver, Ren\u00e9 Marchand, with a breakdown. The leading Mercedes had retired during the night with a broken alternator and Luigi Chinetti's Ferrari had been disqualified for refuelling a lap ahead of its prescribed time, leaving just the Simon / Vincent Ferrari in the race gradually making back ground. After successive second places in the previous years, luck ran out for Mairesse / Meyrat when their (aging) Talbot's oil pump expired around half-time. Meanwhile, in the S2.0 class, the Lancias had been running 1-2 for most of the race ahead of the Frazer-Nash's", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 761]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069376-0019-0000", "contents": "1952 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Morning\nDawn was masked by a very heavy fog, which got so thick the Mercedes drivers had to open their gull-wing doors to be able to see. It also caused Alexis Constantin to crash and roll his supercharged Peugeot at Tertre Rouge barely missing Jack Fairman's Allard. The other Allard had an equally hairy moment soon after when Arkus-Duntov found himself with no brakes at the end of the Mulsanne straight taking to the escape road, scattering spectators and gendarmes and narrowly avoiding parked cars.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 536]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069376-0019-0001", "contents": "1952 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Morning\nAs the sun rose, Neubauer instructed his drivers to finally pick up the pace, but it was too late, the lead was too great. \"Levegh\" had driven through the night and still held a good lead. Near noon a damaged wheel cost Helfrich time and dropped his car to third. Macklin and Collins kept their Aston Martin at a steady pace in fourth. Late in the morning the leading Frazer-Nash of \"Dickie\" Stoop / Peter Wilson broke a halfshaft and retired, leaving the Lancias comfortably in front.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069376-0019-0002", "contents": "1952 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Morning\nAlso retired at this time was the larger-engined Porsche, leading the S1500 class in a close tussle with the OSCA, running 14th and 15th overall respectively. It had come in to refuel and left the engine running in case it stalled permanently. That was against the safety rules and the officials disqualified the car. But the OSCA was no more fortunate: soon afterward, just coming out of Arnage, the clutch broke. Lacour got out and pushed the car the 3\u00a0km back to the pits only to be told by his pitcrew that the damage was terminal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 575]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069376-0020-0000", "contents": "1952 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race\nThe race was quietly running down to its conclusion, with the home crowd looking forward to a second French victory in four years. But then suddenly, with just over an hour to go, the connecting rod of \"Levegh's\" Talbot broke, causing it to come to a halt at Maison Blanche about a mile from the pits. Driving without a working rev-counter, it is uncertain whether either the engine issues finally broke it, or through sheer exhaustion, he missed a gear-change and over-revved the engine catastrophically.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 558]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069376-0020-0001", "contents": "1952 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race\nBut such was his lead it still took 20 minutes for the second-placed Mercedes-Benz to get ahead on distance. A final twist saw the Aston Martin retire, moving the Nash-Healey of Johnson/Wisdom up to 3rd ahead of Briggs Cunningham's own car and the recovering Ferrari of Simon / Vincent. Like many, Cunningham had been nursing a slipping clutch through most of the race, driving for 20 hours himself gradually moving up the order.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069376-0021-0000", "contents": "1952 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race\nSo Mercedes-Benz were as surprised as anyone to have the 1-2 victory. This was the first win for a closed-body car, and for a German manufacturer. Although the weather had been good, it was a torrid race with a record 40 retirements from the 57 starters. The lone Ferrari had fought back into the top ten during the morning, and after the late-race retirements made it up to 5th. The privateer team of Clark and Keen was the only Aston Martin to finish this year (in 5th) and the only Talbot to finish was Chambas\u2019 supercharged special in 9th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069376-0022-0000", "contents": "1952 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race\nFor the third year in a row, Pierre H\u00e9mard won the Index of Performance (although this year his co-driver was Eug\u00e8ne Dossous) in the little Monopole-Panhard. just ahead of the two Mercedes-Benz coup\u00e9s. They also won the Biennial Cup and romped home in their S750 class fully 13 laps ahead of the closest Renault. Jowett also won its class, the S1500, for the third successive year, by outlasting the much faster but more fragile opposition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 493]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069376-0023-0000", "contents": "1952 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race\nThe Lancias barely missed a beat getting a successive class win. The lead car of Bonetto / Anselmi was delayed around lunchtime, giving the lead to the sister car which it held to the end, with the team finishing 6th and 8th overall, well ahead (>20 laps) of the surviving Frazer-Nash rival in 10th which had been gingerly lapping for the last 3 hours with a loose wheel-mounting on the front right. Porsche repeated its S1100 class victory from the previous year, and by the same drivers as 1951: Paris Porsche agent, \u2018Toto\u2019 Veuillet and Edmond Mouche. The last finisher in the race was a little Renault 4CV driven by Le Mans debutante, Jean R\u00e9d\u00e9l\u00e9 who, at 30 years old, was France's youngest Renault dealer. After a short racing career he would go on to found a significant new car company with Renault rear-mounted engines: Alpine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 887]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069376-0024-0000", "contents": "1952 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race\nSo a very strong, varied field had promised a competitive race and the speed and excitement with the dramatic last-hour twist delivered, firmly cementing Le Mans\u2019 place as the most important Sports Car race on the motorsport calendar. Mercedes-Benz went on to win at the N\u00fcrburgring and a 1-2-3 in the Carrera Panamericana. Gordini had its biggest success two weeks after Le Mans in Formula 2, when Jean Behra beat the Ferrari 500s in the final Grand Prix de la Marne", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069377-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 A Group\nStatistics of Bulgarian A Football Group in the 1952 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 73]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069377-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 A Group, Overview\nIt was contested by 12 teams, and CSKA Sofia won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 22], "content_span": [23, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069378-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 AAA Championship Car season\nThe 1952 AAA Championship Car season consisted of 12 races, beginning in Speedway, Indiana on May 30 and concluding in Phoenix, Arizona on November 11. There was also one non-championship event in Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania. The AAA National Champion was Chuck Stevenson, and the Indianapolis 500 winner was Troy Ruttman. Johnny McDowell was killed at the Milwaukee while qualifying for  the Rex Mays Classic. Joe James died in the San Jos\u00e9 100 race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069378-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 AAA Championship Car season, Final points standings\nNote: The points became the car, when not only one driver led the car, the relieved driver became small part of the points. Points for driver method: (the points for the finish place) / (number the lap when completed the car) * (number the lap when completed the driver)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 56], "content_span": [57, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069380-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Aer Lingus C-47 accident\nThe 1952 Aer Lingus C-47 accident occurred on 10 January 1952, in Wales. The C-47 operated by Aer Lingus was en-route from London to Dublin when the aircraft suddenly went into a dive & crashed near Llyn Gwynant. All Twenty passengers & Three crew died in the crash. It was determined that the aircraft had flewn into a mountain wave triggered by Snowdon resulting in loss of control. To date the accident is the second deadliest commercial airliner crash in Wales, was first fatal accident of Aer Lingus, the second deadliest crash involving Aer Lingus.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 584]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069381-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Afghan parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Afghanistan in 1952. They followed a royal proclamation calling upon the people to elect the eighth National Assembly, consisting of 171 seats, within three months. As no census of population has ever been taken there were no electoral lists and the elections were held using public meetings in which people voted for the official candidates by acclamation. In Kabul there were two opposition candidates, but the government candidates were elected by considerable majorities when the vote was held on 20 April. However, only 7,000 of the 50,000 voters in the city participated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 649]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069381-0000-0001", "contents": "1952 Afghan parliamentary election\nAfter liberal parties failed to win a seat, they accused the government of electoral fraud. A protest in Kabul demanding new elections was joined by university students, but dispersed by the army on the orders of Prime Minister Mohammed Daoud Khan. Several of its leaders were arrested and later jailed, with others fleeing to Pakistan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069382-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Ahmedabad City by-election\nOn June 4, 1952 a by-election for one of the two seats of the Ahmedabad City nos. VI, VII constituency of the Bombay Legislative Assembly was held. The by-election was called following the resignation of Somnath Prabhashankar Dave.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069382-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Ahmedabad City by-election\nThe Indian National Congress fielded the Chief Minister Morarji Desai whilst the Communist Party of India fielded Dinkar Mehta. Desai won the seat with 18,583 votes (61.08%) against 11,841 (38.92%) votes for Mehta.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069383-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Air France SNCASE Languedoc crash\nThe 1952 Air France SNCASE Languedoc crash occurred on 3 March 1952 when a SNCASE SE.161/P7 Languedoc aircraft of Air France crashed on take-off from Nice Airport for Le Bourget Airport, Paris, killing all 38 people on board. The cause of the accident was that the aileron controls had jammed, which in itself was contributed to by a design fault. The accident was the third-deadliest in France at the time and is the deadliest involving the SNCASE Languedoc.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 498]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069383-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Air France SNCASE Languedoc crash, Aircraft\nThe accident aircraft was a SNCASE SE.161/P7 Languedoc, msn 43, registration F-BCUM. The aircraft was powered by four 1,220-horsepower (910-kilowatt) Pratt & Whitney R-1830 SIC-3-G engines.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 48], "content_span": [49, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069383-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Air France SNCASE Languedoc crash, Accident\nShortly after take-off from Nice Airport on a scheduled domestic passenger flight to Orly Airport, Paris, the aircraft was seen to bank to the left, roll onto its back and crash about 1 kilometre (1,100\u00a0yd) north of the airport. All four crew and 34 passengers on board were killed. The flight had originated in Tunis, Tunisia. The accident was the third deadliest in France at the time and is the deadliest involving the SNCASE Languedoc.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 48], "content_span": [49, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069383-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Air France SNCASE Languedoc crash, Accident\nThirteen of the victims were British, including shipowner John Emlyn-Jones and his wife. Amongst the other victims were the French actresses Lise Topart and Mich\u00e8le Verly and the American actress and ballet dancer Harriet Toby. A Frenchwoman was initially reported to have survived the crash seriously injured, but she died later in hospital, bringing the total to 38 deaths.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 48], "content_span": [49, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069383-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Air France SNCASE Languedoc crash, Investigation\nAn investigation found that the cause of the accident was that the co-pilot's aileron controls had jammed due to a chain slipping off its sprocket. The difficulty of setting and inspecting the chains in the dual control columns was cited as a contributory factor in the accident.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 53], "content_span": [54, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069384-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Ajmer Legislative Assembly election\nElections to the Ajmer Legislative Assembly were held on 27 March 1952. 134 candidates competed for the 30 seats in the Assembly. This was the final election for the Ajmer Legislative Assembly: on 1 November 1956, under the provisions of the States Reorganisation Act, 1956, the Ajmer State was abolished and its constituencies were merged into Rajasthan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069384-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Ajmer Legislative Assembly election, Constituencies\nThe Ajmer Legislative Assembly consisted of 30 seats distributed in six two-member constituencies; Ajmer-I (South West), Ajmer-II (East), Jethana, Nasirabad, Kekri and Masuda and eighteen single-member constituencies. None of these seats were under reserved category for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. Total 134 candidates contested for these 30 seats. Maximum number of candidates were 13 from Ajmer-I (South West) and Ajmer-II (East), while Bhinai had only 2 contestants, minimum of all the constituencies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 56], "content_span": [57, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069384-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Ajmer Legislative Assembly election, By-elections\nIn September 1953 a by-election was held for the Bhinai seat. In the original election, the Bhinai seat had been won by Kalyan Singh of the Bharatiya Jan Sangh, who defeated the Indian National Congress candidate Madan Singh with 3,164 votes (51.58%) against 2,970 (48.42%). However, the election in Bhinai was declared void as nomination papers had been improperly rejected and a by-election was called. Three candidates contested the by-election; Kalyan Singh of BJS, Chiman Singh of INC and independent candidate Misri Lal Chitlangia. Kalyan Singh retained the seat with 3,662 votes (65.3%). The Congress candidate got 1,635 votes (29.2%) and Chitalngia got 310 votes (5.5%).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 54], "content_span": [55, 733]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069385-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Akron Zips football team\nThe 1952 Akron Zips football team was an American football team that represented the University of Akron in the Ohio Athletic Conference (OAC) during the 1952 college football season. In its second and final season under head coach Kenneth Cochrane, the team compiled a 2\u20136\u20131 record (2\u20132\u20131 against OAC opponents) and was outscored by a total of 156 to 121. Joe Mazzaferro and Bob Vogt were the team captains. The team played its home games at the Rubber Bowl in Akron, Ohio.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069386-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Alabama Crimson Tide football team\nThe 1952 Alabama Crimson Tide football team (variously \"Alabama\", \"UA\" or \"Bama\") represented the University of Alabama in the 1952 college football season. It was the Crimson Tide's 58th overall and 19th season as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The team was led by head coach Harold Drew, in his sixth year, and played their home games at Denny Stadium in Tuscaloosa, Legion Field in Birmingham, Ladd Stadium in Mobile and at the Cramton Bowl in Montgomery, Alabama. They finished with a record of ten wins and two losses (10\u20132 overall, 4\u20132 in the SEC) and with a victory over Syracuse in the Orange Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 662]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069386-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Alabama Crimson Tide football team\nAfter a 5\u20136 campaign for the 1951 season, Alabama bounced back in 1952 to have its best season of the decade and finished 10\u20132. However, losses to Tennessee, for the fifth consecutive year without a victory, and Georgia Tech cost Alabama the SEC title. The Crimson Tide ended the season in its first bowl game in five years, against Syracuse in the Orange Bowl. The 61\u20136 Alabama victory set a school record for most points scored in a bowl game and an Orange Bowl record for points scored until the 2012 Orange Bowl. The 55-point margin of victory stood as the all-time record for margin of victory in a bowl game through the 2008 GMAC Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 681]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069386-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Alabama Crimson Tide football team\nFreshman quarterback Bart Starr, playing with the varsity, appeared in seven games as the backup to Clell Hobson. Starr went on to have a legendary Hall of Fame career as quarterback of the Green Bay Packers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069386-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Mississippi Southern\nTo open the 1952 season, Alabama defeated the Mississippi Southern Golden Eagles 20\u20136 at the Cramton Bowl in a game where the Crimson Tide set a conference with their 12 fumbles. Clell Hobson scored the first touchdown for Alabama on his eight-yard run in the first quarter for a 7\u20130 lead. Southern responded in the second quarter with their lone points on a 13-yard Laurin Pepper touchdown run before the Crimson Tide made the halftime score 13\u20136 after a four-yard Bobby Luna run. Alabama then scored the final touchdown of the game in the third on a four-yard Bobby Marlow run. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Mississippi Southern to 6\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 77], "content_span": [78, 741]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069386-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, LSU\nTo open conference play for the 1952 season, Alabama defeated LSU 21\u201320 at Tiger Stadium in Baton Rouge. After the Tigers took a 7\u20130 lead on a 16-yard Al Doggett touchdown pass to Ron Emberg, Bobby Luna scored on a pair of two-yard touchdown runs and gave the Crimson Tide a 14-7 halftime lead. LSU responded to take a 20\u201314 lead late in the fourth quarter after Doggett scored on a 38-yard run in the third and on a 20-yard Norman Stevens run early in the fourth quarter. Alabama then scored the game-winning touchdown on a 95-yard Bob Conway kickoff return for the 21\u201320 win. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against LSU to 14\u20136\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 60], "content_span": [61, 708]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069386-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Miami\nOn a Friday evening in Miami, Alabama defeated the Miami Hurricanes 21\u20137 at Burdine Stadium. After a scoreless first quarter, Miami scored the first touchdown of the game on a one-yard Don James run and Alabama followed with a one-yard Bobby Marlow touchdown run to tie the game at halftime 7\u20137. In the second half, the Crimson Tide defense shut out the Hurricanes and the offense added a pair of touchdowns to win 21\u20137. The second-half touchdowns were scored on a second one-yard Marlow run in the third quarter and on a four-yard Thomas Tharp run in the fourth quarter. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Miami to 3\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 62], "content_span": [63, 703]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069386-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, VPI\nAgainst the Fighting Gobblers of VPI (now known as the Virginia Tech Hokies), Alabama won 33\u20130 at Denny Field. Four first half touchdowns gave the Crimson Tide a 27\u20130 halftime lead that proved insurmountable for the Gobblers. Touchdown were scored in the first on a 10-yard Bobby Luna run and a three-yard Tommy Lewis run, and in the second on Thomas Tharp runs of 85 and 20-yards. With the reserves in place of the second half, the final touchdown of the game came in the fourth quarter when Bobby Duke threw a 14-yard strike to William Oliver and made the final score 33\u20130. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against VPI 3\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 60], "content_span": [61, 700]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069386-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Tennessee\nAgainst their long-time rival, the Tennessee Volunteers, Alabama was shut out 20\u20130 at Shields-Watkins Field for their first loss of the season. The first Tennessee points were set up early in the first after Mack Franklin blocked a Bobby Wilson punt. Andy Kozar then gave the Vols a 6\u20130 lead with his two-yard run on the drive that ensued. Tennessee did not score again until the fourth quarter when Pat Shires threw a 10-yard touchdown pass to Frank Alexander and Jimmy Wade scored on a four-yard run for the 20\u20130 victory. The loss brought Alabama's all-time record against Tennessee to 17\u201313\u20134.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 66], "content_span": [67, 663]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069386-0008-0000", "contents": "1952 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Mississippi State\nOn homecoming in Tuscaloosa, the Crimson Tide scored touchdowns in all four quarters and defeated the Mississippi State Maroons 42\u201319 at Denny Stadium. Jackie Parker scored the first touchdown of the game for the Maroons with his one-yard touchdown run and Bobby Marlow responded with a nine-yard run to tie the game 7\u20137 at the end of the first quarter. In the second quarter, Marlow scored touchdowns on a 56-yard run and on a 14-yard reception from Clell Hobson and gave Alabama a 21\u20137 halftime lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 74], "content_span": [75, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069386-0008-0001", "contents": "1952 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Mississippi State\nIn between Parker touchdown runs of two and six-yards for State, Thomas Tharp scored for the Tide on a 23-yard run and Alabama led 28\u201319 at the end of the third. The Crimson Tide then closed the game with a pair of fourth-quarter touchdowns on a 45-yard Hobson pass to Tharp and a four-yard Bob Conway run for the 42\u201319 win. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Mississippi State to 28\u20137\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 74], "content_span": [75, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069386-0009-0000", "contents": "1952 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Georgia\nAt Legion Field, Alabama defeated the Georgia Bulldogs 34\u201319, and with the victory exceeded their win total from the previous season. After Bobby Marlow gave Alabama a 7\u20130 first quarter lead, the Bulldogs responded with a 12-yard Zeke Bratkowski touchdown pass to Robert Dellinger in the first and on a one-yard Robert Clemens run for a 12\u20137 second quarter lead. Clell Hobson then scored on a four-yard run to give the Crimson Tide a 14\u201312 halftime lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 64], "content_span": [65, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069386-0009-0001", "contents": "1952 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Georgia\nAlabama then scored on a pair of Thomas Tharp touchdown runs of 13 and 19-yards and a Bob Conway run of one-yard for a 34\u201312 lead late in the fourth quarter. A nine-yard James Harper run for Georgia late in the fourth provided for the final 34\u201319 winning margin for the Crimson Tide. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Georgia to 20\u201315\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 64], "content_span": [65, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069386-0010-0000", "contents": "1952 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Chattanooga\nAfter going down 7\u20130, Alabama responded with 42 consecutive points and defeated the Chattanooga Moccasins 42\u201328 at Denny Stadium. Hal Ledyard scored for the Mocs on a three-yard run in the first quarter to give Chattanooga their only lead at 7\u20130. Alabama responded with touchdown runs of seven-yards by Bobby Marlow and 56 and six-yards by Thomas Tharp in the second for a 21\u20137 halftime lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 68], "content_span": [69, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069386-0010-0001", "contents": "1952 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Chattanooga\nThe Crimson Tide then scored another three touchdowns in the third quarter on a 60-yard Hootie Ingram interception return, a one-yard Bob Conway run and a two-yard Bobby Luna run for a 42\u20137 lead at the end of the third quarter. With the game in hand, the Alabama reserves did surrender three fourth-quarter touchdowns to the Mocs in a span of just over four minutes to make the final score 42\u201328. Chattanooga touchdowns in the quarter were scored on a 15-yard Ledyard pass to Fremo Ross, a 64-yard Ledyard pass to Jack Stanford and on a one-yard Buck Stamps run. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Chattanooga to 6\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 68], "content_span": [69, 706]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069386-0011-0000", "contents": "1952 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Georgia Tech\nIn what was the ABC televised game of the week, Alabama lost to the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets 7\u20133 at Grant Field in Atlanta. After a 25-yard Bobby Luna field goal gave the Crimson Tide a 3\u20130 first quarter lead, a nine-yard Dick Pretz touchdown run in the second quarter proved to be the game-winner for Tech. The loss brought Alabama's all-time record against Georgia Tech to 17\u201314\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 69], "content_span": [70, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069386-0012-0000", "contents": "1952 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Maryland\nIn the first all-time meeting between the schools, Alabama upset the Maryland Terrapins 27\u20137 at Ladd Stadium in Mobile. The Crimson Tide scored touchdowns in all four quarters. They were scored in the first half on an 11-yard Bobby Luna pass to Bart Starr in the first quarter and on a one-yard Tommy Lewis run in the second for a 13\u20130 halftime lead for Alabama. After a 25-yard Jack Scarbath touchdown pass to Lou Weidensaul early in the third cut the Crimson Tide lead to 13\u20137, Alabama scored two more touchdowns to put the game away. The first came in the third quarter on a one-yard Bobby Marlow run and the second on a 22-yard Hootie Ingram interception return late in the fourth to make the final score 27\u20137.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 65], "content_span": [66, 780]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069386-0013-0000", "contents": "1952 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Auburn\nFor the fourth time in five years since the revival of the Auburn series, Alabama shutout the Tigers 21\u20130 at Legion Field. The Crimson Tide took a 14\u20130 lead in the first quarter on touchdown runs of 13 and eight-yards by Tommy Lewis. Bobby Luna then scored the final touchdown in the second quarter on a four-yard run for the 21\u20130 victory. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Auburn to 8\u20138\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 63], "content_span": [64, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069386-0014-0000", "contents": "1952 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Syracuse\nIn what was the first bowl game that the Crimson Tide competed in since the 1948 Sugar Bowl, Alabama dominated the Syracuse Orangemen 61\u20136, and the 55-point margin of victory remained the largest for a bowl game until the 2008 GMAC Bowl. In the first quarter, Alabama scored on a 27-yard touchdown pass from Clell Hobson to Bobby Luna to take a 7\u20130 lead. Syracuse responded on the following possession with their lone touchdown of the game on a 15-yard Joe Szombathy touchdown run to make the score 7\u20136.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 65], "content_span": [66, 569]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069386-0014-0001", "contents": "1952 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Syracuse\nFrom this point, the Orangemen did not score again and the Crimson Tide dominated with 54 unanswered points. Alabama extended their lead to 21\u20136 at halftime on a one-yard Bobby Marlow touchdown run and a 50-yard Thomas Tharp reception from Hobson. In the third quarter, the Crimson Tide scored three more touchdowns on a 38-yard Bobby Luna run and on Tommy Lewis runs of one and 30-yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 65], "content_span": [66, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069386-0014-0002", "contents": "1952 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Syracuse\nWith a 41\u20136 lead at the end of the third, Alabama scored another three touchdowns in the fourth quarter on a 21-yard Joe Cummings reception from Bart Starr, an 80-yard Hootie Ingram punt return and a 60-yard Marvin Hill interception return. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Syracuse to 1\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 65], "content_span": [66, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069387-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Albanian Cup\n1952 Albanian Cup (Albanian: Kupa e Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb) was the sixth season of Albania's annual cup competition. It began on February 1952 with the First Eliminatory Round and ended on May 1952 with the Final match. Dinamo Tirana were the defending champions, having won their second Albanian Cup last season. The cup was won by Dinamo Tirana.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069387-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Albanian Cup\nThe rounds were played in a one-legged format. Group A played three eliminatory rounds and Groups B, C and D played directly in quarter finals. If the number of goals was equal, the match was decided by extra time and a penalty shootout, if necessary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069387-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Albanian Cup, Semifinals\nIn this round entered the four winners from the previous round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 93]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069388-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Albanian National Championship\nThe 1952 Albanian National Championship was the fifteenth season of the Albanian National Championship, the top professional league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 1930.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069388-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Albanian National Championship, Overview\nIt was contested by 21 teams, and Dinamo won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069389-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Alberta general election\nThe 1952 Alberta general election was held on August 5, 1952, to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069389-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Alberta general election\nErnest C. Manning in his third election as leader of the Social Credit Party, and its first election since the Social Credit Party paid off Alberta's first debt in 1949, led it to its fifth consecutive election victory, increasing its share of the popular vote, and winning fifty two of the sixty one seats in the legislature.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069389-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Alberta general election\nThe Liberal Party formed the official opposition with only four seats. The Conservative Party returned to Alberta politics again, nominating candidates both under the \"Conservative\" banner, and under the \"Progressive Conservative\" banner recently adopted by its federal counterpart. The party won two seats, one under each banner. The Cooperative Commonwealth Federation won two seats, one that of leader Elmer Roper. The remaining seat was won by an Independent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 493]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069389-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Alberta general election\nThis provincial election, like the previous six, saw district-level proportional representation (Single transferable voting) used to elect the MLAs of Edmonton and Calgary. City-wide districts were used to elect multiple MLAs in the cities. All the other MLAs were elected in single-member districts through Instant-runoff voting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069389-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Alberta general election, Results\n* Party did not nominate candidates in the previous election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069390-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Alexander Cup\nThe 1952 Alexander Cup was the Canadian national major ('open' to both amateur and professional leagues) senior ice hockey championship for the 1951\u201352 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069390-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Alexander Cup, Final\nThe Quebec Aces, of the amateur Quebec Senior Hockey League, defeated the Saint John Beavers, of the semi-professional Maritime Major Hockey League (MMHL), 4 games to 1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 25], "content_span": [26, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069391-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 All England Badminton Championships\nThe 1952 All England Championships was a badminton tournament held at the Empress Hall, Earls Court, London, England, from 19 to 22 March 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069391-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 All England Badminton Championships, Final results\nOver 200 entries were received for the 1952 championships, a record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 55], "content_span": [56, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069392-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 All-American Girls Professional Baseball League season\nThe 1952 All-American Girls Professional Baseball League season marked the tenth season of the circuit. The teams Battle Creek Belles, Fort Wayne Daisies, Grand Rapids Chicks, Kalamazoo Lassies, Rockford Peaches and South Bend Blue Sox competed through a 110-game schedule, while the Shaugnessy playoffs featured the top four teams from each half of the regular season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069392-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 All-American Girls Professional Baseball League season\nIn 1952 the league was left with six teams, as Kenosha and Peoria folded at the end of the previous season. No changes were made to the game, but attendance continued to decline. Joanne Weaver of Fort Wayne won  the batting crown with a .344 average, while her older sister and teammate Betty Foss was honored with the Player of the Year Award. Foss registered the second best average (.331) and led the league in total bases (209), runs scored (81), runs batted in (74), doubles (24) and triples (17).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069392-0001-0001", "contents": "1952 All-American Girls Professional Baseball League season\nSouth Bend's Jean Faut won the pitching Triple Crown, after leading the league in earned run average (0.93) and strikeouts (114), while tying with Rockford's Rose Gacioch for the most victories (20). Faut also posted the best win\u2013loss record (.909), that would eventually become the highest in league history. Furthermore, Marilyn Jones of Battle Creek hurled the only no-hitter of the season against Rockford on July 10.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069392-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 All-American Girls Professional Baseball League season\nDuring the best-of-three series, first place Fort Wayne lost to third place Rockford, two games to one, while second place South Bend swept fourth place Grand Rapids. Fort Wayne won the first game, 5\u20134, in a heroic 10-inning effort by Maxine Kline. But Rockford won the next contest, 4\u20133, with strong pitching from Rose Gacioch, who limited the powerful Daisies to a run after struggling in the first inning. In Game 3, Migdalia P\u00e9rez scattered six hits in a 6\u20130 shutout against Fort Wayne, while receiving offensive support from Jean Buckley, who went 4-for-4 with four RBI.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 635]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069392-0002-0001", "contents": "1952 All-American Girls Professional Baseball League season\nIn the other series, South Bend disposed of Grand Rapids in two games. Jean Faut struck out nine Chicks in a three-hit, 2\u20131 victory while facing Alma Ziegler in Game 1. Then, Glenna Sue Kidd defeated Earlene Risinger and Grand Rapids in Game 2, 6\u20131, to face Grand Rapids in the finals. South Bend clinched the title over the Peaches, 3 to 2 games. Once more Faut was brilliant in the final series, winning two games and batting an average of .300 (6-for-20) with two triples and three RBI, while leading the Blue Sox to their second championship in a row.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 615]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069392-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 All-American Girls Professional Baseball League season\nAttendance continued to decline, but no figures are available. For the second consecutive year Battle Creek failed to capture a sustainable fan base. The team would be relocated and renamed Muskegon Belles for the next season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069393-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 All-Big Seven Conference football team\nThe 1952 All-Big Seven Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Big Seven Conference teams for the 1952 college football season. The selectors for the 1952 season included the Associated Press (AP) and the United Press (UP). The AP selected separate offensive and defensive teams in 1952; the UP selected a single 11-man team. Players selected as first-team honorees by both the AP and UP are displayed in bold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069394-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 All-Big Ten Conference football team\nThe 1952 All-Big Ten Conference football team consists of American football players selected to the All-Big Ten Conference teams selected by the Associated Press (AP) and United Press (UP) for the 1952 Big Ten Conference football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069394-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 All-Big Ten Conference football team, Key\nAP = Associated Press, \"selected with the cooperation of conference coaches\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 46], "content_span": [47, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069394-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 All-Big Ten Conference football team, Key\nBold = Consensus first-team selection of the AP and UP", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 46], "content_span": [47, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069395-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship\nThe 1952 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship was the 21st staging of the All-Ireland Minor Football Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county Gaelic football tournament for boys under the age of 18.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069395-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship\nRoscommon entered the championship as defending champions, however, they were defeated in the Connacht Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069395-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship\nOn 29 September 1952, Galway won the championship following a 2-9 to 1-6 defeat of Cavan in the All-Ireland final. This was their first All-Ireland title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069396-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship\nThe 1952 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship was the 22nd staging of the All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1928.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069396-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship\nCork entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Tipperary in the Munster semi-final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069396-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship\nOn 7 September 1952 Tipperary won the championship following a 9-9 to 2-6 defeat of Dublin in the All-Ireland final. This was their seventh All-Ireland title and their first in three championship seasons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069397-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship\nThe 1952 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship was the high point of the 1952 season in Camogie. The championship was won by Dublin who defeated Antrim by a two-point margin in the final. The match was played at Croke Park", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069397-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, Cork's return\nGalway defeated Mayo by 3\u20132 to 3\u20130 in the Connacht final, and lost the semi-final against Dublin 9\u20135 to 0\u20131. Cork returned after their eight-year absence from the championship and duly won the Munster title. Antrim defeated Cork 3\u20132 to 1\u20136 in a semi-final that drew 3,000 followers to Casement Park. Antrim then defeated London by 5-1 to 1-0 to reach the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 59], "content_span": [60, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069397-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, Final\nSophie Brack scored three goals as Dublin defeated Antrim in the final, including Dublin\u2019s winning goal in the last minute for a two-point victory. Kathleen Cody had retired and was replaced by UCD student, Annette Corrigan. The Celtic Club supplied the entire Dublin defence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069398-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship Final\nThe 1952 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship Final was the 21st All-Ireland Final and the deciding match of the 1952 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, an inter-county camogie tournament for the top teams in Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069399-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship\nThe 1952 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship was the 66th staging of Ireland's premier Gaelic football knock-out competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069399-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship\nLimerick play in their last Munster championship game until 1965.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069399-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship\nCavan won their fifth, and so far last, All-Ireland title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069400-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final\nThe 1952 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final was the 65th All-Ireland Final and the deciding match of the 1952 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, an inter-county Gaelic football tournament for the top teams in Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069400-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final, Match 1, Summary\nCavan equalised with a strange point \u2014 Edwin Carolan chased a ball that seemed to go wide, and kicked it across the goalmouth and over the bar. Carolan's equaliser has been described as a \"wonder score\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 69], "content_span": [70, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069400-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final, Match 2, Summary\nMick Higgins's five points won the replay for Cavan, while Peter McDermott (Meath) missed an easy goal chance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069400-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final, Post-match\nCavan have not appeared in an All-Ireland football final since.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 63], "content_span": [64, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069401-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1952 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship was the 66th staging of the All-Ireland hurling championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1887. The championship began on 27 April 1952 and ended on 7 September 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069401-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship\nTipperary were the defending champions and were on course for a record-equalling fourth successive All-Ireland, however, they were defeated in the provincial championship. Cork won the title following a 2-14 to 0-7 defeat of Dublin in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069402-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final\nThe 1952 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final was the 65th All-Ireland Final and the culmination of the 1952 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, an inter-county hurling tournament for the top teams in Ireland. The match was held at Croke Park, Dublin, on 7 September 1952, between Cork and Dublin. The Leinster champions lost to their Munster opponents on a score line of 2-14 to 0-7.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 449]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069403-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 All-Pacific Coast football team\nThe 1952 All-Pacific Coast football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Pacific Coast teams for the 1952 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069403-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 All-Pacific Coast football team, Key\nBold = Consensus first-team selection by at least two of the selectors AP, INS and UP", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 41], "content_span": [42, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069404-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 All-Pro Team\nThe 1952 All-Pro Team consisted of American football players chosen by various selectors for the All-Pro team of the National Football League (NFL) for the 1952 NFL season. Teams were selected by, among others, the Associated Press (AP), the United Press (UP), and the New York Daily News.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069405-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 All-SEC football team\nThe 1952 All-SEC football team consists of American football players selected to the All-Southeastern Conference (SEC) chosen by various selectors for the 1952 college football season. Georgia Tech won the conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069405-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 All-SEC football team, Key\nAP = Associated Press The AP selection had two platoons, but not UP's.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 31], "content_span": [32, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069405-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 All-SEC football team, Key\nBold = Consensus first-team selection by both AP and UP", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 31], "content_span": [32, 87]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069406-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 All-Southern Conference football team\nThe 1952 All-Southern Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by the United Press (UP) for the All-Southern Conference football team for the 1952 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069407-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 All-Southwest Conference football team\nThe 1952 All-Southwest Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Southwest Conference teams for the 1952 college football season. The selectors for the 1952 season included the Associated Press (AP) and the United Press (UP). Players selected as first-team players by both the AP and UP are designated in bold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069407-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 All-Southwest Conference football team, Key\nBold = Consensus first-team selection of both the AP and UP", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 48], "content_span": [49, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069408-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Allan Cup\nThe 1952 Allan Cup was the Canadian national senior ice hockey championship for the 1951-52 Senior \"A\" season. The event was hosted by the Fort Frances Canadians and Fort Frances, Ontario. The 1952 playoff marked the 44th time that the Allan Cup has been awarded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069409-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Amateur World Series\nThe 1952 Amateur World Series was the 13th Amateur World Series. It was held in Havana from September 6 through September 26. Starting this year and continuing until 2007, Cuba would win every Amateur World Series/Baseball World Cup it entered - a run of 20 titles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069410-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Argentine Primera Divisi\u00f3n\nThe 1952 Argentine Primera Divisi\u00f3n was the 61st season of top-flight football in Argentina. The season began on April 6 and ended on November 29.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069410-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Argentine Primera Divisi\u00f3n\nRosario Central returned to Primera while Atlanta was relegated. River Plate won its 10th league title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069411-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Arizona State Sun Devils football team\nThe 1952 Arizona State Sun Devils football team was an American football team that represented Arizona State College (later renamed Arizona State University) in the Border Conference during the 1952 college football season. In their first season under head coach Clyde B. Smith, the Sun Devils compiled a 6\u20133 record (4\u20130 against Border opponents) and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 247 to 121.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069412-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Arizona State\u2013Flagstaff Lumberjacks football team\nThe 1952 Arizona State\u2013Flagstaff Lumberjacks football team was an American football team that represented Arizona State College at Flagstaff (now known as Northern Arizona University) in the Border Conference during the 1952 college football season. In its second year under head coach John Pederson, the team compiled a 2\u20134 record (0\u20131 against conference opponents), was outscored by a total of 121 to 92, and finished last of eight teams in the Border Conference. The team also played New Mexico Highlands and led, 13-7, but the game was declared \"no contest\" after played was halted when the field lights failed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 670]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069412-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Arizona State\u2013Flagstaff Lumberjacks football team\nThe team played its home games at Skidmore Field in Flagstaff, Arizona. Key players included quarterback Howard Miller, a transfer from Orange Coast Junior College, fullback Jim Bryan, halfbacks Branch Gill and Bill Hannah, tackle Marvin Hardis, and ends Frank Cottrell and Frank Gomez.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069413-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Arizona Wildcats football team\nThe 1952 Arizona Wildcats football team represented the University of Arizona in the Border Conference during the 1952 college football season. In their first season under head coach Warren B. Woodson, the Wildcats compiled a 6\u20134 record (3\u20132 against Border opponents) and outscored their opponents, 285 to 155. The team captains were Jim Donarski and Dick Christiansen. The team played its home games in Arizona Stadium in Tucson, Arizona.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069414-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Arizona gubernatorial election\nThe 1952 Arizona gubernatorial election took place on November 4, 1952. Incumbent Governor John Howard Pyle, the first Republican elected to the office in two decades, ran for reelection to a second term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069414-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Arizona gubernatorial election\nJohn Howard Pyle defeated Democratic nominee Joe C. Haldiman by a wide margin, becoming only the second Republican to be reelected to a consecutive term as Governor of Arizona in the state's history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069415-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Arkansas Razorbacks football team\nThe 1952 Arkansas Razorbacks football team represented the University of Arkansas in the Southwest Conference (SWC) during the 1952 college football season. In their third and final year under head coach Otis Douglas, the Razorbacks compiled a 2\u20138 record (1\u20135 against SWC opponents), finished in last place in the SWC, and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 282 to 166.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069416-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Arkansas gubernatorial election\nThe 1952 Arkansas gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069416-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Arkansas gubernatorial election\nIncumbent Democratic Governor Sid McMath was defeated in the Democratic primary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069416-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Arkansas gubernatorial election\nDemocratic nominee Francis Cherry defeated Republican nominee Jefferson W. Speck with 87.41% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069416-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Arkansas gubernatorial election, Primary elections\nPrimary elections were held on July 29, 1952, with the Democratic runoff held on August 12, 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 55], "content_span": [56, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069417-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Army Cadets football team\nThe 1952 Army Cadets football team represented the United States Military Academy during the 1952 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069418-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Arrest Convention\nThe 1952 Arrest Convention (full title: International Convention for the unification of certain rules relating to Arrest of Sea-going Ships) is a 1952 multilateral treaty whereby states agree to rules on the arrest of ships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069418-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Arrest Convention\nBy the Convention, states agree to the following rule: a state agrees to allow a foreign jurisdiction to arrest a ship of its nationality that is present in the foreign jurisdiction's port. The arrest can be made only after a warrant of arrest is issued in the domestic jurisdiction of the port state. The rules of the Convention apply only if both the state of nationality and the state performing the arrest are state parties to the Convention.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069418-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Arrest Convention\nThe Convention was concluded and signed on 10 May 1952 in Brussels, Belgium; it entered into force on 24 February 1956. It has been signed by 19 states and is in force in 71 jurisdictions. Spain, an original signatory of the Convention, denounced it in 2011. The depositary of the Convention is the government of Belgium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069418-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Arrest Convention\n(The French title is Convention internationale pour l'unification de certaines r\u00e8gles sur la saisie conservatoire des navires de mer.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069418-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Arrest Convention, Arrest Convention 1999\nIn 1999, the International Convention on Arrest of Ships was concluded. The intent of the International Maritime Organization is that the 1999 Convention will come to replace the 1952 Convention, but as of 2014 the 1999 Convention has only 11 state parties. It entered into force on 14 September 2011.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 46], "content_span": [47, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069419-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Ashfield state by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Ashfield on 28 June 1952 because of the resignation of Athol Richardson (Liberal) who had accepted an appointment as a Judge of the Supreme Court.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069419-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Ashfield state by-election, Result\nThe retiring member Athol Richardson (Liberal) was not related to Jack Richardson (Labor) who capitalised on their surnames, campaigning on the slogan \u201cJudge Richardson on his merits\u201d.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 39], "content_span": [40, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069420-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Assam Legislative Assembly election\nElections to the Assam Legislative Assembly were held on March 27, 1952. This election was officially known as the 1951 Assam Legislative Assembly election, even though through delays, actual voting didn't take place until early 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069420-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Assam Legislative Assembly election, Constituencies\nAssam Legislative Assembly, 1952 consisted of 81 single-member constituencies and 13 double-member constituencies. A total of 590 nominations were filed out of which 61 were rejected and 74 withdrew their nominations. So a total of 455 candidates contested the first legislative assembly elections in Assam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 56], "content_span": [57, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069420-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Assam Legislative Assembly election, Political Parties\n9 National parties along with 10 registered unrecognized parties took part in the assembly election. Indian National Congress contested 92 seats and won 76 of them. Independent candidates won 14 seats while no other party cross double-digit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 59], "content_span": [60, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069421-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Atlantic hurricane season\nThe 1952 Atlantic hurricane season was the last Atlantic hurricane season in which tropical cyclones were named using the Joint Army/Navy Phonetic Alphabet. It was a near normal Atlantic hurricane season, although it was the least active since 1946. The season officially started on June\u00a015; however, a pre-season unnamed storm formed on Groundhog Day, becoming the only storm on record in the month of February. The other six tropical cyclones were named using the Joint Army/Navy Phonetic Alphabet, the first of which formed on August\u00a018. The final storm of the season dissipated on October\u00a028, two and a half weeks before the season officially ended on November\u00a015.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 699]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069421-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Atlantic hurricane season\nFour of the tropical cyclones made landfall during the season, the first being the February tropical storm that crossed southern Florida. The first hurricane, named Able, struck South Carolina with winds of 100\u00a0mph (160\u00a0km/h), causing heavy damage near the coast and widespread power outages. It moved up most of the East Coast of the United States, leaving 3\u00a0deaths and widespread damage. As a developing tropical cyclone, Hurricane Charlie caused damaging flooding and landslides in southwest Puerto Rico. The final and strongest of the season, Hurricane Fox, struck Cuba with winds of 145\u00a0mph (233\u00a0km/h); it killed 600\u00a0people and left heavy damage, particularly to the sugar crop, reaching $10\u00a0million (1952\u00a0USD, $97.5\u00a0million 2021\u00a0USD).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 771]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069421-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm One\nOn February\u00a02, a non-frontal low formed in the western Caribbean Sea two months after the end of the hurricane season. It moved quickly north-northwestward and acquired gale-force winds as it brushed the northern coast of Cuba. Early on February\u00a03, the storm struck Cape Sable, Florida and quickly crossed the state. The Miami National Weather Service office recorded a wind gust of 68\u00a0mph (110\u00a0km/h) during its passage. The winds damaged windows and power lines, catching residents and tourists off-guard. The cyclone also dropped 2\u20134\u00a0inches (50\u2013100\u00a0mm) of precipitation along its path, causing crop damage in Miami-Dade County.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 689]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069421-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm One\nAfter leaving Florida, the storm briefly transitioned into a tropical storm on February\u00a03, the only tropical or subtropical storm on record in the month. The storm continued rapidly northeastward, reaching peak winds of 70\u00a0mph (110\u00a0km/h). On February\u00a04 it evolved into an extratropical cyclone off the coast of North Carolina. Later that day, it passed over Cape Cod, and early on February\u00a05 dissipated after crossing into Maine. The storm caused scattered power outages and gusty winds across New England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 566]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069421-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Able\nOver six months after the previous storm dissipated, a tropical depression developed just off the west coast of Africa on August\u00a018. It moved generally west- to west-northwestward for much of its duration, intensifying into a tropical storm on August\u00a024 east of the Lesser Antilles. The next day, Hurricane Hunters confirmed the presence of Tropical Storm Able. Passing north of the islands, the storm attained hurricane status on August\u00a027.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069421-0004-0001", "contents": "1952 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Able\nOn August\u00a030, Able turned to the north-northwest due to an approaching cold front, and the next day made landfall near Beaufort, South Carolina as a Category 2 hurricane with peak winds of 100\u00a0mph (155\u00a0km/h). The town was heavily damaged, and was briefly isolated after winds downed power and telephone lines. Across South Carolina, the hurricane caused two indirect deaths, as well as moderate damage totaling $2.2\u00a0million (1952\u00a0USD, $21.4\u00a0million 2021\u00a0USD).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069421-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Able\nAs Able turned north and northeastward over land, the winds quickly weakened to tropical storm force, although it retained gale force winds through North Carolina, Virginia, and Maryland; this was due to remaining over the flat terrain east of the Appalachian Mountains, as well as retaining a plume of tropical moisture from its south. It left light damage in North Carolina, some of it due to a tornado. In Maryland, heavy rainfall caused widespread flooding, which washed out the tracks of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad near Baltimore.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069421-0005-0001", "contents": "1952 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Able\nIn Ellicott City, Maryland, the rains flooded several houses, forcing families to evacuate. Two tornadoes were also reported in the region, and damage in the Washington, D.C. area reached $500,000 (1952\u00a0USD, $4.87\u00a0million 2021\u00a0USD). Further northeast, the storm continued to produce heavy rainfall, causing flooding, as well as one indirect death in Pennsylvania. After moving through New England, Able dissipated on September\u00a02 near Portland, Maine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069421-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Three\nA cold front was located north of the Bahamas on August\u00a026, with a broad area of cyclonic turning located east of northern Florida. Atmospheric pressures were falling in the region, and gale force winds were recorded by 12:00\u00a0UTC on August\u00a027. Based on the structure, it is estimated that the frontal low developed into a tropical storm by 18:00\u00a0UTC that day. Ship reports in the region suggested peak winds of 50\u00a0mph (85\u00a0km/h).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 61], "content_span": [62, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069421-0006-0001", "contents": "1952 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Three\nThere was very dry air on the west side of the system, unusual for August, and the radius of maximum winds was around 115\u00a0mi (185\u00a0km), suggesting that the structure could have been akin to a subtropical cyclone. The storm continued to the northwest, making landfall very near Myrtle Beach, South Carolina at 02:00\u00a0UTC on August\u00a028. It spread rainfall across the Carolinas, later enhanced by Hurricane Able just days later, while cities reported winds of around 35\u00a0mph (55\u00a0km/h). The storm weakened over land and dissipated late on August\u00a028 over eastern Kentucky.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 61], "content_span": [62, 625]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069421-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Baker\nThe third tropical cyclone of the season developed on August\u00a031 a short distance east of the northern Lesser Antilles. Its presence was reported by a ship the next day that encountered rough seas and gale force winds. As a result, the Weather Bureau sent the Hurricane Hunters to investigate the system, which reported a strengthening hurricane moving northwestward. Given the name Baker, the hurricane passed north of the Lesser Antilles, reaching peak winds of 110\u00a0mph (175\u00a0km/h) late on September\u00a03. For several days, the Hurricane Hunters reported similar winds, along with gusts up to 140\u00a0mph (230\u00a0km/h).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 666]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069421-0008-0000", "contents": "1952 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Baker\nWith a large anticyclone located over the Ohio Valley, Baker turned to the northeast on September\u00a05, passing about halfway between Bermuda and North Carolina. The hurricane slowly weakened as it moved through the north Atlantic Ocean, just missing Newfoundland while maintaining winds of 80\u00a0mph (130\u00a0km/h). Wind gusts on Avalon Peninsula reached 70\u00a0mph (110\u00a0km/h), and heavy fishing damage was reported in Lower Island Cove. After affecting the island, Baker transitioned into an extratropical storm, which lasted another day before dissipating south of Greenland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 621]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069421-0009-0000", "contents": "1952 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Five\nA dissipating cold front stalled across the northeastern Atlantic Ocean on September\u00a07, northeast of the Azores. That day, a closed circulation developed and quickly became independent of the front. Based on a uniform thermal structure, as well as ship reports in the region of gale-force winds near the center, it is estimated that the system became a tropical storm early on September\u00a08. Forming at a latitude of 42.0\u00b0N, this system is notable for being the northernmost forming tropical cyclone in the Atlantic hurricane database, dating back to 1851.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 60], "content_span": [61, 615]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069421-0010-0000", "contents": "1952 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Five\nThe system moved west-southwestward, atypical for cyclones in that region during September. On September\u00a09, the storm turned to the southeast, reaching estimated peak winds of 50\u00a0mph (85\u00a0km/h), based on ship observations. Moving slowly through the northern Azores, the storm produced winds of 35\u00a0mph (55\u00a0km/h) along Terceira Island. It slowly weakened, and by late on September\u00a010 the system degraded into a tropical depression. By the next day, the system was interacting with an approaching cold front, indicating that the depression had transitioned into an extratropical cyclone. Around 20:00\u00a0UTC, the storm moved ashore the southwestern tip of Portugal with gale-force winds. The storm turned to the northeast through the Iberian Peninsula, dissipating on September\u00a014 over southwestern France.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 60], "content_span": [61, 860]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069421-0011-0000", "contents": "1952 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Charlie\nOn September\u00a022, a tropical wave moved into the eastern Caribbean Sea, spawning a tropical depression near Hispaniola early on September\u00a024. As it tracked west-northwestward, the low dropped heavy rainfall, peaking at 4.42\u00a0in (112\u00a0mm) in Christiansted, United States Virgin Islands, as well as 11.9\u00a0in (300\u00a0mm) in Garzas, Puerto Rico. In Puerto Rico, the rains caused landslides that affected seven towns, notably Ponce, the island's second-largest city. There, at least 14\u00a0buildings were destroyed. The floods left more than 1,000\u00a0people homeless, 300 of whom took refuge in a Red Cross shelter. Overall, the flooding on the island killed four people and left moderate damage of around $1\u00a0million (1952\u00a0USD, $9.75\u00a0million 2021\u00a0USD).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 58], "content_span": [59, 792]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069421-0012-0000", "contents": "1952 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Charlie\nAfter affecting Puerto Rico, the low continued to organize, and subsequently struck the Dominican Republic on September\u00a023. The circulation became disrupted while crossing Hispaniola, although it reorganized near the Turks and Caicos Islands and became Tropical Storm Charlie before reaching those islands. On September\u00a025, Charlie attained hurricane status,, and due to its continued northwest motion, the Weather Bureau advised small craft to remain at port in the southeastern United States coast. However, the hurricane turned to the north and northeast on September\u00a026, during which the Hurricane Hunters recorded peak winds of 120\u00a0mph (195\u00a0km/h).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 58], "content_span": [59, 711]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069421-0012-0001", "contents": "1952 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Charlie\nIt briefly threatened Bermuda, prompting the United States Air Force to evacuate its fleet of airplanes from Kindley Air Force Base. Charlie ultimately northwest of Bermuda, and later began weakening. On September\u00a029 it turned eastward, and later that day transitioned into an extratropical cyclone. The remnants lasted two more days before dissipating 400\u00a0mi (640\u00a0km) southeast of Newfoundland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 58], "content_span": [59, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069421-0013-0000", "contents": "1952 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Dog\nOn September\u00a018, a tropical wave exited the west coast of Africa, which spawned a tropical cyclone east of the Lesser Antilles on September\u00a024. The system quickly intensified and was given the name Dog. The storm moved northwestward for its entire duration. On September\u00a026, Hurricane Hunters observed winds of 78\u00a0mph (126\u00a0km/h), with gusts to 100\u00a0mph (160\u00a0km/h), although they were unable to locate a closed center of circulation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069421-0013-0001", "contents": "1952 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Dog\nOperationally, Dog was upgraded to hurricane status, but a reanalysis in 2015 downgraded the storm to a peak intensity of 70\u00a0mph (110\u00a0km/h), making it a strong tropical storm. Dog began weakening on September\u00a027, and over the next few days the circulation lost its definition. On September\u00a029, Dog weakened to a tropical depression, and dissipated the next day. The Weather Bureau advised ships to avoid the storm, but overall Dog did not affect land.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069421-0014-0000", "contents": "1952 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Eight\nOn September\u00a024, a tropical wave moved off the west coast of Africa. It is estimated that a closed circulation developed on the next day, suggesting the formation of a tropical depression. On September\u00a026, Santiago island within Cape Verde recorded winds of 30\u00a0mph (45\u00a0km/h) as the system was passing to the southwest. A minimum pressure of 1,000\u00a0mbar (30\u00a0inHg) and ship reports of 35\u00a0mph (55\u00a0km/h) winds indicate that the system reached peak winds of 45\u00a0mph (75\u00a0km/h), or a minimal tropical storm. It turned to the north on September\u00a027 and likely weakened, although observations were sparse. By September\u00a030, the system lost its circulation and degenerated into an open trough.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 61], "content_span": [62, 741]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069421-0015-0000", "contents": "1952 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Easy\nOn October\u00a06, a tropical depression formed about 700\u00a0mi (1,100\u00a0km) east of Antigua, near where Tropical Storm Dog developed a week prior. The depression proceeded northward, and was detected by the Hurricane Hunters on October\u00a07 as a strengthening tropical storm. On that basis, the storm was named Easy. On October\u00a08, the Hurricane Hunters observed a 26\u00a0mi (46\u00a0km) eye and wind gusts to 115\u00a0mph (185\u00a0km/h). On that basis, Easy was upgraded to a hurricane with peak winds of 105\u00a0mph (165\u00a0km/h).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 550]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069421-0015-0001", "contents": "1952 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Easy\nBy that time, the hurricane had turned sharply to the east, and later began to move toward the south. As quickly as it strengthened, Easy began to weaken, and an aircraft reported winds of only 48\u00a0mph (77\u00a0km/h) on October\u00a09. The storm headed southwest, ultimately dissipating on October\u00a011 about 155\u00a0mi (249\u00a0km) southwest of where it formed. Easy never affected land.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069421-0016-0000", "contents": "1952 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Fox\nThe strongest tropical cyclone of the season formed on October\u00a020 in the Caribbean Sea off the northwest coast of Colombia, believed to have been from the Intertropical Convergence Zone. It moved northwestward, intensifying into a tropical storm on October\u00a021 and a hurricane the following day. Fox subsequently turned to the north, intensifying to a major hurricane as it passed west of the Cayman Islands. Late on October 24, the cyclone struck the small island of Cayo Guano del Estes in the Archipelago de los Canarreos, south of Cienfuegos, Cuba. It struck the island with peak winds of 145\u00a0mph (230\u00a0km/h), and the island reported a minimum pressure of 934\u00a0mbar (27.59\u00a0inHg). Shortly thereafter, Fox crossed the mainland coast of Cuba west of Cienfuegos, and it weakened while crossing the island.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 857]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069421-0017-0000", "contents": "1952 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Fox\nHurricane Fox crossed Cuba in a rural area dominated by sugar plantations, with heavy damage reported to 36\u00a0mills. In one town, the hurricane destroyed about 600\u00a0homes and damaged over 1,000\u00a0more. Across the island, the strongest winds downed large trees and washed a large freighter ashore. Heavy rainfall affected all but the extreme eastern and western end of the island, with a peak of 6.84\u00a0in (174\u00a0mm) near Havana. The rains flooded low-lying areas and caused rivers to exceed their banks. Throughout Cuba, Hurricane Fox killed 600 people, and left behind heavy damage totaling $10\u00a0million (1952\u00a0USD, $97.5\u00a0million 2021\u00a0USD). Fox was among the strongest hurricanes to strike the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 747]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069421-0018-0000", "contents": "1952 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Fox\nAfter crossing Cuba, Fox emerged into the Atlantic Ocean with winds of 100\u00a0mph (160\u00a0km/h), crossing central Andros and turning eastward though the Bahamas. On New Providence, the hurricane dropped 13.27\u00a0in (337\u00a0mm) of rainfall, Strong winds caused severe crop damage, leaving 30% of the tomato crop destroyed. After briefly restrengthening to a major hurricane, Fox began a steady weakening trend. It turned abruptly to the north-northwest, followed by another turn to the northeast. On October\u00a028, Fox was absorbed by a cold front west-southwest of Bermuda.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 613]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069421-0019-0000", "contents": "1952 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Eleven\nA cold front stalled north of the Virgin Islands on November\u00a023, spawning an extratropical storm the next day. The system strengthened while moving northward, attaining gale force winds on November\u00a025. It was a large system, and a ship in the vicinity reported a pressure of 994\u00a0mbar (29.4\u00a0inHg). The observation, within a warm environment and in concurrence with gale force winds, suggested that the system became a tropical storm on November\u00a026, although the system likely was a subtropical cyclone due to the structure.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 585]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069421-0019-0001", "contents": "1952 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Eleven\nTurning to the west-northwest along a dissipating cold front, the storm reached peak winds of 60\u00a0mph (95\u00a0km/h) on November\u00a027. Another front in the region steered the storm to the south and east in a counterclockwise circle. Weakening slightly, the system briefly transitioned into an extratropical storm on November\u00a030 before dissipating later that day within the front.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069421-0020-0000", "contents": "1952 Atlantic hurricane season, Storm names\nThese names were used to name storms during the 1952 season, the third and final time storm names were taken from the Joint Army/Navy Phonetic Alphabet. Names that were not used to designate tropical cyclones are marked in gray.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 43], "content_span": [44, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069422-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Auburn Tigers football team\nThe 1952 Auburn Tigers football team represented Auburn University in the 1952 college football season. It was the Tigers' 61st overall and 20th season as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The team was led by head coach Ralph \"Shug\" Jordan, in his second year, and played their home games at Cliff Hare Stadium in Auburn, Legion Field in Birmingham and Ladd Memorial Stadium in Mobile, Alabama. They finished with a record of two wins and eight losses (2\u20138 overall, 0\u20137 in the SEC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069423-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Australia rugby union tour of New Zealand\nThe 1952 Australia rugby union tour of New Zealand was a series of 10 rugby union matches played by \"Wallabies\" in 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069423-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Australia rugby union tour of New Zealand\nThe test series was won tied with a victory for Australia and one for New Zealand", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069424-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Australian Championships\nThe 1952 Australian Championships was a tennis tournament that took place on outdoor Grass courts at the Memorial Drive, Adelaide, Australia from 19 January to 28 January. It was the 40th edition of the Australian Championships (now known as the Australian Open), the 10th held in Adelaide, and the first Grand Slam tournament of the year. The singles titles were won by Australians Ken McGregor and Thelma Coyne Long.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069424-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Australian Championships, Finals, Men's Doubles\nKen McGregor /  Frank Sedgman defeated  Don Candy /  Mervyn Rose 6\u20134, 7\u20135, 6\u20133", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 52], "content_span": [53, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069424-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Australian Championships, Finals, Women's Doubles\nThelma Coyne Long /  Nancye Wynne Bolton  defeated  Alison Burton Baker /  Mary Bevis Hawton 6\u20131, 6\u20131", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 54], "content_span": [55, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069424-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Australian Championships, Finals, Mixed Doubles\nThelma Coyne Long /  George Worthington defeated  Gwen Thiele /  Tom Warhurst 9\u20137, 7\u20135", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 52], "content_span": [53, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069425-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Australian Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nFourth-seeded Ken McGregor defeated Frank Sedgman 7\u20135, 12\u201310, 2\u20136, 6\u20132 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1952 Australian Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069425-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Australian Championships \u2013 Men's Singles, Seeds\nThe seeded players are listed below. Ken McGregor is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 52], "content_span": [53, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069426-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Australian Championships \u2013 Women's Singles\nSecond-seeded Thelma Long defeated Helen Angwin 6\u20132, 6\u20133 in the final to win the Women's Singles tennis title at the 1952 Australian Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069426-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Australian Championships \u2013 Women's Singles, Seeds\nThe seeded players are listed below. Thelma Long is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 54], "content_span": [55, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069427-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Australian Grand Prix\nThe 1952 Australian Grand Prix was a Formula Libre motor race held at the Mount Panorama Circuit near Bathurst, in New South Wales, Australia on 14 April 1952. The race had 43 starters and was held over 38 laps of the six kilometre circuit, a total distance of 235 kilometres. A crowd of 15,000 watched the race, which was organised by the Australian Sporting Car Club.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069427-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Australian Grand Prix\nThe race, which is recognised by the Confederation of Australian Motor Sport as the seventeenth Australian Grand Prix, was won by Doug Whiteford driving a Talbot-Lago T26C Formula One car. It was Whiteford's second Australian Grand Prix victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069427-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Australian Grand Prix, Classification\nNote: Competitors still running when the winner completed the race were allowed to continue racing until the race time limit flag was shown. Nine cars completed the full race distance and a further eight were \"flagged off\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 42], "content_span": [43, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069427-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Australian Grand Prix, Handicap\nThe race incorporated a concurrent handicap award which was won by Harry Monday (Mercury Special), 12 seconds ahead of Doug Whiteford. Minor placings were taken by Bill Murray, Clive Adams and David McKay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 36], "content_span": [37, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069427-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Australian Grand Prix, Handicap\nThis was to be the last Australian Grand Prix to include a handicap section.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 36], "content_span": [37, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069428-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 BYU Cougars football team\nThe 1952 BYU Cougars football team was an American football team that represented Brigham Young University in the Skyline Conference during the 1952 college football season. In their fourth season under head coach Chick Atkinson, the Cougars compiled a 4\u20136 record (3\u20134 against Skyline opponents), finished fifth in the Skyline, and were outscored by a total of 240 to 154.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069428-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 BYU Cougars football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Reed Stolworthy with 436 rushing yards and Dick Felt with 42 points scored. Felt set a BYU record that still stands with four touchdowns in the fourth quarter against San Jose State on November 7, 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069429-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Ball State Cardinals football team\nThe 1952 Ball State Cardinals football team was an American football team that represented Ball State Teachers College (later renamed Ball State University) in the Indiana Collegiate Conference (ICC) during the 1952 college football season. In its 17th and final season under head coach John Magnabosco, the team compiled a 3\u20135\u20131 record and finished in fourth place out of six teams in the ICC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069430-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting\nElections to the Baseball Hall of Fame for 1952 followed the same rules as 1951. The Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) voted once by mail to select from major league players retired less than 25 year and elected two, Harry Heilmann and Paul Waner. Meanwhile, the Old-Timers Committee, with jurisdiction over earlier players and other figures, did not meet. A formal induction ceremony was held in Cooperstown, New York, on July 21, 1952, with Commissioner of Baseball Ford Frick and National League president Warren Giles in attendance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 588]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069430-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, BBWAA election\nThe 10-year members of the BBWAA had the authority to select any players active in 1927 or later, provided they had not been active in 1951. Voters were instructed to cast votes for 10 candidates; any candidate receiving votes on at least 75% of the ballots would be honored with induction to the Hall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069430-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, BBWAA election\nA total of 234 ballots were cast, with 2,186 individual votes for 75 specific candidates, an average of 9.34 per ballot; 176 votes were required for election. The two candidates who received at least 75% of the vote and were elected are indicated in bold italics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069431-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Basque Pelota World Championships\nThe 1952 Basque Pelota World Championships were the 1st edition of the Basque Pelota World Championships organized by  the FIPV.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069431-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Basque Pelota World Championships, Events\nA total of 17 events were disputed, in 5 playing areas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 46], "content_span": [47, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069432-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Baylor Bears football team\nThe 1952 Baylor Bears football team represented Baylor University in the 1952 college football season. They finished with a 4-4-2 record and placed fifth in the Southwest Conference for the year. Four players \u2013 Jack Sisco (Center), Robert Knowles (Tackle), Bill Athey (Guard) and Jerry Coody (Back) \u2013 were selected as All-Conference players.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069433-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Belfast South by-election\nThe Belfast South by-election, 1952 was held following the resignation of Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) Member of Parliament, Hugh Gage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069433-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Belfast South by-election, History\nBelfast South had consistently elected UUP members since its recreation in 1922, and no Irish nationalist had even stood in the seat in that period. The opposition came from the labour movement. Gage had first won the seat at the 1945 general election, but he faced opponents from both the Commonwealth Labour Party (CWLP) and the Northern Ireland Labour Party (NILP), who, between them, had taken 48% of the vote. The CWLP had merged with the UUP in 1947, so by the 1950 general election, Gage was able to take three-quarters of the vote, the rest going to a NILP opponent. The vote shares barely changed at the 1951 general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 675]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069433-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Belfast South by-election, Candidates\nThe UUP selected David Campbell, while the NILP opted to stand their party secretary, Sam Napier. Napier had stood for the Northern Ireland House of Commons twice, for North Down in 1949 and for the Queen's University of Belfast in 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069433-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Belfast South by-election, Result\nThe by-election was held on 4 November 1952. Campbell easily won the seat, taking more than three-quarters of the votes, in a near repeat of the result of the two previous general elections. He held the seat until his death in 1963.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 38], "content_span": [39, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069434-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Belgian Grand Prix\nThe 1952 Belgian Grand Prix was a Formula Two race held on 22 June 1952 at Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps. It was race 3 of 8 in the 1952 World Championship of Drivers, in which each Grand Prix was run to Formula Two rules rather than the Formula One regulations normally used.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069434-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Belgian Grand Prix, Report\nMaserati's new A6GCM was still not ready, and, to compound this, their lead driver Juan Manuel Fangio had suffered back injuries at the non-championship Monza Grand Prix. This meant that Ferrari were once again favoured for success in the race, with their driver lineup consisting of Alberto Ascari (in place of Andr\u00e9 Simon), Nino Farina and Piero Taruffi. There were also two privateer Ferrari entries: local driver Charles de Tornaco of Ecurie Francorchamps, and Louis Rosier. The Gordini team expanded their lineup to include Belgian driver Johnny Claes, alongside Behra, Manzon and Bira.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 623]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069434-0001-0001", "contents": "1952 Belgian Grand Prix, Report\nAmerican Robert O'Brien also drove a Simca-Gordini for this race. HWM also recruited a pair of Belgian drivers \u2014 Paul Fr\u00e8re and Roger Laurent \u2014 who raced alongside regular drivers Peter Collins and Lance Macklin. Stirling Moss switched from HWM to ERA for this race. A handful of other privateer entrants also took part, including future World Champion Mike Hawthorn, who made his debut in a Cooper-Bristol.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069434-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Belgian Grand Prix, Report\nAscari headed an all-Ferrari front row, with teammates Farina and Taruffi in second and third, respectively. The Gordinis of Manzon and Behra made up row two, while the third row consisted of Hawthorn, Ken Wharton (in a Frazer-Nash), and Fr\u00e8re, who was the highest qualifier of the five Belgian drivers on the grid.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069434-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Belgian Grand Prix, Report\nTaruffi started badly in the rain, dropping to ninth by the end of the first lap, while Behra overhauled the two leading Ferraris to take the lead of the race. Moss also started well, before his car broke down half way through the first lap. Behra's lead was short-lived, as both Ascari and Farina overtook him on the second lap, subsequently holding first and second for the remainder of the race. Behra dropped to fourth when the recovering Taruffi passed him on lap 13. On the following lap Taruffi spun at Malm\u00e9dy and Behra hit him, causing both to retire. Manzon overtook Hawthorn to assume what was now third place. Despite suffering from fuel leakage problems, Hawthorn was able to maintain fourth place until the end of the race. His fellow debutant Paul Fr\u00e8re also finished in the points, in fifth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 839]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069434-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Belgian Grand Prix, Report\nAscari's win (with fastest lap), and Taruffi's retirement, meant that the two now shared the lead of the Championship, on nine points each. Indianapolis 500 winner Troy Ruttman was in third, while Farina's second-place finish raised him to fourth in the standings, three points adrift of the joint Championship leaders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069435-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Belgian motorcycle Grand Prix\nThe 1952 Belgian motorcycle Grand Prix was the fourth race of the 1952 Motorcycle Grand Prix season. It took place on the weekend of 6 July 1952 at the Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069436-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Bermuda air crash\nThe 1952 Bermuda air crash occurred on 6 December 1952, when a Douglas DC-4, registered CU-T397 and operated by Cubana de Aviaci\u00f3n, flying from Madrid to Havana, crashed into the Atlantic Ocean following a refuelling stop at Kindley Air Force Base in Bermuda. There were 33 passengers and 8 crew on board the aircraft. The flight arrived at Kindley Air Force Base at 03:30. After an hour's stopover spent refuelling the aircraft, the DC-4 departed; at 04:45, during the initial climb, the aircraft stalled, lost height and crashed tail first into the sea. The accident killed 37 passengers and crew; three passengers and a crew-member survived the crash, and were rescued shortly after the crash.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 719]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069436-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Bermuda air crash\nBermuda's Director of Civil Aviation, E. M. Ware, said at the time that the take-off apparently had been normal. It is believed no message came from the plane before it plunged into the sea, probably while still pushing the engines hard to gain altitude. Four survivors were taken to the Kindley base hospital.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069436-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Bermuda air crash\nThe cause of the accident was not determined; it remains the worst aviation accident in Bermudian history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069437-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Bhopal Legislative Assembly election\nElections to the Bhopal Legislative Assembly were held on 27 March 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069437-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Bhopal Legislative Assembly election, Constituencies\nThe Bhopal Legislative Assembly consisted of 30 seats distributed in seven two-member constituencies and sixteen single-member constituencies. Total 91 contestants were in fray for these 30 seats. Silwani legislative assembly had the maximum number of contestants (8 candidates), while Ichhawar had the minimum contestants (only 1 candidate, which was elected unopposed).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 57], "content_span": [58, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069437-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Bhopal Legislative Assembly election, Political Parties\n4 National parties along with Kisan Mazdoor Mandal took part in the assembly election. Indian National Congress emerged as the single largest party while no other party cross the double digit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 60], "content_span": [61, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069437-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Bhopal Legislative Assembly election, State Reorganization and Merger\nOn 1 November 1956, Bhopal State was merged into Madhya Pradesh under States Reorganisation Act, 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 74], "content_span": [75, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069438-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Bible Conference (Adventist)\nThe 1952 Bible Conference was a Seventh-day Adventist conference in the Sligo Church in Takoma Park, Maryland from September 1\u201313, 1952. There were 498 people listed as attending this meeting with worldwide representation (with at least 3 people from every division of the General Conference). From published reports it appears that there were on average 450 people in attendance during the presentations. The Conference was the second major Bible Conference held by Adventists during the twentieth century, and the next major meeting of its kind after the 1919 Bible Conference. According to the then General Conference president, W. H. Branson, these meetings were regarded as \"one of the most important meetings in our history.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 765]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069438-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Bible Conference (Adventist), Reasons for the Conference\nIn 1943, Seventh-day Adventist college bible teachers formed the Bible Research Fellowship. According to Raymond Cottrell, secretary for the fellowship, a misunderstanding of the group's relationship to the church led to its discontinuation and to the \"official\" 1952 Bible Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 61], "content_span": [62, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069438-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Bible Conference (Adventist), Reasons for the Conference\nIn the July 1952 issue of Ministry magazine, W. H. Branson, President of the General Conference, listed three reasons for the bible conference:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 61], "content_span": [62, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069438-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Bible Conference (Adventist), Conference Structure\nThere were 82 presentations with a devotional lecture each day at noon; Sabbath (Saturday) programs were open to the public. The meeting commenced with a communion service on Friday afternoon and a \"revival\" church service on Sabbath led by the former General Conference (GC) president, J. L. McElhany. The sessions were chaired by the General Conference president, W. H. Branson, and fellow GC Vice-presidents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 55], "content_span": [56, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069438-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Bible Conference (Adventist), Planning Committee\nA planning committee of 23 members asked participants to present. Potential speakers were asked to write up their presentations and submit them to the committee. They were then \"preached\" (as opposed to reading them). In only a \"few\" cases were individuals asked to leave things out of their prepared presentations, and most of the suggestions were given to help avoid repetition among presenters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 53], "content_span": [54, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069438-0004-0001", "contents": "1952 Bible Conference (Adventist), Planning Committee\nThe planning committee consisted of W. H. Branson, L. K. Dickson, E. D. Dick, H. L. Rudy, A. V. Olson, R. R. Figuhr, W. B. Ochs, R. A. Anderson, C. L. Torrey, D. E. Rebok, L. E. Froom, W. A. Spicer, Glenn Calkins, E. E. Cossentine, J. E. Weaver, M. V. Campbell, L. L. Moffitt, T. H. Jemison, W. E. Read, F. D. Nichol, M. L. Rice, F. H. Yost, and C. L. Bauer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 53], "content_span": [54, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069438-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Bible Conference (Adventist), Planning Committee\nSeventh-day Adventist leaders set a goal to double church membership from 1950 to 1953. Therefore, revival was needed among church leaders to help further this evangelistic goal. It was furthermore believed that because a whole new generation of leaders had \"come on the scene of action\" that they would benefit by a series of revival meetings centered on Bible study. Furthermore, a re-examination of docrinal positions would help \"make sure that they are setting forth the truth in a way that most fully explains the meaning of the times.\".\" In addition, events surrounding World War II caused Adventist prophetic expositors to re-examine some points of prophetic exposition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 53], "content_span": [54, 731]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069438-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 Bible Conference (Adventist), Highlights and Analysis\nSiegfried H. Horn spoke several times at the conference. The year before, he had received a Ph.D. in Egyptology from the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. He studied briefly under William F. Albright. Two of Horn's presentations have been preserved as audio recordings. He provided a review of archaeological discoveries relevant to the biblical record and reported recent discoveries in both archaeology and palaeography, a few of which he gave eye-witness accounts. In the first of the two published volumes of the conference, fifty-five pages cover his report.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 637]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069438-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 Bible Conference (Adventist), Highlights and Analysis\nAnother significant lecture was given by W. E. Read on the topic of Armageddon. His lecture represented a dramatic shift in Adventist eschatology. During and prior to World War II Adventists had interpreted Armageddon as a battle between the Oriental and Western nations. Read argued that the battle of Armageddon was instead a battle between the forces of good and evil. This position has since become an accepted stance in the denomination.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069438-0008-0000", "contents": "1952 Bible Conference (Adventist), Highlights and Analysis\nSeveral presentations focused on attacks by Bible critics. According to Francis D. Nichol, one of the leaders of the conference, Adventists needed to take \"these very missiles that are so confidently hurled at them . . . [ and]  even more confidently hurled [them] back at the Bible critic.\" In this light, several presentations focused on recent archaeological discoveries as \"evidence for Bible inspiration.\".\" Study was also given to the relation of \"science to Adventist faith.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 541]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069438-0009-0000", "contents": "1952 Bible Conference (Adventist), Highlights and Analysis\nEdward Heppenstall's presentations on the Two Covenants became the normative interpretation on the topic in the denomination to the present day. Heppenstall emphasized the importance of the heart in obeying the Ten Commandments a view taught by Ellen G. White. Early Adventists had tended to emphasized legalism (i.e. \"obey and live\") and during the early twentieth-century had felt the influence of the dispensationalist view of the covenants (old covenant belonged to the Old Testament). Heppenstall re-emphasized the church belief, that the old and New Covenants are part of an everlasting covenant.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 661]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069438-0010-0000", "contents": "1952 Bible Conference (Adventist), Legacy\nShortly after the Bible Conference, the Biblical Research Committee was founded by the General Conference. This new organization was created to encourage biblical research and to provide guidance to those who have new biblical ideas. The committee was chaired by W. E. Read until 1956 and has become the Biblical Research Institute.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 41], "content_span": [42, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069438-0011-0000", "contents": "1952 Bible Conference (Adventist), Legacy\nThe 1952 Bible Conference, according to Cottrell, opened the way for new scholarly projects like the Seventh-day Adventist Bible Commentary (published 1953-1957) and Problems in Bible Translation (1954).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 41], "content_span": [42, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069438-0012-0000", "contents": "1952 Bible Conference (Adventist), Research\nThe edited transcripts of the 1952 Conference were published as Our Firm Foundation. In addition, the recordings of the Bible Conference have recently been conserved and digitized at the Loma Linda University Archives & Special Collections. They are also available at Adventist Archives.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069439-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Big Ten Conference football season\nThe 1952 Big Ten Conference football season was the 57th season of college football played by the member schools of the Big Ten Conference (also known as the Western Conference and the Big Nine Conference) and was a part of the 1952 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069439-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Big Ten Conference football season\nThe 1952 Wisconsin Badgers football team, under head coach Ivy Williamson, compiled a 6\u20133\u20131 record, tied for the Big Ten championship, was ranked No. 10 in the final UP poll and No. 11 in the final AP poll, and lost to USC in the 1953 Rose Bowl. Tackle Dave Suminski was the team's only first-team All-American and was selected as the team's most valuable player. Sophomore Alan Ameche was a first-team All-Big Ten player, set a Wisconsin record with 946 rushing yards, and went on to win the 1954 Heisman Trophy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069439-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Big Ten Conference football season\nThe 1952 Purdue Boilermakers football team, under head coach Stu Holcomb, was the Big Ten co-champion and ranked No. 12 in the final UP poll and No. 18 in the final AP poll. Purdue end Bernie Flowers was the Big Ten's only consensus first-team All-American in 1952 and was the first Big Ten player selected in the 1953  NFL Draft. Dale Samuels was the first Purdue quarterback to pass for over 1,000 yards in a season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 458]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069439-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Big Ten Conference football season\nThe conference's statistical leaders included Illinois quarterback Tommy O'Connell with 1,761 passing yards and 1,724 yards of total offense, Alan Ameche with 946 rushing yards, and Indiana's Gene Gedman with 54 points scored.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069439-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Results and team statistics\nKeyAP final = Team's rank in the final AP Poll of the 1952 seasonAP high = Team's highest rank in the AP Poll throughout the 1952 seasonPPG = Average of points scored per game; conference leader's average displayed in boldPAG = Average of points allowed per game; conference leader's average displayed in boldMVP = Most valuable player as voted by players on each team as part of the voting process to determine the winner of the Chicago Tribune Silver Football trophy; trophy winner in bold", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 85], "content_span": [86, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069439-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Big Ten Conference football season, Awards and honors, All-Big Ten honors\nThe following players were picked by the Associated Press (AP)as first-team players on the 1952 All-Big Ten Conference football team. The AP picked separate offensive and defensive units, whereas the UP selected a single, eleven man unit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 78], "content_span": [79, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069439-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 Big Ten Conference football season, Awards and honors, All-American honors\nAt the end of the 1952 season, only one Big Ten player secured a consensus first-team pick on the 1952 College Football All-America Team. The Big Ten's consensus All-Americans were:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 79], "content_span": [80, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069439-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 Big Ten Conference football season, Awards and honors, All-American honors\nOther Big Ten players who were named first-team All-Americans by at least one selector were:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 79], "content_span": [80, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069439-0008-0000", "contents": "1952 Big Ten Conference football season, Awards and honors, Other awards\nMinnesota running back Paul Giel finished third in the voting for the 1952 Heisman Trophy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 72], "content_span": [73, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069439-0009-0000", "contents": "1952 Big Ten Conference football season, 1953 NFL Draft\nThe following Big Ten players were among the first 100 picks in the 1953 NFL Draft:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 55], "content_span": [56, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069440-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Bihar Legislative Assembly election\nThis is a list of people elected at the 1952 general election to the Bihar Legislative Assembly. The Indian National Congress (INC) stormed into power. Shri Krishna Singh became the first elected Chief Minister of Bihar and Dr. Anugrah Narayan Sinha became the first Deputy Chief Minister cum Finance Minister of the state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069440-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Bihar Legislative Assembly election, State Reorganization\nBihar was reduced slightly by the transfer of minor territories to West Bengal in 1956 under States Reorganisation Act, 1956. Hence the constituencies were reduced from 330 in 1951 to 318 in 1957 elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 62], "content_span": [63, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069441-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Birmingham Small Heath by-election\nThe Birmingham Small Heath by-election was held on 27 November 1952. It was held due to the death of the incumbent Labour MP, Fred Longden. It was won by the Labour candidate William Wheeldon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069442-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Birthday Honours\nThe Queen's Birthday Honours 1952 were appointments in many of the Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of The Queen, and were published in supplements the London Gazette on 30 May 1952 for the United Kingdom and Colonies, Australia, New Zealand, Ceylon, and Pakistan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069443-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Birthday Honours (New Zealand)\nThe 1952 Queen's Birthday Honours in New Zealand, celebrating the official birthday of Elizabeth II, were appointments made by the Queen on the advice of the New Zealand government to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders. They were the first birthday honours of the new queen's reign, and were announced on 5 June 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069443-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Birthday Honours (New Zealand)\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069444-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Bolivian Primera Divisi\u00f3n\nThe 1952 Bolivian Primera Divisi\u00f3n, the first division of Bolivian football (soccer), was played by 8 teams, all hailing from La Paz and played their matches at the Hernando Siles Stadium. The champion was The Strongest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069445-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Bombay Legislative Assembly election\nElections to the Legislative Assembly of the Indian state of Bombay were held on 26 March 1952. 1239 candidates contested for the 260 constituencies in the Assembly. There were 1 three-member, 47 two-member constituencies and 212 single-member constituencies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069445-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Bombay Legislative Assembly election, State Reorganization\nOn 1 November 1956, under States Reorganisation Act, 1956, Bombay state was enlarged by the addition of Saurashtra state and Kutch state, the Marathi-speaking districts of Nagpur Division of Madhya Pradesh, and the Marathi speaking Marathwada region of Hyderabad. The state's southernmost Kannada-speaking districts of Dharwar, Bijapur, North Kanara and Belgaum (excluding the Chandgad taluk) were transferred to Mysore state, while Abu Road taluk of the Banaskantha district was transferred to Rajasthan. Hence the constituencies increased from 315 to 396 in 1957 elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 63], "content_span": [64, 639]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069446-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Boston Braves season\nThe 1952 Boston Braves season was the 82nd season of the franchise; the team went 64\u201389 (.418) and was seventh in the eight-team National League, 32 games behind the pennant-winning Brooklyn Dodgers. Home attendance for the season at Braves Field was under 282,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069446-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Boston Braves season\nThis was the final season for the franchise in Boston, Massachusetts, and the last home game at Braves Field was played on September 21. Several weeks prior to the 1953 season, the team moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, which was the first franchise relocation in the majors in a half century. By 1958, four other teams had moved. The Braves stayed for thirteen years in Milwaukee, and then went to Atlanta prior to the 1966 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069446-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Boston Braves season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 70], "content_span": [71, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069446-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Boston Braves season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 63], "content_span": [64, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069446-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Boston Braves season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 68], "content_span": [69, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069446-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Boston Braves season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 65], "content_span": [66, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069446-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 Boston Braves season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 66], "content_span": [67, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069447-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Boston College Eagles football team\nThe 1952 Boston College Eagles football team represented Boston College during the 1952 college football season. The Eagles were led by second-year head coach Mike Holovak and played their home games at Braves Field in Boston, Massachusetts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069448-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Boston Red Sox season\nThe 1952 Boston Red Sox season was the 52nd season in the franchise's Major League Baseball history. The Red Sox finished sixth in the American League (AL) with a record of 76 wins and 78 losses, 19 games behind the New York Yankees, who went on to win the 1952 World Series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069448-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 71], "content_span": [72, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069448-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 64], "content_span": [65, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069448-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069448-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 66], "content_span": [67, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069448-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 67], "content_span": [68, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069449-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Boston University Terriers football team\nThe 1952 Boston University Terriers football team was an American football team that represented Boston University as an independent during the 1952 college football season. In its sixth season under head coach Aldo Donelli, the team compiled a 5\u20134\u20131 record and was outscored by their opponents by a total of 139 to 216.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069450-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Bournemouth East and Christchurch by-election\nThe Bournemouth East and Christchurch by-election of 6 February 1952 was held after Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) Brendan Bracken was elevated to the House of Lords. The seat was retained by the Conservatives.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069451-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Bowling Green Falcons football team\nThe 1952 Bowling Green Falcons football team was an American football team that represented Bowling Green State University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1952 college football season. In their 12th season under head coach Bob Whittaker, the Falcons compiled a 7\u20132 record (2\u20132 against MAC opponents), finished in fourth place in the MAC, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 257 to 155.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069451-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Bowling Green Falcons football team\nThe team's statistical leaders were Bill Lyons with 915 passing yards, and Fred Durig with 858 rushing yards, and Jim Ladd with 632 receiving yards. Darrell Clay was the team captain. Fullback Fred Durig received the team's Most Valuable Player award.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069452-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Bradfield by-election\nA by-election was held for the Australian House of Representatives seat of Bradfield on 20 December 1952. This was triggered by the death of Liberal Party MP and former Prime Minister Billy Hughes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069452-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Bradfield by-election\nThe election was won by Liberal Party candidate Harry Turner on a severely reduced margin, but against an Independent candidate rather than one from the Labor Party, which did not field a candidate in the safe Liberal seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069453-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 British Cho Oyu expedition\nThe 1952 British expedition to Cho Oyu (26,750 feet (8,150\u00a0m)) the Turquoise Goddess was organized by the Joint Himalayan Committee. It had been hoped to follow up the 1951 Everest expedition with another British attempt on Everest in 1952, but Nepal had accepted a Swiss application for 1952, to be followed in 1953 with a British attempt. So in 1952, Eric Shipton was to lead an attempt to ascend Cho Oyu, and Griffith Pugh was to trial oxygen equipment and train members for 1953. But the expedition failed both aims; that plus Shipton\u2019s poor leadership and planning resulted in his replacement as a leader for the 1953 expedition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 666]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069453-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 British Cho Oyu expedition\nThe expedition members were Eric Shipton, Charles Evans, Tom Bourdillon, Ray Colledge, Alfred Gregory and Griffith Pugh (UK); from NZ Ed Hillary, George Lowe and Earle Riddiford, and from Canada Campbell Secord (Michael Ward was not available as he was completing his national military service and sitting an surgery examination). The expedition sailed on 7 March from Southampton; except for Shipton, Pugh and Secord who flew out later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069453-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 British Cho Oyu expedition\nThe New Zealand Alpine Club (NZAC) provided financial support, though because of sponsorship by The Times other newspaper articles could not be published until a month afterwards. Riddiford ate and tented with the British members because of his dispute with Lowe in Ranikhet when he was selected for the 1951 British Mount Everest reconnaissance expedition instead of Lowe (who did not have the money to pay his share of the costs)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069453-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 British Cho Oyu expedition, Objectives and planning\nThe objectives were to ascend the summit; and to train up a pool of climbers who could acclimatise well at 24,000 feet (7,300\u00a0m) or more and to study the use of oxygen apparatus.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 56], "content_span": [57, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069453-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 British Cho Oyu expedition, Objectives and planning\nShipton said in his first despatch to \"The Times\" that his objective was to climb Cho Oyu.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 56], "content_span": [57, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069453-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 British Cho Oyu expedition, Objectives and planning\nEric Shipton had spent a day on lists of stores, but Earle Riddiford (who had returned from the 1951 expedition with Michael Ward and was now staying with Norman and Enid Hardie in London) had to do the ordering, packing and despatching, with Shipton often not around to consult. The New Zealand amount of food for two people was the same as what Shipton had allowed for four people. Shipton had included little sugar, butter, jam, porridge or milk. Riddiford described the food as \"bloody awful\", and said that younger climbers like Bourdillion were \"half starved\". So food stocks were supplemented with New Zealand supplies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 56], "content_span": [57, 683]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069453-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 British Cho Oyu expedition, The Expedition\nBase camp was established on 29 April 1952 at Lunak below the Nangpa La trading pass. On the trek in, Shipton acclimatised quickly, but he did not allow for others who did not.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 47], "content_span": [48, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069453-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 British Cho Oyu expedition, The Expedition\nWorried about being spotted by Chinese troops across the border, Shipton was unwilling to mount a full-scale attempt from Tibet where the climbing seemed easier or to establish a base (or at least one camp) on the Tibetan side (as proposed by Hillary, Lowe, Riddiford ,and Secord). Shipton had been a British consul in Kashgar and then Kunming, China until he was expelled by the new government, and wanted to avoid any clashes with Chinese troops on the Tibetan side in case they were denounced as spies, with the possibility of \"derailing\" the 1953 expedition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 47], "content_span": [48, 610]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069453-0007-0001", "contents": "1952 British Cho Oyu expedition, The Expedition\n(In 2006 there was a shooting incident involving Chinese troops near Nangpa La). But after a \"demoralising\" afternoon arguing against a camp on the Tibetan side Shipton agreed to a camp just short of the Nangpa La, and to send a party to attempt the first crossing of the Nup La pass to the east of Cho Oyo,  which could be quickly withdrawn if Chinese soldiers were sighted. The exploratory party was led by Ed Hillary, but was hampered by a dangerous ice cliff and a stretched supply chain, which had to turn back at 22,400 feet (6,800\u00a0m). Hillary later said he felt \"almost a sense of shame that we'd allowed ourselves to admit defeat so easily\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 47], "content_span": [48, 697]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069453-0008-0000", "contents": "1952 British Cho Oyu expedition, The Expedition\nHillary ,and Lowe with three \"very nervous\" Sherpas (Ang Puta, Tashi Puta and Angye) had crossed the Nup La col, so made the first crossings of the three cols between the Khumba and the Barun Valley. \"We attempted the heavily crevassed head of the Ngojumba Glacier and forced away up the narrow Nup La Pass\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 47], "content_span": [48, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069453-0008-0001", "contents": "1952 British Cho Oyu expedition, The Expedition\nHillary and Lowe \"like a couple of naughty schoolboys\" went deep into Chinese territory, down to Rongbuk ,and round to the old prewar Camp III beneath the North Col. Crossing the icefalls took six days to cover 6.5 kilometres (4.0\u00a0mi) but were said Lowe \"the most exciting, exacting and satisfying mountaineering that we had undertaken\" and done \"with less than I would have had for a weekend tramp in New Zealand\" Going into the Barun Glacier between Everest and Makalu and seeing Tibet from the head completed a circuit of Everest over its highest passes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 47], "content_span": [48, 605]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069453-0009-0000", "contents": "1952 British Cho Oyu expedition, The Expedition\nAt the end of the expedition in June, Shipton went off with Evans, Hillary and Lowe through the jungles of Nepal and to the Indian border along the banks of the Arun River. They climbed eleven mountains in the Barun to the west of Nangpa La. Hillary and Lowe \"rafted\" down the Arun River on two air-mattresses joined together; just avoiding a massive whirlpool and cateract by hanging onto a rock and then to a rescue rope lowered by Shipton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 47], "content_span": [48, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069453-0010-0000", "contents": "1952 British Cho Oyu expedition, Oxygen\nGriffith Pugh the expedition physiologist, was preparing for this role again in 1953. His formal recommendations to the Himalayan Committee included: fitness and team spirit essential; oxygen equipment necessary above South Col; closed-circuit oxygen favoured; clothing to be individually tailored; general and food hygiene important; climbers must acclimatise above 15,000 feet (4,600\u00a0m) for at least 36 days; and poor acclimatisation should not lead to rejection, as the cause could be temporary illness. But his experiments were \"stymied\" as no-one reached 24,000 feet (7,300\u00a0m).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 39], "content_span": [40, 622]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069453-0011-0000", "contents": "1952 British Cho Oyu expedition, Oxygen\nPugh was critical of poor hygiene around the camps and the drinking of contaminated water, with sickness on the approach trek.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 39], "content_span": [40, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069453-0012-0000", "contents": "1952 British Cho Oyu expedition, Oxygen\nAccording to Pugh and Wood in 1953, the principal findings from experiments carried out on Menlung La at 20,000 feet (6,100\u00a0m) in 1952 were:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 39], "content_span": [40, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069453-0013-0000", "contents": "1952 British Cho Oyu expedition, Oxygen\nBourdillon decided that the best combination was a closed-circuit apparatus breathing pure oxygen for climbing and an open-circuit set giving a comparatively low concentration of oxygen for sleeping. With his father, Robert Bourdillon, he developed the closed-circuit oxygen apparatus used by Charles Evans and himself on their pioneering climb to the South Summit of Everest on 26 May 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 39], "content_span": [40, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069453-0014-0000", "contents": "1952 British Cho Oyu expedition, Aftermath\nThe expedition did not achieve either objective, and Shipton\u2019s reputation was \"very publicly blown to smithereens\" in Britain, with the expedition \"one of the great black holes in the history of postwar mountaineering\" Chapter 11 is titled \"A frightfully British bungle\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 42], "content_span": [43, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069453-0015-0000", "contents": "1952 British Cho Oyu expedition, Aftermath\nShipton did not face the Committee in London until 28 July because of the end trip. He was replaced as leader in 1953 by John Hunt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 42], "content_span": [43, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069453-0016-0000", "contents": "1952 British Cho Oyu expedition, Aftermath\nShipton and Hillary only briefly mention the expedition in their memoirs. Several members thought Shipton an unsuitable \"big party\" leader for 1953: Pugh, Riddiford, Secord; and also Hillary privately in his diary although he was \"guarded\" in public comments.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 42], "content_span": [43, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069454-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 British Columbia general election\nThe 1952 British Columbia general election was the 23rd general election in the Canadian province of British Columbia. It was held to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia, alongside a plebiscite on daylight saving time and liquor. The election was called on April 10, 1952, and held on June 12, 1952. The new legislature met for the first time on February 3, 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069454-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 British Columbia general election\nIt was the first BC general election to use a preferential ballot, a short-lived phenomenon in the province. The presence of multi-member districts, such as Victoria City with 3 MLAs, in conjunction with the alternative voting system called for an innovation where the district's candidates were split into three \"ballots\", each with one candidate from each party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069454-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 British Columbia general election\nThe government until not long before the election had been a Liberal / Progressive Conservative coalition (the Conservatives had recently changed their name to match that of their federal cousins). After the coalition had collapsed, the Liberals felt threatened by the rising popularity of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation. To lock out the CCF, the government adopted the alternative voting system instead of leaving the existing system in place or switching to STV.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069454-0002-0001", "contents": "1952 British Columbia general election\nWhile they ran candidates separately under their own names, Liberal and Conservative party leaders believed that if Liberal voters picked the local Tory candidate as their second preference and vice versa, one of the candidates of the two parties would have enough votes to be elected in many districts, hopefully ensuring the coalition's retention of power.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069454-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 British Columbia general election\nHowever, the Liberal and PC leaders had not reckoned on being so unpopular with the province's voters. The combined Liberal and PC vote total was 120,000 fewer votes than in the previous election, while the Social Credit party received almost 200,000 more votes than in 1949. The combined Liberal and Conservative vote totals surpassed 50 percent in only eight seat contests, so even if the party voters had adhered to coalition discipline, the coalition did not have enough votes to be elected in most of the districts. They received only a comparative few votes through vote transfers from CCF and SC candidates, whose supporters aided each other where possible.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 703]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069454-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 British Columbia general election\nIn districts where CCF candidates were eliminated, back-up preferences were marked overwhelmingly for the British Columbia Social Credit League (BCSCL). Combined with many second-preference votes transferred from eliminated Liberal and Conservative candidates, this gave the Social Credit party five seats in addition to the 14 seats where its candidates had a plurality in the first counts. In the end, the Social Credit party captured 19 seats. The CCF received 18 seats, helped in many cases by transfers from eliminated SC candidates. The coalition was decimated, winning only 10 seats between both parties. Both Premier Byron \"Boss\" Johnson and Tory leader Herbert Anscomb lost their seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 734]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069454-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 British Columbia general election\nNot even the Socreds had expected to win the election. The party had no official leader. Alberta Social Credit Member of Parliament Ernest George Hansell had led the party during the election campaign without contesting a seat himself. The Socreds persuaded Tom Uphill, a Labour member of the Legislature (MLA), to support the party, and so the Socreds were able to form a minority government. (Otherwise, having to provide the Speaker meant that the SC seat total would have been reduced to only the same as the CCF's seat count.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 570]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069454-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 British Columbia general election\nThe party's next task was to choose the province's new premier. In a vote of the newly elected caucus, W.A.C. Bennett, a former Conservative MLA who joined the Socreds after losing a bid for the Tory leadership, won a caucus vote and became premier-elect on July 15, 1952. This began what would be 21 years straight \u2013 and 36 of the next 39 years \u2013 of Social Credit rule in British Columbia. This would also be the last election to produce a minority government until 2017.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069454-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 British Columbia general election\nIn hopes of getting a stronger mandate, Bennett deliberately lost a confidence vote in 1953. This forced an election in June 1953 in which Social Credit won a majority of the seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069454-0008-0000", "contents": "1952 British Columbia general election, Results\n* Party did not nominate candidates in the previous election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 47], "content_span": [48, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069454-0009-0000", "contents": "1952 British Columbia general election, Results\n1 In the previous election, the Liberal and Conservative parties ran candidates jointly as \"Coalition\" candidates, electing 39 MLAs. The Conservatives withdrew from the coalition in 1951 hastening the government's collapse.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 47], "content_span": [48, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069455-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 British Columbia plebiscite\nA two-part plebiscite was held in British Columbia on 12 June 1952, alongside provincial elections. Voters were asked whether they approved of continuing with daylight saving time and allowing liquor and wine to be sold in licensed premises. Both proposals were approved.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069455-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 British Columbia plebiscite, Background\nDaylight saving time had been introduced in British Columbia on 6 July 1941. Despite opposition from farmers, the federal government subsequently implemented daylight saving across the country until World War II ended. At the end of the conflict, the provincial government decided to retain the system. However, amidst continuing opposition from farmers, in March 1952, they opted to put the matter to a public vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069455-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 British Columbia plebiscite, Background\nA 1916 referendum had seen a vote in favour of introducing prohibition in British Columbia, whilst a second referendum in 1920 resulted in prohibition being rejected in favour of a government-administered board becoming responsible for overseeing the retail sale of liquor in government-approved stores. However, the sale of alcohol in bars remained banned. Another referendum in 1924 allowed beer to be sold by the glass in bars, but wine and liquor could still only be sold in approved stores.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069456-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 British Grand Prix\nThe 1952 British Grand Prix was a Formula Two race held on 19 July 1952 at Silverstone Circuit. It was race 5 of 8 in the 1952 World Championship of Drivers, in which each Grand Prix was run to Formula Two rules rather than the Formula One regulations normally used.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069456-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 British Grand Prix\nNew pit facilities had been built on the straight between Woodcote and Copse corners; the original pits were located between Abbey and Woodcote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069456-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 British Grand Prix, Report\nJean Behra was unable to take part in the British Grand Prix, having broken his shoulder blade at the non-championship Grand Prix de Sables d'Olonne the previous weekend. Consequently, Maurice Trintignant took over Behra's Gordini T16 for Silverstone, having driven a Simca-Gordini T15 at Rouen-Les-Essarts. The Gordini team also fielded regular drivers Robert Manzon and Prince Bira. As in the previous race, Belgian driver Johnny Claes entered a privateer Simca-Gordini under the 'Ecurie Belge' moniker.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069456-0002-0001", "contents": "1952 British Grand Prix, Report\nFerrari stuck with the same three drivers \u2014 Alberto Ascari, Nino Farina and Piero Taruffi \u2014 who had monopolised the podium positions at the French Grand Prix. There were also a number of privateer Ferrari entrants: Fischer and Hirt for Ecurie Espadon, Peter Whitehead and Roy Salvadori. HWM continued their policy of partnering regulars Peter Collins and Lance Macklin with a local driver, in this case Duncan Hamilton. The Connaught team ran a quartet of Lea Francis-engined entries \u2014 McAlpine, Downing, Thompson and Poore \u2014 while the remainder of the grid was made up of a series of privateers of various constructors, including Coopers and Maseratis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 685]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069456-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 British Grand Prix, Report\nThe three works Ferraris, led on this occasion by Farina, again qualified in the top three positions on the grid, this time being joined on the four-car front row by Manzon. The second row consisted of Downing alongside Reg Parnell and Mike Hawthorn in a pair of Cooper-Bristols. The Connaughts of Poore and Thompson shared row three with Bira's Gordini and Hamilton in his HWM.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069456-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 British Grand Prix, Report\nAscari took the lead at the start of the race and held onto it for the whole 85 laps, taking his third consecutive victory in the World Championship. Polesitter Nino Farina was in second place for the first 26 laps but he dropped down the field when he needed to pit to change spark plugs, eventually finishing in sixth, just outside the points. Despite making a bad start that saw him drop to ninth by the end of the first lap, fellow Ferrari driver Taruffi recovered to take second place, finishing a lap behind Ascari.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069456-0004-0001", "contents": "1952 British Grand Prix, Report\nDennis Poore, who had been running in third after Farina's pit stop, needed to make a stop of his own in order to refuel his car. This allowed Hawthorn to inherit third place, which he held for the remainder of the race. He finished a lap behind Taruffi and took his first World Championship podium in just his third race. Poore took fourth, ahead of Connaught teammate Eric Thompson in the fifth and final points position.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069456-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 British Grand Prix, Report\nAscari's win, coupled with yet another fastest lap, allowed him to extend his lead in the Drivers' Championship once again. He now enjoyed an eight-point lead over fellow Ferrari driver Taruffi. Farina, having not scored any points, was seven points adrift of Taruffi.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069457-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Brooklyn Dodgers season\nThe 1952 Brooklyn Dodgers rebounded from the heartbreaking ending of 1951 to win the National League pennant by four games over the New York Giants. However, they dropped the World Series in seven games to the New York Yankees. Led by Gil Hodges, Jackie Robinson, and Duke Snider, the high-powered Brooklyn offense scored the most runs in the majors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069457-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 73], "content_span": [74, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069457-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069457-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069457-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 68], "content_span": [69, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069457-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 69], "content_span": [70, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069457-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 Brooklyn Dodgers season, 1952 World Series, Game 1\nOctober 1, 1952, at Ebbets Field in Brooklyn, New York", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 55], "content_span": [56, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069457-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 Brooklyn Dodgers season, 1952 World Series, Game 2\nOctober 2, 1952, at Ebbets Field in Brooklyn, New York", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 55], "content_span": [56, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069457-0008-0000", "contents": "1952 Brooklyn Dodgers season, 1952 World Series, Game 3\nOctober 3, 1952, at Yankee Stadium in New York City", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 55], "content_span": [56, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069457-0009-0000", "contents": "1952 Brooklyn Dodgers season, 1952 World Series, Game 4\nOctober 4, 1952, at Yankee Stadium in New York City", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 55], "content_span": [56, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069457-0010-0000", "contents": "1952 Brooklyn Dodgers season, 1952 World Series, Game 5\nOctober 5, 1952, at Yankee Stadium in New York City", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 55], "content_span": [56, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069457-0011-0000", "contents": "1952 Brooklyn Dodgers season, 1952 World Series, Game 6\nOctober 6, 1952, at Ebbets Field in Brooklyn, New York", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 55], "content_span": [56, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069457-0012-0000", "contents": "1952 Brooklyn Dodgers season, 1952 World Series, Game 7\nOctober 7, 1952, at Ebbets Field in Brooklyn, New York", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 55], "content_span": [56, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069458-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Brown Bears football team\nThe 1952 Brown Bears football team represented Brown University during the 1952 college football season. In their second season under head coach Alva Kelley, the Bears compiled a 2\u20137 record, and were outscored 220 to 89. M. Matteodo was the team captain. Brown played its home games at Brown Stadium in Providence, Rhode Island.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069459-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Brownlow Medal\nThe 1952 Brownlow Medal was the 25th year the award was presented to the player adjudged the fairest and best player during the Victorian Football League (VFL) home and away season. Bill Hutchison of the Essendon Football Club and Roy Wright of the Richmond Football Club both won the medal by polling twenty-one votes during the 1952 VFL season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069460-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Bucknell Bison football team\nThe 1952 Bucknell Bison football team was an American football team that represented Bucknell University as an independent during the 1952 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069460-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Bucknell Bison football team\nIn its sixth season under head coach Harry Lawrence, the team compiled a 6\u20133 record. Harry McSorley and Abe Powelson were the team captains.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069460-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Bucknell Bison football team\nThe team played its home games at Memorial Stadium in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069461-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Buenos Aires Grand Prix (I)\nResults from the 1952 Buenos Aires Grand Prix held in Buenos Aires on 9 March 1952, at the inauguration of the Aut\u00f3dromo Oscar G\u00e1lvez.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069462-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Buenos Aires Grand Prix (II)\nThe second 1952 Buenos Aires Grand Prix was held in Buenos Aires on March 16, 1952, as the second inauguration race of the Aut\u00f3dromo Oscar G\u00e1lvez.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069463-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Buffalo Bulls football team\nThe 1952 Buffalo Bulls football team was an American football team that represented the University of Buffalo as an independent during the 1952 college football season. In its first season under head coach Fritz Febel, the team compiled a 1\u20137 record. The team played its home games at Civic Stadium in Buffalo, New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069464-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Bulgarian Cup\nThe 1952 Bulgarian Cup was the 12th season of the Bulgarian Cup (in this period the tournament was named Cup of the Soviet Army). Slavia Sofia won the competition, beating Spartak Sofia 3\u20131 in the final at the People's Army Stadium in Sofia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069465-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Bulgarian Cup Final\nThe 1952 Bulgarian Cup Final was the 12th final of the Bulgarian Cup (in this period the tournament was named Cup of the Soviet Army), and was contested between Slavia Sofia and Spartak Sofia on 9 November 1952 at People's Army Stadium in Sofia. Slavia won the final 3\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069466-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Cal Aggies football team\nThe 1952 Cal Aggies football team represented the Northern Branch of the College of Agriculture in the 1952 college football season. The team was known as either the Cal Aggies or California Aggies, and competed in the Far Western Conference (FWC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069466-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Cal Aggies football team\nThe Aggies were led by fourth-year head coach Ted Forbes. They played home games at Aggie Field. The Aggies finished the season with a record of two wins and seven losses (2\u20137, 2\u20131 FWC). They were outscored by their opponents 112\u2013263 for the 1952 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069466-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Cal Aggies football team, NFL Draft\nNo Cal Aggies players were selected in the 1953 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 40], "content_span": [41, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069467-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Cal Poly Mustangs football team\nThe 1952 Cal Poly Mustangs football team represented California Polytechnic State University during the 1952 college football season. Cal Poly competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069467-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Cal Poly Mustangs football team\nThe team was led by third-year head coach LeRoy Hughes and played home games at Mustang Stadium in San Luis Obispo, California. They finished the season as champions of the CCAA, with a record of seven wins and three losses (7\u20133, 4\u20130 CCAA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069467-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Cal Poly Mustangs football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Cal Poly Mustangs were selected in the 1953 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 61], "content_span": [62, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069468-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Cal Poly San Dimas Broncos football team\nThe 1952 Cal Poly San Dimas Broncos football team represented Cal Poly Voorhis Unit during the 1952 college football season. Cal Poly played as an independent in 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069468-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Cal Poly San Dimas Broncos football team\nCal Poly San Dimas was led by fourth-year head coach Duane Whitehead. Whitehead had been head coach from 1948\u20131950, but had been replaced by Don Rees for the 1951 season. The Broncos finished the season with a record of four wins and four losses (4\u20134). Overall, the team was outscored by its opponents 159\u2013224 for the season. Whitehead finished his four-year tenure at Cal Poly San Dimas with a record of 13\u201322\u20131, for a .375 winning percentage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069468-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Cal Poly San Dimas Broncos football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Cal Poly San Dimas players were selected in the 1953 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 70], "content_span": [71, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069469-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Calgary Stampeders season\nThe 1952 Calgary Stampeders finished in 3rd place in the W.I.F.U. with a 7\u20139 record. They were defeated in the W.I.F.U. Semi-Finals by the Edmonton Eskimos.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069470-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 California Golden Bears football team\nThe 1952 California Golden Bears football team was an American football team that represented the University of California, Berkeley during the 1952 college football season. Under head coach Pappy Waldorf, the team compiled an overall record of 7\u20133 and 3\u20133 in conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069471-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Cameroonian Territorial Assembly election\nTerritorial Assembly elections were held in French Cameroons on 30 March 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069471-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Cameroonian Territorial Assembly election, Electoral system\nAt the time of the election, the Territorial Assembly had 50 seats, of which 18 were elected by the first college and 32 were elected by the second college.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 64], "content_span": [65, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069471-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Cameroonian Territorial Assembly election, Campaign\nA total of 303 candidates ran for the 50 seats; 65 candidates contested the 18 seats in the first college and 238 candidates contested the 32 seats in the second college.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 56], "content_span": [57, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069471-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Cameroonian Territorial Assembly election, Results\nOf the 7,788 voters in the first college, 4,300 cast votes, whilst in the second college, 330,000 of the 520,605 registered voters voted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 55], "content_span": [56, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069472-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Campeonato Argentino de Rugby\nThe 1952 Campeonato Argentino de Rugby  was won by the selection of Buenos Aires Province (\"Provincia\"), which beat the selection of Capital 6\u20130 in the final. Nine teams participated, with the debut of Mar del Plata selection.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069472-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Campeonato Argentino de Rugby, Final\nProvincia: H. Solveyra, E. Caffarone, A. Palma, J. L. Guidi, C. Arana, R. Giles, G. Ehrman, L. Allen, M. Sarand\u00f3n, R. Ochoa, J. S. Morganti (Cap. ), E. Dom\u00ednguez, R. Follet, C. Swain, C. Travaglini. Capital:M. A. Miguel Villar, D. Evans, E. Fern\u00e1ndez del Casal, R. Baz\u00e1n, K. Green, I. Comas, P. Felisari, C. Bertolotto, H. Fiorioli, J. O'Farrell, J. Piccardo, C. Morea, M. Lanusse, F. Erazun, R. Pont Lezica.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 41], "content_span": [42, 450]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069473-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Campeonato Carioca\nThe 1952 edition of the Campeonato Carioca kicked off on August 17, 1952 and ended on January 22, 1953. It was organized by FMF (Federa\u00e7\u00e3o Metropolitana de Futebol, or Metropolitan Football Federation). Eleven teams participated. Vasco da Gama won the title for the 10th time. no teams were relegated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069473-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Campeonato Carioca, System\nThe tournament would be disputed in a double round-robin format, with the team with the most points winning the title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069473-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Campeonato Carioca, Extra Tournament\nAfter the last edition of the Torneio Municipal, another tournament, officially called the Ta\u00e7a Carlos Martins da Rocha, popularly known as the Torneio Extra, was created to fill the gap in the clubs' schedules in the beginning of the year. That tournament only lasted one season, as the championship expanded to twelve teams in the following year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 41], "content_span": [42, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069473-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Campeonato Carioca, Extra Tournament\nTwelve teams disputed that tournament; the eleven league teams and Oriente AC, champion of the amateur championship held by the Departamento Aut\u00f4nomo. They were divided into two groups of six, in which the teams within each group played each other in a single round-robin format, with the two best teams in each group qualifying into the Final phase, also played in a single round-robin format.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 41], "content_span": [42, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069474-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Campeonato Paulista\nThe 1952 Campeonato Paulista da Primeira Divis\u00e3o, organized by the Federa\u00e7\u00e3o Paulista de Futebol, was the 51st season of S\u00e3o Paulo's top professional football league. Corinthians won the title for the 14th time. Jabaquara and Radium were relegated and the top scorer was Corinthians's Baltazar with 27 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069474-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Campeonato Paulista, Championship\nThe championship was disputed in a double-round robin system, with the team with the most points winning the title and the two teams with the fewest points being relegated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069475-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Campeonato Profesional\nThe 1952 Campeonato Profesional was the fifth season of Colombia's top-flight football league. 15 teams compete against one another and played each weekend. The tournament was notable for being the fourth year of El Dorado. Millonarios won the league for 3rd time in its history after getting 46 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069475-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Campeonato Profesional, Background\nThe tournament was the fourth year of El Dorado. The number of teams was reduced from 18 to 15: Deportes Caldas and Once Deportivo joined to form Deportivo Manizales. Hurac\u00e1n de Medell\u00edn disappeared due to poor performance, while Independiente Medell\u00edn had to retire because of an economic crisis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069475-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Campeonato Profesional, Background\nUniversidad, who was also in an economic crisis, received a lot of players from other teams in order to enable their participation in the championship: Santa Fe loaned it Roberto Mart\u00ednez, Atilio Miotti, Juan Candall, Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Arnaldo, Oscar Contreras, Luis L\u00f3pez, Mario Fern\u00e1ndez y Angel Perucca; Millonarios loaned Tom\u00e1s Aves; Junior loaned Heraldo Ferreyro; Deportivo Manizales loaned Segundo Tessori, Vicente Gallina and Osvaldo Bianco; and Deportivo Samarios loaned Milos Dragoilovich.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069475-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Campeonato Profesional, Background\nMillonarios became the first team to win the championship three times, and the first team to win two consecutive titles. Alfredo Di St\u00e9fano became goalscorer of the tournament for the second time in succession. This was the most successful year of the denominated Ballet Azul, in which also played 33 international matches, finishing with 20 wins, 10 draws and 3 losses, being the 4-2 win against Real Madrid its most memorable match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069475-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Campeonato Profesional, League system\nEvery team played two games against each other team, one at home and one away. Teams received two points for a win and one point for a draw. If two or more teams were tied on points, places were determined by goal difference. The team with the most points is the champion of the league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 42], "content_span": [43, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069476-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Cannes Film Festival\nThe 5th Cannes Film Festival was held from 23 April to 10 May 1952. As in the previous three festivals, the entire jury of this festival was made up of French persons, with Maurice Genevoix as the Jury President. The Grand Prix of the Festival went to the Two Cents Worth of Hope by Renato Castellani and Othello by Orson Welles. The festival opened with An American in Paris by Vincente Minnelli.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069476-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Cannes Film Festival, Jury\nThe following people were appointed as the Jury of the competition:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 31], "content_span": [32, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069476-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Cannes Film Festival, Out of competition\nThe following film was selected to be screened out of competition:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 45], "content_span": [46, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069476-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Cannes Film Festival, Awards, Official awards\nThe following films and people received the 1952 awards:Feature Films", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 50], "content_span": [51, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069477-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Caribbean Series\nThe fourth edition of the Caribbean Series (Serie del Caribe) was played in 1952. It was held from February 20 through February 26, featuring the champion baseball teams of Cuba, Leones de la Habana; Panama, Carta Vieja Yankees; Puerto Rico, Senadores de San Juan and  Venezuela, Cervecer\u00eda Caracas. The format consisted of 12 games, each team facing the other teams twice, and the games were played at Panama City. The first pitch was thrown by Alcib\u00edades Arosemena, by then the President of Panama.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 522]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069477-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Caribbean Series, Summary\nCuba became the first country to win two Caribbean Series championships with an undefeated record of 5-0. The Cuban team, with manager/catcher Mike Gonz\u00e1lez at the helm, won the Series behind a strong pitching effort by Tommy Fine, who posted a 2-0 record with a 1.50 ERA in two complete-games and won Most Valuable Player honors. After a 3-3 tie against Puerto Rico in the Series opener, he was called by the Cuban team as a late replacement for future Hall of Famer Hoyt Wilhelm.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069477-0001-0001", "contents": "1952 Caribbean Series, Summary\nFine posted the only no-hitter pitched in any Caribbean series game, to give his team a 1-0 win against Venezuela. Five days later, Fine faced Panama's club and was close to glory. He was three outs from consecutive no-hitters in the series, having allowed a single in the ninth inning to break it up. His 17 hitless streak also is the longest in series history. Outfielder Sandy Amor\u00f3s led series hitters with a .450 batting average (9-for-20), including personal numbers with a .650 SLG, six runs, six RBI. Other contributions came from OF Fernando Pedroso (.400), catcher Andr\u00e9s Fleitas (.304), and infielders Lou Klein (.333) and Spider Jorgensen, who hit two of the team's three home runs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 725]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069477-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Caribbean Series, Summary\nThe clubs from Panama and Venezuela tied for second place with a 3-3 record. Panama was managed by Al Leap and included in the roster infielders Spook Jacobs, Joe Tuminelli and Jim Cronin, catcher Le\u00f3n Kellman, and pitchers Connie Johnson and Marion Fricano.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069477-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Caribbean Series, Summary\nThe Venezuelan club, led by Jos\u00e9 Antonio Casanova, featured players as right fielder Wilmer Fields (.360, two HR, .720 SLG, 8 RBI), shortstop Chico Carrasquel and third baseman Luis Garc\u00eda, as well as catcher/outfielder Guillermo Vento and pitchers Jos\u00e9 Bracho, Emilio Cueche, Bob Griffith, Johnny Hetki, Al Papai and Luis Zuloaga. In addition, center fielder H\u00e9ctor Ben\u00edtez and third baseman Buddy Hicks joined Fields in the All-Star team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069477-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Caribbean Series, Summary\nAfter a tied game with Cuba, Puerto Rico's team failed to win in their next five games. Managed by Fred Thon, their roster included outfielders Nino Escalera and Luis Rodr\u00edguez Olmo; pitchers Red Adams, Luis Arroyo, Art Ditmar and Pantalones Santiago, and OF/P Cot Deal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069478-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Carmarthenshire County Council election\nAn election to the Carmarthenshire County Council was held in April 1952. It was preceded by the 1949 election and followed, by the 1955 election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069478-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Overview of the result\nAfter capturing control of the Council for the first time in 1949, Labour strengthened their hold by gaining an additional six seats in the Llanelli area. These included the two new wards created after boundary changes and the two wards in Llanelli town lost in by-elections in 1949. This counterbalanced the loss of Llangeler where Labour did not field a candidate. This was augmented by taking seven of the nine vacancies on the aldermanic bench.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 68], "content_span": [69, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069478-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Boundary changes\nTwo additional seats were created, at Burry Port and Felinfoel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 62], "content_span": [63, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069478-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Retiring aldermen\nRetiring Labour councillors Haydn Lewis and Evan Bevan stood down in Ammanford and Llandybie respectively to allow Aldermen Frank Davies, and D.B. Lewis to be returned unopposed. Likewise, H.H. Harries and J.H. Davies stood down in Llandissilio and Llansteffan in favour of Edward James and T.Ll. Harries. Aldermen John Phillips (Cwmamman) and J.D. Rees (St Clears) withdrew at the last moment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 63], "content_span": [64, 458]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069478-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Unopposed returns\n34 members were returned unopposed, which included both rural and urban seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 63], "content_span": [64, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069478-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Contested elections\n25 seats were contested, including a number of instances where rival Independents fought each other. As in 1949, Independents sought to fight elections in Llanelli as a group, but had little success. Following the elections, Labour held all nine wards in Llanelli town for the first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 65], "content_span": [66, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069478-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Contested elections\nA number of retiring aldermen stood as candidates and were returned unopposed. In Carmarthen,  Alderman William Edwards, a member of the Council since 1928, stood in a town ward rather than in Llangunnor which he represented as a councilor until 1946. Edwards was defeated by the retiring Labour member.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 65], "content_span": [66, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069478-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Summary of results\nThis section summarises the detailed results which are noted in the following sections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 64], "content_span": [65, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069478-0008-0000", "contents": "1952 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Summary of results\nThis table summarises the result of the elections in all wards. 53 councillors were elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 64], "content_span": [65, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069478-0009-0000", "contents": "1952 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Election of aldermen\nIn addition to the 59 councillors the council consisted of 19 county aldermen. Aldermen were elected by the council, and served a six-year term. Following the elections, seven of the nine aldermanic vacancies were taken by Labour. The leader of the Labour group, Douglas Hughes, justified this by stating that the Independents had behaved in a similar fashion over many years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 66], "content_span": [67, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069478-0010-0000", "contents": "1952 Carmarthenshire County Council election, By-elections\nFollowing the selection of aldermen the following by-elections were held. Four members of the previous authority who had stood down in favour of retiring aldermen were now returned unopposed. The two contested elections included a strong showing by Plaid Cymru in Ammanford.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 58], "content_span": [59, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069479-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Central Michigan Chippewas football team\nThe 1952 Central Michigan Chippewas football team represented Central Michigan College of Education, renamed Central Michigan University in 1959, in the Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (IIAC) during the 1952 college football season. In their second season under head coach Kenneth \"Bill\" Kelly, the Chippewas compiled a 7\u20132 record (6\u20130 against IIAC opponents), won the IIAC championship, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 285 to 85.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 510]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069479-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Central Michigan Chippewas football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included quarterback Don Koleber with 417 passing yards, fullback Vern Hawes with 540 rushing yards, and Al Droth with 302 receiving yards. Guard Loren Dietrich received the team's most valuable player award. Eight Central Michigan players (Dietrich, Hawes, center Bill Banaszak, tackle Ken Barron, halfback Dave Clark, halfback Bill Doser, guard Marty Klozik, and halfback Chuck Miller) received first-team honors on the All-IIAC team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069480-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Ceylonese parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Ceylon in 1952. It is notable for being the second and final election overseen and administered by the Department of Parliamentary Elections before its merger in 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069480-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Ceylonese parliamentary election, Background\nPrime Minister D.S. Senanayake died in March 1952, and was succeeded by his son, Dudley. The national wave of mourning for Ceylon's first prime minister greatly boosted the UNP's fortunes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069480-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Ceylonese parliamentary election, Background\nThe 1952 election was the first contested by the Sri Lanka Freedom Party, which had broken away from the UNP on a platform of Sinhala nationalism, and the Illankai Tamil Arasu Kachchi (Federal Party), which split from the All Ceylon Tamil Congress over joining the UNP government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069480-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Ceylonese parliamentary election, Results\nBecause the estate Tamils had been stripped of their citizenship by the Senanayake government, the Ceylon Indian Congress, which most of them had supported, was eliminated from Parliament and the Lanka Sama Samaja Party lost seats. The UNP won a majority, mainly at the cost of the CIC and the LSSP.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 46], "content_span": [47, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069481-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Chadian Territorial Assembly election\nTerritorial Assembly elections were held in Chad on 30 March 1952. The result was a victory for Gaullist parties, with the Rally of the French People winning all 15 seats in the First College and the Chadian Democratic Union winning 24 of the 30 seats in the Second College.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069481-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Chadian Territorial Assembly election, Electoral system\nThe 45-seat Territorial Assembly had 15 seats elected by the first college in two constituencies, and 30 seats elected by the second college in ten constituencies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 60], "content_span": [61, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069482-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Challenge Desgrange-Colombo\nThe 1952 Challenge Desgrange-Colombo was the fifth edition of the Challenge Desgrange-Colombo. It included eleven races: all the races form the 1951 edition were retained with no additions. Ferdinand K\u00fcbler won his second edition, having previously won in 1950. Italy won the nations championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069483-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Champion Hurdle\nThe 1952 Champion Hurdle was a horse race held at Cheltenham Racecourse on Tuesday 4 March 1952. It was the 23rd running of the Champion Hurdle and was the richest hurdle race of the calendar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069483-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Champion Hurdle, Main contenders\nThe race featured Sir Ken (SP 3/1), a French bred horse who came into it with an untarnished reputation winning his 8 previous England starts over hurdles in facile fashion; Hatton's Grace (SP 13/2) triple champion (1949, 1950, 1951) was looking for his 4th consecutive win in the race but was 12 years old and disappointed last time out at Naas when unplaced, admittedly carrying 12st 7lb in very soft conditions; 11 yo National Spirit (SP 20/1) dual champion (1947, 1948) also looked as a \"light of other days\" getting beat last time out at Windsor 4 lengths by another live contender Noholme (SP 100/7) whose preparation was going very well and was sent into the race fitter than his previous starts of the season; Telegram II (SP 9/1) who was punted on several news papers as the value bet had form at the course, his jumping skills were very impressive and also had speed to match it proving himself previously a high class flat horse finishing 4th in the 1950 Derby; Hunza (SP 20/1) unbeaten in 6 starts over hurdles against lesser opposition was sent directly to the Champion Hurdle without a preparation run since early December and the same applied to last year's favourite Average (SP 100/7) who came directly into the race from a fall on his seasonal debut in October, his trainer reported that he had him back to his best after some blips in training exercises and other health issues; National Spirit's stablemate Approaval (SP 9/1) was 2 times winner and 2 times runner-up last season and made a good return on his seasonal debut winning by 3 lengths giving 21 pounds to the runner-up. ; French-trained Fellah II (SP 100/7) had previously won all his 4 starts at Auteuil and was expected to run well while the Galway Hurdle winner Wye Fly (SP 100/8) was in good form as well and much fancied.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 37], "content_span": [38, 1844]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069483-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Champion Hurdle, Race analysis\nAs the race started the former dual champion National Spirit was sent into the lead but couldn't maintain it for long dropping out tamely along with the other veteran Hatton's Grace who never looked like landing the 4th time spoils. Sir Ken was in a prominent position throughout the race and approaching the final stages a great battle began between him, Noholme and Approval, the trio jumping the last flight in line.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 35], "content_span": [36, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069483-0002-0001", "contents": "1952 Champion Hurdle, Race analysis\nThe crowd bursted in cheers for the heavily backed Sir Ken who started to move away winning by 2 lengths from Noholme, 4 lengths back to Approval with the 4th place going to the Tadcaster trained Average who ran a mighty race considering he hadn't had the ideal preparation with the last run back in October. The other fancy in the betting Telegram II \"hit the third hurdle so hard that he nearly stopped. Long before the end he became tailed off and was pulled up before reaching the post\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 35], "content_span": [36, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069483-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Champion Hurdle, Race analysis\nThe winner Sir Ken was at the time a five-year-old gelding trained in by Willie Stephenson and ridden by Tim Molony. It was the first victory of the Champion Hurdle hat trick which he completed in 1953 and 1954. The win extended his unbeaten streak to 9 hurdle races while he also had 1 win over flat and was described as: \"among the best of all time, for today's opposition was most formidable\" and \"bids to become a popular idol.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 35], "content_span": [36, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069484-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Chatham Cup\nThe 1952 Chatham Cup was the 25th annual nationwide knockout football competition in New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069484-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Chatham Cup\nThe competition was run on a regional basis, with regional associations each holding separate qualifying rounds. Teams taking part in the final rounds are known to have included North Shore United, Napier High School Old Boys, Wanganui United, Masterton Athletic, Kiwi United (Manawatu), Seatoun (Wellingtton), Woodbourne (Marlborough), Western (Christchurch), and Roslyn-Wakari (Dunedin).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069484-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Chatham Cup, The 1952 final\nThe final was dominated by Western; they scored early through Noel Joseph, and it was only the heroics of North Shore keeper Roy Gordon who stopped the Christchurch side going further ahead. With ten minutes left to play Herb Moyle scrambled an equaliser and the match was sent to extra time. The added half-hour was scoreless.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 32], "content_span": [33, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069484-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Chatham Cup, The 1952 final\nIn the days prior to penalty shootouts and replays, tied matches were decided on the number of corners won, and it was only through the last kick of the game that Western gained a corner to level the count. With the score and number of corners equal, it was decided that the trophy would be shared between the two sides. This was the only time this was to happen; replays were introduced to settle tied finals thereafter, with the first replay being played in the 1970 final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 32], "content_span": [33, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069485-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Chattanooga Moccasins football team\nThe 1952 Chattanooga Moccasins football team was an American football team that represented the University of Chattanooga (now known as the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga) as an independent during the 1952 college football season. In its 22nd year under head coach Scrappy Moore, the team compiled a 7\u20133 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069486-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Chicago Bears season\nThe 1952 season was the Chicago Bears' 33rd in the National Football League. The team failed to improve on their 7\u20135 record from 1951 and finished at 5\u20137 under head coach and owner George Halas, fifth in the NFL's National Conference. In 1952, the club continued its downward trend from the class of the league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069486-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Chicago Bears season, Regular season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 52], "content_span": [53, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069487-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Chicago Cardinals season\nThe 1952 Chicago Cardinals season was the 33rd season the team was in the league. The team improved on their previous output of 3\u20139, winning four games. They failed to qualify for the playoffs for the fourth consecutive season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069487-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Chicago Cardinals season, Schedule, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 50], "content_span": [51, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069488-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Chicago Cubs season\nThe 1952 Chicago Cubs season was the 81st season of the Chicago Cubs franchise, the 77th in the National League and the 37th at Wrigley Field. The Cubs finished fifth in the National League with a record of 77\u201377. Starting from this season, WGN was the exclusive television broadcast partner of the Cubs franchise with the transfer of WBKB ownership to CBS.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069488-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 69], "content_span": [70, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069488-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 62], "content_span": [63, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069488-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 67], "content_span": [68, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069488-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 64], "content_span": [65, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069488-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 65], "content_span": [66, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069489-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Chicago White Sox season\nThe 1952 Chicago White Sox season was the team's 52nd season in the major leagues, and its 53rd season overall. They finished with a record 81\u201373, good enough for third place in the American League, 14 games behind the 1st place New York Yankees.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069489-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Batting\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; R = Runs scored; H = Hits; 2B = Doubles; 3B = Triples; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in; BB = Base on balls; SO = Strikeouts; AVG = Batting average; SB = Stolen bases", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 52], "content_span": [53, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069489-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Pitching\nNote: W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; G = Games pitched; GS = Games started; SV = Saves; IP = Innings pitched; H = Hits allowed; R = Runs allowed; ER = Earned runs allowed; HR = Home runs allowed; BB = Walks allowed; K = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 53], "content_span": [54, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069490-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Chico State Wildcats football team\nThe 1952 Chico State Wildcats football team represented Chico State College during the 1952 college football season. Chico State competed in the Far Western Conference in 1952. They played home games at Chico High School in Chico, California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069490-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Chico State Wildcats football team\nThe 1952 Wildcats were led by first-year head coach Ernie Busch. Chico State finished the season with a record of one win and six losses (1\u20136, 1\u20133 FWC). The Wildcats were outscored by their opponents 85\u2013201 for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069490-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Chico State Wildcats football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Chico State players were selected in the 1953 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 64], "content_span": [65, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069491-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Chilean presidential election\nPresidential elections were held in Chile on 4 September 1952. The result was a victory for Carlos Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez del Campo, who ran as an independent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069491-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Chilean presidential election, Electoral system\nThe election was held using the absolute majority system, under which a candidate had to receive over 50% of the popular vote to be elected. If no candidate received over 50% of the vote, both houses of the National Congress would come together to vote on the two candidates who received the most votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 52], "content_span": [53, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069491-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Chilean presidential election, Candidates, Pedro Enrique Alfonso\nAlfonso was the candidate of the Radical Party, and was also supported by the social democratic parties. His government would have become the fourth consecutive Radical administration, since Pedro Aguirre Cerda was elected president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 69], "content_span": [70, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069491-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Chilean presidential election, Candidates, Salvador Allende\nAllende, a Senator, was the candidate of the Socialist Party, and was running for President for the first time. He had the support of the banned Communist Party. Allende would run three more times, winning in 1970.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 64], "content_span": [65, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069491-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Chilean presidential election, Candidates, Carlos Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez del Campo\nFormer President Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez was an independent Senator for Santiago, and was attempting to reach the presidency, once again, by popular vote. He had the support of minor parties, like the Socialist Popular Party and the Agrarian Labor Party, among others.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 71], "content_span": [72, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069491-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Chilean presidential election, Candidates, Arturo Matte\nMatte was a Liberal Party Senator supported by the Liberal and Conservative parties. He was Finance Minister under the administration of Juan Antonio R\u00edos.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 60], "content_span": [61, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069492-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Cincinnati Bearcats football team\nThe 1952 Cincinnati Bearcats football team was an American football team that represented the University of Cincinnati as a member of the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1952 college football season. The Bearcats were led by head coach Sid Gillman and compiled a 8\u20131\u20131 record and were named MAC Champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069493-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Cincinnati Reds season\nThe 1952 Cincinnati Reds season was the franchise's 63rd year as a member of the National League and its 71st consecutive year of operation in Major League Baseball. The Reds won 69 games, lost 85, and finished sixth, drawing 604,197 spectators to Crosley Field, next-to-last in the eight-team league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069493-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 72], "content_span": [73, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069493-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 65], "content_span": [66, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069493-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069493-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 67], "content_span": [68, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069493-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 68], "content_span": [69, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069494-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Claxton Shield\nThe 1952 Claxton Shield was the 13th annual Claxton Shield, it was held in Perth, Western Australia. The participants were South Australia, New South Wales, Victoria and Western Australia. The series was won by the home team, Western Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069494-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Claxton Shield\nThis Australian baseball-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069495-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Clemson Tigers football team\nThe 1952 Clemson Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Clemson College in the Southern Conference during the 1952 college football season. In its 13th season under head coach Frank Howard, the team compiled a 2\u20136\u20131 record and was outscored by a total of 157 to 112. The team played its home games at Memorial Stadium in Clemson, South Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069495-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Clemson Tigers football team\nWhen Clemson and Maryland defied the Southern Conference's ban on postseason games by participating in bowl games after the 1951 season, the conference placed both schools on probation for one year and imposed a football scheduling boycott against them. Accordingly, Clemson was able to play games against only two conference opponents in 1952: Maryland (also on probation) and South Carolina (the annual \"Big Thursday\" rivalry game was set by the South Carolina Legislature and was therefore exempted from the boycott).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069495-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Clemson Tigers football team\nGeorge Rodgers was the captain of the 1952 Clemson team. The team's statistical leaders included tailback Don King with 317 passing yards and fullback Red Whitten with 445 rushing yards. Four players tied for the scoring leadership with 18 points each: Don King, Red Whitten, tailback Billy Hair, and wingback Buck George.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069495-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Clemson Tigers football team\nThree Clemson players were named to the All-South Carolina football team for 1952: Billy Hair, tackle Earl Wrightenberry, and guard Tom Barton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069495-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Clemson Tigers football team\nClemson did not return to the Southern Conference, opting in June 1953 to leave the conference along with Duke Maryland, North Carolina, NC State, South Carolina, and Wake Forest in forming the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069496-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Cleveland Browns season\nThe 1952 Cleveland Browns season was the team's third season with the National Football League and seventh season overall. They were 8\u20134 in the regular season and won the American Conference. Cleveland hosted the NFL Championship Game, but lost 17\u20137 to the Detroit Lions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069496-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Cleveland Browns season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 1\nThe Browns avenged their December championship game loss to Los Angeles with a 37\u20137 romp over the Rams at Cleveland Stadium. The Browns took a 23\u20130 halftime lead and never headed. Ken Carpenter rushed for 145 yards on 16 carries and the Browns defense limited Rams quarterbacks Norm Van Brocklin and Bob Waterfield to a combined six completions in 27 attempts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 68], "content_span": [69, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069496-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Cleveland Browns season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 4\nDespite being without injured wide receiver Dante Lavelli and Carpenter and then losing defensive end Bob Gain to a broken jaw, the Browns had little problem pounding the Eagles 49\u20137 in Philadelphia. It is Cleveland's 5th win over Philadelphia in as many meetings. Otto Graham threw for 290 yards and four touchdowns and even backup quarterback George Ratterman got into the act, throwing an 11-yard touchdown pass to Horace Gillom.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 68], "content_span": [69, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069496-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Cleveland Browns season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 6\nIn the first-ever regular season meeting between the Detroit Lions and the Browns, the Lions won 17\u20136, at Briggs Stadium. The Lions led 10\u20136, when a Graham pass intended for Ray Renfro was picked off by Detroit's Jack Christiansen. On the Lions next play from scrimmage, Bob Hoernschemeyer ran for 41 yards, setting up a Bobby Layne to Leon Hart touchdown pass.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 68], "content_span": [69, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069496-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Cleveland Browns season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 10\nThe Browns took a one-game lead in the Eastern Conference with a 48\u201324 win at Washington. Chick Jagade ran for 127 yards on 16 carries, including a 17-yard touchdown scamper on a draw play. Carpenter also had a big day returning punts including one for 53 yards and a touchdown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 69], "content_span": [70, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069496-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Cleveland Browns season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 12\nNeeding a win in the season finale to clinch the American Conference Title, the Browns (8\u20133) traveled to the Polo Grounds in New York City, but lost to the Giants, 37\u201334. Charlie Conerly fired four touchdown passes for the Giants while Graham threw three interceptions. The Browns clinched anyway when Washington upset Philadelphia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 69], "content_span": [70, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069496-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 Cleveland Browns season, Regular season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 55], "content_span": [56, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069497-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Cleveland Indians season\nThe 1952 Cleveland Indians season was a season in American baseball. The team finished second in the American League with a record of 93\u201361, just two games behind the New York Yankees.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069497-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 74], "content_span": [75, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069497-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 67], "content_span": [68, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069497-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069497-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069497-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 70], "content_span": [71, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069498-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Cleveland by-election\nThe 1952 Cleveland by-election was held on 23 October 1952. It was held due to the death of the incumbent Labour MP, George Willey. It was retained by the Labour candidate, Arthur Palmer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069499-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Colgate Red Raiders football team\nThe 1952 Colgate Red Raiders football team was an American football team that represented Colgate University as an independent during the 1952 college football season. In its first season under head coach Hal Lahar, the team compiled a 6\u20133 record and outscored opponents by a total of 195 to 107. Donald Main was the team captain. The team played its home games at Colgate Athletic Field in Hamilton, New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 449]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069500-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 College Baseball All-America Team\nAn All-American team is an honorary sports team composed of the best amateur players of a specific season for each team position\u2014who in turn are given the honorific \"All-America\" and typically referred to as \"All-American athletes\", or simply \"All-Americans\". Although the honorees generally do not compete together as a unit, the term is used in U.S. team sports to refer to players who are selected by members of the national media. Walter Camp selected the first All-America team in the early days of American football in 1889.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 569]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069500-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 College Baseball All-America Team\nFrom 1947 to 1980, the American Baseball Coaches Association was the only All-American selector recognized by the NCAA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069501-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 College Football All-America Team\nThe 1952 College Football All-America team is composed of college football players who were selected as All-Americans by various organizations and writers that chose College Football All-America Teams in 1952. The eight selectors recognized by the NCAA as \"official\" for the 1952 season are (1) the Associated Press, (2) the United Press, (3) the All-America Board, (4) the American Football Coaches Association (AFCA), (5) the Football Writers Association of America (FWAA), (6) the International News Service (INS), (7) the Newspaper Enterprise Association (NEA), and (8) the Sporting News.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 631]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069501-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 College Football All-America Team\nMaryland quarterback Jack Scarbath and Notre Dame halfback Johnny Lattner were the only two players to be unanimously named first-team All-Americans by all eight official selectors. Lattner was awarded the 1952 Heisman Trophy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069501-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 College Football All-America Team, Consensus All-Americans\nFor the year 1952, the NCAA recognizes eight published All-American teams as \"official\" designations for purposes of its consensus determinations. The following chart identifies the NCAA-recognized consensus All-Americans and displays which first-team designations they received.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 63], "content_span": [64, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069502-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 College World Series\nThe 1952 College World Series was the sixth NCAA-sanctioned baseball tournament that determined a national champion. The tournament was held as the conclusion of the 1952 NCAA baseball season and was played at Johnny Rosenblatt Stadium in Omaha, Nebraska from June 12 to June 17. The tournament's champion was the Holy Cross Crusaders, coached by Jack Barry. The Most Outstanding Player was James O'Neill of Holy Cross.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069502-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 College World Series\nThe tournament consisted of no preliminary round of play as teams were selected directly into the College World Series. From 1954 to the present, teams compete in the NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament preliminary round(s), to determine the eight teams that will play in the College World Series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069503-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Colorado A&M Aggies football team\nThe 1952 Colorado A&M Aggies football team represented Colorado State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts in the Skyline Conference during the 1952 college football season. In their sixth season under head coach Bob Davis, the Aggies compiled a 6\u20134 record (4\u20132 against Skyline opponents), finished third in the Skyline Conference, and outscored all opponents by a total of 177 to 137.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069504-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Colorado Buffaloes football team\nThe 1952 Colorado Buffaloes football team was an American football team that represented the University of Colorado during the 1952 college football season. Head coach Dallas Ward led the team to a 2\u20132\u20132 mark in the \"Big 7\" and 6\u20132\u20132 overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069505-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Colorado State Bears baseball team\nThe 1952 Colorado State Bears baseball team represented Colorado State College of Education in the 1952 NCAA baseball season. The Bears played their home games at Jackosn Field. The team was coached by Pete Butler in his 10th year at Colorado State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069505-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Colorado State Bears baseball team\nThe Bears won the District VII playoff to advance to the College World Series, where they were defeated by the Western Michigan Broncos.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069506-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Colorado gubernatorial election\nThe 1952 Colorado gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1952. Incumbent Republican Daniel I. J. Thornton defeated Democratic nominee John W. Metzger with 57.08% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069507-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Columbia Lions football team\nThe 1952 Columbia Lions football team was an American football team that represented Columbia University as an independent during the 1952 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069507-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Columbia Lions football team\nIn their 23rd season under head coach Lou Little, the Lions compiled a 2\u20136\u20131 record, and were outscored 184 to 117. Robert McCullough was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069507-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Columbia Lions football team\nColumbia played its home games at Baker Field in Upper Manhattan, in New York City.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069508-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Economic Conference\nThe 1952 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Economic Conference was an emergency Meeting of the Heads of Government of the British Commonwealth. It was called by the British government of Sir Winston Churchill and  held in the United Kingdom in December 1952 as a follow-up to a Commonwealth Finance Minister's conference held in January 1952. The conference was held in the context of British economic and military decline and the United States' surging role in the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069508-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Economic Conference\nThe principal topic of the conference was the convertibility and liquidity of Pound sterling into American dollars and British concerns that non-sterling Commonwealth countries were building up sterling balances for the purpose of conversion into American dollars, the future of the Pound sterling area, and the alleviation of Commonwealth trade restrictions and imperial preference, particularly in the light of the surging American economy and the desire of Commonwealth countries such as Australia for American investment in order for economic development to occur against British concerns that American economic dominance threatened Britain's economic position. This discussion was necessary as the Commonwealth, with the exception of Canada, had a common pool of gold and dollar reserves. Little was accomplished in the economic discussion with the final communique being described as an \"agreement in platitudes\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 974]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069508-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Economic Conference\nBritish concerns at being excluded from the ANZUS military treaty between Australia, New Zealand and the United States were also a topic and were addressed by a communique issued by the prime ministers supporting Britain's demand for a voice in ANZUS.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069508-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Economic Conference\nIn addition, Commonwealth prime ministers, after months of discussion on whether the newly ascended Queen Elizabeth II should have a uniform Royal Styles and Titles throughout the Commonwealth or whether realms should adopt their own styles and titles, it was agreed that each member of the Commonwealth \"should use for its own purposes a form of the Royal Style and Titles which suits its own particular circumstances but retains a substantial element which is common to all\"  and agreed to pass appropriate legislation in their respective parliaments. The prime ministers also agreed to proclaim the new Queen, Elizabeth II, Head of the Commonwealth in succession of her late father, George VI.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 751]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069509-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Connecticut Huskies football team\nThe 1952 Connecticut Huskies football team represented the University of Connecticut in the 1952 college football season. The Huskies were led by first year head coach Bob Ingalls, and completed the season with a record of 5\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069510-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Constitution of Romania\nThe 1952 Constitution of Romania, also called the \"constitution of building socialism\", expressed the consolidation of Communist power, featuring greater ideological content than its 1948 predecessor. A draft was written by a commission elected by the Great National Assembly on March 27, 1952, and published on July 18. By a 324-0 vote, it was adopted by the Great National Assembly on September 24, when it came into force, and published three days later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069510-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Constitution of Romania\nThe document contained an introductory chapter and ten further chapters containing 105 articles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069510-0001-0001", "contents": "1952 Constitution of Romania\nRomania was proclaimed a \"state of working people from the cities and villages\" that \"was born as a result of the historic victory of the Soviet Union against German fascism and the liberation of Romania by the glorious Red Army, a liberation that empowered the working people, above all the working class led by the Communist Party, to demolish the fascist dictatorship, to destroy the power of the exploiting classes and to build a state of popular democracy, which fully coincides with the interests and hopes of Romania's popular masses\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 571]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069510-0001-0002", "contents": "1952 Constitution of Romania\nThe document provided for the state's independence and sovereignty to be \"defended\" by the \"friendship and alliance with the great Soviet Union\". The state's domestic politics were oriented toward \"liquidating the exploitation of man by man and the construction of socialism\" by strengthening and increasing the socialist sector of the economy and by realizing \"in consequence a policy of limiting and eliminating capitalist elements\". Among the Romanian state's functions were to repress \"the classes removed from power\" and to defend against external aggression. Through explicit provisions, the state was to have a dominant role not only in the economy, but also in areas such as education and culture.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 734]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069510-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Constitution of Romania\nRegarding political institutions, there was no change from the preceding constitution, the Great National Assembly continuing as the supreme organ of state power, while local governing bodies were now known as \"popular assemblies\" (sfaturi populare). The Romanian Workers' Party was proclaimed \"the leading force both of those who work, as well as of the state organs and institutions\", at the same time gathering around itself \"all organisations of those who work\". Like its predecessor, the constitution enshrined citizens' fundamental rights and freedoms. In practice, these freedoms were not respected. For example, the constitutional guarantee of freedom of association was effectively neutered by a provision that banned associations of a \"fascist or antidemocratic character,\" which was broadly interpreted to ban nearly all associations that opposed Communist rule.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 902]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069510-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Constitution of Romania\nModified 11 times in the ensuing years, the 1952 Constitution was abrogated on August 21, 1965, when the 1965 Constitution of Romania came into force.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069511-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Coorg Legislative Assembly election\nThe 1952 Coorg Legislative Assembly election was held to constitute the Coorg Legislative Assembly, electing members of legislature for 18 constituencies of the erstwhile Indian State of Coorg. It took place on 27 March 1952 and a total of 87,947 people voted 24 out of 60 candidates to power. This was the only election to the assembly before the State was merged into Mysore (later renamed as Karnataka) as per the States Reorganisation Act in 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069511-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Coorg Legislative Assembly election, Constituencies\nA total of 24 seats were up for election from 18 constituencies; six two-member constituencies and twelve single-member constituencies. No seats were reserved for Scheduled Castes or Scheduled Tribes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 56], "content_span": [57, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069511-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Coorg Legislative Assembly election, Contestants\nSixty candidates contested the election. The Indian National Congress presented candidates in all 24 constituencies. There were also 34 independent candidates. The Takkadi Party, which campaigned against merger into Mysore State, contested as independents. The Takkadi Party was led by Pandyanda Belliappa, a veteran Gandhian. A third force in the election was the Communist Party of India, that only presented two candidates (C.B. Monniah in Hudikeri and B.N. Kuttappa in Siddapur). No female candidates were in the fray.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 53], "content_span": [54, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069511-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Coorg Legislative Assembly election, Results\nThe Indian National Congress (INC) emerged victorious, winning 15 out of the 24 seats. The INC leader C. M. Poonacha won his seat from the Berriathnad constituency, with 1,969 votes (71.37 per cent of the votes polled in the constituency). Nine independent candidates won the remaining seats. Belliappa won his seat Ammathi Nad with 1,667 votes (57.25 per cent of votes polled). INC candidates got 55.54 per cent of the votes polled statewide, independents 42.88 per cent and the two communist candidates 1.58 per cent. The candidate with the highest percentage of votes polled in his favour was G. Lingarajayya, the INC candidate in Fraserpet, who polled 2,375 votes (71.64 per cent).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 49], "content_span": [50, 735]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069511-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Coorg Legislative Assembly election, Results, Members of the Coorg Legislative Assembly, 1952\nAfter the election, Poonacha formed a two-member cabinet, consisting of himself as Chief Minister and Kuttur Mallapa (elected to the assembly from the Sanivarsanthe constituency) as Home Minister.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 98], "content_span": [99, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069512-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Copa Rio\nThe 1952 Copa Rio was the second and last edition of the Copa Rio, the first intercontinental club football tournament with teams from Europe and South America, held in Rio de Janeiro and S\u00e3o Paulo from 12 July to 2 August. Participant clubs were divided into two zones of four teams, playing each other once in a single round-robin tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069512-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Copa Rio\nThe tournament featured players such as Obdulio Varela, Roque M\u00e1spoli, Alcides Ghiggia, Juan Alberto Schiaffino of Pe\u00f1arol, Jos\u00e9 Travassos of Sporting Lisbon, Didi, Joao Pinheiro of Fluminense, Luizinho, goalkeeper Gilmar of Corinthians and Roger Vonlanthen of Grasshopper.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069512-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Copa Rio\nThe final was played in a two-legged format, contested by Brazilian teams Fluminense and Corinthians. Fluminense won the series 2\u20131 on points, achieving their first Copa Rio trophy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069513-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Copa del General\u00edsimo\nThe 1952 Copa del General\u00edsimo was the 50th staging of the Copa del Rey, the Spanish football cup competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069513-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Copa del General\u00edsimo\nThe competition began on 17 April 1952 and concluded on 25 May 1952 with the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069514-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Copa del General\u00edsimo Final\nThe Copa del General\u00edsimo 1952 Final was the 50th final of the King's Cup. The final was played at Estadio Chamart\u00edn in Madrid, on 25 May 1952, being won by CF Barcelona, who beat Valencia CF 4-2 after extra time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069515-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Copa del General\u00edsimo Juvenil\nThe 1952 Copa del General\u00edsimo Juvenil was the second staging of the tournament. The competition began on April 28, 1952, and ended on May 25, 1952, with the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069516-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship\nThe 1952 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship was the 43rd staging of the Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1909.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069516-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship\nBandon won the championship following a 1-05 to 1-02 defeat of St. Finbarr's in the final. This was their first ever championship title in the grade.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069517-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Cork Senior Football Championship\nThe 1952 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 64th staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069517-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Cork Senior Football Championship\nOn 16 November 1952, Clonakilty won the championship following a 1-04 to 0-04 defeat of Collins in the final. This was their 7th championship title overall and their first title since 1947.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069518-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Cork Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1952 Cork Senior Hurling Championship was the 63rd staging of the Cork Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887. The draw for the opening round fixtures took place at the Cork Convention on 20 January 1952. The championship began on 27 April 1952 and ended on 5 October 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069518-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Cork Senior Hurling Championship\nSarsfields were the defending champions, however, they were defeated by Avondhu in the first round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069518-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Cork Senior Hurling Championship\nOn 5 October 1952, Avondhu won the championship following a 3-08 to 4-04 defeat of St. Finbarr's in a replay of the final. This was their first championship title ever.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069519-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Cornell Big Red football team\nThe 1952 Cornell Big Red football team was an American football team that represented Cornell University as an independent during the 1952 college football season. In its sixth season under head coach George K. James, the team compiled a 2\u20137 record and was outscored 195 to 68. Bill Whelan was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069519-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Cornell Big Red football team\nCornell played its home games at Schoellkopf Field in Ithaca, New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069520-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Cotton Bowl Classic\nThe 1952 Cotton Bowl Classic was the sixteenth installment of the Cotton Bowl Classic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069520-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Cotton Bowl Classic, Background\nThe game featured the Kentucky Wildcats of the Southeastern Conference and the Texas Christian Horned Frogs of the Southwest Conference. Texas Christian (6-4 entering the game, 5-1 in the SWC) was ranked #11 in the AP poll prior to the game. Kentucky (7-4, 3-3 SEC) had been ranked as high as #6 in the AP poll during the season but was ranked #15 entering the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 36], "content_span": [37, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069520-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Cotton Bowl Classic, Game summary\nIn the first quarter, Kentucky quarterback Babe Parilli threw a five-yard touchdown pass to Emery Clark; Harry Jones' point after gave the Wildcats a 7-0 lead. In the second quarter, a 57-yard Kentucky drive ended when Parilli completed a 13-yard touchdown pass to Clark. The point after was no good, resulting in a halftime score of Kentucky 13, Texas Christian 0, despite Texas Christian drives that got all the way to the Kentucky 4-, 24-, 5- and 2-yard lines during the half.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069520-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Cotton Bowl Classic, Game summary\nTexas Christian scored first in the second half after a four-play, 80-yard drive as Bobby Jack Floyd ran for a 43-yard touchdown on a sweep. Keith Flowers' point after made it Kentucky 13, Texas Christian 7 with 1:12 left in the third quarter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069520-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Cotton Bowl Classic, Game summary\nKentucky's Ed Hamilton scored on a 3-yard run and the Jones' point with 3:33 left in the fourth quarter resulted in the final score of Kentucky 20, Texas Christian 7.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069520-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Cotton Bowl Classic, Game summary\nKentucky's Emery Clark, Babe Parilli and Ray Correll were named the MVPs of the game. Kentucky's Tom Fillon had a game high 73 rushing yards (on 10 attempts); Kentucky's Steve Meilinger had 61 receiving yards on 3 catches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069521-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 County Championship\nThe 1952 County Championship was the 53rd officially organised running of the County Championship. Surrey won the Championship title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069521-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 County Championship, Table\nWarwickshire and Lancashire records include eight points for a tied match with first innings lead; Sussex and Essex records include four points for tied match without first innings lead. Glamorgan and Worcestershire records include two points each for tie on first innings in drawn match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 31], "content_span": [32, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069522-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Coupe de France Final\nThe 1952 Coupe de France Final was a football match held at Stade Olympique Yves-du-Manoir, Colombes on May 4, 1952, that saw OGC Nice defeat FC Girondins de Bordeaux 5\u20133 with goals by Victor Nuremberg, Luis Carniglia, Jean Belver, Abdelaziz Ben Tifour and Georges C\u00e9sari.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069523-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Crit\u00e9rium du Dauphin\u00e9 Lib\u00e9r\u00e9\nThe 1952 Crit\u00e9rium du Dauphin\u00e9 Lib\u00e9r\u00e9 was the 6th edition of the cycle race and was held from 1 June to 8 June 1952. The race started and finished in Grenoble. The race was won by Jean Dotto of the France Sport team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069524-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Cuban coup d'\u00e9tat\nThe 1952 Cuban coup d'\u00e9tat took place in Cuba on March 10, 1952, when the Cuban Constitutional Army, led by Fulgencio Batista, intervened in the election that was scheduled to be held on June 1, staging a coup d'\u00e9tat and establishing a de facto military dictatorship in the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069524-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Cuban coup d'\u00e9tat, Background and events\nFrom the 1933 Sergeants' Revolt onwards, Fulgencio Batista acted as an \u00e9minence grise, making and undoing governments in Cuba.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 45], "content_span": [46, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069524-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Cuban coup d'\u00e9tat, Background and events\nAfter eight years of government under the democratically-elected presidencies of Ram\u00f3n Grau (1944\u20131948) and Carlos Pr\u00edo Socarr\u00e1s (1948\u20131952), Batista was one of the candidates in the 1952 election. However, as some of the polling put him in a distant third place, on March 10, 1952, just four months before the presidential election, Batista struck, using his position within the Army and being supported by some political sectors of the country. The coup itself was bloodless, but it attracted the attention and concern of most of the population. Batista overthrew President Carlos Pr\u00edo Socarr\u00e1s, canceled the election and took control of the government as \"Provisional President.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 45], "content_span": [46, 728]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069524-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Cuban coup d'\u00e9tat, Aftermath\nBatista (whose rule was formalized after the 1954 general election) went on to rule the country until January 1, 1959, when he was forced into exile with his family (first to the Trujillo\u2013ruled Dominican Republic, then Corporatist Portugal and eventually Francoist Spain). Batista's exile marked the climax of the Cuban Revolution, which started on July 26, 1953 with the attack on the Moncada Barracks in Santiago de Cuba, and saw Fidel Castro emerging as the new leader of Cuba.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069525-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Cup of the Ukrainian SSR\nThe 1952 Ukrainian Cup was a football knockout competition conducting by the Football Federation of the Ukrainian SSR and was known as the Ukrainian Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069525-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Cup of the Ukrainian SSR, Teams, Non-participating teams\nThe Ukrainian teams of masters did not take part in the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 61], "content_span": [62, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069526-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei\nThe 1952 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei was the 15th edition of Romania's most prestigious football cup competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069526-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei\nThe title was won by CCA Bucure\u0219ti against Flac\u0103ra Ploie\u015fti.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 79]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069526-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei, Format\nIn the first round proper, two pots were made, first pot with Divizia A teams and other teams till 16 and the second pot with the rest of teams qualified in this phase. First pot teams will play away. Each tie is played as a single leg.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 26], "content_span": [27, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069526-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei, Format\nIf a match is drawn after 90 minutes, the game goes in extra time, and if the scored is still tight after 120 minutes, the team who plays away will qualify.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 26], "content_span": [27, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069526-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei, Format\nIn case the teams are from same city, there a replay will be played.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 26], "content_span": [27, 95]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069526-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei, Format\nIn case the teams play in the final, there a replay will be played.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 26], "content_span": [27, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069526-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei, Format\nFrom the first edition, the teams from Divizia A entered in competition in sixteen finals, rule which remained till today.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 26], "content_span": [27, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069527-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei Final\nThe 1952 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei Final was the 15th final of Romania's most prestigious football cup competition. It was disputed between CCA Bucure\u0219ti and Flac\u0103ra Ploie\u015fti, and was won by CCA Bucure\u0219ti after a game with 2 goals. It was the fourth cup title, all in row, in the history of CCA Bucure\u0219ti.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069528-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Currie Cup\nThe 1952 Currie Cup was the 24th edition of the Currie Cup, the premier domestic rugby union competition in South Africa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069528-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Currie Cup\nThe tournament was won by  Transvaal for the fourth time; they beat  Boland 11\u20139 in the final in Wellington.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069529-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Czechoslovak First League, Overview\nIt was contested by 14 teams, and Sparta \u010cKD Sokolovo won the championship. Miroslav Wiecek was the league's top scorer with 20 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069530-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Dahomeyan Territorial Assembly election\nElections for the Territorial Assembly were held in French Dahomey on 30 March 1952. Sourou-Migan Apithy's Republican Party of Dahomey won 19 of the 32 second college seats. Only ten members of the Legislative Council elected in 1947 were re-elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069530-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Dahomeyan Territorial Assembly election, Background\nThe Legislative Council had been created as part of the constitutional reforms that created French Fourth Republic. In 1952 it was converted into the Territorial Assembly, and was enlarged from 30 to 50 seats. The Assembly was elected by two electoral colleges; 18 by the first electoral college and 32 by the second.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 56], "content_span": [57, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069531-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Dallas Texans season\nThe 1952 Dallas Texans season was the franchise's only season in the league while in Dallas after moving from New York, where they were previously known as the Yanks, and the continuation of the Dayton Triangles, the final remaining Ohio League franchise that had yet to fold. The franchise continued to struggle immensely and lost their first nine games, finishing 1\u201311, the worst record in the 12-team league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069531-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Dallas Texans season\nAfter its seventh game, the franchise was returned to the NFL on November 14. The Texans' home game against the Chicago Bears was moved to Thanksgiving and to the Rubber Bowl in Akron, Ohio, and was their only victory. The final home game with the Lions was moved to Briggs Stadium in Detroit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069531-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Dallas Texans season\nThe franchise was resurrected by the NFL, with the players and assets being purchased by Carroll Rosenbloom in 1953, and became known as the Colts in Baltimore, Maryland, with hall of famers Gino Marchetti and Art Donovan amongst others remaining with the team as a largely contiguous unit. Professional football did not return to the \"Big D\" until 1960, with the births of the Cowboys and the AFL's Texans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069531-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Dallas Texans season, Regular season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 52], "content_span": [53, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069532-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Damxung earthquake\nThe 1952 Damxung earthquake struck Tibet with moment magnitude of 7.5 in the early morning hours of August 18. The epicenter was located in the Nyenchen Tanglha Mountains in Damxung County, Lhasa Prefecture, Tibet Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China. There was significant damage in Damxung (Dangquka) and nearby Nagqu County. It was felt in Lhasa, over 100\u00a0km (62\u00a0mi) to the south.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069532-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Damxung earthquake\nThe earthquake damaged Reting Monastery and 54 people died at Reting (Razheng) and Tangmu. The total number of fatalities is unknown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069532-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Damxung earthquake\nDamxung County suffered another significant earthquake in 2008, further southwest parallel to the Nyenchen Tanglha Mountains.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069533-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Dartmouth Indians football team\nThe 1952 Dartmouth Indians football team was an American football team that represented Dartmouth College as an independent during the 1952 college football season. In their tenth season under head coach Tuss McLaughry, the Indians compiled a 2\u20137 record, and were outscored 198 to 116. Peter Reich was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069533-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Dartmouth Indians football team\nDartmouth played its home games at Memorial Field on the college campus in Hanover, New Hampshire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069534-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Davis Cup\nThe 1952 Davis Cup was the 41st edition of the most important tournament between national teams in men's tennis. 23 teams entered in the Europe Zone, 5 teams entered in the America Zone, and India was the sole competitor in the new Eastern Zone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069534-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Davis Cup\nThe United States defeated Canada in the America Zone final, and Italy defeated Belgium in the Europe Zone final. In the Inter-Zonal Zone, Italy defeated India in the semifinal, and then lost to the United States in the final. In the Challenge Round the United States fell to the defending champions Australia. The final was played at the Memorial Drive Park in Adelaide, Australia on 29\u201331 December.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069535-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Davis Cup America Zone\nThe America Zone was one of the two regional zones of the 1952 Davis Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069535-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Davis Cup America Zone\n5 teams entered the America Zone, with the winner going on to compete in the Inter-Zonal Zone against the winners of the Europe Zone and Eastern Zone. The United States defeated Canada in the final and progressed to the Inter-Zonal Zone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069536-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Davis Cup Europe Zone\nThe Europe Zone was one of the two regional zones of the 1952 Davis Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069536-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Davis Cup Europe Zone\n23 teams entered the Europe Zone, with the winner going on to compete in the Inter-Zonal Zone against the winners of the America Zone and Eastern Zone. Italy defeated Belgium in the final and progressed to the Inter-Zonal Zone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069537-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens football team\nThe 1952 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens football team was an American football team that represented the University of Delaware as an independent during the 1952 college football season. In its second season under head coach David M. Nelson, the team compiled a 4\u20134 record and outscored opponents by a total of 134 to 122. Paul Mueller was the team captain. The team played its home games at Wilmington Park in Wilmington, Delaware, and for the final two games at Delaware Stadium in Newark, Delaware.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069538-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Delaware State Hornets football team\nThe 1952 Delaware State Hornets football team represented Delaware State College\u2014now known as Delaware State University\u2014as a member of the Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association (CIAA) in the 1952 college football season. Led by coach Willard S. Jones in his second year, the Hornets compiled a 1\u20137 record, being shut out three times and outscored 48 to 205.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069539-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Delaware gubernatorial election\nThe 1952 Delaware gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069539-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Delaware gubernatorial election\nIncumbent Democratic Governor Elbert N. Carvel was defeated by Republican nominee J. Caleb Boggs, who won 52.11% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069539-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Delaware gubernatorial election, Nominations, Democratic nomination\nThe Democratic convention was held on August 26 at Dover.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 72], "content_span": [73, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069539-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Delaware gubernatorial election, Nominations, Republican nomination\nThe Republican convention was held on August 20 at Dover.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 72], "content_span": [73, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069540-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Delhi Legislative Assembly election\nThe first Delhi Legislative Assembly election to the Delhi Legislative Assembly was held on 27 March 1952. Forty-eight seats were up for election. Six of the constituencies elected two assembly members, the remaining 36 constituencies elected a single member.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069540-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Delhi Legislative Assembly election, Results\nCongress emerged as the single largest party in the first legislative elections held in Delhi. Chaudhary Brahm Prakash of Indian National Congress was elected Chief Minister.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 49], "content_span": [50, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069540-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Delhi Legislative Assembly election, State Reorganization\nOn 1 November 1956, under States Reorganisation Act, 1956, Delhi was made a Union Territory under the direct administration of the President of India and the Delhi Legislative Assembly was abolished simultaneously. Next legislative assembly elections in Delhi were held in 1993, when Union Territory of Delhi was formally declared as National Capital Territory of Delhi by the Sixty-ninth Amendment to the Indian constitution.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 62], "content_span": [63, 489]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069541-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Democratic National Convention\nThe 1952 Democratic National Convention was held at the International Amphitheatre in Chicago, Illinois from July 21 to July 26, 1952, which was the same arena the Republicans had gathered in a few weeks earlier for their national convention from July 7 to July 11, 1952. Four major candidates sought the presidential nomination: U.S. Senator Estes Kefauver of Tennessee, Governor Adlai Stevenson II of Illinois, Senator Richard Russell of Georgia and Averell Harriman of New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069541-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Democratic National Convention, Preparation\nIn 1952, the popularity of television was on the rise with 37% of American households owning televisions. As such, both Republican and Democratic party leaders recognized the rising importance of television and the impact it would have on the political process. Presidential campaigns bought paid advertisements on television, and they placed much energy into the organization of their respective nominating conventions in Chicago during July 1952. This was good foresight, as the average American television set was tuned into 26 hours of convention coverage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 48], "content_span": [49, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069541-0001-0001", "contents": "1952 Democratic National Convention, Preparation\nA commission was established by media representatives, chaired by Thomas Velotta of ABC, to work with party representatives to outline rules for the broadcast of their conventions that included guidelines for sponsorship of coverage. The commission also oversaw the outfitting of the International Amphitheater in Chicago for the live coast-to-coast broadcast of these conventions, the first time this had ever been done as AT&T had completed the first coaxial cable spanning coast-to-coast in 1951\u00a0\u2013\u00a0a nearly $40,000,000 investment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 48], "content_span": [49, 582]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069541-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Democratic National Convention, Preparation\nThe 1952 Republican National Convention had been held two weeks before the Democratic convention television, from July 7\u201311. During the Republican convention, cameras were restricted to the sides of the floor which did not allow for close, clear shots. The Democrats took note of what did and did not work at the Republican convention. They constructed a tower in the center of the floor for television cameras to capture better quality shots of the podium. Party officials closely monitored the camera angles during proceedings to exercise control over shots. Before the convention, party officials instructed delegates to conduct themselves professionally during the convention as the cameras were broadcasting their actions to millions. From the Democratic and Republican conventions of 1952 emerged the precedent of orchestrating American national party conventions as made-for-TV events.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 48], "content_span": [49, 941]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069541-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Democratic National Convention, Television coverage\nThe 1952 Democratic convention was the second political convention to be televised live, coast-to-coast (following the Republican Convention weeks earlier). Experiments in regionally broadcasting conventions took place during the Democratic and Republican conventions in 1948, however 1952 was the first year in which networks carried nationwide coverage of political conventions. After carefully watching the Republican Convention, the Democratic Party made last-minute alterations to their convention held in the same venue to make its broadcast more appealing to television audiences. They constructed a tower in the center of the convention hall to allow for a better camera shot of the podium, and they exercised more control over camera shots and the conduct of delegates in front of the cameras.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 56], "content_span": [57, 859]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069541-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Democratic National Convention, Television coverage\nBy the time the Democrats and the Republicans would reconvene in 1956, television would be the dominant medium of popular news coverage. Conventions were shortened in length, with daytime sessions being largely eliminated and the amount of welcoming speeches and parliamentary organization speeches being decreased (such as seconding speeches for vice-presidential candidates, which were eliminated). Additionally, conventions were given overlying campaign themes, and their sessions were scheduled in order to maximize exposure to prime-time audience. To provide a more telegenic broadcast, convention halls were decked-out in banners and other decorations, and television cameras were positioned at more-flattering angles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 56], "content_span": [57, 781]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069541-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Democratic National Convention, Democratic platform\nThe Democrats favored a strong national defense, collective security against the Soviet Union, multilateral disarmament, repeal of the Taft-Hartley Act, equal employment opportunities for minorities and public assistance for the aged, children, blind, and the disabled, expansion of the school lunch program, and continued efforts to fight racial discrimination.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 56], "content_span": [57, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069541-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 Democratic National Convention, Movement to draft Stevenson\nGovernor Stevenson, who stated that he was not a presidential candidate, was asked to give the welcoming address to the delegates. He proceeded to give a witty and stirring address that led his supporters to begin a renewed round of efforts to nominate him despite his protests. After meeting with Jacob Arvey, the boss of the Illinois delegation, Stevenson finally agreed to enter his name as a candidate for the nomination. The party bosses from other large Northern and Midwestern states quickly joined in support.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 64], "content_span": [65, 582]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069541-0006-0001", "contents": "1952 Democratic National Convention, Movement to draft Stevenson\nKefauver, a favorite in the primary race, led on the first ballot but had far fewer votes than necessary to win. Stevenson gradually gained strength until he was nominated on the third ballot. The convention then chose Senator John Sparkman of Alabama, a conservative and segregationist, as Stevenson's running mate. The Supreme Court would not decide Brown v. Board of Education for approximately another two years. Stevenson then delivered an eloquent acceptance speech in which he famously pledged to \"talk sense to the American people.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 64], "content_span": [65, 605]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069541-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 Democratic National Convention, Presidential balloting\nKefauver had the most delegates after the first round, but then President Truman weighed into the battle in favor of Stevenson. He persuaded Harriman to drop out and endorse the Illinois governor, thereby pre-empting support for Kefauver and Russell, whom Truman opposed; the President believed that nominating a Southern candidate from a state where Jim Crow laws were in force would forfeit potential support for the Democratic party from African-American and Northern white voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 59], "content_span": [60, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069541-0008-0000", "contents": "1952 Democratic National Convention, Presidential balloting\nStevenson was nominated on the third ballot. This is the last nomination contest of either major U.S. political party as of 2021 to require more than one round of voting to nominate a presidential candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 59], "content_span": [60, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069541-0009-0000", "contents": "1952 Democratic National Convention, Presidential balloting\nThe following table from Richard C. Bain and Judith H. Parris, Convention Decisions and Voting Records.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 59], "content_span": [60, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069541-0010-0000", "contents": "1952 Democratic National Convention, Vice Presidential selection\nAmong those considered for the VP spot by Stevenson included:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 64], "content_span": [65, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069541-0011-0000", "contents": "1952 Democratic National Convention, Vice Presidential selection\nAfter the delegates nominated Stevenson, the convention then turned to selecting a vice-president. The main candidates for this position were Kefauver, Russell, Barkley, Senator John Sparkman, and Senator A. S. Mike Monroney. After narrowing it down to Senator Sparkman and Senator Monroney, President Truman and a small group of political insiders chose Sparkman, a conservative and segregationist from Alabama, for the nomination.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 64], "content_span": [65, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069541-0011-0001", "contents": "1952 Democratic National Convention, Vice Presidential selection\nThe convention largely complied and nominated Sparkman as Stevenson's running mate, though nominations were made for two other candidates for the Vice Presidency, Vice Chairwoman of the Democratic National Committee India Edwards of California, and District Judge Sarah T. Hughes of Texas. Both withdrew their names in favor of Sparkman. Stevenson then delivered an eloquent acceptance speech in which he famously pledged to \"talk sense to the American people.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 64], "content_span": [65, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069541-0012-0000", "contents": "1952 Democratic National Convention, Election outcome\nAdlai Stevenson and running mate John Sparkman lost the election to Dwight D. Eisenhower and Richard M. Nixon on November 4, 1952. Despite the defeat, Stevenson was four years later again selected as the Democratic presidential nominee at the 1956 Democratic National Convention, with Kefauver as his running mate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 53], "content_span": [54, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069542-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Democratic Party presidential primaries\nFrom March 11 to June 3, 1952, voters of the Democratic Party chose its nominee for president in the 1952 United States presidential election. Although the popular vote proved conclusive, the 1952 Democratic National Convention held from July 21 to July 26, 1952, in Chicago, Illinois, was forced to go multiballot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069542-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Democratic Party presidential primaries, Candidates\nThe following political leaders were candidates for the 1952 Democratic presidential nomination:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 56], "content_span": [57, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069542-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Democratic Party presidential primaries, Candidates, Major candidates\nThese candidates participated in multiple state primaries or were included in multiple major national polls.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 74], "content_span": [75, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069542-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Democratic Party presidential primaries, Candidates, Major candidates, Bypassing primaries\nThe following candidates did not place their name directly on the ballot for any state's presidential primary, but may have sought to influence the selection of un-elected delegates or sought the support of uncommitted delegates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 95], "content_span": [96, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069542-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Democratic Party presidential primaries, Candidates, Favorite sons\nThe following candidates ran only in their home state's primary or caucus for the purpose of controlling its delegate slate at the convention and did not appear to be considered national candidates by the media.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 71], "content_span": [72, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069542-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Democratic Party presidential primaries, Primary race\nThe 1952 primary season was one of only two where a challenge to an incumbent president of either party was successful, the other being 1968. Prior to this, the last incumbent to try and fail to win his party's nomination was Chester Arthur in 1884 on the Republican side, and Andrew Johnson in 1868 on the Democratic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 58], "content_span": [59, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069542-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 Democratic Party presidential primaries, Primary race, The decline and fall of President Truman\nThe expected candidate for the Democratic nomination was incumbent President Harry S. Truman. However, Truman entered 1952 with his opinion poll popularity plummeting. The bloody and indecisive Korean War was dragging into its third year, Senator Joseph McCarthy's anti-Communist crusade was stirring public fears of an encroaching \u201cRed Menace\u201d, and the disclosure of widespread corruption among federal employees (including some high-level members of Truman's administration) left Truman at a low political ebb.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 100], "content_span": [101, 613]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069542-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 Democratic Party presidential primaries, Primary race, The decline and fall of President Truman\nTruman's main opponent was populist Tennessee Senator Estes Kefauver, who had chaired a nationally televised investigation of organized crime in 1951 and was known as a crusader against crime and corruption. The Gallup poll of February 15 showed Truman's weakness: nationally Truman was the choice of only 36% of Democrats, compared with 21% for Kefauver. Among independent voters, however, Truman had only 18% while Kefauver led with 36%. In the New Hampshire primary Kefauver upset Truman, winning 19,800 votes to Truman's 15,927 and capturing all eight delegates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 100], "content_span": [101, 667]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069542-0007-0001", "contents": "1952 Democratic Party presidential primaries, Primary race, The decline and fall of President Truman\nKefauver graciously said that he did not consider his victory \"a repudiation of Administration policies, but a desire...for new ideas and personalities.\" Stung by this setback, Truman soon announced that he would not seek re-election (however, Truman insisted in his memoirs that he had decided not to run for re-election well before his defeat by Kefauver).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 100], "content_span": [101, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069542-0008-0000", "contents": "1952 Democratic Party presidential primaries, Primary race, The rise of Estes Kefauver\nWith Truman's withdrawal, Kefauver became the front-runner for the nomination, and he won most of the primaries. Nonetheless, most states still chose their delegates at the Democratic Convention via state conventions, which meant that the party bosses - especially the mayors and governors of large Northern and Midwestern states and cities - were able to choose the Democratic nominee. These bosses (including President Truman) strongly disliked Kefauver; his investigations of organized crime had revealed connections between mafia figures and many of the big-city Democratic political organizations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 86], "content_span": [87, 689]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069542-0008-0001", "contents": "1952 Democratic Party presidential primaries, Primary race, The rise of Estes Kefauver\nThe party bosses thus viewed Kefauver as a maverick who could not be trusted, and they refused to support him for the nomination. Instead, with President Truman taking the lead, they began to search for other, more acceptable, candidates. However, most of the other candidates had a major weakness. Senator Richard Russell of Georgia had much Southern support, but his support of racial segregation and opposition to civil rights for Southern blacks led Northern delegates to reject him as a racist. Truman favored U.S. diplomat W. Averell Harriman of New York, but he had never held an elective office and was inexperienced in politics. Truman next turned to his Vice-President, Alben Barkley, but at 74 he was rejected as being too old by labor union leaders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 86], "content_span": [87, 848]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069542-0009-0000", "contents": "1952 Democratic Party presidential primaries, Primary race, Stevenson\nOne candidate soon emerged who seemingly had few political weaknesses: Governor Adlai Stevenson II of Illinois. The grandson of former Vice-President Adlai E. Stevenson, Stevenson came from a distinguished family in Illinois and was well known as a gifted orator, intellectual, and political moderate. In the spring of 1952 President Truman tried to convince Stevenson to take the presidential nomination, but Stevenson refused, stating that he wanted to run for re-election as Governor of Illinois. Yet Stevenson never completely took himself out of the race, and as the convention approached, many party bosses \u2013 as well as normally apolitical citizens \u2013 hoped that he could be \"drafted\" to run.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 69], "content_span": [70, 767]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069542-0010-0000", "contents": "1952 Democratic Party presidential primaries, Democratic National Convention\nThe 1952 Democratic National Convention was held in the International Amphitheatre in Chicago, the same venue where the Republicans had gathered two weeks earlier. The primary season had been decisively in Kefauver's favor and he had momentum coming in, but President Truman was still angry at \"Cow-Fever's\" defeat of him in New Hampshire, and the Tennessee Senator was unable to get enough delegate strength to win the nomination outright due to the delegate selection processes in most of the states at the time. The convention itself would prove, in retrospect, the last of its kind.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 76], "content_span": [77, 663]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069543-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection\nThis article lists those who were potential candidates for the Democratic nomination for Vice President of the United States in the 1952 election. After winning the presidential nomination on the third ballot of the 1952 Democratic National Convention, Illinois Governor Adlai Stevenson consulted with Democratic Party leaders such as President Harry S. Truman and Speaker Sam Rayburn. Stevenson chose Alabama Senator John Sparkman, a Southern centrist, as his running mate. Sparkman won the vice presidential nomination on the first ballot as no serious rival tried to displace Stevenson's choice.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 658]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069543-0000-0001", "contents": "1952 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection\nHowever, many Northerners were not enthused with the choice of Sparkman due to Sparkman's stance on civil rights. During the 1952 convention, Sparkman, who had supported Senator Richard Russell for president, played a part in watering down the party's platform on civil rights. New York Representative Adam Clayton Powell Jr. and others walked out of the convention after the choice of Sparkman was announced. The Democratic ticket lost the 1952 election to the Republican ticket of Dwight D. Eisenhower and Richard Nixon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 582]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069544-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Denver Pioneers football team\nThe 1952 Denver Pioneers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Denver in the Mountain States Conference (MSC) during the 1952 college football season. In its fifth and final season under head coach Johnny Baker, the team compiled a 3\u20137 record (0\u20137 against MSC opponents), finished last in the conference, and was outscored by a total of 190 to 143.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069545-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Detroit Lions season\nThe 1952 Detroit Lions season was the franchise's 23rd season in the National Football League. The Lions won their second National Football League (NFL) championship, having won their first championship 17 years earlier in 1935. The team's co-captains were halfback Bob Hoernschemeyer and defensive tackle John Prchlik, and defensive end Jim Doran was selected as the team's most valuable player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069545-0000-0001", "contents": "1952 Detroit Lions season\nIn their third year under head coach Buddy Parker, the 1952 Lions compiled a 9\u20133 record during the regular season, finished in a tie with the Los Angeles Rams for first place in the NFL's National Conference, defeated the Rams in a tiebreaker game, and defeated the Cleveland Browns, 17\u20137, in the 1952 NFL Championship Game at Municipal Stadium in Cleveland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069545-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Detroit Lions season\nThe 1952 Lions outscored opponents 354 to 192 in 12 regular season games and ranked first in the NFL with an average of 29.5 points scored per game. The offense was led by quarterback Bobby Layne who ranked second in the NFL with 2,410 yards of total offense \u2013 1,999 passing and 411 rushing. End Cloyce Box led the NFL with 15 touchdowns, including nine touchdown catches in the final three games of the regular season. For the third consecutive year, Bob Hoernschemeyer was the team's leading rusher with 457 yards and an average of 4.3 yards per carry. Jack Christiansen led the NFL with an average of 21.5 yards per punt return, returned two punts for touchdowns, and ranked fourth in the NFL with 731 punt and kick return yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 758]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069545-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Detroit Lions season\nThe Lions' defense ranked first in the NFL in points allowed, allowing 16 points per game during the regular season. Defensive back Bob Smith ranked among the NFL leaders with a 90-yard interception return (2nd), nine interceptions (3rd), and 184 interception return yards (3rd). Smith was also the team's punter and ranked second in the NFL with an average of 44.7 yards per punt. Six players from the 1952 Lions team, Layne, Christiansen, halfback Doak Walker, defensive back Yale Lary, and offensive linemen Lou Creekmur and Dick Stanfel, were later inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 623]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069545-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Detroit Lions season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 36], "content_span": [37, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069545-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Detroit Lions season, Season summary, Preseason\nThe 1951 Lions had compiled a 7\u20134\u20131 record and finished in a tie for second place in the NFL National Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 52], "content_span": [53, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069545-0004-0001", "contents": "1952 Detroit Lions season, Season summary, Preseason\nThe 1952 team was a veteran group, including quarterback Bobby Layne (fifth year in NFL, third in Detroit), fullback Pat Harder (seventh year in NFL, second in Detroit), halfbacks Doak Walker (third year in NFL, all in Detroit) and Bob Hoernschemeyer (seventh year in NFL, third in Detroit), ends Cloyce Box (third year in NFL, all in Detroit) and Leon Hart (third year in NFL, all in Detroit), defensive linemen Les Bingaman (fifth year in NFL, all in Detroit), John Prchlik (fourth year in NFL, all in Detroit), Thurman \"Fum\" McGraw (third year in NFL, all in Detroit), and defensive backs Don Doll (fourth year in NFL, all in Detroit), Jack Christiansen (second year in NFL, both in Detroit), and Bob Smith (fifth year in pro ball, fourth in Detroit).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 52], "content_span": [53, 807]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069545-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Detroit Lions season, Season summary, Preseason\nThe Lions won all six pre-season exhibition games as follows: (1) 28\u201313 over the Chicago Cardinals on August 18 at Amarillo, Texas; (2) 7\u20133 over Philadelphia Eagles at Little Rock, Arkansas; (3) 33\u201313 over the New York Giants on September 2; (4) 28\u201321 over the Cleveland Browns on September 6; (5) 21\u201314 over the Dallas Texans on September 12 at Dallas; and (6) 45\u20137 over the Washington Redskins on September 20. The Lions were considered a favorite for the NFL championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 52], "content_span": [53, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069545-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 Detroit Lions season, Season summary, Week 1: at San Francisco\nOn September 28, 1952, the Lions lost the first game of the regular season to the San Francisco 49ers by a 17\u20133 score in heavy fog at Kezar Stadium in San Francisco. The loss was the fourth in a row for the Lions against the 49ers, dating back to the 1950 season. The Lions' offense was limited to a 21-yard field goal by Doak Walker in the second quarter. Detroit turned the ball over five times on three interceptions and two fumbles. Joe Perry rushed 19 times for 80 yards and scored the 49ers first touchdown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 67], "content_span": [68, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069545-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 Detroit Lions season, Season summary, Week 2: at Los Angeles\nOn Friday, October 3, 1952, the Lions defeated the defending NFL champion Los Angeles Rams, 17\u201314, at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum. Bobby Layne threw two touchdown passes to Cloyce Box, the first set up by a Les Bingaman interception. The Lions led, 14\u20130, but the Rams scored later in the second quarter on a 20-yard run. Doak Walker kicked a 13-yard field goal in the third quarter that ended up providing the deciding margin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 65], "content_span": [66, 498]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069545-0008-0000", "contents": "1952 Detroit Lions season, Season summary, Week 3: San Francisco\nOn October 12, 1952, the Lions lost, 28-0 for the fifth consecutive time to the San Francisco 49ers. The Lions did not convert a first down in the first half, totaled only 114 yards of offense in the game, and were shut out for the first time since October 1948. The game was played at Briggs Stadium in front of the largest home crowd (56,822) in Lions history to that point.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 64], "content_span": [65, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069545-0008-0001", "contents": "1952 Detroit Lions season, Season summary, Week 3: San Francisco\nBob Latshaw in the Detroit Free Press called it \"as inept an exhibition as has ever been seen in Briggs Stadium\", as the 49ers \"smother[ed] any semblance of a Detroit offense.\" Having been billed as a championship contender in the preseason, the Lions had a 1-2 record after three regular season games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 64], "content_span": [65, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069545-0009-0000", "contents": "1952 Detroit Lions season, Season summary, Week 4: Los Angeles\nOn October 19, 1952, the Lions defeated the Los Angeles Rams, 24-16, in front of a crowd of 40,152 at Briggs Stadium. After the Lions' poor performance the prior week against the 49ers, the Detroit crowd booed the Lions as they came onto the field. The boos continued as the Rams took a 13-0 lead in the second quarter. From that point forward, the Lions outscored the Rams, 24 to 3. The comeback began with a 64-yard touchdown pass from Bobby Layne to Cloyce Box. The Lions scored two more touchdowns in the third quarter on a 29-yard interception return by LaVern Torgeson and a 10-yard touchdown pass from Bob Hoernschemeyer to Cloyce Box. Pat Harder added a field goal in the fourth quarter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 62], "content_span": [63, 758]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069545-0010-0000", "contents": "1952 Detroit Lions season, Season summary, Week 5: at Green Bay\nOn October 26, 1952, the Lions defeated the Green Bay Packers, 52\u201317, before a crowd of 24,656 at City Stadium in Green Bay. The 52 points scored by the Lions tied the franchise's all-time, single-game scoring record. Bobby Layne threw three touchdown passes, and Bob Hoernschemeyer rushed for two touchdowns. Jug Girard caught two touchdown passes and gained 130 yards, 69 receiving and 61 rushing. The Lions also scored on a 46-yard interception return by Bob Smith and a 65-yard punt return by Jack Christiansen. The defense held the Packers to 53 rushing yards, recovered four fumbles, and intercepted five passes. Pat Harder scored nine points on a 16-yard field goal and six extra points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 63], "content_span": [64, 758]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069545-0011-0000", "contents": "1952 Detroit Lions season, Season summary, Week 6: Cleveland\nOn November 2, 1952, the Lions defeated the Cleveland Browns, 17-6, in front of a crowd of 56,029 at Briggs Stadium. The game was the first meeting between the Lions and the Browns, the latter having joined the NFL in 1950. On defense, the Lions forced four turnovers, including three interceptions, and held the Browns to two Lou Groza field goals. On offense, Bobby Layne threw two touchdown passes to Leon Hart. Hart, playing on his 24th birthday, caught eight passes for 109 yards. Pat Harder also kicked a 43-yard field goal. Defensive end Jim Doran at one point sacked Cleveland quarterback Otto Graham on consecutive plays for losses totaling 36 yards. The Lions intercepted three passes and held the Browns to 12 rushing yards in the second half.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 60], "content_span": [61, 815]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069545-0012-0000", "contents": "1952 Detroit Lions season, Season summary, Week 7: at Pittsburgh\nOn November 9, 1952, the Lions defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers, 31\u20136, before a crowd of 26,170 at Forbes Field in Pittsburgh. Usually a pass-oriented offense, the Lions adopted a different approach against the Steelers, rushing for a season-high 321 yards. Bob Hoernschemeyer rushed for 107 yards on 20 carries, and Jug Girard contributed 71 yards and two touchdowns on six carries. Bobby Layne completed only four of 17 passes  for 70 yards, 46 of which came on a touchdown pass to Cloyce Box in the third quarter. On defense, the Lions held the Steelers to minus three yards rushing and intercepted two passes. Defensive halfback Bob Smith recovered a fumbled lateral that set up a field goal in the first quarter and returned an interception 90 yards late in the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 64], "content_span": [65, 837]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069545-0013-0000", "contents": "1952 Detroit Lions season, Season summary, Week 8: Dallas\nOn November 16, 1952, the Lions defeated the Dallas Texans, 43\u201313, before a crowd of 33,304 at Briggs Stadium. The loss was the eighth straight for the Texans. In the first half, the Lions took a 29-0 lead on two Pat Harder field goals, a 58-yard punt return by Yale Lary, an eight-yard run by Bobby Layne, a 55-yard touchdown pass from Layne to Cloyce Box, and a safety when defensive end Sonny Gandee tackled Pittsburgh quarterback Frank Tripucka in the end zone. In the fourth quarter, Harder kicked his third field goal, and fullback Ollie Cline scored on a two-yard run.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 57], "content_span": [58, 633]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069545-0014-0000", "contents": "1952 Detroit Lions season, Season summary, Week 9: at Chicago\nOn November 23, 1952, the Lions lost to the Chicago Bears, 24\u201323, before a crowd of 37,508 at Wrigley Field in Chicago. Bob Hoernschemeyer scored two rushing touchdowns, and Pat Harder also kicked a 31-yard field goal for the Lions. The Lions led, 16\u201310, at halftime, but the Bears took the lead in the third quarter on a 59-yard touchdown pass from George Blanda to Billy Stone. The Lions retook the lead, 23\u201317, when Jack Christiansen returned a punt 79 yards for a touchdown in the fourth quarter. With nine seconds left in the game, Blanda threw a two-yard touchdown pass to Ed Sprinkle for the winning score.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 61], "content_span": [62, 675]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069545-0015-0000", "contents": "1952 Detroit Lions season, Season summary, Week 10: Green Bay\nOn Thanksgiving Day, November 27, 1952, the Lions defeated the Green Bay Packers, 48\u201324, before a crowd of 39,101 at Briggs Stadium. The Lions scored 100 points in two games against the Packers during the 1952 season. In the Thanksgiving game, the Lions scored on five touchdown passes \u2013 three thrown by Bobby Layne and three caught by Cloyce Box. Layne accounted for over 300 yards of total offense \u2013 63 yards on 13 rushing carries and 249 yards on 16 of 30 passing. Box caught a total of nine passes for 155 yards. Pat Harder scored 17 points on a touchdown run, two field goals, and five extra points. On defense, the Lions forced eight turnovers, including six fumble recoveries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 61], "content_span": [62, 745]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069545-0016-0000", "contents": "1952 Detroit Lions season, Season summary, Week 11: Chicago\nOn December 7, 1952, the Lions defeated the Chicago Bears, 45\u201321, before a crowd of 50,410 at Briggs Stadium. The game was the Lions' first victory over the Bears in Detroit since 1945. Bobby Layne and Cloyce Box connected for three touchdown passes in the first half: for 29 and 28 yards in the first quarter and for 25 yards in the second quarter. Layne also threw an 11-yard pass to Jim Doran in the third quarter. In all, Layne completed 22 of 35 passes for 296 yards. Detroit's defense held the Bears to 37 rushing yards and 171 passing yards and intercepted six Chicago passes. Defensive back Jack Christiansen also played at running back, rushing for 54 yards and a touchdown on six carries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 59], "content_span": [60, 758]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069545-0017-0000", "contents": "1952 Detroit Lions season, Season summary, Week 12: Dallas\nOn Saturday, December 13, 1952, the Lions defeated the Dallas Texans, 41\u20136, before a small crowd of 12,252 at Briggs Stadium. With the win and the Rams' victory the following day, the Lions and Rams became co-champions of the NFL's National Conference. The game had originally been scheduled for December 14 in Dallas, but the NFL assumed control of the Texans one month earlier, and NFL commissioner Bert Bell decided that the Texans would play their remaining games \"on the road.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 58], "content_span": [59, 541]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069545-0018-0000", "contents": "1952 Detroit Lions season, Season summary, Week 12: Dallas\nBobby Layne led the Lions to a 14\u20130 lead in the first half on touchdown passes of 18 yards (a flea flicker with Layne passing to Cloyce Box who immediately lateraled the ball to Pat Harder) and 77 yards to Cloyce Box. Layne was injured (strained knee ligament) shortly before halftime and did not return to the game. Jim Hardy took over at quarterback and led the Lions to 27 points in the second half, including two touchdown passes to Box of 40 and 41 yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 58], "content_span": [59, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069545-0018-0001", "contents": "1952 Detroit Lions season, Season summary, Week 12: Dallas\nJack Christiansen also ran 65 yards for a touchdown in the fourth quarter, the Lions' longest rushing play of the season. Layne completed 10 of 20 passes for 167 yards, and Hardy completed nine of 15 passes for 147 yards. Box caught a total of seven passes for 202 yards and three touchdowns, setting a new Lions' team record with 15 touchdown receptions in a season. Harder scored 17 points in the game on a touchdown, two field goals, and five extra points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 58], "content_span": [59, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069545-0019-0000", "contents": "1952 Detroit Lions season, Season summary, Playoff game \u2013 Los Angeles\nOn December 21, 1952, the Lions defeated the Los Angeles Rams, 31\u201321, in a playoff game to decide who would advance to the NFL Championship Game. The Lions had beaten the Rams twice in the regular season and were a 1\u00bd-point favorite in the playoff. The playoff game was played in heavy fog and rain at Briggs Stadium before a crowd of 47,645. Pat Harder led both teams with 72 rushing yards on eight carries and scored 19 points on two touchdown runs in the first half, a 43-yard field goal in the third quarter, and four extra points. The Rams double-teamed and sometimes triple-teamed Cloyce Box, which opened the running game and allowed Leon Hart to have one of his best receiving days. Hart scored in the third quarter on a 24-yard pass from Doak Walker.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 69], "content_span": [70, 829]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069545-0020-0000", "contents": "1952 Detroit Lions season, Season summary, NFL Championship Game\nOn December 28, 1952, the Lions defeated the Cleveland Browns, 17\u20137, in the 1952 NFL Championship Game at Memorial Stadium in Cleveland. The Lions had defeated the Browns in both a preseason game and in a regular season game and were favored by 3\u00bd points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 64], "content_span": [65, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069545-0021-0000", "contents": "1952 Detroit Lions season, Season summary, NFL Championship Game\nBobby Layne rushed for a touchdown in the second quarter, and the Lions led, 7\u20130, at halftime. In the third quarter, Doak Walker ran 67 yards for a touchdown to extend the Lions' lead to 14 points. Walker's touchdown in the championship game was his first of the 1952 season. The Detroit Free Press wrote: \"The Doaker was the Walker of old as he twisted and turned, eluded tackler after tackler and ran 67 yards for the Lions' second touchdown.\" The Browns narrowed the lead to 14\u20137 on a seven-yard touchdown run by Chick Jagade in the third quarter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 64], "content_span": [65, 615]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069545-0021-0001", "contents": "1952 Detroit Lions season, Season summary, NFL Championship Game\nPat Harder added a 36-yard field goal in the fourth quarter. The Browns' outgained the Lions 384 yards to 258 and had 22 first downs to 10 for Detroit. The Lions' defense mounted four goal-line stands against the Browns' offense led by Otto Graham, and Lou Groza missed three field goal attempts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 64], "content_span": [65, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069545-0022-0000", "contents": "1952 Detroit Lions season, Awards, honors and league leaders, Team awards\nAt the end of the regular season, the Lions players selected defensive end Jim Doran as the team's most valuable player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 73], "content_span": [74, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069545-0023-0000", "contents": "1952 Detroit Lions season, Awards, honors and league leaders, All-NFL honors\nThe following six Lions players won All-NFL honors from the Associated Press (AP), United Press International (UPI) and/or the New York Daily News:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 76], "content_span": [77, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069545-0024-0000", "contents": "1952 Detroit Lions season, Awards, honors and league leaders, Pro Bowl\nThe following seven Lions players were selected to play in the 1953 Pro Bowl:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 70], "content_span": [71, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069545-0025-0000", "contents": "1952 Detroit Lions season, Awards, honors and league leaders, NFL leaders\nSeveral Lions players were also among the NFL leaders in various statistical categories, including the following:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 73], "content_span": [74, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069545-0026-0000", "contents": "1952 Detroit Lions season, Awards, honors and league leaders, Pro Football Hall of Fame\nFive members of the team were later inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame. They are:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 87], "content_span": [88, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069546-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Detroit Tigers season\nThe 1952 Detroit Tigers had a record of 50\u2013104 (.325) \u2014 the worst record in Tigers' history until the 2003 Tigers lost 119 games. Virgil Trucks became the third pitcher in major league history to throw two no-hitters in one season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069546-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Detroit Tigers season, Regular season\nThe 1952 Tigers winning percentage ranks as the second worst in the Tigers' history, as shown in this chart. The club was managed by Red Rolfe (April 15 through July 4), who compiled a win-loss record of 23\u201349 (.319), then by pitcher-manager Fred Hutchinson, who had a record of 27\u201355 (.329) from July 5 through closing day, September 28.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 42], "content_span": [43, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069546-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 71], "content_span": [72, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069546-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 64], "content_span": [65, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069546-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 69], "content_span": [70, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069546-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 66], "content_span": [67, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069546-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 67], "content_span": [68, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069546-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 Detroit Tigers season, Awards and accomplishments, Players ranking among top 100 of all time at position\nThe following members of the 1952 Detroit Tigers are among the Top 100 of all time at their positions, as ranked by The New Bill James Historical Baseball Abstract in 2001:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 109], "content_span": [110, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069547-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Detroit Titans football team\nThe 1952 Detroit Titans football team represented the University of Detroit in the Missouri Valley Conference (MVC) during the 1952 college football season. In its second year under head coach Dutch Clark, Detroit compiled finished with a 3\u20136 record (1\u20133 against conference opponents), finished fourth in the MVC, and was outscored by all opponents by a combined total of 224 to 206.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069547-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Detroit Titans football team\nTed Marchibroda, who later spent more than 40 years in the NFL as a player and coach, was the team's starting quarterback. Marchibroda led the nation with 1,813 yards of total offense in 1952, which included 1,637 passing yards. On November 14, in his last home game for the Titans, Marchibroda set a new national, single-game record with 390 passing yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069547-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Detroit Titans football team\nThe team's staff included Wally Fromhart (backfield coach), Bill Pritula (line coach), Edmund J. Barbour (freshmen coach), and Dr. Raymond D. Forsyth (trainer). The team's co-captains were fullback Richard John Koster and end Peter Bonnani.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069548-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Divizia A\nThe 1952 Divizia A was the thirty-fifth season of Divizia A, the top-level football league of Romania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069548-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Divizia A, Champion squad\nGoalkeepers: Ion Voinescu (10 / 0); Costic\u0103 Toma (16 / 0). Defenders: Vasile Zavoda (21 / 0); Alexandru Apolzan (22 / 0); \u0218tefan Rodeanu (10 / 0); Traian Iv\u0103nescu (11 / 0); Victor Dumitrescu (11 / 0). Midfielders: \u0218tefan Balint (20 / 0); Tiberiu Bone (22 / 0). Forwards: Victor Moldovan (21 / 10); Francisc Zavoda (19 / 5); Nicolae Dr\u0103gan (17 / 9); Abagiu P\u00e2rvu (9 / 2); J\u00f3zsef Pecsovszky (21 / 9); Petre Moldoveanu (20 / 7); Mihai Flamaropol (7 / 3);  Ilie G\u00e2rleanu (2 / 0). (league appearances and goals listed in brackets)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 30], "content_span": [31, 556]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069549-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Divizia B\nThe 1952 Divizia B was the 13th season of the second tier of the Romanian football league system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069549-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Divizia B\nThe format with two series has been maintained, each of them having 12 teams. At the end of the season the winners of the series promoted to Divizia A and no team was relegated to District Championship, because the series would be expanded again from the next season. Also this was the third season played in the spring-autumn system, a system imposed by the new leadership of the country which were in close ties with the Soviet Union.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069549-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Divizia B, Team changes, Other teams\nFlac\u0103ra Bucure\u0219ti was moved from Bucharest to Ploie\u0219ti and renamed as Flac\u0103ra Ploie\u0219ti. This move caused the disappearance of Flac\u0103ra Ploie\u0219ti (former Prahova Ploie\u0219ti) from the second league. The vacant place was occupied by Flac\u0103ra Lupeni, which was spared from relegation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 41], "content_span": [42, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069550-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Dominican Republic general election\nGeneral elections were held in the Dominican Republic on 16 May 1952. H\u00e9ctor Trujillo was the only candidate in the presidential election, and was elected unopposed, although his predecessor and brother Rafael Trujillo maintained absolute control of the country. The Dominican Party won every seat in the Congressional elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069551-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Drexel Dragons football team\nThe 1952 Drexel Dragons football team represented the Drexel Institute of Technology (renamed Drexel University in 1970) as an independent during the 1952 college football season. Eddie Allen was the team's head coach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069552-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Duke Blue Devils baseball team\nThe 1952 Duke Blue Devils baseball team represented Duke University in the 1952 NCAA baseball season. The Blue Devils played their home games at Jack Coombs Field. The team was coached by Jack Coombs in his 24th year at Duke.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069552-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Duke Blue Devils baseball team\nThe Blue Devils won the District III playoff to advanced to the College World Series, where they were defeated by the Western Michigan Broncos.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069553-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Duke Blue Devils football team\nThe 1952 Duke Blue Devils football team represented the Duke Blue Devils of Duke University during the 1952 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069553-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Duke Blue Devils football team\nDuke won the 1952 Southern Conference Championship, and finished the season ranked 16th in the final AP poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069554-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Dundee East by-election\nThe Dundee East by-election was held on 17 July 1952, due to the death in a road accident of the incumbent Labour MP, Thomas Cook. It was won by the Labour candidate George Thomson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069554-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Dundee East by-election, Background\nThomas Cook had been an MP for Dundee East since its creation in 1950, having previously represented the old two-member Dundee seat. On 31 May 1952 he was travelling between Arbroath and Dundee when his car left the road, struck a tree and went over a low wall in to a field, killing him instantly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 40], "content_span": [41, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069554-0001-0001", "contents": "1952 Dundee East by-election, Background\nReporting Cook's death, The Glasgow Herald speculated that Labour should fairly safely hold the seat in the by-election to follow, arguing that while until October 1951 the seat might have been considered marginal, Cook's holding of it against a strong campaign suggested that the seat could now be considered a safe one for Labour. However the newspaper opined that the strength of Labour's majority would give some indication as to the extent of the \"alleged unpopularity\" of the Conservative Government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 40], "content_span": [41, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069554-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Dundee East by-election, Candidates\nLabour selected 31 year old George Morgan Thomson, who was originally from nearby Monifieth and had been educated at Broughty Ferry's Grove Academy. The Dundee Unionist and Liberal National  Association selected Paul Cowcher, who had contested Glasgow Maryhill at the previous year's general election. Cowcher had previously served in the Royal Navy. The Scottish National Party's unsuccessful candidate, Donald Stewart, would later be the SNP's first MP elected at a General Election when he won the Western Isles seat at the 1970 general election. An independent candidate, E. G. MacFarlane described himself as the representative of the World Parliament Party and claimed to be the first candidate in world history to offer voters the chance of supporting the creation of an international federation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 40], "content_span": [41, 844]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069554-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Dundee East by-election, Candidates\nOn the eve of the poll, both Thomson and the Conservative and National Liberal candidate Paul Cowcher declared themselves confident of victory. Stewart stated he had enjoyed his campaign and believed it would lead to the 'consolidation of nationalist activities' in Dundee. Thomson's final election meeting was held at Dundee's Premierland Boxing Stadium, where he wore boxing gloves and spoke from the ring.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 40], "content_span": [41, 449]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069554-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Dundee East by-election, Result\nThomson considered his victory, and the fall in the Conservative vote, represented a vote of no confidence in the Government. Crowcher blamed the fall in the Conservative vote on unemployment in the local textile industry and felt people had yet to realise that 'unpopular measures' taken by the Government were in their best interests. Stewart admitted to being 'a little disappointed' that people who had indicated they supported Scottish nationalism did not all vote for him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069554-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Dundee East by-election, Result\nThomson would hold the seat with a reduced majority of 4,040 votes at the next general election in 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069555-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Dutch Grand Prix\nThe 1952 Dutch Grand Prix was a Formula Two race held on 17 August 1952 at the Circuit Zandvoort. It was race 7 of 8 in the 1952 World Championship of Drivers, in which each Grand Prix was run to Formula Two rules rather than the Formula One regulations normally used. The 90-lap race was won by Ferrari driver Alberto Ascari after he started from pole position. His teammates Giuseppe Farina and Luigi Villoresi finished in second and third places. Ascari overtook Fangio's record for the most race wins, scoring his seventh at this race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069555-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Dutch Grand Prix, Race report\nLuigi Villoresi, absent from the World Championship since the final round of the 1951 season, returned to the Ferrari lineup for the Dutch Grand Prix, replacing Piero Taruffi, alongside regulars Nino Farina and Alberto Ascari, the latter of which had clinched the Drivers' Championship title two weeks previously. Charles de Tornaco also drove a Ferrari at Zandvoort, on behalf of the Ecurie Francorchamps team. Gordini entered the same three drivers from the previous event, the French trio of Behra, Manzon and Trintignant, while Belgian driver Paul Fr\u00e8re drove an Ecurie Belge-entered Simca-Gordini.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 34], "content_span": [35, 637]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069555-0001-0001", "contents": "1952 Dutch Grand Prix, Race report\nThe HWM team partnered Britons Lance Macklin and Duncan Hamilton with the local driver Dries van der Lof. The only other Dutch driver on the grid was Jan Flinterman, who took part in a Maserati for Escuderia Bandeirantes alongside Chico Landi and Gino Bianco. The works Maserati team were once again absent from the grid, following an unsuccessful appearance in Germany. The field was completed by the Connaught of Ken Downing, Mike Hawthorn's Cooper-Bristol, Ken Wharton's Frazer-Nash and Stirling Moss in an ERA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 34], "content_span": [35, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069555-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Dutch Grand Prix, Race report\nThe Ferraris once again dominated qualifying, with Ascari taking his fourth pole position of the season, ahead of Farina in second. Mike Hawthorn shone in practice, gaining a front-row start for his little Cooper-Bristol, relegating Villoresi's Ferrari to the second row of the grid. Trintignant's Gordini completed row two, while his teammates Behra and Manzon were joined on the third row by Wharton in the sole Frazer-Nash.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 34], "content_span": [35, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069555-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Dutch Grand Prix, Race report\nHawthorn fought valiantly with the Ferraris for five laps before they resumed their usual formation. Ascari led Farina and Villoresi home in another Ferrari procession, with Hawthorn gaining fourth place, two laps behind the Ferrari trio. This was Ascari's fifth consecutive victory (along with a fifth consecutive fastest lap), and his seventh victory in total, breaking Fangio's record for the most World Championship race wins. The Gordinis of Manzon and Trintignant finished a further lap behind Hawthorn, taking fifth and sixth place, respectively. Stirling Moss got up as high as seventh in the ERA before having to retire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 34], "content_span": [35, 664]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069555-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Dutch Grand Prix, Race report\nFarina's podium finish took him to second place in the Drivers' Championship standings, overtaking the absentee Taruffi. Swiss driver Rudi Fischer, also not present at the Dutch Grand Prix, remained in fourth, while Mike Hawthorn's result took him to fifth in the standings, level on points with Fischer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 34], "content_span": [35, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069556-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Dutch TT\nThe 1952 Dutch motorcycle Grand Prix was the third race of the 1952 Motorcycle Grand Prix season. It took place on the weekend of 28 June 1952 at the Assen circuit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069557-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Dutch general election\nGeneral elections were held in the Netherlands on 25 June 1952. The Catholic People's Party and the Labour Party both won 30 of the 100 seats in the House of Representatives. It was the first time since 1913 that the Catholic People's Party and its predecessors had not received a plurality of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069557-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Dutch general election\nThe elections led to a continuation of the previous four-party government, consisting of Labour, the Catholic People's Party, People's Party for Freedom and Democracy and the Christian Historical Union. However, three months after the elections the VVD left the government and were replaced by the Anti-Revolutionary Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069558-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 East Carolina Pirates football team\nThe 1952 East Carolina Pirates football team was an American football team that represented represented East Carolina College (now known as East Carolina University) as a member of the North State Conference during the 1952 college football season. In their first season under head coach Jack Boone, the team compiled a 6\u20133\u20132 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069559-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Ecuadorian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Ecuador on 1 June 1952. The presidential elections were won by Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Velasco Ibarra of the National Velasquista Federation\u2013Ecuadorian Nationalist Revolutionary Action alliance. His term started on 1 September.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069560-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Edmonton municipal election\nThe 1952 municipal election was held October 15, 1952 to elect five aldermen to sit on Edmonton City Council and three trustees to sit on the separate school board, while three trustees were acclaimed to the public board. There was no election for mayor, as William Hawrelak was halfway through his two-year term. The electorate also decided four plebiscite questions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069560-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Edmonton municipal election\nThere were ten aldermen on city council, but five of the positions were already filled:Harold Tanner (SS), Abe Miller, Rupert Clare, Violet Field, and Al Larson (SS) were all elected to two-year terms in 1951 and were still in office.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069560-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Edmonton municipal election\nThere were seven trustees on the public school board, but four of the positions were already filled:William Webber, Mary Butterworth (SS), J W K Shortreed, and John Thorogood (SS) had been acclaimed to two-year terms in 1951\u1e63 and were still in office. The same was true on the separate board, where Andre Dechene, William Sereda, Catherine McGrath, and Amby Lenon (SS) were continuing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069560-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Edmonton municipal election\nThis was the first election to be held the third Wednesday in October instead of the first Wednesday in November, as had previously been the rule. It was also the first election in which there were more than one hundred thousand eligible voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069560-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Edmonton municipal election, Voter turnout\nThere were 12,800 ballots cast out of 101,521 eligible voters, for a voter turnout of 12.6%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 47], "content_span": [48, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069560-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Separate (Catholic) school trustees\nUnder the minimum South Side representation rule, Crowe was elected over Pilon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 78], "content_span": [79, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069560-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Paving\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $1,250,000 for the City's share of paving residential and arterial streets?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 62], "content_span": [63, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069560-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Engineering Equipment\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $175,000 to purchase Engineers Department equipment consisting of road graders, street flushers, street sweepers and earthmovers? ?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 77], "content_span": [78, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069560-0008-0000", "contents": "1952 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Incinerator\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $550,000 in order to undertake the construction of a new Incinerator Building and the necessary furnaces for garbage and refuse disposal?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 67], "content_span": [68, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069560-0009-0000", "contents": "1952 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Royal Alexandra Hospital Maternity Wing\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $825,000 in order to finish building and to equip and furnish the maternity wing of the Royal Alexandra Hospital?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 95], "content_span": [96, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069561-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Egypt Cup Final\n1952 Egypt Cup Final, was the final match of 1951\u201352 Egypt Cup, when Farouk (Zamalek SC now) beats Al-Ahly by 2\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069562-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Ekstraklasa, Overview\nIt was contested by 12 teams, and Ruch Chorz\u00f3w won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 26], "content_span": [27, 95]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069563-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Emperor's Cup, Overview\nIt was contested by 16 teams, and All Keio won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 28], "content_span": [29, 93]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069564-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Emperor's Cup Final\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Monkbot (talk | contribs) at 00:16, 8 January 2020 (\u2192\u200etop: Task 15:  language icon template(s) replaced (1\u00d7);). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069564-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Emperor's Cup Final\n1952 Emperor's Cup Final was the 32nd final of the Emperor's Cup competition. The final was played at Fujieda Higashi High School Ground in Shizuoka on May 6, 1952. All Keio won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069564-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Emperor's Cup Final, Overview\nAll Keio won the championship, by defeating Osaka Club 6\u20132. All Keio was featured a squad consisting of Yukio Tsuda, Ken Noritake, Hirokazu Ninomiya, Tadao Kobayashi and Yoshinori Shigematsu.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069565-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 English Greyhound Derby\nThe 1952 Greyhound Derby took place during June with the final being held on 28 June 1952 at White City Stadium. The winning owner and breeder of Endless Gossip, Henry Ernest Gocher, received a first prize of \u00a31,500. Trainer Leslie Reynolds won a fourth Derby, extending his record further.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069565-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 English Greyhound Derby, Final result, Distances\n3\u00bd, 3, 2\u00bd, 3, DNFThe distances between the greyhounds are in finishing order and shown in lengths. From 1950 one length was equal to 0.08 of one second.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 53], "content_span": [54, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069565-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 English Greyhound Derby, Review\nTrafalgar Cup champion Magourna Reject, owned by Mrs Frances Chandler and trained by Noreen Collin was the ante post favourite for the 1952 Derby, the blue brindle and white dog had never been out of the first three in his career to date. Three times Derby winning trainer Leslie Reynolds was represented by the defending champion Ballylanigan Tanist and a newcomer called Endless Gossip. Black Mire reappearing after injury was another fancied to do well.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 493]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069565-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 English Greyhound Derby, Review\nEndless Gossip recorded 28.52 seconds, in winning by ten lengths and recording a sectional split of 15.94, the first ever greyhound to break 16 seconds. Ballylanigan Tanist also won in a fast time of 28.61 and Black Mire progressed after recovering from a recent injury but there was a shock elimination when Magourna Reject ran poorly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069565-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 English Greyhound Derby, Review\nThe second round drew two of the big names together, the Reynolds pair of Ballylanigan Tanist and Endless Gossip, the former broke well but was badly baulked by Murex of Munster ending his chances to qualify, Endless Gossip missed the break but avoided the trouble and went on to win in 28.70.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069565-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 English Greyhound Derby, Review\nGrand National finalist Drumman Rambler had been switched back to the flat after racing over hurdles and had performed well by getting through each round and he won the first semi-final, Paddys Dinner and Shaggy Newshound confirmed their places in the final by finishing second and third in the race. The second semi-final provided a shock as Endless Gossip missed the break again and was badly impeded, only just qualifying in third place behind Dashboard Dan and Caseys Seal. He had finished well to catch Outcast Billy on the last bend.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069565-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 English Greyhound Derby, Review\nLeading up to the final, two greyhounds Shaggy Newshound and Paddys Dinner were carrying injuries and battling against time to be fit for the decider. In the final Endless Gossip broke from the traps in third place behind Drumman Rambler and Shaggy Newshound but then took a commanding lead out of the second bend. He stayed in front to win comfortably in a new Derby record of 28.50 seconds. Paddys Dinner felt his injury and pulled up lame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069566-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 English cricket season\n1952 was the 53rd season of County Championship cricket in England. It was the beginning of Surrey's period of dominance as they won the first of seven successive County Championships. England defeated India 3\u20130 in the Test series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069566-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 English cricket season, Test series\nEngland defeated India 3-0 with one match rained off in a four-match series. India had no answer to the pace of Fred Trueman and the guile of Alec Bedser, who between them took 49 Test wickets.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 40], "content_span": [41, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069567-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Eritrean parliamentary election\nLegislative Assembly elections were held in Eritrea on 25 and 26 March 1952. In two constituencies, a tie in the original vote led to a second round being held on 12 May.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069567-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Eritrean parliamentary election, Electoral system\nThe elections were held under universal suffrage. In Asmara and Massawa candidates were directly elected in single-member constituencies, with Asmara having seven constituencies and Massawa two.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 54], "content_span": [55, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069567-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Eritrean parliamentary election, Electoral system\nIn the rest of the country, candidates were indirectly elected using electoral colleges, which were convened by chiefs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 54], "content_span": [55, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069567-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Eritrean parliamentary election, Results\nThe Democratic Front was an alliance of parties supportive of the Federation Act, including the Muslim League, the Liberal Progressive Party and the Italo-Eritrean Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 45], "content_span": [46, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069567-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Eritrean parliamentary election, Aftermath\nThe Muslim League of the Western Province (MLWP)) held the balance of power between the two largest parties, the Unionist Party and the Democratic Front. Although the MLWP was politically closer to the Democratic Front, a rivalry between MLWP leader Ali Radaai and DF leader Ibrahim Sultan meant the two were unable to come to agreement. Instead a coalition was formed by the Unionist Party and the MLWP, with Unionist Party secretary general Tedla Bairu being elected President of the Assembly and MLWP leader Radaai being elected Vice-President on 29 April.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 47], "content_span": [48, 607]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069568-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Estonian SSR Football Championship\nThe 1952 Estonian SSR Football Championship was won by Baltic Fleet Tallinn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069569-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 European Figure Skating Championships\nThe 1952 European Figure Skating Championships were held in Vienna, Austria from February 4 to 6. Elite senior-level figure skaters from European ISU member nations competed for the title of European Champion in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, and pair skating.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069570-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 FA Charity Shield\nThe 1952 FA Charity Shield was the 30th FA Charity Shield, an annual football match held between the winners of the previous season's Football League and FA Cup competitions. The match was contested by Manchester United, who had won the 1951\u201352 Football League, and Newcastle United, who had won the 1951\u201352 FA Cup, at Old Trafford, Manchester, on 24 September 1952. Manchester United came back from a goal down at half-time to win the match 4\u20132. Their goals were scored by Jack Rowley (2), Roger Byrne and John Downie, while Vic Keeble scored both goals for Newcastle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 592]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069571-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 FA Cup Final\nThe 1952 FA Cup Final was the final match of the 1951\u201352 staging of the Football Association Challenge Cup (better known as the FA Cup), English football's main cup competition. The match was contested by Newcastle United and Arsenal at Wembley Stadium in London on 3 May 1952. It was hitherto only the second time that an FA Cup Final was played in May; 1937 being the first. Newcastle appeared in their 11th final in total and their second successive final, while it was Arsenal's sixth final and their second in three years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069571-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 FA Cup Final, Match summary\nArsenal played Newcastle United with several recovering players rushed back into the first team; Walley Barnes was taken off injured with a twisted knee after 35 minutes (no substitutes were allowed then), and ten-man Arsenal suffered further injuries to Holton, Roper and Daniel, so that by the end of the match they had only seven fit players on the pitch; with the numerical advantage in their favour, Newcastle won 1\u20130 with a goal from George Robledo. The goal scored by Robledo was drawn by a young John Lennon, who included it in the artwork of his album Walls and Bridges in 1974.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 32], "content_span": [33, 620]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069571-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 FA Cup Final, Broadcasting\nDespite late efforts to overturn the decision by a minority of its members, The FA Council banned the BBC from televising the game, leaving those who could not attend, with only updates on the first half on BBC radio before the second half was described live to listeners. To date this remains the last cup final not to be broadcast live on television, although the game was filmed by newsreel for broadcast that evening in cinemas. The BBC instead broadcast a cricket match between Worcestershire and the touring Indians.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069572-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 FAI Cup Final\nThe 1952 FAI Cup Final was the final match of the 1951\u201352 FAI Cup, a knock-out association football competition contested annually by clubs affiliated with the Football Association of Ireland. It took place on Sunday 20 April 1952 at Dalymount Park in Dublin, and was contested by Cork Athletic and Dundalk. The match finished 1\u20131, sending the final to a replay the following Wednesday 23 April 1952. Dundalk won the replay 3\u20130 to win their third FAI Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069572-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 FAI Cup Final, Background\nThe two sides' three previous meetings that season had seen one win apiece and one draw. Both sides had poor 1951\u201352 League of Ireland seasons, finishing 10th and 11th respectively. Dundalk were appearing in their sixth final, and had won the cup in their two previous appearances, having lost the first three. To reach the final, they had defeated St Patrick's Athletic (3\u20132), non-League AOH from Cork (4\u20130), then Waterford by coming from 3\u20131 down in the semi-final replay to win 6\u20134 in extra time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 30], "content_span": [31, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069572-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 FAI Cup Final, Background\nCork Athletic were the cup holders, having won a League and Cup Double the season before, and were appearing in their third final in a row. They had needed a replay to overcome Transport, then defeated Shamrock Rovers (2\u20131), and Sligo Rovers (4\u20133) to make the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 30], "content_span": [31, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069572-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 FAI Cup Final, Match, Summary\nA close match was expected, with Cork expected to shade it, due to their cup pedigree and the relative inexperience of Dundalk's side. However Dundalk believed luck was on their side, owing to the manner of their semi-final replay win over Waterford. Cork had the better of the opening half, and took the lead in the second half through Paddy O'Leary, but an injury to goalkeeper Ned Courtney, and sustained Dundalk pressure, resulted in an equaliser for Joe Martin in the 87th minute, to send the final to a replay the following Wednesday evening.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069572-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 FAI Cup Final, Match, Summary\nCork's preparations for the replay were affected when a club director, James Lynch, had to appear in court in the days after the final, charged with attempted murder. A number of club officials and players had to give evidence in the case. Courtney was missing due to the injury received in the first game, which also seemed to impact the Cork team, as Dundalk took the lead in the second minute through Johnny Fearon, Dundalk's only survivor from the 1949 cup-winning team. Cork fought their way back into the match, but Dundalk goalkeeper Walter Durkan was relatively untroubled and the game was put beyond doubt in the 67th minute by a Fergus Maloney shot from distance. In the 83rd minute Paddy Mullen made it 3\u20130, to win Dundalk's third FAI Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 785]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069573-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 FC Dinamo Bucure\u0219ti season\nThe 1952 season was Dinamo Bucure\u0219ti's fourth season in Divizia A. Dinamo came again close to their first championship in history, but finished only on second position with 34 points, two points behind champion CCA. Dinamo has not lost any match at home and was the only team to defeat the champions the entire season. Titus Ozon became the first scorer of the tournament in Dinamo's history with 17 goals this season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 450]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069573-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 FC Dinamo Bucure\u0219ti season\nDue to extremely long break (May to August) created by two national team matches and preparation for participation in the Olympic Games, a part of Dinamo's players were part in this period of a team who participated in the Nations Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069573-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 FC Dinamo Bucure\u0219ti season, Squad\nStandard team: Constantin Constantinescu (Iosif Fuleiter) \u2013 Constantin Marinescu, Ladislau B\u0103cu\u021b (Florian Ambru), Anton Fodor \u2013 Gheorghe B\u0103cu\u021b, Valeriu C\u0103linoiu (Viliam Florescu) \u2013 Justin Zehan, Carol Bartha (Iosif Lutz), Ion Suru, Nicolae Dumitru, Titus Ozon (Alexandru Ene).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 38], "content_span": [39, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069573-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 FC Dinamo Bucure\u0219ti season, Squad, Transferuri\nTitus Ozon came back to Dinamo, after a year spent at Dinamo Ora\u015ful Stalin. Some of the new players brought by coach Iuliu Baratky were goalkeeper Constantin Constantinescu (also from Dinamo Ora\u015ful Stalin), Ladislau B\u0103cu\u021b (Flamura Ro\u015fie Arad), Anton Fodor (Locomotiva Timi\u015foara) and Dumitru Ignat (Dinamo Ora\u015ful Stalin).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 51], "content_span": [52, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069574-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 FC Steaua Bucure\u0219ti season\nThe 1952 season was FC Steaua Bucure\u0219ti's 5th season since its founding in 1947.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069575-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 FIFA Youth Tournament Under-18\nThe FIFA Youth Tournament Under-18 1952 Final Tournament was held in Spain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069576-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship\nThe 1952 FIVB Men's World Championship was the second edition of the tournament, organised by the world's governing body, the FIVB. It was held from 17 to 29 August 1952 in Moscow, Soviet Union.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069577-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship\nThe 1952 FIVB Women's World Championship was the first edition of the tournament, organised by the world's governing body, the FIVB. It was held from 17 to 29 August 1952 in Moscow, Soviet Union.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069577-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship, Format\nThe tournament was played in a single round-robin format, all eight participant teams in a single pool and played each other once.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 55], "content_span": [56, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069578-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Falkland Islands general election\nThe Falkland Islands general election of 1952 was held in May and June 1952 to elect members to the Legislative Council. Four out of the twelve Councillors were elected through universal suffrage, two from Stanley and one each from East Falkland and West Falkland. Owing to the remoteness of some settlements and the unpredictability of the weather on the Falkland Islands, the election took place over several days.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069579-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Farnborough Airshow crash\nOn 6 September 1952, a prototype de Havilland DH.110 jet fighter crashed during an aerial display at the Farnborough Airshow in Hampshire, England. The jet disintegrated mid-air during an aerobatic manoeuvre, causing the death of pilot John Derry and onboard flight test observer Anthony Richards. Debris from the aircraft fell onto a crowd of spectators, killing 29 people and injuring 60.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069579-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Farnborough Airshow crash\nThe cause of the break-up was later determined to be structural failure due to a design flaw in the wing's leading edge. All DH.110s were initially grounded, but after modification to its design, the type entered service with the Royal Navy as the Sea Vixen. Stricter safety procedures were subsequently enacted for UK air shows and there were no further spectator fatalities until the 2015 Shoreham Airshow crash in which 11 people died.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069579-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Farnborough Airshow crash, Incident, Crew\nThe aircraft had a crew of two, pilot John Derry and onboard flight test observer Anthony Richards. Thirty-year-old Derry had served in the Royal Air Force, initially as a wireless operator/air gunner before completing pilot training in Canada. He flew Hawker Typhoons and was made commander of No. 182 Squadron RAF in March 1945. Derry was a recipient of the Distinguished Flying Cross in June 1945 and later was awarded the Bronze Lion for his role in the liberation of the Netherlands. After demobilisation, he became a experimental test pilot, winning the Segrave Trophy in 1948 for \"breaking the 100 km closed circuit aeroplane record at Hatfield, Hertfordshire. Flying a de Havilland DH 108 he reached a speed of 605.23 mph (973.8 km/h).\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 791]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069579-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Farnborough Airshow crash, Incident, Crew\nRichards was 25 years old and a graduate member of the Royal Aeronautical Society. Having worked for de Havilland as an apprentice, he had become a member of the flight-test section in December 1948, and in April 1952 had become the first British flight test observer to exceed the speed of sound, with Derry piloting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069579-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Farnborough Airshow crash, Incident, Crash\nThe planned demonstration of the DH.110 on that day was nearly cancelled when the aircraft at Farnborough, WG 240, an all-black night fighter prototype, became unserviceable. It was de Havilland's second DH.110 prototype, and had been taken supersonic over the show on the opening day. Derry and Richards then collected WG 236, the first DH.110 prototype, from de Havilland's factory in Hatfield, Hertfordshire, and flew it to Farnborough, starting their display at around 3:45\u00a0p.m.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 47], "content_span": [48, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069579-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Farnborough Airshow crash, Incident, Crash\nFollowing a supersonic dive and flypast from 40,000 feet (12,000\u00a0m) and during a left bank at about 450 knots (830\u00a0km/h; 520\u00a0mph) toward the air show's 120,000 spectators, the pilot pulled up into a climb. In less than a second, the aircraft disintegrated: the outer sections of the wing, both engines and the cockpit separated from the airframe. The cockpit, with the two crew members still inside, fell right in front of the spectators nearest the runway, injuring several people. The engines travelled much further on a ballistic trajectory; one engine crashed harmlessly, but the second one ploughed into the so-called Observation Hill, causing most of the fatalities. The rest of the airframe fluttered down and crashed on the opposite side of the runway.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 47], "content_span": [48, 808]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069579-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 Farnborough Airshow crash, Incident, Crash\nOne eyewitness was Richard Gardner, then five years old. He recalled in adulthood:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 47], "content_span": [48, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069579-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 Farnborough Airshow crash, Incident, Crash\nI'll never forget, it looked like confetti, looked like silver confetti. The remaining airframe floated down right in front of us. It just came down like a leaf. And then the two engines, like two missiles, shot out of the airframe and hurtled in the direction of the airshow. There was a sort of silence, then people, one or two people screamed but mostly it was just a sort of shock. You could hear some people sort of whimpering which was quite shocking.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 47], "content_span": [48, 505]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069579-0008-0000", "contents": "1952 Farnborough Airshow crash, Incident, Crash\nSixty-three years later, speaking on the BBC Today radio programme in the wake of the 2015 Shoreham Airshow crash, author Moyra Bremner recalled her own traumatic experience. A huge bang silenced the crowd and was followed by \"My God, look out\" from the commentator. Bremner, standing on the roof of her parents' car, realised that an engine was heading straight towards her. It passed a few feet over her head, a \"massive shining cylinder\", and then plunged into the crowd on the hill behind.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 47], "content_span": [48, 541]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069579-0009-0000", "contents": "1952 Farnborough Airshow crash, Incident, Crash\nFollowing the accident the air display programme continued once the debris was cleared from the runway, with Neville Duke exhibiting the prototype Hawker Hunter and taking it supersonic over the show later that day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 47], "content_span": [48, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069579-0010-0000", "contents": "1952 Farnborough Airshow crash, Incident, Aftermath\nElizabeth II and Duncan Sandys, the Minister of Supply, both sent messages of condolence. The coroner's jury recorded that Derry and Richards had \"died accidentally in the normal course of their duty\", and that \"the deaths [of the spectators] were accidental\", adding that \"no blame is attached to Mr. John Derry\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 51], "content_span": [52, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069579-0010-0001", "contents": "1952 Farnborough Airshow crash, Incident, Aftermath\nGroup Captain Sidney Weetman Rochford Hughes, the commandant of the Experimental Flying Department, gave expert testimony, saying, \"From previous experience of Mr Derry's flying demonstrations here on the four days of the display, from the messages received from him on the radio-telephone, and from investigation of the wreckage, I am convinced that the pilot had no warning whatsoever of the impending failure of his aircraft.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 51], "content_span": [52, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069579-0011-0000", "contents": "1952 Farnborough Airshow crash, Investigation\nAuthor Brian Rivas, who co-wrote the 1982 book John Derry, The Story of Britain's First Supersonic Pilot suggested that as Derry straightened up the aircraft and pulled into a climb, the outer part of the starboard wing failed and broke off followed by the same section of the port wing. The subsequent sudden change to the centre of gravity made the aircraft \"rear up\", tearing off the cockpit section, the two engines and the tailplane. The break-up of the DH.110 took less than one second. According to Rivas, subsequent investigations showed that the wing failed because it had only 64 per cent of its intended strength. The redesigned DH.110 resumed flights in June 1953 and was eventually developed into the de Havilland Sea Vixen naval fighter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 45], "content_span": [46, 797]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069579-0012-0000", "contents": "1952 Farnborough Airshow crash, Investigation\nMore stringent airshow safety measures were subsequently introduced: jets were obliged to keep at least 230\u00a0m (750\u00a0ft) from crowds if flying straight and 450\u00a0m (1,480\u00a0ft) when performing manoeuvres, and always at an altitude of at least 150\u00a0m (490\u00a0ft). The crash in 1952 remained Britain's worst disaster at an airshow until the Shoreham Airshow crash in 2015 in which eleven bystanders were killed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 45], "content_span": [46, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069580-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Farnworth by-election\nThe Farnworth by-election was held on 27 November 1952. The election was held due to the death of the incumbent Labour MP, George Tomlinson. It was won by the Labour candidate Ernest Thornton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069581-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Five Nations Championship\nThe 1952 Five Nations Championship was the twenty-third series of the rugby union Five Nations Championship. Including the previous incarnations as the Home Nations and Five Nations, this was the fifty-eighth series of the northern hemisphere rugby union championship. Ten matches were played between 12 January and 5 April. It was contested by England, France, Ireland, Scotland and Wales. Wales won their 5th title and a 9th Triple Crown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069582-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Flinders by-election\nA by-election was held for the Australian House of Representatives seat of Flinders on 18 October 1952. This was triggered by the death of Liberal MP Rupert Ryan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069583-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Florida A&M Rattlers football team\nThe 1952 Florida A&M Rattlers football team was an American football team that represented Florida A&M University as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SIAC) during the 1952 college football season. In their eighth season under head coach Jake Gaither, the Rattlers compiled an 8\u20132 record, including a victory over Virginia State in the Orange Blossom Classic. The team played its home games at Bragg Stadium in Tallahassee, Florida.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069583-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Florida A&M Rattlers football team\nDespite its two losses, the Associated Negro Press rated Florida A&M as the black college football national championship by virtue of having played \"the nation's most rugged schedule.\" Lincoln (MO) and Texas Southern were rated second and third, respectively. The Pittsburgh Courier also selected Florida A&M as the national champion under its \"Courier DoubleR\" rating system, ahead of second-place Virginia State and third-place Lincoln (MO).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069584-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Florida Gators football team\nThe 1952 Florida Gators football team represented the University of Florida during the 1952 college football season. The season was Bob Woodruff's third and most successful as the head coach of the Florida Gators football team. Woodruff's 1952 Florida Gators finished with an overall record of 8\u20133 and a Southeastern Conference (SEC) record of 3\u20133, placing sixth among twelve SEC teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069584-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Florida Gators football team, Before the season\nAfter Sullivan's early departure for the Boston Red Sox left the Gators without a starting quarterback, Doug Dickey advanced from seventh on the Gators' depth chart to starter. The Gators were led by fullback Rick Casares, halfback J. \"Pappa\" Hall, alternating quarterbacks Doug Dickey and Fred Robinson, and lineman Charlie LaPradd, the Gators' lightest tackle and one of their two captains. Also in the backfield was Buford Long.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 52], "content_span": [53, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069584-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Florida Gators football team, Season summary, Stetson\nThe season opened with a 33\u20136 defeat of the  Stetson Hatters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069584-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Florida Gators football team, Season summary, Georgia Tech\nThe national champion Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets  beat Florida on a last-second field goal, 14\u201317.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 63], "content_span": [64, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069584-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Florida Gators football team, Season summary, Vanderbilt\nOn a cold Dudley Field, Florida lost to Vanderbilt 20\u201313.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 61], "content_span": [62, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069584-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Florida Gators football team, Season summary, Georgia\nThe Gators dominated rival Georgia 33\u20130 in Jacksonville, remaining the Gators' largest victory over the Bulldogs for almost forty years. Casares ran for 108 yards, kicked a field goal, and made all the extra points. Even National champion Georgia Tech needed a last-second field goal to defeat the Gators.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069584-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 Florida Gators football team, Season summary, Auburn\nThe defeat of Georgia was followed by another conference victory, 31\u201321 over Auburn Tigers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 57], "content_span": [58, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069584-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 Florida Gators football team, Season summary, Miami\nThe Gators had another blowout of the in-state rival Miami Hurricanes 43\u20136.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 56], "content_span": [57, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069584-0008-0000", "contents": "1952 Florida Gators football team, Postseason\nThe season ended with the Gators' first appearance in an NCAA-sanctioned bowl game, a closely matched 14\u201313 Gator Bowl victory over the Tulsa Golden Hurricane on January 1, 1953, in which star fullback Rick Casares kicked the winning extra points for the margin of victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069585-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Florida State Seminoles football team\nThe 1952 Florida State Seminoles football team represented Florida State University in the 1952 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069586-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Florida gubernatorial election\nThe 1952 Florida gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1952. Democratic nominee Daniel T. McCarty defeated Republican nominee Harry S. Swan with 74.83% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069587-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Football Championship of the Ukrainian SSR\nThe 1952 Football Championship of UkrSSR were part of the 1952 Soviet republican football competitions in the Soviet Ukraine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069588-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Ford\nThe Ford line of cars was again refreshed for 1952, although remaining similar to the all-new 1949 Fords. This time, curved one-piece windshield glass joined a new \"Mileage Maker\" straight-6 engine with 101\u00a0hp. The 226\u00a0CID (3.7\u00a0L) L-head straight-6 was replaced by an overhead valve 215\u00a0CID (3.5\u00a0L) Mileage Maker with 101\u00a0hp (75\u00a0kW), while the old 239\u00a0CID (3.9\u00a0L) Flathead V8 remained with 110\u00a0hp (82\u00a0kW). This design would continue through the 1954 model year, with an updated design offered in 1955. They didn't have a 4 speed syncromesh manual.... it was a 3 speed without syncro on 1st.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [9, 9], "content_span": [10, 600]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069588-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Ford, 1952\nThe model lines were again reshuffled, with the base model now called \"Mainline\" and mid-level called \"Customline\". The top \"Crestline\" included the \"Sunliner\" convertible, and the \"Victoria\" hardtop, a tradition going back to 1932 with the Ford Victoria 2-door coupe. The station wagon continued with the \"Country Squire\". Inside was a \"flight-style\" control panel and new pedals suspended from below the dashboard. A voltmeter, gas gauge, temp. gauge, and oil pressure were standard. The clock and radio were in the center of the dash.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 15], "content_span": [16, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069588-0001-0001", "contents": "1952 Ford, 1952\nThe grille sported a single center \"bullet\" surrounded by a chrome ring as well as \"jet intake\" corner markers. New trunk hinges were used that would not crush the contents of the trunk. Wheelbase was 115\u00a0in (2,921\u00a0mm). In these years, an overdrive transmission option was available and they didn't have a voltmeter but had an ampmeter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 15], "content_span": [16, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069588-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Ford, 1953\n1953 was Ford's 50th anniversary. The big news for 1953 was the availability of power-assisted brakes and steering, which had previously been limited to the Mercury and Lincoln lines. The center grill bullet lost its ring and was now flanked by vertical black stripes, while the corner markers were plain rectangular lights rather than the circular \"intakes\". All 1953 Fords featured commemorative steering wheels marking the company's 50th anniversary. Mechanical changes included two-inch wider tread, and a k-bar frame with five cross-members.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 15], "content_span": [16, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069588-0002-0001", "contents": "1952 Ford, 1953\nWilliam Clay Ford paced the Indianapolis 500 in a Sunliner convertible with a dummy Continental tire kit (Coronado kit). This was also the last year for real wood trim on the Country Squire wagon. Toward the end of the year, Ford added \"Master-Guide\" power steering as an option on cars with V8s. Full instrumentation was still used. An unusual service provided by Ford was that the radio preset buttons would already be set to local stations by the dealer. The heater was $74.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 15], "content_span": [16, 493]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069588-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Ford, 1954\nThe long-lived flathead V8 engine was replaced for 1954 by a 239 cubic inch overhead valve Y-block unit, marking the end of an era. This engine produced 130\u00a0hp (97\u00a0kW) with a two-barrel carburetor. An impressive 160\u00a0hp (119\u00a0kW) 256 CI version with a Holley four-barrel was available in the official-use-only law enforcement model. The six-cylinder was up to 223\u00a0cu\u00a0in (3.7\u00a0L) and now produced 115\u00a0hp. Another new addition was the \"Crestline Skyliner\" two-door hardtop, which featured an acrylic glass panel over the front half of the roof.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 15], "content_span": [16, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069588-0003-0001", "contents": "1952 Ford, 1954\nAlso added was the new \"Astra-Dial Control Panel\" speedometer, which has a clear, plastic covering on the top, which let sunlight illuminate it in the day-time. New power accessories included a four-way power front seat. The \"woody\" Country Squire wagon now used artificial fiberglass panels but remained the most expensive Ford.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 15], "content_span": [16, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069588-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Ford, Australian production\nThe 1952 Ford was also produced by Ford Australia from October 1952 to 1955. A four-door sedan was offered as the V8 Customline and a two-door coupe utility was marketed as the V8 Mainline Utility. Along with the general improvements for all 1952 Fords, the Australian-assembled model also got increased ground clearance to better cope with Australian road conditions. The Utility was developed by Ford Australia using the chassis of the US Ford two-door convertible.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 32], "content_span": [33, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069588-0004-0001", "contents": "1952 Ford, Australian production\nBoth models were updated in 1953 and 1954 along the lines of the US Fords and were powered by a 110\u00a0hp (82\u00a0kW) iteration of the 3.9 litre Flathead V8 which went into Australian production in 1952. The Australian 1954s (arriving in June 1954) retained the flathead V8 rather than the new overhead-valve unit used in the United States, but received some visual alterations mostly consisting of additional chrome. The bumpers were deeper, wraparound units, while the taillights were redesigned, a full length chrome strip was fitted along the side, and an airplane-shaped bonnet ornament was fitted. The interior was now available in either Vynex or leather.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 32], "content_span": [33, 688]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069589-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Fordham Rams football team\nThe 1952 Fordham Rams football team represented Fordham University during the 1952 college football season. The Rams went 2\u20135\u20131 and amassed 151 points while their defense allowed 119 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069590-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Formula One season\nThe 1952 Formula One season was the sixth season of FIA Formula One motor racing. In comparison to previous seasons, the 1952 season consisted of a relatively small number of Formula One races, following the decision to run all the Grand Prix events counting towards the World Championship of Drivers to Formula Two regulations rather than Formula One. The Indianapolis 500, which also counted towards the World Championship, was still run to AAA regulations as in previous seasons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069590-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Formula One season\nThe 3rd FIA World Championship of Drivers, which began on 18 May and ended on 7 September after eight races, was won by Alberto Ascari, driving for Scuderia Ferrari.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069590-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Formula One season\nIn addition to the Formula One races and the World Championship Formula Two races, numerous other Formula Two races, which did not count towards the championship, were held during the year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069590-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Formula One season, World Championship season summary\nAlfa Romeo, unable to fund a new car, withdrew from racing, while BRM had been preparing two V16-powered cars for the season but withdrew them before an April race at Valentino Park, Turin, whilst attempting to enlist Juan Manuel Fangio as teammate to Stirling Moss, leaving Ferrari as the only serious Formula One contender. This led World Championship organizers to run their races for Formula Two, utilising 2-litre naturally aspirated engines, which meant larger fields and a greater variety of cars, even if the victories all went to Ferrari.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 58], "content_span": [59, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069590-0003-0001", "contents": "1952 Formula One season, World Championship season summary\nAscari won the six Grands Prix he entered, missing the Swiss race because he was at Indianapolis qualifying for the Indianapolis 500 \u2013 the first European to do so in the World Championship era. Maserati and Gordini offered little challenge, but Mike Hawthorn's drives in his Cooper would earn him a works Ferrari drive in 1953. Reigning champion Fangio, badly injured in an early season crash at Monza, took no part in the championship, but was to go on to drive for BRM.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 58], "content_span": [59, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069590-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Formula One season, World Championship season summary, Race 1: Switzerland\nFor the second successive season, the opening round of the championship was the Swiss Grand Prix, held at the Bremgarten Circuit in Bern. Ferrari's lead driver Alberto Ascari was absent due to his participation in the Indianapolis 500 so it was left to his teammates Nino Farina and Piero Taruffi to secure the first two places on the grid. Farina led from the start until he retired with magneto failure, leaving Taruffi to win his only championship Grand Prix and also to take the extra point for fastest lap.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 79], "content_span": [80, 591]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069590-0004-0001", "contents": "1952 Formula One season, World Championship season summary, Race 1: Switzerland\nFarina took over the car of his other teammate, Andre Simon, and was battling debutant Jean Behra for second place before both hit mechanical trouble, Farina again unable to continue. It was therefore privateer Rudi Fischer who completed a Ferrari 1-2, with Jean Behra in third for Gordini. Ken Wharton finished fourth driving a Frazer-Nash, the manufacturer's only ever points finish.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 79], "content_span": [80, 465]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069590-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Formula One season, World Championship season summary, Race 2: Indianapolis 500\nAs usual, the Indianapolis 500 had little bearing on the result of the championship, although regular Ferrari driver Albero Ascari did compete, retiring after 40 laps. The race was dominated by Bill Vukovich, who led 150 laps before retiring. It was left to Troy Ruttman to win the race from Jim Rathmann and Sam Hanks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 84], "content_span": [85, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069590-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 Formula One season, World Championship season summary, Race 3: Belgium\nAscari returned to Ferrari for round 3 of the championship at Spa-Francorchamps, with Maserati still absent as they developed their A6GCM. The Ferrari cars dominated the whole weekend, with Ascari taking pole, the race win and fastest lap while leading every lap bar one. He was followed home by teammate Nino Farina and Robert Manzon finished in third for Gordini. Jean Behra again impressed as he led the opening lap before falling behind the Ferrari juggernaut and eventually retiring after a incident with the third Ferrari of Piero Taruffi.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 75], "content_span": [76, 621]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069590-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 Formula One season, World Championship season summary, Race 4: France\nScuderia Ferrari dominated once again at Rouen, taking all three podium places. Ascari led all the way from pole position to assume the championship lead and achieve his fourth career victory, drawing him level to his teammate Nino Farina who finished second. Piero Taruffi finished third after falling behind the Gordinis of Robert Manzon and Jean Behra at the start. It was Manzon who was the highest Non-Ferrari finisher ahead of his teammate Maurice Trintignant who was driving an older model.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 74], "content_span": [75, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069590-0008-0000", "contents": "1952 Formula One season, World Championship season summary, Race 5: Britain\nAlthough Ascari again dominated, it wasn't plain sailing for his teammates as Ferrari eventually dominated as they had done throughout the year. It was the Italian's third consecutive victory that further strengthened his eventually successful championship challenge as his main competitor, Nino Farina failed to score despite taking pole position. The third Ferrari of Piero Taruffi dropped down to ninth at the start but eventually recovered to take second place while a pitstop for new spark plugs meant Farina finished in sixth position. It was a triumphant day for British cars and drivers, with Mike Hawthorn taking his first podium driving a Cooper-Bristol, while British cars and drivers occupied the other points paying positions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 75], "content_span": [76, 815]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069590-0009-0000", "contents": "1952 Formula One season, World Championship season summary, Race 6: Germany\nThe belated arrival of the Maserati factory team failed to stop the dominance of Ferrari, with Alberto Ascari clinching his first World Title and eclipsing the injured Juan Manuel Fangio's win record. It was his fourth consecutive victory of the season, again leading every race lap from pole position. He did briefly lose the race lead to Farina after pitting for oil, but this is not reflected in the lap charts as he caught and passed his teammate before they crossed the line at the end of the lap. Farina finished second and privateer Ferrari driver Rudi Fischer finished third ahead of the works car of Taruffi to ensure a Ferrari 1-2-3-4. Jean Behra scored the final points for Gordini just ahead of another Ferrari car, this time driven by Roger Laurent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 75], "content_span": [76, 838]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069590-0010-0000", "contents": "1952 Formula One season, World Championship season review\nThe 1952 World Championship of Drivers was contested over an eight race series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 57], "content_span": [58, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069590-0011-0000", "contents": "1952 Formula One season, World Championship season review\nAll 1952 World Championship Grand Prix events were restricted to Formula Two cars and the Indianapolis 500-Mile Race, which also counted towards the 1952 AAA Championship, was contested by AAA National Championship cars. The Spanish Grand Prix was scheduled to be held on 26 October at the Pedralbes Circuit in Barcelona, but was cancelled.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 57], "content_span": [58, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069590-0012-0000", "contents": "1952 Formula One season, Teams and drivers\nThe following teams and drivers competed in the 1952 FIA World Championship of Drivers. The list does not include those that contested only the Indianapolis 500 event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 42], "content_span": [43, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069590-0013-0000", "contents": "1952 Formula One season, World Championship of Drivers standings\nPoints were awarded to top five finishers in each race on an 8\u20136\u20134\u20133\u20132 basis. One point was awarded for fastest lap. Points for shared drives were divided equally between the drivers, regardless of who had driven more laps. Only the best four of eight scores counted towards the World Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 64], "content_span": [65, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069590-0014-0000", "contents": "1952 Formula One season, Non-championship races\nOther Formula One/Formula Two races, which did not count towards the World Championship of Drivers, were also held in 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 47], "content_span": [48, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069591-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 French Championships (tennis)\nThe 1952 French Championships (now known as the French Open) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor clay courts at the Stade Roland-Garros in Paris, France. The tournament ran from 20 May until 2 June. It was the 56th staging of the French Championships, and the second Grand Slam tennis event of 1952. Jaroslav Drobn\u00fd and Doris Hart won the singles titles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069591-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 French Championships (tennis), Finals, Men's Doubles\nKen McGregor /  Frank Sedgman  defeated  Gardnar Mulloy /  Dick Savitt  6\u20133, 6\u20134, 6\u20134", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 57], "content_span": [58, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069591-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 French Championships (tennis), Finals, Women's Doubles\nDoris Hart /  Shirley Fry defeated  Hazel Redick-Smith /  Julia Wipplinger 7\u20135, 6\u20131", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 59], "content_span": [60, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069591-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 French Championships (tennis), Finals, Mixed Doubles\nDoris Hart /  Frank Sedgman defeated  Shirley Fry /  Eric Sturgess  6\u20138, 6\u20133, 6\u20133", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 57], "content_span": [58, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069592-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 French Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nFirst-seeded Jaroslav Drobn\u00fd defeated Frank Sedgman 6\u20132, 6\u20130, 3\u20136, 6\u20134 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1952 French Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069592-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 French Championships \u2013 Men's Singles, Seeds\nThe seeded players are listed below. Jaroslav Drobn\u00fd is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 48], "content_span": [49, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069593-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 French Championships \u2013 Women's Singles\nSecond-seeded Doris Hart defeated Shirley Fry 6\u20134, 6\u20134 in the final to win the Women's Singles tennis title at the 1952 French Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069593-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 French Championships \u2013 Women's Singles, Seeds\nThe seeded players are listed below. Doris Hart is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 50], "content_span": [51, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069594-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 French Grand Prix\nThe 1952 French Grand Prix was a Formula Two race held on 6 July 1952 at Rouen-Les-Essarts. It was race 4 of 8 in the 1952 World Championship of Drivers, in which each Grand Prix was run to Formula Two rules rather than the Formula One regulations normally used. Unusually this race was run over a duration of 3 hours, rather than a fixed distance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069594-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 French Grand Prix, Report\nHaving won the previous weekend's Grand Prix de la Marne, Jean Behra, racing for Equipe Gordini, was among the favourites for the first French Grand Prix to be held at Rouen-Les-Essarts. Also driving for Gordini were regulars Robert Manzon and Prince Bira, alongside Maurice Trintignant, who replaced Johnny Claes from the lineup for the previous round. Claes entered the race in a Simca-Gordini under his own 'Ecurie Belge' label, which he had used in the 1950 and 1951 seasons. Ferrari retained their lineup of Ascari, Farina and Taruffi, who had locked out the front row of the grid in Belgium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 628]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069594-0001-0001", "contents": "1952 French Grand Prix, Report\nThere were also several privateer Ferrari entries: the Swiss duo of Rudi Fischer and Peter Hirt, representing Ecurie Espadon, the Italian pairing of Franco Comotti and Piero Carini, for Scuderia Marzotto, and Louis Rosier. HWM again ran regular drivers Lance Macklin and Peter Collins, this time alongside Frenchman Yves Giraud-Cabantous. While the factory Maserati team remained absent, their new car, the A6GCM, made its World Championship debut, driven by Philippe \u00c9tancelin of Escuderia Bandeirantes. Enrico Plat\u00e9 entered a pair of older Maseratis, the 4CLT/48 model, for Toulo de Graffenried and Harry Schell. Completing the grid were Peter Whitehead, in a privately run Alta, and Mike Hawthorn, who again took part in a Cooper-Bristol.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 772]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069594-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 French Grand Prix, Report\nAscari took his second consecutive pole position, with his Ferrari teammates Farina and Taruffi again joining him on the front row of the grid. The Gordini team locked out the second row, with Behra and Manzon qualifying in fourth and fifth, respectively. Their teammates Trintignant and Bira started from the third row, alongside Peter Collins in the fastest of the HWMs. The new Maserati A6GCM proved a disappointment, with Philippe \u00c9tancelin only managing to qualify on the seventh row of the grid (out of eight).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069594-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 French Grand Prix, Report\nThe Ferraris once again dominated the race, with Alberto Ascari leading Farina from start to finish, thus taking his second consecutive victory in the World Championship. Despite a good start from the Gordinis of Manzon and Behra, that saw them take third and fourth place, respectively, by the end of the first lap, Piero Taruffi managed to regain third place on lap 4 and subsequently held it for the remainder of the race, ensuring that it was an all-Ferrari podium. Manzon finished fourth, a lap behind Taruffi, while his teammate Maurice Trintignant took the final points-scoring position of fifth. HWM driver Peter Collins took sixth, two laps behind Trintignant, ahead of Jean Behra, for whom seventh represented something of a recovery, having been in last place at the end of lap 3. His race had been compromised when he crashed and consequently needed to pit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 900]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069594-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 French Grand Prix, Report\nAscari's win, and fastest lap, ensured that he took a five-point lead in the Drivers' Championship, ahead of fellow Ferrari driver Piero Taruffi. Farina's second consecutive second-place finish took him to third in the standings, one point adrift of Taruffi. Indianapolis 500 winner Troy Ruttman was a further four points behind in fourth, one point ahead of Gordini driver Robert Manzon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069595-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 French Sudan Territorial Assembly election\nTerritorial Assembly elections were held in French Sudan on March 30, 1952. The Sudanese Progressive Party remained the largest party, winning 28 of the 40 Second College seats. The Sudanese Union \u2013 African Democratic Rally won the remaining 13. seats", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069596-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 French Togoland Territorial Assembly election\nTerritorial Assembly elections were held in French Togoland on 30 March 1952. The result was a victory for the Union of Chiefs and Peoples of the North, which won 15 of the 30 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069596-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 French Togoland Territorial Assembly election, Results\nThree of the MPs elected on Committee of Togolese Unity (CUT) lists were not party members; one was a trade unionist and two were members of local parties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 59], "content_span": [60, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069597-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Fresno State Bulldogs football team\nThe 1952 Fresno State Bulldogs football team represented Fresno State College during the 1952 college football season. The Bulldogs competed as an Independent in the 1952 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069597-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Fresno State Bulldogs football team\nThe team was led by first-year head coach Clark Van Galder and played home games at Ratcliffe Stadium on the campus of Fresno City College in Fresno, California. They finished the season with a record of eight wins and two losses (8\u20132).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069598-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 GP Ouest\u2013France\nThe 1952 GP Ouest-France was the 16th edition of the GP Ouest-France cycle race and was held on 26 August 1952. The race started and finished in Plouay. The race was won by \u00c9mile Gu\u00e9rinel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069599-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Gabonese Territorial Assembly election\nTerritorial Assembly elections were held in Gabon in March 1952. The result was a victory for the Gabonese Democratic and Social Union, which won 14 of the 24 contested seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069600-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Gator Bowl\nThe 1952 Gator Bowl was an American college football bowl game played on January 1, 1952, at Gator Bowl Stadium in Jacksonville, Florida. It was the seventh annual playing of the Gator Bowl. The game pitted the Miami Hurricanes against the Clemson Tigers", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069600-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Gator Bowl, Background\nThe Hurricanes, after losing their first game of the season to Tulane, won the next four games to lean into the AP rankings at #19 before facing #14 Kentucky. However, a 32\u20130 loss in Kentucky dropped them out of the rankings, though they did win three of their final four games to finish with seven regular season victories, a slight drop from the nine the previous season. This was their third bowl game in six years and first bowl game appearance outside of the Orange Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 27], "content_span": [28, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069600-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Gator Bowl, Background\nClemson won the first three games of the season to rise to #16 in the polls before a matchup with #20 Pacific dropped them out, with a loss to South Carolina twelve days later making them 3\u20132. The Tigers would rebound to win their final four regular season games to finish 5th in the Southern Conference while finishing their fourth consecutive season .500 or better. This was their third bowl game in four seasons and second Gator bowl in three years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 27], "content_span": [28, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069600-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Gator Bowl, Game summary\nHarry Mellios scored two touchdowns for Miami (the first from 11 yards out and the second from 2 yards out) in the first half, with the scores proving to be the difference in a game dominated by stagnation. Miami won the game despite having less first downs (5 to Clemson's 14), less rushing yards (119 to the Tigers' 145), less passing yards (55 to Clemson's 88), and more penalties and punts (four for 30 yards and 9 punts for 44.5 yards average). However, it was the four interceptions thrown by Clemson quarterback Billy Hair (all caught by MVP Jim Dooley, who played both offense and defense) that proved crucial to the victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 29], "content_span": [30, 663]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069600-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Gator Bowl, Aftermath\nClemson left the Southern Conference after the game, joining the Atlantic Coast Conference in 1953. They were not invited to a bowl game again until 1957, with the next Gator Bowl appearance not being until 1977. Miami was not invited to another bowl game until 1961 (though they did finish 6th ranked in the AP Poll in 1956). Their next Gator Bowl appearance would not be until 2000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 26], "content_span": [27, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069601-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Gent\u2013Wevelgem\nThe 1952 Gent\u2013Wevelgem was the 14th edition of the Gent\u2013Wevelgem cycle race and was held on 3 April 1952. The race started in Ghent and finished in Wevelgem. The race was won by Raymond Impanis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069602-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 George Washington Colonials football team\nThe 1952 George Washington Colonials football team was an American football team that represented George Washington University as an independent during the 1952 college football season. In its first season under head coach Bo Sherman, the team compiled a 6\u20132\u20131 record (5\u20131\u20131 against conference records), finished fifth in the Southern Conference, and was outscored by a total of 188 to 149.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069603-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Georgia Bulldogs football team\nThe 1952 Georgia Bulldogs football team represented the Georgia Bulldogs of the University of Georgia during the 1952 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069604-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team\nThe 1952 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team represented the Georgia Institute of Technology in the 1952 NCAA football season. Led by head coach Bobby Dodd, the Yellow Jackets went undefeated including a victory in the 1953 Sugar Bowl. Coach Bobby Dodd and the Yellow Jackets were awarded a split National Championship, winning the 1952 INS National Championship poll, sharing the Championship with the Michigan State Spartans. The team was selected national champion by Berryman, Billingsley, INS, Poling, and Sagarin (ELO-Chess).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 584]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069605-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 German Grand Prix\nThe 1952 German Grand Prix was a Formula Two race held on 3 August 1952 at the  N\u00fcrburgring Nordschleife. It was race 6 of 8 in the 1952 World Championship of Drivers, in which each Grand Prix was run to Formula Two rules rather than the Formula One regulations normally used. The 18-lap race was won by Ferrari driver Alberto Ascari after he started from pole position. His teammates Giuseppe Farina and Rudi Fischer finished in second and third places.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069605-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 German Grand Prix, Report\nThe Maserati factory team finally appeared with their new car, the A6GCM, which was driven by Felice Bonetto. Also racing A6GCMs were the Escuderia Bandeirantes drivers Bianco and Cantoni. Ferrari once again entered the successful trio of Alberto Ascari, Nino Farina and Piero Taruffi, while there were privateer Ferrari entries for Rudi Fischer and Rudolf Schoeller of Ecurie Espadon, Roger Laurent of Ecurie Francorchamps, and Piero Carini of Scuderia Marzotto. Jean Behra returned to action for the Gordini team, having recovered from his shoulder injury. He replaced Prince Bira, and was partnered by teammates Robert Manzon and Maurice Trintignant. HWM entered three cars, with regular Peter Collins joined by the Belgian pairing of Paul Fr\u00e8re and Johnny Claes, while Australian Tony Gaze drove a privateer HWM. Bill Aston drove an Aston Butterworth, and the field was completed by a plethora of privateer German cars (Veritas, AFM and BMW).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 977]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069605-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 German Grand Prix, Report\nFerrari were once again fastest in qualifying, with Ascari and Farina being joined on the front row of the grid by the Gordinis of Trintignant and Manzon. The remaining works Ferrari driver, Taruffi, started from the second row, alongside the Ecurie Espadon-entered Ferrari of Fischer and Paul Pietsch in a Veritas. Bonetto's works Maserati made the third row, along with the Gordini of Jean Behra, and a pair of local entrants: Hans Klenk's Veritas, and Willi Heeks in an AFM.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069605-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 German Grand Prix, Report\nThe race turned out to be rather a processional event, with Ascari leading Farina all the way in the first 16 laps. Two laps from home, he had to dive into the pits for oil, emerging 10 seconds behind Farina-which he rattled off on the next lap, catching Farina just a mile from home to win by several seconds after an otherwise dull race. Piero Taruffi had been running in third behind his teammates, but he lost the position to Rudi Fischer towards the end of the race when he encountered problems due to his suspension breaking.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069605-0003-0001", "contents": "1952 German Grand Prix, Report\nFischer's podium and Taruffi's fourth place-finish ensured that it was a Ferrari 1-2-3-4. Manzon, who had been running in fourth for much of the first half of the race, between Taruffi and Fischer, was forced to retire when a wheel fell off his car. This meant that his teammate Behra was left to take the final points in fifth position in his Gordini, ahead of Roger Laurent's Ferrari. Felice Bonetto, of the factory Maserati team, was disqualified for receiving a push start after his first lap spin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069605-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 German Grand Prix, Report\nAscari, who had taken his fourth consecutive victory, along with a fourth consecutive fastest lap, had now scored the maximum of 36 points for the season, as only a driver's four best results counted. As a result, he clinched the world championship, making him the first driver to win the championship with two races left to go. The date was 3 August, the earliest anyone would claim the Championship until Jim Clark seized the crown on 1 August in 1965, also at the N\u00fcrburgring. Ascari's teammates, Taruffi and Farina, remained in second and third, respectively, in the Drivers' Championship, while Swiss driver Fischer's second podium of the season raised him up to fourth in the standings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 723]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069605-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 German Grand Prix, Classification, Qualifying\nOnly the lap times from the 7 best placed drivers are known.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 50], "content_span": [51, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069606-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 German football championship\nThe 1952 German football championship was the culmination of the football season in the West Germany in 1951\u201352. VfB Stuttgart were crowned champions for the second time after a group stage and a final, having previously won the championship in 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069607-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 German motorcycle Grand Prix\nThe 1952 German motorcycle Grand Prix was the fifth round of the 1952 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on 20 July 1952 at the Solitude circuit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069608-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Giro d'Italia\nThe 1952 Giro d'Italia was the 35th\u00a0edition of the Giro d'Italia, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Giro started off in Milan on 17 May with a 217\u00a0km (134.8\u00a0mi) flat stage and concluded back in Milan with a 147\u00a0km (91.3\u00a0mi) relatively flat mass-start stage on 8 June. Sixteen teams entered the race, which was won by Italian Fausto Coppi of the Bianchi team. Second and third respectively were Italian Fiorenzo Magni and Swiss rider Ferdinand K\u00fcbler.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069608-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Giro d'Italia, Teams\nNineteen teams were invited by the race organizers to participate in the 1952 edition of the Giro d'Italia, but only seventeen accepted the invitation. The Paglianti team, assigned bib numbers 71 to 77, did not start, so the Giro started with sixteen teams. Each team sent a squad of seven riders, which meant that the race started with a peloton of 112 cyclists. From the riders that began the race, 98 made it to the finish in Milan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 25], "content_span": [26, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069608-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Giro d'Italia, Pre-race favorites\nThe \"Big Three\" of Italian cycling started the race and were all seen as strong favorites to win the race. Reigning champion Fiorenzo Magni (Ganna) started the race with hopes of winning the race a third time (He also won in 1948). Three-time champion (1940, 1947, & 1949) Fausto Coppi (Bianchi). Gino Bartali (Bartali) made his twelfth start at the race, with a history of winning the race three times (1936, 1937, & 1946) and four second-place finishes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 38], "content_span": [39, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069608-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Giro d'Italia, Pre-race favorites\nDue to the participation of several strong riders at the time, including many non-Italian riders, at the race was thought to be very competitive and the event growing into a more international event. Current Swiss road race champion and world road race champion Ferdinand K\u00fcbler (Fiorelli) started the race. K\u00fcbler entered the race after having won two of the three races comprising the Ardennes classics that took place in early May (Li\u00e8ge\u2013Bastogne\u2013Li\u00e8ge and La Fl\u00e8che Wallonne). He was seen as a strong favorite to contend for the general classification, along with having a strong team in support.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 38], "content_span": [39, 639]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069608-0003-0001", "contents": "1952 Giro d'Italia, Pre-race favorites\nHugo Koblet (Guerra), who won the 1950 Giro d'Italia, started the race. Attilio Camoriano of l'Unit\u00e0 wrote that Koblet could be a threat in the race if he was not using it as preparation for the upcoming Tour de France. The previous year's runner-up Rik Van Steenbergen and teammate Stan Ockers (Girardengo) were seen as the best Belgian entrants with general classification chances. Milan\u2013San Remo winner Loretto Petrucci (Bianchi) was known to ride for Coppi, but there were thoughts that he would be able to attack after the Dolomites.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 38], "content_span": [39, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069608-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Giro d'Italia, Pre-race favorites\nThe Nilux team featured three Australian riders, who may have been the first Australian riders to participate in the race. The Torpado team featured famed Spanish riders Bernardo Ruiz and Jes\u00fas Loro\u00f1o. It was noted that top French riders at the time were lacking from the race's start list, although Rapha\u00ebl G\u00e9miniani (Bianchi) did participate as a support for Coppi. G\u00e9miniani had finished second at the 1951 Tour de France and had the reputation of a climber. Tour de Romandie winner Wout Wagtmans (Garin) was set to ride the Giro, but withdrew at the last moment. It was speculated to be a battle between Swiss and Italian riders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 38], "content_span": [39, 672]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069608-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Giro d'Italia, Route and stages\nThe route was revealed on 29 February 1952. The race route contained twenty stages, of which two were individual time trials, as well as three rest days. There were twelve categorized climbs that awarded points for the mountains classification across seven stages.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 36], "content_span": [37, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069608-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 Giro d'Italia, Route and stages\nThe route was thought to give chances of success to all types of riders as there were several flat stages, \"mixed\" stages, time trials, and mountainous stages. The first time trial was flat, while the second had a final 7\u00a0km (4\u00a0mi) that was downhill. The eleventh and nineteenth stages were seen as the most important. The eleventh leg featured three climbs as the race traveled from Venice to Bolzano and climbed the Falzarego, Pordoi Pass, and Passo Sella.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 36], "content_span": [37, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069608-0006-0001", "contents": "1952 Giro d'Italia, Route and stages\nStage 19 stretched from Saint-Vincent to Verbania and featured the climbs of Great St Bernard Pass, which was the highest pass of the race at 2,473\u00a0m (8,114\u00a0ft), and Simplon Pass. Camoriano wrote when the route was announced that the route was open and good for those that are \"capable and complete.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 36], "content_span": [37, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069608-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 Giro d'Italia, Classification leadership\nOne jersey was worn during the 1953 Giro d'Italia. The leader of the general classification \u2013 calculated by adding the stage finish times of each rider \u2013 wore a pink jersey. This classification is the most important of the race, and its winner is considered as the winner of the Giro.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 45], "content_span": [46, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069608-0008-0000", "contents": "1952 Giro d'Italia, Classification leadership\nAdditionally, the highest ranked cyclist riding with a licence for independents was identified by the white jersey; at the end of the Giro this was Donato Zampini. Another classification was calculated in the same method, but was exclusive to foreign riders and awarded a green jersey. The mountains classification leader wore no leader's jersey. There was one category for mountains which awarded 6, 4, 3, 2, and 1 point to the first riders to cross. Although no jersey was awarded, there was also one classification for the teams, in which the stage finish times of the best three cyclists per team were added; the leading team was the one with the lowest total time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 45], "content_span": [46, 715]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069609-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Giro di Lombardia\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Severo (talk | contribs) at 00:07, 24 March 2020 (1952 Challenge Desgrange-Colombo). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069609-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Giro di Lombardia\nThe 1952 Giro di Lombardia, 46th edition of the race, was held on October 26, 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069610-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Governor General's Awards\nIn Canada, the 1952 Governor General's Awards for Literary Merit were the sixteenth such awards. The awards in this period had no monetary prize and were just an honour for the authors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069611-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Grand National\nThe 1952 Grand National was the 106th renewal of the Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool, England, on 5 April 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069611-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Grand National\nThe race went off ten minutes late, after the field breached the starting tape, prompting a false start. It was won by Teal, a 100/7 shot ridden by jockey Arthur Thompson and trained by Neville Crump. Thompson and Crump were victorious in the steeplechase in 1948 also, with Sheila's Cottage, at odds of 50/1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069611-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Grand National\nIn second place was Legal Joy, third was Wot No Son, and Uncle Barney finished fourth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069611-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Grand National\nForty-seven horses ran, and all but one returned safely to the stables. Skouras had to be euthanised after incurred a cervical fracture falling at Becher's Brook.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069612-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season\nThe 1952 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season was the fourth F.I.M. Road Racing World Championship Grand Prix season. The season consisted of eight Grand Prix races in five classes: 500cc, 350cc, 250cc, 125cc and Sidecars 500cc. It began on 18 May, with Swiss Grand Prix and ended with Spanish Grand Prix on 5 October.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069612-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season, Standings, Scoring system\nPoints were awarded to the top six finishers in each race. Only the four best races counted in the Sidecars, 125cc and 250cc, while in the 350cc and 500cc championships, the five best results counted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069613-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Greek legislative election\nParliamentary elections were held in Greece on 16 November 1952. They resulted in a victory for General Alexander Papagos and the party he had founded the previous year, the Greek Rally party. Papagos won by unifying most of the conservative forces under his leadership, and taking advantage of a weakened centre. The electorate of Konstantinos Tsaldaris' People's Party, the leading conservative party in the 1950 elections, shrank to only 1%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069614-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Green Bay Packers season\nThe 1952 Green Bay Packers season was their 34th season overall and their 32nd season in the National Football League. The team finished with a 6\u20136 record under third-year head coach Gene Ronzani for a fourth-place finish in the National Conference in 1952. After climbing to a 6\u20133 record, the Packers lost their final three games, but the .500 record was their best since 1947.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069614-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Green Bay Packers season\nThe Packers played their Milwaukee home games in Marquette Stadium during this season only, after using Wisconsin State Fair Park from 1934 through 1951. The new County Stadium became the venue in 1953, and hosted the Milwaukee home games through 1994, when they were discontinued.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069614-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Green Bay Packers season\nHead coach Ronzani was a Marquette University alumnus (1933) and won nine varsity letters in college.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069614-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Green Bay Packers season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 40], "content_span": [41, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069615-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Groundhog Day tropical storm\nThe extraordinary 1952 Groundhog Day Storm was the only Atlantic tropical cyclone on record in February. First observed in the western Caribbean Sea on February\u00a02 as a non-frontal low, it moved rapidly throughout its duration and struck southwestern Florida early the next day as a gale-force storm. In the state, the winds damaged some crops and power lines, but no serious damage was reported.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069615-0000-0001", "contents": "1952 Groundhog Day tropical storm\nThe system became a tropical storm after emerging over the Atlantic Ocean before quickly transitioning into an extratropical cyclone on February\u00a04. Strong winds and waves washed a freighter ashore, but no injuries were related to the event. Subsequently, the storm brushed eastern New England, causing minor power outages, before it moved inland near Maine. There were no reported fatalities related to the storm.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069615-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Groundhog Day tropical storm, Meteorological history\nOn February\u00a02, Groundhog Day, a disturbance was first observed in the western Caribbean Sea. Winds were estimated at around 35\u00a0mph (55\u00a0km/h), and it tracked rapidly northward, initially to the north-northwest. After passing near Canc\u00fan along the Yucatan Peninsula, it turned northeastward and brushed the northwest coast of Cuba. Early on February\u00a03 the storm approached Key West, and shortly thereafter moved ashore near Cape Sable, Florida. It quickly crossed the state, passing near Miami before emerging into the western Atlantic Ocean. The Miami National Weather Service office recorded a wind gust of 84\u00a0mph (110\u00a0km/h), as well as sustained tropical storm force winds for about four hours; the station also recorded a barometric pressure of 1004\u00a0mbar (29.66\u00a0inHg).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 57], "content_span": [58, 828]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069615-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Groundhog Day tropical storm, Meteorological history\nAfter leaving Florida, the storm continued rapidly northeastward and transitioned into a tropical cyclone. Late on February\u00a03 it reached its peak strength with maximum sustained winds of 70\u00a0mph (110\u00a0km/h). On February\u00a04 it completed the transition into an extratropical cyclone off the coast of North Carolina. Around that time, gale-force winds extended 100\u00a0miles (160\u00a0km) to the east of the center. Later that day, it passed over Cape Cod, and early on February\u00a05 it moved into eastern Maine. The Hurricane Research Division assessed the storm as losing its identity shortly thereafter, over New Brunswick.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 57], "content_span": [58, 666]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069615-0002-0001", "contents": "1952 Groundhog Day tropical storm, Meteorological history\nHowever, a map produced by the U.S. Weather Bureau indicated that the storm continued northward into the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and later crossed eastern Quebec and Labrador. By February\u00a06, it reached the ocean again, deepening to a minimum pressure of 988\u00a0mbar (29.18\u00a0inHg). At that point, the Weather Bureau track ended, and as such the ultimate fate of the storm is unknown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 57], "content_span": [58, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069615-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Groundhog Day tropical storm, Impact and records\nResidents and tourists in southern Florida were unprepared for the unusual off-season storm. Winds of up to 65\u00a0mph (105\u00a0km/h) spread across the area, causing damage to windows and power lines. The storm dropped 2\u20134\u00a0inches (50\u2013100\u00a0mm) of precipitation along its path; the combination of unseasonable rainfall and winds resulted in crop damage in Miami-Dade County.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 53], "content_span": [54, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069615-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Groundhog Day tropical storm, Impact and records\nAfter the storm moved into the western Atlantic, the Miami U.S. Weather Bureau issued storm warnings for the North Carolina coastline from Wilmington to Cape Hatteras; the region was warned to prepare for strong winds. The agency also issued a small craft advisory southward through Charleston, South Carolina. Offshore, the storm produced winds of up to 85\u00a0mph (140\u00a0km/h), as well as waves up to 35\u00a0feet (10\u00a0m) in height.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 53], "content_span": [54, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069615-0004-0001", "contents": "1952 Groundhog Day tropical storm, Impact and records\nThe combination of the winds and rough waves drove a freighter ashore along Portsmouth Island in the Outer Banks, after the engine was damaged when water entered the fuel line. The 26\u00a0person crew initially planned to evacuate, but they later decided to stay on the freighter as the U.S. Coast Guard were deployed to assist. The seas damaged a portion of the ship, but the entire crew was rescued without any injuries. The storm later brushed New England, bringing rain, fog, warmer temperatures, and gusty winds. The combination resulted in downed power poles and tree limbs, leaving 10,000\u00a0houses without electricity.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 53], "content_span": [54, 672]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069615-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Groundhog Day tropical storm, Impact and records\nThe storm was described as a \"freak\", forming about three months after the end of the hurricane season. The chief forecaster at Miami U.S. Weather Bureau, Grady Norton, remarked that he was unsure how the cyclone developed. It is the only tropical or subtropical storm on record during February, and was the earliest tropical cyclone to strike the United States. Its structure initially was uncertain, and the storm was not included in the 1952 Atlantic hurricane season summary published by the Miami Weather Bureau office. Ultimately it was included in the tropical cyclone database. Had it been operationally treated as a tropical cyclone, it would have been named Tropical Storm Able.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 53], "content_span": [54, 742]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069616-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Guamanian legislative election, Electoral system\nThe 21 members of the Legislature were elected from a single district, with the candidates receiving the most votes being elected. Candidates were required to be at least 25 years old and have lived in Guam for at least five years before the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 53], "content_span": [54, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069616-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Guamanian legislative election, Results\nThe Popular Party won a majority of seats, with the remainder won by independents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069617-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Guinean Territorial Assembly election\nTerritorial Assembly elections were held in Guinea on 30 March 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069617-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Guinean Territorial Assembly election, Electoral system\nThe 50-member General Council was elected by groups; the First College (French citizens) elected 18 members and the Second College elected 32 members.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 60], "content_span": [61, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069618-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Hardin\u2013Simmons Cowboys football team\nThe 1952 Hardin\u2013Simmons Cowboys football team was an American football team that represented Hardin\u2013Simmons University in the Border Conference during the 1952 college football season. In its first season under head coach Murray Evans, the team compiled a 5\u20133\u20132 record (2\u20132\u20131 against conference opponents), finished in fourth place in the conference, and outscored opponents by a total of 221 to 189.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069618-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Hardin\u2013Simmons Cowboys football team\nSix Hardin-Simmons players were named to the 1952 All-Border Conference football team: end D.C. Andrews; center Roy Carter; guard Bill Golman; fullback Mitchel Malouf; guard Bill Murry; and Maurice Waguespack.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069619-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Harvard Crimson football team\nThe 1952 Harvard Crimson football team was an American football team that represented Harvard University during the 1952 college football season. In their third year under head coach Lloyd Jordan, the Crimson compiled a 5\u20134 record and outscored opponents 214 to 198. John D. Nichols Jr. was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069619-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Harvard Crimson football team\nHarvard played its home games at Harvard Stadium in the Allston neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069620-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Hasankale earthquake\nThe 1952 Hasankale earthquake occurred at 08:03 local time on 3 January in Hasankale (today Pasinler) in Erzurum Province, Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. The earthquake had an estimated magnitude of 5.8 and a maximum felt intensity of VIII (Severe) on the Mercalli intensity scale, causing 41 casualties. This spot has been the subject of studies due to the amount of earthquakes that occur in Turkey. 17% of earthquakes, globally, occur in this area. This is because the Alpide belt crosses through Turkey. The earthquakes are cause when the plates try to slide past each other on a transform boundary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 633]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069621-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Hawaii Rainbows football team\nThe 1952 Hawaii Rainbows football team represented the University of Hawai\u02bbi at M\u0101noa as an independent during the 1952 college football season. In their first season under head coach Hank Vasconcellos, the Rainbows compiled a 5\u20135\u20132 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069622-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Hawthorn Football Club season\nThe 1952 season was the Hawthorn Football Club's 28th season in the Victorian Football League and 51st overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069622-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Hawthorn Football Club season, Fixture, Lightning Premiership\nThe lightning premiership was played between rounds 5 and 6.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 66], "content_span": [67, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069623-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Hesburgh\n1952 Hesburgh, provisional designation 1951 JC, is a rare-type carbonaceous asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 37 kilometers in diameter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069623-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Hesburgh\nIt was discovered on 3 May 1951, by IU's Indiana Asteroid Program at Goethe Link Observatory near Brooklyn, Indiana, United States. It was named for Father Theodore M. Hesburgh.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069623-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Hesburgh, Orbit and classification\nHesburgh orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.7\u20133.6\u00a0AU once every 5 years and 6 months (2,005 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.14 and an inclination of 14\u00b0 with respect to the ecliptic. It was first identified as 1936 ND at Johannesburg Observatory in 1936. The body's observation arc begins at Goethe, five days after its official discovery observation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 39], "content_span": [40, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069623-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Hesburgh, Physical characteristics, Lightcurve\nIn March 2005, a rotational lightcurve of Hesburgh was obtained from photometric observations by American astronomer Brian Warner at his Palmer Divide Observatory in Colorado. Lightcurve analysis gave a longer-than average rotation period of 47.7 hours with a brightness variation of at least 0.18 magnitude (U=2).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 51], "content_span": [52, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069623-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Hesburgh, Physical characteristics, Spectral type\nIn the Tholen taxonomy, Hesburgh is a rare CD: spectral type, an intermediary between the common carbonaceous C-type asteroid and the dark D-type asteroid, which is typical among the Jupiter trojans beyond the main-belt. Another asteroid with a CD:-type is 691\u00a0Lehigh.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 54], "content_span": [55, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069623-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Hesburgh, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo\nAccording to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite, and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Hesburgh measures between 32.39 and 41.27 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.078 and 0.1041. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts the results obtained by IRAS, that is, an albedo of 0.1041 and a diameter of 35.55 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 10.32.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 60], "content_span": [61, 558]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069623-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 Hesburgh, Naming\nThis minor planet was named after American Theodore M. Hesburgh (1917\u20132015), a priest and president of the University of Notre Dame in Notre Dame, Indiana. He was also a member of the National Science Board and played a decisive role for the founding of the Kitt Peak National Observatory, as well as of the Chilean Cerro Tololo Interamerican Observatory during the 1960s. The approved naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 1 January 1981 (M.P.C. 5688).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 21], "content_span": [22, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069624-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election\nLegislative Assembly elections were held in Himachal Pradesh in 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069624-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, State Reorganization\nUnder States Reorganisation Act, 1956, Himachal Pradesh became a Union Territory on 1 November 1956, under the direct administration of the President of India and the Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly was abolished simultaneously.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 73], "content_span": [74, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069624-0001-0001", "contents": "1952 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, State Reorganization\nUnder Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966, following area of Punjab State namely Simla, Kangra, Kulu and Lahul and Spiti Districts, Nalagarh tehsil of Ambala District, Lohara, Amb and Una kanungo circles, some area of Santokhgarh kanungo circle and some other specified area of Una tehsil of Hoshiarpur District besides some parts of Dhar Kalan Kanungo circle of Pathankot tehsil of Gurdaspur District; were merged with Himachal Pradesh on 1 November 1966 and the next legislative elections were held in 1967.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 73], "content_span": [74, 579]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069625-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Hollywood Stars season\nThe 1952 Hollywood Stars season, was the 44th season in the history of the Hollywood Stars baseball team. The Stars were the successors to the Vernon Tigers and Mission Reds. The Stars played their home games at Gilmore Field which was adjacent to the site where CBS Television City was erected during the 1952 baseball season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069625-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Hollywood Stars season\nThe team, also known at the Twinks, compiled a 109\u201371 record and won the Pacific Coast League (PCL) pennant. It was the Stars' second PCL pennant in four years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069625-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Hollywood Stars season\nManager Fred Haney was given substantial credit for the team's success. After the team's power hitter Gus Bell was called up by the Pittsburgh Pirates early in the season, Haney built a team that was focused on a strategy of speed, defense, and advancing base runners into scoring position. After the season, sports columnist Claude Newman wrote: \"[ T]hey played the kind of baseball that was in vogue before everybody became long-ball happy. They concentrated on percentage baseball, utilizing the bunt and the steal and the timely hit. . . . What Haney did was parlay speed and defense into a league pennant.\" Haney became manager of the Pirates in 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 684]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069625-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Hollywood Stars season\nPitcher Johnny Lindell was the leader of the Stars' pitching staff and was selected as the PCL's most valuable player for 1952. Lindell compiled a 24\u20139 win\u2013loss record with a 2.52 earned run average (ERA) and 190 strikeouts. Lindell also tallied eight home runs in 1952 and appeared in games in the outfield, at first base, and as a pinch hitter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069625-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Hollywood Stars season\nPitcher Paul LaPalme also impressed after being acquired from the Pirates late in the season. He won his first five games and finished with a 6\u20131 record and led the team with a 1.29 ERA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069625-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Hollywood Stars season\nLeft fielder Carlos Bernier, a native of Puerto Rico, was the offensive star of the 1952 Hollywood team. Bernier led the club with a .301 batting average. Nicknamed \"Bandit\" and \"El Bandido\",  he led the PCL in 1952 with 105 runs scored and 65 stolen bases and was selected as the PCL's rookie of the year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069625-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 Hollywood Stars season\nBernier was joined in the outfield by center fielder Tom Saffell and right fielder Ted Beard. Columnist Claude Newman boasted that Bernier, Saffell, and Beard were \"the finest defensive outfield in baseball this year.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069625-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 Hollywood Stars season\nLindell and Bernier were both sold to the Pirates following the 1952 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069625-0008-0000", "contents": "1952 Hollywood Stars season, Players, Batting\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 45], "content_span": [46, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069625-0009-0000", "contents": "1952 Hollywood Stars season, Players, Pitching\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; PCT = Win percentage; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 46], "content_span": [47, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069626-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Holy Cross Crusaders baseball team\nThe 1952 Holy Cross Crusaders baseball team represented the College of the Holy Cross in the 1952 NCAA baseball season. The Crusaders played their home games at Fitton Field. The team was coached by Jack Barry in his 32nd season at Holy Cross.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069626-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Holy Cross Crusaders baseball team\nThe Crusaders won the College World Series, defeating the Missouri Tigers in the championship game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069627-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Holy Cross Crusaders football team\nThe 1952 Holy Cross Crusaders football team was an American football team that represented the College of the Holy Cross as an independent during the 1952 college football season. In its ninth year under head coach Eddie Anderson, the team compiled an 8\u20132 record. The team played its home games at Fitton Field in Worcester, Massachusetts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069628-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Honduran Amateur League\nThe 1952 Honduran Amateur League was the sixth edition of the Honduran Amateur League. Club Aduana Deportivo obtained its 1st national title. The season ran from 6 April to 19 October 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069628-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Honduran Amateur League, Regional champions\nFor the first time the department of Choluteca included a team to participate in the national championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 48], "content_span": [49, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069628-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Honduran Amateur League, National championship round\nPlayed in a single round-robin format between the regional champions. Also known as the Pentagonal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 57], "content_span": [58, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069629-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Hong Kong municipal election\nThe 1952 Hong Kong Urban Council election was held on 30 May 1952 for the two elected seats of the Urban Council of Hong Kong. It was the first Urban Council election since the end of the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong, the previous election having been held in 1940. Barrister Brook Bernacchi of the Reform Club of Hong Kong and William Louey, chief manager of Kowloon Motor Bus won the two seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069629-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Hong Kong municipal election, Overview\nIt was the first Urban Council election after the Second World War. Prior to the election, the former Governor Sir Mark Aitchison Young suggested a further constitutional reform by a new elected Municipal body replacing the Urban Council. The Young Plan was strongly opposed by the conservatives and the then Governor Sir Alexander Grantham. At the end, the Governor restored the election for two seats in the Urban Council which had existed before the war after the Young Plan was shelved.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 534]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069629-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Hong Kong municipal election, Overview\nThe polling station was held at the Murray Parade Ground. Some 3,368 men cast ballots, about one-third of the 9,700 registered voters, lower than expectations. The China Mail said it could \"scarcely be regarded as a convincing sign that the Colony is desperately anxious to enjoy extended franchise.\" Brook Bernacchi of the Reform Club of Hong Kong and William Louey of the Kowloon Residents' Association, chief manager of Kowloon Motor Bus, were elected out of nine candidates. Pro -Communist barrister Percy Chen was one of the candidates. He urged voters to treat the election as a referendum to press London for a further constitutional reform promised by Young. He ranked sixth of the nine candidates, getting 461 votes. The other Reform Club candidate Woo Pak-chuen lost the race by only 38 votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 847]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069630-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Houston Cougars football team\nThe 1952 Houston Cougars football team, also known as the Houston Cougars, Houston, or UH, represented the University of Houston in the 1952 college football season as a member of the NCAA. It was the 7th year of season play for Houston. The team was coached by fifth-year head coach Clyde Lee. The team played its games off-campus at Rice Stadium, which had been built in 1950. The Cougars finished the season ranked as #19 by the Coaches Poll. It was the first time Houston finished a season as a nationally ranked team. Another first for the program was a conference championship, as the Cougars earned a perfect 3\u20130 record in Missouri Valley Conference play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 697]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069630-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Houston Cougars football team\nFollowing the season, Houston defensive tackle J. D. Kimmel was voted as the program's first All-American. Kimmel had been drafted by the San Francisco 49ers in the 1952 NFL Draft prior to the season's beginning, and would later be drafted into the Houston Cougars Hall of Honor in 1973. Four other Houston players were also taken in the 1952 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069630-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Houston Cougars football team, Game summaries, Texas A&M\nThe Houston Cougars met with in-state rival Texas A&M for the first time as they hosted the Aggies at off-campus Rice Stadium in Houston. Texas A&M was a member of the Southwest Conference, and was led by second-year head coach Raymond George. With an attendance of 54,000, it was the second-largest crowd that Houston had competed for at the time, only surpassed by the 55,000 from the previous season's opener against #9 Baylor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 61], "content_span": [62, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069630-0002-0001", "contents": "1952 Houston Cougars football team, Game summaries, Texas A&M\nIt was the third time that the Houston Cougars faced a Southwest Conference opponent in its history, and was a continuation of the losing streak against the conference. This followed the rejection of Houston along with Texas Tech by the conference in their bids to join just months earlier. While Texas A&M was slightly favored, Houston was considered to have one of the best teams in the history of its program. Army transfer and Texarkana native J.D. Kimmel was a draftee in the previous NFL Draft, and eventually went on to have a career in the professional league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 61], "content_span": [62, 630]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069630-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Houston Cougars football team, Game summaries, Texas A&M\nThe game's first half was dominated by the Aggies, as their second possession of the game yielded their first touchdown. Texas A&M executed another successful touchdown before the end of the first half, while Houston was still scoreless. The third quarter featured Houston's first score of the game, with an 80-yard drive leading to a touchdown. However, with a low PAT kick, the Cougars trailed the Aggies 14\u20136. The Aggies answered with another touchdown. Despite quarterback Bobby Clatterbuck completing a 27-yard end zone pass to S.M. Meeks for a touchdown and successfully achieving the extra point during the fourth quarter, Houston would not answer with anymore points for the duration of the game, and lost.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 61], "content_span": [62, 776]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069630-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Houston Cougars football team, Game summaries, Texas A&M\nFollowing the 1952 season, Texas A&M became a regular opponent of Houston, and the two continued to meet with each other every year through 1965.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 61], "content_span": [62, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069630-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Houston Cougars football team, Game summaries, Arkansas\nNext, Houston met with another Southwest Conference opponent, the Arkansas Razorbacks at Razorback Stadium in Fayetteville, Arkansas. This was another first meeting between teams. Arkansas was coached by third-year head coach Otis Douglas, and was coming off of a 22\u201320 win over conference opponent Oklahoma State (then known as \"Oklahoma A&M\"). An established Arkansas team was favored to win, and the upset over the Razorbacks marked the first victory for a Houston team over a Southwest Conference opponent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 60], "content_span": [61, 571]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069630-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 Houston Cougars football team, Game summaries, Arkansas\nHouston won the coin toss, and elected to kickoff to the Razorbacks for the first play of the game. Arkansas returned the kick to the 24-yard line. During the first scrimmage of the game, Arkansas fumbled, and Houston's Jack Chambers recovered the ball for a turnover. Although unsuccessful for a touchdown drive, the Cougars moved the ball far enough for Houston's Verle Cray to kick a field goal for the first score of the game on fourth down. During the second quarter, Arkansas took the lead with a 62-yard reception by Razorback Lewis Carpenter for a touchdown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 60], "content_span": [61, 627]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069630-0006-0001", "contents": "1952 Houston Cougars football team, Game summaries, Arkansas\nThis was to be their sole score of the game. In the third quarter, Meeks rushed for the Cougars' first touchdown, and brought Houston back in the lead. Houston fullback Tommy Bailes scored the final touchdown of the game in the fourth quarter, when he received a 60-yard pass. The Houston Cougars had defeated the Arkansas Razorbacks in front of a crowd of 12,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 60], "content_span": [61, 425]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069630-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 Houston Cougars football team, Game summaries, Arkansas\nArkansas went on to have an abysmal season, and only won one other game (against the Baylor Bears) to finish with a 2\u20138 record. Head coach Otis Douglas resigned following the season end.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 60], "content_span": [61, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069630-0008-0000", "contents": "1952 Houston Cougars football team, Game summaries, Oklahoma A&M\nHouston traveled to Lewis Field in Stillwater, Oklahoma to meet with rivals the Oklahoma A&M Aggies (now known as the Oklahoma State Cowboys) in the Cougars' Missouri Valley Conference season opener game. It was the second meeting between the two teams, as the Aggies had traveled to Houston the season prior. In their first meeting, the Cougars defeated Oklahoma A&M with a score of 31\u20137. Oklahoma A&M's head coach was Jennings B. Whitworth who was in his third-year with the Aggies. The team's record for the season was a winless 0\u20132, where both Texas A&M and Arkansas had beaten them. Attendance for the game was 15,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 64], "content_span": [65, 688]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069630-0009-0000", "contents": "1952 Houston Cougars football team, Game summaries, Oklahoma A&M\nHouston's defense shined, as they held Oklahoma A&M's offense to a combined rushing and passing total of only 62 yards. In the first quarter of the game, Verle Cray kicked a field goal to give Houston an early lead. Six fumbles by the Houston offense allowed the Aggies a chance to score a rushing touchdown in the second quarter, however it would be their only successful score of the game. A&M continued with their lead until the fourth quarter when Houston's Sam McWhirter received a touchdown pass from Clatterbuck. The victory by the Cougars helped their overall record improve to 2\u20131 with a conference record of 1\u20130, and a perfect 2\u20130 all-time series record against the Aggies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 64], "content_span": [65, 748]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069630-0010-0000", "contents": "1952 Houston Cougars football team, Game summaries, Tulsa\nHouston returned to Rice Stadium in Houston for their homecoming game against another Missouri Valley Conference opponent, the Tulsa Golden Hurricane. Tulsa was heavily favored to win, as their dominant offense was considered the best in the nation and Houston's all-time series record against the Golden Hurricane was 0\u20132. Their coach Buddy Brothers, in his seventh year of his tenure, had led Tulsa to win the MVC championship both last season and the season before. Attendance for the game was announced as 31,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 57], "content_span": [58, 575]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069630-0011-0000", "contents": "1952 Houston Cougars football team, Game summaries, Tulsa\nHouston's defense came in handy against the Golden Hurricane, as they held their highly rated offense to only 200 yards of total rushing and passing. The Cougar offense also excelled, as the victory proved to be a blowout. Houston's overall record improved to 3\u20131, and they moved ahead to the number one spot in the Missouri Valley Conference with a 2\u20130 record. Following the defeat of Tulsa, Houston students blocked all entrances to campus buildings on the following Monday and declared a holiday for the university. UH President Kemmerer condoned the action, thus making it official.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 57], "content_span": [58, 644]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069630-0012-0000", "contents": "1952 Houston Cougars football team, Game summaries, Tulsa\nTulsa went on to earn a respectable 8\u20132\u20131 overall record, only losing one other time to powerhouse Florida, while defeating Kansas State, Texas Tech, and Arkansas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 57], "content_span": [58, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069630-0013-0000", "contents": "1952 Houston Cougars football team, Game summaries, Arizona State\nHouston traveled to Goodwin Stadium in Tempe, Arizona for the next game on their schedule which was a meeting with the Arizona State Sun Devils of the Border Conference. The Sun Devils were coached by first-year head coach Clyde Smith. Smith came to Arizona State from Indiana, where he had coached since 1948. Arizona State's record at this point in the season was 3\u20131, as they had lost to San Jose State two games prior. This was another first meeting for the Cougars, and Goodwin Stadium was filled with a sold-out crowd of 15,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 65], "content_span": [66, 600]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069630-0014-0000", "contents": "1952 Houston Cougars football team, Game summaries, Arizona State\nHouston continued its winning streak against the Sun Devils. Despite only scoring six points, the Cougars managed a shutout victory by entirely holding off the Arizona State offense. Houston's offense also struggled, and gave up three fumbles in five drives. In the second quarter, linebacker Paul Carr recovered a fumble from the Sun Devils on Arizona State's seven-yard line. S.M. Meeks forced the touchdown in a rush. However, placekicker Jack Howton's attempt at an extra point was wide. This led to a lead which Houston kept for the entirety of the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 65], "content_span": [66, 625]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069630-0015-0000", "contents": "1952 Houston Cougars football team, Game summaries, Arizona State\nThe victory allowed for Houston to improve their overall season record to 4\u20131. Arizona State went on to complete its season with a 6\u20133 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 65], "content_span": [66, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069630-0016-0000", "contents": "1952 Houston Cougars football team, Game summaries, Texas Tech\nHouston continued their next game on the road at Jones Stadium in Lubbock, Texas to face the Texas Tech Red Raiders. Like their previous opponent, Texas Tech was a member of the Border Conference. It was the Red Raiders' homecoming game, and a crowd of 18,000 was in attendance. Texas Tech's head coach was second-year DeWitt Weaver, and their record for the season thus far was 1\u20134. Houston was expected to continue its winning streak, and was a favorite for the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 62], "content_span": [63, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069630-0017-0000", "contents": "1952 Houston Cougars football team, Game summaries, Texas Tech\nHouston's first two scores of the game were ultimately due to the result of intercepted passes. Texas Tech's score was in the third quarter, as Houston attempted a lateral pass that was intercepted. Houston's overall record improved to 5\u20131. Texas Tech's record following the season was 3\u20137\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 62], "content_span": [63, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069630-0018-0000", "contents": "1952 Houston Cougars football team, Game summaries, Ole Miss\nHouston returned home to Rice Stadium for the rest of its season schedule with its next game against the nationally ranked Ole Miss of the Southeastern Conference. Johnny Vaught served as head coach for the Rebels, and was in his sixth year doing so. Having great success with a  5\u20130\u20132 record, the Rebels were nationally ranked in the AP Poll as #14. This was the second time in history that Houston had played against a nationally ranked opponent on the AP Poll, as the prior season the Cougars had been defeated by then #9 Baylor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 60], "content_span": [61, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069630-0018-0001", "contents": "1952 Houston Cougars football team, Game summaries, Ole Miss\nAt least two days prior to the face-off, the Gator Bowl selection committee announced that it was interested in inviting Houston to the 1953 edition of the bowl game, and that it committee members would be present for the Ole Miss game at Rice Stadium. With 34,000 fans in attendance for the game, it was Houston's second-largest home crowd at that point of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 60], "content_span": [61, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069630-0019-0000", "contents": "1952 Houston Cougars football team, Game summaries, Ole Miss\nThe game proved to showcase defensive skill for both teams, as the only score by either team came in the second quarter from the Ole Miss Rebels, as the result of a Cougar fumble on Mississippi's 40-yard line. It had been recovered by Rebel Houston Patton. After Ole Miss drove the ball to Houston's 9-yard line, Harold Lofton rushed to gain a touchdown. However, Houston's Frank James blocked an extra point attempt to leave the score at 6\u20130 where it remained for the entirety of the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 60], "content_span": [61, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069630-0020-0000", "contents": "1952 Houston Cougars football team, Game summaries, Ole Miss\nWith the loss, Houston's five-game winning streak was over, and their record was worsened to 5\u20132. Fortunately for the team, this would be their last loss of the season. Mississippi continued their winning streak for the remainder of the regular season, suffering only one loss overall to Georgia Tech in the Sugar Bowl. Despite this, the Rebels finished the season ranked #7 in both major polls.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 60], "content_span": [61, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069630-0021-0000", "contents": "1952 Houston Cougars football team, Game summaries, Baylor\nComing off its second loss of the season, Houston remained at home to upset the Baylor Bears of the Southwest Conference. Coached by third-year George Sauer, Baylor held a perfect 2\u20130\u20130 all-time record against Houston. The two had last competed against each other in the previous season where Baylor was nationally ranked. Although coming to Houston with a modest 4\u20132\u20131  record, prior to the loss, the Bears were a candidate for a bowl game in the post-season. 33,000 fans were in attendance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 58], "content_span": [59, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069630-0022-0000", "contents": "1952 Houston Cougars football team, Game summaries, Baylor\nFollowing the game. The Gator Bowl selection committee made a public comment that Houston was in the running for a bid in the 1952 edition of the game. Other teams in consideration were conference mates Tulsa in addition to Syracuse and Villanova.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 58], "content_span": [59, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069630-0023-0000", "contents": "1952 Houston Cougars football team, Game summaries, Baylor\nTwo days following the win, Houston obtained a #19 ranking in the AP Poll. It was the first time the program had ever been ranked in the poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 58], "content_span": [59, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069630-0024-0000", "contents": "1952 Houston Cougars football team, Game summaries, Detroit\nWith the win against Baylor, Houston entered its first game as a nationally ranked team against conference opponent Detroit. The win would secure the top spot in the Missouri Valley Conference, and bring the program its first conference title. Houston had a temperature of 40 degrees Fahrenheit with rainy conditions, and attendance suffered. Only 7,200 fans attended the event at Rice Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 59], "content_span": [60, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069630-0025-0000", "contents": "1952 Houston Cougars football team, Game summaries, Detroit\nLed by Dutch Clark, Detroit's starting lineup included nation-leading quarterback Ted Marchibroda, who would later serve as an NFL player and head coach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 59], "content_span": [60, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069630-0026-0000", "contents": "1952 Houston Cougars football team, Game summaries, Detroit\nDespite achieving a victory against the Titans and improving their season record to 6\u20132, Houston dropped out of the AP Poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 59], "content_span": [60, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069630-0027-0000", "contents": "1952 Houston Cougars football team, Coaching staff\nLines coach Harden Cooper and backfield coach Elmer Simmons had served as players for the Tulsa Golden Hurricane for head coach Lee when he was an assistant there. Ends coach Lovette Hill attended Centenary together.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 50], "content_span": [51, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069630-0028-0000", "contents": "1952 Houston Cougars football team, After the season, NFL Draft\nDuring the 1953 NFL Draft, four Houston players were drafted. It was the third time in team history that Houston players were taken in the draft. Paul \"Rock\" Carr was taken by the San Francisco 49ers in the seventh round and 82nd overall, but remained as a Houston player until after the 1953 season. Senior guard Frank James was taken by the Los Angeles Rams in the fourteenth round (168th overall), end Vic Hampel was taken by the Pittsburgh Steelers in the twenty-fifth round (293rd overall), and end Jim McConaughey was taken by the Green Bay Packers in the twenty-seventh round (319th overall).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 63], "content_span": [64, 663]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069630-0029-0000", "contents": "1952 Houston Cougars football team, After the season, NFL Draft\nDuring the 1954 NFL Draft, five more players from the 1952 Houston team were drafted. Tackle Maurice \"Buddy\" Gillioz was taken by the Los Angeles Rams in the second round (22nd overall) which was the earliest that a Houston player had been taken before.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 63], "content_span": [64, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069630-0029-0001", "contents": "1952 Houston Cougars football team, After the season, NFL Draft\nTackle Bob Chuoke was taken by the Detroit Lions in the sixteenth round (193rd overall), back Tommy Bailes was taken by the Philadelphia Eagles in the twentieth round (237th overall), quarterback Bobby Clatterbuck was taken by the New York Giants in the twenty-seventh round (316th overall), and end Don Folks was taken by the San Francisco 49ers in the thirtieth round (359th overall).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 63], "content_span": [64, 450]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069630-0030-0000", "contents": "1952 Houston Cougars football team, After the season, Honors\nHouston's John Carroll, Vic Hampel, and Frank James competed in the 1952 edition of the Blue\u2013Gray Football Classic, while J. D. Kimmel was chosen to compete in the East\u2013West Shrine Game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 60], "content_span": [61, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069630-0031-0000", "contents": "1952 Houston Cougars football team, After the season, Honors\nJ. D. Kimmel also became Houston's first All-American, when he was chosen by the Associated Press. Paul Carr also received an honorable mention by the news agency. Players chosen by the Missouri Valley Conference as all-conference selections were Vic Hampel, Bob Chuoke, S. M. Meeks, J. D. Kimmel, Buddy Gillioz, Paul Carr, Sam Hopson, and Jackie Howton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 60], "content_span": [61, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069631-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team\nThe 1952 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team represented Humboldt State College during the 1952 college football season. Humboldt State competed in the Far Western Conference (FWC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069631-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team\nThe 1952 Lumberjacks were led by second-year head coach Phil Sarboe. They played home games at both the Redwood Bowl in Arcata, California and Albee Stadium in Eureka, California. Humboldt State finished as conference champion, with a record of seven wins and one loss (7\u20131, 3\u20130 FWC). The Lumberjacks outscored their opponents 266\u201353 for the season, an average score of 33\u20137. The defense yielded more than a touchdown in only one game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069631-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Humboldt State players were selected in the 1953 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 70], "content_span": [71, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069632-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Hyderabad Legislative Assembly election\nElections to the Legislative Assembly of the Indian state of Hyderabad were held on 27 March 1952. 564 candidates competed for the 175 seats in the Assembly. There were 33 two-member constituencies and 109 constituencies single-member constituencies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069632-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Hyderabad Legislative Assembly election, Indian National Congress\nThe Congress Party won a clear majority of the seats in the assembly (93 seats out of 175), with 41.86% of the popular vote. Prominent Congress MLAs from Hyderabad District included Dr. G. S. Melkote and Gopal Rao Ekbote. Kashinath Rao Vaidya, the Congress MLA from Begum Bazar, was elected Speaker of the Assembly after the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 70], "content_span": [71, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069632-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Hyderabad Legislative Assembly election, People's Democratic Front\nThe elections were held in the aftermath of the Telangana armed struggle. The communists had called off their guerrilla campaign in October 1951, just few months before the polls. The Communist Party of India was banned in the state at the time, but contested the election under the cover of the People's Democratic Front. The PDF won all of the seats in Nalgonda district.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 71], "content_span": [72, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069632-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Hyderabad Legislative Assembly election, Socialist Party\nThe socialists contested 97 seats. However, the result was a set-back for the party with eleven seats won. The party had refused to cooperate with other parties against the Congress, which could have limited their success. Moreover, the party lacked strong leaders and was organizationally weak in the state. The socialist leader Mahadev Singh lost the seat he contested (Secunderabad).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 61], "content_span": [62, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069632-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Hyderabad Legislative Assembly election, Scheduled Castes Federation\nThe SCF contested the election in alliance with the PDF.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 73], "content_span": [74, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069632-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Hyderabad Legislative Assembly election, Muslim candidates\nAt the time, Muslims represented 7.75% of the population in the state. Out of the main parties, the Indian National Congress had nominated 12 Muslim candidates (6.94% of their candidates), People's Democratic Front had six Muslim candidates (7.69%) whilst the Socialist Party nominated three Muslims (3.09%). Eleven Muslims were elected, below their percentage of the population. Eight of the elected Muslims came from the Indian National Congress, two from the People's Democratic Front (Mohamed Abdur Rahman from Malaket constituency and Syed Akhtar Hussain from Jangaon) and one had contested as an independent (Syed Hasan, Hyderabad City constituency).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 63], "content_span": [64, 720]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069632-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 Hyderabad Legislative Assembly election, Results, List of members\nThe following is the list of members in the assembly who were elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 70], "content_span": [71, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069632-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 Hyderabad Legislative Assembly election, State Reorganization and Merger\nOn 1 November 1956, under States Reorganisation Act, 1956, Hyderabad State was merged into Andhra State to form a single state Andhra Pradesh. The districts of Raichur, Bidar and Gulbarga were transferred to Mysore State, while Marathwada district was transferred to Bombay State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 77], "content_span": [78, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069633-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 IRFU College Draft\nThe 1952 IRFU College Draft was an unofficial sports draft held by the Interprovincial Rugby Football Union, a predecessor of the East Division of the Canadian Football League, in the spring of 1952. The concept was first developed at a meeting between Eastern officials on April 6, 1952. In the meeting, the delegates agreed, in principle, that eligible college athletes would be selected by member clubs with the last place team selecting first in each round. While the draft was unofficial, players selected in this draft were indeed added to the rosters of the clubs that had drafted them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 617]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069633-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 IRFU College Draft\n17 players were chosen from among eligible players from five eastern universities, McGill University, Queen's University, University of Toronto, University of Western Ontario, and McMaster University. The Montreal Alouettes had the first selection, as well as the most, since they also had the last selection.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069634-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 ISSF World Shooting Championships\nThe 35th UIT World Shooting Championships was the contemporary name of the ISSF World Shooting Championships in all ISSF shooting events held in Oslo, Norway, in 1952, only weeks before the 1952 Summer Olympics. It was the only World Shooting Championship between 1912 and 2008 to be conducted in an Olympic year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069635-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Icelandic presidential election\nPresidential elections were held for the first time in Iceland on 29 June 1952 following the death of incumbent President Sveinn Bj\u00f6rnsson. The result was a victory for \u00c1sgeir \u00c1sgeirsson, who received 48.3% of the vote, resulting in the first contested election in the history of Iceland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069636-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Idaho State Bengals football team\nThe 1952 Idaho State Bengals football team was an American football team that represented Idaho State University in the Rocky Mountain Conference (RMC) during the 1952 college football season. In their first season under head coach Babe Caccia, the Bengals compiled a perfect 8\u20130 record, won the RMC championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 233 to 85. The team captains were Chet Lee and Lamont Jones.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069637-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Idaho Vandals football team\nThe 1952 Idaho Vandals football team represented the University of Idaho in the 1952 college football season. The Vandals were led by second-year head coach Raymond \"Babe\" Curfman and were members of the Pacific Coast Conference. Home games were played on campus at Neale Stadium in Moscow, with one game in Boise at old Bronco Stadium at Boise Junior College.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069637-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Idaho Vandals football team\nLed on the field by quarterback Wayne Anderson, Idaho compiled a 4\u20134\u20131 overall record and were 1\u20133 in the PCC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069637-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Idaho Vandals football team\nIn the home opener against Oregon on October 4, Idaho outplayed the visitors for 56 minutes, but gave up two late touchdowns and lost by six.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069637-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Idaho Vandals football team\nThe Vandals suffered a second straight loss in the Battle of the Palouse with neighbor Washington State, falling 36\u20136 at Rogers Field in Pullman on November 1. The\u00a0previous two editions had been competitive, with a 7\u20137 tie in 1950 and 9\u20136 battle in Moscow in 1951. The\u00a0loss prevented the first winning season for Idaho football since 1938. It\u00a0ran the winless streak against the Cougars to 26 games, a record of 0\u201324\u20132 since taking three straight in 1923\u201325; the Vandals broke the streak two years later in\u00a0Pullman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069637-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Idaho Vandals football team\nIdaho regrouped and concluded the season with two convincing wins over Montana at home and Oregon State in Corvallis in the last varsity game played at Bell Field.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069637-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Idaho Vandals football team\nFollowing his playing days, Anderson was a head coach for the Vandals in baseball (1958\u201366) and basketball (1966\u201374); he was also an assistant athletic director (1971\u201374, 1982\u201394).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069637-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 Idaho Vandals football team, All-conference\nNo Vandals were on the All-PCC team; honorable mention on defense were end Ray Lewis, tackle Don Ringe, and linebacker Bob Holder.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069637-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 Idaho Vandals football team, NFL Draft\nOne senior from the 1952 Vandals was selected in the 1953 NFL Draft:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069638-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Illinois Fighting Illini football team\nThe 1952 Illinois Fighting Illini football team was an American football team that represented the University of Illinois during the 1952 Big Ten Conference football season. In their 11th year under head coach Ray Eliot, the Illini compiled a 4\u20135 record and finished in a three-way tie for sixth place in the Big Ten Conference. Halfback Al Brosky was selected as the team's most valuable player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069638-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Illinois Fighting Illini football team, Schedule, Iowa game\nFollowing the win at Iowa, which was full of penalties and a couple of ejections for fighting, Iowa students began to throw fruit, cans, and bottles at the officials and Illinois' team as they left the field. One Iowa student was also punched by an Illinois player in the melee. Illinois and Iowa were not scheduled to play in 1953 and 1954, but their athletic directors decided to expand that timeline to 1958 in order to allow for a \"cooling-off\" period. That time frame was eventually extended until 1967, which created a 14-season gap in the series between the conference schools.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 64], "content_span": [65, 649]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069639-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Illinois elections\nElections were held in Illinois on Tuesday, November 4, 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 85]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069639-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Illinois elections\nThe elections, in large part, saw a strong performance by the Republican Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069639-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Illinois elections\nThe Republican Party retained control both chambers of the Illinois General Assembly and also won the Governorship, winning them a trifecta of state government control. They also swept all statewide elected executive offices. Additionally, they won all three seats for University of Illinois Trustees that were up for election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069639-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Illinois elections\nFor the first time since 1928, Illinois voted for the Republican presidential ticket, despite the fact that the Democratic ticket was headed by incumbent Illinois Governor Adlai Stevenson II.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069639-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Illinois elections, Election information, Turnout\nIn the primary, 2,289,347 ballots were cast (891,991 Democratic and 1,397,356 Republican).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 54], "content_span": [55, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069639-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Illinois elections, Election information, Turnout\nIn the general election, turnout was 86.04% with a total of 4,563,305 ballots cast.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 54], "content_span": [55, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069639-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 Illinois elections, Federal elections, United States President\nIllinois voted for the Republican ticket of Dwight D. Eisenhower and Richard Nixon. They defeated the Democratic ticket of (incumbent Illinois Governor) Adlai Stevenson II and John Sparkman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 67], "content_span": [68, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069639-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 Illinois elections, Federal elections, United States President\nThis was the first time since 1928 that Illinois had voted for the Republican presidential ticket. This came despite the fact that the Democratic ticket was headed by Stevenson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 67], "content_span": [68, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069639-0008-0000", "contents": "1952 Illinois elections, Federal elections, United States House\nIllinois had redistricted before this election, and had lost one seat due to reapportionment following the 1950 United States Census. All of Illinois' remaining 25 seats in the United States House of Representatives were up for election in 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 63], "content_span": [64, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069639-0009-0000", "contents": "1952 Illinois elections, Federal elections, United States House\nBefore the election Republicans held 18 seats and Democrats held 8 seats from Illinois. In 1952, Republicans won 16 seats and Democrats won 9 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 63], "content_span": [64, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069639-0010-0000", "contents": "1952 Illinois elections, State elections, Governor\nIncumbent Governor Adlai Stevenson II, a Democrat, ultimately did not seek a second term, instead opting to run as his party's nominee for President of the United States. Republican William Stratton was elected to succeed him in office.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 50], "content_span": [51, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069639-0011-0000", "contents": "1952 Illinois elections, State elections, Lieutenant Governor\nIncumbent Lieutenant Governor Sherwood Dixon, a Democrat, ultimately did not seek reelection to a second term, instead opting to run for governor. Republican John William Chapman was elected to succeed him in office.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 61], "content_span": [62, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069639-0012-0000", "contents": "1952 Illinois elections, State elections, Lieutenant Governor\nBefore being made the Democratic nominee for governor (replacing Adlai Stevenson II, who opted to instead read for president for the United States), Dixon had been running for reelection, even winning the Democratic nomination. Judge Herbert C. Paschen replaced Dixon as the Democratic nominee for lieutenant governor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 61], "content_span": [62, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069639-0013-0000", "contents": "1952 Illinois elections, State elections, Attorney General\nIncumbent Attorney General Ivan A. Elliott, a Democrat running for a second term, lost to Republican Latham Castle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 58], "content_span": [59, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069639-0014-0000", "contents": "1952 Illinois elections, State elections, Secretary of State\nThe Secretary of State Edward J. Barrett, a Democrat seeking a third term, was defeated by Republican Charles F. Carpentier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 60], "content_span": [61, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069639-0015-0000", "contents": "1952 Illinois elections, State elections, Auditor of Public Accounts\nIncumbent Auditor of Public Accounts Benjamin O. Cooper, a Democrat seeking a second term, was defeated by Republican Orville Hodge.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 68], "content_span": [69, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069639-0016-0000", "contents": "1952 Illinois elections, State elections, Treasurer\nIncumbent Treasurer William Stratton, a Republican, did not seek reelection to a second-consecutive (third overall) term, instead opting to run for governor. Republican Elmer J. Hoffman was elected to succeed him in office.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 51], "content_span": [52, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069639-0017-0000", "contents": "1952 Illinois elections, State elections, State Senate\nSeats of the Illinois Senate were up for election in 1952. Republicans retained control of the chamber.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 54], "content_span": [55, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069639-0018-0000", "contents": "1952 Illinois elections, State elections, State House of Representatives\nSeats in the Illinois House of Representatives were up for election in 1952. Republicans retained control of the chamber.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 72], "content_span": [73, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069639-0019-0000", "contents": "1952 Illinois elections, State elections, Trustees of University of Illinois\nAn election was held for three of the nine seats for Trustees of University of Illinois. All three Republican nominees won.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 76], "content_span": [77, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069639-0020-0000", "contents": "1952 Illinois elections, State elections, Trustees of University of Illinois\nRepublican incumbent Park Livingston was reelected to a third term. Republican incumbent Doris Holt was reelected to a second term. Joining them in being elected was fellow Republican Cushman Bissell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 76], "content_span": [77, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069639-0021-0000", "contents": "1952 Illinois elections, State elections, Ballot measures\nFive statewide ballot measures were put before the residents of Illinois in 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 57], "content_span": [58, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069639-0022-0000", "contents": "1952 Illinois elections, State elections, Ballot measures\nIn order for constitutional amendments (of which all but one ballot measure was) to pass, they required either two-thirds support among those specifically voting on the measure or 50% support among all ballots cast in the elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 57], "content_span": [58, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069639-0023-0000", "contents": "1952 Illinois elections, State elections, Ballot measures, County Officers' Compensation Amendment\nVoters approved the County Officers' Compensation Amendment, a legislatively referred constitutional amendment which amended Article X Section 10 of the 1870 Constitution of Illinois to establish rules for the compensation of county officer which stated that the compensation amount would be set by the county board and could not increase or diminish during the term of office.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 98], "content_span": [99, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069639-0024-0000", "contents": "1952 Illinois elections, State elections, Ballot measures, Double Liability Banking Amendment\nVoters approved the Double Liability Banking Amendment, a legislatively referred constitutional amendment which amended Article XI Section 6 of the 1870 Constitution of Illinois to  make it so that individual stockholders of banking institutions should not be personally liable to the creditors of the corporation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 93], "content_span": [94, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069639-0025-0000", "contents": "1952 Illinois elections, State elections, Ballot measures, General Banking Law Amendment\nVoters approved the General Banking Law Amendment, a legislatively referred state statute which made changes to section 13 of the general banking law.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 88], "content_span": [89, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069639-0026-0000", "contents": "1952 Illinois elections, State elections, Ballot measures, Re-election of County Officers Amendment\nThe Re-election of County Officers Amendment, a legislatively referred constitutional amendment which would amend Article X Section 8 of the 1870 Constitution of Illinois create new rules for the election of officers in each county, failed to pass either threshold for adoption.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 99], "content_span": [100, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069639-0027-0000", "contents": "1952 Illinois elections, State elections, Ballot measures, Revenue Amendment\nThe Revenue Amendment, a legislatively referred constitutional amendment which would amend Article IX Sections 1, 2 3, 9, and 10 and repeal Section IX Section 13 to modify the power of the legislature to levy taxes, failed to reach either threshold required for adoption.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 76], "content_span": [77, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069640-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Illinois gubernatorial election\nThe 1952 Illinois gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069640-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Illinois gubernatorial election\nIncumbent Governor Adlai Stevenson II, a Democrat, ultimately did not seek a second term, instead opting to run as his party's nominee for President of the United States. Republican William Stratton was elected to succeed him in office.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069640-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Illinois gubernatorial election\nBefore receiving the Democratic presidential nomination at the Democratic National Convention, Stevenson had been running for reelection as governor, even winning the Democratic primary. He was replaced as Democratic nominee for Governor by Lieutenant Governor Sherwood Dixon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069640-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Illinois gubernatorial election\nStratton was considered to have ridden the coattails of Dwight D. Eisenhower's landslide victory in the state in the presidential election. After being elected, at the age of 38, Stratton became the youngest governor in the country, and the youngest to have served as governor of Illinois in seven decades.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069640-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Illinois gubernatorial election, Election information\nThe primaries and general election both coincided with those for federal offices (United States President and House, and those for other state offices. The election was part of the 1952 Illinois elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 58], "content_span": [59, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069641-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Indian Rajya Sabha elections\nRajya Sabha elections were held in 1952, to elect members of the Council of States (the Rajya Sabha), Indian Parliament's upper chamber.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069641-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Indian Rajya Sabha elections, Elections\nElections were held in 1952 to elect members from various states of Independent India. Dr. S Radhakrishnan was the First Chairman of the Rajya Sabha, also the First Vice President of the Nation. The list is incomplete.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 44], "content_span": [45, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069641-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Indian Rajya Sabha elections, Elections, Members elected\nThe members are elected in the elections held in 1952. As per the Fourth Schedule to the Constitution of India, the Rajya Sabha was first constituted 3 April 1952. and consist of 216 members of which 12 members were to be nominated by the President and the remaining 204 elected to represent the States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 61], "content_span": [62, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069641-0002-0001", "contents": "1952 Indian Rajya Sabha elections, Elections, Members elected\nAs per President Order known as the Council of States (Term of Office of Members) Order, 1952 for curtailing the term of office of some of the members, then chosen in order that as nearly as one-third of the members holding seats of each class would retire in every second year. The term of office of a member expires on 2 April 1958; 2 April 1956 and 2 April 1954 and accordingly members would be placed in the first, second or third category.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 61], "content_span": [62, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069641-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Indian Rajya Sabha elections, Elections, Members with term 1952-54\nThe following members are retired before the elections held in 1954. They are members for the term 1952 ||54. Some members did not complete the term in case of the resignation or death before the term ending in 1954. In such cases the bye-elections were held.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 71], "content_span": [72, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069641-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Indian Rajya Sabha elections, Elections, Members with term 1952-56\nThe following members are retired before the elections held in 1956. They are members for the term 1952-56. Some members did not complete the term in case of the resignation or death before the term ending in 1956. In such cases the bye-elections were held.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 71], "content_span": [72, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069641-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Indian Rajya Sabha elections, Elections, Members with term 1952-58\nThe following members are retired before the elections held in 1958. They are members for the term 1952-58. Some members did not complete the term in case of the resignation or death before the term ending in 1958. In such cases the bye-elections were held.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 71], "content_span": [72, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069641-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 Indian Rajya Sabha elections, Bye-elections\nThe following bye elections were held in the year 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 48], "content_span": [49, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069642-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Indian presidential election\nThe Election Commission of India held the first presidential elections of India on 2 May 1952. Dr. Rajendra Prasad won his first election with 507,400 votes (83.81%) over his nearest rival K. T. Shah who got 92,827 votes (15.3%).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069643-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Indian vice presidential election\nThe 1952 Indian vice presidential election was held in 1952 to elect Vice-President of India. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan was elected unopposed as the first VP. Should the election contested by more than one candidate, the poll would occur on 12 May 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069644-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Indiana Hoosiers football team\nThe 1952 Indiana Hoosiers football team represented the Indiana Hoosiers in the 1952 Big Ten Conference football season. The Hoosiers played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Bloomington, Indiana. The team was coached by Bernie Crimmins, in his first year as head coach of the Hoosiers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069645-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Indiana gubernatorial election\nThe 1952 Indiana gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1952. Republican nominee George N. Craig defeated Democratic nominee John A. Watkins with 55.68% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069646-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Indianapolis 500\nThe 36th International 500-Mile Sweepstakes was held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway on Friday, May 30, 1952. The event was part of the 1952 AAA National Championship Trail and was also race 2 of 8 in the 1952 World Championship of Drivers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069646-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Indianapolis 500\nTroy Ruttman won the race for car owner J. C. Agajanian. Ruttman, aged 22 years and 80 days, set the record for the youngest 500 winner in history. It was also the last dirt track car to win at Indy. Ruttman's win also saw him become the youngest winner of a World Drivers' Championship race, a record he would hold for 51 years until the 2003 Hungarian Grand Prix when Spanish driver Fernando Alonso won at the age of 22 years and 26 days.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069646-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Indianapolis 500\nBill Vukovich led 150 laps, but with 9 laps to go, he broke a steering linkage while leading. He nursed his car to a stop against the outside wall, preventing other cars from getting involved in the incident.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069646-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Indianapolis 500\nIn the third year that the 500 was included in the World Championship, Ferrari entered the race with Alberto Ascari on Ferrari 375 Indianapolis. The effort gained considerable attention, but Ascari was forced to retire after a few laps when the hub of a wheel on his car collapsed. He was classified 31st. It was the only World Championship race in 1952 that Ascari entered and did not win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069646-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Indianapolis 500\nFifth place finisher Art Cross was voted the Rookie of the Year. Though at least one rookie starter was in the field every year dating back to 1911, this was the first time the now-popular award was officially designated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069646-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Indianapolis 500, Time trials\nTime trials was scheduled for four days, but rain pushed qualifying into a fifth day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 34], "content_span": [35, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069646-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio\nThe race was carried live on the radio on the Indianapolis Motor Speedway Radio Network. During the offseason, the Speedway management created the network to handle broadcasting duties in-house. The arrangement was under the flagship of 1070 WIBC-AM of Indianapolis, and featured a crew that consisted mostly of WIBC talent. WIBC landed exclusive rights of the broadcast in the Indianapolis market, which eventually would draw the ire of the other major stations in the area. In later years, the broadcast would be carried on all five stations inside the city.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 42], "content_span": [43, 603]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069646-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio\nSid Collins served as booth announcer. Jim Shelton was among the turn reporters, reporting from turn 4. Gordon Graham reported from the pits and from victory lane. Like previous years, the broadcast featured live coverage of the start, the finish, and 15-minute live updates throughout the race. At least twenty stations around the county picked up the broadcast.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 42], "content_span": [43, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069647-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Individual Speedway World Championship\nThe 1952 Individual Speedway World Championship was the seventh edition of the official World Championship to determine the world champion rider.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069647-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Individual Speedway World Championship\nAustralian rider Jack Young became the first rider to win a second title (and the first to win two in a row) when he won his second straight World Championship after scoring 14 points. Second was Welshman Freddie Williams on 13 points, with England's Bob Oakley third on 12 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069647-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Individual Speedway World Championship, World final, Classification\nm - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance \u2022  t - exclusion for touching the tapes \u2022  x - other exclusion \u2022  e - retired or mechanical failure \u2022  f - fell \u2022  ns - non-starter \u2022  nc - non-classify", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 72], "content_span": [73, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069648-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Inter-Camp P.O.W. Olympics\nThe 1952 Inter-Camp P.O.W. Olympics (Chinese: 1952\u5e74\u6218\u4fd8\u8425\u5965\u8fd0\u4f1a; \u78a7\u6f7c\u6218\u4fd8\u8425\u5965\u8fd0\u4f1a), also known as Inter-Camp POW Olympic Games, was a mock Olympic Games held at the Pyuktong Prisoner-of-War Camp (\u78a7\u6f7c\u6218\u4fd8\u8425) of the Chinese People's Volunteer Army during the Korean War. The athletes were all United Nations POWs. It was often used as a propaganda campaign by China and North Korea to encourage more UN soldiers to surrender.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069648-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Inter-Camp P.O.W. Olympics\n1952 Inter-Camp P.O.W. Olympics was not authorized by the International Olympic Committee, but was organized by the Chinese People's Volunteer Army, in accordance with the Olympic Charter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069648-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Inter-Camp P.O.W. Olympics, The games\nThe POW Olympics were held between 15\u201327 November 1952 at Pyuktong, D.P.R.K.. The Chinese hoped to gain worldwide publicity and, whilst some prisoners refused to participate, over 500 prisoners of 11 nationalities took part. They were representative of all the prison camps in North Korea and competed in American football, baseball, softball, basketball, volleyball, track and field, soccer, gymnastics, and boxing. For the prisoners, this was an opportunity to meet with friends from other camps. They also acted as photographers, announcers and even reporters, who after each day's competition published a newsletter, the Olympic Roundup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 42], "content_span": [43, 684]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069648-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Inter-Camp P.O.W. Olympics, Propaganda value\nThe Olympics featured frequently in North Korean psychological warfare (PSYWAR) pamphlets and leaflets distributed to UN soldiers. The 1952 Olympics allowed Communist forces to point to the good conditions available to those who surrendered.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 49], "content_span": [50, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069649-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 International Cross Country Championships\nThe 1952 International Cross Country Championships was held in Hamilton, Scotland, at the Hamilton Park on 22 March 1952. A report on the event was given in the Glasgow Herald.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069649-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 International Cross Country Championships\nComplete results, medallists,  and the results of British athletes were published.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069649-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 International Cross Country Championships, Participation\nAn unofficial count yields the participation of 63 athletes from 7 countries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 61], "content_span": [62, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069650-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Iowa Hawkeyes football team\nThe 1952 Iowa Hawkeyes football team represented the University of Iowa in the 1952 Big Ten Conference football season. This\u00a0was Forest Evashevski's first season as head coach; he was previously the head coach at Washington\u00a0State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069650-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Game summaries, Illinois\nFollowing the loss to Illinois, which was full of penalties and a couple of ejections for fighting, Iowa students began to throw fruit, cans, and bottles at the officials and Illinois' team as they left the field. One Iowa student was also punched by an Illinois player in the melee. Iowa and Illinois were not scheduled to play in 1953 and 1954, but their athletic directors decided to expand that timeline to 1958 in order to allow for a \"cooling-off\" period. That time frame was eventually extended until 1967, which created a 14-season gap in the series between the conference schools.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 58], "content_span": [59, 648]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069651-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Iowa Senate election\nThe 1952 Iowa State Senate elections took place as part of the biennial 1952 United States elections. Iowa voters elected state senators in 30 of the state senate's 50 districts. State senators serve four-year terms in the Iowa State Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069651-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Iowa Senate election\nA statewide map of the 50 state Senate districts in the year 1952 is provided by the Iowa General Assembly", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069651-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Iowa Senate election\nThe primary election on June 2, 1952 determined which candidates appeared on the November 4, 1952 general election ballot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069651-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Iowa Senate election\nFollowing the previous election, Republicans had control of the Iowa state Senate with 41 seats to Democrats' 9 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069651-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Iowa Senate election\nTo claim control of the chamber from Republicans, the Democrats needed to net 17 Senate seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069651-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Iowa Senate election\nRepublicans maintained control of the Iowa State Senate following the 1952 general election with the balance of power shifting to Republicans holding 46 seats and Democrats having 4 seats (a net gain of 5 seats for Republicans).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069652-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Iowa State Cyclones football team\nThe 1952 Iowa State Cyclones football team represented Iowa State College of Agricultural and Mechanic Arts (later renamed Iowa State University) in the Big Seven Conference during the 1952 college football season. In their sixth year under head coach Abe Stuber, the Cyclones compiled a 3\u20136 record (1\u20135 against conference opponents), finished in sixth place in the conference, and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 199 to 158. They played their home games at Clyde Williams Field in Ames, Iowa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069652-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Iowa State Cyclones football team\nThe team's regular starting lineup on offense consisted of left end Barney Alleman, left tackle Jack Lessin, left guard Gean Kowalski, center Rollie Arns, right guard Carl Brettschneider, right tackle Bob Matheson, right end Bob Rohwedder, quarterback Rich Mann, left halfback Dick Cherpinsky, right halfback Emory Eichorn, and fullback Max Burkett. Carl Brettschneider and Bill Byrus were the team captains.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069652-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Iowa State Cyclones football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Dick Cherpinsky with 278 rushing yards, Rich Mann with 389 passing yards, Bob Rohwedder with 167 receiving yards, and Stan Cozzi with 24 points (four touchdowns) each. No Iowa State players were selected as first-team all-conference players.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069653-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Iowa State Teachers Panthers football team\nThe 1952 Iowa State Teachers Panthers football team represented Iowa State Teachers College in the North Central Conference during the 1952 college football season. In its 15th season under head coach Clyde Starbeck, the team compiled a 5\u20132 record (5\u20131 against NCC opponents) and won the conference championship. The team played its home games at O. R. Latham Stadium in Cedar Falls, Iowa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069653-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Iowa State Teachers Panthers football team\nSix players won all-conference honors: halfback Bill Olson; fullback John Corey; center Lou Bohnsack; end Mahlon Kaylor; guard Karl Raush; and tackle Bud Rowray.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069654-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Iowa gubernatorial election\nThe 1952 Iowa gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1952. Incumbent Republican William S. Beardsley defeated Democratic nominee Herschel C. Loveless with 51.90% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069655-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Iranian legislative election\nParliamentary elections were held in Iran in 1952 to elect the 17th Iranian Majlis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069655-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Iranian legislative election, Conduct\nThe elections were held by Government of Mosaddegh, who championed free elections and tried to minimize fraud by changing several governor-generals and governors. He also ordered members of the electoral supervisory councils to be selected by lot. However, the government was unable to control the shah, Artesh, the notables, and some of its own supporters. The voting process was stopped by Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh after enough MPs were elected to form a parliamentary quorum (79 out of 136). The decision is viewed as manipulation, because Mosaddegh meant to prevent opposition candidates taking seat from rural areas. Richard Cottam describes the elections as \"relatively free\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 734]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069655-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Iranian legislative election, Results\nThe highly organized Tudeh Party failed to win a single seat, despite receiving the second-highest number of votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069655-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Iranian legislative election, Results\nIn Tehran, the turnout was double that of previous election and the National Front candidates, including members of Iran Party, Toilers Party, Muslim Mojahedin and non-partisan nationalists won all twelve seats. In Tabriz, the nine deputies elected were supporters of Mossadegh.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069655-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Iranian legislative election, Results\nAccording to David McDowall, in Mahabad the candidate known to be a Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan member was overwhelmingly elected but the results were annulled. However, Denise Natali states that the candidate was named Vaziri, who belonged to Tudeh Party. Royalist cleric Hassan Emami eventually took office representing the constituency and was elected as Speaker of the parliament. A CIA document states that the Shah was behind his election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 498]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069655-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Iranian legislative election, U.S. interference\nHistorian Ervand Abrahamian, in an interview with Democracy Now!, said U.S. State Department documents declassified in 2017 reveal that their strategy was to undermine Mohammad Mosaddegh through parliament and the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) spent lot of money to get their 18 favorable candidates elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 52], "content_span": [53, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069656-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Ireland rugby union tour of South America\nThe 1952 Ireland rugby union tour of South America, was a series of rugby matches played in Chile and Argentina. This tour by the Ireland national rugby union team coincided with the death of Eva Peron, the wife of Juan Peron, the President of Argentina. As a result, it was almost cancelled. Eva Peron died on 26 July, six days after the Irish squad had departed Dublin. However, after playing their first game in Santiago, Chile, the team travelled onto Buenos Aires and completed the tour as planned.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 550]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069656-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Ireland rugby union tour of South America\nThey finished with a record of played 9, won 6, drew 2 and 1 defeat. The tour also featured the first full rugby internationals between Ireland and Argentina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069657-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Irish Greyhound Derby\nThe 1952 Irish Greyhound Derby took place during July and August with the final being held at Shelbourne Park in Dublin on 9 August 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069657-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Irish Greyhound Derby\nThe winner Rough Waters was trained by Henry Lalor, owned Jimmy Lalor and bred by John Byrne. He was bought for 170 guineas by leading Irish bookmaker Jimmy Lalor for his wife Patricia at the Shelbourne Park sales in April 1951. Rough Waters had spent 1951 'flapping' (racing on the independent tracks) in Scotland before being aimed at the Irish Derby.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069657-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report\nAfter winning two successive heats Rough Waters won the first semi-final from Titterington by one length in a time of 29.96. In  the second semi-final Kilcurry Ranger defeated Call Dan by four lengths before Dismal beat Odile's Latch by four lengths in 30.07 to complete the semi-finals", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 46], "content_span": [47, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069657-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report\nOn 9 August it rained all day and before the final got underway there was a major gamble on Titterington from 8\u20131 to 3\u20131. As the traps opened Rough Waters was first out from trap 2 but was challenged by Call Dan around the second bend before drawing clear. Call Dan faded as Dismal and Kilcurry Ranger ran on to finish second and third respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 46], "content_span": [47, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069658-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Irish presidential election\nIn the 1952 Irish presidential election the outgoing president Se\u00e1n T. O'Kelly was re-elected without a contest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069658-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Irish presidential election, Procedure\nUnder Article 12 of the Constitution of Ireland, candidates could be nominated by:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069658-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Irish presidential election, Procedure\nAll Irish citizens on the D\u00e1il electoral register were eligible to vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069658-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Irish presidential election, Nomination process\nOn 25 April 1938, Minister for Local Government made an order under section 6 of the Presidential Elections Act 1937 opening nominations, with noon on 16 May as the deadline for nominations, and 10 June set as the date for a poll (if any).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 52], "content_span": [53, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069658-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Irish presidential election, Nomination process\nPresident Se\u00e1n T. O'Kelly nominated himself as a candidate, and when no other candidate was nominated, he was declared elected on 16 May. This was the first occasion on which a president nominated themselves for a second term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 52], "content_span": [53, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069658-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Irish presidential election, Result\nO'Kelly was inaugurated for his second term as President of Ireland on 25 June 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 40], "content_span": [41, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069659-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Isle of Man TT\nThe 1952 Isle of Man Tourist Trophy was the start of Bob McIntyre's association with the Isle of Man, when he came second in the Junior Clubman TT that year. Irishman Reg Armstrong won his first Senior TT event as well as coming in second in the Junior TT race on a Norton. Armstrong, as a Norton works rider, was back-up to Geoff Duke who came first in the Junior race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069660-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Israeli presidential election\nAn election for President of Israel was held in the Knesset on 8 December 1952 following the death of the Israel's first president, Chaim Weizmann on 9 November. Between Weizmann's death and the winner of the election, Yitzhak Ben-Zvi, taking office on 16 December, Knesset speaker Yosef Sprinzak served as acting president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069660-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Israeli presidential election, Candidates\nBefore the election, Albert Einstein was spoken to by Abba Eban about the possibility of becoming President. He declined, explaining, \"I have neither the natural ability nor the experience to deal with human beings.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069660-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Israeli presidential election, Results\nThree rounds of voting were required after no candidate gained an outright majority. Peretz Bernstein dropped out after the second round, with Yitzhak Ben-Zvi elected in the third round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 43], "content_span": [44, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069661-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Istanbul Football League\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Frietjes (talk | contribs) at 13:56, 12 May 2020. The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069661-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Istanbul Football League\nThe 1952 Istanbul Football League or 1952 Istanbul Professional Football League was the 42nd season of the league and the first season in the professional era. Be\u015fikta\u015f won the league for the 12th time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069662-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Italian Grand Prix\nThe 1952 Italian Grand Prix was a Formula Two race held on 7 September 1952 at Monza. It was the eighth and final round of the 1952 World Championship of Drivers, in which each Grand Prix was run to Formula Two rules rather than the Formula One regulations normally used. The 80-lap race was won by Ferrari driver Alberto Ascari after he started from pole position. Jos\u00e9 Froil\u00e1n Gonz\u00e1lez finished second for the Maserati team and Ascari's teammate Luigi Villoresi came in third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 502]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069662-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Italian Grand Prix, Race report\nDue to the dominance of the Ferrari team throughout 1952, the World Drivers' Championship had already been clinched a month prior to the season-ending Italian Grand Prix. Nevertheless, Ferrari entered five drivers for their home race, with their Dutch Grand Prix trio\u2014World Champion Alberto Ascari, Nino Farina and Luigi Villoresi\u2014being joined by Piero Taruffi and Andr\u00e9 Simon, both of whom had competed for the Scuderia at various points of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 36], "content_span": [37, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069662-0001-0001", "contents": "1952 Italian Grand Prix, Race report\nThere were also a number of privateer Ferraris, including the Ecurie Espadon pairing of Fischer and Stuck, as well as Charles de Tornaco of Ecurie Francorchamps, Louis Rosier and Peter Whitehead. The works Maserati team appeared for the first and only time in the 1952 World Championship, running three cars for Felice Bonetto, Franco Rol and Jos\u00e9 Froil\u00e1n Gonz\u00e1lez. Also running A6GCMs were the Escuderia Bandeirantes trio of Bianco, Cantoni and Landi, while Enrico Plat\u00e9's drivers\u2014Toulo de Graffenried and debutant Alberto Crespo\u2014ran the older 4CLT/48 equipped with the team's own revised engines.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 36], "content_span": [37, 635]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069662-0001-0002", "contents": "1952 Italian Grand Prix, Race report\nGordini retained their previous driver lineup of Behra, Manzon and Trintignant, while Johnny Claes drove a privateer Simca-Gordini at Monza. HWM entered a pair of cars for Peter Collins and Lance Macklin, with Australian Tony Gaze running a privateer HWM. The Connaught team, absent since the British Grand Prix, returned to the Championship with a three-car entry consisting of Stirling Moss (who had driven for ERA at the previous event), Dennis Poore and Kenneth McAlpine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 36], "content_span": [37, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069662-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Italian Grand Prix, Race report\nFor this event, only 24 cars were allowed to take the start, meaning that 11 of the 35 drivers who had entered the race failed to qualify. These included all of the HWMs, three of the privateer Ferraris, and both of the Enrico Plat\u00e9-entered Maseratis. Ascari took his third consecutive pole position (and his fifth of the season), and the front row was completed by his teammates Villoresi and Farina, and the Gordini of Trintignant. The Maserati of Gonz\u00e1lez started from the second row, alongside the remaining works Ferraris of Taruffi and Simon, and the Gordini of Robert Manzon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 36], "content_span": [37, 619]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069662-0002-0001", "contents": "1952 Italian Grand Prix, Race report\nRow three consisted of Stirling Moss in the leading Connaught, Frenchman \u00c9lie Bayol in the sole OSCA, Behra in the third and final works Gordini, and Mike Hawthorn in his privateer Cooper-Bristol. The remaining works Maseratis of Bonetto and Rol were only able to make the fourth row of the grid, starting from 13th and 16th, respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 36], "content_span": [37, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069662-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Italian Grand Prix, Race report\nJos\u00e9 Froil\u00e1n Gonz\u00e1lez emerged in first place at the start of the race, ahead of Ascari in second. The Argentine remained in the lead for the first 36 laps of the race, until a slow pit stop allowed the Ferraris of Ascari and Villoresi to pass him for first and second, respectively. Ascari held the lead for the remainder of the race, and, in so doing, took his sixth consecutive World Championship race victory. Gonz\u00e1lez caught up with Villoresi and passed him to take second place in his only Championship race of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 36], "content_span": [37, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069662-0003-0001", "contents": "1952 Italian Grand Prix, Race report\nVilloresi completed the podium by taking his second consecutive third-place finish. Farina was not far behind in fourth place, while the second Maserati of Felice Bonetto took the final points position in fifth, finishing a lap down on the leaders. The remaining works Ferraris of Simon and Taruffi finished in sixth and seventh place, respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 36], "content_span": [37, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069662-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Italian Grand Prix, Race report\nAs Taruffi finished outside the points, he was unable to overtake Nino Farina in the Drivers' Championship standings. The Ferrari team monopolised the top three positions, with World Champion Alberto Ascari ahead of teammates Farina and Taruffi.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 36], "content_span": [37, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069662-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Italian Grand Prix, Classification, Qualifying\n*Entries with a pink background failed to qualify for the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 51], "content_span": [52, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069663-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Ivorian Territorial Assembly election\nTerritorial Assembly elections were held in French Ivory Coast on 30 March 1952. The result was a victory for the Democratic Party of Ivory Coast \u2013 African Democratic Rally, which won 28 of the 50 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069664-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Japan Series\nThe 1952 Japan Series was the Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) championship series for the 1952 season. It was the third Japan Series and featured the Pacific League champions, the Nankai Hawks, against the Central League champions, the Yomiuri Giants.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069664-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Japan Series, Matchups, Game 1\nSaturday, October 11, 1952 \u2013 2:08 pm at Korakuen Stadium in Bunky\u014d, Tokyo", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069664-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Japan Series, Matchups, Game 2\nSunday, October 12, 1952 \u2013 2:01 pm at Korakuen Stadium in Bunky\u014d, Tokyo", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069664-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Japan Series, Matchups, Game 3\nTuesday, October 14, 1952 \u2013 2:03 pm at Osaka Stadium in Osaka, Osaka Prefecture", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069664-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Japan Series, Matchups, Game 4\nWednesday, October 15, 1952 \u2013 2:01 pm at Osaka Stadium in Osaka, Osaka Prefecture", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069664-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Japan Series, Matchups, Game 5\nThursday, October 16, 1952 \u2013 2:02 pm at Osaka Stadium in Osaka, Osaka Prefecture", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069664-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 Japan Series, Matchups, Game 6\nSaturday, October 18, 1952 \u2013 1:59 pm at Korakuen Stadium in Bunky\u014d, Tokyo", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069665-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Japanese general election\nGeneral elections were held in Japan on 1 October 1952. The result was a victory for the Liberal Party, which won 242 of the 466 seats. Voter turnout was 76.4%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069667-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Kansas Jayhawks football team\nThe 1952 Kansas Jayhawks football team represented the University of Kansas in the Big Seven Conference during the 1952 college football season. In their fifth season under head coach Jules V. Sikes, the Jayhawks compiled a 7\u20133 record (3\u20133 against conference opponents), finished fourth in the Big Seven Conference, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 214 to 110. They played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lawrence, Kansas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069667-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Kansas Jayhawks football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Charlie Hoag with 469 rushing yards, Bob Brandeberry with 54 points scored, and Jerry Robertson with 868 passing yards. Hoag and Oliver Spencer were the team captains.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069668-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Kansas State Wildcats football team\nThe 1952 Kansas State Wildcats football team represented Kansas State University in the 1952 college football season. The team's head football coach was Bill Meek, in his second year at the helm of the Wildcats. The Wildcats played their home games in Memorial Stadium. The Wildcats finished the season with a 1\u20139 record with a 0\u20136 record in conference play. They finished in last place in the Big Seven Conference for the fifth consecutive year. The Wildcats scored just 81 points and gave up 255 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069669-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Kansas gubernatorial election\nThe 1952 Kansas gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1952. Incumbent Republican Edward F. Arn defeated Democratic nominee Charles Rooney with 56.34% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069670-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Kent State Golden Flashes football team\nThe 1952 Kent State Golden Flashes football team was an American football team that represented Kent State University  in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1952 college football season. In their seventh season under head coach Trevor J. Rees, the Golden Flashes compiled a 5\u20134 record (2\u20132 against MAC opponents), finished in fifth place in the MAC, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 204 to 180.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069670-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Kent State Golden Flashes football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Jim Cullom with 822 rushing yards, 822 yards of total offense, and 74 receiving yards. Offensive tackle Al Kilgore was selected as a first-team All-MAC player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069671-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Kentucky Derby\nThe 1952 Kentucky Derby was the 78th running of the Kentucky Derby. The race took place on May 3, 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069672-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Kentucky Wildcats football team\nThe 1952 Kentucky Wildcats football team represented the University of Kentucky in the 1952 college football season. The Wildcats scored 181 points while allowing 180 points. Kentucky finished the season ranked #20 in the final AP Poll. It was the seventh consecutive winning season for the Wildcats with Bear Bryant as the head coach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069673-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Kenyan general election, Electoral system\nThe number of European seats in the Legislative Council was increased from 11 to 14, with two new constituencies in the countryside and one in western Nairobi. The number of Indian seats was increased from five to six, although two seats were allotted to Muslims at their request. All but one of the Indian candidates were running on behalf of the East African Indian National Congress, which supported a boycott of the Council in protest at the division of the Indian seats based on religion. The majority Black population was not entitled to vote, and instead six members (an increase from four) were appointed by the Governor from lists drawn up by local governments following hustings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 46], "content_span": [47, 736]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069673-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Kenyan general election, Aftermath\nThe newly elected Council convened for the first time on 12 June.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 39], "content_span": [40, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069674-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Kern County earthquake\nThe 1952 Kern County earthquake occurred on July 21 in the southern San Joaquin Valley and measured 7.3 on the moment magnitude scale. The main shock occurred at 4:52 am Pacific Daylight Time (11:52 UTC), killed 12 people and injured hundreds, and caused an estimated $60 million in property damage. A small sector of damage near Bealville corresponded to a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme), though this intensity rating was not representative of the majority of damage. The earthquake occurred on the White Wolf Fault near the community of Wheeler Ridge and was the strongest to occur in California since the 1906 San Francisco earthquake.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 678]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069674-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Kern County earthquake\nThe town of Tehachapi suffered the greatest damage and loss of life from the earthquake, though other locations in Kern County experienced significant damage as well, but its effects were widely felt throughout central and southern California. The July mainshock had a significant aftershock sequence that persisted into July and August with many magnitude 5+ events with intensities of V (Moderate) to VII (Very strong). Six of these aftershocks occurred on the day of the mainshock, but the strongest aftershock came on August 22 as a M5.8 event that had a maximum perceived intensity of VIII (Severe) and resulted in the deaths of two people and caused an additional $10 million in property damage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 729]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069674-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Kern County earthquake\nFollowing the event, a field survey was conducted along the fault zone with the goal of estimating the peak ground acceleration of the shock based on visually evaluating precarious rock formations and other indicators. Ground disturbances that were created by the earthquakes were also surveyed, both in the valley and in the foothills, with both vertical and horizontal displacements present in the epicentral area.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069674-0002-0001", "contents": "1952 Kern County earthquake\nThe strong motion records that were acquired from the event were significant, and a reconnaissance report was recognized for its coverage of the event, and how it set a standard for those types of engineering or scientific papers. Repercussions of the sequence of earthquakes were still being felt in the heavily damaged downtown area of Bakersfield well into the 1990s as city leaders attempted to improve safety of the surviving unreinforced masonry buildings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069674-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Kern County earthquake, Tectonic setting\nAt Lebec, California, just south of the epicenter of the July mainshock, the San Andreas Fault comes together with the Garlock Fault, which is positioned at the northern border of the Mojave Desert. The San Andreas has been responsible for considerable seismic activity at its northern and southern sections, and traverses the area near the Transverse Ranges. The Kern Canyon Fault mirrors the path of the Kern River, and was thought to have a connection with the White Wolf Fault, but indicators observed following the July 21 earthquake demonstrated that the two are offset.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 45], "content_span": [46, 622]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069674-0003-0001", "contents": "1952 Kern County earthquake, Tectonic setting\nThe Owens Valley Fault, on the east side of the Sierran block, has been mapped and may possibly extend into area that was affected by the 1952 shocks. Other fault zones are present in the region, and have been of interest because they may have been responsible for minor earthquakes, but they are considered not as significant as the Kern Canyon, Owens Valley, and San Andreas Faults.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 45], "content_span": [46, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069674-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Kern County earthquake, Tectonic setting\nThe 1952 earthquakes were the first to be observed well within Kern County lines. Other strong, but remote events were previously felt in the area, but they were distant enough to cause only occasional destructive effects. The county is bounded on the western side by the Temblor Range which is adjacent to the southern San Andreas Fault. Other large events have affected the area as well, like the January 1857 Fort Tejon earthquake that severely affected Fort Tejon (about 15 miles (24\u00a0km) south of Wheeler Ridge).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 45], "content_span": [46, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069674-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Kern County earthquake, Earthquake\nThe M7.3 earthquake occurred on the strike-slip White Wolf Fault in the southern San Joaqin Valley. Historically, the left-lateral fault has had a component of reverse slip, and at the time of the July mainshock the ratio of reverse/left-lateral slip was about 1.2:1. The epicenter of the shock was at the 90\u00a0km (56\u00a0mi) fault's southwestern end, at a point where it may end, or merge with the east\u2013west trending Pleito thrust fault.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069674-0005-0001", "contents": "1952 Kern County earthquake, Earthquake\nThe White Wolf Fault (as illuminated by the aftershocks) was found to be curved, with less dip on the northeast end, though that zone also had a higher strike-slip component. Other distinct characteristics on that end of the fault were the shallower shocks and the less overall slip. If the total fault displacement came about as a result of the same type of large-displacement shocks like the one in 1952, the recurrence interval was proposed to be 170\u2013450 years. The 1995 Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities gave a (high uncertainty) slip rate estimate of 2\u00a0mm per year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 629]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069674-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 Kern County earthquake, Earthquake\nSeismologists have recently proposed the hypothesis that the earthquake is an exceptional instance of induced seismicity triggered by petroleum extraction from the Wheeler Ridge oil field. Oil production from that field began 98 days before the earthquake, about 1\u00a0km (0.62\u00a0mi) from the White Wolf Fault. According to this hypothesis, petroleum extraction did not contribute to the energy of the earthquake, but rather altered conditions in the fault enabling the catastrophic release of accumulated stress; a comparable (or perhaps more destructive) spontaneous earthquake would have occurred along the fault at some later time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 669]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069674-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 Kern County earthquake, Earthquake\nMercalli intensities for the mainshock were gauged to be VIII (Severe), especially in Tehachapi and close to the epicenter, but southeast of Bealville 46\u00a0cm (18\u00a0in) thick reinforced concrete railroad tunnel walls were cracked, tracks were warped, and the gap between tunnel entrances was reduced by up to 2.5 meters (8\u00a0ft 2\u00a0in). Because of the extraordinary damage there, an intensity rating of XI (Extreme) was assigned specifically for that location.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069674-0008-0000", "contents": "1952 Kern County earthquake, Earthquake, Damage\nThough damage was spread throughout a large area, most was concentrated in the town of Tehachapi where at least 11 were killed and 35 were injured. An early estimate reported in the Los Angeles Times had the damage at $2.6 million with 700 families affected in Tehachapi alone, where most of the town's buildings sustained damage. Fifteen homes were destroyed there, 53 were heavily damaged, and another 75 sustained light damage. In Bakersfield, windows were broken and dislodged plaster littered residential and commercial districts, and the county jail was damaged. Two tunnels used by the Southern Pacific Railroad and the Santa Fe Railroad collapsed between Tehachapi and Marcel, six more tunnels received lesser damage, and 3.5 miles (5.6\u00a0km) of track was distorted through two horseshoe curves.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 47], "content_span": [48, 849]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069674-0009-0000", "contents": "1952 Kern County earthquake, Earthquake, Damage\nTo the southwest of Bakersfield in Maricopa, the justice court building,  the Maricopa Hotel, the post office, and several businesses were condemned because of heavy damage. In the small town of Taft disruption was light, with the exception of a destroyed wall at a J. C. Penney department store and a single home that was damaged.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 47], "content_span": [48, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069674-0009-0001", "contents": "1952 Kern County earthquake, Earthquake, Damage\nIn the (former) settlement of Paloma a fire burned at an oil refinery, and an explosion occurred at a refinery in Long Beach due to a cracked pipe, but most of the Greater Los Angeles Area was free from heavy damage due to the distant location (around 10 miles southwest of Tehachapi) of the earthquake. Power disruptions affected Van Nuys and Los Angeles and in Long Beach some windows were broken. Other moderate damage in that area included a 2.5\u00a0ft (0.76\u00a0m) crack on a street in Hollywood and a 90\u00a0ft (27\u00a0m) crack in a Santa Ana parking lot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 47], "content_span": [48, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069674-0010-0000", "contents": "1952 Kern County earthquake, Earthquake, Aftershocks\nThrough late September, Caltech seismometers recorded 188 aftershocks higher than magnitude 4.0. Six of those on the day of the mainshock were M5 and above, but some of these (like the 12:05 M6.3 shock) were only felt, and didn't cause any damage. The July 21 M5.1 shock at 15:13 GMT and the July 23 shock at 00:38 both damaged buildings in Arvin, and the latter event also caused slight damage in Fresno and near Bakersfield. Three additional shocks on July 23 were particularly destructive.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 52], "content_span": [53, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069674-0010-0001", "contents": "1952 Kern County earthquake, Earthquake, Aftershocks\nWalls and other portions of buildings that had been previously damaged took a second hit from the 07:53 M5.2 event, and a house that saw only minor damage during the mainshock was nearly destroyed by it. Gas and water lines were also severed, and transformers were loosened or dislodged. The 13:17 M5.8 shock compounded problems at Tehachapi and Arvin with damage to previously-affected buildings that was described as serious, but the 18:13 shock on July 23 only had a slight affect at Arvin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 52], "content_span": [53, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069674-0011-0000", "contents": "1952 Kern County earthquake, Earthquake, Aftershocks\nTwo shocks on July 25 that occurred within an hour of each other were felt throughout central California and caused pipeline damage south of Bakersfield and other minor building damage in several locations. Pre -existing ground disturbances were enhanced in Tejon Canyon, and landslides occurred at Caliente Creek Canyon, Oiler Canyon Grade, and on State Route 178 between Kernville and Bakersfield. A number of fires were initiated by the July 29 aftershock (intensity VII (Very strong)) and other severe damage was caused by it, especially to buildings that had already been damaged (including one in Bakersfield).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 52], "content_span": [53, 669]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069674-0011-0001", "contents": "1952 Kern County earthquake, Earthquake, Aftershocks\nThe strongest aftershock in the sequence came on August 22 as a magnitude 5.8 event with a maximum perceived intensity of VIII (Severe). Damage was especially heavy to brick buildings in Bakersfield, and although only a few buildings collapsed outright, 90 of 264 buildings that the shock damaged needed to be brought down completely. Total damage from this event alone was estimated to be $10 million, with several injuries, and two additional deaths.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 52], "content_span": [53, 505]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069674-0012-0000", "contents": "1952 Kern County earthquake, Earthquake, Peak acceleration\nPrior to the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake in Nantou County, Taiwan, little information was available for estimating ground motion that resulted from large (greater than M7) thrust earthquakes, and whether the values seen in that event are commonplace remains unresolved. Foam rubber modeling, numerical modeling, and field studies have shown that intense ground motions close to 1g are possible on the  hanging wall side of the fault during some large thrust earthquakes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 58], "content_span": [59, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069674-0012-0001", "contents": "1952 Kern County earthquake, Earthquake, Peak acceleration\nA common occurrence of shattered rock that has been observed on the hanging wall of thrust faults reinforces the existence of the strong motions, but precarious rock surveys have indicated that smaller ground motions are present on the foot wall side of the fault. Foam rubber modelling studies confirm that the ground motion on the foot wall side can be lower by a factor of up to five, and an example of this imbalance was displayed during the September 1999 M7.6 earthquake in Taiwan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 58], "content_span": [59, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069674-0013-0000", "contents": "1952 Kern County earthquake, Earthquake, Peak acceleration\nRocks are classified as precarious if their toppling accelerations are .3g or less and semi-precarious at .3\u2013.5g. The area around the White Wolf fault was surveyed by a group of earth scientists with extensive experience estimating thousands of rock formations. The toppling accelerations of many rocks were assessed by the three geologists, with individual estimates usually agreeing within .1g.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 58], "content_span": [59, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069674-0013-0001", "contents": "1952 Kern County earthquake, Earthquake, Peak acceleration\nOn the foot wall side, many precarious and semi-precarious rock formations were observed and allowed for peak ground acceleration to be estimated at .5g (within a kilometer of the fault trace) while rock shattering and a lack of precarious rocks on the hanging wall side suggested a value near 1g had been experienced at the time of the shock.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 58], "content_span": [59, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069674-0014-0000", "contents": "1952 Kern County earthquake, Earthquake, Ground effects\nMany erratic surface fractures were generated in the San Joaquin Valley along the White Wolf Fault. The cracks were not well-defined, and were the result of the disturbance of the alluvium that makes up the valley floor, rather than cracking along the fault trace. Northeast trending cracks ranging from hairline-width to near five inches wide were seen between Arvin and California State Route 166, and some showed clear lateral offset, but those were determined to be localized effects.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 55], "content_span": [56, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069674-0014-0001", "contents": "1952 Kern County earthquake, Earthquake, Ground effects\nSome of the fractures in the ground were aligned with the fault, and some were perpendicular to the general trend, but the more significant breaks were believed to be a direct result of faulting at depth. This was true in the mountainous areas as well, but some of the breaks at the higher elevations were probably related to slumping. The northeast trending breaks were described in a report from the State of California (that was prepared by well-known geologists and seismologists) as \"thrusting of the southeast block up and over the northwest block, and/or a lateral movement of the southeast block to the northeast\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 55], "content_span": [56, 678]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069674-0015-0000", "contents": "1952 Kern County earthquake, Earthquake, Ground effects\nOffset rows of cotton were documented at a number of locations along the northeast trending fault breaks in the valley. An offset of 3\u00a0ft (0.91\u00a0m) was seen 17 miles (27\u00a0km) south of Bakersfield, about .5\u00a0mi (0.80\u00a0km) east of California State Route 99, and 3 miles (4.8\u00a0km) southwest of Arvin a north\u2013south oriented row was offset with movement towards the west on the south side of the shift. At the same location, an east\u2013west road was dislocated towards the northeast a minimum of 5\u00a0ft (1.5\u00a0m), and near the mouth of Comanche Creek (6 miles (9.7\u00a0km) south of Arvin) a shallow-sloped fault scarp was raised with a maximum vertical displacement of about 3\u00a0ft (0.91\u00a0m).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 55], "content_span": [56, 724]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069674-0016-0000", "contents": "1952 Kern County earthquake, Response\nBeno Gutenberg, a German-American seismologist, was the director of the Caltech Seismological Laboratory at the time of the shock. He commented about the event first by saying that the energy of the event was 100 times that of the 1933 Long Beach earthquake. In statements made in the July 22 Los Angeles Times, the shock was compared to the 1857 Fort Tejon event. He went on to say, \"There is no doubt that yesterday's quake is the largest Southern California has had in this century and is the largest to occur in this area since modern instruments were available.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 604]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069674-0016-0001", "contents": "1952 Kern County earthquake, Response\nIt's possible that the 1857 quake might have been more intense.\" Charles Richter departed the lab in Pasadena in a mobile seismograph truck bound for the epicentral area to record aftershocks close to the fault, and Harry O. Wood  (the founder of the lab thirty years prior) visited the lab following the onset of the shocks and commented that it was still not possible to predict the location of large earthquakes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069674-0017-0000", "contents": "1952 Kern County earthquake, Response\nThe American Red Cross called it a major disaster, but getting relief into the area was stalled because of landslides blocking the ridge route running between Los Angeles and Kern counties. California State Route 99 was also blocked by a landslide ten miles south of Gorman, but the highway was quickly reopened later in the day. All aircraft not related to the relief effort were ordered not to land at the Tehachapi Municipal Airport. All 417 inmates from the Tehachapi Prison for Women were evacuated because of damage; the California Department of Corrections stated that the facility was left unusable. Most of the injured received medical care at Kern County General Hospital and some sought treatment at Tehachapi Valley Hospital, where some existing patients were moved to make room for new arrivals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 846]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069674-0018-0000", "contents": "1952 Kern County earthquake, Response\nThe railroad was reopened in 25 days by a construction force of one-thousand men and 175 pieces of earth-moving equipment including seven track gangs, nine bridge and building gangs, and personnel and equipment from Morrison-Knudsen. Four tunnels were quickly repaired, two more were daylighted by removing overburden to convert them to cuts, one was partially daylighted, and 1,250,000 cubic yards (960,000\u00a0m3) of fill were placed to construct a 4,358-foot (1.328\u00a0km) temporary alignment around the eighth tunnel while permanent repairs were underway.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 590]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069674-0019-0000", "contents": "1952 Kern County earthquake, Aftermath\nDowntown Bakersfield was heavily impacted by the earthquakes, and many damaged buildings were bulldozed to make room for buildings that were eventually constructed with newer architectural styles. After World War II, and with a booming economy, the region was experiencing a period of urban renewal. The Kern County Courthouse, St. Francis Church, and the original Beale Memorial Clock Tower were all damaged and were leveled or rebuilt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 38], "content_span": [39, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069674-0019-0001", "contents": "1952 Kern County earthquake, Aftermath\nIn what may have been an overambitious push for renewal, some historic buildings that may have been able to be salvaged also were brought down, though some stood for many years after the earthquakes. Some of Bakersfield's unreinforced masonry buildings survived the shocks and were still in use years later, but the cost of retrofitting these buildings was often prohibitive for their owners, and the Bakersfield City Council was given the authority to seize or demolish them in 1993. The city changed its approach in the late 1990s after building owners complained that the upgrade process was too expensive, and the possibility that the city may be left in possession of properties that were left needing the costly renovations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 38], "content_span": [39, 769]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069674-0020-0000", "contents": "1952 Kern County earthquake, Aftermath\nFollowing most present day damaging earthquakes, teams of investigators from institutions such as the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute are sent to the affected region to set up instruments to capture strong motion records, and to study the damage and other effects of the event. This has not always been the case, and the 1954 report from Steinbrugge and Moran that thoroughly detailed the effects (especially to buildings) of the 1952 shocks put in place a model for how modern earthquake reconnaissance reports are written. The strong motion record that was obtained from the 1952 shock, as well as the accelerogram from the 1940 El Centro earthquake, were the most widely used data sets until the 1971 San Fernando earthquake.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 38], "content_span": [39, 777]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069675-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Kesteven County Council election\nElections to Kesteven County Council were held on Saturday, 5 March 1952. Kesteven was one of three divisions of the historic county of Lincolnshire in England; it consisted of the ancient wapentakes (or hundreds) of Aswardhurn, Aveland, Beltisloe, Boothby Graffoe, Flaxwell, Langoe, Loveden, Ness, and Winnibriggs and Threo. The Local Government Act 1888 established Kesteven as an administrative county, governed by a Council; elections were held every three years from 1889, until it was abolished by the Local Government Act 1972, which established Lincolnshire County Council in its place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 632]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069675-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Kesteven County Council election\nThe county was divided into 60 electoral divisions, each of which returned one member. In 1952 there were contests in 13 of these, eight of which saw no change; Labour gained 4 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069675-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Kesteven County Council election, By-elections, Leadenham and Ruskington, May 1954\nCllrs S. J. Edwards (Leadenham) and A. J. Hosack (Ruskington) resigned prompting elections in their divisions. Polling took place on 22 May 1954. The results for Leadenham were:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 87], "content_span": [88, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069675-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Kesteven County Council election, By-elections, Leadenham and Ruskington, May 1954\nHence, Kelway and Brighton were elected. The Leadenham electorate numbered 1,171, meaning the turnout was approximately 57%. The number of registered voters in Ruskington was 1,702, and the turnout was 65%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 87], "content_span": [88, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069675-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Kesteven County Council election, By-elections, Corby and Navenby, July 1954\nThe elevation of the Earl of Ancaster (Corby) to the aldermanic bench, and the death of R. A. Mason (Navenby) prompted by-elections. Polling took place on 3 July 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 81], "content_span": [82, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069676-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1952 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship was the 58th staging of the Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Kilkenny County Board.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069676-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship\nOn 31 August 1952, Bennettsbridge won the championship after a 5-03 to 4-05 defeat of Tullaroan in the final. It was their second ever championship title overall and their first title since 1890.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069677-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 LFF Lyga\nThe 1952 LFF Lyga was the 31st season of the LFF Lyga football competition in Lithuania. It was contested by 12 teams, and KN Vilnius won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069678-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 LPGA Tour\nThe 1952 LPGA Tour was the third season since the LPGA Tour officially began in 1950. The season ran from January 4 to October 28. The season consisted of 24 official money events. Betsy Rawls won the most tournaments, eight. Rawls led the money list with earnings of $14,505.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069678-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 LPGA Tour\nThere was only one first-time winner in 1952, Marlene Bauer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 75]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069678-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 LPGA Tour, Tournament results\nThe following table shows all the official money events for the 1952 season. \"Date\" is the ending date of the tournament. The numbers in parentheses after the winners' names are the number of wins they had on the tour up to and including that event. Majors are shown in bold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 34], "content_span": [35, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069679-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 LSU Tigers football team\nThe 1952 LSU Tigers football team represented Louisiana State University (LSU) in the 1952 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069680-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 La Fl\u00e8che Wallonne\nThe 1952 La Fl\u00e8che Wallonne was the 16th edition of La Fl\u00e8che Wallonne cycle race and was held on 10 May 1952. The race started in Charleroi and finished in Li\u00e8ge. The race was won by Ferdinand K\u00fcbler.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069681-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election\nElections to the Labour Party's Shadow Cabinet (more formally, its \"Parliamentary Committee\") occurred in November 1952. In addition to the 12 members elected, the Leader (Clement Attlee), Deputy Leader (Herbert Morrison), Labour Chief Whip (William Whiteley), Labour Leader in the House of Lords (William Jowitt) were automatically members.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069682-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Labour Party deputy leadership election\nThe 1952 Labour Party deputy leadership election took place on 11 November 1952, after sitting deputy leader Herbert Morrison was challenged by Aneurin Bevan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069682-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Labour Party deputy leadership election, Sources\nThis United Kingdom election-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 53], "content_span": [54, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069683-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Lady Wigram Trophy\nThe 1952 Lady Wigram Trophy was a motor race held at the Wigram Airfield Circuit on 23 February 1952. It was the second Lady Wigram Trophy to be held and was won by Les Moore in the Alfa Romeo Tipo B for the second time in succession.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069684-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Lafayette Leopards football team\nThe 1952 Lafayette Leopards football team was an American football team that represented Lafayette College in the Middle Three Conference during the 1952 college football season. In its first season under head coach Steve Hokuf, the team compiled a 0\u20139 record. Edward Greaves and Jack Herbruck were the team captains. The team played its home games at Fisher Field in Easton, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069685-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Latvian SSR Higher League, Overview\nIt was contested by 11 teams, and AVN won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069686-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Leeds City Council election\nThe Leeds municipal elections were held on Thursday 8 May 1952, with one third of the council to be elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069686-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Leeds City Council election\nAlong with the rest of the country, Leeds saw a sharp swing from the Conservatives to Labour with a swing of over 15%, resulting in Labour receiving their highest post-war vote and making nine gains (alongside a gain in the interim) to whittle the Tory majority down to just two. Labour's nine gains were in the wards of Armley, Beeston, Blenheim, Bramley, Cross Gates, Stanningley, Westfield, Woodhouse, and Wortley. They also narrowly missed out on gaining Harehills. With the exception of a close-run victory in Beeston, the remarkably large swing made the Labour gains fairly comfortable. Turnout fell by two percent from the previous year, to 43.9%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 687]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069686-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Leeds City Council election, Election result\nThe result had the following consequences for the total number of seats on the council after the elections:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 49], "content_span": [50, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069687-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Leeds South East by-election\nThe 1952 Leeds South East by-election was held on 7 February 1952. It was held due to the elevation to a hereditary peerage of the incumbent Labour MP, James Milner. It was retained by the Labour candidate, Denis Healey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069688-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Lehigh Engineers football team\nThe 1952 Lehigh Engineers football team was an American football team that represented Lehigh University during the 1952 college football season. Lehigh tied for the Middle Three Conference championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069688-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Lehigh Engineers football team\nIn their third year under head coach William Leckonby, the Engineers compiled a 7\u20132 record. Bill Kitsos was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069688-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Lehigh Engineers football team\nLehigh only played one of its Middle Three opponents, beating Lafayette; co-champion Rutgers also beat Lafayette but did not face Lehigh, giving them identical 1\u20130 conference records.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069688-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Lehigh Engineers football team\nLehigh played its home games at Taylor Stadium on the university's main campus in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069689-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Libyan general election\nGeneral elections were held in Libya to elect the House of Representatives on 19 February 1952, except in three constituencies in Tripolitania, where the elections were delayed until March after rioters destroyed the electoral register on election day. They were the first elections in the country's history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069689-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Libyan general election, Electoral system\nVoting was restricted to sane and solvent men over the age of 21, and did not allow for secret balloting, except in urban areas. They elected 55 members to the Lower House of the Parliament in single member constituencies. The constituencies were divided into urban areas and rural areas; in the urban areas voters were given a ballot paper, which they dropped into the coloured ballot box of their candidate, whilst in rural areas voters were asked who they supported and their answer recorded by registering officer, with a committee of observers as witnesses. The committee included a returning officer, a judge and a notable person from the constituency.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 46], "content_span": [47, 705]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069689-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Libyan general election, Electoral system\nThe United Nations turned down a proposal that it should monitor the elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 46], "content_span": [47, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069689-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Libyan general election, Campaign and election day\nA total of 141 candidates contested the election, most of whom ran as independents. There were two opposing groups; one supportive of Prime Minister Mahmud al-Muntasir, and one led by the Congress Party headed by Beshir Bey Sadawi. The Congress Party was largely focussed on opposition to foreign influence in Libya, despite receiving financial support from Egypt. It also claimed that voting for pro-government candidates would lead to voters effectively excommunicating themselves from the Islamic faith. The Prime Minister called on voters to elect the candidate most likely to help implement the government's 19-point programme.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 55], "content_span": [56, 688]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069689-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Libyan general election, Campaign and election day\nOn election day one person was killed and a British police officer was injured following exchanges of fire between a crowd of people and the police in Misrata, and several people were also hospitalised after the police used tear gas. The violence broke out after the crowd was told that their requests for a Congress Party candidate to be present in the polling booth was illegal. Similar protests occurred in Tripolitania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 55], "content_span": [56, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069689-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Libyan general election, Results and aftermath\nAs expected, the Congress Party were victorious in Tripoli, but pro-government candidates won all other seats. The Congress Party won a total of eight seats, whilst the majority of seats were held by pro-government independents. Following the election, rioting broke out, resulting in all political parties being banned. Sadawi was deported to Egypt, along with his brother, nephew and some other supporters, whilst the Congress Party secretary was deported to his native Tunisia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 51], "content_span": [52, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069690-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Liechtenstein insurance referendum\nA referendum on introducing insurance for the elderly and bereaved was held in Liechtenstein on 14 December 1952. The proposal was approved by 53.5% of voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069691-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1952 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship was the 58th staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Limerick County Board in 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069691-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship\nTreaty Sarsfields won the championship after a 6-10 to 1-02 defeat of St. Patrick's in the final. It was their second championship title overall and their second title in succession.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069692-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Little League World Series\nThe 1952 Little League World Series was held from August 26 to August 29 in Williamsport, Pennsylvania. A team from Norwalk, Connecticut, beat Monongahela, Pennsylvania, by a score of 4\u20133 in the championship game of the 6th Little League World Series. A team from Montreal, Quebec, Canada, became the first participants from outside the United States in the history of the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069692-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Little League World Series\nAttendees at the championship game included Frank Shaughnessy, president of the International League, and Will Harridge, president of the American League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069693-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Liverpool City Council election\nElections to Liverpool City Council were held on 8 May 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069693-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Liverpool City Council election, Aldermanic Elections\nTwenty of the forty Aldermen were elected by the city council on 19 May 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 58], "content_span": [59, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069693-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Liverpool City Council election, Aldermanic Elections\nAll Aldermen and the wards they were allocated to as Returning Officer are shown in the table below:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 58], "content_span": [59, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069693-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, Breckfield by-election 13 November 1952\nFollowing the death of Alderman Walter Thomas Lancashire on 18 August 1952, Cllr. David John Lewis was elected as Alderman by the City Council on 3 September 1952 and assigned as returning officer for the Netherfield ward.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 91], "content_span": [92, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069693-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, Breckfield by-election 13 November 1952\nFollowing the death of Alderman James Conrad Cross on 18 August 1952, Cllr. George William Prout was elected as Alderman by the City Council on 3 September 1952 and assigned as returning officer to the Anfield ward.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 91], "content_span": [92, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069693-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, Breckfield by-election 13 November 1952\nFollowing the election of Cllr. David John Lewis and Cllr. George William Prout as Aldermen, there was a by-election for 2 seats for the Breckfield ward on 13 November 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 91], "content_span": [92, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069694-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Liverpool state by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Liverpool on 24 May 1952 because of the resignation of Jim McGirr (Labor) who had accepted an appointment as chair of the Maritime Services Board.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069695-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Li\u00e8ge\u2013Bastogne\u2013Li\u00e8ge\nThe 1952 Li\u00e8ge\u2013Bastogne\u2013Li\u00e8ge was the 38th edition of the Li\u00e8ge\u2013Bastogne\u2013Li\u00e8ge cycle race and was held on 11 May 1952. The race started and finished in Li\u00e8ge. The race was won by Ferdinand K\u00fcbler.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069696-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 London County Council election\nAn election to the County Council of London took place on 3 April 1952. The council was elected by First Past the Post with each elector having three votes in the three-member seats. The Labour Party made substantial gains and greatly increased its majority.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069696-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 London County Council election, Campaign\nThe Labour Party manifesto proposed increased slum clearance, new comprehensive schools, and new construction at the South Bank. It targeted Conservative seats in Fulham East, Hammersmith South, Kensington North and Paddington North.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069696-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 London County Council election, Campaign\nThe Conservative Party hoped to make a small number of gains and take control of the council. It targeted Labour-held seats in Brixton, Fulham West, Islington North and St Pancras North. Its manifesto proposed working more closely with the government in building housing, closing civic restaurants, and halting the construction of comprehensive schools.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069696-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 London County Council election, Campaign\nThe Liberal Party stood only twelve candidates, and hoped to retain its representation in Bethnal Green. The Conservatives stood only two candidates in the constituency, and suggested that its supporters voted for the Liberal candidate Nicholas Harris, son of retiring Liberal councillor Percy Harris.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069696-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 London County Council election, Results\nLabour won a significant majority in the election, gaining 27 seats, and increasing their vote share in almost every constituency. The Conservatives had for some years received higher vote shares in council elections than at general elections, but this pattern was reversed. The party was particularly surprised to lose a seat in Holborn and St Pancras South, which had a large business vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069696-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 London County Council election, Results\nThe Liberal Party lost its only seat on the council, and saw its vote share in Bethnal Green fall to less than half its previous level, although it did still beat the Conservative Party in the constituency. The Communist Party also saw its vote drop severely, although it was able to beat the Conservative Party in its best constituency of Stepney.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069696-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 London County Council election, Results\nTurnout in the election was up from 1949, with 41% of possible votes cast. A record number of women were elected, comprising nearly one-third of the total number of members of the council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069697-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Los Angeles Rams season\nThe 1952 Los Angeles Rams season was the team's 15th year with the National Football League and the seventh season in Los Angeles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069697-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Los Angeles Rams season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 39], "content_span": [40, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069698-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Los Angeles State Diablos football team\nThe 1952 Los Angeles State Diablos football team represented Los Angeles State during the 1952 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069698-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Los Angeles State Diablos football team\nLos Angeles State competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA). This was the second year of intercollegiate play for Los Angeles State, and the team was again led by head coach Leonard (Bud) Adams. The Diablos played home games at Los Angeles State Field. They finished the season with a record of four wins and four losses (4\u20134, 1\u20133 CCAA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069698-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Los Angeles State Diablos football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Los Angeles State players were selected in the 1953 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 69], "content_span": [70, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069699-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football team\nThe 1952 Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football team was an American football team that represented the Louisiana Polytechnic Institute (now known as Louisiana Tech University) as a member of the Gulf States Conference during the 1952 college football season. In their twelfth year under head coach Joe Aillet, the team compiled a 6\u20131\u20132 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069700-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Louisiana gubernatorial election\nThe 1952 Louisiana gubernatorial election was held in two rounds on January 15 and February 19, 1952. Like most Southern states between the Reconstruction Era and the Civil Rights Movement, Louisiana's Republican Party was virtually nonexistent in terms of electoral support.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069700-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Louisiana gubernatorial election\nThis meant that the two Democratic Party primary elections held on these dates were the real contest over who would be governor of Louisiana. The 1952 election saw the defeat of Long candidate Carlos Spaht, and the election of Robert F. Kennon as governor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069700-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Louisiana gubernatorial election\nIn the low-turnout general election held on April 22, 1952, Kennon defeated Harrison Bagwell, a Baton Rouge lawyer and only the second Louisiana Republican gubernatorial nominee since Reconstruction. Kennon received 118,723 votes (96 percent) to Bagwell's 4,958 votes (4 percent).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069700-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Louisiana gubernatorial election, Sources\nThis Louisiana-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 46], "content_span": [47, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069701-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Louisville Cardinals football team\nThe 1952 Louisville Cardinals football team was an American football team that represented the University of Louisville as an independent during the 1952 college football season. In their seventh season under head coach Frank Camp, the Cardinals compiled a 3\u20135 record. Johnny Unitas was a player on the team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069702-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Luqa Avro Lancaster crash\nThe 1952 Luqa Avro Lancaster crash was a military aviation accident that occurred in Malta on 30 December 1952 when an Avro Lancaster bomber crashed shortly after takeoff from RAF Luqa into a residential area in Luqa. Three of the four crew members on board the aircraft and a civilian on the ground were killed. The crash also caused extensive property damage. The cause of the crash was engine failure.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069702-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Luqa Avro Lancaster crash, Background\nThe aircraft involved in the accident was an Avro Lancaster ASR.III Search and Rescue (SAR) aircraft, serial number SW344. The aircraft had been built during World War II, and after the conflict ended it was modified for maritime search and rescue. It was delivered to No. 37 Squadron RAF in April 1951. This type of aircraft were outdated by 1952, and the squadron was planning on replacing its Lancasters with Avro Shackletons in 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069702-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Luqa Avro Lancaster crash, Background\nThe aircraft was crewed by pilot John C. E. Smith, co-pilot Charles Glanville, radio operator John Crawford Logan and flight engineer Wilfred Morris. It was Glanville's first flight as a captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069702-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Luqa Avro Lancaster crash, Accident\nOn the day of the accident, the aircraft was to take part in a training flight. After routine checks were performed, the aircraft's engine was started up and it taxied to Runway 06 of RAF Luqa. At 11.40am, as it was making its takeoff run, the inboard port Rolls-Royce Merlin engine began to cut out intermittently, and the engine stopped working completely as the aircraft took off.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069702-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Luqa Avro Lancaster crash, Accident\nWith three out of its four engines still working, Smith took over control of the aircraft and attempted to return to the airfield to make an emergency landing. However, the aircraft's speed was too slow, its altitude was too low and it was turning to starboard, and less than three minutes after takeoff it crashed into a residential area in the town of Luqa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069702-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Luqa Avro Lancaster crash, Accident\nThe aircraft hit a house and then crashed into St George Street, hitting three more houses in the process. The aircraft then caught fire, and some debris fell into New Street. The aircraft's tail landed in a building site where a war-damaged house was being rebuilt, while parts of the wings and engines landed on houses, in gardens or in the street. The crash left a trail of destruction of about 275 metres (902\u00a0ft), with a number of houses being severely damaged or destroyed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069702-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 Luqa Avro Lancaster crash, Rescue and recovery efforts\nThe search and rescue operation was initially carried out by firefighters from RAF Luqa and the Malta police. Other rescuers arrived on the crash site soon afterwards, including teams from RAF Hal Far and RAF Ta Kali and from the Admiralty Dockyard. British paramedics and specialists as well as United States Navy personnel who had been based at \u0126al Far also offered first aid to the victims.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069702-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 Luqa Avro Lancaster crash, Rescue and recovery efforts\nThree of the four crew members on the Lancaster survived the initial crash but were badly injured. Two of them died in hospital within hours of the crash or the following day, leaving pilot Smith as the sole survivor. A civilian from Luqa suffered severe burns due to fire from fuel in one of the aircraft's wings which landed in her garden. She was taken to St Luke's Hospital, where she died on 1 January 1953. At least two other people suffered less serious burns and were also taken to hospital.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069702-0008-0000", "contents": "1952 Luqa Avro Lancaster crash, Aftermath\nAfter the crash, New Year celebrations at RAF Luqa were cancelled to respect the victims. Two of the crew members were buried at the Imtarfa Military Cemetery on 2 January 1953, while the remains of radio operator Crawford Logan were flown to Scotland and were buried there. The civilian who died of her injuries was buried at the Luqa parish cemetery.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069702-0009-0000", "contents": "1952 Luqa Avro Lancaster crash, Aftermath\nThe crash resulted in extensive damage to a number of buildings, with 14 properties suffering some form of damage. A court-appointed architect and Public Works Department surveyed the damage to buildings and services respectively. One family whose house was severely damaged was given alternative accommodation in a building which had been constructed to house Luqa's police station. On the day of the crash, the commanding officer at RAF Luqa sent a \u00a325 cheque from the AOC Benevolent Fund to the Luqa parish priest as initial relief for the victims.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069702-0009-0001", "contents": "1952 Luqa Avro Lancaster crash, Aftermath\nThe RAF was later willing to pay ex gratia compensation, but not as much as was requested by those who had lost property in the crash. Labour Party leader Dom Mintoff campaigned for adequate compensation to be given, and eventually the Claims Commission made a report which awarded compensation based on court experts' evaluations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069702-0010-0000", "contents": "1952 Luqa Avro Lancaster crash, Aftermath\nOne of the first responders at the crash site, RAF Luqa fire section chief Cecil F. Harrison, was awarded the British Empire Medal on 1 September 1953 for his deeds during the rescue. He had discovered two crew members who had been thrown out of the aircraft, and he comforted them amidst burning wreckage and shouted until further help arrived.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069702-0011-0000", "contents": "1952 Luqa Avro Lancaster crash, Aftermath, Investigation\nAn official inquest was held and it found that Flight Sergeant Smith was not responsible for causing the accident.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069703-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Lyne by-election\nThe 1952 by-election for the Australian House of Representatives seat of Lyne was called on 22 March after the death of the incumbent Country Party of Australia member Jim Eggins who died in office on 28 January.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069703-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Lyne by-election, Candidates\nContesting the seat for the Country Party were Donald Lancaster and Philip Lucock, who had stood as one of multiple Country Party candidates for the seat at the 1949 election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 33], "content_span": [34, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069703-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Lyne by-election, Candidates\nTheir main opponent was Edward Hayes of the Australian Labor Party. He had been the Labor party candidate at several previous polls.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 33], "content_span": [34, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069703-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Lyne by-election, Candidates\nTwo independents, Edward Spensley and Joe Cordner, also stood for the seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 33], "content_span": [34, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069703-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Lyne by-election, Results\nThe presence of two Country Party candidates split the vote and Hayes took three thousand votes more than either Lucock or Lancaster, but with preferences from Lancaster, Lucock easily won the seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069703-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Lyne by-election, Aftermath\nWhen Philip Lucock was sworn in as the member for Lyne on 22 March 1952, he became the first member of the House of Representatives to swear allegiance to Queen Elizabeth II who had ascended to the throne on 6 February.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 32], "content_span": [33, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069703-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 Lyne by-election, Aftermath\nAt the following Federal election in 1954 Lancaster stood as an independent candidate against his former Country Party colleague.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 32], "content_span": [33, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069704-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Madhya Bharat Legislative Assembly election\nElections to the Legislative Assembly of the Indian state of Madhya Bharat were held on 26 March 1952. 440 candidates contested for the 79 constituencies in the Assembly. There were 20 two-member constituencies and 59 single-member constituencies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069704-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Madhya Bharat Legislative Assembly election, State Reorganization and Merger\nOn 1 November 1956, under States Reorganisation Act, 1956, All districts of Madhya Bharat, except the Sunel enclave of the Mandsaur district, was merged into Madhya Pradesh. The Sunel enclave of the Mandsaur district was merged in Rajasthan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 81], "content_span": [82, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069705-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election\nElections to the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly were held on 26 March 1952. 1,122 candidates contested for the 184 constituencies in the Assembly. There were 48 two-member constituencies and 136 single-member constituencies, for a total of 232 seats. On 1 November 1956, under States Reorganisation Act, 1956, Madhya Bharat, Vindhya Pradesh, and Bhopal state were merged into Madhya Pradesh and the Marathi-speaking districts of Nagpur Division were transferred to Bombay State. Hence the constituencies were re-organized during 1957 elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069705-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, State Reorganization\nOn 1 November 1956, under States Reorganisation Act, 1956, Madhya Bharat (except the Sunel enclave of the Mandsaur district), Vindhya Pradesh, Bhopal State and the Sironj sub-division of the Kota district of Rajasthan were merged into Madhya Pradesh while the Marathi-speaking districts of Nagpur Division, (namely Buldana, Akola , Amravati , Yeotmal, Wardha , Nagpur, Bhandara and Chanda), were transferred to Bombay State. This resulted in increase in assembly constituencies from 184 with 232 seats to 218 constituencies with 288 seats during 1957 elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 71], "content_span": [72, 633]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069706-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election\nThe first legislative assembly Election to the Madras state based on universal adult suffrage was held in March 1952. This was the first election held in Madras state after the Indian Independence. This election was officially known as the 1951 Madras State Election, even though through delays, actual voting didn't take place until early 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069706-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election\nNo single party obtained a simple majority to form an independent Government. C. Rajagopalachari (Rajaji) of the Indian National Congress became the Chief Minister after a series of re-alignments among various political parties and Independents. The Telugu speaking regions of Madras State split to form the Andhra state in 1953, leading to the consolidation of the non-Brahmin Congress faction under the leadership of K. Kamaraj. Faced with internal dissent and heavy opposition to his Hereditary education policy, Rajaji resigned in 1954. In the ensuing leadership struggle, Kamaraj defeated Rajaji's chosen successor C. Subramaniam and became the Chief Minister on 31 March 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 724]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069706-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election, Background, Factionalism in Congress\nIn the years after the 1946 election, factionalism was common place in the Congress party in Madras. During 1946\u201351, three different Congress chief ministers headed the Madras government. T. Prakasam was the Chief Minister of Madras presidency immediately after the 1946 election. As a Telugu speaker, he was often at odds with the Madras Provincial Congress Committee president K. Kamaraj. Kamaraj forced the resignation of Prakasam within a year. In 1947, Omandur Ramaswamy Reddiar, Kamaraj's nominee, became the Chief Minister.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 79], "content_span": [80, 610]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069706-0002-0001", "contents": "1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election, Background, Factionalism in Congress\nWhen Reddiar showed signs of independence, Kamaraj engineered his removal by a vote of no confidence in Congress Legislature Party on 31 March 1949. P. S. Kumaraswamy Raja, the next Chief Minister who formed the Government on 6 April 1949 was believed to be a stooge of Kamaraj. He retained the chiefministership till the 1952 election when he lost his seat in Srivilliputhur constituency. The main factions within the Madras Congress Party during this period were: 1) the Andhra (Prakasam) faction, 2) the Rajaji faction 3) Kamaraj faction (Tamil non-Brahmin members) and 4)the Bezawada Gopala Reddy and Kala Venkata Rao faction supported by the All India Congress Committee president Pattabhi Sitaramayya", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 79], "content_span": [80, 786]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069706-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election, Background, Factionalism in Congress\nThe Prakasam faction later split from the Congress to form the Hyderabad State Praja Party. The party merged with the Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party in June 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 79], "content_span": [80, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069706-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election, Background, Communists in electoral process\nIn 1951, the Communist Party of India (CPI) which had been waging an armed struggle during 1948\u201351, gave up the attempt to wrest power through force and joined the political mainstream. At the 1951 congress of the party, \"People's Democracy\" was replaced by \"National Democracy\" as the main slogan of the party and the decision was made to contest the elections. One of the armed movements supported by the CPI was the Telangana Rebellion in the princely state of Hyderabad. Though the rebellion was crushed by 1951, the communists retained widespread support in the neighboring Andhra region.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 86], "content_span": [87, 680]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069706-0004-0001", "contents": "1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election, Background, Communists in electoral process\nThis was due to their policy of linguistic nationalism (the demand for a separate state of Telugu speaking people) and their support base amongst the Kamma caste which was opposed to the Reddy supported Congress. Till then, all the previous elections had been conducted on a limited franchise based on property ownership qualifications. The election of 1951 was the first one to be based on a universal franchise. The Communists had the support of most of the first time voters \u2013 landless peasants and agricultural labourers. They also had a strong presence in the agrarian district of Tanjore in Tamil Nadu where they were supported by the Dravidar Kazhagam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 86], "content_span": [87, 746]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069706-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election, Background, Split in the Dravidian Movement\nThe Dravidar Kazhagam (DK), the main opposition party to the Congress in the Tamil speaking areas of the state split in 1949. C. N. Annadurai, once a protege of the DK leader Periyar E. V. Ramasamy, quit the DK and founded a new party \u2013 Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK). Both the DK and the DMK were secessionist advocates for Dravidistan- a separate state for Dravidians. Some of the old guard of the Justice party, which had been renamed as Dravidar Kazhagam in 1944, refused to accept Periyar's leadership. Led by P. T. Rajan, they insisted they were still the real Justice party and contested the 1952 elections under the \"Scales\" symbol.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 86], "content_span": [87, 728]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069706-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election, Constituencies\nAccording to the Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies (Madras) Order, 1951, made by the President under sections 6 and 9 of the Representation of the People Act, 1950, the Madras Legislative Assembly consisted of 375 seats to be filled by election, distributed in 309 constituencies and 62 two-member constituencies in each of which a seat had been reserved for Scheduled Castes and four two-member constituencies in each of which a seat had been reserved for Scheduled Tribes. Three seats were uncontested. The elections were conducted for the remaining 372 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 57], "content_span": [58, 644]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069706-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election, Constituencies\nThe two member constituencies were established in accordance to Article 332 of the Indian Constitution. The voting method and the plurality electoral formula were defined in The Representation of People Act, 1950. Out of the total 309 constituencies in the undivided Madras State, 66 were two member constituencies, 62 of which had one seat reserved for Scheduled Caste candidates and 4 for Scheduled Tribe candidates. These constituencies were larger in size and had greater number of voters (more than 1,00,000) when compared to general constituencies. Two separate list of candidates, a general list and a reserved list, contested in those constituencies. Each voter had to cast two votes \u2013 one for each list.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 57], "content_span": [58, 770]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069706-0008-0000", "contents": "1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election, Constituencies\nThis system led to anomalies. In some cases like the Coimbatore \u2013 II constituency in the 1957 election, both elected members belonged to the reserved list \u2013 the candidate with second highest number of votes in reserved list secured more votes than the highest vote getter in the general list. Multiple members were elected only in the 1952 and 1957 elections as double member representation was abolished in 1961 by the enactment of Two-Member Constituencies Abolition Act (1961).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 57], "content_span": [58, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069706-0009-0000", "contents": "1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election, Political Parties\nThe main opponents for the Congress in Madras were the CPI, Prakasam's Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party (KMPP) and the Krishikar Lok Party led by N. G. Ranga (a breakaway group from KMPP's predecessor - the Hyderabad State Praja Party). The Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) did not contest the 1952 election. Instead it supported the candidates of the Vanniyar caste based parties \u2013 the Commonweal Party and the Tamil Nadu Toilers Party \u2013 and five independents in Chengelpet, Salem, North and South Arcot districts. The candidates they backed had to sign a pledge to support DMK's agenda in the legislative assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 60], "content_span": [61, 669]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069706-0009-0001", "contents": "1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election, Political Parties\nThe Dravidar Kazhagam also did not participate directly in the election. However, it supported the Communists in an effort to defeat the Indian National Congress which it claimed was a Brahmin dominated party. It also supported a number of other parties and Independents in the election. The Justice party, led by P. T. Rajan contested in nine seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 60], "content_span": [61, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069706-0010-0000", "contents": "1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election, Election\nPolling was held in nine phases (2, 5, 8, 9, 11, 12, 16, 21 and 25 January) in January 1952. In all, 2,507 persons filed their nominations-2,472 men and 35 women. Of these, the nominations were rejected in respect of 79 candidates-78 men and one woman. Seven hundred and fifty-one candidates withdrew their nominations in time-741 men and 10 women.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 51], "content_span": [52, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069706-0011-0000", "contents": "1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election, Government formation, Election of C. Rajagopalachari\nThe composite Madras State then included parts of Andhra Pradesh, Kerala and Karnataka with a total of 375 assembly members. The Indian National Congress was reduced to a minority with 152 members in an assembly of 375. It won 4 seats from the 29 in Malabar, 43 of the 143 in the Andhra areas, 96 of the 190 Tamil constituencies and 9 of the 11 seats from Kannada speaking areas. Kumaraswami Raja, the incumbent Chief Minister lost the election along with five members of his cabinet (Bezawada Gopala Reddy, Kala Venkata Rao, K. Chandramouli, K. Madhava Menon and M. Bhaktavatsalam).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 95], "content_span": [96, 679]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069706-0012-0000", "contents": "1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election, Government formation, Election of C. Rajagopalachari\nA large number of CPI members were elected from Andhra region of Madras state which had for some years demanded a separate state for Telugu speaking areas. In February 1952, the non-congress members convened under T. Prakasam, leader of the KMPP, at Madras to form the United Democratic Front (UDF) and issued a \"Common Minimum Program\". They claimed to control 166 seats (CPI and CPI backed independents \u2013 70, KMPP \u2013 36, Tamil Nadu Toilers Party \u2013 19, Commonweal party \u2013 6, FBL (MG) \u2013 3, SCF \u2013 1, JUSP \u22121 and Independents \u2013 30).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 95], "content_span": [96, 625]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069706-0012-0001", "contents": "1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election, Government formation, Election of C. Rajagopalachari\nPrakasam wrote to the Governor Sri Prakasa staking his claim to form the Government as the leader of the single largest formation. The Congress did not want the Communists taking power or to impose Governor's rule in the state. It brought Rajaji out of retirement to form the Government as a consensus candidate. Kamaraj, President of the Madras Provincial Congress Committee was of the opinion that the UDF should be allowed to form the Government as he had predicted the weak coalition might eventually fall apart. However other leaders such as T. T. Krishnamachari and Ramnath Goenka wanted Rajaji to be nominated to form the Government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 95], "content_span": [96, 736]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069706-0013-0000", "contents": "1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election, Government formation, Election of C. Rajagopalachari\nRajaji was invited by Sri Prakasa to form the Government on 1 April 1952 and was sworn in on 10 April 1952. He refused to run for a by-election and the Governor nominated him for the assembly's upper house (Legislative Council). It was considered to be a \"constitutional impropriety\" as the nomination of a member to the Council could be done only at the recommendation of the cabinet. But in this case, the Governor acted unilaterally when no cabinet had been formed yet.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 95], "content_span": [96, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069706-0013-0001", "contents": "1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election, Government formation, Election of C. Rajagopalachari\nOn 6 May, the incumbent Speaker of the assembly, J. Shivashanmugam Pillai of the Congress was reelected as the Speaker defeating independent MLA Swayamprakasam by 206 votes to 162. On 3 July, Rajaji was able to win a vote of confidence with the support of 200 members with 151 opposing (and 1 neutral). This was the first time such a \"confidence motion\" was moved in any legislature in India. He was able to secure the majority by engineering a series of defections from the UDF and with the help of other parties:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 95], "content_span": [96, 610]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069706-0014-0000", "contents": "1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election, Government formation, Election of K. Kamaraj\nAndhra State was formed from the Telugu-speaking regions of Madras State after a widespread agitation in 1953. The Madras assembly was reduced from 375 to 230, 140 members going to Andhra and 5 to Mysore with the Congress Party controlling 118 seats; an outright majority. This strengthened the positions of non-Brahmin Congress forces under the leadership of K. Kamaraj. He ousted Rajaji on 31 March 1954 and was elected the leader of Congress Legislative Party. Kamaraj consolidated his position by offering ministerial position to leaders of Tamil Nadu Toilers Party and Commonweal Party. This event marked the end of Brahmin domination in Tamil Nadu Congress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 87], "content_span": [88, 751]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069706-0015-0000", "contents": "1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election, Impact\nKamaraj resigned his presidency of the Provincial Congress Committee owning responsibility for the election loss and was soon replaced by P. Subbarayan. Rajaji's nomination to the Legislative Council was challenged in the Madras High Court by P. Ramamurthi, the CPI MLA from Madurai North Constituency. Chief Justice Rajamannar and Justice Venkatarama Ayyar, who heard the public interest writ petition declined to intervene by opining that \"the court could not decide political rights or enforce public interest or constitutional conventions\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 49], "content_span": [50, 594]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069706-0015-0001", "contents": "1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election, Impact\nThis precedent set by Governor Prakasa became the first among a long list of constitutional improprieties committed by governors to help the party in power in the central government. The Sarkaria Commission established in 1983 to examine the balance of power between state and central governments remarked on the precedent that the \"Governor's task is to see that a government is formed and not to try to form a government which will pursue the policies he approves\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 49], "content_span": [50, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069706-0016-0000", "contents": "1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election, Cabinet, Kamaraj's Cabinet\nMembers of cabinet who served between 13 April 1954 \u2013 13 April 1957 under the Chief Ministership of Kamraj are", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069706-0017-0000", "contents": "1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election, List of elected members, Tamil Nadu\nElection results from constituencies which would later become part of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala and Karnataka are listed here.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 78], "content_span": [79, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069706-0018-0000", "contents": "1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election, Delimitation and Reorganisation\nOn 1 October 1953, a separate Andhra State consisting of the Telugu-speaking areas of the composite Madras State was formed and the Kannada-speaking area of Bellary District was merged with the then Mysore State. This reduced the strength of the Legislative Assembly to 231.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 74], "content_span": [75, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069706-0019-0000", "contents": "1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election, Delimitation and Reorganisation\nOn 1 November 1956, Madras State was re-organized as per States Reorganisation Act, 1956. Malabar District of the state was transferred to the new state of Kerala, and a new union territory, Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Islands, was carved out. The southern part (Tamil-speaking area) of Travancore-Cochin (present day Kanyakumari district) and Shenkottah taluk were merged into the state. Later in 1968, the state was renamed as Tamil Nadu. This led to re-organization of legislative assembly constituencies during 1957 assembly elections in the state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 74], "content_span": [75, 631]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069706-0020-0000", "contents": "1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election, Delimitation and Reorganisation\nThe strength of the Madras Legislative Assembly was increased to 205 in accordance with the new Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order 1956, made by the Delimitation Commission of India under the provisions of the State Reorganisation Act, 1956. The 1957 elections were conducted for these 205 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 74], "content_span": [75, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069707-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Maine Black Bears football team\nThe 1952 Maine Black Bears football team was an American football team that represented the University of Maine as a member of the Yankee Conference during the 1952 college football season. In its second season under head coach Harold Westerman, the team compiled a 4\u20133 record (3\u20131 against conference opponents) and finished in a three-way tie for the Yankee Conference championship. The team played its home games at Alumni Field in Orono, Maine. John Butterfield and Phil Butterfield, Jr., were the team captains.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 552]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069708-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Maine gubernatorial election\nThe 1952 Maine gubernatorial election took place on September 8, 1952. Incumbent Republican Governor Frederick G. Payne was term limited and seeking election to the United States Senate, thus did not run. Maine Senate President Burton M. Cross faced off against Democratic challenger, former Congressman James C. Oliver (who served in Congress as a Republican) and Independent Neil Bishop in the general election, easily defeating both men. Burton's election was the ninth consecutive victory for the Republicans in Maine gubernatorial races.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069708-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Maine gubernatorial election\nThe period after the election itself was rather unusual. Cross actually became Governor about two weeks prior to the start of his elected term of office \u2013 the outgoing Governor, Frederick G. Payne had resigned on December 25, 1952 to prepare for his term in the United States Senate. Cross, as President of the Senate became Governor through constitutional succession. Cross himself resigned as Senate President (and Governor) at 10:00am January 6, 1953 and was replaced for the next 25 hours by Nathaniel Haskell. At 11:00am on January 7, 1953, Cross' official elected term of office began.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 625]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069708-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Maine gubernatorial election, Notes\nThis Maine elections-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 40], "content_span": [41, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069709-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Major League Baseball All-Star Game\nThe 1952 Major League Baseball All-Star Game was the 19th playing of the midsummer classic between the all-stars of the American League (AL) and National League (NL), the two leagues comprising Major League Baseball. The game was held on July 8, 1952, at Shibe Park in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania the home of the Philadelphia Phillies of the National League. The game resulted in the National League defeating the American League 3\u20132 in 5 innings. It was the first All-Star Game\u2014and to date, the only\u2014to be called early due to rain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069709-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Major League Baseball All-Star Game\nMickey Mantle was selected an All-Star for the first time, as was pitcher Satchel Paige, who a day before the game turned 46 years old. Neither appeared in the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069709-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Synopsis\nJackie Robinson's first-inning home run off American League starting pitcher Vic Raschi to deep left field gave the National League a 1-0 lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 50], "content_span": [51, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069709-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Synopsis\nIn the top of the fourth inning, Minnie Mi\u00f1oso doubled, Al Rosen drew a walk and Eddie Robinson singled in the AL's first run. Next batter Bobby \u00c1vila's infield single made it 2-1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 50], "content_span": [51, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069709-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Synopsis\nBefore the rain came, the NL struck back with a Hank Sauer homer off Bob Lemon in the bottom of the fourth, with what turned out to be the game-winning runs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 50], "content_span": [51, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069709-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Rosters\nPlayers in italics have since been inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 49], "content_span": [50, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069709-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Game, Umpires\nAl Barlick  (NL)(home), Charlie Berry (AL) (first base), Dusty Boggess (NL)(second base), Bill Summers (AL)(third base), Lon Warneke (NL)(left field), Hank Soar (AL) (right field)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 55], "content_span": [56, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069710-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Major League Baseball season\nThe 1952 Major League Baseball season was contested from April 15 to October 7, 1952. The Braves were playing their final season in Boston, before the team relocated to Milwaukee the following year, thus, ending fifty seasons without any MLB team relocating.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069711-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Malayan local elections\nThe local elections were held in a common date (6 December 1952) for all six municipal and town councils in the Federation of Malaya.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069711-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Malayan local elections, Local councils election, Pasir Pinji New Village\nThe Pasir Pinji New Village local council election is the first election to be held in Perak in December 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 78], "content_span": [79, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069712-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Maldivian constitutional referendum\nA constitutional referendum was held in the Maldives on 17 and 18 April 1952. The new constitution would convert the country from a monarchy to a republic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069712-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Maldivian constitutional referendum, Background\nAfter the death of Sultan Abdul Majeed Didi on 21 February 1952, the members of the country's parliament chose Mohamed Amin Didi to be the next Sultan. However, he stated that \"for the sake of the people of Maldives I would not accept the crown and the throne\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 52], "content_span": [53, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069712-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Maldivian constitutional referendum, Background\nThe People's Majlis voted on 13 April to form a commission with Amin Didi as its chairman to determine the country's future governance structure. Other members included Famuladeyri Kaleygefan, Chief Justice Abdullah Jalaludeen, Majlis Speaker Malim Moosa Mafaiy Kilegefan, Deputy Vazirul-Auzam Ibrahim Mohamed Didi, Kolhumadulu Atoll MP Ibrahim Shihab, Galolhu MP Bucha Hassan Kaleygefan and Faadhippolhu Atoll chief Kaannaa Kaleygefan. On 16 April the People's Majlis affirmed the commission's decision to form a republic, and to hold a referendum on a new constitution over the following two days. However, the referendum would only be held in Mal\u00e9.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 52], "content_span": [53, 704]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069712-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Maldivian constitutional referendum, Results\nThe results of the referendum were announced at 16:00 on 18 April. A large majority had voted in favour, and the new constitution came into force on 1 January 1953. Didi became the country's first President after winning almost 96% of the vote in an election. However, he was overthrown on 21 August that year. Following a referendum in the same month, the country reverted to monarchy status on 7 March 1954, with Muhammad Fareed Didi as sultan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 49], "content_span": [50, 496]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069712-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Maldivian constitutional referendum, Results\nIn 1968 a third referendum on the issue was held, resulting in the country becoming a republic for the second time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 49], "content_span": [50, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069713-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Maldivian presidential election\nPresidential elections were held for the first time in the Maldives in 1952. They followed the approval of a new constitution in a referendum in March 1952, which had changed the country's system of governance from being a monarchy to a republic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069713-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Maldivian presidential election\nThe result was a victory for Mohamed Amin Didi, who received almost 96% of the vote. Amin Didi subsequently became the country's first President.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069714-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Marquette Hilltoppers football team\nThe 1952 Marquette Hilltoppers football team was an American football team that represented Marquette University as an independent during the 1952 college football season. In its third season under head coach Lisle Blackbourn, the team compiled a 3\u20135\u20131 record and outscored opponents by a total of 214 to 181. The team played its home games at Marquette Stadium in Milwaukee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069715-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Marshall Thundering Herd football team\nThe 1952 Marshall Thundering Herd football team was an American football team that represented Marshall University as an independent during the 1952 college football season. In its second season under head coach Pete Pederson, the team compiled a 2\u20137\u20132 record and was outscored by a total of 233 to 193. The team played its home games at Fairfield Stadium in Huntington, West Virginia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069716-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Maryland State Hawks football team\nThe 1952 Maryland State Hawks football team was an American football team that represented Maryland State College (now known as University of Maryland Eastern Shore) during the 1952 college football season. In their fifth season under head coach Vernon McCain, the team compiled a 9\u20131 record, shut out five of ten opponents, and outscored all opponents by a total of 257 to 52.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069717-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Maryland Terrapins football team\nThe 1952 Maryland Terrapins football team represented the University of Maryland in 1951 college football season as a member of the Southern Conference (SoCon). However, during the 1952 season, Maryland underwent sanctions by the Southern Conference that disallowed the team from playing any conference opponents. This was in response to Maryland's violation of a newly instituted ban on postseason play the year prior by its participation in the 1952 Sugar Bowl. Jim Tatum served as the head coach for the sixth season of his nine-year tenure. The team compiled a 7\u20132 record The loss against 14th-ranked Mississippi ended Maryland's school-record 22-game winning streak. After the season, Maryland left the Southern Conference in order to become a founding member of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 842]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069718-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Massachusetts elections\nA Massachusetts general election was held on November 4, 1952 in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Primary elections took place on September 16.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069718-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Massachusetts elections\nAt the federal level, Representative John F. Kennedy defeated incumbent Senator Henry Cabot Lodge in a close election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069718-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Massachusetts elections\nIn the race for Governor, Republican Christian Herter defeated incumbent Democrat Paul Dever. Republicans also defeated incumbent Democrats in the races for Lieutenant Governor and Attorney General.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069718-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Massachusetts elections, Governor\nRepublican Christian Herter was elected over Democratic incumbent Paul A. Dever, Peace Progressive candidate Florence H. Luscomb, Socialist Labor candidate Lawrence Gilfedder, and Prohibition candidate Guy S. Williams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069718-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Massachusetts elections, Lieutenant Governor\nRepublican Sumner G. Whittier was elected Lieutenant Governor over Democratic incumbent Charles F. Sullivan, Socialist Labor candidate Francis A. Votano, and Prohibition candidate William R. Ferry.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 49], "content_span": [50, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069718-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Massachusetts elections, Lieutenant Governor, Republican primary, Results\nSumner Whittier ran unopposed for the Republican nomination for Lt. Governor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 78], "content_span": [79, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069718-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 Massachusetts elections, Attorney General\nRepublican George Fingold was elected Attorney General over Democratic incumbent Francis E. Kelly, Socialist Workers candidate Arthur W. Blomen, and Prohibition candidate Howard B. Rand in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 46], "content_span": [47, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069718-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 Massachusetts elections, Secretary of the Commonwealth\nIncumbent Secretary of the Commonwealth Edward J. Cronin defeated Republican Beatrice Hancock Mullaney, Socialist Labor candidate Fred M. Ingersoll, and Prohibition candidate Alice M. Ferry in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 59], "content_span": [60, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069718-0008-0000", "contents": "1952 Massachusetts elections, Treasurer and Receiver-General\nIncumbent Treasurer and Receiver-General Foster Furcolo defeated Republican Roy C. Papalia, Socialist Labor candidate Henning A. Blomen, and Prohibition candidate Harold J. Ireland in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 60], "content_span": [61, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069718-0009-0000", "contents": "1952 Massachusetts elections, Auditor\nIncumbent Auditor Thomas J. Buckley defeated Republican David J. Mintz, Socialist Labor candidate Anthony Martin, and Prohibition candidate Robert A. Simmons in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069718-0010-0000", "contents": "1952 Massachusetts elections, United States Senate\nDemocrat John F. Kennedy was elected over Republican incumbent Henry Cabot Lodge Jr., Socialist Labor candidate Thelma Ingersoll, and Prohibition candidate Mark R. Shaw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 50], "content_span": [51, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069719-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Massachusetts gubernatorial election\nThe 1952 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1952. Republican Christian Herter defeated Democratic incumbent Paul A. Dever, Socialist Labor candidate Lawrence Gilfedder, Peace Progressive candidate Florence H. Luscomb, and Prohibition candidate Guy S. Williams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069719-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, Republican primary, Results\nChristian Herter ran unopposed for the Republican nomination for Governor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 70], "content_span": [71, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069720-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Masters Tournament\nThe 1952 Masters Tournament was the 16th Masters Tournament, held April 3\u20136 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069720-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Masters Tournament\nIn strong winds and cool temperatures on the final two days, Sam Snead held on to the lead and won the second of his three Masters titles, four strokes ahead of runner-up Jack Burke Jr. It was the sixth of Snead's seven major titles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069720-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Masters Tournament\nDefending champion Ben Hogan hosted the first Masters Club dinner (popularly known as the Champions dinner). He was the co-leader with Snead after three rounds at 214 (\u22122), but shot a 79 (+7) on  Sunday and finished seven strokes back.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069720-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Masters Tournament\nWith a Sunday gallery estimated at 18,000 patrons at five dollars each, the purse was doubled by the tournament committee to $20,000, with a winner's share of $4,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069720-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Masters Tournament, Field\nJimmy Demaret (7,10), Claude Harmon, Ben Hogan (2,6,7,9,10), Byron Nelson (2,6,9), Henry Picard (6,10), Gene Sarazen (2,4,6,9), Horton Smith, Sam Snead (4,6,7,9,10,12), Craig Wood (2)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069720-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Masters Tournament, Field\nBilly Burke, Lawson Little (3,5,9), Lloyd Mangrum (7,9,10), Fred McLeod, Cary Middlecoff (9,10), Lew Worsham (9,10)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069720-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 Masters Tournament, Field\nTed Bishop (a), Dick Chapman (5,8,9,a), Charles Coe (8,9,11,a), Billy Maxwell (11,a), Skee Riegel (9,10), Jess Sweetser (5,a), Sam Urzetta (8,a), Bud Ward", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069720-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 Masters Tournament, Field\nJim Ferrier (9), Vic Ghezzi, Bob Hamilton, Chandler Harper, Johnny Revolta (10)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069720-0008-0000", "contents": "1952 Masters Tournament, Field\nSkip Alexander, Jack Burke Jr. (9,12), Clayton Heafner (9,10), Ed Oliver (10)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069720-0009-0000", "contents": "1952 Masters Tournament, Field\nDow Finsterwald, Bill Goodloe (a), Bobby Knowles (a), Jim McHale Jr. (a), Al Mengert (a), Harvie Ward (a)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069720-0010-0000", "contents": "1952 Masters Tournament, Field\nAl Besselink (10), Julius Boros (10), Johnny Bulla (12), Dave Douglas (10), George Fazio, Ed Furgol, Joe Kirkwood Jr. (10), Bob Toski", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069720-0011-0000", "contents": "1952 Masters Tournament, Field\nCharlie Bassler (12), Al Brosch (12), Marty Furgol, Ray Gafford, Fred Hawkins, Chuck Kocsis (a), Johnny Palmer, Smiley Quick, Earl Stewart, Buck White", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069720-0012-0000", "contents": "1952 Masters Tournament, Field\nStan Leonard, Bobby Locke (4,10), Albert P\u00e9lissier, Norman Von Nida", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069721-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Mauritanian Territorial Assembly election\nTerritorial Assembly elections were held in Mauritania on 30 March 1952. The result was a victory for the Mauritanian Progressive Union, which won 22 of the 24 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069721-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Mauritanian Territorial Assembly election, Electoral system\nThe Territorial Assembly was elected by two colleges; the first college elected 8 members and the second 16.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 64], "content_span": [65, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069722-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Meath Intermediate Football Championship\nThe 1952 Meath Intermediate Football Championship is the 26th edition of the Meath GAA's premier club Gaelic football tournament for intermediate graded teams in County Meath, Ireland. The tournament consists of 8 teams. The championship applied a league format.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069722-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Meath Intermediate Football Championship\nAt the end of the season Syddan 'B' applied to be regraded to the 1953 J.F.C.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069722-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Meath Intermediate Football Championship\nSt. Peter's Dunboyne claimed their 1st Intermediate championship title after finishing top of the table. Their triumph was sealed by the defeat of St. Vincent's 1-7 to 1-6 at Pairc Tailteann on 9 November 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069722-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Meath Intermediate Football Championship, Team changes\nThe following teams have changed division since the 1951 championship season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 59], "content_span": [60, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069722-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Meath Intermediate Football Championship, League Table & Fixtures/Results\nThe club with the best record were declared I.F.C. champions. Many results were unavailable in the Meath Chronicle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 78], "content_span": [79, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069723-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Meath Senior Football Championship\nThe 1952 Meath Senior Football Championship is the 60th edition of the Meath GAA's premier club Gaelic football tournament for senior graded teams in County Meath, Ireland. The tournament consists of 12 teams. The championship employs a group stage followed by a final between the group winners.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069723-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Meath Senior Football Championship\nThe championship had two divisional sides known as North Meath and South Meath, each composed of top players from Intermediate and Junior club players in their district.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069723-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Meath Senior Football Championship\nThis season saw St. Patrick's debut in the top flight (a little over a year since the establishment of the club in late 1950) after claiming the 1951 Meath Intermediate Football Championship title. Kells Harps also made their debut in the grade after claiming the 1951 J.F.C. title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069723-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Meath Senior Football Championship\nSyddan were the defending champions after they defeated Skryne in the previous years final, and they successfully defended their title to claim by defeating the same opposition in the final at Pairc Tailteann by 0-7 to 0-4 on 4 January 1953. This was the club's 3rd S.F.C. title overall. The attendance at the match was approximately 11,500.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069723-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Meath Senior Football Championship\nAt the end of the season no club was regraded to the 1953 I.F.C.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069723-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Meath Senior Football Championship, Team Changes\nThe following teams have changed division since the 1951 championship season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069723-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 Meath Senior Football Championship, Group stage\nThere are 2 groups called Group A and B. The top finisher in each group will qualify for the Final. Many results were unavailable in the Meath Chronicle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 52], "content_span": [53, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069724-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Meistaradeildin\n1952 Meistaradeildin was the tenth season of Meistaradeildin, the top tier of the Faroese football league system. The championship was contested in a league format, with five teams playing against each other twice. K\u00cd Klaksv\u00edk won its third league title in the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069725-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Memorial Cup\nThe 1952 Memorial Cup final was the 34th junior ice hockey championship of the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association. The George Richardson Memorial Trophy champions Guelph Biltmore Mad Hatters of the Ontario Hockey Association in Eastern Canada competed against the Abbott Cup champion Regina Pats of the Western Canada Junior Hockey League in Western Canada. In a best-of-seven series, held at Maple Leaf Gardens in Toronto, Ontario, and the Guelph Memorial Gardens in Guelph, Ontario, Guelph won their 1st Memorial Cup, defeating Regina 4 games to 0.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 569]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069725-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Memorial Cup, Winning roster\nDoug Ashley, Andy Bathgate, Frank Bettiol, Marvin Brewer, Lou Fontinato, Ken Graham, Aldo Guidolin, Terry Hagan, Chuck Henderson, Harry Howell, Ken Laufman, Doug Lesser, Bill McCreary, Ron Murphy, Ron Pirie, Dean Prentice, Ray Ross, Ron Stewart, Ken Uniac, Ted Brady, Jim Connelly. Coach: Alf Pike", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 33], "content_span": [34, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069726-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Memphis State Tigers football team\nThe 1952 Memphis State Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Memphis State College (now known as the University of Memphis) as an independent during the 1952 college football season. In their sixth season under head coach Ralph Hatley, Memphis State compiled a 2\u20137 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069727-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Men's British Open Squash Championship\nThe 1952 Open Championship was held at the Lansdowne Club in London from 02-7 April. Hashim Khan won his second consecutive title defeating four times champion Mahmoud Karim in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069728-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Mercer Bears baseball team\nThe 1952 Mercer Bears baseball team represented the Mercer Bears  in the 1952 NCAA baseball season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069729-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Mestaruussarja\nThe 1952 season was the twenty-second completed season of Finnish Football League Championship, known as the Mestaruussarja.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069729-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Mestaruussarja, Overview\nThe Mestaruussarja was administered by the Finnish Football Association and the competition's 1952 season was contested by 10 teams. KTP Kotka won the championship and the two lowest placed teams of the competition, TPK Turku and TPS Turku, were relegated to the Suomensarja.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 29], "content_span": [30, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069730-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Mexican general election\nGeneral elections were held in Mexico on 7 July 1952. The presidential elections were won by Adolfo Ruiz Cortines, who received 74.3% of the vote. In the Chamber of Deputies election, the Institutional Revolutionary Party won 151 of the 161 seats. These were the last presidential elections in Mexico in which women were not allowed to vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069730-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Mexican general election, Campaign\nPresident Miguel Alem\u00e1n Vald\u00e9s appointed his Minister of the Interior, Adolfo Ruiz Cortines, as the PRI's presidential candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069730-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Mexican general election, Campaign\nMiguel Henr\u00edquez Guzm\u00e1n, a former pri\u00edsta who left the party in 1951, was nominated as the candidate of the Federation of the Mexican People's Parties. The National Action Party (PAN) nominated Efra\u00edn Gonz\u00e1lez Luna as their first-ever presidential candidate. Finally, the well-known union leader Vicente Lombardo Toledano ran as the Popular Socialist Party's candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069730-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Mexican general election, Campaign\nThe 1952 campaign season saw the model of political advertising aimed at praising the virtues of a party's candidate adopted. It was also the first time in Mexican history that market research was used in a political campaign.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069730-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Mexican general election, Campaign\nAmong the opposition candidates, Henr\u00edquez Guzm\u00e1n became particularly popular. His campaign used a mariachi tune composed for him by Manuel Ramos Trujillo to promote his candidacy. Though this use of campaign jingles was condemned by critics who saw it as taking away the seriousness of politics, the success of the song throughout many regions of the country led to widespread adoption of this and other marketing techniques in future campaigns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069730-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Mexican general election, Campaign\nThe alleged role of the family of former President L\u00e1zaro C\u00e1rdenas regarding this election has been widely commented: Amalia Sol\u00f3rzano and Cuauht\u00e9moc C\u00e1rdenas -respectively the wife and son of the former President- reportedly supported Henr\u00edquez Guzm\u00e1n's candidacy, while D\u00e1maso C\u00e1rdenas (brother of L\u00e1zaro and then-governor of Michoac\u00e1n) emphatically campaigned in favour of Ruiz Cortines; L\u00e1zaro himself was rumoured to be a simpatizer of Henr\u00edquez Guzm\u00e1n, although officially he supported Ruiz Cortines -albeit in a rather discreet manner-.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069730-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 Mexican general election, Campaign\nThe former governor of Baja California Sur, Francisco J. M\u00fagica (by then estranged from the PRI) made some statements during the campaign accusing Ruiz Cortines of having collaborated with the Americans during the 1914 US occupation of Veracruz. Ruiz Cortines denied the accusations and claimed that at the time he was in Mexico City in service of the Revolution under the command of Alfredo Robles Dom\u00ednguez and Heriberto Jara Corona. Later in the campaign, during a visit to Veracruz on 7 June, the Municipality of Xalapa honoured him with a parchment denying the accusations and naming him a \"Patriot and Illustrious Son of Veracruz\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 677]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069730-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 Mexican general election, Aftermath\nIn the official election count, Ruiz Cortines won with more than 74 percent of the popular vote, followed by Henr\u00edquez Guzm\u00e1n with 16 percent. These results set off a wave of protests in several states by Henr\u00edquez supporters, which were violently suppressed by the administration of Miguel Alem\u00e1n Vald\u00e9s. Among those calling for justice were the former Mexican ambassador to Honduras, Jos\u00e9 Mu\u00f1oz Cota Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez, and Alicia P\u00e9rez Salazar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 40], "content_span": [41, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069730-0008-0000", "contents": "1952 Mexican general election, Aftermath\nSome military chiefs, sympathizers of Henr\u00edquez Guzm\u00e1n and aligned with former president L\u00e1zaro C\u00e1rdenas, seized the opportunity and proposed to carry out a Coup d'\u00e9tat so that Henr\u00edquez would become president. However, it was Henr\u00edquez himself who rejected the plan, and instead he asked his supporters to stop the violent protests. Despite the intensity of the protests, the results stood, and as a result Henr\u00edquez Guzm\u00e1n then retired from public life.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 40], "content_span": [41, 496]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069730-0009-0000", "contents": "1952 Mexican general election, Aftermath\nMany years after the election, Ruiz Cortines revealed that only five weeks before he was scheduled to take office, he underwent a surgery to get rid of a hernia; to keep the surgery as a secret from the media, an operating room was temporally installed in Ruiz Cortines' Mexico City residence. After the successful surgery, Ruiz Cortines took office as scheduled on 1 December.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 40], "content_span": [41, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069731-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Miami Hurricanes football team\nThe 1952 Miami Hurricanes football team represented the University of Miami as an independent during the 1952 college football season. Led by fifth-year head coach Andy Gustafson, the Hurricanes played their home games at Burdine Stadium in Miami, Florida. Miami finished the season 4\u20137.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069732-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Miami Redskins football team\nThe 1952 Miami Redskins football team was an American football team that represented Miami University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1952 college football season. In its second season under head coach Ara Parseghian, Miami compiled an 8\u20131 record (4\u20131 against MAC opponents), finished in second place in the MAC, held five of nine opponents to seven points or less, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 284 to 108.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069732-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Miami Redskins football team\nJohn McVay was the team captain. The team's statistical leaders included Tom Pagna with 1,064 rushing yards, Jim Root with 1,056 passing yards, and Clive Rush with 298 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069733-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Michigan State Normal Hurons football team\nThe 1952 Michigan State Normal Hurons football team represented Michigan State Normal College (renamed Eastern Michigan College in 1956 and Eastern Michigan University in 1959) in the Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (IIAC) during the 1952 college football season. In their first season under head coach Fred Trosko, the Hurons compiled a 5\u20133\u20131 record (3\u20132\u20131 against IIAC opponents), finished in third place in the IIAC, and outscored their opponents, 154 to 146. The team was rated as the best team fielded by the school since 1945.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 595]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069733-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Michigan State Normal Hurons football team\nLineman Christopher J. Armelagos was the team captain. He was also voted as the team's most valuable player. The team's statistical leaders included Bob Middlekauff with 540 yards of total offense, Ed Skowneski with 328 rushing yards, and Dick Moseley with seven touchdowns and 42 points. Chris Armelagos received the team's most valuable player award.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069733-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Michigan State Normal Hurons football team\nTrosko was hired as the school's head coach in July 1952. In 1951, he had coached Owosso High School to an undefeated and was named Michigan's high school coach of the year by the Detroit Free Press. He had previously played at the halfback position for the University of Michigan football team from 1937 to 1939. Trosko remained as the head football coach at Michigan State Normal/Eastern Michigan for 13 years through the 1964 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069734-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Michigan State Spartans football team\nThe 1952 Michigan State Spartans football team represented Michigan State College in the 1952 college football season. The Spartans were led by head coach Clarence \"Biggie\" Munn and recorded a perfect 9\u20130. The team was selected national champion by AP, Boand, DeVold, Dunkel, Football Research, Helms, Litkenhous, NCF, Sagarin, UPI/coaches, and Williamson, marking the school's first Consensus National Championship. Five additional major selectors chose Georgia Tech as national champion. This was Michigan State's last year as an Independent, as MSU would join the Big Ten the following year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 637]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069735-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Michigan Wolverines football team\nThe 1952 Michigan Wolverines football team represented the University of Michigan in the 1952 Big Ten Conference football season. In its fifth year under head coach Bennie Oosterbaan, Michigan compiled a 5\u20134 record (4\u20132 against conference opponents), tied for fourth place in the Big Ten, and outscored opponents by a combined total of 207 to 134.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069735-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Michigan Wolverines football team\nDefensive end Merritt Green was the team captain, and quarterback Tony Branoff received the team's most valuable player award.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069735-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Michigan Wolverines football team\nLowell Perry was selected by the Newspaper Enterprise Association (NEA) as a first-team defensive back on the 1952 College Football All-America Team. Five Michigan players received All-Big Ten honors: linebacker Roger Zatkoff (AP-1, UP-1); guard Bob Timm (AP-1); center Dick O'Shaugnessy (UP-1); left halfback Ted Kress (UP-1); and defensive tackle Art Walker (AP-1).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069735-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Michigan Wolverines football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Ted Kress with 559 passing yards and 623 rushing yards and Lowell Perry with 492 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069735-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Michigan Wolverines football team, Statistical leaders\nMichigan's individual statistical leaders for the 1952 season include those listed below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 59], "content_span": [60, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069735-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Michigan Wolverines football team, Personnel, Letter winners\nThe following players received varsity letters for their participation on the 1953 team. Players who started at least four games are shown with their names in bold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 65], "content_span": [66, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069735-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 Michigan Wolverines football team, Awards and honors\nHonors and awards for the 1952 season went to the following individuals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 57], "content_span": [58, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069736-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Michigan gubernatorial election\nThe 1952 Michigan gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1952. Incumbent Democrat G. Mennen Williams defeated Republican nominee Frederick M. Alger Jr. with 49.96% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069737-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Milan\u2013San Remo\nThe 1952 Milan\u2013San Remo was the 43rd edition of the Milan\u2013San Remo cycle race and was held on 19 March 1952. The race started in Milan and finished in San Remo. The race was won by Loretto Petrucci.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069738-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team\nThe 1952 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team represented the University of Minnesota in the 1952 Big Ten Conference football season. In their second year under head coach Wes Fesler, the Golden Gophers compiled a 4\u20133\u20132 record and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 171 to 131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069738-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team\nHalfback Paul Giel was named an All-American by the Associated Press, FWAA and Look Magazine. Giel received Chicago Tribune Silver Football, awarded to the most valuable player of the Big Ten. Giel, running back Bob MacNamara and guard Percy Zachary were named All-Big Ten first team. Giel finished third in voting for the Heisman Trophy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069738-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team\nTotal attendance for the season was 270,292, which averaged to 54,058. The season high for attendance was against rival Iowa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069739-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Minnesota gubernatorial election\nThe 1952 Minnesota gubernatorial election took place on November 4, 1952. Republican Party of Minnesota candidate C. Elmer Anderson defeated Minnesota Democratic\u2013Farmer\u2013Labor Party challenger Orville Freeman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069740-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Minnesota lieutenant gubernatorial election\nThe 1952 Minnesota lieutenant gubernatorial election took place on November 5, 1952. Republican Party of Minnesota candidate Ancher Nelsen defeated Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party challenger Arthur Hansen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069741-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Mississippi Southern Southerners football team\nThe 1952 Mississippi Southern Southerners football team represented Mississippi Southern College (now known as the University of Southern Mississippi) in the 1952 college football season. The team played in the Sun Bowl against the Pacific Tigers. The Southerners compiled a 10\u20132 record, and outscored their opponents by a total of 409 to 189.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069742-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Mississippi State Maroons football team\nThe 1952 Mississippi State Maroons football team represented Mississippi State College during the 1952 college football season. It was the first season as head coach for Murray Warmath, and also for quarterback Jackie Parker, who transferred to Mississippi State from Jones County Junior College. Parker rushed for 16 touchdowns in 1952, a school record that stood until Vick Ballard broke it in 2010. Parker would win his first of two SEC \"Player of the Year\" honors by the Nashville Banner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069743-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Missouri Tigers baseball team\nThe 1952 Missouri Tigers baseball team represented the University of Missouri in the 1952 NCAA baseball season. The Tigers played their home games at Rollins Field. The team was coached by Hi Simmons in his 14th season at Missouri.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069743-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Missouri Tigers baseball team\nLed by All-Americans Don Boenker and Junior Wren, the Tigers advanced to the 1952 College World Series, losing to Holy Cross in the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069744-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Missouri Tigers football team\nThe 1952 Missouri Tigers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Missouri in the Big Seven Conference (Big 7) during the 1952 college football season. The team compiled a 5\u20135 record (5\u20131 against Big 7 opponents), finished in second place in the Big 7, and was outscored by all opponents by a combined total of 159 to 147. Don Faurot was the head coach for the 15th of 19 seasons. The team played its home games at Memorial Stadium in Columbia, Missouri.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069744-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Missouri Tigers football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Jim Hook with 741 rushing yards and 1,151 yards of total offense, Tony Scardino with 781 passing yards, Jim Jennings with 219 receiving yards, and Bill Rowekamp with 42 points scored.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069745-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Missouri gubernatorial election\nThe 1952 Missouri gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1952 and resulted in a victory for the Democratic nominee, former Governor Phil M. Donnelly, over the Republican candidate, former Speaker of the Missouri House of Representatives Howard Elliott, and candidates representing the Progressive, Socialist and Socialist Labor parties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069746-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election\nThe 1952 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1952. Democratic incumbent James T. Blair Jr. defeated Republican nominee Henry Arthur with 53.16% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069747-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Monaco Grand Prix\nThe 1952 Monaco Grand Prix was a non-championship sports car race held on June 2, 1952, at Monaco.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069747-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Monaco Grand Prix\nFor the second time in two races, the Grand Prix suffered a multi-car pileup. In addition, it was marred by Luigi Fagioli's accident in practice, which ultimately proved fatal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069748-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Montana Grizzlies football team\nThe 1952 Montana Grizzlies football team represented the University of Montana in the 1952 college football season as a member of the Skyline Conference. The Grizzlies were led by first-year head coach Ed Chinske, played their home games at Dornblaser Field and finished the season with a record of two wins, seven losses and one tie (2\u20137\u20131, 1\u20135 Skyline).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069749-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Montana State Bobcats football team\nThe 1952 Montana State Bobcats football team was an American football team that represented Montana State University in the Rocky Mountain Conference (RMC) during the 1952 college football season. In its first season under head coach Tony Storti, the team compiled a 2\u20135 record (1\u20134 against conference opponents) and finished fifth out of six teams in the RMC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069750-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Montana gubernatorial election\nThe 1952 Montana gubernatorial election took place on November 4, 1952. Incumbent Governor of Montana John W. Bonner, who was first elected governor in 1948, ran for re-election. He was unopposed in the Democratic primary and moved on to the general election, where he was opposed by J. Hugo Aronson, a State Senator and the Republican nominee. A close election ensued, with Aronson narrowly defeating Bonner to win the first of his two terms as governor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069751-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Montenegrin Republic League\nThe 1952 Montenegrin Republic League was seventh season of Montenegrin Republic League. Season began in March 1952 and ended in June same year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069751-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Montenegrin Republic League, Season\nAt the end of 1951, Football Association of Yugoslavia disbanded Yugoslav Second League. So, Montenegrin teams from higher level (Budu\u0107nost and Bokelj) were moved to Montenegrin Republic League. On season 1952, Republic League was second-tier competition in Yugoslav Second League, which meant that the winner of competition will play qualifiers for Yugoslav First League. Except Budu\u0107nost and Bokelj, members of 1952 Montenegrin Republic League were Sutjeska, Lov\u0107en, Iskra, Bratstvo Bijelo Polje, Radni\u010dki Ivangrad and Arsenal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 40], "content_span": [41, 570]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069751-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Montenegrin Republic League, Season, Qualifiers\nWhile seven members placed directly, Arsenal gained participation in 1952 season through qualifiers. Below are the results of qualifying rounds. Round one: Mladost - Breznik 0-0, 0-4; Jedinstvo - Arsenal 0-0, 0-2. Semifinals: Arsenal - Mornar 5-0, 3-3; Breznik - Gor\u0161tak 2-0, 7-1. Qualifier finals: Breznik - Arsenal 1-0, 0-2.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 52], "content_span": [53, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069751-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Montenegrin Republic League, Season, First phase\nFor the first time in history, Montenegrin Republic League was divided into two regional groups during the First phase of competition. In Northern group participated Budu\u0107nost, Bratstvo, Iskra and Radni\u010dki, while in Southern group played Sutjeska, Lov\u0107en, Arsenal and Bokelj.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 53], "content_span": [54, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069751-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Montenegrin Republic League, Season, First phase, Norhern group\nAs a former member of Yugoslav First League, Budu\u0107nost dominated in Northern group competition. During the third week, guest players attacked the referee on game Iskra - Radni\u010dki in Danilovgrad. That was the reason why Radni\u010dki was disqualified from the rest of competition. Budu\u0107nost finished group with five wins and one defeat. Most goals (9) was seen on the game Budu\u0107nost - Bratstvo (9-0).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 68], "content_span": [69, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069751-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Montenegrin Republic League, Season, First phase, Southern group\nUntil the last week, three teams had chances to win the first place in Southern group. At the end, the winner was Sutjeska, with one point more than Lov\u0107en and Bokelj. Sutjeska finished group with four wins and two defeats. Most goals (7) was seen on the game Lov\u0107en - Arsenal (7-0).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 69], "content_span": [70, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069751-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 Montenegrin Republic League, Season, Championship finals\nFinalists of 1952 Montenegrin Republic League were Budu\u0107nost and Sutjeska. Two Montenegrin Derby games decided about the title and about the team which participated in the qualifiers for 1953 Yugoslav First League. Budu\u0107nost made significant result in the first final game (3-0) in Titograd. Second match finished with another win of Budu\u0107nost (2-1).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 61], "content_span": [62, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069751-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 Montenegrin Republic League, Season, Championship finals\nAs a winner of Montenegrin Republic League, Budu\u0107nost participated in qualifiers for Yugoslav First League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 61], "content_span": [62, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069751-0008-0000", "contents": "1952 Montenegrin Republic League, Season, Qualifiers for Yugoslav First League\nIn the qualifiers, Budu\u0107nost played against champions of Republic Leagues of SR Serbia (Spartak Subotica and SR Macedonia (Pobeda Prilep. After four games, Budu\u0107nost and Spartak have equal points at the top of the table, but the team from Subotica had better goal difference. So, Budu\u0107nost failed to make a comeback to Yugoslav First League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 78], "content_span": [79, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069752-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Montserratian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Montserrat on 20 February 1952. They were the first elections in Montserrat held under universal suffrage, which had been introduced the previous year. The result was a victory for the Montserrat Labour Party, which won all five seats in the Legislative Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069752-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Montserratian general election, Campaign\nA total of 11 candidates contested the elections, with the MLP running a full slate of candidates and the Merchant Planters putting forward four. As a result, Michael Walkinshaw was elected unopposed in the Central constituency.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069753-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Moses Lake C-124 crash\nThe 1952 Moses Lake C-124 crash was an accident in which a United States Air Force Douglas C-124 Globemaster II military transport aircraft crashed near Moses Lake, Washington on December 20, 1952. Of the 115 people on board, 87 died and 28 survived. The crash was the world's deadliest aviation disaster involving a single aircraft at the time, surpassing the Llandow air disaster, which killed 80 people. The death toll would not be surpassed until the Tachikawa air disaster, which also involved a Douglas C-124A-DL Globemaster II, killed 129 people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069753-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Moses Lake C-124 crash, Accident\nThe flight was part of \"Operation: Sleigh Ride\", a USAF airlift program to bring U.S. servicemen fighting in the Korean War home for Christmas. At around 18:30 PST, the C-124 lifted off from Larson Air Force Base near Moses Lake, Washington en route to Kelly Air Force Base, San Antonio, Texas. Just seconds after taking off, the left wing struck the ground and the aircraft cartwheeled, broke up, and exploded, killing 82 of the 105 passengers and 5 of the 10 crew members. Investigation into the accident revealed that the aircraft's elevator and rudder gust locks had not been disengaged prior to departure.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 648]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069753-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Moses Lake C-124 crash, Accident\nAt the time it occurred, the Moses Lake crash was the deadliest accident in U.S. territory until a United Airlines DC-7 and a TWA L-1049 Super Constellation collided over the Grand Canyon in 1956, killing 128. The crash also remains the deadliest aviation accident to occur in Washington state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069754-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Motocross European Championship\nThe 1952 Motocross European Championship was the 1st edition of the Motocross European Championship organized by the FIM and reserved for 500cc motorcycles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069754-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Motocross European Championship\nSince 1957 this championship has then become the current Motocross World Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069754-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Motocross European Championship\nIt should not be confused with the European Motocross Championship, now organized by the FIM Europe, whose first edition was held in 1988.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069754-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Motocross European Championship, Final standings\nFrom June to September 6 grand prix were held which awarded points to the first six classified, respectively: 8, 6, 4, 3, 2, 1. The score in the final classification of each rider was calculated on the best four results.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 53], "content_span": [54, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069755-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Mount Gannett C-124 crash\nThe 1952 Mount Gannett C-124 crash was an accident in which a Douglas C-124 Globemaster II military transport aircraft of the United States Air Force crashed into Mount Gannett, a peak in the Chugach Mountains in the American state of Alaska, on November 22, 1952. All of the 52 people on board were killed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069755-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Mount Gannett C-124 crash, Accident\nThe C-124 departed McChord Air Base in Washington state en route to Elmendorf Air Force Base near Anchorage, Alaska, with a crew of 11 and 41 Army and Air Force passengers. The flight was recorded as passing Middleton Island in the Gulf of Alaska. Around 4pm, a distress call was received by the pilot of a Northwest Orient Airlines passenger aircraft. The reception was very poor, but the Northwest captain made out the sentence: \"As long as we have to land, we might as well land here.\" Weather near Elmendorf at the time was very bad with heavy clouds. The C-124 was flying without visual references, using just altitude, a radio beacon and a stopwatch. There was no further communication from the C-124 and it failed to arrive at Elmendorf as scheduled.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 798]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069755-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Mount Gannett C-124 crash, Accident\nThe severe weather continued for three days, so searching was only able to begin on November 25. Thirty-two military aircraft searched the surrounding mountains and four Coast Guard vessels searched Prince William Sound. The wreckage of the aircraft was found on November 28, 1952, on the south side of Mount Gannett by Terris Moore from the Fairbanks Civil Air Patrol and Lieutenant Thomas Sullivan from the 10th Air Rescue Squadron. The pair spotted the tail section of the C-124 sticking out of the snow at an elevation of about 8,100 feet (2,500\u00a0m), close to the summit of Mount Gannett.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 632]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069755-0002-0001", "contents": "1952 Mount Gannett C-124 crash, Accident\nSullivan and Moore recorded the location as being on the Surprise Glacier, which flows south and empties into Harriman Fjord. However, the 2012 rediscovery of the remains of the aircraft at the foot of Colony Glacier, where it enters Lake George, suggests that the actual crash location was a little further north on the Mount Gannett ice field, sufficient for the debris to be carried 12 miles (19\u00a0km) down the north-flowing Colony Glacier over the subsequent 60 years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069755-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Mount Gannett C-124 crash, Accident\nMoore, who was a mountaineer and pilot as well as president of the University of Alaska, told journalists the C-124 \"obviously was flying at full speed\" and appeared to have slid down the cliffs of Mount Gannett and exploded. Wreckage was spread across several acres of the glacier. Moore surmised that the pilot had narrowly missed other Chugach Range peaks during his approach. \"From this I conclude he was on instrument, flying blind, and probably crashed without any warning whatsoever to him directly into the southerly face of Mt. Gannett.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069755-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Mount Gannett C-124 crash, Accident\nMoore reported finding blood on a blanket and noted the \"sickly-sweet smell of death\" at the site. It seemed clear that there were no survivors. Sullivan noted that recovery of remains would be very difficult as the glacier was already covered by fresh snow eight feet deep. Near the remains of the aircraft, drifted snow was piled up to hundreds of feet. Apparently, the crash had also triggered avalanches that had further buried the remains. Because of the difficult conditions, the recovery effort was terminated after a week and the victims' families were told they would have no remains to bury. The debris was then covered by snow and ice, and was lost for the next 60 years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 723]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069755-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Mount Gannett C-124 crash, Accident\nAt the time, this was only the second fatal accident for the C-124, and was by far the worst. However, the following year saw even more deadly crashes at Moses Lake, Washington, and Tachikawa, Japan, Overall, this was the fourth-worst accident involving a Douglas C-124.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069755-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 Mount Gannett C-124 crash, Discovery of remains\nOn June 9, 2012, the crew of an Alaska Army National Guard helicopter on a training mission noticed a large yellow survival raft on the surface of the Colony Glacier above Inner Lake George. The site was nearly 14 miles from the 1952 crash location. The National Guard sent a team on foot to examine the site and they retrieved items that were identified as being from the crashed C-124. On June 13, 2012, Deputy Chief Rick Stone, J-2 Intelligence Directorate at the Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command, was assigned to investigate the wreckage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 52], "content_span": [53, 595]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069755-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 Mount Gannett C-124 crash, Discovery of remains\nOn June 28, 2012, the US military announced the discovery of the wreckage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 52], "content_span": [53, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069755-0008-0000", "contents": "1952 Mount Gannett C-124 crash, Discovery of remains\nThe recovery operation was then taken over by the Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command, whose primary role is to search for US military personnel missing overseas. On June 18, 2014, after two seasons of operations on the glacier, the Department of Defense announced that the remains of 17 of the victims had been identified and would be returned to their families for burial. By 2019, the Department of Defense had increased the number of sets of remains identified to 40.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 52], "content_span": [53, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069756-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Moyen-Congo Territorial Assembly election\nTerritorial Assembly elections were held in Moyen-Congo in 1952. The Congolese Progressive Party emerged as the largest faction, winning 16 seats in the second college.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069756-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Moyen-Congo Territorial Assembly election, Electoral system\nThe 37 members of the Territorial Assembly were elected in two colleges; the first college elected 13 members and the second elected 24.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 64], "content_span": [65, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069757-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Mulkhi Agitation (Telangana)\n1952 Mulkhi Agitation or Mulkhi Agitation was a political movement for the safeguarding of jobs in Hyderabad State government for native residents, or Mulkis. It was the first event in Telangana movement.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069757-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Mulkhi Agitation (Telangana), History\nThe 1952 Mulki agitation which started with the teachers transfer in Warangal, spread to Hyderabad where it intensified and finally resulted in the most important event of the agitation \u2013 the City College Incident.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069757-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Mulkhi Agitation (Telangana), History\nAfter the Annexation of Hyderabad State into the Indian Union, the administration was under Military Governor, J. N. Chaudhuri. There was a large scale recruitment in the Hyderabad State Government, but the non-local new recruits occupied positions meant for the locals under the Mulki rules provided by the erstwhile ruler, the Nizam of Hyderabad. There was widespread discontentment among the locals which led to the agitation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069757-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Mulkhi Agitation (Telangana), The Agitation and its Consequences\nIn 1952, students led an agitation against non Mulkis or non locals (mulki meaning locals). The popular slogans were Ghair Mulki go back or Non-Mulki go back.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 69], "content_span": [70, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069757-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Mulkhi Agitation (Telangana), The Agitation and its Consequences\nThe details of the agitation in Hyderabad and its consequences are given below:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 69], "content_span": [70, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069757-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Mulkhi Agitation (Telangana), The Agitation and its Consequences\nOn 29 August 1952, in protest of the lathi charge in Hanamkonda High School, students in Hyderabad organised a rally from Saifabad college. The number of rallies and protests in Hyderabad increased over the next 2 to 3 days.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 69], "content_span": [70, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069757-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 Mulkhi Agitation (Telangana), The Agitation and its Consequences\nOn 1 September 1952, the then Police commissioner of Hyderabad, Shiva Kumar Lal of Hyderabad Civil Services requested the parents and teachers to stop the students from getting involved in any violence through a public announcement. He also issued a warning that any violence would be dealt with serious police action.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 69], "content_span": [70, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069757-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 Mulkhi Agitation (Telangana), The Agitation and its Consequences\nOn 2 September 1952, massive rallies were organised across the state in which the students raised the following slogans:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 69], "content_span": [70, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069757-0008-0000", "contents": "1952 Mulkhi Agitation (Telangana), The Agitation and its Consequences\nOn 3 September 1952, the Police Commissioner issued orders prohibiting rallies, meetings and so on.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 69], "content_span": [70, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069757-0009-0000", "contents": "1952 Mulkhi Agitation (Telangana), The Agitation and its Consequences\nAbout the college: The Nizam Mahbub Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VI of Hyderabad established the first city school in the name \"Madarsa Dar-ul-uloom\" as early as 1865, later Nizam Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII, converted it into a City High School. The school moved into the present grand building in 1921. Intermediate sections (F.A) of Osmania University with 30 students were introduced in 1921 under the supervision of the high school with Urdu as the medium of instruction. In 1929, the school was upgraded to a college and was named as \"City College\". It became a constituent college of Osmania University.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 69], "content_span": [70, 671]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069757-0010-0000", "contents": "1952 Mulkhi Agitation (Telangana), The Agitation and its Consequences\nStudents initially gathered to protest against the Warangal incident and later took out\u00a0 a rally which was joined by many commoners. Many politicians including Venkata Swamy, Mulchand Laxminaraya and Konda Laxman Bapuji tried to dissuade the students from taking out a rally but the students were resolvent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 69], "content_span": [70, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069757-0011-0000", "contents": "1952 Mulkhi Agitation (Telangana), The Agitation and its Consequences\nGradually, the rally became uncontrollable, there was exchange of stones and the police lathi charged the agitators. This resulted in firing in which two people were killed on the spot and two others died later in the hospital. It also resulted in injuries to many police personal and general public.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 69], "content_span": [70, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069757-0012-0000", "contents": "1952 Mulkhi Agitation (Telangana), The Agitation and its Consequences\nAfter the incident, on 4 September 1952, students agitated near the Osmania General Hospital for the bodies. Padmaja Naidu, Jayasurya Naidu and Dr. Vaghdev tried to control the agitation of the students. However delay in handing over the bodies resulted in massive agitations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 69], "content_span": [70, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069757-0013-0000", "contents": "1952 Mulkhi Agitation (Telangana), The Agitation and its Consequences\nWhile the student were protesting for the bodies, the police secretly buried the bodies near the Mir Alam Tank. On knowing this the CM immediately ordered excavation of these bodies and handing them over to their families.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 69], "content_span": [70, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069757-0014-0000", "contents": "1952 Mulkhi Agitation (Telangana), The Agitation and its Consequences\nThe entire situation resulted in many protests. Most important of which was the CM's official car was burnt by the agitators. All these incidents led to police firing in which four more people were killed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 69], "content_span": [70, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069757-0015-0000", "contents": "1952 Mulkhi Agitation (Telangana), The Agitation and its Consequences\n1. A Cabinet sub-committee was formally announced on 7 September 1952. Members were K.V. Ranga Reddy, Dr. Melkote Phulchand Gandhi and Nawaz Jung Bahadur. Purpose of the committee: To study the Mulki rules and suggest changes and means of effective implementation of the Mulki rules in consultation with the students and other stakeholders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 69], "content_span": [70, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069757-0016-0000", "contents": "1952 Mulkhi Agitation (Telangana), The Agitation and its Consequences\n2. Justice Pingali Jagan Mohan Reddy committee was appointed to investigate into police firing on 3 and 4 September.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 69], "content_span": [70, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069757-0017-0000", "contents": "1952 Mulkhi Agitation (Telangana), The Agitation and its Consequences\n10th Sept 1952 \u2013 Govt issued a formal letter mentioning the criteria for investigation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 69], "content_span": [70, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069757-0018-0000", "contents": "1952 Mulkhi Agitation (Telangana), The Agitation and its Consequences\n(ii)\u00a0 If needed an investigation into the cause of the agitation by the students.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 69], "content_span": [70, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069757-0019-0000", "contents": "1952 Mulkhi Agitation (Telangana), The Agitation and its Consequences\n28 December 1952 \u00a0\u2013 Date of submission of the report", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 69], "content_span": [70, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069757-0020-0000", "contents": "1952 Mulkhi Agitation (Telangana), The Agitation and its Consequences\nThe Committee concluded that the City College Incident could have been avoided if both the police and students exercised some restraint.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 69], "content_span": [70, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069757-0021-0000", "contents": "1952 Mulkhi Agitation (Telangana), The Agitation and its Consequences\nIt however, did not hold the police guilty of the action as it felt that the situation demanded stern action by the police.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 69], "content_span": [70, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069757-0022-0000", "contents": "1952 Mulkhi Agitation (Telangana), The Agitation and its Consequences\nThe appointment of the above two committees marked the end of the 1952 agitation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 69], "content_span": [70, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069757-0023-0000", "contents": "1952 Mulkhi Agitation (Telangana), The Agitation and its Consequences\nThough the agitation did not bring about any major changes in the Mulki rules, it clearly communicated the rejection of the idea of Vishalaandhra by the people of Telangana and their mistrust in the people of Andhra.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 69], "content_span": [70, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069758-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Mysore Legislative Assembly election\nElections to the Legislative Assembly of the Indian state of Mysore were held on 26 March 1952. 394 candidates contested for 99 seats in 80 constituencies in the Assembly. There were 19 two-member constituencies and 61 single-member constituencies, accounting for 99 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069758-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Mysore Legislative Assembly election, State reorganization\nOn 1 November 1956, Mysore state was enlarged by the addition of Coorg State, the Kollegal taluk of the Coimbatore district and the South Kanara district (except the Kasaragod taluk) of Madras State,  the districts of Raichur and Gulbarga from western Hyderabad State and the Kannada speaking districts of Dharwar, Bijapur, North Kanara, and Belgaum, (except the Chandgad taluk of Belgaum district) from southern Bombay State under States Reorganisation Act, 1956. The Siruguppa taluk, the Bellary taluk, the Hospet taluk, and a small area of the Mallapuram sub-taluk were detached from the Mysore State. This resulted in an increase in assembly constituencies from 80 with 99 seats to 179 with 208 seats in 1957 assembly elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 63], "content_span": [64, 796]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069759-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 NAIA Men's Basketball Tournament\nThe 1952 NAIA Men's Basketball Tournament was held in March at Municipal Auditorium in Kansas City, Missouri. The 15th annual NAIA basketball tournament featured 32 teams playing in a single-elimination format. In 1952, the National Association of Intercollegiate Basketball (NAIB) changes its name to the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA)The championship game featured Southwest Missouri State University, now Missouri State University, who defeated Murray State University by a score of 73 to 64.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069759-0000-0001", "contents": "1952 NAIA Men's Basketball Tournament\nFinishing out the NAIA Final Four, and playing for the 3rd place game were Southwest Texas State, now Texas State University\u2013San Marcos, and the University of Portland. The Bears of Southwest Missouri State defeated the Pilots of Portland by a score of 78 to 68. A notorious game happened in the first round between Moringside College (Iowa) and Pepperdine University (Calif.). There was a tournament record of 40 personal fouls between the two teams in one game. Incidentally,  Morningside would win the game 84 to 80.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069759-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 NAIA Men's Basketball Tournament, Awards and honors\nMany of the records set by the 1952 tournament have been broken, and many of the awards were established much later:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 56], "content_span": [57, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069759-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 NAIA Men's Basketball Tournament, 1952 NAIA bracket, 3rd place game\nThe third place game featured the losing teams from the national semifinalist to determine 3rd and 4th places in the tournament. This game was played until 1988.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 72], "content_span": [73, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069760-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 NASCAR Grand National Series\nThe 1952 NASCAR Grand National Series was the fourth season of the premier stock car racing championship sanctioned by NASCAR. Once the season was concluded, driver Tim Flock was crowned the Grand National champion after winning 8 of the 33 events that he competed in. This was the first year that NASCAR scheduled its events to avoid the conflicts of having two races, at two different tracks, on the same day. The only exception was on June 1, when races were held at both Toledo Speedway in Ohio, and Hayloft Speedway in Augusta, Georgia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 575]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069760-0000-0001", "contents": "1952 NASCAR Grand National Series\nHerb Thomas finished second to Flock after competing in 32 races, and Lee Petty finished third in the standings that year. Throughout the 1952 season, a total of 261 drivers entered at least one of the 34 events. Virtually every American car manufacturer had at least one of their cars start that season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069760-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 NASCAR Grand National Series\nThis was also the first season that sponsors such as Pure Oil Co (which later became Union 76, and eventually Unocal), and Champion Spark Plug Inc. started paying contingency award monies in exchange for the publicity they received by drivers sponsoring their products.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069760-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 NASCAR Grand National Series, 1952 season recap\nThe 1952 NASCAR Grand National season was dominated by Hudson automobiles, winning 27 of the scheduled 34 races. No other make won more than three times. The reason the Hudson Hornet was so successful, winning over 80 NASCAR races between 1951 and 1955, has been attributed to its low center of gravity, \"mono-built\" body and center point steering system. The center point steering system contributed to the car's superior handling and cornering abilities; allowing the vehicle to excel on the dirt-covered race tracks of the day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 52], "content_span": [53, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069760-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 NASCAR Grand National Series, 1952 season recap\nPalm Beach Speedway in West Palm Beach, Florida, was a half-mile, dirt track that saw its first NASCAR event when it opened the 1952 NASCAR season on January 20, 1952. The 100-mile event was slowed by two caution flags, and was won by driver Tim Flock. Six-thousand fans were on hand to see Flock capture his first of eight victories in the 1952 season. Flock started on the pole, and drove his No. 91 1951 Hudson, sponsored by Ted Chester, to victory. He claimed his $1,025 winnings with only five drivers still running at the end of the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 52], "content_span": [53, 597]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069760-0003-0001", "contents": "1952 NASCAR Grand National Series, 1952 season recap\nFlock captured the pole position for the race in 27.78 seconds, with an average speed of 64.79\u00a0mph. The second event of the 1952 season took place on the famed 4.1 mile road course of Daytona Beach Speedway, and driver Marshall Teague took the victory in a 1952 Hudson. Herb Thomas led the first lap of the event, but Teague managed to lead laps 2 to 37. Twenty-thousand spectators witnessed 61 drivers start the event; but at the end of the race, only 10 cars were still running.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 52], "content_span": [53, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069760-0003-0002", "contents": "1952 NASCAR Grand National Series, 1952 season recap\nThe race was eventually halted on lap 37 due to the incoming tide which encroached on the beachfront straight of the track. The third event of the season took place at the half-mile dirt track of Speedway Park in Jacksonville, Florida. Marshall Teague won his second race in a row in the 200 lap, 100 mile contest, defeating the other 28 drivers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 52], "content_span": [53, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069760-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 NASCAR Grand National Series, 1952 season recap\nOn June 29, NASCAR traveled to Detroit, Michigan, for a scheduled 250-mile event, dubbed the \"Motor Sports 250\". The race was held at the Michigan State Fairgrounds Speedway; a one-mile dirt oval built in 1899. NASCAR offered its first five-figured purse, of $11,675, to the contestants, and driver Tim Flock came away with the winner's share of $5,050. Fans watched as Flock led laps 88\u00a0\u2013 110, until driver Buddy Shuman took the lead for one lap on the 111th circuit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 52], "content_span": [53, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069760-0004-0001", "contents": "1952 NASCAR Grand National Series, 1952 season recap\nFlock, with the fourth and final lead change, on the next lap, went on to lead the remaining laps of the event. Shuman finished the event in second place, capturing a total of $2,225. The event concluded after four hours, with over half of the 47 contestants still running at the drop of the checkered flag.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 52], "content_span": [53, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069760-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 NASCAR Grand National Series, 1952 season recap\nFor the 25th race of the season, fans and drivers assembled at the Darlington Raceway on September 1. The purse for the 400-lap, 500-mile event was $23,855; after six lead changes, and seven caution flags, Fonty Flock took home the winner's trophy with an average speed of 74.5\u00a0mph. Over 32,000 fans watched as Flock's victory in his number 14, 1952 Oldsmobile, netted him a $9,430 check for over 6.5 hours of driving. Flock started on the pole, and led the first 17 laps before the first lead change between four drivers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 52], "content_span": [53, 575]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069760-0005-0001", "contents": "1952 NASCAR Grand National Series, 1952 season recap\nFlock recaptured the lead for the final time on lap 185. Eventual season champion Tim Flock and his No. 91 Hudson were involved in an accident on lap 321, but Flock stepped in and replaced driver Jack Smith in the No. 9. While Flock drove the No. 9 Hudson to an 11th-place finish, he was credited with finishing 34th of the 66 starters, and Smith was awarded the 11th place points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 52], "content_span": [53, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069760-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 NASCAR Grand National Series, 1952 season recap\nPalm Beach Speedway both opened and closed the 1952 NASCAR season when it held the 34th and final event on October 30, 1952. Herb Thomas won three of the final four races in the season to finish second in the final standings. Thomas claimed the final victory of the season, winning the event with a two lap advantage over second-place Fonty Flock.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 52], "content_span": [53, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069760-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 NASCAR Grand National Series, 1952 Race schedule and results, Individual races, Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada; Stamford Park\nSeventeen cars competed in the event, only three were running at the end.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 130], "content_span": [131, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069760-0008-0000", "contents": "1952 NASCAR Grand National Series, 1952 Grand National final standings\nOther notable drivers with at least one start include: Speedy Thompson, Curtis Turner, Louise Smith, Frank Mundy, Hershel McGriff, Marshall Teague, Nelson Stacy, Bill Rexford, Bob Welborn, Gober Sosebee, Bill Snowden, Fireball Roberts, George Bush, champ car racer Al Keller, Bob Flock, Cotton Owens, Joe Weatherly, crew chief Smokey Yunick, and Dutch Hoag.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 70], "content_span": [71, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069761-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 NASCAR Speedway Division\nThe 1952 NASCAR Speedway Division consisted of seven races, beginning in Darlington, South Carolina on May 10 and concluding in Langhorne, Pennsylvania on June 29. There was also one non-championship event in Daytona Beach, Florida. The season champion was Buck Baker. This was the first season of the NASCAR Speedway Division. Every driver was an American racecar driver and every race was in the USA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069762-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 NBA All-Star Game\nThe 1952 NBA All-Star Game was an exhibition basketball game played on February 11, 1952, at Boston Garden in Boston, Massachusetts, home of the Boston Celtics. The game was the second edition of the National Basketball Association (NBA) All-Star Game and was played during the 1951\u201352 NBA season. The Eastern All-Stars team defeated the Western All-Stars team 108\u201391. This was the East's second successive win over the West. Philadelphia Warriors' Paul Arizin, who led the East with 26 points, was named as the All-Star Game Most Valuable Player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 570]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069762-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 NBA All-Star Game, Roster\nThe players for the All-Star Game were chosen by sports writers in several cities. They were not allowed to select players from their own cities. Players were selected without regard to position. Ten players from each Division were selected to represent the Eastern and Western Division in the All-Star Game. However, Dolph Schayes and Larry Foust suffered injuries and were unable to participate in the game; two other players were added to the roster. Nine players from the previous year's Eastern All-Stars roster returned for their second straight selection. Only seven players from the previous year's Western All-Stars roster returned.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 672]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069762-0001-0001", "contents": "1952 NBA All-Star Game, Roster\nSix players, Leo Barnhorst, Arnie Risen, Fred Scolari, Paul Walther, Bobby Wanzer and Max Zaslofsky, were selected for the first time. Four teams, the Minneapolis Lakers, the New York Knickerbockers, the Philadelphia Warriors and the Rochester Royals, were represented by three players each on the roster. The starters were chosen by each team's head coach. Minneapolis Lakers head coach John Kundla returned to coach the Western All-Stars for the second straight year. Syracuse Nationals head coach Al Cervi was named as the Eastern All-Stars head coach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 586]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069762-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 NBA All-Star Game, Game\nThe East defeated the West for the second successive year. The West trailed by four and five points at the end of the first and second quarter respectively. Then the East outscored the West by six points in the third and fourth quarter to win the game by 17 points. Philadelphia Warriors' Paul Arizin and Minneapolis Lakers' George Mikan both scored a game-high 26 points. Mikan also added a game-high 15 rebounds but his team only had a 35.9 field goal percentage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 28], "content_span": [29, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069762-0002-0001", "contents": "1952 NBA All-Star Game, Game\nOn the other hand, six Eastern players scored in double figures as their team made 49.4 percent of its shots. Boston Celtics guard Bob Cousy also recorded a game-high 13 assists for the East. Arizin was named as the All-Star Game Most Valuable Player. However, he was honored a year later during the 1953 All-Star Game, when the league decided to designate an MVP for each year's game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 28], "content_span": [29, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069763-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 NBA Finals\nThe 1952 NBA World Championship Series was the championship round of the 1952 NBA Playoffs, which concluded the National Basketball Association (NBA)'s 1951\u201352 season. The Western Division champion Minneapolis Lakers faced the Eastern Division champion New York Knicks in a best-of-seven series with Minneapolis having home-court advantage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069763-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 NBA Finals\nMinneapolis won game one and the teams thereafter alternated victories, Minneapolis winning the decisive game by a 17-point margin at home on Friday, April 25.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069763-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 NBA Finals\nAll but Game 7 were played in the teams' secondary arenas: the Lakers played at the Saint Paul Auditorium, while the Barnum circus bumped the Knicks from Madison Square Garden to the 69th Regiment Armory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069763-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 NBA Finals\nThe seven games were played in fourteen days, beginning Saturday and Sunday, April 12 and 13, in Minneapolis/St. Paul and returning to Minneapolis/St. Paul for games five and seven on the following Saturday and Friday. Meanwhile, three Wednesday or Friday games were played in New York City. The entire postseason tournament spanned 39 days in which Minneapolis played 13 games and New York 14.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069764-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 NBA draft\nThe 1952 NBA draft was the sixth annual draft of the National Basketball Association (NBA). The draft was held on April 26, 1952, before the 1952\u201353 season. In this draft, ten remaining NBA teams took turns selecting amateur U.S. college basketball players. In each round, the teams selected in reverse order of their win\u2013loss record in the previous season, except for the defending champion, the Minneapolis Lakers, who was assigned the last pick of each round. The draft consisted of 17 rounds comprising 106 players selected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 543]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069764-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 NBA draft, Draft selections and draftee career notes\nMark Workman from West Virginia University was selected first overall by the Milwaukee Hawks. Bill Mlkvy from Temple University was selected before the draft as Philadelphia Warriors' territorial pick. Don Meineke from the University of Dayton was selected by the Fort Wayne Pistons in the second round and went on to win the inaugural Rookie of the Year Award. The ninth pick of the draft, Clyde Lovellette from University of Kansas, was the only player from that draft to make it to an NBA All-Star Game at least once and to have been inducted to the Basketball Hall of Fame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 57], "content_span": [58, 635]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069764-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 NBA draft, Draft selections and draftee career notes\nTenth-round pick Gene Conley played both professional basketball and baseball. He played six seasons in the NBA for the Boston Celtics and the New York Knicks as well as 11 seasons in the Major League Baseball (MLB). He won three NBA championships with the Celtics as well as the 1957 World Series with the Milwaukee Braves, becoming the only athlete to win world championships in both basketball and baseball.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 57], "content_span": [58, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069764-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 NBA draft, Draft selections and draftee career notes\nDick Groat from Duke was picked 3rd overall by the Fort Wayne Pistons and went on to win the National League 1960 MVP, and two World Series championships while playing shortstop for the Pittsburgh Pirates and then the St. Louis Cardinals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 57], "content_span": [58, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069764-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 NBA draft, Other picks\nThe following list includes other draft picks who have appeared in at least one NBA game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 27], "content_span": [28, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069765-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 NBA playoffs\nThe 1952 NBA playoffs was the postseason tournament of the National Basketball Association's 1951\u201352 season. The tournament concluded with the Western Conference champion Minneapolis Lakers defeating the Eastern Conference champion New York Knicks 4 games to 3 in the NBA Finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069765-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 NBA playoffs\nFor the first time in NBA history, all teams that made the playoffs the year before meet again, but this time with different outcomes. This would happen again in 1957, in 1966, and then 1973 before a few more teams add to the playoffs in 1975, 1977 and 1984.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069765-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 NBA playoffs\nThe first NBA dynasty, the Lakers, won their third NBA title in the last 4 years and what would become their first of 3 straight titles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069765-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 NBA playoffs, Bracket\nBold Series winnerItalic Team with home-court advantage in NBA Finals", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 26], "content_span": [27, 96]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069765-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 NBA playoffs, Division Semifinals, Eastern Division Semifinals, (1) Syracuse Nationals vs. (4) Philadelphia Warriors\nThis was the third playoff meeting between these two teams, with the 76ers/Nationals winning the first two meetings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 121], "content_span": [122, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069765-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 NBA playoffs, Division Semifinals, Eastern Division Semifinals, (2) Boston Celtics vs. (3) New York Knicks\nThis was the second playoff meeting between these two teams, with the Knicks winning the first two meetings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 111], "content_span": [112, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069765-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 NBA playoffs, Division Semifinals, Western Division Semifinals, (1) Rochester Royals vs. (4) Fort Wayne Pistons\nThis was the third playoff meeting between these two teams, with both teams splitting the first two meetings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 116], "content_span": [117, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069765-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 NBA playoffs, Division Semifinals, Western Division Semifinals, (2) Minneapolis Lakers vs. (3) Indianapolis Olympians\nThis was the second playoff meeting between these two teams, with the Lakers winning the first meeting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 122], "content_span": [123, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069765-0008-0000", "contents": "1952 NBA playoffs, Division Finals, Eastern Division Finals, (1) Syracuse Nationals vs. (3) New York Knicks\nThis was the third playoff meeting between these two teams, with both teams splitting the first two meetings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 107], "content_span": [108, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069765-0009-0000", "contents": "1952 NBA playoffs, Division Finals, Western Division Finals, (1) Rochester Royals vs. (2) Minneapolis Lakers\nThis was the third playoff meeting between these two teams, with both teams splitting the first two meetings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 108], "content_span": [109, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069765-0010-0000", "contents": "1952 NBA playoffs, NBA Finals: (W2) Minneapolis Lakers vs. (E3) New York Knicks\nThis was the first playoff meeting between these two teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 79], "content_span": [80, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069766-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 NC State Wolfpack football team\nThe 1952 NC State Wolfpack football team represented North Carolina State University during the 1952 college football season. The Wolfpack were led by first-year head coach Horace Hendrickson and played their home games at Riddick Stadium in Raleigh, North Carolina. They competed as members of the Southern Conference for the final year before joining six other larger SoCon schools in creating the Atlantic Coast Conference in 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069767-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 NCAA Basketball Tournament\nThe 1952 NCAA Basketball Tournament involved 16 schools playing in single-elimination play to determine the national champion of men's  NCAA Division I college basketball. The 14th annual edition of the tournament began on March 21, 1952, and ended with the championship game on March 26 in Seattle. A total of 20 games were played, including a third place game in each region and a national third place game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069767-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 NCAA Basketball Tournament\nKansas, coached by Phog Allen, won the national title with an 80\u201363 victory in the final game over St. John's, coached by Frank McGuire. Clyde Lovellette of Kansas was named the tournament's Most Outstanding Player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069767-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 NCAA Basketball Tournament\nThis tournament was the first to have a true \"Final Four\" format, with the winners at four regional sites advancing to the final site\u2014although the four regionals did not receive distinct names until the 1956 tournament. It was also the first to have regional television coverage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069767-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 NCAA Basketball Tournament, Locations\nThe following are the sites selected to host each round of the 1952 tournament:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 42], "content_span": [43, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069767-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 NCAA Basketball Tournament, Locations, Final Four\nSeattle and Hec Edmundson Pavilion became the first hosts of the true Final Four; prior to this, the national semifinal games were hosted at the regional sites. It also made them the third host city and venue, after New York's Madison Square Garden and the Kansas City Municipal Auditorium, to host the National Championship multiple times. For the second year in a row, Reynolds Coliseum served as a host venue to the tournament, hosting one of the two East regionals. The Municipal Auditorium also continued its streak of hosting games, hosting one of the West regionals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 54], "content_span": [55, 628]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069767-0004-0001", "contents": "1952 NCAA Basketball Tournament, Locations, Final Four\nThe arena had been used in every tournament except the first up to this point. For the second time, the tournament returned to the Chicago area, this time hosting games at Chicago Stadium, one of the largest arenas in the country at the time. And for the first time, the tournament came to the state of Oregon, with West regional games played at the Oregon State Coliseum on the campus of then-Oregon State College.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 54], "content_span": [55, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069768-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 NCAA Cross Country Championships\nThe 1952 NCAA Men's Cross Country Championships were the 14th annual cross country meet to determine the team and individual national champions of men's collegiate cross country running in the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069768-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 NCAA Cross Country Championships\nSince the current multi-division format for NCAA championship did not begin until 1973, all NCAA members were eligible. In total, 24 teams and 97 individual runners contested this championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069768-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 NCAA Cross Country Championships\nThe meet was hosted by Michigan State College on November 24, 1952, at the Forest Akers East Golf Course in East Lansing, Michigan. The distance for the race was 4 miles (6.4 kilometers).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069768-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 NCAA Cross Country Championships\nThe team national championship was won by the host Michigan State Spartans, their fourth. The individual championship was won by Charles Capozzoli, from Georgetown, with a time of 19:36.94.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069769-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 NCAA Golf Championship\nThe 1952 NCAA Golf Championship was the 14th annual NCAA-sanctioned golf tournament to determine the individual and team national champions of men's collegiate golf in the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069769-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 NCAA Golf Championship\nThe tournament was held at the Purdue University Golf Course in West Lafayette, Indiana.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069769-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 NCAA Golf Championship\nThree-time defending champions North Texas State again won the team title, the Eagles' fourth NCAA team national title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069770-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 NCAA Men's Basketball All-Americans\nThe consensus 1952 College Basketball All-American team, as determined by aggregating the results of five major All-American teams. To earn \"consensus\" status, a player must win honors from a majority of the following teams: the Associated Press, Look Magazine, The United Press International, Collier's Magazine and the International News Service.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069771-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament\nThe 1952 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament was the culmination of the 1951\u201352 NCAA men's ice hockey season, the 5th such tournament in NCAA history. It was held between March 13 and 15, 1952, and concluded with Michigan defeating Colorado College 4-1. All games were played at the Broadmoor Ice Palace in Colorado Springs, Colorado.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069771-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament\nThis was the first tournament to include teams that played in a conference. The MCHL had been created before the start of the season and through both of the conference representatives had appeared in the tournament previously both were independent. The Tri-State League also sent its first representative to the tournament after the conference began play the year before.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069771-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament, Qualifying teams\nFour teams qualified for the tournament, two each from the eastern and western regions. The two best MCHL teams and a Tri-State League representative received bids into the tournament as did one independent school.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 55], "content_span": [56, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069771-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament, Format\nThe eastern team judged as better was seeded as the top eastern team while the MCHL champion was given the top western seed. The second eastern seed was slotted to play the top western seed and vice versa. All games were played at the Broadmoor Ice Palace. All matches were Single-game eliminations with the semifinal winners advancing to the national championship game and the losers playing in a consolation game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 45], "content_span": [46, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069772-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 NCAA Swimming and Diving Championships\nThe 1952 NCAA Swimming and Diving Championships were contested in March 1952 at the pool at Dillon Gymnasium at Princeton University in Princeton, New Jersey at the 16th annual NCAA-sanctioned swim meet to determine the team and individual national champions of men's collegiate swimming and diving in the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069772-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 NCAA Swimming and Diving Championships\nOhio State once again returned to the top of the team standings, earning the Buckeyes their seventh national title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069773-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 NCAA Tennis Championships\nThe 1952 NCAA Tennis Championships were the 7th annual tournaments to determine the national champions of NCAA men's singles, doubles, and team collegiate tennis in the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069773-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 NCAA Tennis Championships\nUCLA won the team championship, the Bruins' second title. UCLA finished six points ahead of rivals USC and California (11\u20135) in the team standings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069773-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 NCAA Tennis Championships, Host site\nThis year's tournaments were contested at the Vandy Christie Tennis Center at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069773-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 NCAA Tennis Championships, Team scoring\nUntil 1977, the men's team championship was determined by points awarded based on individual performances in the singles and doubles events.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 44], "content_span": [45, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069774-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 NCAA Track and Field Championships\nThe 1952 NCAA Track and Field Championships were contested at the 31st annual NCAA-hosted track meet to determine the team and individual national champions of men's collegiate track and field events in the United States. This year's meet was hosted by the University of California at Edwards Stadium in Berkeley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069774-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 NCAA Track and Field Championships\nUSC won their fourth consecutive team national championship, netting the 16th team title in program history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069775-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 NCAA Wrestling Championships\nThe 1952 NCAA Wrestling Championships were the 22nd NCAA Wrestling Championships to be held. Colorado A&M in Fort Collins, Colorado hosted the tournament at their South College Gymnasium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069775-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 NCAA Wrestling Championships\nOklahoma took home the team championship with 22 points and having two individual champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069775-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 NCAA Wrestling Championships\nTommy Evans of Oklahoma was named the Most Outstanding Wrestler.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069776-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 NCAA baseball season\nThe 1952 NCAA baseball season, play of college baseball in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) began in the spring of 1952. The season progressed through the regular season and concluded with the 1952 College World Series. The College World Series, held for the sixth time in 1952, consisted of one team from each of eight geographical districts and was held in Omaha, Nebraska at Johnny Rosenblatt Stadium as a double-elimination tournament. Holy Cross claimed the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 552]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069776-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 NCAA baseball season, Conference winners\nThis is a partial list of conference champions from the 1952 season. Each of the eight geographical districts chose, by various methods, the team that would represent them in the NCAA Tournament. Conference champions had to be chosen, unless all conference champions declined the bid.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 45], "content_span": [46, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069776-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 NCAA baseball season, College World Series\nThe 1952 season marked the sixth NCAA Baseball Tournament, which consisted of the eight team College World Series. The College World Series was held in Omaha, Nebraska. Districts used a variety of selection methods to the event, from playoffs to a selection committee. District playoffs were not considered part of the NCAA Tournament, and the expansion to eight teams resulted in the end of regionals as they existed from 1947 through 1949. The eight teams played a double-elimination format, with Holy Cross claiming their first championship with an 8\u20134 win over Missouri in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 47], "content_span": [48, 635]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069777-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 NCAA football rankings\nTwo human polls comprised the 1952 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) football rankings. Unlike most sports, college football's governing body, the NCAA, does not bestow a national championship, instead that title is bestowed by one or more different polling agencies. There are two main weekly polls that begin in the preseason\u2014the AP Poll and the Coaches' Poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069777-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 NCAA football rankings, AP Poll\nThe final AP Poll was released on December 1, at the end of the 1952 regular season, weeks before the major bowls. The AP would not release a post-bowl season final poll regularly until 1968.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 36], "content_span": [37, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069777-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 NCAA football rankings, Final Coaches' Poll\nThe final UP Coaches Poll was released prior to the bowl games, on December 2. Michigan State received 32 of the 35 first-place votes; one each went to Georgia Tech, Notre Dame, and Oklahoma.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 48], "content_span": [49, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069778-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 NFL Championship Game\nThe 1952 National Football League championship game was the 20th annual championship game, held on December 28 at Cleveland Municipal Stadium in Cleveland, Ohio.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069778-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 NFL Championship Game\nThe Detroit Lions (9\u20133) were the National Conference champions and met the Cleveland Browns (8\u20134), champions of the American Conference. It was the first of three consecutive matchups in the title game between the Lions and Browns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069778-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 NFL Championship Game\nThe Lions were led by quarterback Bobby Layne, running back Doak Walker, and head coach Buddy Parker, and the Browns were led by head coach Paul Brown and  quarterback Otto Graham. It was the Browns' third consecutive NFL championship game appearance since joining the NFL in 1950. The Lions returned to the title game after 17 years, since their win in 1935.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069778-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 NFL Championship Game\nThe Lions finished the 1952 regular season tied with the Los Angeles Rams (9\u20133) for top of the National Conference. Even though the Lions won both meetings, the rules of the day called for a tiebreaker playoff game. The teams' third game was held at Briggs Stadium in Detroit on December 21, which the Lions also won, 31\u201321.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069778-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 NFL Championship Game\nThe Lions were 3\u00bd-point favorites in the title game, and won by ten points, 17\u20137.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069778-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 NFL Championship Game, Game summary\nDetroit took the opening kickoff, failed to gain, and punted, with Renfro getting back 11 yards to the Browns' 41. A couple of offside penalties were costly, but the Browns still managed to reach the 18, as Graham was then tossed for an 11-yard loss and the threat ended with Lou Groza missing a field goal from the 25. Detroit then moved upfield, getting to the Cleveland 30, but also failed to score when Pat Harder was short and wide with a field goal bid from 37 yards out.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069778-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 NFL Championship Game, Game summary\nPunter Horace Gillom punted a short kick, which rolled out at midfield, with the Lions going 50 yards in seven plays. Layne started it with a pass to Cloyce Box for 10 yards to the 40 and then ran for 13 and another first down on the 27. Layne added nine more before Walker made a first down on the 16, from where Layne passed to Bill Swiacki for 14 yards to the three. After an offsides penalty, Layne would run the ball in for a touchdown and led at halftime, 7\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069778-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 NFL Championship Game, Game summary\nThe second half started with the Browns moving steadily, until checked by David's interception. Detroit was halted on this chance with the ball, but clicked the next time when Walker broke away for the touchdown that boosted the lead to 14 points. A Cleveland third quarter touchdown narrowed the lead to 7, but a defensive stand from the Lions from their own 5 along with a late Pat Harder field goal sealed the victory and the Lions' first championship since 1935.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069778-0008-0000", "contents": "1952 NFL Championship Game, Officials\nThe NFL added the fifth official, the back judge, in 1947; the line judge arrived in 1965, and the side judge in 1978.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 37], "content_span": [38, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069778-0009-0000", "contents": "1952 NFL Championship Game, Players' shares\nThe gross receipts for the game, including radio and television rights, were just over US$314,000. Each player on the winning Lions team received $2,274, while Browns players made $1,712 each, the highest to date.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 43], "content_span": [44, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069779-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 NFL Draft\nThe 1952 National Football League Draft was held on January 17, 1952, at Hotel Statler in New York. Selections made by New York Yanks were assigned to the new Dallas Texans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069779-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 NFL Draft\nThe Washington Post sportswriter Mo Siegel later claimed that Washington Redskins owner George Preston Marshall let him choose a late-round pick. Siegel, he said, chose Tennessee Tech's Flavious Smith to force the first black player onto the all-white Redskins. If true, Marshall likely persuaded NFL Commissioner Bert Bell to remove the choice from the official records. (Smith, who did not hear the story until years later, was white.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069780-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 NFL playoffs\nThe 1952 National Football League season resulted in a tie for the National Conference championship between the Detroit Lions and Los Angeles Rams, requiring a one-game playoff to be held between them. This conference championship game was played on December 21, 1952, at Briggs Stadium in Detroit. The winner of that game then played the Cleveland Browns on December 28.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069780-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 NFL playoffs, NFL Championship game\nThe 1952 NFL Championship Game was held in Cleveland and was won by the Lions, 17\u20137.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 40], "content_span": [41, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069781-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 NFL season\nThe 1952 NFL season was the 33rd regular season of the National Football League. Prior to the season, the legacy of the Dayton Triangles, the final remaining Ohio League member and the franchise then known as the New York Yanks owner Ted Collins sold his team back to the NFL. A few days later, a new team was then awarded to an ownership group in Dallas, Texas, after it purchased the assets of the Yanks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069781-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 NFL season\nHowever, the new Dallas Texans went 1\u201311, and were sold back to the league midway through the season. For the team's last five games, the league operated the Texans as a road team, with the franchise \"returning to its roots\" as a traveling team just as they were in the 1920s when they were known as the Dayton Triangles, with them becoming the final traveling team to date in NFL history, using Hershey, Pennsylvania, as a home base.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 450]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069781-0001-0001", "contents": "1952 NFL season\nOne of their final two \"home\" games were held at the Rubber Bowl in Akron, Ohio, the other one played at the opposing team's (Detroit) stadium. After the season ended, the league considers the Texans to have folded, however all of the Triangles-Texans players and assets were awarded to Carroll Rosenbloom for the following year, becoming the new Baltimore Colts, keeping the blue and white color scheme, and the assets of the franchise ultimately never missing a season in some form. This left Dallas without a professional football franchise until the births of the Dallas Cowboys and the AFL version of the Dallas Texans in 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 648]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069781-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 NFL season\nThe Detroit Lions defeated the Cleveland Browns in the NFL Championship Game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 93]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069781-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 NFL season\nThis was the last NFL season prior to the introduction of regular season overtime in 1974 that there were no ties in the regular season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069781-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 NFL season, Draft\nThe 1952 NFL Draft was held on January 17, 1952 at Philadelphia's Hotel Statler. With the first pick, the Los Angeles Rams selected quarterback Bill Wade from Vanderbilt University.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 22], "content_span": [23, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069781-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 NFL season, Final standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 32], "content_span": [33, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069781-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 NFL season, Playoffs\nThe Lions hosted and won the National Conference playoff. The Browns hosted the NFL Championship Game, but were defeated by the Lions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 25], "content_span": [26, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069782-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 NK Hajduk Split season\nThe 1952 season was the 41st season in Hajduk Split\u2019s history and their 6th in the Yugoslav First League. Their 3rd place finish in the 1951 season meant it was their 6th successive season playing in the Yugoslav First League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069783-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 NSWRFL season\nThe 1952 New South Wales Rugby Football League premiership was the forty-fifth season of the rugby league competition based in Sydney. Ten teams from across Sydney contested for the J. J. Giltinan Shield during the season which culminated in a grand final between Western Suburbs and South Sydney.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069783-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 NSWRFL season, Teams\nThe tail-end of the season was played without star players selected to go on the Australian national team\u2019s 1952\u20131953 Kangaroo Tour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 25], "content_span": [26, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069783-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 NSWRFL season, Teams\n45th seasonGround: Sydney Sports GroundCoach: Ernie Norman Captain: Ferris Ashton", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 25], "content_span": [26, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069783-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 NSWRFL season, Teams\n45th seasonGround: Erskineville Oval Coach: Frank Johnson Captain: Gordon Clifford", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 25], "content_span": [26, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069783-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 NSWRFL season, Finals\nThe 1952 season saw North Sydney reach the finals for the first time since 1943. Their win over St. George in their semi-final would prove North Sydney\u2019s last victory in a first grade semi-final until their 1991 major preliminary semi-final against Manly-Warringah.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 26], "content_span": [27, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069783-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 NSWRFL season, Finals, Grand Final\nThe rl1908 reference transcribes Sean Fagan\u2019s 2002 interview with Souths captain-coach Jack Rayner fuelling the suggestion that dubious refereeing decisions cost the Rabbitohs the 1952 title and prevented Souths from stringing together all six premierships of 1950 to 1955. However it cannot be argued that the Western Suburbs club were themselves a force of the 1950s, and their 1952 achievement was undeniably remarkable as they played the whole second half of the season and the finals without their stars Frank Stanmore, Keith Holman and Arthur Collinson who had all left with the touring Kangaroos to England and France.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 39], "content_span": [40, 665]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069783-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 NSWRFL season, Finals, Grand Final\nWests finished as minor premiers due in great part to their undefeated nine-game streak in the first full round of the 1952 season. In the Final they met Souths who were seeking their third premiership in a row.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 39], "content_span": [40, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069783-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 NSWRFL season, Finals, Grand Final\nThe controversy centered on a disallowed Rabbitohs try early in the game. Souths\u2019 Frank Threlfo made a break and slipped the ball to Ken Macreadie who was in under the posts. Referee George Bishop ruled the pass forward and disallowed the try. In the interview Rayner also comments on the lopsided penalty count.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 39], "content_span": [40, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069783-0008-0000", "contents": "1952 NSWRFL season, Finals, Grand Final\nHowever the record-books show that Wests scored six tries to two, winning the match 22\u201312 and the club\u2019s fourth premiership. Wests\u2019 Hec Farrell and Souths\u2019 Bryan Orrock were sent-off for fighting and went before the judiciary charged with kicking. Wests' coach Tom McMahon became the first coach to win a premiership in his debut coaching season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 39], "content_span": [40, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069783-0009-0000", "contents": "1952 NSWRFL season, Finals, Grand Final\nIronically, ten years later Wests would again threaten to break a string of premiership wins \u2013 the 1962 and 1963 Magpie sides both came close to ceasing St. George's long run \u2013 but again several refereeing controversies would affect the outcome. Both the 1962 and 1963 Grand Finals have been said to have been decided by questionable calls from referee Darcy Lawler and on those occasion Wests would be on the wrong end of disputed rulings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 39], "content_span": [40, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069783-0010-0000", "contents": "1952 NSWRFL season, Finals, Grand Final\nWestern Suburbs 22 (Tries: Schofield 2, Fitzgerald, Dines, Bain, McLean. Goals: Bain 2.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 39], "content_span": [40, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069784-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 NYU Violets football team\nThe 1952 NYU Violets football team represented New York University in the 1952 college football season. This was the last season that NYU fielded an NCAA team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069785-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 National Challenge Cup\nThe 1952 National Challenge Cup was the 39th edition of the United States Soccer Football Association's annual open soccer championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069786-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 National Invitation Tournament\nThe 1952 National Invitation Tournament was the 1952 edition of the annual NCAA college basketball competition. The 1952 tournament was won by La Salle University. Tom Gola and Norm Grekin were co-MVPs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069786-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 National Invitation Tournament, Selected teams\nBelow is a list of the 12 teams selected for the tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069787-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Nations motorcycle Grand Prix\nThe 1952 Nations motorcycle Grand Prix was the seventh round of the 1952 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on 14 September 1952 at the Autodromo Nazionale Monza.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069788-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Navy Midshipmen football team\nThe 1952 Navy Midshipmen football team represented the United States Naval Academy (USNA) as an independent during the 1952 college football season. The team was led by third-year head coach Eddie Erdelatz. They were invited to the 1953 Orange Bowl but refused the bid.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069789-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\nThe 1952 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team was the representative of the University of Nebraska and member of the Big 7 Conference in the 1952 college football season. The team was coached by Bill Glassford and played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069789-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Before the season\nCoach Glassford's fourth year at the helm of the Nebraska football program began with a great deal of uncertainty about the future. Lauded after his first two seasons showed dramatic improvement over the string of losing seasons prior to his arrival, the 1951 campaign was a story of a slide backwards, with only one on-field victory recorded during the entire season. A new offense was installed midseason in 1951, styled after the spread offensive look that TCU utilized to great success to defeat Nebraska in the season opener. The offseason provided a chance for the Cornhuskers to refine the new scheme, and 1952 opened with hopes that the previous season would be soon forgotten.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 58], "content_span": [59, 744]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069789-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, South Dakota\nSouth Dakota was the first team to see Nebraska since the spread had been formally and completely installed, and the Coyotes were bowled over by a scoring explosion and defensive stand that wrapped up the day with a commanding 46-0 shutout to start the Cornhusker season on the right foot. The Coyotes managed only 4 first downs for the night, compared with 29 for the Nebraska squad, and were dominated in passing yardage 118-0.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 69], "content_span": [70, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069789-0002-0001", "contents": "1952 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, South Dakota\nThe score would have been much more damaging if not for the 120 penalty yards accumulated by the Cornhuskers, fully twice as many as assessed against South Dakota. The Coyotes had now failed to get a win against Nebraska in their previous thirteen attempts, their only past success being the first meeting of the teams back in 1899.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 69], "content_span": [70, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069789-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Oregon\nNebraska made the long journey to Eugene to face off against the Oregon Ducks for the first time, in a rare night time game. Oregon was favored, and had a daunting aerial attack plan that put the Cornhusker defense to the test by rolling up 134 yards to Nebraska's 32 by air. However, faced with a Nebraska rushing onslaught of 280 yards that dwarfed the 75 managed by the Ducks, Oregon was unable to step the string of points rolled off by the Cornhusker machine. Memories of 1951 were fading fast, as Nebraska was quickly off to a good 2-0 start.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 63], "content_span": [64, 612]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069789-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Iowa State\nThe Cornhuskers recorded their second shutout of the season in three games against Iowa State despite an uninspired outing that brought in only 16 points for  the day. Much like the Ducks, Iowa State attempted to get yards by air, throwing for 124 yards and easily out-passing Nebraska's 39, but the ground game ruled the day again as the Cornhusker rushing yardage steamrolled the Cyclone total by 351-85. The second shutout of the season marked the best Nebraska batch of shutouts since 1933 opened with three straight blankings. Iowa State fell to 8-37-1 against the Cornhuskers all-time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 67], "content_span": [68, 659]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069789-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Kansas State\nAnother display of Nebraska's ground domination in the face of aerial attacks was on display in Lincoln as the Kansas State team sought to end their nine-year stretch of futility against the Cornhuskers. The Wildcats outgained Nebraska in the air by 204-74, but could not come up with the points to match the statistics as the Cornhuskers outrushed Kansas State 251-73 and produced nearly twice as many points. It was a hard-fought game that resulted in numerous injuries to Nebraska players, including star HB Bobby Reynolds, who came out with a separated shoulder. The Cornhuskers improved to 30-4-2 over the Wildcats to date.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 69], "content_span": [70, 698]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069789-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Penn State\nStatistically, the Penn State contest looked like most of the others of 1952, as Nebraska outgained the Nittany Lions by ground 210-129. The first half ended scoreless thanks to a stiff defensive Cornhusker effort that turned Penn State away empty-handed from inside the 20 yard line on three drives. Penn State was the first to find success against Nebraska by air, actually producing points instead of simply winning the passing battle, as their 102-45 air advantage helped them finally punch in a touchdown in the third quarter before sealing the outcome with a late field goal. It was the first Cornhusker loss of the season as the year now stood at 4-1, which was nonetheless the best beginning os a Nebraska football season since the 6-0 start in 1933. With the loss handed down, the Cornhuskers slipped to 1-4 versus the Nittany Lions all-time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 67], "content_span": [68, 919]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069789-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Colorado\nUpstart Colorado was not to be overlooked, as they had fought reigning Big 7 champion Oklahoma to a tied outcome earlier in the year. Every way to score points in a football game was recorded in this contest across both teams, as Nebraska fought back from 0-7 to make a game of it. The final score of 16-16 was settled upon when injured Nebraska HB Bobby Reynolds attempted a field goal that was blocked with, fittingly, 16 seconds remaining to play. Colorado's two-game winning streak against Nebraska was cut short as the Cornhuskers improved over the Buffaloes to  7-4 in the series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 65], "content_span": [66, 652]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069789-0008-0000", "contents": "1952 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Missouri\nNebraska scored early on in the contest but struggled to put a scoring distance in the pull away. The score held at 6-0 through the half time break, until an ill-timed Cornhusker fumbled was scooped up by the Tigers and returned for a touchdown. The Missouri extra point made it 6-7, and though the Cornhuskers advance repeatedly into Tiger territory over the course of the game, Missouri successfully turned them away from inside the 25-yard line on four occasions. A late Tiger field goal put the game away, handing down the season's second defeat upon Nebraska. Missouri narrowed the series to 17-25-3 and kept the Victory bell in Columbia for another year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 65], "content_span": [66, 726]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069789-0009-0000", "contents": "1952 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Kansas\nFacing Kansas in Lawrence, the Cornhuskers struggled to make headway against the Jayhawks for much of the game, basically giving up on the air attack with only seven net passing yards on the day. Trailing by six points with only five minutes remaining, the Cornhuskers finally found a way around the Jayhawks line and into the end zone, the point after finally giving Nebraska the lead and the win. Nebraska's win padded the series to 42-13-3.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 63], "content_span": [64, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069789-0010-0000", "contents": "1952 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Minnesota\nNebraska secured 16 first downs compared to the 13 recorded by Minnesota, and outrushed the Golden Gophers 313-157 in front of the Lincoln homecoming crowd, but Minnesota brought dazzling plays of their own and entirely shut out Nebraska's attempts to throw, leading to a dismal Nebraska passing attempts record of 0-8 and no air yards for the day. The Golden Gophers did not have the same troubles by air, and rolled up 166 passing yards on their way to a relatively narrow 6-point win to hand over Nebraska's third loss of the season, improving over the Cornhuskers to 27-5-2.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 66], "content_span": [67, 645]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069789-0011-0000", "contents": "1952 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Oklahoma\nOklahoma's winning ways in the Big 7 continued without pause as Nebraska surrendered for a record 10th-straight game to the Sooners, in front of a large homecoming crowd of 41,000 in Norman. The game was never really in doubt after Oklahoma punched in a quick succession of scores in the first quarter to jump to a 20-0 lead. Finally, the Cornhuskers came to life and played Oklahoma 13-14 for the remaining duration, but the Sooners were far too strong to be overcome. Nebraska's lead in the series dwindled to 16-13-3.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 65], "content_span": [66, 586]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069789-0012-0000", "contents": "1952 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, After the season\nThe season opened strong with four wins a row, the best commencement of a football season in Nebraska in nearly twenty years. Injuries began to take their toll, however, and the new spread offense was less foreign to opposing teams who began to figure out how to defend against it, particularly since Nebraska remained predominantly a ground-based rushing team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 57], "content_span": [58, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069789-0012-0001", "contents": "1952 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, After the season\nAs a result, the bright start to the season faded as the Cornhuskers closed out 1952 at 1-4-1. Coach Glassford's 1952 campaign total still helped push his conference record to a barely winning percentage of 12-11-1 (.521) but his overall record was still on the wrong side, at 17-19-2 (.474). The Nebraska football program's conference and overall records both slipped slightly, as the 3-2-1 Big 7 results brought the league record to 132-48-12 (.719) and the program's all-time percentage now stood at 333-167-33 (.656).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 57], "content_span": [58, 579]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069790-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Nebraska gubernatorial election\nThe 1952 Nebraska gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1952, and featured former Lieutenant Governor Robert B. Crosby, a Republican, defeating Democratic nominee, former state Senator Walter R. Raecke.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069791-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Nemzeti Bajnoks\u00e1g I, Overview\nIt was contested by 14 teams, and Budapest Honv\u00e9d FC won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069792-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Nemzeti Bajnoks\u00e1g I (women's handball)\nThe 1952 Nemzeti Bajnoks\u00e1g I was the second season of the top level championship in the Hungarian team handball for women. V\u00f6r\u00f6s Meteor completed their three match programme without defeat and won the title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069793-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Nevada Wolf Pack football team\nThe 1952 Nevada Wolf Pack football team represented the University of Nevada during the 1952 college football season. Nevada competed as an independent. The Wolf Pack were led by first-year head coach Jake Lawlor and played their home games at Mackay Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069793-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Nevada Wolf Pack football team, Previous season\nThe Wolf Pack finished the 1950 season 1\u20139. Head coach Joe Sheeketski resigned and was replaced by Jake Lawlor. There was no football team in 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 52], "content_span": [53, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069794-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 New Brunswick general election\nThe 1952 New Brunswick general election was held on September 22, 1952, to elect 52 members to the 42nd New Brunswick Legislative Assembly, the governing house of the province of New Brunswick, Canada. The incumbent Liberals were defeated by the Progressive Conservatives.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069795-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 New Hampshire Wildcats football team\nThe 1952 New Hampshire Wildcats football team was an American football team that represented the University of New Hampshire as a member of the Yankee Conference during the 1952 college football season. In its fourth year under head coach Chief Boston, the team compiled a perfect 3\u20134\u20131 record (0\u20134 against conference opponents) and finished sixth out of six teams in the Yankee Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069796-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 New Hampshire gubernatorial election\nThe 1952 New Hampshire gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1952. Republican nominee Hugh Gregg defeated Democratic nominee William H. Craig with 63.15% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069797-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 New Mexico A&M Aggies football team\nThe 1952 New Mexico A&M Aggies football team was an American football team that represented New Mexico College of Agriculture and Mechanical Arts (now known as New Mexico State University) as a member of the Border Conference during the 1952 college football season. In their second and final year under head coach Joseph T. Coleman, the Aggies compiled a 2\u20136\u20131 record (1\u20132\u20131 against conference opponents), finished sixth in the conference, and were outscored by a total of 255 to 118. The team played its home games at Memorial Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069798-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 New Mexico Lobos football team\nThe 1952 New Mexico Lobos football team represented the University of New Mexico in the Skyline Conference during the 1952 college football season. In their third and final season under head coach Dudley DeGroot, the Lobos compiled a 7\u20132 record (5\u20131 against Skyline opponents), and outscored all opponents by a total of 119 to 46.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069798-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 New Mexico Lobos football team\nOn defense, the team shut out five opponents and allowed an average of 5.1 points per game, ranking as \"the least-scored-on major college team in the nation.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069799-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 New Mexico gubernatorial election\nThe 1952 New Mexico gubernatorial election took place on November 4, 1952, in order to elect the Governor of New Mexico. Incumbent Republican Edwin L. Mechem ran for reelection to a second term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069800-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 New Year Honours\nThe New Year Honours 1952 were appointments by King George VI to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of the British Empire and Commonwealth. They were announced on 1 January 1952 for the British Empire, Australia, New Zealand, Ceylon, and Pakistan to celebrate the past year and mark the beginning of 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069800-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 New Year Honours\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069800-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 New Year Honours, United Kingdom, Order of the British Empire (Military Division), Korea\nIn recognition of non-operational services in Japan in connection with operations in Korea", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 93], "content_span": [94, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069800-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 New Year Honours, United Kingdom, British Empire Medals (Military Division), Korea\nIn recognition of non-operational services in Japan in connection with operations in Korea", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 87], "content_span": [88, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069800-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 New Year Honours, United Kingdom, Mentions in Despatches\nIn recognition of Operational Minesweeping and Bomb and Mine Disposal services.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 61], "content_span": [62, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069801-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 New Year Honours (New Zealand)\nThe 1952 New Year Honours in New Zealand were appointments by King George VI on the advice of the New Zealand government to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders. The awards celebrated the passing of 1951 and the beginning of 1952, and were announced on 1 January 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069801-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 New Year Honours (New Zealand)\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069802-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 New York Film Critics Circle Awards\nThe 18th New York Film Critics Circle Awards, honored the best filmmaking of 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069803-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 New York Giants (MLB) season\nThe 1952 New York Giants season was the franchise's 70th season. The team finished in second place in the National League with a 92-62 record, 4\u00bd games behind the Brooklyn Dodgers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069803-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 New York Giants (MLB) season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 78], "content_span": [79, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069803-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 New York Giants (MLB) season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 71], "content_span": [72, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069803-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 New York Giants (MLB) season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 76], "content_span": [77, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069803-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 New York Giants (MLB) season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069803-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 New York Giants (MLB) season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 74], "content_span": [75, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069804-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 New York Giants season\nThe 1952 New York Giants season was the franchise's 28th season in the National Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069804-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 New York Giants season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 38], "content_span": [39, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069805-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 New York Yankees season\nThe 1952 New York Yankees season was the 50th season for the Yankees in New York and their 52nd overall, going back to their origins in Baltimore. The team finished with a record of 95\u201359, winning their 19th pennant, finishing 2 games ahead of the Cleveland Indians. New York was managed by Casey Stengel. The Yankees played their home games at Yankee Stadium. In the World Series, they defeated the Brooklyn Dodgers in 7 games. This was their fourth consecutive World Series win, tying the record they had set during 1936\u20131939.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069805-0000-0001", "contents": "1952 New York Yankees season\nIt was also the first season that the Yankees aired their games exclusively on WPIX-TV which would last until the end of the 1998 season, the channel was also the home of the baseball Giants broadcasts from 1949, thus it was the first time ever that the channel had broadcast both the AL and NL baseball teams from the city, in 2016, when WPIX resumed FTA broadcasts of Yankees games in association with the current cable broadcaster YES Network, the channel returned to being the sole FTA broadcaster for the city's MLB franchises, as it is also currently the FTA broadcaster for the New York Mets.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 628]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069805-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 73], "content_span": [74, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069805-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069805-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069805-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 68], "content_span": [69, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069805-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 69], "content_span": [70, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069805-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 New York Yankees season, World series\nAL New York Yankees (4) vs. NL Brooklyn Dodgers (3)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 42], "content_span": [43, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069806-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 New Zealand rugby league season\nThe 1952 New Zealand rugby league season was the 45th season of rugby league that had been played in New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069806-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 New Zealand rugby league season, International competitions\nNew Zealand toured Australia, winning the Test series 2-1. The Kiwis were coached by Jim Amos and included Des White, Harvey Kreyl, Bevin Hough, Jimmy Edwards, Ron McKay, Tommy Baxter, Bill McKenzie, Cyril Eastlake, Jimmy Haig, Lory Blanchard, George Davidson, Bill McLennan, Alister Atkinson, Frank Mulcare, captain Travers Hardwick and George Menzies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 64], "content_span": [65, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069806-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 New Zealand rugby league season, International competitions\nWhite kicked a word Test record eleven goals when the Kiwis defeated Australia 49-25 at the Brisbane Cricket Ground.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 64], "content_span": [65, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069806-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 New Zealand rugby league season, National competitions, Northern Union Cup\nAuckland again held the Northern Union Cup at the end of the season. During the season the Wellington also held the trophy. Canterbury's challenge against Wellington ended in tragedy when 21-year-old Papanui winger Donald George Hanlon died from an injury.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 79], "content_span": [80, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069806-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 New Zealand rugby league season, National competitions, Inter-district competition\nWellington defeated Canterbury twice during the season, winning 28-21 at the Show Grounds in Christchurch before winning 20-8 in Wellington in a Northern Union Cup challenge.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 87], "content_span": [88, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069806-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 New Zealand rugby league season, National competitions, Inter-district competition\nCanterbury included Joe Curtain, Jock Butterfield, John Bond, Trevor Kilkelly, Alister Atkinson and Lory Blanchard.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 87], "content_span": [88, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069806-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 New Zealand rugby league season, Club competitions, Auckland\nPonsonby won the Auckland Rugby League's Fox Memorial Trophy. They completed \"the treble\" by also winning the Stormont Shield and Roope Rooster in the same season, as well as winning the Rukutai Shield. Pt Chevalier won the Sharman Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 65], "content_span": [66, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069806-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 New Zealand rugby league season, Club competitions, Canterbury\nThe Marist club was formed, although it had no connection with the Marist Old Boys club that had competed in the 1920s. The club was renamed Marist-Western Suburbs in 1968. In their first season they produced the Kiwi coach, Jim Amos, the Kiwi vice captain Jimmy Haig and another international Bill McKenzie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 67], "content_span": [68, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069806-0008-0000", "contents": "1952 New Zealand rugby league season, Club competitions, Canterbury\nAlister Atkinson and Lory Blanchard played for Linwood while Jock Butterfield played for Sydenham.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 67], "content_span": [68, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069807-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 New Zealand rugby league tour of Australia\nThe 1952 New Zealand rugby league tour of Australia was the sixteenth tour by New Zealand's national rugby league team, and the twelfth tour to visit Australia. The thirteen-match tour included three Test Matches. Captained by Travers Hardwick and coached by Jim Amos, the Kiwis completed a successful tour, winning ten of the thirteen matches. The team recovered from losing the First Test Match, to win \u2013 in the space of five days \u2013 the Second and Third Tests and claim the series by a two-one margin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069807-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 New Zealand rugby league tour of Australia, Squad\nThe team was coached by Les Amos and managed by Bill Swift and Colin Siddle. Travers Hardwick was captain in all three Test Matches and in each of the eight other tour matches in which he appeared. Tommy Baxter captained the side against Newcastle. The Rugby League News published a ,  (Occupation, Age, Height and Weight) and pen portraits of the tourists:  and  which listed their club and provincial team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 54], "content_span": [55, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069807-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 New Zealand rugby league tour of Australia, Matches\nCombined Riverina-Western Division FB: Les Koch ( Gundagai), WG: Neil Kingsmill ( Albury Blues), CE: Neville Brogan ( Young), CE: Clem O'Brien (Geurie), WG: Stan Root ( Narromine), FE: J. Doherty ( Warren), HB: Bob Isaac ( Adelong), LK: Peter O'Connor ( Young), SR: Ted Curran ( Adelong), SR: Neville (Fraser) Frazer ( Dunedoo), PR: Eric Funnell ( Bathurst Railway), HK: Harry Gibbs ( Gundagai), PR: Frank Hogan ( St Patrick's), IJ: Tom Kerwick ( Orange CYMS), Coach: Nevyl Hand. New Zealand FB: Des White, WG: Robert Edwards, CE: Tommy Baxter, CE: Cyril Eastlake, WG: Bill McKenzie, FE: George Menzies, HB: Jimmy Haig, LK: Travers Hardwick, SR: Harvey Kreyl, SR: Frank Mulcare, PR: Bob O'Donnell, HK: Bill Davidson, PR: Bill McLennan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 56], "content_span": [57, 792]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069807-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 New Zealand rugby league tour of Australia, Matches\nNew South Wales FB: Clive Churchill (25) ( Souths), WG: Noel Pidding (25) ( St George), CE: Col Geelan (24) ( Newtown), CE: Harry Wells (20) ( Wollongong), WG: Brian Carlson (19) ( Newcastle Northen Suburbs), FE: Wally O'Connell (29) ( Manly), HB: Keith Holman (24) ( Wests), LK: Peter Diversi (20) ( Norths), SR: Albert Paul (24) ( Lakes United), SR: Ferris Ashton (24) ( Easts), PR: Charlie Gill (29) ( Newcastle Northen Suburbs), HK: Kevin Schubert (24) ( Manly), PR: Ken Mogg (25) ( South Newcastle).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 56], "content_span": [57, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069807-0003-0001", "contents": "1952 New Zealand rugby league tour of Australia, Matches\nThe following were selected as reserves but did not play: Ian Moir (20) ( Souths) and Tom Tyrrell (24) ( Balmain). New Zealand FB: Des White, WG: Robert Edwards, CE: Cyril Eastlake, CE: Tommy Baxter, WG: Bill McKenzie, FE: Ron McKay, HB: Jimmy Haig, LK: Travers Hardwick, SR: Frank Mulcare, SR: Alister Atkinson, PR: Bill McLennan, HK: Bill Davidson, PR: David Blanchard.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 56], "content_span": [57, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069807-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 New Zealand rugby league tour of Australia, Matches\nCombined Monaro-Southern Division FB: Bert Hewitt ( Corrimal), WG: Ron Roberts (24) ( Picton), CE: Doug McRitchie (28) ( Queanbeyan), CE: Harry Wells (20) ( Wollongong), WG: Peter Morton ( Queanbeyan), FE: Bernie (O'Keeffe) O'Keefe ( C.B.C. ), HB: Noel Hill ( Thirroul), LK: Jack Quinn ( Gerringong), SR: Jack Perrin ( Queanbeyan), SR: Bruce Smith (25) ( Thirroul), PR: Billy Hodges ( Captain's Flat), HK: Bill Bolt ( C.B.C. ), PR: Austin Lawler ( C.B.C.). New Zealand Des White, Robert Edwards, Ron McKay, Cliff Harris, Bevan Hough, Cyril Eastlake, Jimmy Haig, Travers Hardwick, Frank Mulcare, Alister Atkinson, Bill McLennan, Bill Davidson, David Blanchard.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 56], "content_span": [57, 716]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069807-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 New Zealand rugby league tour of Australia, Matches\nNewcastle FB: Gwyn Madge (26) ( Kurri), WG: Ivor (Woolfe) Wolfe ( Lakes United), CE: Viv Madge (30) ( Kurri), CE: Ned Andrews (30) ( Souths), WG: Darcy Russell (23) ( Waratah Mayfield), FE: Warren Foley (18) ( Waratah Mayfield), HB: Bobby Banks (22) ( Centrals), LK: Frank Mayo (22) ( Wests), SR: Tom Anderson (23) ( Norths), SR: Gordon Harley (29) ( Maitland), PR: Doug Hawke (23) ( Norths), HK: Bill Hilliard (23) ( Kurri), PR: George Lawler (24) ( Maitland). The following were selected as reserves but did not play: Gus Shepherd ( Centrals). New Zealand FB: Roy Moore, WG: Bevan Hough, CE: Tommy Baxter, CE: Alan Riechelmann, WG: Bill McKenzie, FE: George Menzies, HB: Jack Russell-Green, LK: Bob Neilson, SR: Joe R\u0101tima, SR: Harvey Kreyl, PR: Bill McLennan, HK: Roy Roff, PR: Bob O'Donnell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 56], "content_span": [57, 852]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069807-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 New Zealand rugby league tour of Australia, Matches, 1st Test\nAustralia FB: Clive Churchill (25) ( South Sydney), WG: Noel Pidding (25) ( St George), CE: Noel Hazzard (27) (Bundaberg), CE: Rees Duncan (20) ( Kurri Kurri), WG: Denis Flannery (23) ( Ipswich Brothers), FE: Col Geelan (24) ( Newtown), HB: Keith Holman (24) ( Western Suburbs), LK: Albert Paul (24) ( Lakes United), SR: Brian Davies (21) ( Brisbane Brothers), SR: Ferris Ashton (24) ( Eastern Suburbs), PR: Charlie Gill (29) ( Newcastle Northen Suburbs), HK: Kevin Schubert (24) ( Manly-Warringah), PR: Jack Rooney (24) ( Toowoomba All Whites).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 66], "content_span": [67, 612]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069807-0006-0001", "contents": "1952 New Zealand rugby league tour of Australia, Matches, 1st Test\nThe following were selected as reserves but did not play: Col Donohoe (22) ( Eastern Suburbs), and Tom Tyrrell (24) ( Balmain). The following were selected but withdrew owing to injury: Harold (Mick) Crocker ( South Brisbane), Duncan Hall ( Toowoomba Newtown), Kevin Hansen ( Western Suburbs). New Zealand FB: Des White, WG: Robert Edwards, CE: Ron McKay, CE: Tommy Baxter, WG: Bill McKenzie, FE: Cyril Eastlake, HB: Jimmy Haig, LK: Travers Hardwick, SR: Frank Mulcare, SR: Alister Atkinson, PR: Bill McLennan, HK: Bill Davidson, PR: David Blanchard.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 66], "content_span": [67, 617]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069807-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 New Zealand rugby league tour of Australia, Matches, 1st Test\nNorthern NSW (Combined North Coast-Northern Division) FB: B. Hillier ( North Tamworth), WG: Tom Mills ( Singleton), CE: Norman Young ( West Tamworth), CE: Colin De Lore (Tuncurry), WG: Jim Daley (Bangalow), FE: Kevin (Haydon) Hayden (Kempsey CYM), HB: Carl Keogh ( Gunnedah), LK: A J. Edwards (Murwillumbah), SR: George Alaban (Macksville), SR: Kevin (McKiernan) McKeirnan (Kempsey CYM), PR: Noel Hall ( Grafton), HK: Alf Hardman ( Moree), PR: C. Schaeffer (Macksville). New Zealand FB: Des White, WG: Bevan Hough, CE: Cyril Eastlake, CE: Tommy Baxter, WG: Alister Atkinson, FE: George Menzies, HB: Jimmy Haig, LK: Travers Hardwick, SR: Harvey Kreyl, SR: Bob Neilson, PR: David Blanchard, HK: Roy Roff, PR: Bill McLennan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 66], "content_span": [67, 788]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069807-0008-0000", "contents": "1952 New Zealand rugby league tour of Australia, Matches, 1st Test\nQueensland FB: Nev Linde (27) ( Tivoli), WG: Des McGovern (24) ( Toowoomba All Whites), CE: Noel Hazzard (27) (Bundaberg), CE: Eric Webster ( Souths), WG: Denis Flannery (23) ( Ipswich Brothers), FE: Bob Banks (21) ( Toowoomba Newtown), HB: Cyril Connell Jr (22) ( Toowoomba Newtown), LK: Ron (Roy) Teys ( Toowoomba Valleys), SR: Roy Greenwood (Tully), SR: Brian Davies (21) ( Brisbane Brothers), PR: Jack Rooney (26) ( Brisbane Brothers), HK: Ron Griffiths (26) ( Ipswich CYM), PR: Gordon Teys ( Toowoomba Valleys).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 66], "content_span": [67, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069807-0008-0001", "contents": "1952 New Zealand rugby league tour of Australia, Matches, 1st Test\nThe following were selected but withdrew owing to injury: Rex McGlynn (Bundaberg), Duncan Hall (28) ( Toowoomba Newtown), Harold (Mick) Crocker (25) ( Souths). New Zealand FB: Des White, WG: Robert Edwards, CE: Ron McKay, CE: Tommy Baxter, WG: Bevan Hough, FE: George Menzies, HB: Jimmy Haig, LK: Travers Hardwick, SR: Frank Mulcare, SR: Alister Atkinson, PR: Bill McLennan, HK: Bill Davidson, PR: David Blanchard.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 66], "content_span": [67, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069807-0009-0000", "contents": "1952 New Zealand rugby league tour of Australia, Matches, 1st Test\nCentral Queensland FB: Norm Pope (20) ( Railways), WG: Leo Jeffcoat ( Brothers), CE: D. Watkins ( Norths), CE: B. Ford ( Brothers), WG: J (Paten) Paton ( Railways), FE: D. White ( Norths), HB: Duncan Jackson ( Norths), LK: Peter Robinson ( Norths), SR: Tony Brown ( Brothers), SR: Noel Joyce ( Brothers), PR: F. Bryson ( Brothers), HK: Vince Hage ( Norths), PR: D. Casey ( Railways). New Zealand FB: Roy Moore, WG: Robert Edwards, CE: Alan Riechelmann, CE: Tommy Baxter, WG: Bevan Hough, FE: Cyril Eastlake, HB: Jack Russell-Green, LK: Travers Hardwick, SR: Bob Neilson, SR: Joe R\u0101tima, PR: Harvey Kreyl, HK: Roy Roff, PR: Bob O'Donnell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 66], "content_span": [67, 704]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069807-0010-0000", "contents": "1952 New Zealand rugby league tour of Australia, Matches, 1st Test\nCentral West Queensland FB: Noel Webster ( Longreach), WG: Alan Deasy ( Longreach), CE: Mick Hauff ( Blackall), CE: Mick Irwin ( Blackall), WG: Bill (Chic) Buchester ( Blackall), FE: Leo Quigley ( Blackall), HB: Alf (Alby) O'Brien ( Winton), LK: George Lynn ( Winton), SR: Doug Davis ( Longreach), SR: Col Hauff ( Blackall), PR: Norm Elliott ( Winton), HK: Brian Jisberg ( Barcaldine), PR: Mick Turnbull ( Blackall). New Zealand FB: Roy Moore, WG: Alister Atkinson, CE: Alan Riechelmann, CE: Cyril Eastlake, WG: Bevan Hough, FE: George Menzies, HB: Jimmy Haig, LK: Frank Mulcare, SR: Joe R\u0101tima, SR: Bob Neilson, PR: Harvey Kreyl, HK: Roy Roff, PR: Bill McLennan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 66], "content_span": [67, 730]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069807-0011-0000", "contents": "1952 New Zealand rugby league tour of Australia, Matches, 1st Test\nNorth Queensland FB: Frank Gill ( Kangaroos), WG: A. Boundy ( Ivanhoes), CE: Frank Fahey (Ayr), CE: Dev Dines (Mareeba), WG: Norm Stokes (Ayr), FE: Neville Wilson (Charters Towers), HB: Ron O'Connell ( Brothers), LK: Trevor Whitehead (Herbert River), SR: Horrie Robertson (Herbert River), SR: Keith Geary (Souths), PR: E. Kratzman (Tully), HK: Kel O'Shea (18) (Ayr), PR: Ross Primrose (Mackay). New Zealand FB: Des White, WG: Robert Edwards, CE: Tommy Baxter, CE: Ron McKay, WG: Bevan Hough, FE: George Menzies, HB: Jack Russell-Green, LK: Travers Hardwick, SR: Alister Atkinson, SR: Frank Mulcare, PR: Bill McLennan, HK: Bill Davidson, PR: David Blanchard.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 66], "content_span": [67, 724]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069807-0012-0000", "contents": "1952 New Zealand rugby league tour of Australia, Matches, 1st Test\nToowoomba FB: Ken Cronin ( Valleys), WG: Sammy Hunter ( Souths), CE: Russell Brown ( Souths), CE: Athol Halpin ( All Whites), WG: Jim Allen ( All Whites), FE: Bob Banks ( Newtown), HB: Ken McCaffery ( Souths), LK: Ron (Roy) Teys ( Valleys), SR: Gordon Teys ( Valleys), SR: Bill Beardsworth ( Valleys), PR: Vince Soorley ( Newtown), HK: Kev Boshammer ( All Whites), PR: Neil Teys ( Valleys). New Zealand FB: Roy Moore, WG: Bill McKenzie, CE: Cyril Eastlake, CE: Alan Riechelmann, WG: Cliff Harris, FE: Ron McKay, HB: Jack Russell-Green, LK: Travers Hardwick, SR: Joe R\u0101tima, SR: Bob Neilson, PR: Bob O'Donnell, HK: Roy Roff, PR: Harvey Kreyl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 66], "content_span": [67, 708]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069807-0013-0000", "contents": "1952 New Zealand rugby league tour of Australia, Matches, 2nd Test\nAustralia FB: Clive Churchill ( South Sydney), WG: Denis Flannery ( Ipswich Brothers), CE: Noel Hazzard (Bundaberg), CE: Gordon Willoughby ( Manly-Warringah), WG: Noel Pidding ( St George), FE: Col Geelan ( Newtown), HB: Keith Holman ( Western Suburbs), LK: Albert Paul ( Lakes United), SR: Ferris Ashton ( Eastern Suburbs), SR: Brian Davies ( Brisbane Brothers), PR: Charlie Gill ( Newcastle Northen Suburbs), HK: Kevin Schubert ( Manly-Warringah), PR: Kevin Hansen ( Western Suburbs). New Zealand FB: Des White, WG: Cyril Eastlake, CE: Ron McKay, CE: Tommy Baxter, WG: Robert Edwards, FE: George Menzies, HB: Jimmy Haig, LK: Travers Hardwick, SR: Alister Atkinson, SR: Frank Mulcare, PR: David Blanchard, HK: Bill Davidson, PR: Bill McLennan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 66], "content_span": [67, 811]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069807-0014-0000", "contents": "1952 New Zealand rugby league tour of Australia, Matches, 3rd Test\nAustralia FB: Clive Churchill (25) ( South Sydney), WG: Des McGovern (24) ( Toowoomba All Whites), CE: Rees Duncan (20) ( Kurri Kurri), CE: Noel Hazzard (27) (Bundaberg), WG: Jack Lumsden (22) ( Manly-Warringah), FE: Col Geelan (24) ( Newtown), HB: Col Donohoe (24) ( Eastern Suburbs), LK: Harold (Mick) Crocker (24) ( South Brisbane), SR: Albert Paul (24) ( Lakes United), SR: Tom Tyrrell (24) ( Balmain), PR: Charlie Gill (29) ( Newcastle Northen Suburbs), HK: Kevin Schubert (24) ( Manly-Warringah), PR: Jack Rooney (26) ( Toowoomba All Whites)The following were selected as reserves but did not play: Tommy Ryan (22) ( St George), Roy Bull (22) ( Manly-Warringah). New Zealand FB: Des White, WG: Cyril Eastlake, CE: Tommy Baxter, CE: Ron McKay, WG: Robert Edwards, FE: George Menzies, HB: Jimmy Haig, LK: Travers Hardwick, SR: Alister Atkinson, SR: Frank Mulcare, PR: Bill McLennan, HK: Bill Davidson, PR: David Blanchard.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 66], "content_span": [67, 993]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069808-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Nigerien Territorial Assembly election\nTerritorial Assembly elections were held in Niger on 30 March 1952. The Union of Nigerien Independents and Sympathisers won 34 of the 35 seats in the Second College.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069808-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Nigerien Territorial Assembly election, Electoral system\nThe Territorial Assembly was elected using two colleges. The first college was restricted to French citizens and elected 15 members from three constituencies. The second college elected 35 members from seven constituencies, which were based on the seven regions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 61], "content_span": [62, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069809-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Nippon Professional Baseball season\nThe 1952 Nippon Professional Baseball season was the third season of operation of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069809-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Nippon Professional Baseball season, Postseason, Pacific League\nFor the first time, the Pacific League implemented a type of end-of-season playoff system. After the 108-game regular season, the four teams with the best winning percentages played an extra twelve regular season games to determine the league's champion. After the 108th game, the standings were:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 68], "content_span": [69, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069809-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Nippon Professional Baseball season, Postseason, Pacific League\nThe four qualifying teams were the Nankai Hawks, the Mainichi Orions, the Nishitetsu Lions, and the Daiei Stars. These four teams proceeded to play in a twelve game \"round-robin\" stage, with three games versus each opponent, in late September and early October. The results of this stage were:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 68], "content_span": [69, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069809-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Nippon Professional Baseball season, Postseason, Pacific League\nThe Mainichi Orions' won ten of the twelve extra games, which put them into a tie for the first place with the Nankai Hawks. Both teams had 75\u00a0wins, however the Hawks had one less loss than the Orions because of a game against the Daiei Stars that ended in a tie earlier in the season. Because of the impact the tie had on the pennant race, the Hawks and the Stars played an extra 121st game. The Hawks won the game, giving them sole claim to Pacific League title. After the season, this faux playoff system was scrapped because of criticism that it was unfair to the three non-qualifying teams that had their seasons truncated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 68], "content_span": [69, 697]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069810-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 North Antrim by-election\nThe 1952 North Antrim by-election was held on 27 October 1952. It was held due to the resignation of the incumbent Ulster Unionist MP, Sir Hugh O'Neill. The seat was retained by his son, Phelim O'Neill, who was unopposed as the Unionist candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069811-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 North Carolina Tar Heels football team\nThe 1952 North Carolina Tar Heels football team represented the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill during the 1952 college football season. The Tar Heels were led by tenth-year head coach Carl Snavely, and played their home games at Kenan Memorial Stadium. The team competed as a member of the Southern Conference for the last time, before North Carolina and six other schools broke off from the SoCon to form the Atlantic Coast Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 493]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069811-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 North Carolina Tar Heels football team\nAt the conclusion of the season, Snavely resigned as head coach after ten seasons. He posted a record of 59\u201335\u20135 while at UNC, retiring as the school's all-time winningest coach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069812-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 North Carolina gubernatorial election\nThe 1952 North Carolina gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1952. Democratic nominee William B. Umstead defeated Republican nominee Herbert F. \"Chub\" Seawell Jr. with 67.50% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069812-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 North Carolina gubernatorial election\nSeawell, an attorney, followed in the footsteps of his father, Herbert, Sr., who had lost the 1928 North Carolina gubernatorial election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069813-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 North Carolina lieutenant gubernatorial election\nThe 1952 North Carolina lieutenant gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1952. Democratic nominee Luther H. Hodges defeated Republican nominee Warren H. Pritchard with 67.67% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069814-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 North Dakota Fighting Sioux football team\nThe 1952 North Dakota Fighting Sioux football team, also known as the Nodaks, was an American football team that represented the University of North Dakota in the North Central Conference (NCC) during the 1952 college football season. In its third year under head coach Frank Zazula, the team compiled a 3\u20136 record (2\u20134 against NCC opponents), finished in sixth place out of seven teams in the NCC, and was outscored by a total of 224 to 131. The team played its home games at Memorial Stadium in Grand Forks, North Dakota.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 570]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069815-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 North Dakota State Bison football team\nThe 1952 North Dakota State Bison football team was an American football team that represented North Dakota State University during the 1952 college football season as a member of the North Central Conference. In their third year under head coach Mac Wenskunas, the team compiled a 5\u20134 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069816-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 North Dakota gubernatorial election\nThe 1952 North Dakota gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1952. Incumbent Republican Norman Brunsdale defeated Democratic nominee Ole C. Johnson with 78.74% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069817-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Northeast Louisiana State Indians football team\nThe 1952 Northeast Louisiana State Indians football team was an American football team that represented Northeast Louisiana State College (now known as the University of Louisiana at Monroe) as an independent during the 1952 college football season. In their eighteenth year under head coach James L. Malone, the team compiled a 5\u20134 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069818-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Northern Illinois State Huskies football team\nThe 1952 Northern Illinois State Huskies football team represented Northern Illinois State Teachers College in the 1952 college football season. There were no divisions of college football during this time period, and the Huskies competed in the Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference. They were led by2 4th-year head coach Chick Evans and played their home games at the 5,500 seat Glidden Field, located on the east end of campus.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069819-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Northwestern Wildcats football team\nThe 1952 Northwestern Wildcats team represented Northwestern University during the 1952 Big Ten Conference football season. In their sixth year under head coach Bob Voigts, the Wildcats compiled a 2-6-1 record (2\u20135 against Big Ten Conference opponents), finished in seventh place in the Big Ten, and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 252 to 166.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069820-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Norwegian Football Cup\nThe 1952 Norwegian Football Cup was the 47th season of the Norwegian annual knockout football tournament. The tournament was open for all members of NFF, except those from Northern Norway. The final was played at Ullevaal Stadion in Oslo on 26 October 1952, and was contested by Sparta and Solberg, who both made their first appearance in the cup final. Sparta secured their first title with a 3\u20132 win, having scored all five goals in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 473]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069821-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team\nThe 1952 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team represented the University of Notre Dame during the 1952 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069821-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team, Team players drafted into the NFL\nThe following players were drafted into professional football following the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 79], "content_span": [80, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069822-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Ohio Bobcats football team\nThe 1952 Ohio Bobcats football team was an American football team that represented Ohio University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1952 college football season. In their fourth season under head coach Carroll Widdoes, the Bobcats compiled a 6\u20132\u20131 record (5\u20132 against MAC opponents), finished in third place in the MAC, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 180 to 133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069822-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Ohio Bobcats football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Dick Phillips with 345 rushing yards, Bill Frederick with 845 passing yards, and Lou Sawchik with 472 receiving yards. Center Vince Costello was named to the Little All-America Team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069823-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Ohio State Buckeyes football team\nThe 1952 Ohio State Buckeyes football team represented the Ohio State University in the 1952 Big Ten Conference football season. The Buckeyes compiled a 6\u20133 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069824-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Ohio gubernatorial election\nThe 1952 Ohio gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1952. Incumbent Democrat Frank Lausche defeated Republican nominee Charles Phelps Taft II with 55.90% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069825-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Oklahoma A&M Cowboys football team\nThe 1952 Oklahoma A&M Cowboys football team represented Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechanical College (later renamed Oklahoma State University\u2013Stillwater) in the Missouri Valley Conference during the 1952 college football season. In their third season under head coach Jennings B. Whitworth, the Cowboys compiled a 3\u20137 record (2\u20132 against conference opponents), finished in third place in the conference, and were outscored by opponents by a combined total of 178 to 146.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 510]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069825-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Oklahoma A&M Cowboys football team\nOn offense, the 1952 team averaged 14.6 points scored, 130.9 rushing yards, and 100.3 passing yards per game. On defense, the team allowed an average of 17.8 points scored, 171.8 rushing yards and 122.6 passing yards per game. The team's statistical leaders included Ron Bennett with 393 rushing yards, Don Babers with 493 passing yards, and John Weigle with 314 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069825-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Oklahoma A&M Cowboys football team\nCenter F. A. Dry and tackle Lew Zeigler received first-team All-Missouri Valley Conference honors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069825-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Oklahoma A&M Cowboys football team\nThe team played its home games at Lewis Field in Stillwater, Oklahoma.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069826-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Oklahoma Sooners football team\nThe 1952 Oklahoma Sooners football team represented the University of Oklahoma in the 1952 college football season. It was the 58th season of play for the Sooners. Led by head coach Bud Wilkinson, the Sooners offense scored 407 points, while the defense allowed only 141.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069826-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Oklahoma Sooners football team, Postseason, NFL draft\nThe following players were drafted into the National Football League following the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 58], "content_span": [59, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069827-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Ole Miss Rebels football team\nThe 1952 Ole Miss Rebels football team represented the University of Mississippi during the 1952 college football season. The Rebels were led by sixth-year head coach Johnny Vaught and played their home games at Hemingway Stadium in Oxford, Mississippi. Ole Miss finished the regular season undefeated and on a six-game winning streak, including a victory over reigning Sugar Bowl champion and previously-undefeated Maryland. They were third in the  Southeastern Conference, with a record of 8\u20130\u20132 (4\u20130\u20132 SEC), and ranked 7th in the AP Poll. The Rebels were invited to their first ever Sugar Bowl, where they lost to SEC champion Georgia Tech.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 678]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069828-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Omloop Het Volk\nThe 1952 Omloop Het Volk was the eighth edition of the Omloop Het Volk cycle race and was held on 9 March 1952. The race started and finished in Ghent. The race was won by Ernest Sterckx.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069829-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Open Championship\nThe 1952 Open Championship was the 81st Open Championship, held 9\u201311 July at Royal Lytham & St Annes Golf Club in Lytham St Annes, England. This was the second Open at the course, its first was 26 years earlier in 1926.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069829-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Open Championship\nBobby Locke won the third of his four Claret Jugs at 287 (\u22121), one stroke ahead of runner-up Peter Thomson. This was the first of seven consecutive Opens in which Thomson, age 22, finished as champion or runner-up. Fred Daly, 1947 champion, led after each of the first three rounds, but concluded with 153 (+9) on the final day and finished third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069829-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Open Championship\nFor qualifying, 274 players entered compared to the 148 the previous year in Northern Ireland. Through an error, the initial entry did not include Antonio Cerd\u00e1, the prior year's runner-up. The Championship committee used its discretion to allow him a late entry. Qualifying took place on 7\u20138 July, Monday and Tuesday, with 18 holes at Royal Lytham & St Annes and 18 holes at adjacent Fairhaven. The number of qualifiers was limited to a maximum of 100, and ties for 100th place were not included. John Panton led at 134 with Harry Bradshaw next on 136. The qualifying score was 152 and 96 players advanced. Three former champions did not continue: Reg Whitcombe (1938) 154,  Alf Padgham (1936) 155, and Dick Burton (1939) 156.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 750]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069829-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Open Championship\nThe opening round on Wednesday had the lowest scoring, as Daly took the lead at 67, followed by Thomson (68), and Locke in third at 69. Daly widened his lead in the second round on Thursday with 69 for 136. Locke was four behind at 140, with Thomson a stroke behind in third. English amateur Jackie Jones was tied for fourth place, seven shots behind Daly. The maximum number of players making the cut after 36 holes remained at fifty, and ties for 50th place did not make the cut. The cut was at 151 (+7), and 46 players advanced.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069829-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Open Championship\nStronger winds arrived on Friday morning for the third round, but Daly still led with 213 after a 77. Locke had closed to one shot after a 74 and Thomson was four behind Locke at 218 (+2), despite going out of bounds at the second hole. Harry Bradshaw and Sam King came next on 219. Starting an hour before Daly, Locke began the final round that afternoon 3-4-3 and reached the turn in 34. Daly was out in 37 and a victory for Locke seemed likely.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069829-0004-0001", "contents": "1952 Open Championship\nHowever he finished with two fives and Daly still had a chance to catch him, but Daly took a six at the 15th; despite finishing 3-4-4, he ended up two shots behind. Thomson seemed to be out of contention after going out in 36, six shots behind Locke at the same stage. However, he came home in 34 with a birdie three at the last to take second place from Daly, one stroke behind Locke.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069829-0004-0002", "contents": "1952 Open Championship\nHenry Cotton had the best score on the final day (74-71=145), but had been thirteen behind Daly at 149 after the first two rounds and finished fourth. Jones partnered Locke on the final day and, despite rounds of 78 and 83, held onto the position of leading amateur, winning the silver medal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069829-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Open Championship\nOnly five Americans were in the field; the top finisher was Willie Goggin, in his first Open Championship at age 46, in a six-way tie for ninth. Gene Sarazen, the 1932 champion, tied for seventeenth at age 50.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069829-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 Open Championship, Round summaries, Final round\nSource:Amateurs: Jones (+16), Rawlinson (+18), Kyle (+19), De Lamaze (+20), Stranahan (+21), Morrell (+26)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 52], "content_span": [53, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069830-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Orange Bowl\nThe 1952 Orange Bowl was a college football postseason bowl game between the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets and the Baylor Bears.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069830-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Orange Bowl, Background\nGeorgia Tech was co-champion of the Southeastern Conference with #1 Tennessee. Baylor finished 2nd in the Southwest Conference. This was Georgia Tech's first Orange Bowl since 1948, and Baylor's first ever Orange Bowl. Originally, the #13 Virginia Cavaliers had been invited to play Georgia Tech in what would have been the Cavaliers' first-ever bowl game. However, University president Colgate Darden declined the offer due to his desire to steer clear of \"big-time, highly subsidized football.\" Virginia would not have its first bowl appearance until 1984.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 28], "content_span": [29, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069830-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Orange Bowl, Background, Controversy\nDuring the 1951 season, the football team of the University of San Francisco, nicknamed the Dons, went undefeated (9\u20130) and were ranked 14th in the final AP Poll. Accounts from players on the team state that the Dons were denied an invitation to the Orange Bowl because they refused to play without their two African-American star players, Ollie Matson and Burl Toler.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 41], "content_span": [42, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069830-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Orange Bowl, Background, Controversy\nOrganizers of the Orange Bowl stated in 2016, \"All our research shows it\u2019s a false story, unsubstantiated. We invited two higher ranked teams.\" Contemporary newspaper reports at the time bowl selections were being made (late November 1951) cited the Dons' \"weak schedule\" as the reason why the Orange Bowl did not invite them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 41], "content_span": [42, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069830-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Orange Bowl, Game summary\nHardeman scored on a 3-yard run to give the Yellow Jackets a 7-0 lead. Parma tied the game on a 1-yard touchdown plunge for Baylor. Coody gave the team a 14-7 lead on his touchdown run. This lead held up for most of the second half. However, with 6:53 remaining in the game the Yellow Jackets tied the game on a 22-yard touchdown pass from Darrell Crawford to Buck Martin. Three minutes later, a Pete Ferris interception of a Larry Isbell pass gave Georgia Tech the ball at the 9. The team could only muster three yards before fourth down came up, with Dodd deciding to go for the field goal. Pepper Rodgers' 22 yard field goal broke the tie and ultimately was the winning points for the Yellow Jackets.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 30], "content_span": [31, 734]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069830-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Orange Bowl, Aftermath\nBaylor has not reached the Orange Bowl since this game. Georgia Tech did not reach the Orange Bowl again until 1967.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 27], "content_span": [28, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069831-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Oregon State Beavers baseball team\nThe 1952 Oregon State Beavers baseball team represented Oregon State College in the 1952 NCAA baseball season. The Beavers played their home games at Coleman Field. The team was coached by Ralph Coleman in his 21st year at Oregon State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069831-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Oregon State Beavers baseball team\nThe Beavers won the District VIII playoff to advanced to the College World Series, where they were defeated by the Texas Longhorns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069832-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Oregon State Beavers football team\nThe 1952 Oregon State Beavers football team represented Oregon State College in the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) during the 1952 college football season. In their fourth season under head coach Kip Taylor, the Beavers compiled a 2\u20137 record (1\u20136 in PCC, last), and were outscored 267\u00a0to\u00a0123.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069832-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Oregon State Beavers football team\nThe team played its home games at Multnomah Stadium in Portland, with one on campus at Bell Field in Corvallis, a 27\u20136 homecoming loss to Idaho in the last varsity game at the venue.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069833-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Oregon Webfoots football team\nThe 1952 Oregon Webfoots football team represented the University of Oregon in the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) during the 1952 college football season. In their second season under head coach Len Casanova, the Webfoots compiled a 2\u20137\u20131 record (2\u20135 against PCC opponents), finished in a tie for sixth place in the PCC, and were outscored by their opponents, 234 to 112. The team played its home games at Hayward Field in Eugene, Oregon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 473]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069834-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Orissa Legislative Assembly election\nElections to the Odisha Legislative Assembly were held on March 27, 1952. This election was officially known as the 1951 Odisha Legislative Assembly election, even though through delays, actual voting didn't take place until early 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069834-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Orissa Legislative Assembly election, Political parties\n6 National parties along with All India Ganatantra Parishad and 3 registered unrecognized parties took part in the assembly election. Indian National Congress emerged as the single largest party while All India Gantantra Parishad emerged as the main opponent to the Congress party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 60], "content_span": [61, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069834-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Orissa Legislative Assembly election, Government Formation\nIn these elections, Congress emerged as the largest party, but did not get majority to form the government. Nabakrushna Choudhuri of the Congress party became the first Chief Minister of Odisha, after a series of re-alignments among independents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 63], "content_span": [64, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069835-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Orsz\u00e1gos Bajnoks\u00e1g I (men's water polo)\n1952 Orsz\u00e1gos Bajnoks\u00e1g I (men's water polo) was the 46th water polo championship in Hungary. There were ten teams who played one-round match for the title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069835-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Orsz\u00e1gos Bajnoks\u00e1g I (men's water polo), Final list\n* M: Matches W: Win D: Drawn L: Lost G+: Goals earned G-: Goals got P: Point", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 56], "content_span": [57, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069835-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Orsz\u00e1gos Bajnoks\u00e1g I (men's water polo), 2. Class\nQualification-Relegation play-offs: 1. Vasas Izz\u00f3 11, 2. Szegedi D\u00f3zsa 10, 3. Vasas Csepel Aut\u00f3 9, 4. Miskolci B\u00e1stya 6, 5. Gy\u0151ri Vasas 2, 6. Sz\u00e9kesfeh\u00e9rv\u00e1ri D\u00f3zsa 2, 7. Tolnai V\u00f6r\u00f6s Lobog\u00f3 2 point.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069835-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Orsz\u00e1gos Bajnoks\u00e1g I (men's water polo), 2. Class\nBudapest: 1. Vasas Izz\u00f3 27, 2. Csepeli Vasas 27, 3. Bp. El\u0151re 20, 4. Vasas M\u00c1VAG 20, 5. Vasas Beloiannisz-gy\u00e1r 20, 6. III. ker. V\u00f6r\u00f6s Lobog\u00f3 15, 7. El\u0151re M\u00c1VAUT 8, 8. Bp. Szikra 7, 9. Bp. \u00c9p\u00edt\u0151k 0 point.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069836-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Ottawa Rough Riders season\nThe 1952 Ottawa Rough Riders finished in 3rd place in the IRFU with a 5\u20137 record and failed to qualify for the playoffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069837-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Ottawa municipal election\nThe city of Ottawa, Canada held municipal elections on December 1, 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069838-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 PGA Championship\nThe 1952 PGA Championship was the 34th PGA Championship, held June 18\u201325 at Big Spring Country Club in Louisville, Kentucky. Jim Turnesa won the match play championship, 1 up over Chick Harbert in the Wednesday final; the winner's share was $3,500 and the runner-up's was $1,500.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069838-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 PGA Championship\nIt was Turnesa's only major title; he had lost the final in 1942 to Sam Snead. It was the second loss for Harbert in the final, he lost to Jim Ferrier in 1947, but won the title in his third finals appearance in 1954. Turnesa did not lead through the first 35 holes, but won on the final green when Harbert bogeyed. Turnesa displaced Snead as the oldest PGA champion to date, at 39 years and six months. He was later passed by Jerry Barber at 45 in 1961 and Julius Boros in 1968 at age 48.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069838-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 PGA Championship\nBattling an ailing back, defending champion Snead lost in the first round to Lew Worsham, who had defeated him in a playoff five years earlier at the 1947 U.S. Open. Heavy rains washed out play on Saturday and the completion of the third round was delayed until Sunday, and very hot temperatures endured through the final rounds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069838-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 PGA Championship\nThe U.S. Open was played the preceding week, in Dallas, Texas, won by Boros. He was not technically eligible to play in the PGA Championship, because the rules at the time stated that eligibility was after five years of PGA membership and Boros only had three. Following his win at the U.S. Open, Boros was invited to play by the PGA executive committee, but sensing resentment and dissension among some of the other participants, he withdrew prior to his start time of the two-day qualifier on Wednesday.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069838-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 PGA Championship\nDutch Harrison was the medalist in the stroke-play qualifying with a 136 (\u22128) to win $250, but lost in the first round to Marty Furgol.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069838-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 PGA Championship\nTurnesa's older brother Joe (1901\u20131991) was the runner-up in this championship a quarter century earlier in 1927, when Walter Hagen won his fourth consecutive, 1 up, and fifth overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069838-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 PGA Championship\nThis was the first major championship played in Kentucky. The PGA Championship returned to the state 44 years later in 1996, at Valhalla Golf Club east of Louisville. Valhalla also hosted just four years later in 2000 and in 2014.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069838-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 PGA Championship, Format\nThe match play format at the PGA Championship in 1952 called for 12 rounds (216 holes) in seven days:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 29], "content_span": [30, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069838-0008-0000", "contents": "1952 PGA Championship, Format\nHeavy rains on Saturday postponed the third round until Sunday; the final was played on Wednesday, June 25.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 29], "content_span": [30, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069839-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Pacific Tigers football team\nThe 1952 Pacific Tigers football team represented the College of the Pacific during the 1952 college football season. Pacific played home games in Pacific Memorial Stadium in Stockton, California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069839-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Pacific Tigers football team\nPacific competed as an independent in 1952. In their second season under head coach Ernie Jorge, the Tigers finished the regular season with a record of six wins, three losses and one tie (6\u20133\u20131). At the end of the season, Pacific was invited to a New Years Day bowl game for the second consecutive year. On January 1, 1953 they played Mississippi Southern in the Sun Bowl, winning 26\u20137. That brought their record to seven wins, three losses and one tie (7\u20133\u20131). For the season they outscored their opponents 310\u2013166.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069839-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Pacific Tigers football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo College of the Pacific players were selected in the 1953 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069840-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Pacific hurricane season\nThe 1952 Pacific hurricane season ran through the summer and fall of 1952. Of the seven known tropical cyclones, all remained at sea.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069840-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm One\nTropical Storm One existed from May 29 to May 31.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 58], "content_span": [59, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069840-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Two\nTropical Storm Two existed from June 12 to June 16.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 58], "content_span": [59, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069840-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Three\nTropical Storm Three existed from July 19 to July 21.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069840-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Five\nA hurricane developed on September 15 southwest of Baja California and dissipated seven days later. Moisture from Five produced 2\u00a0in (51\u00a0mm) of rainfall in the deserts and mountains of central and southern California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 54], "content_span": [55, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069840-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Six\nTropical Storm Six existed from September 26 to September 28.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 58], "content_span": [59, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069841-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Pacific typhoon season\nThe 1952 Pacific typhoon season had no official bounds, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069841-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Pacific typhoon season\nThe scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean, north of the equator and west of the international date line. Storms that form east of the date line and north of the equator are called hurricanes; see 1952 Pacific hurricane season. Tropical Storms formed in the entire west Pacific basin were assigned a name by the Fleet Weather Center on Guam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069841-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Charlotte\nTyphoon Charlotte formed on June 10, near the Philippines. It then strengthened and made landfall as a minimal typhoon near Hong Kong before dissipating on June 15.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 55], "content_span": [56, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069841-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Dinah\nOn June 23, Dinah struck to the west of the Kanto Region in Japan. 65\u00a0people were killed and 70 were missing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069841-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Emma\nTyphoon Emma hit the Philippines and South China, especially Hainan Island.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069841-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Trix\nTyphoon Trix struck the Philippines as a Category 3 typhoon. It struck the Bicol region, killing 995\u00a0people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069841-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Vae\nAfter striking Vietnam, Vae crossed over to the North Indian Ocean before dissipating.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 49], "content_span": [50, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069841-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Wilma\nOn October 26, ten people were lost when a USAF WB-29 disappeared during a flight into Super Typhoon Wilma.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069842-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Palanca Awards\nThe Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature winners in the year 1952 (rank, title of winning entry, name of author).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069843-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Panamanian general election\nThe Republic of Panama held a general election on 11 May 1952, electing both a new President of the Republic and a new National Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069843-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Panamanian general election\nA temporary shift in power from the civilian aristocracy to the National Police occurred immediately after World War II. Between 1948 and 1952, National Police Commander Jos\u00e9 Antonio Rem\u00f3n Cantera installed and removed presidents with unencumbered ease. Rem\u00f3n increased salaries and fringe benefits for his forces and modernized training methods and equipment; in effect, he transformed the National Police from a police into a paramilitary force. From several existing parties and factions, Jos\u00e9 Antonio Rem\u00f3n Cantera also organized the National Patriotic Coalition (CPN). He ran successfully as its candidate for the presidency in 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 671]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069843-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Panamanian general election, Aftermath\nRem\u00f3n followed national tradition by enriching himself through political office. He broke with tradition, however, by promoting social reform and economic development. His agricultural and industrial programs temporarily reduced the country's overwhelming economic dependence on the canal and the zone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069843-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Panamanian general election, Aftermath\nThe 1953 electoral reform law in effect reduced the field of political parties to lineal descendants of the old Liberals and Conservatives. The government had required parties to enroll 45,000 members to receive official recognition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069843-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Panamanian general election, Aftermath\nRem\u00f3n's reformist regime was short-lived, however. On 2 January 1955 he was machine-gunned to death at the racetrack outside Panama City. On 14 January the First Vice-President, Jos\u00e9 Ram\u00f3n Guizado, was impeached for the crime and jailed, but he was never tried, and the motivation for his alleged act remained unclear. Some investigators believed that the impeachment of Guizado was a smokescreen to distract attention from others implicated in the assassination, including United States organized crime figure Lucky Luciano, dissident police officers, and both Arias families. The Second Vice-President, Ricardo Arias Espinosa (of the aristocratic Arias family), served out the remainder of the presidential term and dismantled many of Rem\u00f3n's reforms.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 797]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069844-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Panamerican Championship\nThe 1952 Panamerican Championship was the first edition of the Panamerican Championship, the first attempt to join national teams from North, Central and South America. Organised by the Panamerican Football Confederation, this first edition was held in Santiago, Chile, between March 16 and April 20, in 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069844-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Panamerican Championship\nThe competition, contested by 6 teams, was played in a round-robin format, and won by Brazil. All the matches were played at Estadio Nacional.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069844-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Panamerican Championship, Goalscorers\nThere were 72 goals scored in 15 matches, for an average of 4.8 goals per match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 42], "content_span": [43, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069845-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Paraguayan Primera Divisi\u00f3n season\nThe 1952 season of the Paraguayan Primera Divisi\u00f3n, the top category of Paraguayan football, was played by 11 teams. The national champions were Presidente Hayes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069846-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Paris\u2013Nice\nThe 1952 Paris\u2013Nice was the tenth edition of the Paris\u2013Nice cycle race and was held from 25 March to 30 March 1952. The race started in Paris and finished in Nice. The race was won by Louison Bobet.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069847-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Paris\u2013Roubaix\nThe 1952 Paris\u2013Roubaix was the 50th\u00a0edition of the Paris\u2013Roubaix, a classic one-day cycle race in France. The single day event was held on 13 April 1952 and stretched 245\u00a0km (152\u00a0mi) from Paris to the finish at Roubaix Velodrome. The winner was Rik Van Steenbergen from Belgium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069848-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Paris\u2013Tours\nThe 1952 Paris\u2013Tours was the 46th edition of the Paris\u2013Tours cycle race and was held on 5 October 1952. The race started in Paris and finished in Tours. The race was won by Raymond Guegan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069849-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Patiala and East Punjab States Union Legislative Assembly election\nElections to the Patiala and East Punjab States Union Legislative Assembly were held on 27 March 1952. 374 candidates competed for the 50 constituencies in the Assembly. There were 10 two-member constituencies and 40 single-member constituencies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [71, 71], "content_span": [72, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069849-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Patiala and East Punjab States Union Legislative Assembly election, Results\nGovernment Formation (United Democratic Front)After the elections, Congress party emerged as the single largest party, but in the absence of majority, Gian Singh Rarewala formed the government with the support of Akali Dal, Communist Party of India, Lal Communist Party Hind Union, Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party and Independents on 22 April 1952. The coalition was named as United Democratic Front. Thus, he became the first non-Congress Chief Minister of any state in independent India.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 80], "content_span": [81, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069850-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Pau Grand Prix\nThe 1952 Pau Grand Prix was a Formula Two motor race held on 14 April 1952 at the Pau circuit, in Pau, Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es-Atlantiques, France. The Grand Prix served as the first round of the French Formula Two Championship and was won by Alberto Ascari, driving the Ferrari 500. Louis Rosier finished second and Jean Behra third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069851-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Penn Quakers football team\nThe 1952 Penn Quakers football team represented the University of Pennsylvania during the 1952 college football season. In George Munger's 14th season as head coach, the Quakers compiled a 4\u20133\u20131 record, and outscored their opponents 122 to 107. They achieved a 1\u20130\u20131 record against ranked teams, knocking off top-ten Princeton and tying a Notre Dame team that would finish ranked third nationally.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069852-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Penn State Nittany Lions baseball team\nThe 1952 Penn State Nittany Lions baseball team represented Pennsylvania State University in the 1952 NCAA baseball season. The head coach was Joe Bedenk, serving his 22nd year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069852-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Penn State Nittany Lions baseball team\nThe Nittany Lions lost in the College World Series, defeated by the Holy Cross.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069853-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Penn State Nittany Lions football team\nThe 1952 Penn State Nittany Lions football team represented the Pennsylvania State University in the 1952 college football season. The team was coached by Rip Engle and played its home games in New Beaver Field in State College, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069854-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Pepperdine Waves football team\nThe 1952 Pepperdine Waves football team represented George Pepperdine College as a member of the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA) during the 1952 college football season. The team was led by second-year head coach Duck Dowell and played home games at El Camino Stadium on the campus of El Camino College in Torrance, California. They finished the season with an overall record of 2\u20137 and a mark of 0\u20134 in conference play, placing last out of five teams in the CCAA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069855-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Peruvian Primera Divisi\u00f3n\nThe 1952 season of the Primera Divisi\u00f3n Peruana, the top category of Peruvian football, was played by 10 teams. The national champions were Alianza Lima.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069856-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Philadelphia Athletics season\nThe 1952 Philadelphia Athletics season saw the A's finish fourth in the American League with a record of 79 wins and 75 losses. They finished 16 games behind the eventual World Series Champion New York Yankees. The Athletics' 1952 campaign would be their final winning season in Philadelphia; it would also be their only winning season of the 1950s. The Athletics would have to wait until 1968, their first season in Oakland, for their next winning record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069856-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Philadelphia Athletics season, Regular season\nThe Athletics improved 9 games from their 70\u201384 record in 1951 and improved to 4th in the American League. A Most Valuable Player season was turned in by left-handed pitcher Bobby Shantz and the A.L. batting championship was won by Ferris Fain with a .320 batting average.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 50], "content_span": [51, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069856-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Philadelphia Athletics season, Regular season\nGus Zernial hit 29 home runs and drove in 100 RBI while Eddie Joost chipped in 20 HRS and 75 RBI. However, outside Bobby Shantz, who went 24\u20137, their best pitcher record-wise was Harry Byrd, with a 15\u201315 record. They finished 16 games behind the New York Yankees. This would also be the last time that the Athletics would finish with a winning record until 1968, when the team began playing in Oakland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 50], "content_span": [51, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069856-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 79], "content_span": [80, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069856-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 72], "content_span": [73, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069856-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 77], "content_span": [78, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069856-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 74], "content_span": [75, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069856-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 75], "content_span": [76, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069857-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Philadelphia Eagles season\nThe 1952 Philadelphia Eagles season was their 20th in the league. The team improved on their previous output of 4\u20138, winning seven games. The team failed to qualify for the playoffs for the third consecutive season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069857-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Philadelphia Eagles season, Off season\nHead coach Wayne Millner took over, for ailing head coach Bo McMillin in 1951, would resign on September 8, 3 weeks before the 1952 season started, citing health as the reason for stepping down.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069857-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Philadelphia Eagles season, Off season, NFL Draft\nThe 1952 NFL Draft was held on January 17, 1952. Picks made by New York Yanks were assigned to the new Dallas Texans franchise. There were 12 teams picking for 32 rounds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 54], "content_span": [55, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069857-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Philadelphia Eagles season, Off season, NFL Draft\nThe Eagles made the 4th pick in each round and made 31 picks in the 32 rounds they had picks in. The New York Yanks had the Eagles pick in the 5th round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 54], "content_span": [55, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069857-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Philadelphia Eagles season, Off season, NFL Draft\nThe Los Angeles Rams received this year's lottery bonus pick. The Rams used it to pick Bill Wade a quarterback out of Vanderbilt University. The Eagles used their number-4 pick in the 1st round to take Johnny Bright a back of Drake University. Johnny Bright, was chosen before fellow backs and future NFL Pro Football Hall of Fame members Frank Gifford from University of Southern California and Hugh McElhenny out of University of Washington, passed up playing for the Eagles. Bright later commented:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 54], "content_span": [55, 556]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069857-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Philadelphia Eagles season, Off season, NFL Draft\nI would have been their (the Eagles') first Negro player. There was a tremendous influx of Southern players into the NFL at that time, and I didn't know what kind of treatment I could expect.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 54], "content_span": [55, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069857-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 Philadelphia Eagles season, Off season, Player selections\nThe table shows the Eagles selections and what picks they had that were traded away and the team that ended up with that pick. It is possible the Eagles' pick ended up with this team via another team that the Eagles made a trade with. Not shown are acquired picks that the Eagles traded away.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 62], "content_span": [63, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069857-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 Philadelphia Eagles season, Game recaps, Week 5 at New York Giants\nat Polo Grounds, Upper Manhattan, New York City, New York", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 71], "content_span": [72, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069857-0008-0000", "contents": "1952 Philadelphia Eagles season, Game recaps, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 55], "content_span": [56, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069857-0009-0000", "contents": "1952 Philadelphia Eagles season, Playoffs\nWith a record of 7\u20135, the Eagles fall one game back of Cleveland and failed to make the playoffs. The Detroit Lions and Los Angeles Rams would tie for the National Division title and had to play a Division Championship game before meeting Cleveland in the 1952 NFL Championship Game", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 41], "content_span": [42, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069857-0010-0000", "contents": "1952 Philadelphia Eagles season, Roster\n(All time List of Philadelphia Eagles players in franchise history)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 39], "content_span": [40, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069857-0011-0000", "contents": "1952 Philadelphia Eagles season, Postseason\nAt the end of the season, Bud Grant was offered a pay raise in his contract. He chose to play football in the CFL(Canadian Football League) instead. He had a career worthy of being named to the CFL's Hall of Fame as a player. Later on he made the Pro Football Hall of Fame as coach of the Minnesota Vikings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069858-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Philadelphia Phillies season, Offseason\nIn March 1952, during spring training, shortstop Granny Hamner was named captain of the team by manager Eddie Sawyer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 44], "content_span": [45, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069858-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 78], "content_span": [79, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069858-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 71], "content_span": [72, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069858-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 76], "content_span": [77, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069858-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069858-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 74], "content_span": [75, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069859-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Pittsburgh Panthers football team\nThe 1952 Pittsburgh Panthers football team represented the University of Pittsburgh in the 1952 college football season. The team compiled a 6\u20133 record under head coach Red Dawson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069860-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Pittsburgh Pirates season\nThe 1952 Pittsburgh Pirates season was the team's 71st season in Major League Baseball, and their 66th season in the National League. The Pirates posted a record of 42 wins and 112 losses, their worst record since 1890, and one of the worst in major league history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069860-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Offseason\nThe Pirates were led in 1952 by 70-year-old general manager Branch Rickey and 60-year-old manager Billy Meyer. Meyer had led Pittsburgh to a last-place finish in the National League in 1950. After Rickey was installed as general manager, the Pirates were second-to-last in 1951. Tension was high as the two-year contract of their star slugger, Ralph Kiner, expired before the 1952 season. Kiner was the premier power hitter in baseball, having won the previous six National League home run titles. Rickey voiced what he viewed as inconsistent levels of commitment by Kiner when talking to the media.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 641]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069860-0001-0001", "contents": "1952 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Offseason\nKiner received permission to instead negotiate directly with owner John W. Galbreath and agreed to a reported one-year, $90,000 contract, making him the highest-paid player in the National League. Kiner was signed, but the most famous Pirate of all, 78-year-old Hall of Fame member Honus Wagner, decided to retire from his part-time coaching duties with the team. His number was retired, and he was given a lifetime pass to Forbes Field.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069860-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Offseason\nRickey wanted to hold a tryout for dozens of kids from the low minor league levels, and his plan was largely supported by Bing Crosby and the rest of the team's ownership. Rickey hired his former scout and coach Clyde Sukeforth, who had scouted Jackie Robinson for Rickey in the 1940s. Several top young prospects, like Vern Law and Danny O'Connell, were called to military service for the Korean War, and the more experienced Danny Murtaugh retired to accept a minor league managing position. Expectations were high for 23-year-old outfielder Gus Bell to support Kiner in the lineup. Murry Dickson, who had won 21 games in 1951, nearly a third of the entire team's win total, was once again expected to be the anchor of the pitching rotation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 785]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069860-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Regular season, Season summary, A season to forget\nThe Pirates struggled throughout spring training in 1952. Gus Bell missed training time due to family-related car problems and illness and was sent to the minor leagues. Towards the end of spring training, pitcher Bill Werle was suspended indefinitely and fined $500, only the third player fined in over two decades of Billy Meyer's managing career. Werle professed his innocence and was reinstated before Opening Day but he was traded to the St. Louis Cardinals two weeks later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 82], "content_span": [83, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069860-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Regular season, Season summary, A season to forget\nThirteen rookies made the Pirates' Opening Day roster, including four teenagers: Bobby Del Greco, Tony Bartirome, Jim Waugh and Lee Walls. After four games, Pittsburgh's record was 2\u20132 but they quickly tumbled to the bottom of the majors by losing 16 of their next 17 games. The early two-game winning streak matched the longest they would see all year. Their top three pitchers combined to win just one of their first nine games started. Kiner's hitting was affected by the lack of support as well as back problems and his batting average was under .220 several weeks into the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 82], "content_span": [83, 668]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069860-0004-0001", "contents": "1952 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Regular season, Season summary, A season to forget\nKiner's difficulties and a club earned run average over five resulted in a 5\u201328 record in mid-May. Gus Bell returned from the minors on May 12 and hit for some power but Kiner hit only .241 with 13 home runs and 31 RBIs in the first half which ended with Pittsburgh at 21\u201359. 21-year-old Dick Groat was one of the Pirates' few bright spots in the first half with four hits in his first three games, but others went into long slumps like Jack Merson's 0-for-35, Clyde McCullough's 0-for-24 and Tony Bartirome's 0-for-29.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 82], "content_span": [83, 602]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069860-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Regular season, Season summary, A season to forget\nThe second half soon resembled the first with a 2\u201311 stretch in mid-July. They were mathematically eliminated from pennant contention on August 6 with more than six weeks left to play. In early August, Pittsburgh called up 20-year-old pitcher Ron Necciai from the minors. Necciai had pitched a legendary 27-strikeout game in the minors but gave up five runs in his first inning in the majors. Necciai not only finished the season with poor numbers but also injured his arm and never again pitched in the majors. Branch Rickey's youth movement, derided as \"Operation Peach Fuzz\", continued unabated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 82], "content_span": [83, 681]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069860-0005-0001", "contents": "1952 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Regular season, Season summary, A season to forget\nOn August 20, the average age of Pittsburgh's starting lineup was only 23 with Kiner and Garagiola being the only non-rookies. On September 5, pitcher Bill Bell made his major league debut at age 18. Including Bell, seven of the eight youngest players in the National League in 1952 were Pittsburgh Pirates. The \"Rickey Dinks\", as they were sometimes called, were not only young but small. In one game, the entire infield was less than six feet tall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 82], "content_span": [83, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069860-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Regular season, Season summary, A season to forget\nThe Pirates difficulties reached off the field as well. Ralph Kiner, enduring his worst season to-date, received a death threat in an attempt to extort $6,200. Rather than pay, he contacted the authorities and was kept under guard for a time. Financially, Pittsburgh's attendance was the lowest since World War II, falling more than 30% short of the one million budgeted. Branch Rickey sometimes saved money by sending only 21 players on road trips. The final losses for the franchise, including minor leagues and bonuses, were $800,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 82], "content_span": [83, 620]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069860-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Regular season, Season summary, A season to forget\nBilly Meyer resigned as manager on September 27, the second-to-last day of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 82], "content_span": [83, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069860-0008-0000", "contents": "1952 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Regular season, Season summary, Final results\nWhen the season mercifully ended, Pittsburgh's final record was 42\u2013112. The winning percentage and number of losses were the worst for the franchise since the 1890 season (which was greatly affected by the inclusion of the Players' League) and the worst for any franchise since the 1935 Boston Braves. Since 1952, the only non-expansion team to finish worse has been the 2003 Detroit Tigers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 77], "content_span": [78, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069860-0009-0000", "contents": "1952 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Regular season, Season summary, Final results\nA few individuals came away with positive notes. A late-season home run surge by Ralph Kiner brought him his seventh consecutive home run championship (he finished tied with Hank Sauer with 37 on the year). It was also his last. Dick Groat finished at .284 and was third in National League Rookie of the Year voting. Joe Garagiola logged the most playing time of his career and hit .273 with a career-high 54 RBIs, third most on the team behind only Kiner and Gus Bell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 77], "content_span": [78, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069860-0010-0000", "contents": "1952 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Regular season, Season summary, Final results\nOn the flipside, teenagers Tony Bartirome and Bobby Del Greco were regulars but neither hit over .220. Seven other players had at least 40 at-bats but hit under .200. Kiner's home run total (37) was more than the next four highest on the team combined (16, 8, 7, 5). As a team, Pittsburgh was last in the National League in runs, hits, doubles, triples, home runs, RBIs, batting average, slugging percentage, complete games, ERA, walks allowed, home runs allowed, fielding percentage and errors committed. Murry Dickson, who won 21 games in 1951, lost 20 games in 1952, going 14\u201320. Only three other pitchers won more than two games. The pitching staff walked 615 opposing batters while striking out only 564, with 16 different players starting a game during the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 77], "content_span": [78, 848]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069860-0011-0000", "contents": "1952 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Regular season, Season summary, Final results\nAmong their young players, only Jim Waugh \u2013 the youngest \u2013 played in the majors again before 1955. Waugh played in 1953, his last year; Ron Necciai and Tony Bartirome never played in the majors after 1952; Bill Bell pitched one inning in 1955, his last; and Bobby Del Greco, Lee Walls and Ron Kline had longer careers but not until several years later. Dick Groat and pitcher Bob Friend were the only players to endure the 1952 season who also played with the 1960 World Series champion Pirates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 77], "content_span": [78, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069860-0012-0000", "contents": "1952 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Regular season, Season summary, Anecdotes, etc.\nThe failure of the 1952 Pirates was the source of several anecdotes and side-stories. Pittsburgh Press writer Len Biederman recalled an earlier humorous practice by giving Dick Groat a dime while he was in an 0-for-19 slump. When Groat broke out of the slump with a 5-for-5 game, Biederman gave Kiner a quarter with similar positive results so Biederman continued giving coins to various Pirates. Joe Garagiola, the regular catcher for the 1952 Pirates, frequently used the team's struggles in his later career as a baseball sportscaster with lines like, \"They talk about Pearl Harbor being something; they should have seen the 1952 Pittsburgh Pirates\" and \"In an eight-team league, we should've finished ninth.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 79], "content_span": [80, 792]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069860-0013-0000", "contents": "1952 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 75], "content_span": [76, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069860-0014-0000", "contents": "1952 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 68], "content_span": [69, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069860-0015-0000", "contents": "1952 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069860-0016-0000", "contents": "1952 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069860-0017-0000", "contents": "1952 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 71], "content_span": [72, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069861-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Pittsburgh Steelers season\nThe 1952 Pittsburgh Steelers season was the franchise's 20th in the National Football League they finished the season with a 5\u20137 record under head coach Joe Bach, who returned to the organization replacing John Michelosen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069861-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Pittsburgh Steelers season\nThe season was notable in that it was the last year the Steelers used the single-wing formation on offense, switching to the T formation the following year. The Steelers were the last NFL team to use the single-wing as their primary offensive formation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069861-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Pittsburgh Steelers season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 10 (Sunday November 30, 1952): New York Giants\nNotes: Tom Landry was brought in as a 3rd string quarterback for New York to complete the game for the entire 2nd half.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 116], "content_span": [117, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069861-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Pittsburgh Steelers season, Regular season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 58], "content_span": [59, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069862-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Polish legislative election\nParliamentary elections were held in Poland on 26 October 1952. They were the first elections to the Sejm, the parliament of the Polish People's Republic. The official rules for the elections were outlined in the new Constitution of the Polish People's Republic and lesser acts. The Front of National Unity received 99.8% of the vote and won every seat in the Sejm, a result that was to be repeated in parliamentary elections until 1989.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069862-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Polish legislative election, Background\nThe communists had spent the five years since winning the rigged 1947 elections tightening their grip on the country. A little more than a year after the election, what remained of the Polish Socialist Party (PPS), nominally a partner in the communist-dominated \"coalition,\" merged with the communist Polish Workers' Party (PPR) to form the Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR). However, the merger was concluded almost entirely on PPR terms and by this time the PPS was largely subservient to the PPR. Despite this, former socialist J\u00f3zef Cyrankiewicz remained as prime minister. By 1949, the Polish People's Party (PSL), which had led the opposition in 1947, had been emasculated when it was forced to merge with the splinter pro-communist People's Party to form the United People's Party (ZSL).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 841]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069862-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Polish legislative election, Background\nPPR leader W\u0142adys\u0142aw Gomu\u0142ka, who had been largely responsible for the PPR's heavy-handed suppression of opposition, believed he was now free to pursue a more independent course. He wanted to adapt the Soviet blueprint to Polish circumstances and considered himself to be both a communist and a Polish patriot. He was also wary of the Cominform, and opposed forced collectivization of agriculture. However, he was pushed out as party leader in 1948, accused of \"rightist-nationalist deviation.\" He was succeeded by President Boles\u0142aw Bierut, a hardline Stalinist.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 608]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069862-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Polish legislative election, Conduct\nThe election set the tone for all subsequent elections held during Communist rule in Poland. As would be the case with all future elections, only PZPR-allowed candidates participated, and the results were falsified as needed. Along with the 1947 election, the 1952 election is considered among the least free of elections held in communist Poland. This was typical of the era of Stalinization. The Bierut government, like its kindred regimes in the rest of the Soviet bloc, was determined to tighten its control over society as much as possible.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 41], "content_span": [42, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069862-0003-0001", "contents": "1952 Polish legislative election, Conduct\nAll opposition parties had been either eliminated or driven underground by this time. The regime's opponents were persecuted. Voters were presented with a single list from the Front of National Unity (FJN), comprising the  PZPR and its two satellite parties, the Democratic Party (SD) and the ZSL. The number of candidates permitted to run in the elections was equal to the number of seats in parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 41], "content_span": [42, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069862-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Polish legislative election, Conduct\nThere were 425 seats. The number of seats would be increased in the subsequent elections. In return for accepting the \"leading role\" of the PZPR\u2014a condition of their continued existence\u2014the minor parties in the Front received a fixed number of seats in the Sejm.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 41], "content_span": [42, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069862-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Polish legislative election, Results\nThe official results showed that 99.8% of the voters approved the FJN list. Candidates from the FJN parties took 91.2% of the Sejm seats, with 8.7% falling to nominal independents. Within the FJN, the PZPR won an absolute majority with 273 seats (64.2% total), its best result both in total number of seats and percentage of the Sejm controlled. However, as the other parties and \"independents\" were completely subservient to the PZPR, communist control of the Sejm was complete. In later years, the communist-dominated lists would be credited with between 98 and 99% of the vote, a practice continued until 1989.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 41], "content_span": [42, 655]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069862-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 Polish legislative election, Results\nThe term of the Sejm elected in 1951 was due to end in 1956, but due to political shifts in Poland, the next elections took place in early 1957 in a more liberal atmosphere, although still not free.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 41], "content_span": [42, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069863-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Port Melbourne state by-election\nA by-election for the seat of Port Melbourne in the Victorian Legislative Assembly was held on Saturday 15 March 1952. The by-election was triggered by the death of Labor member Tom Corrigan on 19 January 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069863-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Port Melbourne state by-election\nThe candidates were Stan Corrigan (Tom Corrigan's son) for the Labor Party, William Bird (secretary of the Melbourne branch of the Seamen's Union) for the Communist Party, and Kenneth Cole for the Liberal and Country Party. Labor retained the seat with Corrigan winning by a large majority.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069864-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Primera Divisi\u00f3n de Chile\nThe 1952 Campeonato Nacional de F\u00fatbol Profesional was first tier\u2019s 20th season. Everton were the tournament\u2019s champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069864-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Primera Divisi\u00f3n de Chile, Scores, Matches 1\u201322\nDuring matches 1\u201322 each team played every other team twice.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 52], "content_span": [53, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069864-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Primera Divisi\u00f3n de Chile, Scores, Matches 23\u201333\nDuring matches 23\u201333 each team played every other team once. This means that during matches 1-33 each team played every other team 3 times.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069865-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Princeton Tigers football team\nThe 1952 Princeton Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Princeton University during the 1952 college football season. In their eighth year under head coach Charlie Caldwell, the Tigers compiled an 8\u20131 record and outscored opponents 297 to 74. Frank M. McPhee was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069865-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Princeton Tigers football team\nThe Tigers were ranked No. 12 in the preseason AP poll and stayed in the top 20 until suffering their only loss of the year, in mid-October. They then re-entered the rankings in mid-November and finished the year as the only ranked Ivy Group team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069865-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Princeton Tigers football team\nPrinceton played its home games at Palmer Stadium on the university campus in Princeton, New Jersey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069866-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Pro Bowl\nThe 1952 Pro Bowl was the NFL's second annual all-star game which featured the league's outstanding performers from the 1951 season. The game was played on January 12, 1952, at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum in Los Angeles, California in front of 19,400 fans. The National Conference squad defeated the American Conference by a score of 30\u201313.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069866-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Pro Bowl\nThe National team was led by the Los Angeles Rams' Joe Stydahar while Paul Brown of the Cleveland Browns coached the American stars. Los Angeles Rams running back Dan Towler was named the game's outstanding player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069866-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Pro Bowl\nEach player on the victorious National roster received $600, while the losing American players took away $500 each.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069867-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Puerto Rican constitutional referendum\nA referendum on a new constitution was held in Puerto Rico on 3 March 1952. It was approved by 81.9% of voters. This was considered by many U.S. and Puerto Rican politicians an affirmation of the new constitution of the island as an Estado Libre Associado, or Commonwealth, as proposed by legislation in 1950 by the United States Congress after negotiation with its political leaders. Puerto Rican nationalists question the meaning of the referendum, complaining that the only alternative offered was direct U.S. rule, and no choice of independence was offered. In 1980, the Supreme Court of the United States adjudicated (Harris v. Rosario) that as a result of this referendum of 1952, the actual territorial status was not changed at all.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 784]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069867-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Puerto Rican constitutional referendum\nOn November 1, 1950 two Puerto Rican Nationalists had attempted assassination of the United States President Harry S. Truman. They claimed they were retaliating for U.S. cooperation in repressing 1950 nationalist revolts on the island. Truman's stated motive for supporting for the plebiscite was that residents of the island could express their opinion of preferred status, but since independence was not offered, nationalists question Truman's stated motive. An overwhelming majority approved the commonwealth over the alternative of  return to direct U.S. rule.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 608]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069868-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Puerto Rican general election\nThe 1952 Puerto Rican general elections were held in Puerto Rico on 4 November 1952. Luis Mu\u00f1oz Mar\u00edn of the Popular Democratic Party was re-elected as governor, whilst the PPD also won a majority of the vote in the House of Representatives elections. Voter turnout in the House elections was 72.5%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069869-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Puerto Rican referendum\nA double referendum was held in Puerto Rico on 4 November 1952. Voters were asked whether they approved of amendments to the constitution regarding federal order and whether private schools should be financed with public money. Both were approved by 87.8% of voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069871-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Punjab Legislative Assembly election\nElections to the Punjab Legislative Assembly were held on 26 March 1952. 842 candidates contested for the 105 constituencies in the Assembly. There were 21 two-member constituencies and 84 single-member constituencies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069871-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Punjab Legislative Assembly election, State Reorganization\nOn 1 November 1956, under States Reorganisation Act, 1956, Patiala & East Punjab States Union was merged with Punjab. Thus the assembly constituencies were increased from 105 with 126 seats in 1952 to 121 with 154 seats in 1957 elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 63], "content_span": [64, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069872-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Purdue Boilermakers football team\nThe 1952 Purdue Boilermakers football team was an American football team that represented Purdue University during the 1952 Big Ten Conference football season. In their sixth season under head coach Stu Holcomb, the Boilermakers compiled a 4\u20133\u20132 record, finished in a tie with Wisconsin for first place in the Big Ten Conference with a 4\u20131\u20131 record against conference opponents, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 188 to 151.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069872-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Purdue Boilermakers football team\nNotable players on the 1952 Purdue team included quarterback Dale Samuels, end Bernie Flowers, center Walter Cudzik, and tackle Fred Preziosio. Flowers was selected as a consensus first-team end on the 1952 College Football All-America Team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069873-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Quebec general election\nThe 1952 Quebec general election was held on July 16, 1952, to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Quebec, Canada. The incumbent Union Nationale, led by Maurice Duplessis, won re-election, defeating the Quebec Liberal Party, led by Georges-\u00c9mile Lapalme.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069873-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Quebec general election\nThis was the fourth time (and the third in a row) that Duplessis led his party to a general election victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069873-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Quebec general election\nThe number of seats won by the Liberals, and their share of the popular vote, were considerably increased over the previous election in 1948.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069873-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Quebec general election, Results\n1 including results of Union des \u00c9lecteurs from previous election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069874-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Railway Cup Hurling Championship\nThe 1952 Railway Cup Hurling Championship was the 26th series of the inter-provincial hurling Railway Cup. Three matches were played between 17 February 1952 and 17 March 1952 to decide the title. It was contested by Connacht, Leinster, Munster and Ulster.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069874-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Railway Cup Hurling Championship\nOn 17 March 1952, Munster won the Railway Cup after a 5-11 to 4-02 defeat of Connacht in the final at Croke Park, Dublin. It was their 20th Railway Cup title overall and their fifth title in succession.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069874-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Railway Cup Hurling Championship\nMunster's Christy Ring was the Railway Cup top scorer with 4-05.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069875-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election\nElections to the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly were held on February 29, 1952. 616 candidates contested for the 140 constituencies in the Assembly. There were 20 two-member constituencies and 120 single-member constituencies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069875-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election, Results\n*\u00a0: On 1 November 1956, under States Reorganisation Act, 1956, the Ajmer State, the Abu Road taluk of the Banaskantha district of Bombay State, the Sunel enclave of the Mandsaur district and the Lohara sub-tehsil of the Hissar district of the Punjab was merged with Rajasthan while the Sironj sub-division of the Kota district of Rajasthan was transferred to Madhya Pradesh.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 53], "content_span": [54, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069875-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election, State Reorganization\nOn 1 November 1956, under States Reorganisation Act, 1956, the Ajmer State, the Abu Road taluk of the Banaskantha district of Bombay State, the Sunel enclave of the Mandsaur district and the Lohara sub-tehsil of the Hissar district of the Punjab was merged with Rajasthan while the Sironj sub-division of the Kota district of Rajasthan was transferred to Madhya Pradesh. This resulted in the change in assembly constituencies from 140 with 160 seats to 136 with 176 seats in 1957 assembly elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 66], "content_span": [67, 566]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069876-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Republican National Convention\nThe 1952 Republican National Convention was held at the International Amphitheatre in Chicago, Illinois from July 7 to 11, 1952, and nominated the popular general and war hero Dwight D. Eisenhower of New York, nicknamed \"Ike,\" for president and the anti-communist crusading Senator from California, Richard M. Nixon, for vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069876-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Republican National Convention\nThe Republican platform pledged to end the unpopular war in Korea, supported the development of nuclear weapons as a deterrence strategy, to fire all \"the loafers, incompetents and unnecessary employees\" at the State Department, condemned the Roosevelt and Truman administrations' economic policies, supported retention of the Taft\u2013Hartley Act, opposed \"discrimination against race, religion or national origin\", supported \"Federal action toward the elimination of lynching\", and pledged to bring an end to communist subversion in the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 585]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069876-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Republican National Convention, Presidential candidates, Keynote speech\nThe keynote speech was delivered by MacArthur, who had become a hero to Republicans after President Truman relieved him of command in 1951 because of their disagreement about how to prosecute the Korean War, and had hopes of obtaining the presidential nomination. In his address, MacArthur condemned the Truman administration for America's perceived loss of status on the international stage, including criticism of the Yalta Conference and the administration's handling of the war in Korea. MacArthur also criticized Truman on the domestic front, blaming his administration for wages that failed to keep pace with post-World War II inflation. The speech was not well received, and did nothing to aid MacArthur's presidential campaign. He curtailed his post-convention speeches and remained out of the public eye until after the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 76], "content_span": [77, 915]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069876-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Republican National Convention, Presidential candidates, The balloting\nThe contest for the presidential nomination was expected to be a battle between the party's moderate to liberal and conservative wings. Moderate and liberal Republicans (the \"Eastern Establishment\"), led by New York Governor Thomas E. Dewey, the party's unsuccessful presidential nominee in 1944 and 1948, were largely supporters of Eisenhower or Warren. The conservative wing was led by Taft, who had unsuccessfully tried for the presidential nomination in 1940 and 1948.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 75], "content_span": [76, 548]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069876-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Republican National Convention, Presidential candidates, The balloting\nIn a pre-convention fight over the seating of delegates, Eisenhower supporters charged the Taft campaign with improperly seeking to obtain delegates from Texas, Georgia and Louisiana, states that were part of the Democratic Party's \"Solid South\" where Republicans had little or no organization because they traditionally did not do well in general elections. The Taft-dominated Republican National Committee supported Taft in the dispute. When delegate committees met to consider the issue before the convention convened, they sustained Eisenhower's position. Stripped of 42 delegates from the disputed states, Taft's backers realized their chances of beating Eisenhower were slim.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 75], "content_span": [76, 757]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069876-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Republican National Convention, Presidential candidates, The balloting\nIn his remarks during the delegate fight, Taft supporter Everett Dirksen harshly criticized Dewey and the moderate to liberal wing of the party, which had dominated it since 1940. In describing the party's failed presidential campaigns of 1940, 1944 and 1948, he pointed at Dewey, who was seated with the New York delegation, and shouted \"We followed you before and you took us down the path to defeat!\" Dirksen's condemnation of Dewey touched off sustained anti-Dewey and pro-Taft demonstrations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 75], "content_span": [76, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069876-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 Republican National Convention, Presidential candidates, The balloting\nDirksen nominated Taft. Eisenhower was nominated by Maryland Governor Theodore McKeldin, who made obvious overtures to the conservative wing by mentioning Eisenhower's Midwestern Kansas roots and the fact that he had begun attendance at the United States Military Academy during the presidential administration of Robert Taft's father, William Howard Taft. McKeldin described Eisenhower's career at the highest levels of the military as evidence that he was able to assume the responsibilities of the presidency immediately and his international renown as an asset that would enable the party to unify its disparate wings and make inroads among Democratic and independent voters. McKeldin's nomination was seconded by Kansas Governor Edward F. Arn, Oregon Republican Party Chairman Robert A. Elliott, Mrs. Alberta Green, a delegate from West Plains, Missouri, and Hobson R. Reynolds, a state legislator from Philadelphia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 75], "content_span": [76, 997]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069876-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 Republican National Convention, Presidential candidates, The balloting\nAfter the nominations were completed, including speeches on behalf of Earl Warren, Harold Stassen, and Douglas MacArthur, the delegates proceeded to vote. After the first ballot, Eisenhower had 595 votes, nine short of the nomination, which required 604. Taft had 500, Warren 81, Stassen 20, and MacArthur 10. Warren's backers refused to change their votes to Eisenhower because they still hoped for a deadlock that might enable Warren to obtain the nomination as a compromise choice. Stassen had not received 10 percent of the vote, which freed his home state Minnesota delegates from their pledge to support him. Most of the Stassen delegates, led by Warren E. Burger, changed their votes to Eisenhower, which gave him 614 votes and the presidential nomination. Other delegations then began to switch to Eisenhower, and the revised first ballot total was:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 75], "content_span": [76, 933]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069876-0008-0000", "contents": "1952 Republican National Convention, Presidential candidates, The balloting\nAfter the revised totals were announced, Taft and Warren supporters moved to unanimously nominate Eisenhower, which the delegates did. As soon as Eisenhower was nominated, he visited Taft personally to request his endorsement and obtain a promise that Taft would support the Republican ticket. Taft immediately agreed, and loyally backed Eisenhower during the general election campaign.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 75], "content_span": [76, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069876-0009-0000", "contents": "1952 Republican National Convention, Presidential candidates, The balloting, Vice presidential\nSenator Richard M. Nixon's speech at a state Republican Party fundraiser in New York City on May 8, 1952 impressed Governor Thomas E. Dewey, who was an Eisenhower supporter and had formed a pro-Eisenhower delegation from New York to attend the national convention. In a private meeting after the speech, Dewey suggested to Nixon that he would make a suitable vice presidential candidate on the ticket with Eisenhower.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 94], "content_span": [95, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069876-0010-0000", "contents": "1952 Republican National Convention, Presidential candidates, The balloting, Vice presidential\nNixon attended the convention as a delegate pledged to Earl Warren and represented California on the convention's platform committee. In pre-convention remarks to reporters, Nixon touted Warren as the most prominent dark horse and suggested that if Warren was not the presidential nominee, Nixon's Senate colleague William Knowland would be a good choice for vice president. As the convention proceedings continued, Warren became concerned that Nixon was working for Eisenhower while ostensibly pledged to Warren.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 94], "content_span": [95, 608]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069876-0010-0001", "contents": "1952 Republican National Convention, Presidential candidates, The balloting, Vice presidential\nWarren asked Paul H. Davis of the Hoover Institution at Stanford University, who had been a vice president at Columbia University while Eisenhower was the school's president, to tell Eisenhower that Warren resented such actions and wanted them to stop. Eisenhower informed Davis that he didn't oppose Warren, because if Taft and Eisenhower deadlocked, then Warren would be his first choice for the nomination.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 94], "content_span": [95, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069876-0010-0002", "contents": "1952 Republican National Convention, Presidential candidates, The balloting, Vice presidential\nIn the same conversation, Eisenhower indicated that if he won the nomination, Nixon would be his first choice for the vice presidency, because Eisenhower believed the party needed to promote leaders who were aggressive, capable, and young. Eisenhower later developed a list of seven potential candidates, with Nixon's name at the top.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 94], "content_span": [95, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069876-0011-0000", "contents": "1952 Republican National Convention, Presidential candidates, The balloting, Vice presidential\nAfter Eisenhower was nominated, his key supporters met to discuss vice presidential possibilities. Eisenhower informed the group's chairman, Herbert Brownell Jr. that he did not wish to appear to dictate to the convention by formally sponsoring a single candidate, so the group reviewed several, including Taft, Everett Dirksen, and Alfred E. Driscoll, all of whom they quickly rejected. Dewey then raised Nixon's name; the group quickly concurred. Brownell checked with Eisenhower, who indicated his approval. Brownell then called Nixon to inform him that he was Eisenhower's choice. Nixon accepted, then departed for Eisenhower's hotel room to discuss the details of the campaign and Eisenhower's plans for his vice president if the ticket was successful in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 94], "content_span": [95, 876]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069876-0012-0000", "contents": "1952 Republican National Convention, Presidential candidates, The balloting, Vice presidential\nThe delegates soon assembled to formalize the selection. Nixon asked Knowland to nominate him, and Knowland agreed. After Taft supporter John W. Bricker declined Nixon's request to second the nomination, Driscoll agreed to do so. There were no other candidates, and Nixon was nominated by acclamation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 94], "content_span": [95, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069876-0013-0000", "contents": "1952 Republican National Convention, Television coverage\nThe 1952 Republican convention was the first political convention to be televised live, coast-to-coast. Experiments in regionally broadcasting conventions took place during the Republican and Democratic conventions in 1948; however, 1952 was the first year in which networks carried nationwide coverage of political conventions. Fixed cameras were placed at the back and the sides of the International Amphitheatre for the press to use collectively. None of these offered a straight shot of the podium on stage, so many networks supplemented their coverage with shots from their own portable cameras.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 56], "content_span": [57, 657]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069876-0014-0000", "contents": "1952 Republican National Convention, Television coverage\nThe impact of the Republican Convention broadcast was an immediate one. After carefully watching the Republican Convention, the Democratic Party made last-minute alterations to their convention held in the same venue to make their broadcast more appealing to television audiences. They constructed a tower in the center of the convention hall to allow for a better shot of the podium, and Democrats exercised more control over camera shots and the conduct of delegates in front of the cameras.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 56], "content_span": [57, 550]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069876-0015-0000", "contents": "1952 Republican National Convention, Television coverage\nBy 1956, the effect of television further affected both the Republican and Democratic conventions. Conventions were compacted in length, with daytime sessions being largely eliminated and the amount of welcoming speeches and parliamentary organization speeches being decreased (such as seconding speeches for vice-presidential candidates, which were eliminated). Additionally, conventions were given overlying campaign themes, and their sessions were scheduled in order to maximize exposure to prime-time audience. To provide a more telegenic broadcast, convention halls were decked out in banners and other decorations, and television cameras were positioned at more flattering angles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 56], "content_span": [57, 743]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069877-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Republican Party presidential primaries\nFrom March 11 to June 3, 1952, delegates were elected to the 1952 Republican National Convention.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069877-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Republican Party presidential primaries\nThe fight for the 1952 Republican nomination was largely between Eisenhower, who became the candidate of the party's liberal eastern establishment, and Senator Robert A. Taft of Ohio, the longtime leader of the GOP's conservative wing. The moderate Eastern Republicans were led by New York Governor Thomas E. Dewey, the party's nominee in 1944 and 1948.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069877-0001-0001", "contents": "1952 Republican Party presidential primaries\nThe moderates tended to be interventionists who felt that the United States needed to fight the Cold War overseas and resist the aggression of the Soviet Union in Eurasia; they were also willing to accept most aspects of the social welfare state created by the New Deal in the 1930s. The moderates were also concerned with ending the GOP's losing streak in presidential elections; they felt that the personally popular Eisenhower had the best chance of beating the Democrats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069877-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Republican Party presidential primaries\nThe conservative Republicans led by Senator Taft were based in the Midwestern United States and parts of the Southern United States. The conservatives wanted to abolish many of the New Deal welfare programs; in foreign policy they were often non-interventionists, who believed that America should avoid alliances with foreign powers. Senator Taft had been a candidate for the GOP nomination in 1940 and 1948, but had been defeated both times by moderate Republicans from New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069877-0002-0001", "contents": "1952 Republican Party presidential primaries\nTaft, who was 62 when the campaign began, freely admitted that 1952 was his last chance to win the nomination, and this led his supporters to work hard for him. Taft's weakness, which he was never able to overcome, was the fear of many party bosses that he was too conservative and controversial to win a presidential election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069877-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Republican Party presidential primaries\nNotable was the absence of Dewey. He strongly supported Eisenhower and played an important role in persuading him to run and helping him win the nomination. Dewey used his powerful political machine to win \"Ike\" the support of delegates in New York and elsewhere.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069877-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Republican Party presidential primaries\nTwo other major candidates, but not so strong as Eisenhower or Taft, for the nomination were Governor of California and Dewey's 1948 running-mate Earl Warren, and former Governor of Minnesota Harold Stassen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069877-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Republican Party presidential primaries\nIn the general election on November 4, Eisenhower and his running mate, Senator Richard Nixon of California defeated the Democratic party's ticket of Governor Adlai Stevenson II of Illinois, and Senator John Sparkman of Alabama", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069877-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 Republican Party presidential primaries, Candidates\nThe following leaders were candidates for the 1952 Republican presidential nomination:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 56], "content_span": [57, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069877-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 Republican Party presidential primaries, Candidates, Major candidates\nThese candidates participated in multiple state primaries or were included in multiple major national polls.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 74], "content_span": [75, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069877-0008-0000", "contents": "1952 Republican Party presidential primaries, Candidates, Major candidates, Bypassing primaries\nThe following candidates did not place their name directly on the ballot for any state's presidential primary, but may have sought to influence selection of un-elected delegates or support of uncommitted delegates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 95], "content_span": [96, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069877-0009-0000", "contents": "1952 Republican Party presidential primaries, Candidates, Favorite sons\nThe following candidates ran only in their home state's primary or caucus for the purpose of controlling its delegate slate at the convention and did not appear to be considered national candidates by the media.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 71], "content_span": [72, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069877-0010-0000", "contents": "1952 Republican Party presidential primaries, Candidates, Declined to run\nThe following persons were listed in two or more major national polls or were the subject of media speculation surrounding their potential candidacy, but declined to actively seek the nomination.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 73], "content_span": [74, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069877-0011-0000", "contents": "1952 Republican Party presidential primaries, Primaries\nEisenhower scored a major victory in the New Hampshire primary when his supporters wrote his name onto the ballot, giving him an upset victory over Taft. However, from there until the Republican Convention the primaries were divided fairly evenly between the two men, and by the time the convention opened the race for the nomination was still too close to call.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 55], "content_span": [56, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069877-0012-0000", "contents": "1952 Republican Party presidential primaries, Primaries, Statewide contests by winner, Republican National Convention\nWhen the 1952 Republican National Convention opened in Chicago, most political experts rated Taft and Eisenhower as neck-and-neck in the delegate vote totals. Eisenhower's managers, led by Governor Dewey and Massachusetts Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr., accused Taft of \"stealing\" delegate votes in Southern states such as Texas and Georgia. They claimed that Taft's leaders in these states had illegally refused to give delegate spots to Eisenhower supporters and put Taft delegates in their place. Lodge and Dewey proposed to evict the pro-Taft delegates in these states and replace them with pro-Eisenhower delegates; they called this proposal \"Fair Play\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 117], "content_span": [118, 777]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069877-0012-0001", "contents": "1952 Republican Party presidential primaries, Primaries, Statewide contests by winner, Republican National Convention\nAlthough Taft and his supporters angrily denied this charge, the convention voted to support Fair Play 658\u2013548, and Taft lost many Southern delegates; this decided the nomination in Eisenhower's favor. However, the mood at the convention was one of the most bitter and emotional in American history; in one speech Senator Everett Dirksen of Illinois, a Taft supporter, pointed at Governor Dewey on the convention floor and accused him of leading the Republicans \"down the road to defeat\", and mixed boos and cheers rang out from the delegates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 117], "content_span": [118, 661]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069877-0012-0002", "contents": "1952 Republican Party presidential primaries, Primaries, Statewide contests by winner, Republican National Convention\nIn the end Eisenhower took the nomination on the first ballot; to heal the wounds caused by the battle he went to Taft's hotel suite and met with him. The Convention then chose young Senator Richard Nixon of California as Eisenhower's running mate; it was felt that Nixon's credentials as a slashing campaigner and anti-Communist would be valuable.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 117], "content_span": [118, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069877-0012-0003", "contents": "1952 Republican Party presidential primaries, Primaries, Statewide contests by winner, Republican National Convention\nMost historians now believe that Eisenhower's nomination was primarily due to the feeling that he was a \"sure winner\" against the Democrats; most of the delegates were conservatives who would probably have supported Taft if they felt he could have won the general election. The balloting at the Republican Convention went: (Richard C. Bain and Judith H. Parris, Convention Decisions and Voting Records, pp. 280\u2013286):", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 117], "content_span": [118, 534]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069877-0013-0000", "contents": "1952 Republican Party presidential primaries, Primaries, Statewide contests by winner, Republican National Convention\nFreshman California Senator Richard Nixon was nominated for Vice President, also with notable Dewey's support. Republican politicians thought that his political experience, aggressive style (he was known as strongly anti-communist) and political base on the West would help political newcomer Eisenhower.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 117], "content_span": [118, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069878-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection\nThis article lists those who were potential candidates for the Republican nomination for Vice President of the United States in the 1952 election. After defeating Ohio Senator Robert A. Taft for the Republican presidential nomination at the 1952 Republican National Convention, General Dwight D. Eisenhower needed to choose a running mate. Taft recommended Illinois Senator Everett Dirksen, but Eisenhower rejected the suggestion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069878-0000-0001", "contents": "1952 Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection\nEisenhower and his advisers put together a list of prominent Republicans who were acceptable to both the conservative Taft and liberal Dewey wings of the party, anti-Communist, talented at campaigning, relatively young (to balance Eisenhower's age), and who contributed to Eisenhower's nomination victory. After conferring with Republican Party leaders, Eisenhower decided to ask California Senator Richard Nixon to be his running mate; Nixon accepted the offer. Nixon had carefully campaigned for the post of vice president since meeting Eisenhower in 1951, and Nixon helped deliver the California delegation to Eisenhower in the presidential ballot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 711]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069878-0000-0002", "contents": "1952 Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection\nThe Republican convention ratified Eisenhower's choice of Nixon. Months after the convention, Eisenhower considered asking Nixon to step down as running mate due to controversy surrounding campaign expenses, but Nixon rallied public opinion with his Checkers speech and remained on the ticket. The Eisenhower-Nixon ticket won the 1952 election, as well as the 1956 election, defeating the Stevenson-Sparkman and Stevenson-Kefauver tickets, respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069879-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Rhode Island Rams football team\nThe 1952 Rhode Island Rams football team was an American football team that represented Rhode Island State College (later renamed the University of Rhode Island) as a member of the Yankee Conference during the 1952 college football season. In its second, non-consecutive season under head coach Hal Kopp, the team compiled a 7\u20131 record (3\u20131 against conference opponents), finished in a three-way tie for the conference championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 215 to 85. The team played its home games at Meade Stadium in Kingston, Rhode Island.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069880-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Rhode Island gubernatorial election\nThe 1952 Rhode Island gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1952. Incumbent Democrat Dennis J. Roberts defeated Republican nominee Raoul Archambault Jr. with 52.62% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069881-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Rice Owls football team\nThe 1952 Rice Owls football team represented Rice University during the 1952 college football season. The Owls were led by 13th-year head coach Jess Neely and played their home games at  Rice Stadium in Houston, Texas. The team competed as members of the Southwest Conference, finishing in second.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069882-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Roller Hockey World Cup\nThe 1952 Roller Hockey World Cup was the eighth roller hockey world cup, organized by the F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale de Patinage a Roulettes (now under the name of F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale de Roller Sports). It was contested by 10 national teams (9 from Europe and 1 from Africa) and it is also considered the 1952 European Roller Hockey Championship (despite the presence of Egypt). All the games were played in the city of Porto, in Portugal, the chosen city to host the World Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069883-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Romanian legislative election\nParliamentary elections were held in Romania on 30 November 1952. They were the second held under the Socialist Republic of Romania, and the first under a constitution adopted that September. They were also the first held after longtime Prime Minister Petru Groza handed the post to Communist Party leader Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, who had been the country's de facto leader since the Communists seized full power in 1947.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069883-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Romanian legislative election\nVoters were presented with a single slate of candidates from the People's Democratic Front, which was dominated by the Romanian Workers' Party. The Front won all 428 seats in the Great National Assembly. This election set the tone for all elections held in Romania until 1989. For the remainder of the Communist era, voters only had the choice of approving or rejecting a Communist-dominated list.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069883-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Romanian legislative election, Electoral system\nThe new constitution was promulgated on 24 September 1952 and three days later a new electoral law was passed. Under the new system candidates were elected in single member constituencies, and had to receive over 50% of the vote. If no candidate passed this threshold, or if voter turnout in the constituency was less than 50%, re-runs were held until the requirements were met. Candidates could be nominated by the People's Democratic Front or mass organisations, although the latter were monitored by the Front.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 52], "content_span": [53, 566]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069884-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Rose Bowl\nThe 1952 Rose Bowl was the 38th edition of the college football bowl game, played at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California. Held on Tuesday, January 1, at the end of the 1951 college football season, it was the first nationally televised college football game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069884-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Rose Bowl\nThe fourth-ranked Illinois Fighting Illini of the Big Ten Conference defeated the #7 Stanford Indians of the Pacific Coast Conference, 40\u20137.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069884-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Rose Bowl\nSince the two conferences agreed to match up in Pasadena, starting with the 1947 Rose Bowl, the Big Ten had won all six games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069884-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Rose Bowl, Game summary\nStanford led 7 to 6 on a Harry Hugasian touchdown until late in the third quarter. Illinois then scored 34 unanswered points, 27 in the fourth quarter. Illinois running back Bill Tate rushed for 150 yards and two touchdowns, and was named  Player of the Game. All-American Johnny Karras rushed for 58 yards and a touchdown for Illinois, which had 434 yards of total offense.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 28], "content_span": [29, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069884-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Rose Bowl, Game summary\nIt was the second Rose Bowl win for Illinois head coach Ray Eliot, the first was in\u00a01947. Stanford head coach Chuck Taylor became the first to play and coach in the Rose Bowl, having played as one of Stanford's undefeated Wow Boys eleven years earlier, in\u00a01941.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 28], "content_span": [29, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069885-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Rugby Union European Cup\nThe Europe Cup 1952 was the fourth Rugby Union European championship, organized by FIRA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069885-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Rugby Union European Cup\nAfter the Second World War rugby activity restarted in Europe with the Five Nations restarting in 1947. The FIRA approved to reorganize the European Championship, after three tournaments in 1936-38. During the assembly of May 20, 1951, it was decided that the name of tournament would be Europe Cup, and that the first edition was to be played in 1952. Like in all subsequent editions, only countries of Continental Europe ever took place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069885-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Rugby Union European Cup\nA \"challenge\" format was chosen: France, winner of the last tournament in 1938, advanced directly to the final, where it met the winner of the preliminary tournament, which was played by four teams: Belgium, West Germany, Italy and Romania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069886-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Rutgers Queensmen football team\nThe 1952 Rutgers Queensmen football team represented Rutgers University in the 1952 college football season. In their 11th season under head coach Harvey Harman, the Queensemen compiled a 4\u20134\u20131 record, won the Middle Three Conference co-championship, and were outscored by their opponents 184 to 178.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069887-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 SANFL Grand Final\nThe 1952 SANFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football championship match. North Adelaide beat Norwood 153 to 43.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069888-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 SANFL season\nThe 1952 South Australian National Football League season was the 73rd season of the top-level Australian rules football competition in South Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069889-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 SCCA National Sports Car Championship\nThe 1952 SCCA National Sports Car Championship season was the second season of the Sports Car Club of America's National Sports Car Championship. It began March 8, 1952, and ended October 26, 1952, after eleven races. Sherwood Johnston won the season championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069889-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 SCCA National Sports Car Championship, Season results\nNote: Although support races counted towards the season points championship, only feature race overall winners are listed below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 58], "content_span": [59, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069890-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 SEC Men's Basketball Tournament\nThe 1952 SEC Men's Basketball Tournament took place February 28\u2013March 1, 1952 in Louisville, Kentucky at the Jefferson County Armory. This tournament marks the final SEC Men\u2019s Basketball Tournament held until the event\u2019s 26-year hiatus ended prior to the 1979 tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069890-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 SEC Men's Basketball Tournament\nThe Kentucky Wildcats won the tournament championship game by beating LSU, 44\u201343. Kentucky would go on to play in the 16-team 1952 NCAA Tournament, but fell in the East Regional Final to St. John's.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069891-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Saint Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla general election\nGeneral elections were held in Saint Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla on 6 October 1952, the country's first elections held with universal suffrage. The Workers' League won seven of the eight elected seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069891-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Saint Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla general election, Background\nThe previous elections had taken place in 1946, and the next elections were due in 1949. However, they were postponed each year until 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 60], "content_span": [61, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069891-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Saint Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla general election, Background\nA new constitution introduced in 1952 provided for a 14-member Legislative Council, consisting of eight elected members, the Governor (as President of the Council), two ex officio members and three appointed members.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 60], "content_span": [61, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069892-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Salad Bowl\nThe 1952 Salad Bowl was a college football postseason bowl game between the Houston Cougars and the Dayton Flyers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069892-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Salad Bowl, Background\nThe Cougars finished 4th in the Missouri Valley Conference in their first season and earned a trip to their first bowl game. The Flyers were an independent school.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 27], "content_span": [28, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069892-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Salad Bowl, Game summary\nBobby Recker gave Dayton a 7\u20130 lead on his touchdown run. With :10 remaining in the first quarter, Gene Shannon rushed for a touchdown to narrow the lead to 1. Recker caught a 25-yard pass from Frank Siggins to give Dayton a 14\u20136 lead. Less than five minutes later, Shannon rushed for his second touchdown to narrow the lead once again. Dayton increased their lead on Siggins' pass to Jim Currin to take a 21\u201313 lead with :44 remaining in the half.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 29], "content_span": [30, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069892-0002-0001", "contents": "1952 Salad Bowl, Game summary\nAfter halftime, the Cougars limited the Flyers to five rushing yards in the second half while forcing three turnovers. Shannon narrowed the lead once again on a 1-yard touchdown run to make it 21\u201320. Less than two minutes later, Shannon's 10-yard run with 7:50 in the third proved to be the go-ahead touchdown as the two teams failed to score in the fourth quarter, giving Houston their first bowl win. Shannon rushed for 175 yards on 28 carries with four touchdowns, including 129 yards in the first half.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 29], "content_span": [30, 536]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069892-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Salad Bowl, Aftermath\nThe Cougars wound up winning the conference the next year, finishing at #19 in the polls, though they would not play another bowl game until 1962. Dayton soon dropped down below Division I, now in the Football Championship Subdivision (FCS). After this Salad Bowl, the opponents would consist of high school teams and All-Stars, not involving college teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 26], "content_span": [27, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069893-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Salvadoran legislative election\nLegislative elections were held in El Salvador in March 1952. The result was a victory for the Revolutionary Party of Democratic Unification, which was the only party to contest the elections as the opposition Renovating Action Party claimed that they were rigged.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069894-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 San Diego State Aztecs football team\nThe 1952 San Diego State Aztecs football team represented San Diego State College during the 1952 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069894-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 San Diego State Aztecs football team\nSan Diego State competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA). The team was led by sixth-year head coach Bill Schutte, and played home games at both Aztec Bowl and Balboa Stadium. They finished the season with four wins and five losses (4\u20135, 2\u20132 CCAA). Overall, the team was outscored by its opponents 238\u2013267 for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069894-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 San Diego State Aztecs football team, Team players in the NFL\nThe following San Diego State players were selected in the 1953 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 66], "content_span": [67, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069895-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 San Francisco 49ers season\nThe 1952 San Francisco 49ers season was the franchise's 3rd season in the National Football League and their 7th overall. They were coming off a 7\u20134\u20131 record in\u00a01951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069895-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 San Francisco 49ers season\nThe 49ers won their first five games by at least two touchdowns and had visions of playing in their first-ever NFL Championship Game. However, they lost five of their final seven games to finish at\u00a07\u20135, third place in the six-team National Conference (which became the Western Conference in\u00a01953).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069895-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 San Francisco 49ers season\nY. A. Tittle emerged as the starting quarterback, as he had a completion rate of 51.0% along with eleven touchdowns and 1,407\u00a0yards. Frankie Albert also had some action, completing 55.0% of his passes, along with eight\u00a0TDs and 964\u00a0yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069895-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 San Francisco 49ers season\nJoe Perry rushed for a team-high 725\u00a0yards and eight\u00a0TDs, while rookie Hugh McElhenny had 684\u00a0yards on 98\u00a0attempts (7.0\u00a0yards/carry), along with six rushing\u00a0TDs, while he caught 26 passes for 367\u00a0yards and earned another three touchdowns. Gordie Soltau led the club with 55\u00a0receptions for 774\u00a0yards and seven\u00a0TDs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069895-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 San Francisco 49ers season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 42], "content_span": [43, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069896-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 San Francisco State Gators football team\nThe 1952 San Francisco State Gators football team represented San Francisco State College during the 1952 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069896-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 San Francisco State Gators football team\nSan Francisco State competed in the Far Western Conference (FWC). The Gators were led by third-year head coach Joe Verducci. They played home games at Cox Stadium in San Francisco, California. On the field, the team finished the season with a record of four wins and five losses (4\u20135, 1\u20130 FWC). For the season the team was outscored by its opponents 211\u2013219.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069896-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 San Francisco State Gators football team\nAfter the season, San Francisco State was forced to forfeit its win vs. Whittier. That brought the adjusted record to three wins and six losses (3\u20136, 1\u20130 FWC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069896-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 San Francisco State Gators football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo San Francisco State players were selected in the 1953 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 70], "content_span": [71, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069897-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 San Jose State Spartans football team\nThe 1952 San Jose State Spartans football team represented San Jose State College during the 1952 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069897-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 San Jose State Spartans football team\nSan Jose State played as an Independent in 1952. The team was led by third-year head coach Bob Bronzan, and played home games at Spartan Stadium in San Jose, California. They finished the season with a record of six wins and three losses (6\u20133). Overall, the team outscored its opponents 251\u2013164 for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069897-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 San Jose State Spartans football team, Team players in the NFL\nThe following San Jose State players were selected in the 1953 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 67], "content_span": [68, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069898-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 San Juan earthquake\nThe 1952 San Juan earthquake took place on 11 June at 00:31:43 UTC in the province of San Juan, Argentina. It measured 6.8 on the moment magnitude scale with a depth of 30 kilometers (19\u00a0mi). The earthquake was felt in San Juan with a maximum of VIII (Severe) on the Mercalli intensity scale. It caused damage in some locations in the south and west of the province, and a small number of casualties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 425]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069899-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Santa Barbara Gauchos football team\nThe 1952 UC Santa Barbara Gauchos football team represented Santa Barbara College during the 1952 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069899-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Santa Barbara Gauchos football team\nSanta Barbara competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA). The team was led by head coach Stan Williamson in the first year of his second tenure as head coach. He had coached the team from 1941 to 1948, before taking a sabbatical and serving in the Navy. While in the Navy, Williamson coached the San Diego Naval Air Station football team, including leading the team to the naval championship in 1951. The Gauchos played home games at La Playa Stadium in Santa Barbara, California. They finished the season with a record of eight wins and two losses (8\u20132, 3\u20131 CCAA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 629]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069899-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Santa Barbara Gauchos football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Santa Barbara Gaucho players were selected in the 1953 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 65], "content_span": [66, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069900-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Santa Clara Broncos football team\nThe 1952 Santa Clara Broncos football team was an American football team that represented the University of Santa Clara during the 1952 college football season. In their third season under head coach Richard F. Gallagher, the independent Broncos compiled a 2\u20136\u20131 record and were outscored 182\u00a0to\u00a080. Their\u00a0three home games were played off campus in San Francisco, Lodi, and\u00a0Sacramento.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069900-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Santa Clara Broncos football team\nA month after the season ended, Rev. Herman J. Hauck, president of the university, announced on December\u00a029 that the football program was being dropped. The state's other major college football programs at Catholic institutions, all NCAA independents, had recently been halted: Saint Mary's after the 1950 season and San Francisco and Loyola after 1951. Father\u00a0Hauck stated that the football program had lost substantial money in the previous two seasons; other sources put the losses at $80,000 in 1952 and $72,000 in\u00a01951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069900-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Santa Clara Broncos football team\nBy early 1954, there was already support for reviving the program, which returned for the 1959 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069901-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Santos FC season\nThe 1952 season was the forty-first season for Santos FC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 79]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069902-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Saskatchewan general election\nThe 1952 Saskatchewan general election was held on June 11, 1952, to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069902-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Saskatchewan general election\nThe Co-operative Commonwealth Federation government of Premier Tommy Douglas was re-elected for a third term with an increased majority.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069902-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Saskatchewan general election\nThe Liberal Party of Walter Tucker increased its share of the popular vote to almost 40%, but lost 9 of the seats it had held in the previous legislature.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069902-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Saskatchewan general election\nThe Social Credit and Progressive Conservative parties continued to lose support.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069902-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Saskatchewan general election, Results\nNote: * Party did not nominate candidates in previous election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 43], "content_span": [44, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069903-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Saurashtra Legislative Assembly election\nElections to the Legislative Assembly of the Indian state of Saurashtra  were held on March 26, 1952. 222 candidates contested for the 55 constituencies in the Assembly. There were 5 two-member constituencies and 50 single-member constituencies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069903-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Saurashtra Legislative Assembly election, State Reorganization and Merger\nOn 1 November 1956, Saurashtra State was merged into Bombay State under States Reorganisation Act, 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 78], "content_span": [79, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069904-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Scottish Cup Final\nThe 1952 Scottish Cup Final was played on 19 April 1952, at Hampden Park in Glasgow and was the final of the 67th Scottish Cup competition. The final was contested by Dundee and Motherwell. Motherwell won the match 4\u20130 thanks to goals by Jimmy Watson, Willie Redpath, Wilson Humphries and Archie Kelly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069904-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Scottish Cup Final\nThe attendance of 136,274 is a Scottish record for a match not involving Celtic, Rangers or the Scotland national team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069905-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Scottish League Cup Final\nThe 1952 Scottish League Cup Final was played on 25 October 1952, at Hampden Park in Glasgow and was the final of the 7th Scottish League Cup competition. The final was contested by Dundee and Kilmarnock. Dundee won the match 2\u20130, thanks to two goals by Bobby Flavell. This meant that they retained the trophy, having beaten Rangers in the previous season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069906-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n Peruana\nThe 1952 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n Peruana, the second division of Peruvian football (soccer), was played by 10 teams. The tournament winner, Uni\u00f3n Callao, was promoted to the Primera Divisi\u00f3n Peruana 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069907-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n de Chile\nThe 1952 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n de Chile was the first season of the Segunda Divisi\u00f3n de Chile.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069908-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Seletar by-election\nA by-election for the Seletar constituency of the Legislative Council of Singapore was scheduled on 20 December 1952. It was triggered by the resignation of councilor Vilasini Menon on 25 September 1952 after being charged along with her lawyer husband with a criminal breach of trust in India.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069908-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Seletar by-election\nThe by-election did not take place as scheduled as its sole candidate, M. P. D. Nair, was elected as the constituency's councilor in an uncontested walkover.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069908-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Seletar by-election, Background\nVilasini Menon was elected as Legislative Councilor for the Seletar constituency of the Legislative Council of Singapore in the 1951 general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 36], "content_span": [37, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069908-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Seletar by-election, Background\nMenon and her lawyer husband was later charged with a criminal breach of trust in India. As a result, she voluntarily resigned her seat on 25 September 1952 which triggered a by-election in the Seletar constituency. The writ of election was issued on 28 October 1952 with nomination day set on 19 November.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 36], "content_span": [37, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069908-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Seletar by-election, Campaign\nOnly the independent City Councilor M. P. D. Nair filed in his candidacy for the by-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069908-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Seletar by-election, Election\nSince Nair is the only candidate in the by-election, he was elected as a Legislative Councilor through a walkover. The by-election no longer took place as scheduled.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069908-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 Seletar by-election, Election\nNair was sworn into office on 16 December 1952. He initially refused to be sworn in unless the demands of the constituency's Naval Base Union members were met.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069909-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Senegalese Territorial Assembly election\nTerritorial Assembly  elections were held in Senegal on 30 March 1952. The Senegalese Democratic Bloc won 41 of the 50 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069909-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Senegalese Territorial Assembly election, Electoral system\nUnlike other French colonies in Africa which used a dual college system, with French citizens electing part of the General Council and Africans electing the remainder, the Senegalese General Council was elected on a general roll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 63], "content_span": [64, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069910-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Severo-Kurilsk earthquake\nThe 1952 Severo-Kurilsk earthquake struck off the coast of the Kamchatka Peninsula. The 9.0 Mw earthquake triggered a major tsunami that hit Severo-Kurilsk, Kuril Islands, Sakhalin Oblast, Russian SFSR, USSR, on 4 November 1952 at 16:58 (UTC). This led to the destruction of many settlements in Sakhalin Oblast and Kamchatka Oblast, while the main impact struck the town of Severo-Kurilsk. It was the fifth most powerful earthquake since 1900, and to date, the most powerful earthquake in Russian history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 536]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069910-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Severo-Kurilsk earthquake, Tsunami\nThe tsunami was generated 130 kilometers (81\u00a0mi) offshore Kamchatka, impacting Severo-Kurilsk with three waves about 15\u201318 meters (49\u201359\u00a0ft) high. After the earthquake the majority of the Severo-Kurilsk citizens fled to the surrounding hills, where they escaped the first wave. However, most of them returned to the town and were killed by the second wave. According to the authorities, out of a population of 6,000 people, 2,336 died. The survivors were evacuated to continental Russia. The settlement was then rebuilt in another location.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069910-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Severo-Kurilsk earthquake, Tsunami\nEarthquakes continue to happen in the area, including a M7.5 event that occurred at a Depth of 56km on 25 March 2020.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069911-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Singapore City Council election\nThe 1952 Singapore City Council election was the 2nd election to the Singapore City Council. It was held on 6 December 1952 to elect 6 of the 18 seats in the City Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069912-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Slovenian Republic League\nThe 1952 season was the 29th season of the Slovenian Republic League and the 7th while Slovenia was a part of Yugoslavia. The top four clubs were granted a place in the second level inter-republic Slovene-Croatian League. The Slovenian Republic League was split into West and East divisions in the following season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069913-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Small Club World Cup\nThe 1952 Small Club World Cup was the first edition of the Small Club World Cup, a tournament held in Venezuela between 1952 and 1957, and in 1963 and in 1965. It was played by four participants, 1 from Europe and 3 from South America, playing in a double round-robin format.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069913-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Small Club World Cup\nThe championship featured players such as Alfredo Di St\u00e9fano, Adolfo Pedernera, and Nestor Rossi for Millonarios, Miguel Mu\u00f1oz for Real Madrid, among others. Real Madrid was the only team that did not participate as champion of its country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069914-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Soccer Bowl\nThe 3rd Soccer Bowl the third and final edition of the Soccer Bowl, a soccer match to determine the college soccer champion prior to the arrival of the NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Tournament. The match featured the University of San Francisco Dons men's soccer program against Temple University Owls men's soccer program. After being played in St. Louis, Missouri for two years, the third Soccer Bowl was hosted by the University of San Francisco at Kezar Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069914-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Soccer Bowl\nTemple won the match 2\u20130 to claim their third national championship. Although Temple won the Soccer Bowl, the ISFA declared Franklin & Marshall as the national champions of the 1951 ISFA season. The American Soccer History Archives recognizes both titles as valid national championship claims.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069915-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 South American Basketball Championship for Women\nThe 1952 South American Basketball Championship for Women was the 4th regional tournament for women in South America. It was held in Asunci\u00f3n, Paraguay and won by the local squad. Six teams competed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069915-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 South American Basketball Championship for Women, Results\nEach team played the other teams once, for a total of five games played by each team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 62], "content_span": [63, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069916-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 South American Championships in Athletics\nThe 1952 South American Championships in Athletics  were held in the Argentine capital, Buenos Aires, between 3 and 11 May.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069916-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 South American Championships in Athletics, Medal summary, Women's events\n* = after run-off, both athletes ran 25.5 in both races", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 77], "content_span": [78, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069917-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 South Carolina Gamecocks football team\nThe 1952 South Carolina Gamecocks football team was an American football team that represented the University of South Carolina as a member of the Southern Conference during the 1952 college football season. In their twelfth season under head coach Rex Enright, South Carolina compiled a 5\u20135 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069918-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 South Dakota Coyotes football team\nThe 1952 South Dakota Coyotes football team was an American football team that represented the University of South Dakota in the North Central Conference (NCC) during the 1952 college football season. In its 14th season under head coach Harry Gamage, the team compiled a 4\u20133\u20131 record (3\u20132\u20131 against NCC opponents), tied for third place out of seven teams in the NCC, and was outscored by a total of 193 to 179. The team played its home games at Inman Field in Vermillion, South Dakota.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069919-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 South Dakota State Jackrabbits football team\nThe 1952 South Dakota State Jackrabbits football team was an American football team that represented South Dakota State University in the North Central Conference during the 1952 college football season. In its sixth season under head coach Ralph Ginn, the team compiled a 4\u20134\u20131 record and outscored opponents by a total of 287 to 230.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069920-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 South Dakota gubernatorial election\nThe 1952 South Dakota gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069920-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 South Dakota gubernatorial election\nIncumbent Republican Governor Sigurd Anderson was re-elected, defeating Democratic nominee Sherman A. Iverson with 70.15% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069921-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 South Korean local elections\nLocal elections were held in South Korea on 25 April 1952 for city, town and township councils and on 10 May 1952 for provincial councils. 306 provincial councilors, 378 city councilors, 1,115 town councilors and 16,051 township councilors were elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069921-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 South Korean local elections, City, town and township council elections\nElections for city, town and township councils were held on 25 April 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 76], "content_span": [77, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069921-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 South Korean local elections, Provincial council elections\nElections for provincial councils were held on 10 May 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 63], "content_span": [64, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069922-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 South Korean presidential election\nPresidential and vice-presidential elections were held in South Korea on 5 August 1952. The result was a victory for Syngman Rhee, who won 74.6% of the vote. Voter turnout was 88.1%. The election was held during the Korean War, which played an important role in consolidating Rhee's support.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069922-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 South Korean presidential election, Constitutional Amendment\nPresident Rhee's factions took a devastating blow in the 1950 legislative election, when they won a little more than a quarter of the seats in the National Assembly, combined. In belief he would have little shot at reelection in the opposition-controlled legislature, President Rhee decided to amend the constitution so that the president would be elected by the people, instead of the legislature. President Rhee had the amendment pass in July 1952, after using police and military to threaten lawmakers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 65], "content_span": [66, 571]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069923-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 South Sydney season\nThe 1952 South Sydney DRLFC season was the 45th in the club's history. They competed in the New South Wales Rugby Football League's 1952 Premiership, and lost the grand final against the Western Suburbs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069924-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Southern 500\nThe 1952 Southern 500, the third running of the event, was a NASCAR Grand National Series event that was held on September 1, 1952, at Darlington Raceway in Darlington, South Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069924-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Southern 500, Background\nDarlington Raceway, nicknamed by many NASCAR fans and drivers as \"The Lady in Black\" or \"The Track Too Tough to Tame\" and advertised as a \"NASCAR Tradition\", is a race track built for NASCAR racing located near Darlington, South Carolina. It is of a unique, somewhat egg-shaped design, an oval with the ends of very different configurations, a condition which supposedly arose from the proximity of one end of the track to a minnow pond the owner refused to relocate. This situation makes it very challenging for the crews to set up their cars' handling in a way that will be effective at both ends.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 629]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069924-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Southern 500, Background\nThe track is a four-turn 1.366 miles (2.198\u00a0km) oval. The track's first two turns are banked at twenty-five degrees, while the final two turns are banked two degrees lower at twenty-three degrees. The front stretch (the location of the finish line) and the back stretch is banked at six degrees. Darlington Raceway can seat up to 60,000 people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069924-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Southern 500, Background\nDarlington has something of a legendary quality among drivers and older fans; this is probably due to its long track length relative to other NASCAR speedways of its era and hence the first venue where many of them became cognizant of the truly high speeds that stock cars could achieve on a long track. The track allegedly earned the moniker The Lady in Black because the night before the race the track maintenance crew would cover the entire track with fresh asphalt sealant, in the early years of the speedway, thus making the racing surface dark black.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069924-0003-0001", "contents": "1952 Southern 500, Background\nDarlington is also known as \"The Track Too Tough to Tame\" because drivers can run lap after lap without a problem and then bounce off of the wall the following lap. Racers will frequently explain that they have to race the racetrack, not their competition. Drivers hitting the wall are considered to have received their \"Darlington Stripe\" thanks to the missing paint on the right side of the car.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069924-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Southern 500, Race report\nSeven cautions were waved for forty laps in front of 32,400 audience members. The race's speed was 74.512 miles per hour (119.915\u00a0km/h) and 88.550 miles per hour (142.507\u00a0km/h) as the pole position speed. This race was constantly threatened to be postponed because of rain and was red flagged once because of actual rainfall. It took six hours, forty-two minutes, and thirty-seven seconds for the race to reach its conclusion, making it the longest Southern 500 ever; Fonty Flock was the winner. He would stop on the front straight, climb up on his hood and lead the entire crowd in singing his own version of the classic Southern American song Dixie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 682]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069924-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Southern 500, Race report\nFlock's uniform would consist of Bermuda shorts and argyle socks in addition to a pencil-thin moustache reminiscent of Clark Gable.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069924-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 Southern 500, Race report\nTotal winnings for this race were $23,855 ($229,672 when adjusted for inflation). Sixty-six drivers competed; all of them were born in the United States. Jim Paschal was the last place driver of the race; finishing in 66th with an engine problem on lap 18. Jimmy Ingram flipped his vehicle over on lap 91. In four attempts this was Tommy Thompson's best finish at Darlington. There were 12 different manufacturers in this race. Johnny Patterson's awesome 2nd place finish in his second start would prove to be his best in the Cup series. As well as the best finish for owner H.B. Ranier, father of Harry Ranier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 642]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069924-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 Southern 500, Race report\nRanier-Lundy Racing and Petty Enterprises were the only non-independent racing teams to show up for this race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069924-0008-0000", "contents": "1952 Southern 500, Race report\nTony Bonadies, Johnny Bridgers, Merritt Brown, Johnny Gouveia, Keith Hamner, Possum Jones, Pete Kelly, Banjo Matthews and Joe Weatherly made their NASCAR Grand National Series debut in this event. Roy Hall, Rudy Hires, Jimmy Ingram, Bill Miller, E. C. Ramsey and Rollin Smith would never race in professional stock car racing after this race. W. E. Baker, Al Conroy, Al Fleming and Herb Fry would make their only NASCAR appearances at this race. Red Vogt, Julian Buesink and B.B. Blackburn were the three notable crew chiefs at this event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 570]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069925-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Southern Conference Baseball Tournament\nThe 1952 Southern Conference Baseball Tournament was held in Raleigh, North Carolina from May 15 through May 18. The South Division's top seed Duke won their second tournament title. Duke coach Jack Coombs spent the tournament in the hospital with a kidney ailment. He would retire after the school year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069925-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Southern Conference Baseball Tournament, Seeding\nThe top two teams from each division participated in the tournament. The table below represents the most complete conference standings available, but the teams below all fielded baseball teams within the Southern Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 53], "content_span": [54, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069926-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Southern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament\nThe 1952 Southern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament took place from March 6\u20138, 1952 at the Reynolds Coliseum in Raleigh, North Carolina. The North Carolina State Wolfpack, led by head coach Everett Case, won their seventh Southern Conference title and received the automatic berth to the 1952 NCAA Tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069926-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Southern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament, Format\nThe top eight finishers of the conference's seventeen members were eligible for the tournament. Teams were seeded based on conference winning percentage. The tournament used a preset bracket consisting of three rounds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 60], "content_span": [61, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069927-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Southern Illinois Salukis football team\nThe 1952 Southern Illinois Salukis football team was an American football team that represented Southern Illinois University (now known as Southern Illinois University Carbondale) in the Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (IIAC) during the 1952 college football season. Under first-year head coach William O'Brien, the team compiled a 2\u20136 record. The team played its home games at McAndrew Stadium in Carbondale, Illinois.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069928-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Southport by-election\nThe 1952 Southport by-election was held on 6 February 1952 after the incumbent Conservative MP Robert Hudson was elevated to a hereditary peerage. The Conservative candidate was Roger Fleetwood-Hesketh, a former mayor of Southport. The Labour party selected 32-year old Alan Tillotson, an executive of the Bolton Evening News. Hubert Bentliff, who had been the Liberal party's candidate at the previous year's general election, ran again for the party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069928-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Southport by-election\nThe campaign focused mainly on issues arising from the general election, which had brought the Conservatives to power after six years of Labour government. For the Conservatives the focus was on the cost of living: \"we are applying the brakes to arrest the disastrous fall in the buying power of the pound ... we are determined to put a stop to the creeping inflation which is not only eating into our social services, pensions and savings, but destroying our capacity to import the food and raw materials by which we live\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069928-0001-0001", "contents": "1952 Southport by-election\nLabour insisted that the Conservatives had won the general election by blaming the party for all the difficulties of the post war period: \"They now admit ... that they were caused by circumstances outside the control of any Government\" and warned that cuts in social services \"might foreshadow more serious attacks on the welfare State in the Budget\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069928-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Southport by-election\nWith turnout down around 10,000 votes from the general election, the Labour vote declined slightly, Liberal support fell by nearly 4,000 and Conservative votes by nearly 6,000.. The result was a comfortable majority for the Conservatives in a constituency that they had only twice failed to win since the beginning of the century.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069929-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Southwestern Louisiana Bulldogs football team\nThe 1952 Southwestern Louisiana Bulldogs football team was an American football team that represented the Southwestern Louisiana Institute of Liberal and Technical Learning (now known as the University of Louisiana at Lafayette) in the Gulf States Conference during the 1952 college football season. In their second year under head coach Raymond Didier, the team compiled a 5\u20132\u20132 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069930-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Soviet Class B\nFollowing are the results of the 1952 Soviet First League football championship. FC Lokomotiv Kharkov winning the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069930-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Soviet Class B, Relegation play-off\nTo the play-off qualified the champion of the 1952 Football Championship of the Ukrainian SSR and the worst Ukrainian team of masters of the 1952 Soviet Class B.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 40], "content_span": [41, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069931-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Soviet Cup\nThe 1952 Soviet Cup was an association football cup competition of the Soviet Union.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069932-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Soviet Top League\n14 teams took part in the league with FC Spartak Moscow winning the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069933-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Spanish motorcycle Grand Prix\nThe 1952 Spanish motorcycle Grand Prix was the eighth and final round of the 1952 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on 5 October 1952 at the Montju\u00efc circuit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069934-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Speedway National League\nThe 1952 National League Division One was the 18th season of speedway in the United Kingdom and the seventh post-war season of the highest tier of motorcycle speedway in Great Britain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069934-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Speedway National League, Summary\nNorwich Stars joined the league. Wembley Lions won their fourth consecutive title and their seventh overall. Birmingham recorded their highest league finish to date by taking the runner-up spot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069934-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Speedway National League, Summary\nWhile riding for Wimbledon, on 22 July 1952 the American Ernie Roccio was killed after crashing into the fence at high speed at West Ham Stadium, it has been reported that he died instantly but the newspaper report states he died in hospital.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069934-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Speedway National League, National Trophy Stage Three\nThe 1952 National Trophy was the 15th edition of the Knockout Cup. The Trophy consisted of three stages; stage one was for the third tier clubs, stage two was for the second tier clubs and stage three was for the top tier clubs. The winner of stage one would qualify for stage two and the winner of stage two would qualify for the third and final stage. Harringay won the third and final stage and were therefore declared the 1952 National Trophy champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 58], "content_span": [59, 516]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069935-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Speedway National League Division Two\nThe 1952 National League Division Two was the seventh post-war season of the second tier of motorcycle speedway in Great Britain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069935-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Speedway National League Division Two, Summary\nThe post-war boom was now fading and the League was shortened to 12 teams with Division Three now defunct and continued only on a regional basis. Previous champions Norwich Stars had been promoted to Division One. Newcastle, Walthamstow and Halifax had closed whilst Fleetwood Flyers changed to Fleetwood Knights and ran only open meetings. Poole Pirates were the only new entrant, promoted from the former lower tier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 51], "content_span": [52, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069935-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Speedway National League Division Two, Summary\nPoole Pirates won the title, having won Division Three in the previous season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 51], "content_span": [52, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069935-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Speedway National League Division Two, National Trophy Stage Two\nThe 1952 National Trophy was the 15th edition of the Knockout Cup. The Trophy consisted of three stages; stage one was for the third tier clubs, stage two was for the second tier clubs and stage three was for the top tier clubs. The winner of stage one would qualify for stage two and the winner of stage two would qualify for the third and final stage. Poole won stage two and therefore qualified for stage three.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 69], "content_span": [70, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069936-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Speedway Southern League\nThe 1952 Southern League was the first season of the newly created regional third tier of speedway racing in the United Kingdom for Southern British teams. From the defunct National League Division Three of the previous season, only Poole Pirates did not join the new league. Ipswich Witches and Southampton Saints were new entrants.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069936-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Speedway Southern League\nRayleigh Rockets were champions whilst Long Eaton Archers withdrew mid-season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069936-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Speedway Southern League, National Trophy Stage Three\nThe 1952 National Trophy was the 15th edition of the Knockout Cup. The Trophy consisted of three stages; stage one was for the third tier clubs, stage two was for the second tier clubs and stage three was for the top tier clubs. The winner of stage one would qualify for stage two and the winner of stage two would qualify for the third and final stage. Plymouth won stage one and therefore qualified for stage two.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 58], "content_span": [59, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069937-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 St. Louis Browns season\nThe 1952 St. Louis Browns season was a season in American baseball. It involved the Browns finishing 7th in the American League with a record of 64 wins and 90 losses. This was the franchise's penultimate season in St. Louis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069937-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 St. Louis Browns season, Regular season\nIn 1952, Rogers Hornsby, an alleged former member of the Ku Klux Klan, took over as manager of the Browns. Despite past accusations of racism, Hornsby was less hesitant to use pitcher Satchel Paige than Indians manager Lou Boudreau had been four years before. Paige was so effective that when Hornsby was fired by Browns owner Bill Veeck, his successor Marty Marion seemed not to want to risk going more than three games without using Paige in some form.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 44], "content_span": [45, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069937-0001-0001", "contents": "1952 St. Louis Browns season, Regular season\nBy July 4, with Paige having worked in 25 games, Casey Stengel named him to the American League All-Star team, making him the first black pitcher on an AL All-Star team. The All-Star game was cut short after five innings due to rain and Paige never got in. Stengel resolved to name him to the team the following year. Paige finished the year 12\u201310 with a 3.07 ERA for a team that lost ninety games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 44], "content_span": [45, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069937-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 73], "content_span": [74, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069937-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069937-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069937-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 68], "content_span": [69, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069937-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 69], "content_span": [70, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069938-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 St. Louis Cardinals season\nThe 1952 St. Louis Cardinals season was the team's 71st season in St. Louis, Missouri and the 61st season in the National League. The Cardinals went 88\u201366 during the season and finished 3rd in the National League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069938-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 St. Louis Cardinals season\nFollowing his acquisition during the offseason, Eddie Stanky was named player-manager and eased himself out of the lineup over the course of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069938-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 76], "content_span": [77, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069938-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 69], "content_span": [70, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069938-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 74], "content_span": [75, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069938-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069938-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 72], "content_span": [73, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069939-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Stanford Indians football team\nThe 1952 Stanford Indians football team represented Stanford University in the 1952 college football season. The team was led by head coach Chuck Taylor in his second year and played their home games at Stanford Stadium in Stanford, California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069939-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Stanford Indians football team\nAfter winning the conference and making it to the Rose Bowl in the previous season, the team was ranked #13 in preseason polls. After winning their first four games, the team lost five of the last six games, including a 26\u20130 Big Game shutout\u2014its worst loss to rival California in more than half a century\u2014to finish well out of the conference championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069939-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Stanford Indians football team\nRunning back Bob Mathias, who had won his second gold medal in the decathlon earlier in the summer at the 1952 Summer Olympics, was Stanford's only 1953 NFL Draft selection.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069940-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Stanley Cup Finals\nThe 1952 Stanley Cup Finals was contested by the Detroit Red Wings and the Montreal Canadiens in the first of the four Detroit-Montreal Finals series of the 1950s. The Canadiens were appearing in their second straight Finals series, while Detroit was returning after winning in 1950. The Red Wings won the series 4\u20130, shutting out the Canadiens twice and allowing one goal in each of the other two games. By doing so, the Red Wings became the first team to go perfect in the playoffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069940-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Stanley Cup Finals, Paths to the Finals\nDetroit defeated the defending champion Toronto Maple Leafs 4\u20130 to reach the Finals. Montreal defeated the Boston Bruins 4\u20133 to reach the Finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069940-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Stanley Cup Finals, Game summaries\nTerry Sawchuk posted two shutouts in his Cup Finals debut. Gordie Howe scored two goals in his Cup Finals debut. The Red Wings would go through the playoffs undefeated, a feat that has been replicated only once since: in 1960, the Canadiens would go 8\u20130 against first the Chicago Black Hawks and then the Maple Leafs en route to their record fifth consecutive Stanley Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 39], "content_span": [40, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069940-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Stanley Cup Finals, Stanley Cup engraving\nThe 1952 Stanley Cup was presented to Red Wings captain Sid Abel by NHL President Clarence Campbell following the Red Wings 3\u20130 win over the Canadiens in game four.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 46], "content_span": [47, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069940-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Stanley Cup Finals, Stanley Cup engraving\nThe following Red Wings players and staff had their names engraved on the Stanley Cup", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 46], "content_span": [47, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069941-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Star World Championship\nThe 1952 Star World Championship was held in Cascais, Portugal in 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069941-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Star World Championship, Results\nLegend: DNS \u2013 Did not start; DSQ \u2013 Disqualified; WDR \u2013 Withdrew;", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069942-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 State of the Union Address\nThe 1952 State of the Union Address was given by Harry S. Truman, the 33rd president of the United States, on Wednesday, January 9, 1952. It was given to both houses of the 82nd United States Congress at the same time. In it, he said these words: \"If the Soviet leaders were to accept this proposal, it would lighten the burden of armaments, and permit the resources of the earth to be devoted to the good of mankind. But until the Soviet Union accepts a sound disarmament proposal, and joins in peaceful settlements, we have no choice except to build up our defenses.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 601]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069943-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Sugar Bowl\nThe 1952 Sugar Bowl was a postseason American college football bowl game between the Tennessee Volunteers and the Maryland Terrapins at the Tulane Stadium in New Orleans, Louisiana, on January 1, 1952. It was the eighteenth edition of the annual Sugar Bowl football contest. Tennessee represented the Southeastern Conference (SEC) in the contest, while Maryland represented the Southern Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069943-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Sugar Bowl\nIn the first quarter, Maryland scored on a two-yard touchdown run Ed Fullerton, giving the Terrapins a 7\u20130 lead. In the second quarter, Fullerton threw a six-yard touchdown pass to Bob Shemonski, as the Terrapins built a 14\u20130 lead. Jack Scarbath scored on a one-yard touchdown run making it 21\u20130. Tennessee got on the board with a 4-yard touchdown pass from Payne to Rechichar as the score was 21\u20136 at halftime. In the third quarter, Fullerton scored on a 46-yard interception return making it 28\u20136. In the fourth quarter, Tennessee's Payne scored on a 2-yard touchdown run making the final score 28\u201313. Ed Modzelewski was named the game MVP.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 658]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics\nThe 1952 Summer Olympics (Finnish: Kes\u00e4olympialaiset 1952; Swedish: Olympiska sommarspelen 1952), officially known as the Games of the XV Olympiad (Finnish: XV olympiadin kisat; Swedish: Den XV olympiadens spel) and commonly known as Helsinki 1952 (Swedish: Helsingfors 1952), were an international multi-sport event held from 19 July to 3 August 1952 in Helsinki, Finland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics\nAfter Japan declared in 1938 that it would be unable to host 1940 Olympics in Tokyo due to the ongoing Second Sino-Japanese War, Helsinki had been selected to host the 1940 Summer Olympics, which were then cancelled due to World War II. Tokyo eventually hosted the games in 1964. Helsinki is the northernmost city at which a summer Olympic Games have been held. With London hosting the 1948 Olympics, 1952 is the most recent time when two consecutive summer Olympics Games were held entirely in Europe.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics\nThey were also the Olympic Games at which the most world records were broken until they were surpassed by the 2008 Summer Games in Beijing. The Soviet Union, the People's Republic of China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Israel, Thailand, and Saarland made their Olympic debuts at the 1952 Games. The United States won the most gold and overall medals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Background and preparation of the Games, Host city selection\nInspired by the success of the Swedish 1912 Olympics, Finnish sports fans began to arouse the idea of their own Olympic Games: for example, Erik von Frenckell publicly presented his dreams of the Finnish Olympic Games at the opening of the 1915 T\u00f6\u00f6l\u00f6n Pallokentt\u00e4.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 82], "content_span": [83, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Background and preparation of the Games, Host city selection\nAs the Olympic success continued in the 1920s, enthusiasm for one's own Olympics grew, and after the 1920 Antwerp Olympics, Finnish sports leaders began planning to build a stadium in Helsinki in 1920. Finland's main sports organizations and the City of Helsinki founded the Stadion Foundation in 1927 to get the stadium to Helsinki. In the same year, Ernst Edvard Krogius, who represented Finland on the International Olympic Committee (IOC), announced Finland's willingness to host the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 82], "content_span": [83, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Background and preparation of the Games, Host city selection\nIn 1930, preparations for the 1936 Games, which was accelerated by the launch of a design project for the Olympic Stadium. However, Helsinki was not a candidate in the first round in 1931, and Berlin won the competition, but Helsinki immediately registered as a candidate for the 1940 Games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 82], "content_span": [83, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0005-0001", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Background and preparation of the Games, Host city selection\nThose games were awarded to Tokyo in 1936, and two years later with the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War Japan announced they were giving up the 1940 games, and four days later the IOC offered the Games to Helsinki, which agreed to take over, although there was little time left to prepare for the Games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 82], "content_span": [83, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Background and preparation of the Games, Host city selection\nWorld War II broke out on 1 September 1939, with the German invasion of Poland, which also drew Britain and France to war. Despite the aggression, the Organizing Committee of the Olympic Games continued to be optimistic about the preparations for the Games. However, the Winter War, initiated by the Soviet Union on 30 November 1939, halted planning for the games. After the Winter War, the Organizing Committee decided to abandon the Games on 20 March 1940 due to the hostilities across Europe, the suspension of preparations caused by the Winter War, and the deplorable economic situation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 82], "content_span": [83, 674]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0006-0001", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Background and preparation of the Games, Host city selection\nAt the meeting of the Finnish Olympic Committee on 20 April 1940, the Olympic Games in Finland were officially canceled. In the meantime, World War II had already expanded, with Germany occupying Denmark and fighting in Norway. Instead of the Olympic Games, Finland held a Memorial Competitions for Fallen Athletes who died in the Winter War, at the opening of which actor Eino Kaipainen recited the poem Silent Winners written by Yrj\u00f6 Jylh\u00e4. The memorial competitions were held on the initiative of the sports journalist Sulo Kolka.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 82], "content_span": [83, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Background and preparation of the Games, Host city selection\nAt the end of World War II, London was awarded the 1948 Summer Olympics after the city was originally granted the 1944 Games, which were canceled due to the war. Helsinki continued its attempt to have the Games organized and registered as candidates for the 1952 Games. At the IOC Congress in Stockholm on 21 June 1947, Helsinki was chosen as the host city, over the Netherlands (Amsterdam) and the United States Los Angeles, Minneapolis, Detroit, Chicago and Philadelphia were left behind in Helsinki. Helsinki's strengths included the fairly completed venues built for the 1940 Games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 82], "content_span": [83, 669]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0008-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Background and preparation of the Games, Organising Committee\nAfter confirmation that Helsinki would host the Games, the \"XV Olympia Helsinki 1952\" was established as the organizing committee of the Games on 8 September 1947. Its members were the Finnish Olympic Committee, the Finnish State, the City of Helsinki and 26 various sports organizations. The mayor of Helsinki Erik von Frenckell was elected chairman of the committee, who at the time also chaired Finnish Football Association. Akseli Kaskela, Olavi Suvanto and Armas-Eino Martola were elected Vice-Chairs. Among them, Kaskela and Suvanto were elected on political grounds as representatives of the bourgeois SVUL and the leftist TUL, Martola, on the other hand, got a former officer to lead the organization of the practical arrangements.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 83], "content_span": [84, 823]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0009-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Background and preparation of the Games, Organising Committee\nOther members of the Organizing Committee were Yrj\u00f6 Enne, V\u00e4in\u00f6 AM Karikoski, Urho Kekkonen, Ernst Krogius , William Lehtinen, Aarne K. Leskinen, Eino Pekkala, V\u00e4in\u00f6 Salovaara and Erik \u00c5str\u00f6m. In 1948\u20131949, Karikoski, Kekkonen, Krogius and Lehtinen resigned from the committee, and Lauri Miettinen, Arno Tuurna and Yrj\u00f6 Valkama were elected to replace them. In the spring of 1952, Ente was replaced by Arvi E. Heiskanen and as completely new members by Mauno Pekkala and Aaro Tynell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 83], "content_span": [84, 567]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0010-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Background and preparation of the Games, Organising Committee\nErik von Frenckell was the chairman of the organizing committee and the other members were Armas-Eino Martola (competition director), Yrj\u00f6 Valkama (sports director), Olavi Suvanto (maintenance director), Akseli Kaskela, Aarne K. Leskinen and Niilo Koskinen. In addition, the head of the central office Kallio Kotkas and the head of information Eero Pet\u00e4j\u00e4niemi were involved in the competition organization.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 83], "content_span": [84, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0011-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Background and preparation of the Games, Political situation\nThe international political atmosphere was tense when the Helsinki Olympics were held. When the IOC held its meeting in Vienna in 1951, many difficult topics were on the agenda. The Cold War was under way, and the situation between Israel and Arab countries, divided Germany had to be addressed as a team, and the Chinese Civil War, with the Chinese Communist Party winning, forming the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China government exiled to Taiwan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 82], "content_span": [83, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0012-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Background and preparation of the Games, Political situation\nFour years earlier, Japan was not invited to the London Olympics from the losing states of the Second World War. The Olympic Committee of Israel had not yet been recognized, and a successor to the German Olympic Committee, which had been dissolved during World War II, had not yet been established, but all these countries already participated in the Helsinki Games, as did Saarland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 82], "content_span": [83, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0013-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Background and preparation of the Games, Political situation\nThe Cold War affected the participation of both the United States and the Soviet Union in the Games. The participation of the United States in the Games was decided only after the country had received an assessment of the political situation in Finland from its embassy in Helsinki. The Soviet Union was accepted as a member of the IOC in May 1951, and in December of the same year the country accepted the invitation to the competition, as the country's athletes were in medal condition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 82], "content_span": [83, 571]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0013-0001", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Background and preparation of the Games, Political situation\nAlthough the Soviet leadership had previously considered the Games a bourgeois event, the Helsinki Games held propaganda value. In the Soviet Union, billions of rubles were spent on coaching athletes in just one year. The Soviet Union planned to fly its athletes every day between Leningrad and Helsinki. Another option was for Soviet athletes to stay in the Soviet Porkkalanniemi garrison. However, Finland required that all competitors stay in the race village. As a compromise solution for the Eastern Bloc athletes, a second race village was established in Espoo, Otaniemi.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 82], "content_span": [83, 660]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0014-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Background and preparation of the Games, Political situation\nThe 1952 Games were also threatened with cancellation due to the deteriorating world situation. The Korean War had begun in 1950, which also caused concern in the organizing committee. At Von Frenckell's suggestion, the organizing committee decided to take out Lloyd's of London war insurance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 82], "content_span": [83, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0015-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Background and preparation of the Games, Construction work\nMost of the venues for the competitions were completed prior to the 1940s in anticipation of successful bid attempts, but some expansion and refurbishment work was needed, including the construction of additional stands at the Olympic and Swimming Stadium. A residential area, Kisakyl\u00e4 (Olympic Village) was built south of K\u00e4pyl\u00e4's Koskelantie to accommodate competitors. The area, which was built close to the 1940 Olympics, was already the residence of the people of Helsinki at that time. Just below the opening, the competition area was completed for the use of visitors Kumpula Outdoor Swimming Pool. Female athletes got their own race village from the Nursing College in Meilahti. The athletes of the Soviet-led Eastern Bloc stayed in the Teekkarikyl\u00e4 in Otaniemi. The Finnish team lived on the premises of the Santahamina Army School (later the Cadet School, now the National Defence University).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 80], "content_span": [81, 984]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0016-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Background and preparation of the Games, Construction work\nThe City of Helsinki prepared for the Olympics by building a new airport in Seutula (now Helsinki-Vantaan lentoasema),  the Olympic Pier South Harbor and paving tens of kilometers of roads. The city's first traffic lights were installed at the intersection of Aleksanterinkatu and Mikonkatu in October 1951. The Palace Hotel and Vaakuna Hotels among others, were completed for the needs of the guests. However, due to the relatively low number of hotels in the city, tent villages were built for tourists in Lauttasaari and Seurasaari, among others. However, the preparations for accommodation turned out to be considerably oversized, at its best, the occupancy rate of the 6,000-seat tent village in Lauttasaari had an occupancy of only 8 per cent. With the support of the Olympia 1952 committee, Finland's first mini golf courses were completed to entertain guests.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 80], "content_span": [81, 948]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0017-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Background and preparation of the Games, Anthem\nThe International Olympic Committee had declared in 1950 that it did not have an official Olympic anthem, but that the organizers could decide their own anthems. An anthem competition was held in Finland. In the spring of 1951, a poetry competition was announced, which was surprisingly won by an unknown teacher candidate, Niilo Partanen. Second and third came the well-known poets Toivo Lyy and Heikki Asunta. These winning poems were allowed to be used in the composition competition. The selection of the 51 compositions by a jury chaired by Jouko Tolonen was also a surprise. When the winner was announced on 17 March 1952, an unknown teacher Jaakko Linjama was revealed behind the nickname, who had used Lyy's lyrics in his Olympic Hymn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 69], "content_span": [70, 813]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0018-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Background and preparation of the Games, Anthem\nThe nicknames of the other contestants were not opened. This caused a stir, and the Arijoutsi, among others, doubted that the victory of the unknown would go to the honor of well-known composers. There were well-known members in the competition. The voters had identified the composing style of Uuno Klami and Aarre Merikanto, among others. The only Finnish composer who congratulated Linjamaa was Jean Sibelius, who did not take part in the anthem.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 69], "content_span": [70, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0019-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Torch relay\nThe Olympic torch was transported by land from Olympia to Athens from where fire's journey continued in a miner's lamp donated by the Saar Olympic Committee on a SAS plane to Aalborg, Denmark. The glass cover surrounding the lamp was designed by the artist Sakari Tohka. The Olympic torch itself was designed by the artist Aukusti Tuhka.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0020-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Torch relay\nFrom Denmark, the torchlight continued by running, cycling, riding, rowing and paddling to Copenhagen, from where the fire was transported by ferry to Sweden to Malm\u00f6. The journey of the torch across Sweden was carried to Haparanda by 700 messengers, from where it continued to the Finnish side in Tornio. On the Finnish-Swedish border bridge, the torch was received by Ville P\u00f6rh\u00f6l\u00e4, who brought it to Tornio sports ground. The Olympic torch from Tornio, Greece, was connected to Pallastunturi on 6 July 1952 where it ignited the \u201cmidnight sun fire\u201d. In reality, the Pallastunturi fire was lit with liquefied petroleum gas, because the night in July was cloudy at that time and it was not possible to use the sun as a lighter. From Tornio, the torch traveled through Finland to Helsinki. It was transported by more than 1,200 people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 868]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0021-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Torch relay\nInitially, the aim was to transport fire to Helsinki via the Soviet Union, but the matter was not settled through diplomacy by the deadline. The journey covered a total of 7,870 kilometres on the journey that began on 25 June and ended on 19 July 1952. The actual Olympic flame was lit for the Olympic Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0022-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Opening ceremony\nThe opening ceremony of the Helsinki Olympics was held on 19 July. Although the weather was rainy and chilly and the Olympic Stadium had no roof but on top of the main auditorium, the stadium was full with 70,435 spectators. The inaugural march had a record 5,469 people from 67 countries. After the march, the countries organized themselves into the central lawn, and the chairman of the organizing committee, Erik von Frenckell, spoke in Finnish, Swedish, French and English.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 38], "content_span": [39, 516]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0023-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Opening ceremony\nPresident of the Republic J. K. Paasikivi gave the opening speech, which was the shortest in Olympic history and contained a mistake: it was not the \"Fifteenth Olympic Games\", but the XV Olympic Games and the 12th World Olympics, due to the 1916, 1940 and 1944 races had been canceled. The speech was followed by the raising of the Olympic flag and the  Olympic fanfare composed by Aarre Merikanto. The President's speech was as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 38], "content_span": [39, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0024-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Opening ceremony\nIt gives me great pleasure to address a message of greeting to the young people of the world as they prepare for the fifteenth Olympic Games which are, once again, to be celebrated in a spirit worthy of the ideals of Baron de Coubertin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 38], "content_span": [39, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0025-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Opening ceremony\nThis happy cooperation between young people of all countries will serve the great call of concord and peace among the nations of the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 38], "content_span": [39, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0026-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Opening ceremony\nI am particularly pleased to be sending you this advance greeting because, as a young man, I was myself an enthusiastic gymnast and athlete. And I have retained throughout my life a deep interest in athletics and sports of all kinds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 38], "content_span": [39, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0027-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Opening ceremony\nI am convinced that the Finnish people, loving sport as they do, will spare no effort to make the 1952 Olympic Games a complete success.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 38], "content_span": [39, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0028-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Opening ceremony\nThe Olympic flame was lit by running heroes Paavo Nurmi (to the stadium) and Hannes Kolehmainen (to the stadium tower). When Paavo Nurmi was announced to arrive at the stadium, athletes from the participating countries deviated from the formation to see the legend better. Only the lines of the Soviet Union and Finland remained in the line.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 38], "content_span": [39, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0029-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Opening ceremony\nAfter the Olympic flame was lit, the Archbishop Ilmari Salomies was due to say a prayer, but German Barbara Rotbraut-Pleyer, nicknamed \u201cWhite Angel of the Games\u201d, had jumped from the auditorium onto the track and ran straight to the speaker's seat. Organizers quickly removed Pleyer, who had time to say just a few words into the microphone. Pleyer's purpose was to proclaim a message of peace. Heikki Savolainen, a gymnast who was competing in his fifth consecutive Olympic games, swore the Olympic oath on behalf of the athletes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 38], "content_span": [39, 570]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0030-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Sports Events\nThere were 4,925 athletes from 69 different countries, of which the Soviet Union first participated in the Olympics and Germany for the first time since World War II. A total of 149 competitions were held in 17 different sports.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 35], "content_span": [36, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0031-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Sports Events\nThe biggest heroes of the Games were Viktor Chukarin of the Soviet Union, who won four gymnastics Olympic gold medals, and Czechoslovakia\u2019s Emil Z\u00e1topek, who won three running golds. The United States achieved the most medals; 40 gold, 19 silver, 17 bronze. The host country, Finland, had 6 gold, 3 silver and 13 bronze medals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 35], "content_span": [36, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0032-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Sports Events, Shooting\nShooting was competed in seven events, six of which (rifle sports) were conducted at the Malmin Shooting Range in moderately difficult wind conditions. Tough results were still fired in Helsinki, as the top four deer shooting broke world records. World records for knee position were also broken in free and small rifles. Shotgun shooting took place at the Huopalahti shooting range.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 45], "content_span": [46, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0033-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Sports Events, Shooting\nTen countries took medals from the shooting. Norway was the only country to win two gold medals, with the Soviet Union winning the most medals. Boris Andreyev was the only shooter in the Soviet Union to win two medals. A Finnish winner was already celebrated in a miniature rifle when Vilho Yl\u00f6nen had time to play on the radio Bj\u00f6rneborgarnas marsch. However, in an hour-long countdown, the Norwegian Erling Asbj\u00f8rn Kongshaug was declared the winner of the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 45], "content_span": [46, 516]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0034-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Sports Events, Football\nThe football tournament started even before the official opening, as the one-piece qualifiers took place on 15\u201316 July in Kotka, Lahti, Tampere, Turku and Helsinki. There were 27 countries registered for the tournament, but Saarland and Mexico dropped out before the Games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 45], "content_span": [46, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0035-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Sports Events, Football\nHungary Golden Team won the gold when it knocked down the Yugoslavia in the final with a score of 2\u20130. Sweden won a bronze medal. In the final, the Olympic Stadium had 583 paid spectators, the largest number of spectators in Finland watching a football match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 45], "content_span": [46, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0036-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Sports Events, Football\nThe first meeting between the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia in football is still amongst the most famous matches. On the political level, the Soviet leader Joseph Stalin and the Yugoslav leader Josip Tito split in 1948, which resulted in Yugoslavia being excluded from the Communist Information Bureau. The origin of the conflict was Tito's refusal to submit to Stalin's interpretations and visions of politics and in process becoming a Soviet satellite state. Before the match, both Tito and Stalin sent telegrams to their national teams, which showed just how important it was for the two head of states.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 45], "content_span": [46, 650]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0036-0001", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Sports Events, Football\nYugoslavia led 5\u20131, but a Soviet comeback in the last 15 minutes resulted in a 5\u20135 draw. The match was replayed, Yugoslavia winning 3\u20131. The defeat to the archrivals hit Soviet football hard, and after just three games played in the season, CSKA Moscow, who had made up most of the USSR squad, was forced to withdraw from the league and later disbanded. Furthermore, Boris Arkadiev, who coached both USSR and CDKA, was stripped of his Merited Master of Sports of the USSR title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 45], "content_span": [46, 524]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0037-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Sports Events, Basketball\n23 teams entered basketball, ten of which made it directly to the actual tournament. The remaining 13 countries took the final six places in the Olympic tournament before the official opening of the Olympic Games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 47], "content_span": [48, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0038-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Sports Events, Basketball\nIn basketball, gold was won by the United States, who defeated Soviet Union 36\u201325. The final match was relatively slow-paced, as the Soviet Union tried to keep up with the United States by freezing the game. The United States had already clearly defeated the Soviet Union 86\u201358 in the tournament. The bronze was won by Uruguay, who also organized a mass battle in the tournament after being dissatisfied with the referee's work.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 47], "content_span": [48, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0039-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Sports Events, Field Hockey\nField hockey was included in the Helsinki Olympic Games in the range of sports on the condition that a maximum of 12 teams register for the Games. In the end, 16 teams applied for the competition, from which the International Field Hockey Federation selected 12 countries to participate in the competition venue. Eventually, four countries dropped out of the Games, so anyone was able to take part in the Olympic tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 49], "content_span": [50, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0040-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Sports Events, Field Hockey\nThe tournament started with two rounds before the Games opened, and the final match was held on July 24. India and Netherlands met in the Velodrome final with India winning its fifth consecutive gold under captaincy of Kunwar Digvijay Singh with a score of 6\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 49], "content_span": [50, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0041-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Sports Events, Canoeing\nCanoeing competitions were held Taivallahti 27\u201328 July. There were a total of 159 participants in eight men's and women's only races, coming from 21 countries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 45], "content_span": [46, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0042-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Sports Events, Canoeing\nCanoeing was a celebration in Finland, as four of the nine sports went to the host country. In addition, the Finns took one silver and a bronze. The double gold medalists were Kurt Wires and Yrj\u00f6 Hietanen who won the kayak duo's 1,000 and 10,000 meters. In the only women's sport, the 500-meter kayak unit, gold was taken by Sylvi Saimo, who was the first Finnish female gold medalist in the summer competitions. The second most successful country in kayaking was Sweden, which won one gold and three silver.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 45], "content_span": [46, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0043-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Sports Events, Fencing\nHelsinki Olympics fencing competitions were held on the Espoo side of the Westend Tennis Hall. The men competed with \u00c9p\u00e9e, sabre and foil in both personal competition and team competition. The women had only a personal competition for foil in the program. There were 250 men and 37 women from 32 countries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 44], "content_span": [45, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0044-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Sports Events, Fencing\nItaly, Hungary and France were, as usual, the best fencing countries and took all the gold medals. A total of six countries reached medals. The Mangiarot brothers Edoardo and Dario took a double victory over the film. Hungarian swordsmen won a triple victory over the preserve.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 44], "content_span": [45, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0045-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Sports Events, Modern Pentathlon\nThe Modern pentathlon Olympic competitions was held at Ahvenisto H\u00e4meenlinna. A total of 51 competitors from 19 countries entered the sport. For the first time in Olympic history, the sport also included a team competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 54], "content_span": [55, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0046-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Sports Events, Modern Pentathlon\nSweden, Hungary and Finland shared the medals. Sweden's Lars Hall won the individual competition, and Hungary was the best in the team competition. Before Hall, all Olympic winners of the sport have been officers. However, Hall was a carpenter by profession.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 54], "content_span": [55, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0047-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Sports Events, Boxing\nT\u00f6\u00f6l\u00f6 Sports Hall held Olympic boxing between 28 July to 2 August in ten weight classes. There were a total of 240 participants. A total of 17 countries won medals. The most successful boxing country was the United States, which won five gold. The Soviet Union won the most medals, but its boxers did not win a single championship. Finnish boxers reached five medals. In the middle series, the American Floyd Patterson knocked out Romanian Vasile Ti\u021b\u0103 in a record-breaking 42 seconds. The American Norvel Lee, who won the heavyweight series, was awarded as the most technical boxer in the Games. In the heavyweight series Ed Sanders got gold when the Swedish Ingemar Johansson was rejected for his passivity. Johansson did not receive his silver medal until 1982.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 43], "content_span": [44, 807]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0048-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Sports Events, Wrestling\nWrestling was held in Helsinki in eight weight classes in both Greco-Roman wrestling and freestyle wrestling. All finals were held in the larger Exhibition Hall I, but freestyle wrestling events were held in the smaller Exhibition Hall II. Free button competitions were held on 20\u201323. July, and Greco-Roman wrestling matches took place on 24\u201327 July.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 46], "content_span": [47, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0049-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Sports Events, Wrestling\nThe most successful wrestling country was the Soviet Union, whose athletes won six gold and a total of ten medals in the sport. Sweden dominated free wrestling and received the second highest number of medals in wrestling overall. The overwhelming athlete in wrestling was the Soviet Johannes Kotkas, who competed in the heavy series of Greco-Roman wrestling. He managed to beat all his opponents in less than five minutes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 46], "content_span": [47, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0050-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Sports Events, Weightlifting\nThe Olympic weightlifting competition was held in seven weight classes with 141 competitors. Initially, there were to be only six weight classes, but a light heavyweight series was also added to the program, as a result of which the weight limit for the heavyweight series increased from 82.5 kilograms to 90 kilograms. The addition of the new weight class took place so late that there was no time to change the race program. Weightlifting was carried out according to plan at the Exhibition Hall on 25\u201327 July.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 50], "content_span": [51, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0051-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Sports Events, Weightlifting\nAll seven gold medals were awarded to athletes from the United States and the Soviet Union. The Soviets won a total of seven medals, but the Americans took four championships, while the Soviets only took three. A total of five world records were set in weightlifting. In the heavyweight series John Davis continued his superiority, Davis had not lost a single event since 1938 and continued with his victory in Helsinki as well.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 50], "content_span": [51, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0052-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Sports Events, Sailing\nThe competition took place in the waters of Helsinki from 20 to 28 May in five different categories. Larger boats sailed in front of Harmaja lighthouse lighthouse island, and the Finn race was held near Liuskasaari. A total of 93 crews from 29 countries took part in the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 44], "content_span": [45, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0053-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Sports Events, Sailing\nThe United States, Norway and Sweden took three medals. The United States was the only country to reach two gold medals in sailing. In the Finn that developed from the Firefly class, the Danish Paul Elvstr\u00f8m won the overwhelming championship. The gold medal was the second in Elvstr\u00f8m's career. He later became the first athlete to win the same sport four times in a row.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 44], "content_span": [45, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0054-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Sports Events, Cycling\nIn cycling, medals were awarded in six sports, four for track cycling and two for road racing. In total, 214 competitors from 36 countries took part in the cycling. Track cycling competitions were held from 29 to 31 July and road driving on 2 August.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 44], "content_span": [45, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0055-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Sports Events, Cycling\nA total of seven countries collected medals and gold medals went to Italy, Australia and Belgium. Italy was the most successful country with five medals. Two gold medals went to Australian Russell Mockridge, who won the championship in the kilometer time trial and with his partner in tandem racing, and the Belgian Andr\u00e9 Noyelle, who won the 190 kilometer road race personal competition and team competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 44], "content_span": [45, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0056-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Sports Events, Equestrian\nEquestrian was competed in dressage, Eventing and show jumping in person and in team competition in a total of six sports. Eight countries won medals in horseback riding, and Sweden was by far the most successful country. The Swedes won both races in both dressage and field riding.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 47], "content_span": [48, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0057-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Sports Events, Equestrian\nFor the events in first time non-military officers including women were allowed to take part in dressage events in Helsinki. In a show jumping, Danish Lis Hartel, paralyzed from her knees down, was the first woman to win a riding medal after finishing second in the Olympics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 47], "content_span": [48, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0058-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Sports Events, Rowing\nRowers competed in seven sports from the 20th to the 23rd of July. The competition was held in Meilahti, as Taivallahti, where the canoeing competitions took place, was too open to the sea breeze. There were a total of 409 entrants from 33 countries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 43], "content_span": [44, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0059-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Sports Events, Rowing\nRepresentatives from fourteen countries won medals, and only American rowers won two gold medals. The youngest Olympic winner of the Games was seen in Rowing. In the coxswain duo, the French winning team included 14 years old Bernard Malivoire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 43], "content_span": [44, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0060-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Sports Events, Diving\nDiving competed in a total of four men's and women's events. The United States led the events, as nine of the 12 medals in the distribution went to the country. In addition to the United States, only France, Mexico and Germany won medals in the sport. Patricia McCormick won Olympic gold in the women from both the three-meter springboard and the ten-meter floor jump.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 43], "content_span": [44, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0061-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Sports Events, Swimming\nAt the Helsinki Swimming Stadium men competed in six sports and women in five sports. High-level competitions were held from July 25 to 2 August. Summer Olympics in London had resulted in significant progress in the sport, and every Olympic record was broken in each event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 45], "content_span": [46, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0062-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Sports Events, Swimming\nThe Americans dominated men's events and the Hungarians dominated women. Both countries won four gold medals. Ford Konno was the most successful swimmer with two gold medals and one silver. In the women's events Katalin Sz\u0151ke won two gold medals and \u00c9va Nov\u00e1k two silver in addition to the gold medal. The only world record in the Games was set by the Hungarian women's 4 \u00d7 100 meter freestyle message team. The Helsinki Olympics, was the last instance where competitors could participate in Breaststroke in the butterfly stroke. In the men's events, no athlete swimming in the breaststroke style made it to the finals. In women, Nov\u00e1k won silver.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 45], "content_span": [46, 693]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0063-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Sports Events, Water polo\nA total of 21 countries took part in the water polo tournament. The initial series of the Games was to be played in the offshore pools, but due to the coolness of the water, the International Swimming Federation ordered all the matches to be played at the Swimming Stadium. Because of this, some of the matches in the first series had to be played as early as six in the morning.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 47], "content_span": [48, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0064-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Sports Events, Water polo\nThe water polo championship was decided in the final block, where the four teams faced each other once. Hungary and Yugoslavia ended in a draw after winning two other matches and playing 2-2 each other. Hungary won gold with a better goal difference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 47], "content_span": [48, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0065-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Sports Events, Gymnastics\nThe 1952 Olympic gymnastics was dominated by the Soviet Union, which participated in the Games for the first time with athletes winning nine gold medals and took a total of 22 medals. Finland, Germany and Switzerland, who previously dominated the gymnastics at the Olympics, were content with more modest success. A total of fifteen medals were awarded, eight men's and seven women's sports.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 47], "content_span": [48, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0066-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Sports Events, Gymnastics\nThe most personal medals in gymnastics were taken by Viktor Chukarin in the men's events and Maria Gorokhovskaya in the women's events. Chukarin won four gold and two silver. Gorokhovskaya won medals in every women's sport. Her seven-medal catch (two gold and five silver) is a record for one women's Olympics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 47], "content_span": [48, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0067-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Sports Events, Athletics\nAthletics was competed in 33 sports, 24 for men and 9 for women. By far the most successful state was the United States, which won 31 medals, nine of which were gold. The Soviet Union reached 17 medals, but won only two championships, and the eight-medal country Germany was left without first places. The second medalist was Czechoslovakia, with four of the five medals being the brightest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 46], "content_span": [47, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0068-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Sports Events, Athletics\nEmil Z\u00e1topek won the 5,000 and 10,000 meters, as well as the marathon, which he had never run before. On the women's side, the Australian Marjorie Jackson won the 100 and 200 meter runs. World records were set in seven events. In the triple jump Adhemar Ferreira da Silva broke the old world record four times. In the decathlon, Bob Mathias made a new ME and took the victory with a total score of 7,887 points, more than 900 points to the next. Josy Barthel of Luxembourg pulled a major surprise by winning the 1500 m.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 46], "content_span": [47, 566]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0069-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Sports Events, Demonstration sports\nAccording to the Olympic rules, the organizer of the Games was allowed to choose between two types of demonstration sports, one from abroad and one from Finland. In connection with the Helsinki Games, a handball and baseball match was held. In the handball match of the Games, Sweden and Denmark faced at the Olympic Stadium. The level of playing outside was modest due to heavy rain. Sweden won by a goal from 19 to 11.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 57], "content_span": [58, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0070-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Sports Events, Demonstration sports\nThe baseball match was also played at the Olympic Stadium. The Finnish Baseball Federation and Finnish Workers' Sports Federation teams competed in the event. The Baseball Federation won the match 8\u20134. During the breaks in both shows, the audience was entertained by the performances of Finnish male and female gymnasts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 57], "content_span": [58, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0071-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Venues\nWith an annual average temperature of 5.9\u00a0\u00b0C (42.6\u00a0\u00b0F), Helsinki is one of the coldest cities to have hosted the Summer Olympics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0072-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Venues\nMost of the competition venues were located in Helsinki Metropolitan Area. Modern pentathlon and some field hockey games were held in H\u00e4meenlinna and some football games by Tampere, Lahti, Kotka and Turku.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0073-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Venues\nThe main arena was the Olympic Stadium, which hosted the opening and closing ceremonies, athletics competitions, football semi-finals and finals, as well as the show jumping competition \u201cPrix des Nations\u201d were held. The stadium was built for the 1940 Olympics and opened as early as 1938, but had suffered under the bombing of World War II. It had to undergo expansion and refurbishment work. The concrete auditorium section was expanded and a new temporary wooden auditorium was built on the south and north curves and on the east side, which increased the Stadium's audience capacity to about 70,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 631]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0074-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Venues\nThe swimming competitions were held at Helsinki Swimming Stadium, located just a few hundred meters east of the Olympic Stadium and with three pools: a racing, diving and children's pool. The swimming stadium could accommodate about 9,500 spectators, while the wooden eastern and standing stands for the Games could accommodate a total of about 6,000 people. The Fair Hall near the stadiums (now T\u00f6\u00f6l\u00f6 Sports Hall) many of the indoor events were held in two separate halls. In the bigger hall, men competed in gymnastics, wrestling and boxing. The smaller hall hosts the women's gymnastics, freestyle wrestling, weightlifting and basketball finals. Basketball first round matches were played at Tennis Palace and fencing competitions were held at the Westend tennis center in Espoo.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 811]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0075-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Venues\nThe shooting events took place at the Malmi shooting range 11 kilometers from the center of Helsinki, with the exception of clay pigeon shooting. Clay pigeon shooting was performed on the Finnish Hunters' Association track Huopalahti. Ruskeasuo competed in dressage as well as in Tali and Laakso in field riding.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0076-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Venues\nThe T\u00f6\u00f6l\u00f6 Rowing Stadium was built for rowing and canoeing events one kilometer from Taivallahti. However, the place was not accepted as a place for rowing competitions, as it was open to the sea breeze. The rowing took place in Meilahti about three kilometers from the Stadium. The place was considerably more sheltered than Taivallahti. Harmajan on the lighthouse island a couple of kilometers off the coast of Helsinki was the starting and finishing area for larger sailing classes. Finn was the starting and finish point of the race Liuskasaari close to the coast.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 597]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0077-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Venues\nThe Marathon running route was north of the Stadium to K\u00e4pyl\u00e4, Pakinkyl\u00e4, Tuomarinkyl\u00e4, Vantaa, Tikkurila and Korso. In Tuusula, M\u00e4t\u00e4kivenm\u00e4ki there was a turning point from which the runners set off on their way back to the Stadium. The 50-kilometer walk was organized along the same route. A memorial stone was later erected at the turning point along Old Tuusulantie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0078-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Venues\nA swimming stadium was built in H\u00e4meenlinna for \u00c5land for the pentathlon. The other four pentathlon events were also held in the vicinity of \u00c5land.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0079-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Participating National Olympic Committees\nA total of 69 nations participated in these Games, up from 59 in the 1948 Games. Thirteen nations made their first Olympic appearance in 1952: The Bahamas, the People's Republic of China, Gold Coast (now Ghana), Guatemala, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Israel, Netherlands Antilles, Nigeria, Soviet Union (USSR), Thailand, and Vietnam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 63], "content_span": [64, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0080-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Participating National Olympic Committees\nJapan and Germany were both reinstated and permitted to send athletes after being banned for 1948 for their instigation of World War II. Due to the division of Germany, German athletes from Saar entered a separate team for the only time. Only West Germany would provide athletes for the actual German team, since East Germany refused to participate in a joint German team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 63], "content_span": [64, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0081-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Medal count\nThese are the top ten nations that won medals at the 1952 Games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0082-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, 50th anniversary coin\nThe 50th anniversary of the Helsinki Olympic Games was the main motif for one of the first Finnish euro silver commemorative coins, the \u20ac10 silver coin minted in 2002. The reverse depicts part of the Helsinki Olympic Stadium, as well as a section of the 1952 500 markka coin. The obverse has lettering SUOMI FINLAND 10 EURO, a flame, and Finland is the only country highlighted on Earth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 43], "content_span": [44, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0083-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Admission tickets\nIn total 2,394,099 admission tickets were printed for the Helsinki games. About two million of them were made Bank of Finland banknote printing works. To prevent counterfeiting, tickets were printed on watermark banknote paper. Printing began in July 1951 and lasted four months.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 39], "content_span": [40, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0084-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Admission tickets\nIn early 1952, the race organizers opened their own ticket offices for sales at home and abroad. They were sold abroad in 52 different countries. Half of the more than two million admission tickets were put up for sale abroad. However, only about 250,000 tickets were sold. However, foreign tourists also bought a lot of tickets from Finland. A total of 1,376,512 tickets were sold for various competition events. There were four different price categories. Prices varied between 300 and 2,100 FIM, which in current currency corresponds to about 9\u201365 euros. Ticket revenue totaled approximately FIM 965 million, or EUR 29.7 million.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 39], "content_span": [40, 672]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0085-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Admission tickets\nEntrance tickets were printed in ten different colors, depending on the venue and the auditorium. Except for the color, the flags were all similar in appearance. The texts in Finnish, Swedish, English and French were printed on them, and the sport was also indicated by a symbol in the upper left corner. A spectator map was printed on the back of the entrance tickets. Tickets sold to Finland only marked their Price Category, foreign tickets also marked the price US Dollars.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 39], "content_span": [40, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0086-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Admission tickets\nIn addition to tickets made by the organizers, the City of H\u00e4meenlinna printed its own entry tickets for modern pentathlon competitions held locally. They were simpler in design than other flags.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 39], "content_span": [40, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0087-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Impact and legacy\nThe Olympics influenced the Finns, the City of Helsinki and the image of foreigners. The Olympics can even be considered a symbolic decision for the post-war years in Finland. Reconstruction of the land was practically completed in 1952, although at the beginning of the decade many had lived in temporary housing. The last war reparations was paid in September 1952, and regulatory policy was abolished at the same time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 39], "content_span": [40, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0088-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Impact and legacy\nOn the closing day of the Games, 3 August 1952, President J.K. Paasikivi wrote in his diary: \"The Olympics were a great success. Foreigners, including the magazines, have praised the good organization. This is a good thing and advertising for us.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 39], "content_span": [40, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0089-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Impact and legacy\nHelsinki cityscape was clearly a new impetus for the Olympics. The development of Helsinki had already begun in the late 1930s, when Parliament House, Lasipalatsi and P\u00e4\u00e4posti were built. Olympic dreams motivate many construction projects. Helsinki's entertainment and nightlife was modest compared to previous race hosts. Many temporary restaurants and entertainment venues were set up in the city for the Games. The city had been planning a fair for decades, but even for this project, the Olympic host gave the final impetus.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 39], "content_span": [40, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0089-0001", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Impact and legacy\nAfter the competition was confirmed, the city of Helsinki started looking for a place for an amusement park in Alppila. The  Linnanm\u00e4ki Amusement Park was opened on 27 May 1950 on a plot leased in December 1949. The Olympics also developed Helsinki's infrastructure with the construction of a new airport, Olympic Pier, new asphalt and the city's first traffic lights.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 39], "content_span": [40, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0090-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Impact and legacy\nThe impact of the Olympics on Finns is difficult define. It was certainly good for Finns' self-confidence to create a successful major event together and at the same time get a new kind of contact with the interaction between peoples. For the first time, many Finns were in contact with non-Caucasian foreigners at the Games. At the same time, the Olympics united Finns in their disputes. For example, Finnish Workers' Sports Federation and Finnish National Sport Federation strong disputes between were on a break during the Olympics, even though they continued even after the Games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 39], "content_span": [40, 624]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0091-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Impact and legacy\nWith internationalization, new products also arrived in Finland. The best known of these is Coca-Cola (Coca-Cola arrived in Finland as early as the 1930s through Stockmann). In addition, chewing gum was imported for the first time, and Alko launched new drinks, including Gin Long Drink.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 39], "content_span": [40, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0092-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Impact and legacy\nFinland's relations with United Kingdom clearly warmed up thanks to the Olympics. This was particularly influenced by the fact that Prince Philip, who came to visit the Games, received a warm welcome in Finland. After the Second World War, Britain had been rude to Finland, but the Olympics showed that Finland belonged to the Western world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 39], "content_span": [40, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0093-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Impact and legacy, \"The Last Real Olympics\"\nIn Finland, the Helsinki Olympics are sometimes called the last real Olympics, when trying to emphasize the nature of the Games as the last Games of the true Olympic spirit, a sporting and non-commercial event. For example, a book about competitions written by Antero Raevuori is named after this saying. However, the phrase was invented in Finland and is not used elsewhere in the world. It was developed at the turn of the 1970s and 1980s, when doping began to become more widespread in sports, 1972 Summer Olympics the Munich massacre, and the 1976, 1980 and 1984 the Summer Olympics were widely boycotted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 65], "content_span": [66, 675]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0094-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Impact and legacy, \"The Last Real Olympics\"\nIn a way, the Helsinki Olympics were a return to smaller competitions due to resources, as Finland is the smallest country to host the Summer Olympics. However the 1956 Summer Olympics involved fewer participating athletes than in Helsinki, and in practice it was not until the 1970s that the Games clearly began to expand. The Helsinki Olympics were still relatively non-commercial, although the Polish press, for example, barked at the Helsinki Olympics as \u201ccompetitions for disgusting traders\u201d. The Helsinki Games were also not much smaller in terms of marketing than the following Games, and marketing was well known in the Olympic world with Kodak supporting the Games as far back as the 1896 Summer Olympics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 65], "content_span": [66, 780]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0095-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Gallery\nPaavo Nurmi enters the Helsinki Olympic Stadium carrying the torch during the opening ceremonies. He became the first well-known athlete to light the Olympic Flame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 29], "content_span": [30, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069944-0096-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics, Gallery\nAfter Jean Boiteux won the 400 m freestyle race his father jumped into the pool to congratulate him", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 29], "content_span": [30, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069945-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics medal table\nThis is the full table of the medal table of the 1952 Summer Olympics held in Helsinki, Finland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069945-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics medal table\nThese rankings sort by the number of gold medals earned by a country. The number of silvers is taken into consideration next and then the number of bronze. If, after the above, countries are still tied, equal ranking is given and they are listed alphabetically. This follows the system used by the IOC, IAAF and BBC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069946-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics national flag bearers\nDuring the Parade of Nations section of the 1952 Summer Olympics opening ceremony, athletes from each country participating in the Olympics paraded into the arena. The Parade of Nations was organized according to the Finnish name of the country. Greece led the parade followed by Netherlands Antilles. Other countries marched by following the Finnish alphabet, except the host country, Finland, which marched last. The athletes from British Guiana and People's Republic of China were absent from the Parade of Nations, meaning only 67 nations participated in the parade.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 613]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069947-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics torch relay\nThe 1952 Summer Olympics torch relay was the symbolic transport of the Olympic flame from Olympia, Greece, to the venue of the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki, Finland, where it featured as part of the opening ceremony.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069947-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics torch relay, Relay elements, Flame\nThe 1952 Olympic flame was lit at a ceremony using the sun's rays in Olympia, from where it started its journey on 25 June.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 55], "content_span": [56, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069947-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics torch relay, Relay elements, Flame\nOn 6 July, a second flame was lit on top of the Taivaskero peak of Pallastunturi fell in the Finnish Lapland. The intention had been to ignite it with the rays of the midnight sun, but due to overcast conditions that night some additional 'tricks' were required.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 55], "content_span": [56, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069947-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics torch relay, Relay elements, Flame\nThis 'Midnight Sun Torch' was carried 378 kilometres (235\u00a0mi) south to the city of Tornio near the Swedish border, where it met the one from Olympia, the latter having meanwhile been carried north the length of Sweden. The two flames were merged for the remainder of their journey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 55], "content_span": [56, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069947-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics torch relay, Relay elements, Torch\nThe torches were made of either solid silver or silver-plated brass, with a lacquered curly birch handle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 55], "content_span": [56, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069947-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics torch relay, Relay elements, Torch\nThe fuel was liquid gas contained in a cartridge which was quick and easy to replace. For this reason, only 22 torches were needed, as well as 1,600 fuel cartridges.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 55], "content_span": [56, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069947-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics torch relay, Relay elements, Torch\nBecause of the small number produced, the 1952 torch is a rarity not found in many collections, and therefore highly collectable: at a 2011 auction in Paris, one was sold for the record price of \u20ac290,000 or nearly US$400,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 55], "content_span": [56, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069947-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics torch relay, Relay elements, Torch\nThe torch was designed by Finnish graphic designer and visual artist Aukusti Tuhka and manufactured by the precious metals company Kultakeskus.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 55], "content_span": [56, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069947-0008-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics torch relay, Relay elements, Route\nThe flame was carried from Olympia to Athens, from where it was flown to Aalborg, Denmark, via two intermediary stops in Germany (in Munich and D\u00fcsseldorf). There were celebrations held at each stop of the journey. This was the first time the Olympic flame was flown out of Greece.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 55], "content_span": [56, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069947-0009-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics torch relay, Relay elements, Route\nNext, the flame traversed Denmark over land and water by different modes of transport, finishing with crossing the \u00d8resund strait from Copenhagen to Malm\u00f6, Sweden.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 55], "content_span": [56, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069947-0010-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics torch relay, Relay elements, Route\nIn Sweden the flame was carried overland via Gothenburg to Stockholm, where on 4 July it was kept burning overnight at the 1912 Olympics stadium. Afterwards it continued its journey north, eventually leaving Sweden by crossing the northern land border to Finland, where it was united with the 'Midnight Torch' flame on 8 July.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 55], "content_span": [56, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069947-0011-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics torch relay, Relay elements, Route\nOver the next ten days the torch was carried south by 1,350 runners, arriving in Helsinki on the opening day of the games, 19 July. On its final stage through the city of Helsinki, the relay procession was fronted by a police car in radio contact with the organisers at the stadium, with the intention of adjusting the relay pace as needed. Consequently, the torch arrived at the stadium with perfect timing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 55], "content_span": [56, 464]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069947-0012-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics torch relay, Relay elements, Route\nThe distances and methods of transport in each country were as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 55], "content_span": [56, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069947-0013-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics torch relay, Relay elements, Route\nThe total relay distance was 7,492 kilometres (4,655\u00a0mi), excluding the separate 'Midnight Sun Torch' relay from Pallastunturi to Tornio.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 55], "content_span": [56, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069947-0014-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics torch relay, Relay elements, Route\nThe route took in the cities of, among others, Aalborg, Aarhus, Copenhagen, Malm\u00f6, Gothenburg, Stockholm, Uppsala, Tornio, Oulu, Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Tampere and H\u00e4meenlinna, before reaching Helsinki.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 55], "content_span": [56, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069947-0015-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics torch relay, Relay elements, Route\nA commemorative copper medal was given to each person carrying the torch on its journey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 55], "content_span": [56, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069947-0016-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics torch relay, Lighting of the cauldron\nThe flame was brought to the Helsinki Olympic Stadium by the Finnish long-distance runner Paavo Nurmi, himself a winner of multiple gold and silver medals at the 1920, 1924 and 1928 Olympics. He used the torch to light a temporary cauldron on the stadium field.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 58], "content_span": [59, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069947-0017-0000", "contents": "1952 Summer Olympics torch relay, Lighting of the cauldron\nThe actual cauldron was situated on top of the stadium tower, 72 metres (236\u00a0ft) above the ground. Four players from a Helsinki football club ran up the tower with the torch, passing it to another Finnish long-distance runner, Hannes Kolehmainen, also a winner of multiple medals at the 1912 and 1920 Olympics, who finally lit the main cauldron.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 58], "content_span": [59, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069948-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Sun Bowl\nThe 1952 Sun Bowl was a college football postseason bowl game that featured the Texas Tech Red Raiders and the Pacific Tigers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069948-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Sun Bowl, Background\nIn Coach Weaver's first season, the Red Raiders had won the Border Conference title, their fourth in five seasons. This was their first bowl appearance since 1949 and first Sun Bowl since 1948. The Tigers had been ranked three times during the season (as high as 16th at one point), but a loss to Denver started a four-game losing streak that derailed a 6-1 start. This was their first bowl appearance since 1948.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 25], "content_span": [26, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069948-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Sun Bowl, Game summary\nJim Turner scored on a 39-yard touchdown run to give Tech an early 7-0 lead. Pacific responded with a touchdown of their own to tie it at 7. Lewis Crossley culminated a six-play drive on his touchdown pass to Jerry Johnson from 19 yards out to make it 13-7. Junior Arterburn made it 19-7 on a five-yard touchdown run on Tech's next drive. Pacific scored on a Johnny Cobb touchdown run that culminated a nine-play drive to make it 19-14 at halftime. Charles Welton scored from 11 yards out to make it 25-14 midway through the third. From that point, neither team reached the red zone again. Eddie Macon became the first African American to play in the Sun Bowl, contributing with 60 yards on 6 carries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 27], "content_span": [28, 729]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069948-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Sun Bowl, Aftermath\nThis remains the only Sun Bowl victory for Texas Tech and this was their only bowl victory inside the state of Texas until 2003. Pacific returned to the Sun Bowl the following year and won. Texas Tech has appeared in the most Sun Bowls with 9, but this remains their only win. The Red Raiders are 1-8 all time in the Sun Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 24], "content_span": [25, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069949-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Swedish general election\nGeneral elections were held in Sweden on 21 September 1952. The Social Democrats remained the largest party with 110 of the 230 seats in the Second Chamber of the Riksdag and together with the Communist Party of Sweden they got 115 seats and the other parties 115 seats. Tage Erlander and his  Social Democratic Party did however form his second government with the Farmers' League already in 1951 and together with that party the Social Democrats now had a majority of 136 seats in the chamber and together with the Communists 141 seats. In the other indirectly elected chamber the Social Democrats had an absolute majority.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 655]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069949-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Swedish general election\nThe Catalina affair had taken place a few months prior to the election and was highly debated during the time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069950-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Swiss Grand Prix\nThe 1952 Swiss Grand Prix was a Formula Two race held on 18 May 1952 at Bremgarten Circuit. It was the first round of the 1952 World Championship of Drivers, in which each Grand Prix was run to Formula Two rules rather than the Formula One regulations normally used.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069950-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Swiss Grand Prix\nPre -WWII Grand Prix great Rudolf Caracciola crashed heavily during a support sports car race. He survived with a broken leg, but this crash effectively ended his racing career. He was driving a Mercedes 300SL; his brakes locked up going into a corner and the car skidded off the road and hit a tree.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069950-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Swiss Grand Prix\nItalian driver Piero Taruffi scored his only win in a World Championship race, driving for Ferrari.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069950-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Swiss Grand Prix, Report\nWith the withdrawal of Alfa Romeo from the World Championship, Ferrari were left as the sole competitive team under the existing regulations. It was therefore decided to run the Championship to Formula Two regulations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 29], "content_span": [30, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069950-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Swiss Grand Prix, Report\nThe works Ferrari team brought three drivers to the Swiss Grand Prix, namely Farina, Taruffi and Simon. Regular Ferrari drivers Alberto Ascari and Luigi Villoresi were both unavailable, the former due to his participation in the Indianapolis 500, and the latter because of his having had a road accident. Also running Ferraris were Rudi Fischer and Peter Hirt of Ecurie Espadon, and veteran Frenchman Louis Rosier. Gordini also had a three-car team for this race, consisting of Robert Manzon, B. Bira and the debutant Jean Behra.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 29], "content_span": [30, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069950-0004-0001", "contents": "1952 Swiss Grand Prix, Report\nThe HWM team, returning to the World Championship for the first time since the previous race at Bremgarten, fielded the all-British quartet of Abecassis, Collins, Macklin and Moss. Maserati had planned to enter defending World Drivers' Champion Juan Manuel Fangio and fellow Argentinian Jos\u00e9 Froil\u00e1n Gonz\u00e1lez, but this did not come into fruition. Completing the field were the sole AFM entry of Hans Stuck and a number of privately run cars representing various constructors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 29], "content_span": [30, 505]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069950-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Swiss Grand Prix, Report\nFormer Alfa Romeo driver Nino Farina took pole position, alongside Taruffi and Manzon on the front row of the grid. Simon and Fischer started from the second row, in front of Collins, Behra and Toulo de Graffenried, who was driving an Enrico Plat\u00e9-entered Maserati.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 29], "content_span": [30, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069950-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 Swiss Grand Prix, Report\nPolesitter Farina led the race until his car broke down. His Ferrari teammate assumed the lead, which he held for the remainder of the race. Moss was impressively running in third place in the early stages, behind Farina and Taruffi, before he had to stop. Moss and Macklin withdrew from the race. The main battle was between Behra and Simon, for second place (once Farina had retired). When Behra had to stop, due to his exhaust pipe having fallen off, Farina, who had taken over Simon's car, assumed second place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 29], "content_span": [30, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069950-0006-0001", "contents": "1952 Swiss Grand Prix, Report\nHowever, further problems meant that he once again had to retire, on lap 51, handing second to local driver Rudi Fischer. The Swiss driver took his first Championship podium, being the only driver not to be lapped by Taruffi, who took his first (and only) World Championship race victory. Behra completed the podium, taking third on debut, while Ken Wharton (fourth) and Alan Brown (fifth) took the first points finishes for Frazer Nash and Cooper, respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 29], "content_span": [30, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069951-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Swiss Mount Everest expedition\nLed by Edouard Wyss-Dunant, the 1952 Swiss Mount Everest expedition saw Raymond Lambert and Sherpa Tenzing Norgay reach a height of about 8,595 metres (28,199\u00a0ft) on the southeast ridge, setting a new climbing altitude record, opening up a new route to Mount Everest and paving the way for further successes by other expeditions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069951-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Swiss Mount Everest expedition, Origins\nTibet had closed to foreigners but Nepal had just opened up. In 1951 Eric Shipton's British-New Zealand reconnaissance had climbed the Khumbu Icefall and reached the elusive Western Cwm, proving that Everest could be climbed from Nepal. Unfortunately for the British, who had enjoyed exclusive access to the mountain for 31 years from Tibet to the north, the Nepalese government gave the 1952 permit to the Swiss.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 458]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069951-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Swiss Mount Everest expedition, Organization\nEdouard Wyss-Dunant was appointed as the leader of this expedition. The other Swiss members were Rene Aubert, Leon Flory, Andr\u00e9 Roch and Raymond Lambert (despite Lambert's having suffered amputation of frostbitten toes).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 49], "content_span": [50, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069951-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Swiss Mount Everest expedition, Organization\nAll the Swiss were from Geneva. Most belonged to the exclusive L'Androsace climbing club and knew each other well. The city and canton of Geneva provided moral and financial support for the expedition, and the University of Geneva provided the scientific contingent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 49], "content_span": [50, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069951-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Swiss Mount Everest expedition, Organization\nDuring this expedition Tenzing Norgay was considered, for the first time, a full expedition member (\"the greatest honour that had ever been paid me\") forging a lasting friendship with the Swiss, in particular Raymond Lambert.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 49], "content_span": [50, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069951-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Swiss Mount Everest expedition, Goals\nThe mountaineering task that this team had set itself was primarily exploring the access to the South Col, the conquest of the labyrinthine Khumbu Icefall, and possibly the advance to the South Col. John Hunt (who met the team in Zurich on their return) wrote that when the Swiss Expedition \"just failed\" in the spring they decided to make another (summit ascent) attempt in the autumn; though as it was only decided in June the second party arrived too late, when winter winds were buffeting the mountain. This contradicts a reference which says that \"no attempt at an ascent of Everest was ever under consideration in this case\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 42], "content_span": [43, 674]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069951-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 Swiss Mount Everest expedition, Ascent\nBuilding on Shipton's experience, the Genevans reached the head of the Western Cwm and climbed the huge face above to the desolate, wind-swept plateau of the South Col. Three Swiss climbers and the Sherpa Tenzing Norgay continued towards the summit, pitching a tent at 8,400 meters. Two returned, leaving Tenzing and Lambert, who had become firm friends, to make a summit attempt. High altitude mountaineering in 1952 was still in its infancy. Even Swiss organisation and technology were not up to the job and, apart from Tenzing, the Sherpas had little experience. Despite the best plans, Tenzing and Lambert now had to spend a night at 27,500 feet (8,400\u00a0m) with no sleeping bags and no stove; producing a trickle of drinking water by melting snow over a candle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 43], "content_span": [44, 808]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069951-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 Swiss Mount Everest expedition, Ascent\nEdmund Hillary recalled in 1953 \"an incredibly lonely sight, the battered framework of the tent that Tenzing and Raymond Lambert of the 1952 Swiss expedition pitched over a year before and where they had spent an extremely uncomfortable night without food, without drink, and without sleeping bags. What a tough couple they had been, but perhaps not very well organized.\" Hillary thought that Tenzing and Lambert were not sufficiently hydrated, having relied on cheese and snow melted over a candle for sustenance (he insisted on everyone keeping their fluids up by melting snow on a Primus stove for water). This was also the conclusion of Griffith Pugh in 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 43], "content_span": [44, 707]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069951-0008-0000", "contents": "1952 Swiss Mount Everest expedition, Ascent\nTheir oxygen sets were barely operable and when the two men continued in the morning, they were effectively climbing without oxygen. They struggled heroically, at times crawling on all fours, hindered by the dead weight of malfunctioning oxygen sets, finally grinding to a halt near 8595 m, about 250 m short of the summit. The sets gave some relief at rest but were unworkable when climbing because of the resistance of the valves to the passage of oxygen with violent breathing at high altitude.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 43], "content_span": [44, 541]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069951-0008-0001", "contents": "1952 Swiss Mount Everest expedition, Ascent\nThe autumn expedition had two new types of open-circuit oxygen equipment; the better Dr\u00e4gerwerk set was based on apparatus used by pilots, and the oxygen supply could be selected to be between 2 and 4 litres/minute. The Swiss might have reached the summit in the spring if the new Dr\u00e4gerwerk sets had been used.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 43], "content_span": [44, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069951-0009-0000", "contents": "1952 Swiss Mount Everest expedition, Results\nRaymond Lambert and Tenzing Norgay were able to reach a height of about 8,595 metres (28,199\u00a0ft) on the southeastern ridge, setting a new climbing altitude record (assuming that George Mallory and Andrew Irvine did not ascend any higher during their expedition of 1924).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069951-0010-0000", "contents": "1952 Swiss Mount Everest expedition, Results\nTenzing's experience was useful when he was hired to be part of the British expedition in 1953, during which he reached the summit with Sir Edmund Hillary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069951-0011-0000", "contents": "1952 Swiss Mount Everest expedition, Results\nThe results of this first Swiss expedition to Mount Everest were remarkable, and exceeded even the most optimistic expectations. At the first attempt, it had opened up a new route to the peak of Everest, and it had reached an extraordinary height on the southwestern ridge in difficult conditions. In the opinion of the extremely critical Marcel Kurz, this expedition was almost a victory. They had seen from closeup that the route to the South Summit had no insurmountable barriers, and only the last 90 metres (300\u00a0ft) to the summit remained unknown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 597]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069951-0011-0001", "contents": "1952 Swiss Mount Everest expedition, Results\nThe spring expedition might have reached the summit using the Draeger oxygen sets used for the autumn expedition. They established for the British that in 1953 the route should be up the Lhoste Face not the couloirs, and have a high camp(s) on the South Col (which meant more stores to be carried higher). See Appendix for comparison of the two expeditions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069951-0012-0000", "contents": "1952 Swiss Mount Everest expedition, Results\nThe expedition named the Geneva Spur rock formation, between the Western Cwm and the South Col. During the 1956 Swiss Everest\u2013Lhotse expedition, Geneva Spur was the location of the last high camp before Fritz Luchsinger and Ernst Reiss achieved the first ascent of Lhotse summit, on May 18, 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069951-0013-0000", "contents": "1952 Swiss Mount Everest expedition, Autumn expedition\nThere was a second Swiss expedition in the autumn of 1952, after the monsoon, the first serious attempt to climb Everest at that time of year (having received permission from the Nepalese government to go during the whole year). A party including Lambert, Tenzing and others made it to the South Col, but was forced back by extremely cold weather after reaching an altitude of 8,100 metres (26,575\u00a0ft). The autumn expedition was only decided in June so the second party arrived too late, when winter winds were buffeting the mountain. They held out in terrible conditions of discomfort and mental strain, but never succeeded in getting within striking distance of the summit (Hunt had decided that if the 1953 British expedition failed, they would also make another post-moonson attempt).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 54], "content_span": [55, 843]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069951-0014-0000", "contents": "1952 Swiss Mount Everest expedition, Appendix\nA comparison of the 1952 Swiss and 1953 British expeditions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069952-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Swiss motorcycle Grand Prix\nThe 1952 Swiss motorcycle Grand Prix was the first race of the 1952 Motorcycle Grand Prix season.. It took place on 17\u201318 May 1952 at the Bremgarten circuit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069953-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Swiss referendums\nNine referendums were held in Switzerland during 1952. The first was held on 2 March on a federal resolution on changing the licensing requirements for new pubs, and was rejected by 54% of voters. The second was held on 30 March on a federal law on promoting agriculture and the farming community, and was approved by 54% of voters. The third was held on 20 April on a popular initiative on a \"commodity sales tax\", and was rejected by 81% of voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 473]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069953-0000-0001", "contents": "1952 Swiss referendums\nThe fourth was held on 18 May on a popular initiative \"for the finance of armaments and the protection of social achievements\", and was rejected by 56% of voters. The fifth was held on 6 July on a federal resolution on the coverage of expenditure on weapons, and was rejected by 58% of voters. The sixth and seventh were both held on 5 October on making an amendment to the federal law on Aged and Bereavement insurance regarding tobacco tax, and on establishing air raid shelters in buildings. The first was approved by 68% of voters, whilst the second was rejected by 85%. The eighth and ninth were both held on 23 November on a limited prolongation of some price controls and a federal resolution on bread supply. Both were approved by voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 769]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069954-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race\nThe 1952 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race, was the eighth annual running of the \"blue water classic\" Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069954-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race\nHosted by the Cruising Yacht Club of Australia based in Sydney, New South Wales, the 1950 edition began on Sydney Harbour, at noon on Boxing Day (26 December 1952), before heading south for 630 nautical miles (1,170\u00a0km) through the Tasman Sea, past Bass Strait, into Storm Bay and up the River Derwent, to cross the finish line in Hobart, Tasmania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069954-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race\nThe 1952 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race comprised a fleet of 17 competitors. The fleet found the going very difficult, and line-honours winner Nocturne, skippered by JR Bull won in the second slowest-ever time of 6 days, 2 hours and 34 minutes. Ingrid, skippered by JS Taylor was awarded handicap honours on adjusted time using the International Measurement System (IMS).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069954-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race, 1952 fleet\n17 yachts registered to begin the 1952 Sydney to Hobart Yacht race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069955-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Sylvania Television Awards\nThe 1952 Sylvania Television Awards were presented on December 11, 1952, at Hotel Pierre in New York City. The Sylvania Awards were established in 1951 by Sylvania Electric Products. Deems Taylor was the chairman of the judges committee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069955-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Sylvania Television Awards\nNo awards were made for best actor and actress, as the committee noted that the best performances came \"from guest stars borrowed from the legitimate stage or motion pictures.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069956-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Syracuse Orangemen football team\nThe 1952 Syracuse Orangemen football team represented Syracuse University in the 1952 college football season. The Orangemen were led by fourth-year head coach Ben Schwartzwalder and played their home games at Archbold Stadium in Syracuse, New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069956-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Syracuse Orangemen football team\nThis was a historically successful season for the Orangemen, which included victories over rivals Penn State and Colgate. Syracuse lost only twice in the regular season: their season opener against the former college all-stars of the Bolling Air Force Base, and to eventual national champions Michigan State. Syracuse finished the regular season with a record of 7\u20132 and were ranked 14th in the final AP Poll, their first ranked finish in school history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069956-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Syracuse Orangemen football team\nThe team was awarded its first Lambert Trophy, which signified them as champions of the East. They were invited to the 1953 Orange Bowl after Navy refused the bid. This was the school's first ever bowl game, where they lost to Alabama in a lopsided 61\u20136 game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069957-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 S\u00e3o Paulo FC season\nThe 1952 football season was S\u00e3o Paulo's 23rd season since club's existence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069958-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 TANFL season\nThe 1952 Tasmanian Australian National Football League (TANFL) premiership season was an Australian Rules football competition staged in Hobart, Tasmania over fifteen (15) roster rounds and four (4) finals series matches between 19 April and 27 September 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069958-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 TANFL season, Participating Clubs, TANFL Under-19's Grand Final\nNote: North West affiliated to North Hobart, Macalburn affiliated to Hobart.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 68], "content_span": [69, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069958-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 TANFL season, Participating Clubs, Intrastate Matches\nNote: This match was a curtain raiser to a VFL Premiership fixture between Fitzroy and Melbourne.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 58], "content_span": [59, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069958-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 TANFL season, 1952 TANFL Ladder, Round 7\nNote: The Saturday match was switched from North Hobart to the TCA Ground due to poor ground conditions and inclement weather.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 45], "content_span": [46, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069958-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 TANFL season, 1952 TANFL Ladder, Round 9\nNote: This round was postponed on 28 June due to poor ground conditions and inclement weather.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 45], "content_span": [46, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069958-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 TANFL season, 1952 TANFL Ladder, Round 15\nNote: Bernie Waldron (Hobart) equals the TANFL record with 15.3, also a Hobart club record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 46], "content_span": [47, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069958-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 TANFL season, 1952 TANFL Ladder, Grand Final\nSource: All scores and statistics courtesy of the Hobart Mercury publication.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 49], "content_span": [50, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069959-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 TCU Horned Frogs football team\nThe 1952 TCU Horned Frogs football team represented Texas Christian University (TCU) in the 1952 college football season. The Horned Frogs finished the season 4\u20134\u20132 overall and 2\u20132\u20132 in the Southwest Conference. The team was coached by Dutch Meyer in his nineteenth and final year as head coach. The Frogs played their home games in Amon G. Carter Stadium, which is located on campus in Fort Worth, Texas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069960-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Tampa Spartans football team\nThe 1952 Tampa Spartans football team represented the University of Tampa in the 1952 college football season. It was the Spartans' 16th season. The team was led by head coach Marcelino Huerta, in his first year, and played their home games at Phillips Field in Tampa, Florida. They finished with a record of eight wins, three losses and one tie (8\u20133\u20131) and with a victory in the Cigar Bowl over Lenoir\u2013Rhyne.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069960-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Tampa Spartans football team\nAfter the resignation of Frank Sinkwich, on March 5, 1952, Marcelino Huerta was introduced as the Spartans' new head coach. Huerta had previously served as a line coach under Sinkwich for the 1950 and 1951 seasons after he graduated from the University of Florida.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069961-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Tangerine Bowl\nThe 1952 Tangerine Bowl was an American college football bowl game played after the 1951 season, on January 1, 1952, at the Tangerine Bowl stadium in Orlando, Florida. The Stetson Hatters with a record of 7\u20131\u20132 played the Arkansas State Indians (now the Arkansas State Red Wolves) with a record of 10\u20131. Stetson won by a score of 35\u201320.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069961-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Tangerine Bowl, Game summary\nThe first quarter of the game saw only one score; a 5-yard rush for an Arkansas State touchdown. The quarter ended 7\u20130, Indians.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069961-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Tangerine Bowl, Game summary\nThe second quarter featured minimal scoring as well; Stetson tied the game after a 2\u2013yard pass to make it 7\u20137, though the Indians quickly recovered and scored their second touchdown to give them back the lead. The extra point was missed, however, and the game went to halftime 13\u20137 with Arkansas State in the lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069961-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Tangerine Bowl, Game summary\nStetson's offense took off in the third quarter, finding the end zone on three occasions: two passes (23 and 30 yards) and a 5\u2013yard rush. All extra points were converted, and the Hatters took a 28\u201313 lead into the final quarter after their defense pitched a shutout in the third quarter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069961-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Tangerine Bowl, Game summary\nThe fourth quarter saw both teams score one final time, both touchdowns, and the game finished 35\u201320 in favor of Stetson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069961-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Tangerine Bowl, Game summary\nThis was the Hatters' first bowl victory in their first bowl appearance (and the only appearance to date), making them 1\u20130 overall in bowl games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069962-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Ta\u00e7a de Portugal Final\nThe 1952 Ta\u00e7a de Portugal Final was the final match of the 1951\u201352 Ta\u00e7a de Portugal, the 12th season of the Ta\u00e7a de Portugal, the premier Portuguese football cup competition organized by the Portuguese Football Federation (FPF). The match was played on 15 June 1952 at the Est\u00e1dio Nacional in Oeiras, and opposed two Primeira Liga sides: Benfica and Sporting CP. Benfica defeated Sporting CP 5\u20134 to claim their sixth Ta\u00e7a de Portugal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069963-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Team Speedway Polish Championship\n1952 Team Speedway Polish Championship season was the fifth season and is used to determine the Team Polish Champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069963-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Team Speedway Polish Championship, Rules\nIn First League, matches were played with part two teams, without it playing it matches return. Teams consisted of 6 drivers plus 2 reserves. The score of heat: 3\u20132\u20131\u20130. Mecz consisted with 9 heats. For winning game team received 2 points, lost \u2013 0 points. The drivers from the main squad started in a match three times. The quantity of small points was added up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 45], "content_span": [46, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069963-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Team Speedway Polish Championship, Rules\nBefore the season it was established that only 4 full rounds would take place with the 5th round consisting of only the first 8 teams. After playing 5 rounds the first 4  teams played a \"Play-Off\" (Semi-Final and Final).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 45], "content_span": [46, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069963-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Team Speedway Polish Championship, Rules\nOgniwo Bytom was moved to \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, and CWKS from Warszawa to Wroc\u0142aw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 45], "content_span": [46, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069964-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Temple Owls football team\nThe 1952 Temple Owls football team was an American football team that represented Temple University as an independent during the 1952 college football season. In its fourth season under head coach Albert Kawal, the team compiled a 2\u20137\u20131 record and was outscored by a total of 221 to 128. The team played its home games at Temple Stadium in Philadelphia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069965-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Tennessee A&I Tigers football team\nThe 1952 Tennessee A&I Tigers football team represented Tennessee Agricultural & Industrial State College as a member of the Midwest Athletic Association (MAA) during the 1952 college football season. In their ninth season under head coach Henry Kean, the Tigers compiled an 8\u20132 record and outscored opponents by a total of 255 to 77. The Dickinson System rated Tennessee A&I as the No. 4 black college football team for 1952 with a score of 24.43, behind only Florida A&M (25.57), Virginia State (24.57), and Lincoln of Missouri (24.51). The team played its home games in Nashville, Tennessee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 634]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069966-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Tennessee Volunteers football team\nThe 1952 Tennessee Volunteers (variously Tennessee, UT, or the Vols) represented the University of Tennessee in the 1952 college football season. Playing as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC), the team was led by head coach Robert Neyland, in his 21st and final year, and played their home games at Shields\u2013Watkins Field in Knoxville, Tennessee. They finished the season with a record of eight wins, two losses and one tie (8\u20132\u20131 overall, 5\u20130\u20131 in the SEC). They concluded the season with a loss against Texas in the Cotton Bowl Classic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 588]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069967-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Tennessee gubernatorial election\nThe 1952 Tennessee gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1952. Democratic nominee Frank G. Clement defeated Republican nominee R. Beecher Witt with 79.37% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069968-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Texas A&M Aggies football team\nThe 1952 Texas A&M Aggies football team represented Texas A&M University in the 1952 college football season as a member of the Southwest Conference (SWC). The Aggies were led by head coach Raymond George in his second season and finished with a record of three wins, six losses and one tie (3\u20136\u20131 overall, 1\u20134\u20131 in the SWC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069969-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Texas Longhorns baseball team\nThe 1952 Texas Longhorns baseball team represented the University of Texas at Austin in the 1952 NCAA baseball season. The Longhorns played their home games at Clark Field. The team was coached by Bibb Falk in his 10th season at Texas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069969-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Texas Longhorns baseball team\nThe Longhorns reached the College World Series, but were eliminated by eventual champion Holy Cross in the quarterfinal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069970-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Texas Longhorns football team\nThe 1952 Texas Longhorns football team represented the University of Texas in the 1952 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069971-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Texas Tech Red Raiders football team\nThe 1952 Texas Tech Red Raiders football team represented Texas Tech during the 1952 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069972-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Texas Western Miners football team\nThe 1952 Texas Western Miners football team was an American football team that represented Texas Western College (now known as University of Texas at El Paso) as a member of the Border Conference during the 1952 college football season. In its third season under head coach Mike Brumbelow, the team compiled a 5\u20135\u20131 record (2\u20133\u20131 against Border Conference opponents), finished fifth in the conference, and was outscored by a total of 235 to 228.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069973-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Texas gubernatorial election\nThe 1952 Texas gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069973-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Texas gubernatorial election\nIncumbent Democratic Governor Allan Shivers was overwhelmingly reelected in the general election after defeating future Senator Ralph Yarborough in the Democratic primary. The Republican Party endorsed the Democratic state ticket, including Shivers, in order to attract more votes for their presidential nominee, General Dwight Eisenhower.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069973-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Texas gubernatorial election, General election, Candidates\nShivers endorsed the Republican nominee for President, Dwight D. Eisenhower, in the concurrent presidential election. In an attempt to maximise support for Eisenhower, the state Republican Party nominated the Democratic state ticket, allowing voters to cast a straight G.O.P. ballot without voting against down-ballot Democratic candidates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 63], "content_span": [64, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069974-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Thai general election\nGeneral elections were held in Thailand on 26 February 1952. At the time there were no political parties, so all candidates ran as independents. Voter turnout was 39%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069975-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 The Citadel Bulldogs football team\nThe 1952 The Citadel Bulldogs football team represented The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina in the 1952 college football season. J. Quinn Decker served as head coach for the seventh season. The Bulldogs played as members of the Southern Conference and played home games at Johnson Hagood Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069976-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Thomas Cup\nThe Thomas Cup competition is an international team tournament for supremacy in men's badminton (its female counterpart is the Uber Cup). Beginning in 1948-1949, it was held every three years until 1982 and thereafter has been held every two years. Twelve national teams contested for the Thomas Cup in the 1951-1952 badminton season, the tournament's second edition. According to the rules then in place Malaya was exempt from earlier ties (team matches), needing only to defend its title in a conclusive challenge round tie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069976-0000-0001", "contents": "1952 Thomas Cup\nThe other contestants were divided into three regional qualifying zones, the Pacific, Europe, and Pan America, for the early ties. The winners of each zone then played-off in Malaya for the right to face Malaya in the challenge round. For a more detailed description of the Thomas Cup format see Wikipedia's general article on the Thomas Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069976-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Thomas Cup, Intra-zone summary\nIndia qualified in the Pacific zone by beating newcomers Thailand and Australia without the loss of a match (thus, 9\u20130 in each case). Six of the twelve teams in the tournament contested in the European zone. Here Denmark emerged victorious, but not without a tough fight from Sweden (6\u20133) in the zone semifinal. In the Pan American zone with only two teams, the United States defeated Canada 6\u20133, trumping a fine performance by Canada's Don Smythe.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 35], "content_span": [36, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069976-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Thomas Cup, Inter-zone playoffs\nThe following four teams, shown by region, qualified for the 1952 Thomas Cup. Defending champion and host Malaya automatically qualified to defend the title it had won three years previously.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 36], "content_span": [37, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069976-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Thomas Cup, Inter-zone playoffs\nIn a three way single elimination tournament within a tournament, the USA received the bye and awaited the winner of the tie between Denmark and India. The results here surprised some as the Danes, affected more by Kuala Lumpur's heat and humidity, were defeated 3\u20136. Either Trilok Nath Seth or Devinder Mohan Lal figured in all of the matches won by India. Three days later in Singapore, however, thirty-six-year-old Marten Mendez, who seemed to draw strength from the 40 degree Celsius heat inside Happy World Stadium, beat both Seth and Devinder in singles, helping The USA to a 4\u20131 lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 36], "content_span": [37, 628]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069976-0003-0001", "contents": "1952 Thomas Cup, Inter-zone playoffs\nIndia then gamely fought back to win a series of close matches and pull even at four matches each. It was left to the strong U.S. doubles team of Joe Alston and Wynn Rogers to fight back from near defeat in the final match and clinch the victory for the Americans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 36], "content_span": [37, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069976-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Thomas Cup, Challenge round\nAn American team that no longer had the legendary Dave Freeman was further weakened when Joe Alston, a newly employed agent of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), was denied an extension of his leave. It faced a formidable Malayan squad, in Malaya, led by the cool and graceful Wong Peng Soon who, though almost as old as Marten Mendez, was still in his prime. He proved this by defeating Mendez and Dick Mitchell routinely in straight games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 32], "content_span": [33, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069976-0004-0001", "contents": "1952 Thomas Cup, Challenge round\nMalaya's most effective team member, however, might have been the quick and tenacious Ong Poh Lim who routed his opponent in the third singles match and won both of his doubles matches with Ismail bin Marjan. For the Americans, the exceptionally fit Mendez forced a third game default from Ooi Teik Hock while doubles specialist Wynn Rogers and hard smashing Bobby Williams split two close encounters with their Malayan counterparts. It was not enough against a deeper lineup, and Malaya retained the Thomas Cup at seven matches to two.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 32], "content_span": [33, 569]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069977-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1952 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship was the 62nd staging of the Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Tipperary County Board in 1887. The championship began on 24 August 1952 and ended on 14 September 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069977-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship\nOn 14 September 1952, Thurles Sarsfields won the championship after a 5-06 to 1-08 defeat of Borris-Ileigh in the final at Nenagh Park. It was their 17th championship title overall and their first title since 1946.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069978-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Titleholders Championship\nThe 1952 Titleholders Championship was contested from March 13\u201316 at Augusta Country Club. It was the 13th edition of the Titleholders Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069979-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Tokachi earthquake\nThe 1952 Tokachi earthquake (Japanese: 1952\u5e74\u5341\u52dd\u6c96\u5730\u9707), which occurred at 10:22:41 local time on 4 March in the sea near Tokachi District, Hokkaid\u014d, had a magnitude of 8.1 on the moment magnitude scale.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069979-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Tokachi earthquake, Damage\nThere was earthquake and tsunami damage in an area ranging from Hokkaido to the northern part of the Tohoku region. As a result, 28 people were killed, 5 people were missing, and 287 were wounded. In addition, 815 houses were completely destroyed, 1324 half-damaged, and 6395 partially damaged. Ninety-one houses were swept away, 328 suffered flooding, 20 were lost to fire, and 1621 became uninhabitable. Furthermore, 451 ships were damaged.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069979-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Tokachi earthquake, Damage\nIn Hamanaka, in the Akkeshi District, Hokkaid\u014d, a tsunami destroyed numerous homes. It is thought that drift ice was pushed up by the tsunami and exacerbated the damage. Eight years later, this area was devastated by the tsunami caused by the 1960 Chile earthquake, killing 11 people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069979-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Tokachi earthquake, Damage\nAkkeshi Bay saw the highest tsunami surge, of 6.5 metres (21\u00a0ft), with Hachinohe in Aomori also seeing a 2-metre (6\u00a0ft 7\u00a0in) wave. This was the first large tsunami after the inception of Japan's tsunami warning system. The previous day, March 3, was the anniversary of the 1933 Sanriku earthquake, and the large number of training and evacuation drills held that day bolstered the response to the real disaster on March 4.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069980-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Toledo Rockets football team\nThe 1952 Toledo Rockets football team was an American football team that represented Toledo University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1952 college football season. In their second season under head coach Clair Dunn, the Rockets compiled a 4\u20135 record (1\u20134 against MAC opponents), finished in a tie for sixth place in the MAC, and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 151 to 132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069980-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Toledo Rockets football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Dave Andrzejewski with 582 passing yards and Bob Carson with 322 rushing yards and 428 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069981-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Torneo di Viareggio\nThe 1952 winners of the Torneo di Viareggio (in English, the Viareggio Tournament, officially the Viareggio Cup World Football Tournament Coppa Carnevale), the annual youth football tournament held in Viareggio, Tuscany, are listed below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069981-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Torneo di Viareggio, Format\nThe 16 teams are organized in knockout rounds, all played single tie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 32], "content_span": [33, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069982-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Toronto Argonauts season\nThe 1952 Toronto Argonauts season was the 63rd season for the team since the franchise's inception in 1873. The team finished in second place in the Interprovincial Rugby Football Union with a 7\u20134\u20131 record and qualified for the playoffs for the third year in a row. The Argonauts defeated the Hamilton Tiger-Cats two games to one in the IRFU Finals before winning the Eastern Final over the Sarnia Imperials. In the first ever Grey Cup between the current incarnation of the Edmonton Eskimos franchise, Toronto won their 10th Grey Cup championship by a score of 21\u201311. It was their second Grey Cup win in three years and their fifth championship in the previous eight years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 704]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069983-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Toronto municipal election\nMunicipal elections were held in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, on December 1, 1952. Incumbent mayor Allan Lamport easily won against former alderman Nathan Phillips.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069983-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Toronto municipal election\nThere were two referendum questions on the ballot. One called for municipal terms in the city to be extended from one year to two. This measure was rejected, but was later passed in the 1955 election. The second measure was to approve funds for the construction of the Regent Park housing project, which was passed by a slim margin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069983-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Toronto municipal election\nThe province of Ontario passed legislation on April 7, 1953 federating the City of Toronto and twelve surrounding suburban townships and villages into the municipality of Metropolitan Toronto. A Metropolitan Toronto Council came into being on April 15, 1953 and was made up of the Metro Chairman, Frederick Gardiner, who had been appointed by the province, the Mayor of Toronto, the City of Toronto's two most senior Controllers, nine senior aldermen from each of the City of Toronto (the top finisher in each ward), and the twelve suburban mayors and reeves.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 591]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069983-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Toronto municipal election, Toronto mayor\nLamport and Phillips had contested the mayoralty a year earlier in 1951. Phillips' vote increased substantially in the rematch, but Lamport was still easily reelected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 46], "content_span": [47, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069983-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Toronto municipal election, Board of Control\nAll four incumbents were reelected to the Board of Control despite several high-profile candidates running as well. Two sitting aldermen, Joseph Cornish and John McMechan, ran for spots, but finished fifth and sixth. In seventh was former Controller and Communist Stewart Smith.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 49], "content_span": [50, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069983-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Toronto municipal election, City council\nResults are taken from the December 3, 1953 Toronto Star and might not exactly match final tallies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 45], "content_span": [46, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069983-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 Toronto municipal election, Outside Toronto, Forest Hill\nSource: \"Start Municipal Election Battles in Three Suburbs Today; Forest Hill Reeve Retires\",  Baker, Alden. The Globe and Mail (1936-2016); Toronto, Ont. [ Toronto, Ont]17 Nov 1952: 9", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 61], "content_span": [62, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069983-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 Toronto municipal election, Outside Toronto, North York\nSource: \"Lawyer Provides Upset: 3-Time North York Reeve Beaten\", The Globe and Mail (1936-2016); Toronto, Ont. [ Toronto, Ont]02 Dec 1952: C5. and  \"McMahon defeats Boylen in N. York\", Toronto Daily Star (1900-1971); Toronto, Ontario [Toronto, Ontario]02 Dec 1952: 22.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 60], "content_span": [61, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069983-0008-0000", "contents": "1952 Toronto municipal election, Outside Toronto, Swansea\nSource: \"Seven Municipalities Within Greater Toronto Going to Polls Today\", Baker, Alden. The Globe and Mail (1936-2016); Toronto, Ont. [ Toronto, Ont]06 Dec 1952: 4.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 57], "content_span": [58, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069983-0009-0000", "contents": "1952 Toronto municipal election, Outside Toronto, Weston\nSource: \"Top Weston Officials Receive Acclamation\", The Globe and Mail (1936-2016); Toronto, Ont. [ Toronto, Ont]20 Nov 1952: 5.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 56], "content_span": [57, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069984-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Tour de France\nThe 1952 Tour de France was the 39th edition of the Tour de France, taking place from 25 June to 19 July. It was composed of 23 stages over 4,898\u00a0km (3,043\u00a0mi). Newly introduced were the arrivals on mountain peaks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069984-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Tour de France\nThe race was won by Italian Fausto Coppi. Coppi dominated the race, winning five stages and the mountains classification, and was a member of the winning Italian team. His dominance was so large that the Tour organisation had to double the prize money for second place to make the race interesting. At the end, Coppi had a margin of almost half an hour over the second-ranked cyclist; such a margin has never been achieved again. Although more than 25 years later during the 1979 edition, the 1st and 2nd place finishers Bernard Hinault and Joop Zoetemelk were both nearly a half hour ahead of the 3rd place finisher.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 637]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069984-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Tour de France, Teams\nAs was the custom since the 1930 Tour de France, the 1952 Tour de France was contested by national and regional teams. The three major cycling countries in 1952, Italy, Belgium and France, each sent a team of 12 cyclists. Other countries sent teams of 8 cyclists: Switzerland, Luxembourg (together with Australia), Netherlands and Spain. The French regional cyclists were divided into four teams of 12 cyclists: Paris, North-East/Centre, South-East and West/South-West. The last team of eight cyclists was made up out of cyclists from the French North African colonies. In the end, Luxembourg only sent 6 cyclists, so altogether this made 122 cyclists. There were 57 French (of which 6 were Algerian), 13 Italian, 12 Belgian, 8 Dutch, 8 Spanish, 8 Swiss, 5 Luxembourgian and 1 Australian cyclists.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 26], "content_span": [27, 824]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069984-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Tour de France, Pre-race favourites\nThe winners of the last two editions, Swiss cyclists Hugo Koblet and Ferdinand K\u00fcbler, were injured and did not enter the race, nor did French cyclist Louison Bobet. On the last press conference before the race, Jacques Goddet conducted a poll amongst journalists to see who they considered the favourite. Coppi received 29 votes in that poll, followed by G\u00e9miniani and Bartali, both with 26 votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 40], "content_span": [41, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069984-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Tour de France, Route and stages\nThe final stage was from Vichy, the capital of Vichy France in the Second World War, to Paris. Vichy had never before been visited, and the distance from Vichy to Paris was significantly longer than the other stages. A newspaper described it as linking the two cities together. The stop in Vichy was successful, with a new record of 150.000 live spectators. An innovation was the stage arrivals on mountain peaks. This happened three times in 1952, on stages 10, 11 and 21. There were two rest days, in Alpe d'Huez and Toulouse. The highest point of elevation in the race was 2,556\u00a0m (8,386\u00a0ft) at the summit tunnel of the Col du Galibier mountain pass on stage 11.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 37], "content_span": [38, 703]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069984-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Tour de France, Race overview\nIn the fourth stage, Jean Robic, the winner of the 1947 Tour de France was in a group with his teammate Rapha\u00ebl G\u00e9miniani, and Robic let G\u00e9miniani do all the work. After the stage, Robic told reporters that he had been smart, because he had saved energy and was in a better position to win the Tour. G\u00e9miniani then became angry and held Robic's head in a hotel room sink. It was the last year that Robic rode on the national team. At that moment, Nello Lauredi was the leader in the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069984-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 Tour de France, Race overview\nIn the sixth stage, Fiorenzo Magni escaped, and became the leader of the general classification by twelve seconds. In the 1950 Tour de France, Magni had already become the leader, but left the race without riding in the yellow jersey. In the time trial in stage seven, won by Fausto Coppi, Magni lost his lead, and Lauredi became leader again.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069984-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 Tour de France, Race overview\nThe first high mountains appeared in stage eight. Magni and Lauredi stayed together, but because Magni took a twenty-second bonification for finishing second, they swapped positions again, and Magni became leader again.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069984-0008-0000", "contents": "1952 Tour de France, Race overview\nIn the ninth stage, a group of eight cyclists got away, including Coppi's teammate Andrea Carrea. At the end of the stage, the group had a margin of more than nine minutes. Carrea went to the hotel after the finish, but was picked up by the police. Carrea asked what he had done wrong, but he was told that he was the new leader of the race, and had to go to the ceremony to receive the yellow jersey. Carrea apologised to his team leader Coppi, in fear that his team leader would be angry because a helper occupied the highest rank, but Coppi was not angry.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069984-0009-0000", "contents": "1952 Tour de France, Race overview\nIn the tenth stage, Robic attacked, and only Coppi was able to follow him. Later, Robic had a flat tire. Because his team director was far away, he lost several minutes, and lost so much time that he dropped from second place to fifth place. Coppi rode away and won the stage, taking over the lead in the general classification from his teammate. The top three riders were all Italian at that moment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069984-0010-0000", "contents": "1952 Tour de France, Race overview\nAfter the rest day, the eleventh stage was again a mountain stage. The cyclists from the French national team, especially G\u00e9miniani, attacked on the Galibier, but Coppi counterattacked and escaped easily. At the end of the stage, Coppi won by a large margin. His lead in the general classification was now almost 20 minutes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069984-0011-0000", "contents": "1952 Tour de France, Race overview\nThe margin was so large that Coppi didn't need to attack in the twelfth stage. When Coppi had a flat tire, his teammate Gino Bartali gave him his own wheel, which was a sign that the rivalry between the two cyclists was over. Even though Coppi rode conservatively in that stage, the cyclist directly behind him in the general classification, Alex Close, lost another four minutes, and Coppi was now 24 minutes ahead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069984-0012-0000", "contents": "1952 Tour de France, Race overview\nThe Tour organisation feared that the race would become dull, now that Coppi's lead was so large. Therefore, they doubled the prize money for second and third place, hoping to keep the other cyclists aggressive.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069984-0013-0000", "contents": "1952 Tour de France, Race overview\nIn the sixteenth stage, the riders were apparently not motivated by the double prize money, as they were slow that day. The organisation then responded by canceling the prize money; there was still a rule from before 1947, that said that stage winners had to go at least 30\u00a0km/h to win prize money. The winner, Andr\u00e9 Rosseel, had only reached 29\u00a0km/h.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069984-0014-0000", "contents": "1952 Tour de France, Race overview\nIn the seventeenth stage, G\u00e9miniani, who was already in fourteenth place, 52 minutes behind in the general classification, escaped. Coppi did not chase him, and allowed G\u00e9miniani to win the stage. In the eighteenth stage, Coppi reached the top of the mountains first, but took it easy on the descent, and allowed other cyclists to get back to him. He still won the sprint at the end of the stage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069984-0015-0000", "contents": "1952 Tour de France, Race overview\nCoppi also won the last mountain stage, stage 21, and increased his lead to more than 31 minutes. In the time trial on the next day, Coppi apparently took it easy. Previously he was an expert in such time trials, but on that day he allowed other cyclists to win back some time, and finished on the fourteenth place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069984-0016-0000", "contents": "1952 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes\nThe time that each cyclist required to finish each stage was recorded, and these times were added together for the general classification. If a cyclist had received a time bonus, it was subtracted from this total; all time penalties were added to this total. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey. Of the 123 cyclists that started the 1951 Tour de France, 66 finished the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 63], "content_span": [64, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069984-0017-0000", "contents": "1952 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes\nPoints for the mountains classification were earned by reaching the mountain tops first. The system was the same as in 1951: there were three types of mountain tops: the hardest ones, in category 1, gave 10 points to the winner, the easier ones in category 2 gave 6 points to the winner, and the easiest in category 3 gave 3 points. Fausto Coppi won this classification.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 63], "content_span": [64, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069984-0018-0000", "contents": "1952 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes\nThe team classification had been awarded and calculated since 1930, but in 1952 the daily team classification was also calculated: for each stage, the best team (calculated as the team of which the best three cyclists had the lowest accumulated team in that stage) received a prize. The riders in the team that led this classification wore yellow caps for the first time in 1952. It was won by the Italian team. The Luxembourgian team finished with only two cyclists, and therefore were not eligible for the team classification.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 63], "content_span": [64, 592]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069984-0019-0000", "contents": "1952 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes\nThe 1952 Tour de France saw the introduction of the combativity award, a daily award for the most combative rider of the stage. The winner of that award received 100,000 French francs. The super-combativity award, the award for the most combative rider of the entire Tour de France, was also first given in 1953, determined by a jury vote, to Robic. The Souvenir Henri Desgrange was given to the first rider to pass the memorial to Tour founder Henri Desgrange near the summit of the Col du Galibier stage 11. This prize was won by Fausto Coppi. The special award for the best regional rider was won by eighteenth-placed Marcel Zelasco.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 63], "content_span": [64, 700]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069984-0020-0000", "contents": "1952 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes\nThere were also a few minor awards. After every stage, an award was given to the cyclist with the most bad luck, and to the most 'cold-blooded' cyclist. At the end of the Tour the award for the cyclist with the most bad luck was given to Wim van Est. The award for most beloved cyclist was given to Antonin Rolland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 63], "content_span": [64, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069984-0021-0000", "contents": "1952 Tour de France, Aftermath\nThe daily combativity award was a success, and has been awarded ever since. The mountain finishes also were spectacular enough to have been included in every Tour de France since.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 30], "content_span": [31, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069984-0022-0000", "contents": "1952 Tour de France, Aftermath\nFausto Coppi would never start the Tour de France again.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 30], "content_span": [31, 87]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069984-0023-0000", "contents": "1952 Tour de France, Aftermath\nThe team selecters for the French national team felt that Rapha\u00ebl G\u00e9miniani had held back when chasing Fausto Coppi, because they rode for the same sponsor. For that reason, G\u00e9miniani was left out the national team for the 1952 UCI Road World Championships. To avoid these problems in the future, G\u00e9miniani switched teams at the end of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 30], "content_span": [31, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069985-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Tour de Romandie\nThe 1952 Tour de Romandie was the sixth edition of the Tour de Romandie cycle race and was held from 17 April to 20 April 1952. The race started and finished in Payerne. The race was won by Wout Wagtmans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069986-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Tour de Suisse\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Severo (talk | contribs) at 00:05, 24 March 2020 (1952 Challenge Desgrange-Colombo). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069986-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Tour de Suisse\nThe 1952 Tour de Suisse was the 16th edition of the Tour de Suisse cycle race and was held from 14 June to 21 June 1952. The race started and finished in Z\u00fcrich. The race was won by Pasquale Fornara.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069987-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Tour of Flanders\nThe 36th running of the Tour of Flanders cycling classic was held on Sunday, 6 April 1952. Belgian Roger Decock won the race in a three-man sprint before Loretto Petrucci and Briek Schotte. 43 of 210 riders finished.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069987-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Tour of Flanders, Route\nThe race started in Ghent and finished in Wetteren \u2013 totaling 258 km. The course featured four categorized climbs:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 28], "content_span": [29, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069988-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Transportes A\u00e9reos Nacional Douglas C-47 mid-air fire\nThe 1952 Transportes A\u00e9reos Nacional Douglas C-47 mid-air fire occurred on 12 August 1952 when a Douglas C-47A registered PP-ANH was destroyed after a in-flight fire caused it to crash near Palmeiras de Goi\u00e1s, Brazil.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069988-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Transportes A\u00e9reos Nacional Douglas C-47 mid-air fire\nThe 1944-built C-47 was on a domestic flight from Rio Verde Airport to Goi\u00e2nia-Santa Genoveva Airport, belonged to Viabras and was operated by Transportes A\u00e9reos Nacional.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069989-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Travancore-Cochin Legislative Assembly election\nElections to the Legislative Assembly of the Indian state of Travancore-Cochin were held on 27 March 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069989-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Travancore-Cochin Legislative Assembly election, Constituencies\nTravancore-Cochin had 97 constituencies, 11 of them were two-member constituencies and 86 were single-member constituencies. There were 33,65,955 electors in the single member constituencies, while 8,44,389 electors in two-member constituencies. Total 437 candidates competed for 108 seats of the 97 constituencies in the Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 68], "content_span": [69, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069989-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Travancore-Cochin Legislative Assembly election, Political parties\nThree national parties (Indian National Congress, Revolutionary Socialist Party and Socialist Party) along with four state parties (Cochin Party, Travancore Cochin Republican Praja Party, Travancore Tamil Nadu Congress and Tamil Nadu Toilers Party) and two registered unrecognized party (Kerala Socialist Party and  Tamil Nadu People Front) took part in the electoral process of 1951-1952 assembly elections. Since Communist Party of India was banned in Travancore-Cochin State, its candidates took part in the electoral process as Independent candidates, which later formed a United Left front of leftists following the success in the elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 71], "content_span": [72, 718]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069989-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Travancore-Cochin Legislative Assembly election, Results\nCongress party fell short of the majority by 11 seats. So it formed a coalition government with the help of Travancore Tamil Nadu Congress, Kerala Socialist Party and a Nominated member.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 61], "content_span": [62, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069990-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Trentino-Alto Adige/S\u00fcdtirol regional election\nThe Trentino-Alto Adige/S\u00fcdtirol regional election of 1952 took place on 16 November 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069990-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Trentino-Alto Adige/S\u00fcdtirol regional election\nThe Christian Democracy and the South Tyrolean People's Party won again.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069991-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Tulane Green Wave football team\nThe 1952 Tulane Green Wave football team was an American football team that represented Tulane University during the 1952 college football season as a member of the Southeastern Conference. In their first year under head coach Raymond Wolf, the team compiled a 5\u20135 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069992-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Tulsa Golden Hurricane football team\nThe 1952 Tulsa Golden Hurricane football team represented the University of Tulsa during the 1952 college football season. In their fifth year under head coach Buddy Brothers, the Golden Hurricane compiled an 8\u20132\u20131 record (3\u20131 against Missouri Valley Conference opponents) and lost to Florida, 14\u201313, in the 1953 Gator Bowl. The team defeated Kansas State (26\u20137), Oklahoma A&M (23\u201321), Arkansas (44\u201334) and Texas Tech (26\u201320), tied Cincinnati (14\u201314), and lost to #19 Houston (7\u201333).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069993-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 U.S. National Championships (tennis)\nThe 1952 U.S. National Championships (now known as the US Open) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the West Side Tennis Club, Forest Hills in New York City, United States. The tournament ran from 29 August until 8 September. It was the 72nd staging of the U.S. National Championships, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of the year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069993-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Men's doubles\nMervyn Rose /  Vic Seixas defeated  Ken McGregor /  Frank Sedgman 3\u20136, 10\u20138, 10\u20138, 6\u20138, 8\u20136", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 64], "content_span": [65, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069993-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Women's doubles\nShirley Fry /  Doris Hart defeated  Louise Brough /  Maureen Connolly 10\u20138, 6\u20134", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 66], "content_span": [67, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069993-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Mixed doubles\nDoris Hart /   Frank Sedgman defeated  Thelma Coyne Long /  Lew Hoad 6\u20133, 7\u20135", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 64], "content_span": [65, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069994-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nFrank Sedgman defeated Gardnar Mulloy 6\u20131, 6\u20132, 6\u20133 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1952 U.S. National Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069994-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Men's Singles, Seeds\nThe tournament used two lists of eight players for seeding the men's singles event; one for U.S. players and one for foreign players. Frank Sedgman is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 55], "content_span": [56, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069995-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Women's Singles\nFirst-seeded and defending champion Maureen Connolly defeated Doris Hart 6\u20133, 7\u20135 in the final to win the Women's Singles tennis title at the 1952 U.S. National Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069995-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Women's Singles, Seeds\nThe tournament used two lists for seeding the women's singles event; one for U.S. players and one for foreign players. Maureen Connolly is the champion; others show in brackets the round in which they were eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 57], "content_span": [58, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069996-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 U.S. Open (golf)\nThe 1952 U.S. Open was the 52nd U.S. Open, held June 12\u201314 at Northwood Club in Dallas, Texas. Julius Boros captured the first of his three major titles, four strokes ahead of runner-up Ed Oliver.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069996-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 U.S. Open (golf)\nTwo-time defending champion Ben Hogan, raised in nearby Fort Worth, attempted to become the second to win three consecutive U.S. Opens, and with two rounds of 69 he had the 36-hole lead, two strokes ahead of George Fazio. But consecutive rounds of 74 in the Saturday heat dropped Hogan back to third place, five strokes behind. Boros carded a third-round 68 to take a two-stroke lead, then shot a 71 for a 281 total and waited in the clubhouse to see if anyone would catch him, but none did. The closest was Oliver with a 72 to finish at 285, four behind Boros. Temperatures reached 98\u00a0\u00b0F (37\u00a0\u00b0C) under sunny skies on Saturday, with a gallery estimated at 15,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 685]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069996-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 U.S. Open (golf)\nHogan was admittedly affected by the heat, and his final round included an out-of-bounds approach shot on the dogleg par-4 sixth hole and numerous three-putts. Boros successfully scrambled during both rounds on Saturday, chipping close and making lengthy putts. Hogan told Boros he was \"a magician.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069996-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 U.S. Open (golf)\nIt was Boros' first win on the PGA Tour at the age of 32; just three years earlier he reached the quarterfinals of the U.S. Amateur. Boros won 17 more times as a professional, including a second U.S. Open in 1963. Five years later he won the PGA Championship in 1968 at age 48, the oldest ever to win a major championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069996-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 U.S. Open (golf)\nHogan regained the title in 1953 for four U.S. Open wins in five attempts (he won his first in 1948 and did not enter in 1949 due to a near-fatal  automobile accident). Through 2015, Willie Anderson remains the only winner of three consecutive U.S. Opens, with titles in 1903, 1904, and 1905. The only repeat winners since 1951 are Curtis Strange in 1989 and Brooks Koepka in 2018.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069996-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 U.S. Open (golf)\nThe PGA Championship in 1952 was played the following week in Louisville, Kentucky. Boros was not eligible as he had been a pro less than five years, but  received a special invitation from the PGA of America. He withdrew before his start time of the stroke-play qualifier on Wednesday after dissension from other players.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069996-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 U.S. Open (golf)\nBoros' wife had died the previous September during the birth of their only child, son Jay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069997-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 U.S. Women's Open\nThe 1952 U.S. Women's Open was the seventh U.S. Women's Open, held June 26\u201329 at Bala Golf Club in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was the final time the event was organized by the LPGA Tour; the United States Golf Association (USGA) has conducted the championship since 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069997-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 U.S. Women's Open\nLouise Suggs, the 1949 champion, won the second of her two U.S. Women's Open titles, seven strokes ahead of runners-up Marlene Bauer and Betty Jameson. It was the sixth of eleven major championships for Suggs, whose lead after 36 holes was four strokes, and extended to seven strokes after the third round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069997-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 U.S. Women's Open\nThe championship was played in hot weather; temperatures in the first round on Thursday exceeded 100\u00a0\u00b0F (38\u00a0\u00b0C).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069998-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 UCI Road World Championships\nThe 1952 UCI Road World Championships took place in Luxembourg, Luxembourg between 23\u201324 August 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00069999-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 UCI Road World Championships \u2013 Men's road race\nThe men's road race at the 1952 UCI Road World Championships was the 19th edition of the event. The race took place on Sunday 24 August 1952 in Luxembourg. The race was won by Heinz M\u00fcller of West Germany.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070000-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 UCI Track Cycling World Championships\nThe 1952 UCI Track Cycling World Championships were the World Championship for track cycling. They took place in Paris, France from 26 to 31 August 1952. Five events for men were contested, 3 for professionals and 2 for amateurs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070001-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 UCLA Bruins football team\nThe 1952 UCLA Bruins football team was an American football team that represented the University of California, Los Angeles during the 1952 college football season. In their fourth year under head coach Red Sanders, the Bruins compiled an 8\u20131 record (5\u20131 conference) and finished in second place in the Pacific Coast Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070002-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year\nThe 1952 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year was the 27th year of greyhound racing in the United Kingdom and Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070002-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Summary\nThe annual totalisator was \u00a364,263,725, which indicated that the industry had stabilised following a few turbulent years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070002-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Summary\nThe year focused on the performances of two greyhounds, Endless Gossip and Magourna Reject. Despite the fact that Magourna Reject had failed to land a classic competition during the year, he drew the crowds everywhere he went and Endless Gossip was denied the chance to win the Triple Crown because the Scottish Greyhound Derby had been cancelled.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070002-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Competitions\nMatch racing was still popular even twenty years after the Mick the Miller era. One such match was between XPDNC (the Grand National champion against this year's favourite Lambourn Blackflash. Lambourn Blackflash won by five lengths and both competed in the Grand National at White City during May. The two rivals qualified for the final, but it was a 20-1 shot (Whistling Laddie) who upset the odds beating Lambourn Blackflash by one and a quarter lengths, XPDNC finished fifth in the first Grand National to contain six dogs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070002-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Competitions\nThe National Intertrack Championship sponsored by the News of the World was won by Eastville after the Bristol track defeated Bradford 19-11. Endless Gossip travelled to Cardiff Arms Park after winning the 1952 English Greyhound Derby and added the Welsh Greyhound Derby final defeating a field including Magourna Reject, Ballylanigan Tanist and Drumman Rambler.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070002-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Competitions\nMonachdy Girlie trained by Jimmy Jowett, won the Scurry Gold Cup and Endless Gossip then won the Laurels at Wimbledon Stadium which now offered \u00a31,000 to the winner. Magourna Reject was switched to the longer distances but failed to win both the Cesarewitch and St Leger and looked destined to never win a classic race. Monachdy Girlie won a second classic after a dead heat in the OaksThe Grand Prix competition was not run due to insufficient entries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070002-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Tracks\nThe Abbey Stadium in Swindon opened on 1 November. The stadium was opened by the Bristol Greyhound Racing Association, soon to change their name to Bristol Stadium Ltd and they also took control of affairs at Oxford Stadium, following the death of Managing Director Leslie Calcutt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 47], "content_span": [48, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070002-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, News\nTrainer Stan Biss died after suffering a stroke and failing to recover and the well-respected Managing Director of Catford Stadium, Frank Sutton also died. Sutton had introduced the British Breeders Produce Stakes. Laughing Lieutenant was the first stud dog to fly to Ireland for breeding purposes and trainer Jack Tallantire joined the New Cross Stadium training ranks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 45], "content_span": [46, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070002-0008-0000", "contents": "1952 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, News\nThe National Greyhound Racing Club made the weighing of greyhounds before a race compulsory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 45], "content_span": [46, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070002-0009-0000", "contents": "1952 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Ireland\nRacing in Ireland was experiencing a boom as attendances flocked to see the racing. A greyhound called Rough Waters had spent 1951 flapping (racing on independent tracks), in Scotland before being aimed towards Shelbourne Park and the Irish Greyhound Derby. Owned by one of Ireland's leading bookmakers Jimmy Lalor and trained by his brother Henry, the brindle went on to win the Derby final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070003-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 UMass Redmen football team\nThe 1952 UMass Redmen football team represented the University of Massachusetts Amherst in the 1952 college football season as a member of the Yankee Conference. The team was coached by Charlie O'Rourke and played its home games at Alumni Field in Amherst, Massachusetts. The 1952 season was O'Rourke's first as coach of the Minutemen, and was his only winning season with the team. UMass finished the season with a record of 4\u20133\u20131 overall and 1\u20132 in conference play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070004-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 USC Trojans football team\nThe 1952 USC Trojans football team represented the University of Southern California (USC) in the 1952 college football season. In their second year under head coach Jess Hill, the Trojans compiled a 10\u20131 record (6\u20130 against conference opponents), won the Pacific Coast Conference championship, and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 254 to 47.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070004-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 USC Trojans football team\nThe Trojans finished the season ranked #4 in the final United Press Coaches Poll and #5 in the final AP Poll. They faced five ranked opponents during the 1952 season and won four of those games: a 10\u20130 victory over #4 California on October 25; a 33\u20130 victory over #17 Washington on November 15; a 14\u201312 victory over #3 UCLA on November 22; a 9\u20130 loss to Notre Dame on November 29; and a 7\u20130 victory over Wisconsin in the 1953 Rose Bowl. USC's victory in the Rose Bowl was the first for the Pacific Coast Conference after seven consecutive losses to the representatives of the Big Ten Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 626]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070004-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 USC Trojans football team\nJim Sears led the team in passing with 51 of 105 passes completed for 739 yards, eight touchdowns and eight interceptions. Leon Sellers led the team in rushing with 103 carries for 386 yards and two touchdowns. Leon Clarke was the leading receiver with 25 catches for 372 yards and three touchdowns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070004-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 USC Trojans football team\nEight Trojans received honors from the Associated Press (AP), United Press (UP), or International News Service (INS) on the 1952 All-Pacific Coast Conference football team: back Jim Sears (AP-1 [safety]; INS-1; UP-1 [ halfback]); back Lindon Crow (AP-1 [defensive back]); defensive end Bob Hooks, USC (AP-1); tackle Robert Van Doren, USC (AP-1 [defensive tackle]; INS-1; UP-1); guard Elmer Willhoite, USC (AP-1 [defensive guard]; INS-1; UP-1); guard Marv Goux, USC (INS-1); center Lou Welsh, USC (AP-1); and linebacker George Timberlake, USC (AP-1).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070004-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 USC Trojans football team, Players\nThe following players were members of the 1952 USC Trojans football team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070005-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 USSR Chess Championship\nThe 1952 Soviet Chess Championship was the 20th edition of USSR Chess Championship. Held from 29 November to 29 December 1952 in Moscow. The tournament was won by Mikhail Botvinnik. Botvinnik and Mark Taimanov had a play-off match of six games in February 1953, which ended with the victory of Botvinnik 3\u00bd-2\u00bd, so bringing him hisseventh title. The final were preceded by quarter-finals events and four semifinals (at Leningrad, Minsk, Riga and Sochi). For the first time in such events players were forbidden to agree a draw in under 30 moves unless they could get the arbiter's consent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 617]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070006-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Ubangi-Shari Territorial Assembly election\nTerritorial Assembly elections were held in Ubangi-Shari on 30 March 1952. The result was a victory for the Movement for the Social Evolution of Black Africa (MESAN), which won 17 seats (all in the second college).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070006-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Ubangi-Shari Territorial Assembly election, Aftermath\nFollowing the elections, Henri Mabille was elected chair of the legislature.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 58], "content_span": [59, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070007-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Ulster Grand Prix\nThe 1952 Ulster Grand Prix was the sixth round of the 1952 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on 14\u201316 August 1952 at the Clady Circuit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070008-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States House of Representatives election in Puerto Rico\nThe election for Resident Commissioner to the United States House of Representatives took place on November 4, 1952, the same day as the larger Puerto Rican general election and the United States elections, 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 67], "section_span": [67, 67], "content_span": [68, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070009-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States House of Representatives elections\nThe 1952 United States House of Representatives elections was an election for the United States House of Representatives in 1952 which coincided with the election of President Dwight Eisenhower. Eisenhower's Republican Party gained 22 seats from the Democratic Party, gaining a majority of the House. However, the Democrats had almost 250,000 more votes (0.4%) thanks to overwhelming margins in the Solid South. This would be the last time the Republican Party won a majority in the House until 1994. It was also the last election when both major parties increased their share of the popular vote simultaneously, largely due to the disintegration of the American Labor Party and other third parties. As of 2021, this is the last time the House changed partisan control during a presidential cycle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 851]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070009-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States House of Representatives elections\nOutgoing President Harry Truman's dismal approval rating was one reason why his party lost its House majority. Also, continued uneasiness about the Korean War was an important factor. Joseph Martin (R-Massachusetts) became Speaker of the House, exchanging places with Sam Rayburn (D-Texas), who became the new Minority Leader.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070009-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 United States House of Representatives elections, Special elections\nFour special elections were held to finish terms in the 82nd United States Congress, which would end January 3, 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 72], "content_span": [73, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070009-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 United States House of Representatives elections, Arkansas\nArkansas lost one seat in reapportionment leaving it with 6; the existing 4th district along the western edge of the state lost some of its territory to the 3rd district in the northwest, and the rest was merged with the 7th district in the south, with minor changes to other districts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 63], "content_span": [64, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070009-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 United States House of Representatives elections, California\nSeven new seats were added in reapportionment, increasing the delegation from 23 to 30 seats. Two of the new seats were won by Democrats, and five by Republicans. One Republican and one Democratic incumbents lost re-election, and a retiring Democrat was replaced by a Republican. Overall, therefore, Democrats gained one seat and Republicans gained 7.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 65], "content_span": [66, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070009-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 United States House of Representatives elections, Florida\nFlorida was redistricted from 6 districts to 8, splitting the area around Sarasota out from the Tampa-St. Petersburg based 1st district, and splitting Gainesville out from the Jacksonville-based 2nd district.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 62], "content_span": [63, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070009-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 United States House of Representatives elections, Illinois\nIllinois lost one seat, redistricting from 26 to 25 districts. No changes were made to the Chicago area districts, but the downstate districts were broadly reorganized, forcing incumbents Peter F. Mack Jr. (Democratic) and Edward H. Jenison (Republican) into the same district.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 63], "content_span": [64, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070009-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 United States House of Representatives elections, Kentucky\nKentucky lost one seat at reapportionment, and redistricted from 9 districts to 8, adjusting boundaries across the state and dividing the old 8th up among its neighbors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 63], "content_span": [64, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070009-0008-0000", "contents": "1952 United States House of Representatives elections, Maryland\nMaryland redistricted from 6 to 7 seats, transferring territory from the 2nd to the 3rd and 4th and to a new 7th seat in the Baltimore suburbs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 63], "content_span": [64, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070009-0009-0000", "contents": "1952 United States House of Representatives elections, Maryland\nAs of 2021, this is the last time the Republican Party held a majority of congressional districts from Maryland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 63], "content_span": [64, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070009-0010-0000", "contents": "1952 United States House of Representatives elections, Michigan\nMichigan added one seat, and divided the 17th district to form an 18th district, leaving boundaries otherwise unchanged.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 63], "content_span": [64, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070009-0011-0000", "contents": "1952 United States House of Representatives elections, Mississippi\nMississippi lost 1 seat in reapportionment and redistricted from 7 seats to 6; in addition to other boundary adjustments a substantial portion of the old 4th district was moved into the 1st, and 4th district incumbent Abernethy defeated 1st district incumbent Rankin in the Democratic primary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 66], "content_span": [67, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070009-0012-0000", "contents": "1952 United States House of Representatives elections, New York\nNew York redistricted from 45 seats to 43, losing a seat in Long Island and another upstate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 63], "content_span": [64, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070009-0013-0000", "contents": "1952 United States House of Representatives elections, Ohio\nOhio's representation was not changed at reapportionment, but redistricted its at-large district into a 23rd district and also removed the 11th district in south Ohio, creating two new districts around Cleveland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 59], "content_span": [60, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070009-0014-0000", "contents": "1952 United States House of Representatives elections, Oklahoma\nOklahoma was reapportioned from 8 seats to 6 and eliminated the 7th and 8th districts, moving most of their territory into the 1st and 6th and expanding other districts to compensate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 63], "content_span": [64, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070009-0015-0000", "contents": "1952 United States House of Representatives elections, Pennsylvania\nPennsylvania redistricted from 33 districts to 30, eliminating 1 district in northeastern Pennsylvania and 2 in southwestern Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 67], "content_span": [68, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070009-0016-0000", "contents": "1952 United States House of Representatives elections, Tennessee\nTennessee lost one seat in reapportionment, and divided the old 4th district between the old 5th and 7th districts, with other minor boundary changes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 64], "content_span": [65, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070009-0017-0000", "contents": "1952 United States House of Representatives elections, Texas\nTexas gained one seat, adding it as an at-large district instead of redistricting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 60], "content_span": [61, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070009-0018-0000", "contents": "1952 United States House of Representatives elections, Virginia\nVirginia gained one seat, adding a new district in the DC suburbs and making boundary adjustments elsewhere.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 63], "content_span": [64, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070009-0019-0000", "contents": "1952 United States House of Representatives elections, Washington\nWashington gained one seat at reapportionment, adding it as an at-large district instead of redistricting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 65], "content_span": [66, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070010-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States House of Representatives elections in California\nThe United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1952 was an election for California's delegation to the United States House of Representatives, which occurred as part of the general election of the House of Representatives on November 4, 1952. California gained seven seats as a result of the 1950 Census, five of which were won by Republicans and two by Democrats. Of California's existing districts, Republicans won two Democratic-held seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 67], "section_span": [67, 67], "content_span": [68, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070010-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States House of Representatives elections in California, Results\nFinal results from the Clerk of the House of Representatives:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 67], "section_span": [69, 76], "content_span": [77, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070011-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina\nThe 1952 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina were held on November 4, 1952 to select six Representatives for two-year terms from the state of South Carolina. All six incumbents were re-elected and the composition of the state delegation remained solely Democratic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [71, 71], "content_span": [72, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070011-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 1st congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman L. Mendel Rivers of the 1st congressional district, in office since 1941, was unopposed in his bid for re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070011-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 2nd congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman John J. Riley of the 2nd congressional district, in office since 1951, was unopposed in his bid for re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070011-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 3rd congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman W.J. Bryan Dorn of the 3rd congressional district, in office since 1951, defeated Republican challenger David Dows.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070011-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 4th congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman Joseph R. Bryson of the 4th congressional district, in office since 1939, was unopposed in his bid for re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070011-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 5th congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman James P. Richards of the 5th congressional district, in office since 1933, defeated Wade S. Weatherford in the Democratic primary and Republican Herbert L. Crosland in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070011-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 6th congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman John L. McMillan of the 6th congressional district, in office since 1939, was unopposed in his bid for re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070012-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia\nThe 1952 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia were held on November 4, 1952 to determine who will represent the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States House of Representatives. Virginia gained an additional seat, having ten seats in the House apportioned according to the 1950 United States Census. Representatives are elected for two-year terms. Until this election, the Democratic Party had won every seat since 1932.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 65], "section_span": [65, 65], "content_span": [66, 516]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070013-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Olympic Trials (track and field)\nThe men's 1952 United States Olympic Trials for track and field were held at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum in Los Angeles, California, between June 27-8. The 10 kilometer walk trials were held in New York City on June 1, and the 50 kilometer walk trials were held on May 4 in Baltimore, Maryland. Three marathon trials were held between two races, the AAU National Championships in Yonkers, New York for both 1951 and 1952, on May 27, 1951 and May 18, 1952 and the Boston Marathon in Boston, Massachusetts, on April 19. Victor Dyrgall and Tom Jones finished 1-2 at both 1952 races to win selection. 1951's second placer John Lafferty was selected after finishing fifth in the same race in 1952. The 10,000 meters was held in Long Beach, California on June 20.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 815]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070013-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Olympic Trials (track and field)\nThe decathlon was held a week after the trials on July 1-2 at the hometown track of the defending Olympic champion, Bob Mathias in Tulare, California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070013-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Olympic Trials (track and field)\nThe Women's Olympic Trials were held separately in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania on July 1. The women's events didn't even record non-winning times. The women threw the American sized 8 Lb. implement. The process was organized by the AAU.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070014-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in Arizona\nThe 1952 United States Senate election in Arizona was held on November 4, 1952. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator and Senate Majority Leader Ernest McFarland ran for re-election to a third term, but was defeated by the Republican nominee and future candidate for President of the United States, Barry Goldwater.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070014-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in Arizona\nGoldwater ran an aggressive campaign against the entrenched Democrat, accumulating over fifty thousand air-miles in his travels about the state, during which he delivered more than six hundred speeches. He defeated McFarland in the general election by a slim margin of 6,725 votes out of approximately 260,000 cast, which Goldwater attributed in part to the unpopularity of President Harry S. Truman and the backing of popular Wisconsin Senator Joseph McCarthy. Goldwater also launched a get out the vote effort in the northern part of the state, knowing the margin of victory would be slim, and received support from Republican Party campaign organizations and several prominent party members.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 740]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070014-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in Arizona\nThe election marked the end of the Senate career of Ernest McFarland, who was first elected in 1940 and had served as co-chairman of the Joint Committee on Navajo-Hopi Indian Administration in addition to Senate Majority Leader. He was later elected Governor of Arizona in 1954 and ran unsuccessfully for his former Senate seat in 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070014-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in Arizona\nThis election would mark the beginning of a decades-long stretch of Republican electoral success in Arizona; Republicans would go on to continuously hold at least one of the state's Senate seats until 2020, when Democrats took control of both Senate seats in Arizona.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070014-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in Arizona, Campaign\nAfter becoming a member of the Phoenix City Council in 1949, Barry Goldwater assumed a position as campaign manager of fellow Republican John Howard Pyle's successful 1950 bid for Governor of Arizona. After Pyle's narrow victory in the 1950 election, Goldwater began exploring the possibility of running for higher office himself and won re-election to his seat on the Phoenix Council by a comfortable margin. Goldwater's interest compounded in 1951, the same year he won re-election to his council seat, when Illinois U.S. Senator Everett Dirksen visited Phoenix.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 55], "content_span": [56, 620]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070014-0004-0001", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in Arizona, Campaign\nGoldwater, while at a cocktail party for Dirksen, was approached by the Illinois Senator, who encouraged him to run for Incumbent Democratic Senator Ernest McFarland's seat. Goldwater said later that he had estimated his chances at winning the election to be fifteen-to-one. Nonetheless, Goldwater began conducting research on McFarland and studied the election returns of Howard Pyle's 1950 gubernatorial victory, leading him to re-estimate his chances to be fifty-fifty.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 55], "content_span": [56, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070014-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in Arizona, Campaign\nGoldwater had been campaigning for several months before formally announcing his candidacy for McFarland's U.S. Senate seat on April 24, 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 55], "content_span": [56, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070014-0005-0001", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in Arizona, Campaign\nIn his formal announcement, Goldwater cited six reasons for his entering the Senate race: his belief \"that a life-long familiarity with the State of Arizona and its people and intensive study of the problems and needs of this region as a businessman and citizen qualifies me to represent efficiently our state in Washington,\" his opposition to the expansion of the federal government and belief in states' rights, his opposition to the New Deal and Fair Deal programs, his belief that a U.S. Senator should not be \"a mere rubber stamp for any administration,\" and his opposition to the \"present tragic trend toward the destruction of individual freedom.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 55], "content_span": [56, 710]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070014-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in Arizona, Campaign\nThe divisive race between Dwight Eisenhower and Robert A. Taft for the Republican nomination in the 1952 presidential race became cause for concern for state Republicans, Goldwater in particular. He confided to an associate of the Republican National Committee, Clarence Buddington Kelland, that he believed the Democrats were beginning to benefit from the \"constant bickering\" within the party. This, believed Goldwater, was the best-case scenario for the Democrats, including McFarland, who was hindered in his bid for re-election by the unpopularity of the Truman administration.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 55], "content_span": [56, 638]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070014-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in Arizona, Campaign\nOriginally believing he could run a campaign on his own with relatively few resources, Goldwater hired a campaign manager in June 1952, Stephen Shadegg, who had previously worked on the campaign of Democratic U.S. Senator Carl Hayden. Goldwater also received financial and logistical help from the Republican National Committee and the Republican Senatorial Campaign Committee, as well as additional financial backing from prominent Republicans, including Sid Richardson and H. L. Hunt, and easily defeated his sole opponent, Lester Kahl, in the Republican primary on September 8.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 55], "content_span": [56, 636]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070014-0007-0001", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in Arizona, Campaign\nGoldwater employed a general election strategy of focusing get out the vote efforts on the three northernmost counties of Arizona, inhabited primarily by the Navajo and Hopi Native American peoples. Feeling the margin would be close in the election results, Goldwater believed these efforts, especially efforts to organize a voter registration campaign in the northern counties, to be crucial for victory, writing to Everett Dirksen in May that \"this might well be the margin of victory in this state.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 55], "content_span": [56, 558]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070014-0008-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in Arizona, Results\nOn Election Day, November 4, 1952, Barry Goldwater defeated incumbent Ernest McFarland by a slim margin, winning by 6,725 out of approximately 260,000 votes cast, becoming the first Republican to win an Arizona U.S. Senate election since 1920.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 54], "content_span": [55, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070014-0008-0001", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in Arizona, Results\nGoldwater, writing to Wisconsin Senator Joseph McCarthy, said of the results, \"The election victory was not entirely a surprise, because we knew that McFarland, carrying the weight of Truman's mistakes around his neck, would have a difficult time winning, particularly in view of the fact that I had spent nearly all of my life campaigning for this job, whether I realized it or not.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 54], "content_span": [55, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070015-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in California\nThe 1952 United States Senate election in California was held on November 4, 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070015-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in California\nBy cross-filing and winning the Democratic nomination, incumbent Republican Senator William F. Knowland was able to cruise to a general election victory with only nominal opposition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070016-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in Connecticut\nThe 1952 United States Senate election in Connecticut was held on November 4, 1952. Incumbent Democratic Senator William Benton, who won a special election to complete the term of retiring Senator Raymond Baldwin, was defeated by Republican William A. Purtell after serving only 2 years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070016-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in Connecticut, General election, Campaign\nDuring the campaign, Brien McMahon, the Class III Senator from Connecticut, died. Governor John Davis Lodge appointed Purtell, already the Republican nominee for this Class I seat, to serve as interim Senator in McMahon's place until a special election could be held.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 77], "content_span": [78, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070016-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in Connecticut, General election, Campaign\nPurtell supported General Eisenhower's campaign platform against \"communism, corruption, and Korea.\" Benton accused Purtell of being so conservative that he \"makes Bob Taft look like a left-wing New Dealer.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 77], "content_span": [78, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070017-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in Delaware\nThe 1952 United States Senate election in Delaware took place on November 4, 1952. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator John J. Williams was re-elected to a second term in office over Democratic Lieutenant Governor Alexis I. du Pont Bayard, the son of former Senator Thomas F. Bayard, Jr. and descendant of two of Delaware's most powerful families, the du Ponts and the Bayards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070018-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in Florida\nThe 1952 United States Senate election in Florida was held on November 4, 1952. Incumbent Senator Spessard Holland was easily re-elected to a second term in office.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070019-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in Indiana\nThe 1952 United States Senate election in Indiana took place on November 4, 1952. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator William E. Jenner was for re-elected to a second term in office over Governor of Indiana Henry F. Schricker.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070020-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in Maine\nThe 1952 United States Senate election in Maine was held on September 8, 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070020-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in Maine\nIncumbent Republican Senator Owen Brewster ran for re-election to a third term, but lost the Republican primary to Governor of Maine Frederick Payne. Payne easily won the general election against two Democratic opponents, party nominee Roger Dube and independent Democrat Earl Grant.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070020-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in Maine, Republican primary, Campaign\nPayne's campaign was encouraged and partly funded by billionaire Howard Hughes, who sought to end Brewster's political career over the investigation of Hughes's Trans World Airlines for war profiteering.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 73], "content_span": [74, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070020-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in Maine, Republican primary, Campaign\nPayne's victory may also have been aided by Brewster's connections to McCarthyism and racist groups like the Ku Klux Klan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 73], "content_span": [74, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070021-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in Maryland\nThe 1952 United States Senate election in Maryland was held on November 4, 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070021-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in Maryland\nIncumbent Democratic Senator Herbert O'Conor chose not to seek re-election for a second term. Republican U.S. Representative James Glenn Beall defeated Democrat George P. Mahoney to win the open seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070022-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in Massachusetts\nThe 1952 United States Senate election in Massachusetts was held on November 4, 1952. Incumbent Republican Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. lost to Congressman and future President John F. Kennedy, the Democratic Party nominee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070022-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in Massachusetts\nThis election marked the end of the Lodge family dynasty and the beginning of the Kennedy family dynasty. Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. and his grandfather Henry Cabot Lodge had held one of Massachusetts's two Senate seats 43 of the previous 60 years. Kennedy and his younger brother Ted Kennedy would hold this seat for 55 of the next 57.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070022-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, General election, Campaign\nThe 1952 Massachusetts Senate election was a contest between two representatives of New England's most prominent political families: the Republican Lodges and the Democratic Kennedys. The Lodges were a much older political dynasty; the family could trace its roots to the original Puritan pioneers who had first settled the state in the early seventeenth century. The Lodges were a \"Blue blood\" family, and along with several other Boston-area Protestant families, were considered to be at the apex of Massachusetts High Society, and they had been prominent in Boston political and business circles for generations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 79], "content_span": [80, 695]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070022-0002-0001", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, General election, Campaign\nLodge's grandfather, Henry Cabot Lodge Sr., had been a powerful United States Senator from Massachusetts, as well as a close friend and ally of President Theodore Roosevelt; he was also a foe of Woodrow Wilson. His grandson and namesake, Henry Cabot Lodge Jr., had first been elected to the U.S. Senate in 1936, when he was the only Republican Senate candidate in the nation to defeat a Democratic incumbent. He was easily reelected in 1942. During the Second World War he resigned his Senate seat and served as a Lt. Colonel in the U.S. Army in Italy and France. In 1945 Lodge helped negotiate the surrender of German forces in western Austria. In 1946 Lodge reclaimed a Senate seat when he defeated Democratic Senator David Walsh.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 79], "content_span": [80, 812]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070022-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, General election, Campaign\nLodge's Democratic opponent in the 1952 Senate race was three-term Congressman John F. Kennedy, then only 35 years old. Although the Kennedys were a much newer political dynasty than the Lodges, they had amassed a considerably larger financial fortune, thanks in large part to the business activities of Joseph P. Kennedy Sr., Kennedy's father.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 79], "content_span": [80, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070022-0003-0001", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, General election, Campaign\nThe Kennedys were Irish Catholics, and in many ways the 1952 Massachusetts Senate campaign was the climax of a longstanding battle between the older Protestant families like the Lodges, who had controlled politics in the Bay State for generations, and the newer Irish Catholic families such as the Kennedys, who for demographic reasons now outnumbered the Protestants. The Kennedys also viewed the 1952 race as something of a grudge match, as Lodge's grandfather had defeated Kennedy's grandfather, Boston Mayor John F. Fitzgerald, in a 1916 Senate race in Massachusetts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 79], "content_span": [80, 651]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070022-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, General election, Campaign\nCongressman Kennedy's Senate campaign was managed by his younger brother Robert F. Kennedy, who would perform the same function for his brother in the 1960 presidential campaign. Kennedy launched his campaign early in 1952 and made an intensive effort, by election day in November 1952 he had visited every city, town, and village in Massachusetts at least once. He also collected a record number of signatures for his petition for office, assembling a petition of over a quarter-million signatures. Many of those who signed the petition would later become campaign volunteers or workers for Kennedy in their hometowns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 79], "content_span": [80, 699]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070022-0004-0001", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, General election, Campaign\nA famous innovation by the Kennedys in the 1952 Senate race were a series of \"tea parties\" sponsored by Kennedy's mother and sisters in the fall. Congressman Kennedy attended each of the tea parties and shook hands and charmed the voters (usually female) who were present; it is estimated that a total of 70,000 voters attended the tea parties, which was roughly his margin of victory over Lodge.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 79], "content_span": [80, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070022-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, General election, Campaign\nLodge, meanwhile, neglected his Senate campaign for most of 1952. Instead, he focused on persuading Dwight D. Eisenhower, the popular World War II general, to run for and win the Republican presidential nomination over Ohio Senator Robert A. Taft, the leader of the party's conservatives. Lodge, a moderate and internationalist, strongly disagreed with Taft's isolationist foreign-policy views and felt that Taft could not win a presidential election. Lodge served as Eisenhower's campaign manager and played a key role in helping Eisenhower to beat Taft and win the Republican nomination.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 79], "content_span": [80, 669]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070022-0005-0001", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, General election, Campaign\nHowever, Lodge's prominent role in defeating Taft angered many of Taft's supporters in Massachusetts, and they vowed revenge. Congressman Kennedy privately courted many of Taft's more prominent backers in Massachusetts, and some of them, such as Basil Brewer, the publisher of the New Bedford Standard-Times, supported Kennedy over Lodge in their newspapers and editorials.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 79], "content_span": [80, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070022-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, General election, Campaign\nWhen the usually Democratic-leaning but financially unstable Boston Post planned to endorse Lodge, Joseph Kennedy arranged for a $500,000 loan so the paper would endorse his son; John Kennedy stated that \"we had to buy that fucking paper or I'd have been licked.\" Kennedy and Lodge engaged in one public debate, which was held on radio; the debate was generally considered a draw, although some observers felt that Kennedy's ability to hold his own with the older and more distinguished Lodge gave him the advantage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 79], "content_span": [80, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070022-0006-0001", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, General election, Campaign\nThe nationally-known and Catholic Senator Joseph McCarthy of Wisconsin refused to campaign for Lodge, a fellow Republican, due to his friendship with the Kennedy family. McCarthy was popular among many Catholic voters in Massachusetts due to his Communist-hunting activities in Congress; William F. Buckley Jr. believed that Lodge probably would have won the election with McCarthy's help.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 79], "content_span": [80, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070022-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, General election, Campaign\nOn the weekend before the election Eisenhower visited Boston and energetically campaigned for Lodge, but it was not enough. Although Eisenhower carried Massachusetts by over 200,000 votes, Kennedy narrowly upset Lodge, winning by 70,000 votes and three percentage points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 79], "content_span": [80, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070022-0008-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Aftermath\nKennedy's narrow victory marked the end of the Lodge dynasty and beginning of the Kennedy dynasty. Since January 1953 no member of the Lodge family has held political office in Massachusetts, and the family has largely retired from politics. Conversely, the Kennedy family controlled the Senate seat they won in 1952 from January 1953 until Ted Kennedy's death in August 2009, as John Kennedy, family friend Benjamin A. Smith II, and then Ted Kennedy each held the seat. Lodge served for eight years as President Eisenhower's United Nations Ambassador.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 62], "content_span": [63, 615]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070022-0008-0001", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Aftermath\nIn the 1960 presidential election, he was Richard Nixon's running mate, but the Democratic ticket of Senators Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson won the election. Lodge's son George C. Lodge lost the 1962 Massachusetts Senate race to Ted Kennedy, the last time that the two families opposed one another in a political campaign.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 62], "content_span": [63, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070023-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in Minnesota\nThe 1952 United States Senate election in Minnesota took place on November 4, 1952. Incumbent Republican Edward John Thye defeated Democratic challenger Bill Carlson to win a second term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070024-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in Mississippi\nThe 1952 United States Senate election in Mississippi took place on November 4, 1952. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator John C. Stennis was re-elected to a second term in office.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070024-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in Mississippi\nBecause Stennis was unopposed in the general election, his victory in the August 26 primary was tantamount to election. He defeated William P. Davis in a landslide.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070024-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in Mississippi, Democratic primary\nThe Democratic primary election was held on August 26, 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 69], "content_span": [70, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070024-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in Mississippi, Bibliography\nThis Mississippi elections-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 63], "content_span": [64, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070025-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in Missouri\nThe 1952 United States Senate election in Missouri was held on November 4, 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070025-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in Missouri\nIncumbent Republican Senator James P. Kem ran for re-election to a second term in office, but was defeated by Secretary of the Air Force Stuart Symington.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070026-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in Montana\nThe 1952 United States Senate election in Montana took place on November 4, 1952. Incumbent United States Senator Zales Ecton, who was first elected to the Senate in 1946, ran for re-election. Ecton won the Republican primary uncontested, and advanced to the general election, where he faced Mike Mansfield, the United States Congressman from Montana's 1st congressional district and the Democratic nominee. Following a close campaign, Mansfield narrowly defeated Ecton, winning his first of several terms in the Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 566]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070027-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in Nebraska\nThe 1952 United States Senate election in Nebraska took place on November 2, 1952. The incumbent Republican Senator, Hugh A. Butler, was re-elected to a third term. He defeated Stanley D. Long. A special election to finish Kenneth S. Wherry's term was held on the same day. The independent candidate Dwight Dell also ran for the seat, despite acknowledging his slim chance of election. Butler performed on par with Dwight D. Eisenhower, who won the state with 69.15% of the vote in the presidential election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070027-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in Nebraska, Other candidates\nA petition to put Dwight Dell, the state director of the Christian Rural Overseas Program, onto the ballot were circulated by an anti-conscription campaign, known as the Committee to Elect Dell and Knowles, opposing its use in the Korean War. Dell promised to run only if the petition received over 5,000 votes. Dell ran as a pacifist, calling for a reduction in armaments.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 64], "content_span": [65, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070028-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in New Jersey\nThe United States Senate election of 1952 in New Jersey was held on November 4, 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070028-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in New Jersey\nIncumbent Republican Senator H. Alexander Smith was re-elected to a second term against Undersecretary of the Army Archibald S. Alexander. Both men were residents of Princeton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070028-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in New Jersey\nAs of 2021, this is the last time the Republicans won the Class 1 Senate seat in New Jersey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070029-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in New York\nThe 1952 United States Senate election in New York was held on November 4. Incumbent Republican Senator Irving M. Ives was re-elected to a second term in office over Democrat John Cashmore with a then-record margin of victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070029-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in New York, Democratic nomination, Convention\nThe Democratic State Convention was held at the Commodore Hotel in Manhattan on August 28. A welcoming speech was delivered by Mayor Vincent Impellitteri. Before the candidates were announced, presidential candidate Adlai Stevenson II addressed the delegates. John Cashmore was nominated on the first ballot. He overcame five avowed candidates, including Manhattan Borough President Robert F. Wagner Jr., who had been the favorite for the seat only weeks before.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 81], "content_span": [82, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070029-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in New York, Democratic nomination, Convention\nCashmore also rejected a last-minute proposal by party chairman Paul E. Fitzpatrick that he and the other leading candidates would withdraw in an effort to draft W. Averell Harriman into the race. Harriman had recently been an unsuccessful candidate for the Democratic nomination for President and had publicly stated he would not run for Senator. However, Fitzpatrick believed that the Liberal Party, which openly preferred Harriman or Wagner, would refuse to support Cashmore. Cashmore, certain of his chances even without Liberal support, declined.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 81], "content_span": [82, 633]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070029-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in New York, Democratic nomination, Convention\nAfter it became clear that Cashmore had a majority on the first ballot, Wagner moved to make his nomination unanimous, and county delegations began to switch to him en masse. Before switches, the first ballot stood as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 81], "content_span": [82, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070029-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in New York, Democratic nomination, Convention\nCashmore had solid support from his native Brooklyn, Queens, the Bronx and the Capital District. Wagner's support came from Manhattan, Long Island, and Buffalo. Cashmore also took twelve crucial votes in Wagner's native Manhattan, delivered to him by renegade West Side leader Robert B. Blaikie. Westchester, which was expected to be solidly for its native son Stanley Church, had not yet voted before it became clear Cashmore would win; the county voted for Cashmore instead, beginning the stampede.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 81], "content_span": [82, 582]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070029-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in New York, Democratic nomination, Convention\nCashmore made an acceptance speech in which he assailed Senator Ives for playing to the reactionary base of the Republican Party despite his publicly avowed progressivism.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 81], "content_span": [82, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070029-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in New York, Liberal nomination\nThe Liberal met on August 28 and formally nominated Dr. George S. Counts, Professor of Education at Teachers College, Columbia University. Counts's nomination was intended to be temporary, as the Liberal Party usually cross-endorsed the Democratic nominee. However, the nomination of John Cashmore proved untenable for the Liberals, and in early September they chose to stick by Counts as their candidate. The party considered endorsing Senator Ives but decided against such an endorsement due to Ives's vote for the Taft-Hartley Act in 1947. Counts himself chose not to withdraw from the race before the deadline of September 5, after Cashmore rejected a proposal that they both drop out in favor of Averell Harriman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 66], "content_span": [67, 785]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070029-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in New York, General election, Results\nThe Republican incumbent Ives was re-elected with the then-largest margin in state history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 73], "content_span": [74, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070030-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in North Dakota\nThe 1952 United States Senate election in North Dakota took place on November 4, 1952, to elect a member of the United States Senate to represent the State of North Dakota, concurrently with other Class 1 elections to the Senate and various other federal, state, and local elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070030-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in North Dakota\nIncumbent Republican-NPL Senator William Langer was re-elected to a third term with 66.35% of the vote, defeating Democratic candidate Harold A. Morrison with 23.26% of the vote and independent candidate Fred G. Aandahl with 10.40% of the vote. Aandahl, the 23rd Governor of North Dakota, ran as an independent after having failed to defeat Langer in the Republican primary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 425]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070031-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in Ohio\nThe 1952 United States Senate election in Ohio was held on November 4, 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070031-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in Ohio\nIncumbent Republican Senator John W. Bricker was re-elected to a second term in office over Director of the Economic Stabilization Agency and former Toledo mayor Michael DiSalle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070032-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania\nThe 1952 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania was held on November 4, 1952. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Edward Martin successfully sought re-election to another term, defeating the Democratic nominee, Guy K. Bard.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070033-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in Tennessee\nThe 1952 United States Senate election in Tennessee was held on November 4, 1952. Incumbent Democratic Senator and President pro tempore of the Senate Kenneth D. McKellar ran for re-election to a seventh term in office, but was defeated in the Democratic primary by U.S. Representative Al Gore. Gore easily won the general election against Republican Hobart Atkins.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 413]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070034-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in Texas\nThe 1952 United States Senate election in Texas was held on November 4, 1952. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Tom Connally did not run for re-election to a fifth term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070034-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in Texas\nAttorney General Price Daniel won the open race to succeed him, defeating U.S. Representative Lindley Beckworth in the Democratic primary on July 26. Daniel was unopposed in the general election, as the Texas Republican Party chose to endorse the Democratic ticket for all state offices to maximize votes for their presidential nominee Dwight Eisenhower.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070035-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in Vermont\nThe 1952 United States Senate election in Vermont took place on November 4, 1952. Incumbent Republican Ralph Flanders successfully ran for re-election to another term in the United States Senate, defeating Democratic candidate Allan R. Johnston.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070036-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in Virginia\nThe 1952 United States Senate election in Virginia was held on November 4, 1952. Incumbent Senator Harry F. Byrd Sr. was re-elected to a fourth term after defeating Independent Democrat H. M. Vise Sr. and Social Democrat Clarke Robb.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070037-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in Washington\nThe 1952 United States Senate election in Washington was held on November 4, 1952. Incumbent Republican Harry Cain ran for a second term in office, but was defeated by Democratic U.S. Representative Henry M. Jackson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070038-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in Wisconsin\nThe 1952 United States Senate election in Wisconsin was held on November 4, 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070038-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in Wisconsin\nIncumbent Republican U.S. Senator Joseph McCarthy was elected to a second term in office over Democrat Thomas E. Fairchild. McCarthy did not complete his term; he died on May 2, 1957 and was succeeded by William Proxmire in a special election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070038-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in Wisconsin\nAs of 2021, this is the last time the Republicans won the Class 1 senate seat in Wisconsin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070038-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in Wisconsin, General election, Results\nThe 1952 race was much closer than McCarthy's 1946 victory, and he trailed Republican presidential candidate Dwight D. Eisenhower by around 100,000 votes in the state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 74], "content_span": [75, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070039-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate election in Wyoming\nThe 1952 United States Senate election in Wyoming took place November 4, 1952. Incumbent Democratic Senator Joseph C. O'Mahoney ran for his fourth consecutive term. He faced a strong challenge from Republican Governor Frank A. Barrett, and faced difficult headwinds as Dwight D. Eisenhower, the Republican nominee for president, was winning Wyoming in a landslide over Democratic nominee Adlai Stevenson. Despite his history of strong performances in the increasingly conservative state, however, O'Mahoney was unable to replicate it, and narrowly lost to Barrett. However, O'Mahoney would return to the Senate less than two years later; following the death of Senator Lester C. Hunt, he was elected to the Senate once again in the 1954 election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 792]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070040-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate elections\nThe 1952 United States Senate elections was an election for the United States Senate which coincided with the election of Dwight D. Eisenhower to the presidency by a large margin. The Republicans took control of the senate by managing to make a net gain of two seats, which was reduced to one when Wayne Morse (R-OR) became an independent. The Republicans still held a majority after Morse's switch. This election was the second time in history (after 1932) that the party in power lost their majority and the Senate Majority Leader lost his own re-election bid. (In addition, this was the second consecutive election in which a sitting Democratic Senate leader lost his seat.) This was the last time the Senate changed hands in a presidential election year until 1980 and the last time the GOP won control of the Senate until 1980.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 868]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070040-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate elections, Results summary\nColored shading indicates party with largest share of that row.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 52], "content_span": [53, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070040-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Special elections during the 82nd Congress\nIn these special elections the winners were seated before January 3, 1953; ordered by election date, then state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 95], "content_span": [96, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070040-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Races leading to the 83rd Congress\nIn these general elections, the winner was seated on January 3, 1953; ordered by state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 87], "content_span": [88, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070040-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate elections, Connecticut\nThere were two elections on the same day due to the July 28, 1952 death of two-term Democrat Brien McMahon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 48], "content_span": [49, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070040-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate elections, Connecticut\nRepublican businessman William Purtell was appointed August 29, 1952 to continue the class 3 term, pending a special election in which he was not a candidate. Purtell was already the Republican nominee in the regular election for the class 1 seat, a race he then won.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 48], "content_span": [49, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070040-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate elections, Michigan\nThere were two elections to the same seat on the same day due to the April 18, 1951 death of five-term Republican Arthur Vandenberg. Democratic journalist Blair Moody was appointed April 23, 1951 to continue the term pending a special election. The primary elections were held August 5, 1952. Moody lost both the special and the regular elections to Republican congressman Charles E. Potter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070040-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate elections, New Jersey\nAs of 2020, this was the last time that Republicans have won the Class 1 U.S Senate seat from New Jersey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070040-0008-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate elections, New York\nIn New York, the Liberal State Committee met on August 28, and nominated Dr. George S. Counts, Professor of Education at Teachers College, Columbia University, for the U.S. Senate. The Republican State Committee re-nominated the incumbent U.S. senator Irving M. Ives. The Democratic State Committee met on August 28, and nominated Brooklyn Borough President John Cashmore for the U.S. Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070040-0009-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate elections, New York\nThe Republican incumbent Ives was re-elected with the then largest plurality in state history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070041-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate elections in Michigan\nThe 1952 United States Senate election in Michigan was held on November 4, 1952 alongside a special election to the same seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070041-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate elections in Michigan\nRepublican Senator Arthur Vandenberg died in office in April 1951. Governor G. Mennen Williams appointed journalist Blair Moody to fill Vandenberg's seat until a successor could be duly elected. Moody then lost the special election to complete Vandenberg's term and the regularly scheduled 1952 election to U.S. Representative Charles E. Potter, both held on November 4.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070041-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate elections in Michigan, Republican primary, Candidates\nKeyes and Prevost were not candidates for the special election to finish Vandenberg's term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 79], "content_span": [80, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070042-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate special election in Connecticut\nThe 1952 United States Senate special election in Connecticut was held on November 4, 1952 to fill the vacancy left by the death of Brien McMahon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070042-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate special election in Connecticut\nIncumbent Senator Prescott Bush, who won a special election in 1952, was re-elected to a full term in office over Democratic U.S. Representative Thomas J. Dodd.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070042-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate special election in Connecticut, Background\nSenator Brien McMahon, whose term in office was scheduled to expire in 1957, died on July 28, 1952. William A. Purtell, who was already the Republican nominee for Connecticut's other Senate seat in a regularly scheduled election for the term expiring in 1959, was appointed to fill the seat until a successor could be duly elected. Purtell continued to stand in the regular election rather than run for the remainder of McMahon's term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 69], "content_span": [70, 505]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070043-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States Senate special election in Nebraska\nThe 1952 United States Senate special election in Nebraska took place on November 2, 1952. Kenneth S. Wherry was elected to the term in 1948. Following his death, State Senator Fred A. Seaton was appointed to the vacancy. Dwight Griswold was elected to complete Wherry's term, defeating William Ritchie. The election was held alongside a regular election. Griswold underperformed Dwight D. Eisenhower, who won the state with 69.15% of the vote in the presidential election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070044-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States elections\nThe 1952 United States elections were held on November 4, 1952. The Republicans took control of the presidency and both chambers of Congress for the first time since the Great Depression. The election took place during the Korean War.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070044-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States elections\nRepublican nominee Five-star general Dwight D. Eisenhower defeated Democratic Governor Adlai Stevenson of Illinois. Eisenhower won the popular vote by eleven points, and carried every state outside the South. Eisenhower took the Republican nomination on the first ballot, defeating Ohio Senator Robert A. Taft and California Governor Earl Warren. After incumbent president Harry S. Truman declined to seek re-election, Stevenson won the Democratic nomination on the third ballot, defeating Tennessee Senator Estes Kefauver, Georgia Senator Richard Russell Jr., and former Commerce Secretary W. Averell Harriman. Eisenhower was the first professional soldier to be elected president since Ulysses S. Grant.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 734]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070044-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 United States elections\nThe Republicans gained twenty-two seats in the U.S. House of Representatives, gaining a majority over the Democrats. The House elections took place after the 1950 United States Census and the subsequent Congressional re-apportionment. The Republicans also became the majority in the U.S. Senate, gaining two seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070044-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 United States elections\nTo date, 1952 is the last time both houses of Congress and the Presidency have all flipped in the same election, and it would be the last time the Republicans won the Senate Majority until 1980 and the last time they would win the House Majority until 1994.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070045-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States gubernatorial elections\nUnited States gubernatorial elections were held in 1952, in 30 states, concurrent with the House, Senate elections and presidential election, on November 4, 1952 (September 8 in Maine).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070046-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States men's Olympic basketball team\nThe 1952 United States men's Olympic basketball team competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki, Finland from July 14 to August 2, 1952. Warren Womble was the team's head coach, and Phog Allen was the team's main assistant coach. The team won its third straight Summer Olympics basketball gold medal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070046-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States men's Olympic basketball team, Roster\nThe team consisted of 14 members. It included five members of the Amateur Athletic Union's Peoria Caterpillars team and two Phillips 66ers. The team also featured seven players from the National Champion 1951\u201352 Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball team, as well as their coach Phog Allen, who served as assistant on the team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 56], "content_span": [57, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070046-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 United States men's Olympic basketball team, Final match up versus USSR\nThe final match up game was a very low scoring game. After only ten minutes, Team USA led 4\u20133. After USSR took a lead in the third quarter, Team USA began to display their offense by shooting well. Team USA won the game by 11 points. Lovellette scored nine points, while Kurland scored eight points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 76], "content_span": [77, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070047-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election\nThe 1952 United States presidential election was the 42nd quadrennial presidential election. It was held on Tuesday, November 4, 1952. Republican Dwight D. Eisenhower won a landslide victory over Democrat Adlai Stevenson, ending a string of Democratic Party wins that stretched back to 1932.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070047-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election\nStevenson emerged victorious on the third presidential ballot of the 1952 Democratic National Convention, defeating Kefauver, Senator Richard Russell Jr. of Georgia, and other candidates. The Republican nomination was primarily contested by Eisenhower, a general who was widely popular for his leadership in World War II, and conservative Senator Robert A. Taft of Ohio. With the support of Thomas E. Dewey and other party leaders, Eisenhower narrowly prevailed over Taft at the 1952 Republican National Convention with Richard Nixon, a young senator from California, as his running mate. In the first televised presidential campaign Eisenhower, in sharp contrast to Stevenson, was charismatic and very well known.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 755]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070047-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election\nRepublicans attacked Truman's handling of the Korean War and the broader Cold War, and alleged that Soviet spies had infiltrated the U.S. government. Democrats faulted Eisenhower for failing to condemn Republican Senator Joe McCarthy and other reactionary Republicans who they alleged had engaged in reckless and unwarranted attacks, while Stevenson tried to separate himself from the unpopular Truman administration, instead campaigning on the popularity of the New Deal and stoking fears of another Great Depression under a Republican administration.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070047-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election\nEisenhower retained his enormous popularity from the war, as seen in his campaign slogan \"I Like Ike\". Eisenhower's popularity and Truman's unpopularity led to a Republican victory, and Eisenhower won 55.18% of the popular vote, carrying every state outside of the South, as well as Virginia, Tennessee, Florida, and Texas, states that had almost always voted for Democrats since the end of Reconstruction.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070047-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election, Nominees, Republican Party\nThe fight for the Republican nomination was between General Dwight D. Eisenhower, who became the candidate of the party's moderate eastern establishment; Senator Robert A. Taft from Ohio, the longtime leader of the Republican Party's conservative wing; Governor Earl Warren of California, who appealed to Western delegates and independent voters; and former Governor Harold Stassen of Minnesota, who still had a base of support in the Midwest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 68], "content_span": [69, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070047-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election, Nominees, Republican Party\nThe moderate Eastern Republicans were led by New York governor Thomas E. Dewey, the party's presidential nominee in 1944 and 1948. The moderates tended to be interventionists who felt that the country needed to fight the Cold War overseas and confront the Soviet Union in Eurasia. They were also willing to accept most aspects of the social welfare state created by the New Deal in the 1930s. The moderates were also concerned with ending the Republicans' losing streak in presidential elections; they felt that the popular Eisenhower had the best chance of beating the Democrats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 68], "content_span": [69, 649]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070047-0005-0001", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election, Nominees, Republican Party\nFor this reason, Dewey declined the notion of a third run for president despite his large amount of support within the party. The GOP had been out of power for 20 years, and the sentiment that a proper two-party system needed to be reestablished was strong. It was also felt that a Republican Party in control of the White House would have more incentive to rein in unpopular demagogues such as Wisconsin senator Joseph McCarthy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 68], "content_span": [69, 498]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070047-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election, Nominees, Republican Party\nThe conservative Republicans, led by Taft, were based in the Midwest and parts of the South. The Midwest was a bastion of conservatism and isolationist sentiment. Dislike of Europeans, in particular Great Britain, was common, and there was a widespread feeling that the British manipulated American foreign policy and were eager to kowtow to the Soviet Union, although attitudes were beginning to change among the younger generation who had fought in World War II. Taft had unsuccessfully sought the Republican nomination in the 1940 and 1948 presidential elections, losing both times to moderate candidates from New York (Wilkie and Dewey). At the age of 63, Taft felt that this was his last chance to run for president, so his friends and supporters worked diligently on his behalf.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 68], "content_span": [69, 853]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070047-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election, Nominees, Republican Party\nWarren, although highly popular in California, refused to campaign in the presidential primaries and thus limited his chances of winning the nomination. He did retain the support of the California delegation, and his supporters hoped that, in the event of an Eisenhower\u2013Taft deadlock, Warren might emerge as a compromise candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 68], "content_span": [69, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070047-0008-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election, Nominees, Republican Party\nAfter being persuaded to run, Eisenhower scored a major victory in the New Hampshire primary, when his supporters wrote his name onto the ballot, giving him an upset victory over Taft. However, from there until the Republican National Convention, the primaries were divided fairly evenly between the two, and by the time the convention opened, the race for the nomination was still too close to call. Taft won the Nebraska, Wisconsin, Illinois and South Dakota primaries, while Eisenhower won in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts and Oregon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 68], "content_span": [69, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070047-0008-0001", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election, Nominees, Republican Party\nStassen and Warren only won their home states of Minnesota and California respectively, which effectively ended their chances of earning the nomination. General Douglas MacArthur also won the support of ten delegates from various states (mostly Oregon), but had made it clear from early in the race that he had no interest in being nominated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 68], "content_span": [69, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070047-0009-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election, Nominees, Republican Party, Republican Convention\nWhen the 1952 Republican National Convention opened in Chicago, most political experts rated Taft and Eisenhower as neck-and-neck in the delegate vote totals. Eisenhower's managers, led by Dewey and Massachusetts senator Henry Cabot Lodge Jr., accused Taft of \"stealing\" delegate votes in Southern states such as Texas and Georgia. They claimed that Taft's leaders in these states had unfairly denied delegate spots to Eisenhower supporters and put Taft delegates in their place. Lodge and Dewey proposed to evict the pro-Taft delegates in these states and replace them with pro-Eisenhower delegates; they called this proposal \"Fair Play\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 91], "content_span": [92, 731]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070047-0009-0001", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election, Nominees, Republican Party, Republican Convention\nAlthough Taft and his supporters angrily denied this charge, the convention voted to support Fair Play 658 to 548, and Taft lost many Southern delegates. Eisenhower's chances were boosted when several uncommitted state delegations, such as Michigan and Pennsylvania, decided to support him, and also when Stassen released his delegates and asked them to support Eisenhower. The removal of many pro-Taft Southern delegates and the support of the uncommitted states decided the nomination in Eisenhower's favor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 91], "content_span": [92, 601]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070047-0010-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election, Nominees, Republican Party, Republican Convention\nHowever, the convention was among the most bitter and emotional in American history. When Senator Everett Dirksen from Illinois, a Taft supporter, pointed at Dewey on the convention floor during a speech and accused him of leading the Republicans \"down the road to defeat,\" mixed boos and cheers rang out from the delegates, and there were even fistfights between some Taft and Eisenhower delegates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 91], "content_span": [92, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070047-0011-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election, Nominees, Republican Party, Republican Convention\nIn the end, Eisenhower narrowly defeated Taft on the first ballot. To heal the wounds caused by the battle, he visited Taft's hotel suite and met with him. Taft issued a brief statement congratulating Eisenhower on his victory, but he was bitter about the accusation that he had stolen delegates and he withheld his active support for Eisenhower for several weeks after the convention. In September 1952, Taft and Eisenhower met again at Morningside Heights in New York City, where Taft promised to actively support Eisenhower in exchange for the fulfillment of a number of requests.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 91], "content_span": [92, 675]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070047-0011-0001", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election, Nominees, Republican Party, Republican Convention\nThese included a demand that Eisenhower would offer Taft's followers a fair share of patronage positions if he went on to win the election and that Eisenhower would agree to balance the federal budget and \"fight creeping domestic socialism in every field.\" Eisenhower agreed to the terms, and Taft campaigned assiduously for the Republican ticket. In fact, Eisenhower and Taft agreed on most domestic issues; their disagreements were primarily on foreign policy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 91], "content_span": [92, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070047-0012-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election, Nominees, Republican Party, Republican Convention\nThough there were initial suggestions that Warren could earn the party's vice-presidential slot for the second successive election if he withdrew and endorsed Eisenhower, he ultimately chose not to do so. Eisenhower wished to award the VP nod to Stassen, who had endorsed Eisenhower and held generally similar political positions. However, the party bosses wanted to find a running mate who could mollify Taft's supporters, as the schism between the moderate and conservative wings was so severe that it was feared that the conservatives may run Taft as a third-party candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 91], "content_span": [92, 670]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070047-0013-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election, Nominees, Republican Party, Republican Convention\nEisenhower had apparently given little thought to choosing his running mate. When asked, he replied that he assumed the convention would pick someone. The spot ultimately fell to the young California senator Richard Nixon, who was viewed as a centrist. Nixon was known as an aggressive campaigner and a fierce anti-communist, but as one who shied away from some of the more extreme ideas of the party's right wing, including isolationism and dismantling the New Deal. Most historians now believe that Eisenhower's nomination was the result his perceived electability against the Democrats; most of the delegates were conservatives who would probably have supported Taft if they felt that he could have won the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 91], "content_span": [92, 819]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070047-0014-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election, Nominees, Republican Party, Republican Convention\nDespite not earning the presidential or vice-presidential nomination, Warren would subsequently be appointed as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court in October 1953, while Stassen would hold various positions within Eisenhower's administration.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 91], "content_span": [92, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070047-0015-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election, Nominees, Democratic Party\nThe expected candidate for the Democratic nomination was incumbent President Harry S. Truman. Since the newly passed 22nd Amendment did not apply to whoever was president at the time of its passage, he was eligible to run again. But Truman entered 1952 with his popularity plummeting, according to polls. The bloody and indecisive Korean War was dragging into its third year, Senator Joseph McCarthy's anti-Communist crusade was stirring public fears of an encroaching \"Red Menace\", and the disclosure of widespread corruption among federal employees (including some high-level members of Truman's administration) left Truman at a low political ebb. Polls showed that he had a 66% disapproval rating, a record only matched decades later by Richard Nixon and surpassed by George W. Bush.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 68], "content_span": [69, 855]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070047-0016-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election, Nominees, Democratic Party\nTruman's main opponent was populist Tennessee Senator Estes Kefauver, who had chaired a nationally televised investigation of organized crime in 1951 and was known as a crusader against crime and corruption. The Gallup poll of February 15 showed Truman's weakness: nationally Truman was the choice of only 36% of Democrats, compared with 21% for Kefauver. Among independent voters, however, Truman had only 18% while Kefauver led with 36%. In the New Hampshire primary, Kefauver upset Truman, winning 19,800 votes to Truman's 15,927 and capturing all eight delegates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 68], "content_span": [69, 636]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070047-0016-0001", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election, Nominees, Democratic Party\nKefauver graciously said that he did not consider his victory \"a repudiation of Administration policies, but a desire...for new ideas and personalities.\" Stung by this setback, Truman announced March 29 that he would not seek re-election (however, Truman insisted in his memoirs that he had decided not to run for reelection well before his defeat by Kefauver).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 68], "content_span": [69, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070047-0017-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election, Nominees, Democratic Party\nWith Truman's withdrawal, Kefauver became the front-runner for the nomination, and he won most of the primaries. Other primary winners were Senator Hubert Humphrey, who won his home state of Minnesota, while Senator Richard Russell Jr. from Georgia won the Florida primary and U.S. diplomat W. Averell Harriman won West Virginia. However, most states still chose their delegates to the Democratic Convention via state conventions, which meant that the party bosses\u00a0\u2013 especially the mayors and governors of large Northern and Midwestern states and cities\u00a0\u2013 were able to choose the Democratic nominee. These bosses (including Truman) strongly disliked Kefauver; his investigations of organized crime had revealed connections between Mafia figures and many of the big-city Democratic political organizations. The party bosses thus viewed Kefauver as a maverick who could not be trusted, and they refused to support him for the nomination.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 68], "content_span": [69, 1004]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070047-0018-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election, Nominees, Democratic Party\nInstead, with Truman taking the initiative, they began to search for other, more acceptable, candidates. However, most of the other candidates had a major weakness. Richard Russell had much Southern support, but his support of racial segregation and opposition to civil rights for Southern blacks led many liberal Northern and Midwestern delegates to reject him. Truman favored W. Averell Harriman of New York, but he had never held an elective office and was inexperienced in politics. Truman next turned to his vice-president, Alben W. Barkley, but at 74 he was rejected as being too old by labor union leaders. Other minor or favorite son candidates included Oklahoma Senator Robert S. Kerr, Governor Paul A. Dever of Massachusetts, Senator Hubert Humphrey from Minnesota, and Senator J. William Fulbright from Arkansas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 68], "content_span": [69, 892]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070047-0019-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election, Nominees, Democratic Party\nOne candidate soon emerged who seemingly had few political weaknesses: Governor Adlai Stevenson of Illinois. The grandson of former vice-president Adlai E. Stevenson, he came from a distinguished family in Illinois and was well known as a gifted orator, intellectual, and political moderate. In the spring of 1952, Truman tried to convince Stevenson to take the presidential nomination, but Stevenson refused, stating that he wanted to run for re-election as Governor of Illinois. Yet Stevenson never completely took himself out of the race, and as the convention approached, many party bosses, as well as normally apolitical citizens, hoped that he could be \"drafted\" to run.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 68], "content_span": [69, 745]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070047-0020-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election, Nominees, Democratic Party, Democratic Convention\nThe 1952 Democratic National Convention was held in Chicago in the same coliseum the Republicans had gathered in several weeks earlier. Since the convention was being held in his home state, Governor Stevenson\u00a0\u2013 who still proclaimed that he was not a presidential candidate\u00a0\u2013 was asked to give the welcoming address to the delegates. He proceeded to give a witty and stirring address that led his supporters to begin a renewed round of efforts to nominate him, despite his protests.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 91], "content_span": [92, 574]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070047-0020-0001", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election, Nominees, Democratic Party, Democratic Convention\nAfter meeting with Jacob Arvey, the \"boss\" of the Illinois delegation, Stevenson finally agreed to enter his name as a candidate for the nomination. The party bosses from other large Northern and Midwestern states quickly joined in support. Kefauver led on the first ballot, but had far fewer votes than necessary to win. Stevenson gradually gained strength until he was nominated on the third ballot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 91], "content_span": [92, 493]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070047-0021-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election, Nominees, Democratic Party, Democratic Convention\nAfter the delegates nominated Stevenson, the convention then turned to selecting a vice-presidential nominee. After narrowing it down to Senators John Sparkman, and A. S. Mike Monroney, President Truman and a small group of political insiders chose Sparkman, a conservative and segregationist from Alabama, for the nomination. The convention largely complied and nominated Sparkman as Stevenson's running mate. He was chosen because of his Southern identity and conservative record; party leaders hoped this factor would create a balanced ticket.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 91], "content_span": [92, 638]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070047-0022-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election, Nominees, Democratic Party, Democratic Convention\nSparkman remained in the Senate until his retirement in 1978.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 91], "content_span": [92, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070047-0023-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign issues\nThe Eisenhower campaign was one of the first presidential campaigns to make a major, concerted effort to win the female vote. Many of his radio and television commercials discussed topics such as education, inflation, ending the war in Korea, and other issues that were thought to appeal to women. The Eisenhower campaign made extensive use of female campaign workers. These workers made phone calls to likely Eisenhower voters, distributed \"Ike\" buttons and leaflets, and threw parties to build support for the GOP ticket in their neighborhoods. On election day, Eisenhower won a solid majority of the female vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 75], "content_span": [76, 691]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070047-0024-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign issues\nEisenhower campaigned by attacking \"Korea, Communism, and Corruption\"\u2014that is, what the Republicans regarded as the failures of the outgoing Truman administration to deal with these issues. The Eisenhower campaign accused the administration of \"neglecting Latin America\" and thus \"leading them into the arms of wily Communist agents waiting to exploit local misery and capitalize on any opening to communize the Americas.\" Charges that Soviet spies had infiltrated the government plagued the Truman Administration and also became a \"major campaign issue\" for Eisenhower. The Republicans blamed the Democrats for the military's failure to be fully prepared to fight in Korea; they accused the Democrats of harboring communist spies within the federal government; and they blasted the Truman Administration for the numbers of officials who had been accused of various crimes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 75], "content_span": [76, 949]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070047-0025-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign issues\nStevenson hoped to exploit the rift between the conservative Taft Republicans and the moderate Eisenhower Republicans. In a speech in Baltimore, Stevenson said, \"The GOP elephant has two heads nowadays, and I can't tell from day to day who's driving the poor beast, Senator Taft or the General. I doubt that America will entrust its future, its hopes, to the master of a house divided against itself.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 75], "content_span": [76, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070047-0025-0001", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign issues\nStevenson, Truman, and other Democrats campaigning that fall also criticized Senator Joseph McCarthy and other right-wing Republicans for what they believed were reckless and unwarranted attacks and congressional investigations into leading government officials and public servants. In a Salt Lake City speech Stevenson stated that right-wing Republicans were \"quick with accusations, with defamatory hints and whispering campaigns when they see a chance to scare or silence those with whom they disagree. Rudely, carelessly, they invade the field of thought, of conscience, which belongs to God, and not to Senators...", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 75], "content_span": [76, 695]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070047-0025-0002", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign issues\nMcCarthy and men like him can say almost anything, and if my opponent's conscience permits, he can try to help all of them get reelected.\" Stevenson said that right-wing attacks on government officials such as General George Marshall, who had served Truman as Secretary of State and Secretary of Defense, reflected a \"middle of the gutter approach\" to politics. President Truman repeatedly criticized Senator McCarthy's character and temperament, and called on Eisenhower to repudiate him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 75], "content_span": [76, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070047-0025-0003", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign issues\nStevenson ridiculed right-wing Republicans \"who hunt Communists in the Bureau of Wildlife and Fisheries while hesitating to aid the gallant men and women who are resisting the real thing in the front lines of Europe and Asia... They are finally the men who seemingly believe that we can confound the Kremlin by frightening ourselves to death.\" In return, Senator McCarthy often jokingly confused the names Adlai and Alger, the first name of convicted Soviet spy Alger Hiss, by stating \"Alger, I mean Adlai...\" in his speeches. McCarthy, in response to Stevenson's criticisms, also stated during the campaign that he would like to get on the Stevenson campaign trail \"with a club and make a good and loyal American\" out of Stevenson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 75], "content_span": [76, 808]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070047-0026-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign issues\nNeither Stevenson nor Sparkman had been a part of the Truman administration and they largely ignored its record, preferring to hark back to the Roosevelt's New Deal achievements while warning of against a repetition of the Hoover depression. Historian Herbert Parmet says that although Stevenson:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 75], "content_span": [76, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070047-0027-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign\nMany Democrats were particularly upset when Eisenhower, on a scheduled campaign swing through Wisconsin, decided not to give a speech he had written criticizing McCarthy's methods, and then allowed himself to be photographed shaking hands with McCarthy as if he supported him. Truman, formerly friends with Eisenhower, never forgot what he saw as a betrayal; he had previously thought Eisenhower would make a good president, but said, \"he has betrayed almost everything I thought he stood for.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 68], "content_span": [69, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070047-0028-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign\nEisenhower retained his enormous personal popularity from his leading role in World War II, and huge crowds turned out to see him around the nation. His campaign slogan, \"I Like Ike,\" was one of the most popular in American history. Stevenson attracted the support of the young, emergent postwar intellectual class; however, Eisenhower was seen as more appealing to Main Street. Stevenson was ridiculed in some quarters as too effeminate to be president, the staunchly conservative New York Daily News called him \"Adelaide\" Stevenson, even though he had a reputation as a ladies' man (having been divorced in 1949 and remaining single throughout 1952).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 68], "content_span": [69, 721]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070047-0029-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election, General election, Nixon scandal and \"Checkers speech\"\nA notable event of the 1952 campaign concerned a scandal that emerged when Richard Nixon, Eisenhower's running mate, was accused by several newspapers of receiving $18,000 in undeclared \"gifts\" from wealthy donors. In reality, contributions were by design only from early supporters and limited to $1,000, with full accountability. Nixon, who had been accusing the Democrats of hiding crooks, suddenly found himself on the defensive. Eisenhower and his aides considered dropping Nixon from the ticket and picking another running mate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 95], "content_span": [96, 630]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070047-0030-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election, General election, Nixon scandal and \"Checkers speech\"\nEisenhower, who barely knew Nixon, waffled and refused to comment on the incident. Nixon saved his political career, however, with a dramatic half-hour speech, the \"Checkers speech,\" on live television. In this speech, Nixon denied the charges against him, gave a detailed account of his modest financial assets, and offered a glowing assessment of Eisenhower's candidacy. The highlight of the speech came when Nixon stated that a supporter had given his daughters a gift\u00a0\u2013 a dog named \"Checkers\"\u00a0\u2013 and that he would not return it, because his daughters loved it. The \"Checkers speech\" led hundreds of thousands of citizens nationwide to wire the Republican National Committee urging the Republican Party to keep Nixon on the ticket, and Eisenhower stayed with him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 95], "content_span": [96, 861]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070047-0031-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election, General election, Nixon scandal and \"Checkers speech\"\nDespite the red-baiting of the right wing of the GOP, the campaign on the whole was conducted with a considerable degree of dignity and Stevenson was seen as reinvigorating a Democratic Party that had become exhausted after 20 years in power and refreshing its appeal with younger voters. He accused Eisenhower of silently tolerating Joseph McCarthy's excesses. Stevenson went before the American Legion, a bastion of hardline conservatism, and boldly declared that there was nothing patriotic or American about what Joseph McCarthy was doing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 95], "content_span": [96, 639]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070047-0032-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election, General election, Nixon scandal and \"Checkers speech\"\nEven with the dignified nature of the campaign, the dislike between the two candidates was visible; Stevenson criticized Eisenhower's non-condemnation of McCarthy and use of television spots, and Eisenhower, while he had initially respected Stevenson, in time came to view him as simply another career politician, something he strongly disliked.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 95], "content_span": [96, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070047-0033-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election, General election, Television\nThe 1952 election campaign was the first one to make use of the new medium of television, in part thanks to the efforts of Rosser Reeves, the head of the Ted Bates Agency, a leading advertising firm. Reeves had initially proposed a series of radio spots to Thomas Dewey in the 1948 campaign, but Dewey considered them undignified, and Reeves maintained that Dewey might have won the election had he been slightly more open-minded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 70], "content_span": [71, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070047-0034-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election, General election, Television\nStudying Douglas MacArthur's keynote speech at the Republican convention in July, Reeves believed that the general's words were \"powerful\", but \"unfocused\" and \"all over the map\". Eisenhower's public speeches were even worse, he was unable to make his point to the voting public in a clear, intelligible manner. Reeves felt that Eisenhower needed to condense his message down to a few simple, easily digestible slogans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 70], "content_span": [71, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070047-0035-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election, General election, Television\nEisenhower at first also fared poorly on television and had a difficult time appearing relaxed and at ease on camera. The TV lighting was not flattering and it made him look old and unattractive, in particular his forehead tended to glisten under the lights. Eisenhower became upset when CBS correspondent Dave Schoenbrun pointed this out and suggested he try altering his poses to make his forehead less noticeable and also apply makeup so it would not shine from the lighting. Eventually, he gave in and agreed to these modifications. Reeves also wanted Eisenhower to not wear his eyeglasses on camera in order to look younger, but he could not read the prompter board without them, so Reeves devised a large, handwritten signboard.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 70], "content_span": [71, 805]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070047-0036-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election, General election, Television\nReeves's TV work, although pioneering, was the subject of considerable criticism on the grounds that he was attempting to sell a presidential candidate to the public in the same manner that one might sell a car or a brand of toothpaste. (Liberal journalist Marya Mannes mocked the approach with this ditty: \"Eisenhower hits the spot/One full general, that's a lot/Feeling sluggish, feeling sick?/Take a dose of Ike and Dick!/Philip Morris, Lucky Strike/Alka Seltzer, I like Ike!\")", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 70], "content_span": [71, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070047-0036-0001", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election, General election, Television\nFor his part, Stevenson would have nothing to do with TV at all and condemned Eisenhower's use of the medium, calling it \"selling the presidency like cereal\". He himself made a point of the fact that he did not watch or even own a television, nor did many members of his inner circle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 70], "content_span": [71, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070047-0037-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election, General election, Television\nBoth campaigns made use of television ads. A notable ad for Eisenhower was an issue-free, feel-good animated cartoon with a soundtrack song by Irving Berlin called \"I Like Ike.\" For the first time, a presidential candidate's personal medical history was released publicly, as were partial versions of his financial histories, because of the issues raised in Nixon's speech. Near the end of the campaign, Eisenhower, in a major speech, announced that if he won the election he would go to Korea to see if he could end the war. His great military prestige, combined with the public's weariness with the conflict, gave Eisenhower the final boost he needed to win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 70], "content_span": [71, 731]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070047-0038-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election, General election, Television\nThroughout the entire campaign, Eisenhower led in all opinion polls, and by wide margins in most of them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 70], "content_span": [71, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070047-0039-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election, General election, Citizens for Eisenhower\nTo circumvent the local Republican Party apparatus mostly controlled by Taft supporters, the Eisenhower forces created a nationwide network of grass-roots clubs, \"Citizens for Eisenhower.\" Independents and Democrats were welcome, as the group specialized in canvassing neighborhoods and holding small group meetings. Citizens for Eisenhower hoped to revitalize the GOP by expanding its activist ranks and by supporting moderate and internationalist policies. It did not endorse candidates other than Eisenhower. However Eisenhower paid it little attention after he won, and it failed to maintain its impressive starting momentum. Instead it energized the conservative Republicans, leading finally to the Barry Goldwater campaign of 1964. Long-time Republican activists viewed the newcomers with suspicion and hostility. More significantly, activism in support of Eisenhower did not translate into enthusiasm for the party cause.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 83], "content_span": [84, 1012]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070047-0040-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election, General election, Results\nOn election day, Eisenhower won a decisive victory, winning over 55% of the popular vote and carrying thirty-nine of the forty-eight states. Stevenson did not win a single state north of the Mason\u2013Dixon line or west of Arkansas, whilst Eisenhower took three Southern states that the Republicans had won only once since Reconstruction: Virginia, Florida, and Texas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070047-0040-0001", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election, General election, Results\nDespite the Republican win in Florida, this remains the last time to date a Democrat has won Collier County before southwestern Florida was turned into a growing Sun Belt Republican stronghold, and is also the last time a Democrat has won Aiken County, South Carolina, before the \"Solid South\" would collapse in the wake of the Civil Rights Movement. 1952 is also, however, the last time a Republican won Yolo County, California, or Native American Rolette County, North Dakota, and the last until Donald Trump in 2016 that the Republicans won Pacific County, Washington, or Swift County, Minnesota. This was the last time the Republicans won Missouri until 1968. It is also the last time that a Republican won the election without Kentucky. Stevenson's 700-vote win was the smallest percentage margin in any state since Woodrow Wilson won New Hampshire by fifty-six votes in 1916.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 949]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070047-0041-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election, General election, Results\nThis election was the first in which a computer (the UNIVAC I) was used to predict the results; it came within 3.5% of Eisenhower's popular vote tally, and four votes of his electoral vote total.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070047-0042-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election, General election, Results\nResults by county, shaded according to winning candidate's percentage of the vote", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070047-0043-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election, General election, Close states\nElection results in these states were within one percentage point (21 electoral votes):", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 72], "content_span": [73, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070047-0044-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election, General election, Close states\nElection results in these states were within five percentage points (36 electoral votes):", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 72], "content_span": [73, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070047-0045-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election, General election, Close states\nElection results in these states were between five and ten percentage points (140 electoral votes):", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 72], "content_span": [73, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070048-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Alabama\nThe 1952 United States presidential election in Alabama took place on November 4, 1952, as part of the 1952 United States presidential election. Alabama voters chose eleven representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070048-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Alabama\nAlabama was won by Adlai Stevenson (D\u2013Illinois), running with Senator John Sparkman, with 64.55% of the popular vote, against Columbia University President Dwight D. Eisenhower (R\u2013New York), running with Senator Richard Nixon, with 35.02% of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070048-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Alabama\n1952 marked the last time Montgomery and Jefferson counties would vote Democratic in a presidential election until 1996 and 2008 respectively, as both would become epicenters of the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070049-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Arizona\nThe 1952 United States presidential election in Arizona took place on November 4, 1952, as part of the 1952 United States presidential election. State voters chose four representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070049-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Arizona\nArizona was won by Columbia University President Dwight D. Eisenhower (R\u2013New York), running with California Senator Richard Nixon, with 58.35% of the popular vote, against Adlai Stevenson (D\u2013Illinois), running with Alabama Senator John Sparkman, with 41.65% of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070049-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Arizona\nWith his win in the state, Eisenhower became the first Republican presidential candidate since Herbert Hoover in 1928 to win the state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070049-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Arizona\nThis election would signal the beginning of a long Republican dominance in elections in Arizona, where Republicans won every single presidential election in the state save 1996, where there was a significant third party vote, and Republicans would hold at least one Senate seat, that would end in 2020, when Joe Biden won the state, and Arizona elected a second Democratic senator for the first time since this election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070050-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Arkansas\nThe 1952 United States presidential election in Arkansas took place on November 4, 1952, as part of the 1952 United States presidential election. State voters chose eight representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070050-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Arkansas\nArkansas was won by Adlai Stevenson (D\u2013Illinois), running with Senator John Sparkman, with 55.90% of the popular vote, against Columbia University President Dwight D. Eisenhower (R\u2013New York), running with Senator Richard Nixon, with 43.76% of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070051-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in California\nThe 1952 United States presidential election in California took place on November 4, 1952 as part of the 1952 United States presidential election. State voters chose 32 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070051-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in California\nCalifornia voted for the Republican nominee, former Allied Supreme Commander Dwight D. Eisenhower, in a landslide over the Democratic nominee, Illinois Governor Adlai Stevenson. As of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last time that Yolo County has voted Republican in a presidential election, the longest Republican drought for any county in the state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070051-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in California\nThis was the first presidential election in which any nominee received over a million votes in Los Angeles County.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070052-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Colorado\nThe 1952 United States presidential election in Colorado took place on November 4, 1952, as part of the 1952 United States presidential election. State voters chose six representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070052-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Colorado\nColorado was won by Columbia University President Dwight D. Eisenhower (R\u2013New York), running with Senator Richard Nixon, with 60.27% of the popular vote, against Adlai Stevenson (D\u2013Illinois), running with Senator John Sparkman, with 38.96% of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070053-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Connecticut\nThe 1952 United States presidential election in Connecticut  took place on November 4, 1952, as part of the 1952 United States presidential election which was held throughout all contemporary 48 states. Voters chose eight representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070053-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Connecticut\nConnecticut voted for the Republican nominee, General Dwight D. Eisenhower of New York, over the Democratic nominee, former Governor Adlai Stevenson of Illinois. Eisenhower ran with Senator Richard Nixon of California, while Stevenson's running mate was Senator John Sparkman of Alabama.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070054-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Delaware\nThe 1952 United States presidential election in Delaware took place on November 4, 1952, as part of the 1952 United States presidential election. State voters chose three  representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070054-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Delaware\nDelaware was won by Columbia University President Dwight D. Eisenhower (R\u2013New York), running with Senator Richard Nixon, with 51.75% of the popular vote, against Adlai Stevenson (D\u2013Illinois), running with Senator John Sparkman, with 47.88% of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070055-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Florida\nThe 1952 United States presidential election in Florida took place on November 4, 1952, as part of the 1952 United States presidential election. Florida voters chose ten representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070055-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Florida\nFlorida was won by Columbia University President Dwight D. Eisenhower (R\u2013Kansas), running with Senator Richard Nixon, with 54.99% of the popular vote, against Adlai Stevenson (D\u2013Illinois), running with Senator John Sparkman, with 44.97% of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070055-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Florida\nIn contrast to Herbert Hoover's anti-Catholicism-driven victory in the state in 1928, Eisenhower's victory was entirely concentrated in the newer and more liberal South Florida counties, which had seen extensive Northern settlement since the war, did not have a history of slave-based plantation farming, and saw Eisenhower as more favourable to business than the Democratic Party. Eisenhower swept the urban areas of Miami, Orlando, Fort Lauderdale, Sarasota and Tampa, but failed to gain much support in the northwestern pineywoods that had been the core of the 1928 \"Hoovercrat\" bolt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 639]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070055-0002-0001", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Florida\nIn this region \u2013 inhabited by socially exceptionally conservative poor whites who had been voting in increasing numbers since Florida abolished its poll tax \u2013 Democratic loyalties dating from the Civil War remained extremely strong and economic populism hostile in general toward urban areas kept voters loyal to Stevenson. Whereas the urban voters who turned to Eisenhower felt wholly disfranchised both locally and nationally by the one-party system and malapportionment, rural poor voters supported the New Deal/Fair Deal status quo.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 588]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070055-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Florida\nIn contrast to the wholly Deep South states of Mississippi, Louisiana and South Carolina, where former Thurmond voters turned to Eisenhower, Florida \u2013 although akin to those states in entirely lacking traditional Appalachian, Ozark or German \"Forty-Eighter\" Republicanism \u2013 did not see its 1948 Dixiecrat voters or black belt whites turn over to Eisenhower on a large scale, and they were less loyal than in North Carolina, Texas and Virginia, where traditional Republicanism did exist.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070055-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Florida\nAs of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last election in which Collier County voted for a Democratic presidential candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070056-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Georgia\nThe 1952 United States presidential election in Georgia took place on November 4, 1952, as part of the 1952 United States presidential election. Georgia voters chose 12 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070056-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Georgia\nGeorgia was won by Adlai Stevenson (D\u2013Illinois), running with Alabama Senator John Sparkman, with 69.66% of the popular vote, against Columbia University President Dwight D. Eisenhower (R\u2013New York), running with Senator Richard Nixon, with 30.34% of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070057-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Idaho\nThe 1952 United States presidential election in Idaho took place on November 4, 1952, as part of the 1952 United States presidential election. State voters chose four representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070057-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Idaho\nIdaho was won by Columbia University President Dwight D. Eisenhower (R\u2013New York), running with Senator Richard Nixon, with 65.42 percent of the popular vote, against Adlai Stevenson (D\u2013Illinois), running with Senator John Sparkman, with 34.42 percent of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070058-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Illinois\nThe 1952 United States presidential election in Illinois took place on November 4, 1952, as part of the 1952 United States presidential election. State voters chose 27 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070058-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Illinois\nIllinois was won by Columbia University President Dwight D. Eisenhower (R\u2013Kansas), running with Senator Richard Nixon, with 54.84% of the popular vote, against Adlai Stevenson (D\u2013Illinois), running with Senator John Sparkman, with 44.94% of the popular vote. Despite Stevenson\u2019s popularity as Governor of his home state, he would lose Illinois twice by double digits and even lose his home county (Cook) \u2013 which no Democrat since except George McGovern in 1972 has lost.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070058-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Illinois\nEisenhower was the first Republican presidential candidate ever to carry Dixie-leaning Union County, which alongside his triumphs in Indiana\u2019s Brown County and Dubois County meant that every antebellum free state county had as of 1952 voted for a Republican presidential candidate at least once.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070058-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Illinois, Election information\nThe primaries and general elections coincided with those for congress and those for state offices.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 74], "content_span": [75, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070058-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Illinois, Election information, Turnout\nThe total vote in the state-run primary elections (Democratic and Republican) was 1,872,435.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 83], "content_span": [84, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070058-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Illinois, Election information, Turnout\nTurnout during the general election was 84.49%, with 4,481,058 votes cast.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 83], "content_span": [84, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070058-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Illinois, Primaries\nBoth major parties held non-binding state-run preferential primaries on April 8.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 63], "content_span": [64, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070058-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Illinois, Primaries, Democratic\nThe 1952 Illinois Democratic presidential primary was held on April 8, 1952 in the U.S. state of Illinois as one of the Democratic Party's state primaries ahead of the 1952 presidential election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 75], "content_span": [76, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070058-0008-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Illinois, Primaries, Democratic\nThe popular vote was a non-binding \"beauty contest\". Delegates were instead elected by direct votes by congressional district on delegate candidates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 75], "content_span": [76, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070058-0009-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Illinois, Primaries, Democratic\nEstes Kefauver, the only declared candidate included in the Illinois primary, won in a landslide.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 75], "content_span": [76, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070058-0010-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Illinois, Primaries, Democratic\nIncumbent president Harry S. Truman had already declared he would not be seeking reelection.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 75], "content_span": [76, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070058-0011-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Illinois, Primaries, Democratic\nAdlai Stevenson II, the Governor of Illinois, was not a declared candidate at the time of the primary, and was, in fact, on the same day, running for renomination as Governor of Illinois. He would only become a candidate after being drafted at the Democratic National Convention. Nonetheless, he placed second in the Illinois primary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 75], "content_span": [76, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070058-0012-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Illinois, Primaries, Republican\nThe 1952 Illinois Republican presidential primary was held on April 8, 1952 in the U.S. state of Illinois as one of the Republican Party's state primaries ahead of the 1952 presidential election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 75], "content_span": [76, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070058-0013-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Illinois, Primaries, Republican\nThe preference vote was a \"beauty contest\". Delegates were instead selected by direct-vote in each congressional districts on delegate candidates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 75], "content_span": [76, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070059-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Indiana\nThe 1952 United States presidential election in Indiana took place on November 4, 1952, as part of the 1952 United States presidential election. State voters chose 13 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070059-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Indiana\nIndiana was won by Columbia University President Dwight D. Eisenhower (R\u2013New York), running with Senator Richard Nixon, with 58.11% of the popular vote, against Adlai Stevenson (D\u2013Illinois), running with Senator John Sparkman, with 40.99% of the popular vote. Eisenhower was the first Republican presidential candidate ever to carry German Catholic Brown County and Dubois County, which alongside his triumph in Illinois\u2019 Union County meant that every antebellum free state county had as of 1952 voted for a Republican presidential candidate at least once. This is also the last election until 2020 that Vigo County voted for the losing candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 699]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070060-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Iowa\nThe 1952 United States presidential election in Iowa took place on November 4, 1952, as part of the 1952 United States presidential election. Iowa voters chose ten representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070060-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Iowa\nIowa was won by Columbia University President Dwight D. Eisenhower (R\u2013New York), running with Senator Richard Nixon, with 63.75% of the popular vote, against Adlai Stevenson (D\u2013Illinois), running with Senator John Sparkman, with 35.59% of the popular vote. As of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last of only two presidential elections \u2013 alongside Warren G. Harding\u2019s triumph in 1920 \u2013 in which a candidate won every county in Iowa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070061-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Kansas\nThe 1952 United States presidential election in Kansas took place on November 4, 1952, as part of the 1952 United States presidential election. Voters chose eight representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070061-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Kansas\nKansas was won by Columbia University President Dwight D. Eisenhower (R\u2013New York), running with Senator Richard Nixon, with 68.77% of the popular vote, against Adlai Stevenson (D\u2013Illinois), running with Senator John Sparkman, with 30.50% of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070061-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Kansas\nKansas is reliably Republican, with the party's nominee losing the state only three times since 1920. That fact, combined with Eisenhower's boyhood home of Abilene, the seat of Dickinson County, made the results from the Sunflower State among the least surprising of the 1952 election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070061-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Kansas\nWith 68.77% of the popular vote, Kansas would prove to be Eisenhower's fifth strongest state after Vermont, North Dakota, South Dakota and Nebraska.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070062-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Kentucky\nThe 1952 United States presidential election in Kentucky took place on November 4, 1952, as part of the 1952 United States presidential election. Kentucky voters chose 10 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070062-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Kentucky\nKentucky was won by Adlai Stevenson (D\u2013Illinois), running with Senator John Sparkman, with 49.91 percent of the popular vote, against Columbia University President Dwight D. Eisenhower (R\u2013New York), running with Senator Richard Nixon, with 49.84 percent of the popular vote. The race in Kentucky was the closest in the nation, with the candidates separated by a mere 700 votes, or 0.07 percent of the vote, and in fact was the closest presidential election in any state since New Hampshire was won by Woodrow Wilson by fifty-six votes in 1916.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070062-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Kentucky\nAs of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last election in which Kentucky did not vote the same as neighboring Tennessee. This was also the last time the Republicans won the presidency without carrying Kentucky.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070063-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Louisiana\nThe 1952 United States presidential election in Louisiana took place on November 4, 1952, as part of the 1952 United States presidential election. State voters chose 10 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070063-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Louisiana\nLouisiana was won by Adlai Stevenson (D\u2013Illinois), running with Senator John Sparkman, with 52.92% of the popular vote, against Columbia University President Dwight D. Eisenhower (R\u2013New York), running with Senator Richard Nixon, with 47.08% of the popular vote. As of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last election in which Ouachita Parish, Union Parish, and LaSalle Parish voted for a Democratic presidential candidate. This is the most recent election in which the official Democratic candidate would carry the state without winning the Presidency (although it would be 1968 when the Republican candidate would last win the Presidency without carrying Louisiana).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 730]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070064-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Maine\nThe 1952 United States presidential election in Maine took place on November 4, 1952, as part of the 1952 United States presidential election which was held throughout all contemporary 48 states. Voters chose five representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070064-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Maine\nMaine overwhelmingly voted for the Republican nominee, General Dwight D. Eisenhower of New York, over the Democratic nominee, former Governor Adlai Stevenson of Illinois. Eisenhower ran with Senator Richard Nixon of California, while Stevenson's running mate was Senator John Sparkman of Alabama.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070065-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Maryland\nThe 1952 United States presidential election in Maryland took place on November 4, 1952, as part of the 1952 United States presidential election. State voters chose nine representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070065-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Maryland\nMaryland was won by Columbia University President Dwight D. Eisenhower (R\u2013New York), running with Senator Richard Nixon, with 55.36% of the popular vote, against Adlai Stevenson (D\u2013Illinois), running with Senator John Sparkman, with 43.83% of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070066-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Massachusetts\nThe 1952 United States presidential election in Massachusetts took place on November 4, 1952, as part of the 1952 United States presidential election, which was held throughout all contemporary 48 states. Voters chose 16  representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070066-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Massachusetts\nMassachusetts voted for the Republican nominee, General Dwight D. Eisenhower of New York, over the Democratic nominee, former Governor Adlai Stevenson of Illinois. Eisenhower ran with the Senator Richard Nixon of California, while Stevenson's running mate was Senator John Sparkman of Alabama.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070066-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Massachusetts\nEisenhower carried the state with 54.22% of the vote to Stevenson\u2019s 45.46%, a Republican victory margin of 8.76%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070066-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Massachusetts\nAs Eisenhower won a comfortable victory nationwide, Massachusetts still weighed in for this election as about 2% more Democratic than the national average.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070066-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Massachusetts\nOnce a typical Yankee Republican bastion in the wake of the Civil War, Massachusetts, had been a Democratic-leaning state since 1928, when a coalition of Irish Catholic and other ethnic immigrant voters primarily based in urban areas turned Massachusetts and neighboring Rhode Island into New England's only reliably Democratic states. Massachusetts voted for Al Smith in 1928, for Franklin D. Roosevelt four times in the 1930s and 1940s, and for Harry S. Truman in 1948. However General Dwight Eisenhower, a war hero and moderate Republican who pledged to support and continue popular New Deal Democratic policies, was finally able to appeal to a broad enough coalition both to win back the White House and to flip Massachusetts back into the Republican column.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 820]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070066-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Massachusetts\nEisenhower carried 13 of the state\u2019s 14 counties, Stevenson\u2019s only victory coming from urban Suffolk County, home to the state\u2019s capital and largest city, Boston.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070067-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Michigan\nThe 1952 United States presidential election in Michigan took place on November 4, 1952, as part of the 1952 United States presidential election. Voters chose 20 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070067-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Michigan\nMichigan was won by Columbia University President Dwight D. Eisenhower (Republican\u2013New York), running with Senator Richard Nixon, with 55.44% of the popular vote, against Illinois Governor Adlai Stevenson (Democratic), running with Alabama Senator John Sparkman, with 43.97% of the popular vote, making Michigan slightly more Republican than the nation-at-large.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070068-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Minnesota\nThe 1952 United States presidential election in Minnesota took place on November 4, 1952 as part of the 1952 United States presidential election. Voters chose 11 electors, or representatives to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070068-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Minnesota\nMinnesota was won by the Republican candidate, former Supreme Allied Commander Europe General of the Army Dwight D. Eisenhower won the state over Illinois governor Adlai Stevenson by a margin of 154,753 votes, or 11.22%. Eisenhower went on to win the election nationally, with 442 electoral votes and a commanding 10.9% lead over Stevenson in the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070068-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Minnesota\nIncumbent President Harry S. Truman was the last President who was unaffected by the term limit imposed under the 22nd Amendment, but decided as early as 1950 that he would not seek another term. Eisenhower was the first Republican presidential nominee to win Minnesota (which had otherwise normally been a Democratic stronghold) since the Stock Market Crash of 1929 and the first Republican elected to the presidency and to win Minnesota since Herbert Hoover did so in 1928. Until the 2016 presidential election, this was the last time that the state was more Republican than the national average. This was also the last time Swift County voted Republican until 2016. To this date, this is the last election in which a Republican presidential candidate won Minnesota by double digits, as well as the last time a non-incumbent Republican won Minnesota.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 906]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070068-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Minnesota\nOn March 18, 1952, Minnesota held a presidential primary for the first time since 1916.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070069-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Mississippi\nThe 1952 United States presidential election in Mississippi took place on November 4, 1952, as part of the United States presidential election of 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070069-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Mississippi\nThe Democratic Party candidate, Governor Adlai Stevenson of Illinois, won the state of Mississippi over Dwight D. Eisenhower, the former Supreme Allied Commander Europe and General of the Army by a margin of 59,600 votes, or 20.88%. Eisenhower went on to win the election nationally, with 442 electoral votes and a commanding 10.9% lead over Stevenson in the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070069-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Mississippi\nIncumbent President Harry S. Truman was the last President who was unaffected by the term limit imposed under the 22nd Amendment, but decided as early as 1950 that he would not seek another term. Illinois governor Adlai Stevenson II, grandson of former Vice President Adlai Stevenson I, accepted the Democratic nomination for president in Truman\u2019s place, selecting Alabama Senator John Sparkman, a Southern Democrat, as his running mate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 493]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070069-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Mississippi, Analysis\nMississippi in this time period was a one-party state dominated by the Democratic Party. The Republican Party was virtually nonexistent as a result of disenfranchisement among poor whites and African Americans, including voter intimidation against those who refused to vote Democrat. The 1948 election split the National Democratic Party and segregationist Democrats over the issue of civil rights for African Americans. In the 1952 election, Stevenson, a moderate on race issues, selected the segregationist Senator Sparkman as his running mate to avoid another split in the Democratic vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 65], "content_span": [66, 658]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070069-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Mississippi, Analysis, Vote\nThe Stevenson-Sparkman ticket carried Mississippi and its eight electoral votes in a landslide against the Eisenhower-Nixon ticket with 60.44% of the popular vote, amounting to a total of 172,566 votes. These results, however, were the weakest for a state Democrat since the 1872 election when the state remained occupied by Union troops and Republican Ulysses S. Grant carried the state. It represented a large swing for the Republicans from 1948, when Thomas E. Dewey won only 2.62% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 71], "content_span": [72, 569]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070069-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Mississippi, Analysis, Vote\nStevenson carried 67 of Mississippi\u2019s 82 counties, running up huge margins in the northeastern corner and rural areas of the state. Eisenhower, whose Mississippi electors were \u201cIndependent\u201d, carried fifteen counties, the first time a national Republican had carried any since Herbert Hoover in 1928 carried Pearl River County, George County and Stone County, and only the second since Benjamin Harrison in 1888. His main base of support came from the western counties along the Mississippi River, which had a high concentration of nonvoting African Americans, including Hinds County, home to the state capital Jackson. Three counties \u2013 Sharkey, Forrest, and Lowndes \u2013 gave Eisenhower over sixty percent of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 71], "content_span": [72, 787]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070069-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Mississippi, Analysis, Vote\nIn contrast, the northeastern hills, which had given President Truman his highest proportion in 1948, along with the southeastern pineywoods both voted solidly for Stevenson, although not by the margins pre-1948 Democrats ran up throughout Mississippi. Whereas Delta whites had permanently estranged themselves from the Democratic Party over issues of economics and race, Hills and Pine Belt counties, much more economically populist although even more socially conservative, had not shared much in the Dixiecrat upheaval despite all giving majorities to \u201cDemocrat\u201d Strom Thurmond in 1948. The divide between traditional Democrat Stevenson and the independent electors pledged to Eisenhower was closely related to the cleavage between \u201cDelta\u201d and \u201cHills\u201d seen in Democratic white primaries during the first half of the twentieth century.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 71], "content_span": [72, 909]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070069-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Mississippi, Analysis, Vote\n1952 began to show signs of the impending collapse of Democratic dominance in Mississippi and the rest of the South. The percentage of victory for the Democratic candidate would decline in the next two subsequent elections, ultimately paving the way for Barry Goldwater\u2019s victory in Mississippi and the Deep South in 1964.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 71], "content_span": [72, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070070-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Missouri\nThe 1952 United States presidential election in Missouri took place on November 4, 1952, as part of the 1952 United States presidential election. Voters chose 13 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070070-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Missouri\nMissouri was won by Columbia University President Dwight D. Eisenhower (R\u2013New York), running with Senator Richard Nixon, with 50.71% of the popular vote, against Adlai Stevenson (D\u2013Illinois), running with Senator John Sparkman, with 49.14% of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070070-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Missouri\nMissouri was the only state that Eisenhower won in 1952 that would flip to Stevenson four years later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070071-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Montana\nThe 1952 United States presidential election in Montana took place on November 4, 1952 as part of the 1952 United States presidential election. Voters chose four representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070071-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Montana\nMontana voted overwhelmingly for the Republican nominee, war hero General Dwight D. Eisenhower, over the Democratic nominee, Illinois Governor Adlai Stevenson. Eisenhower won Montana by a landslide margin of 19.32%, carrying all counties except four in the mining areas and on the northern border.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070072-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Nebraska\nThe 1952 United States presidential election in Nebraska took place on November 4, 1952, as part of the 1952 United States presidential election. Voters chose six representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070072-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Nebraska\nNebraska was won by Columbia University President Dwight D. Eisenhower (R\u2013New York), running with Senator Richard Nixon, with 69.15% of the popular vote, against Adlai Stevenson (D\u2013Illinois), running with Senator John Sparkman, with 30.85% of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070072-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Nebraska\nWith 69.15% of the popular vote, Nebraska would be Eisenhower's fourth strongest state after Vermont, North Dakota and South Dakota", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070073-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Nevada\nThe 1952 United States presidential election in Nevada took place on November 4, 1952, as part of the 1952 United States presidential election. State voters chose three representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070073-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Nevada\nNevada was won by Columbia University President Dwight D. Eisenhower (R\u2013New York), running with Senator Richard Nixon, with 61.45% of the popular vote, against Adlai Stevenson (D\u2013Illinois), running with Senator John Sparkman, with 38.55% of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070074-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in New Hampshire\nThe 1952 United States presidential election in New Hampshire took place on November 4, 1952, as part of the 1952 United States presidential election, which was held throughout all contemporary 48 states. Voters chose four representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070074-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in New Hampshire\nNew Hampshire was won by the Republican nominees, General Dwight D. Eisenhower of New York and his running mate Senator Richard Nixon of California. Eisenhower and Nixon defeated the Democratic nominees, former Governor Adlai Stevenson of Illinois and his running mate Senator John Sparkman of Alabama.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070074-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in New Hampshire\nEisenhower took 60.92% of the vote to Stevenson's 39.08%, a margin of 21.84%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070074-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in New Hampshire\nEisenhower, a war hero and moderate Republican who had pledged to maintain popular New Deal Democratic policies, had wide appeal beyond the boundaries of the traditional Republican coalition. New Hampshire had been narrowly carried by Democrat Franklin Roosevelt three out of four times, although the state narrowly reverted to the GOP in 1948. However Eisenhower's unique personal appeal brought the state decisively back into the Republican column in 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 516]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070074-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in New Hampshire\nSince Franklin Roosevelt won them in 1932, the counties of Hillsborough County, Strafford County, and Coos County had become reliable New Deal Democratic base counties, voting for Roosevelt all four times as well as for Harry S. Truman. However Eisenhower in 1952 won back Strafford County and Coos County for the GOP, although Stevenson won a majority in Hillsborough County, home to Manchester and Nashua, which had been a reliable Democratic bastion since voting for Democrat Al Smith in 1928.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070074-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in New Hampshire\nCarroll County had long been the most Republican county in New Hampshire, voting 60% against FDR all four times and over 70% for Thomas E. Dewey in 1948. Eisenhower would receive over 80% of vote in the county in 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070074-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in New Hampshire\nAs Eisenhower won a decisive election victory nationally, New Hampshire's results would make the state almost 11% more Republican than the national average.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070075-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in New Jersey\nThe 1952 United States presidential election in New Jersey took place on November 4, 1952. All contemporary 48 states were part of the 1952 United States presidential election. Voters chose 16 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070075-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in New Jersey\nNew Jersey was won by the Republican nominees, General Dwight D. Eisenhower of New York and his running mate Senator Richard Nixon of California. Eisenhower and Nixon defeated the Democratic nominees, former Governor Adlai Stevenson of Illinois and his running mate Senator John Sparkman of Alabama.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070075-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in New Jersey\nEisenhower carried New Jersey with 56.81% of the vote to Stevenson's 41.99%, a margin of 14.83%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070075-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in New Jersey\nEisenhower won 18 of the state's 21 counties, breaking 60% of the vote in 9 of them, and even breaking 70% in 3 of those. Stevenson for his part carried 3 urban counties; he won with majorities in Mercer County and Camden County, and won with a plurality in Hudson County.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070075-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in New Jersey\nEisenhower ultimately won election to the White House in 1952 as a war hero, a political outsider, and a moderate Republican who pledged to protect and support popular New Deal Democratic policies, finally ending 20 years of Democratic control of the White House.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070075-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in New Jersey\nNew Jersey in this era was usually a swing state with a slight Republican lean, and its results in 1952 adhered to that pattern. Democrat Franklin Roosevelt had won New Jersey in all 4 of his decisive nationwide victories in the 1930s and 1940s, but with the exception of his 1936 landslide, always by very narrow margins. In 1948, New Jersey had been narrowly won by Republican Thomas E. Dewey, even as he lost the election nationally. With Eisenhower's personal popularity propelling him to a decisive nationwide victory in 1952, New Jersey easily remained in the Republican column, its results making it about 4% more Republican than the national average.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 713]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070076-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in New Mexico\nThe 1952 United States presidential election in New Mexico took place on November 4, 1952. All 48 States were part of the 1952 United States presidential election. State voters chose four electors to represent them in the Electoral College, which voted for President and Vice President.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070076-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in New Mexico\nNew Mexico was won by World War II hero and supreme allied commander Dwight D. Eisenhower by a wide 11 percentage point margin. Running against Eisenhower was Governor of Illinois Adlai Stevenson, who carried only the majority of the American South during his two runs for the presidency. This was the tenth consecutive U.S. Presidential Election which New Mexico participated in.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070077-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in New York\nThe 1952 United States presidential election in New York took place on November 4, 1952. All contemporary 48 states were part of the 1952 United States presidential election. Voters chose 45 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070077-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in New York\nNew York was won by former Supreme Allied Commander and World War II hero, Republican Dwight D. Eisenhower, who was running against Democratic Governor of Illinois Adlai Stevenson. Eisenhower ran with California Senator Richard Nixon as Vice President, and Stevenson ran with Alabama Senator John Sparkman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070077-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in New York\nEisenhower carried New York with 55.45% of the vote to Stevenson's 43.55%, a victory margin of 11.90%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070077-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in New York\nNew York weighed in for this election as 1% more Republican than the national average.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070077-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in New York\nThe presidential election of 1952 was a very partisan election for New York, with 99% of the electorate casting votes for either the Republican Party or the Democratic Party. Eisenhower proved to be very popular in many of the Northern and Mid-West States, and took nearly every county in the State of New York, with the exception of a handful of counties conglomerate with New York City. The only counties in the state to vote for Stevenson were the New York City boroughs of Manhattan, Brooklyn, and the Bronx, allowing Stevenson to win New York City overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 614]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070077-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in New York\nEisenhower ultimately won election to the White House in 1952 as a war hero, a political outsider, and a moderate Republican who pledged to protect and support popular New Deal Democratic policies, ending twenty years of Democratic control of the White House.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070077-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in New York\nEisenhower won the election in New York (his home state in the election) by a decisive 12 point margin. National turnout for the presidential election of 1952 is evident of the contemporary, lingering Democratic stronghold in the Deep South, which was the only region to vote primarily for Stevenson. Eisenhower was the first presidential candidate in United States history (and largely, globally as well) who targeted a large portion of his campaign to women voters. Dwindling popularity for the administration of Truman during the months following the conflict in Korea, and coupled with the relatively progressive agenda and campaign strategy laid down by the Republican Party, contributed to Eisenhower's powerful rise across the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 795]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070078-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in North Carolina\nThe 1952 United States presidential election in North Carolina took place on November 4, 1952, as part of the 1952 United States presidential election. North Carolina voters chose 14 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070078-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in North Carolina, Background\nAs a former Confederate state, North Carolina had a history of Jim Crow laws, disfranchisement of its African-American population and dominance of the Democratic Party in state politics. However, unlike the Deep South, the Republican Party had sufficient historic Unionist white support from the mountains and northwestern Piedmont to gain one-third of the statewide vote total in most general elections, where turnout was higher than elsewhere in the former Confederacy due substantially to the state's early abolition of the poll tax in 1920.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 70], "content_span": [71, 615]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070078-0001-0001", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in North Carolina, Background\nLike Virginia, Tennessee and Oklahoma, the relative strength of Republican opposition meant that North Carolina did not have statewide white primaries, although certain counties did use the white primary. This persistent local Republican threat from mountain Unionist descendants meant that there was never any question of the state Democratic party bolting to support Strom Thurmond. Additionally, the greatest support for Thurmond was found in middle- and upper-class urban areas of the Piedmont, so that the best Dixiecrat counties correlated strongly with the largest urban areas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 70], "content_span": [71, 655]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070078-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in North Carolina, Background\nDuring Truman's second term, there was little satisfaction in North Carolina with the President, due to unresolved Civil Rights struggles, strikes, and evidence of corruption in the Democratic Party. At the beginning of the presidential campaign, though, there was no indication that the state would not back new Democratic nominee Adlai Stevenson, and all state Democrats endorsed him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 70], "content_span": [71, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070078-0002-0001", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in North Carolina, Background\nStevenson began his campaign in the Tar Heel State in late July, but did not return to the state as it was felt by September that Republican nominee and Columbia University President Dwight D. Eisenhower had less chance than in Florida, Texas or the Dixiecrat states of Louisiana and South Carolina. Stevenson was helped by the fact that, much more than in other Southern States, North Carolina's press largely endorsed him over Eisenhower, although in mid-October one of the two largest papers was endorsing the Republican. Nonetheless, polls ten days before the election suggested Stevenson was very likely to carry the state due to the party loyalty created by viable mountain and northwest Piedmont Republican opposition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 70], "content_span": [71, 796]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070078-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in North Carolina, Vote\nBecause the Black Belt of the state, unlike the economically conservative Black Belts of the Deep South, was economically more liberal than the Piedmont region where the establishment Democratic faction led since 1929 by O. Max Gardner was based, its entirely white electorate stayed exceedingly loyal to Stevenson \u2013 much more so than the Black Belts of other Outer South states.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 64], "content_span": [65, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070078-0003-0001", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in North Carolina, Vote\nThis Democratic loyalty extended to the Outer Banks, which had been a center of anti-Catholic voting when Herbert Hoover carried the state in 1928, so that apart from a seven-vote win in Brunswick County, every county Eisenhower carried was in the urban Piedmont or traditionally GOP mountains. Thus, unlike Texas, Florida and Virginia, urban middle-class Republican voting was inadequate to carry the state for Eisenhower.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 64], "content_span": [65, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070078-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in North Carolina, Vote\nNorth Carolina was ultimately won by Governor Stevenson with 53.91 percent of the popular vote, against Eisenhower with 46.09 percent of the popular vote. Stevenson ran with Alabama Senator John Sparkman and Eisenhower with California Senator Richard Nixon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 64], "content_span": [65, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070079-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in North Dakota\nThe 1952 United States presidential election in North Dakota took place on November 4, 1952, as part of the 1952 United States presidential election. Voters chose four representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070079-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in North Dakota\nNorth Dakota was won by Columbia University President Dwight D. Eisenhower (R\u2013New York), running with California Senator Richard Nixon, with 70.97 percent of the popular vote, against Adlai Stevenson (D\u2013Illinois), running with Alabama Senator John Sparkman, with 28.39 percent of the popular vote. As of 2020, this is the last election in which a presidential candidate carried all of the counties in the state; Rolette County has not voted for a Republican presidential candidate since.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070079-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in North Dakota\nWith 70.97 percent of the popular vote, North Dakota was Eisenhower's second strongest state after Vermont.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070080-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Ohio\nThe 1952 United States presidential election in Ohio took place on November 4, 1952, as part of the 1952 United States presidential election. State voters chose 25 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070080-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Ohio\nOhio was won by Columbia University President Dwight D. Eisenhower (R\u2013New York), running with Senator Richard Nixon, with 56.76% of the popular vote, against Adlai Stevenson (D\u2013Illinois), running with Senator John Sparkman, with 43.24% of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070081-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Oklahoma\nThe 1952 United States presidential election in Oklahoma took place on November 4, 1952, as part of the 1952 United States presidential election. Voters chose eight electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070081-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Oklahoma\nOklahoma was won by Columbia University President Dwight D. Eisenhower (R\u2013New York), running with Senator Richard Nixon, with 54.59 percent of the popular vote, against Adlai Stevenson (D\u2013Illinois), running with Senator John Sparkman, with 45.41 percent of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070081-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Oklahoma\nThe electors selected were Jesse Berry of Chandler, J. Kelsey McClure of Oklahoma City, George E. Nobles of Checotah, David G. Reed of Carnagie, Blanche Kay Young and Mary F. Lawson of Oklahoma City, Arch Stout of Wewoka and Earl E. Ridle of Andarko according to The Daily Ardmoreite article of Dec 13th 1952. All voted, as pledged, for Eisenhower and Nixon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070081-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Oklahoma\nWith his win, Eisenhower became the first Republican presidential candidate since Herbert Hoover in 1928 to win the state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070082-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Oregon\nThe 1952 United States presidential election in Oregon took place on November 4, 1952, as part of the 1952 United States presidential election. Voters chose six representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070082-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Oregon\nOregon was won by Columbia University President Dwight D. Eisenhower (R\u2013New York), running with California Senator Richard Nixon, with 60.54% of the popular vote, against Adlai Stevenson (D\u2013Illinois), running with Alabama Senator John Sparkman, with 38.93% of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070083-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania\nThe 1952 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania took place on November 4, 1952 as part of the 1952 United States presidential election. Voters chose 32 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070083-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania\nPennsylvania voted for the Republican nominee, war hero General Dwight D. Eisenhower, over the Democratic nominee, Illinois Governor Adlai Stevenson. Eisenhower won Pennsylvania by a margin of 5.89%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070083-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania\nDespite Thomas Dewey's relatively strong showing in Philadelphia County in 1948, Eisenhower became the first Republican ever to win the White House without carrying Philadelphia County, which had been a Republican stronghold prior to the New Deal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070084-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Rhode Island\nThe 1952 United States presidential election in Rhode Island took place on November 4, 1952, as part of the 1952 United States presidential election which was held throughout all contemporary 48 states. Voters chose four representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070084-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Rhode Island\nRhode Island voted for the Republican nominee, General Dwight D. Eisenhower of New York, over the Democratic nominee, former Governor Adlai Stevenson of Illinois. Eisenhower ran with Senator Richard Nixon of California, while Stevenson's running mate was Senator John Sparkman of Alabama.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070084-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Rhode Island\nEisenhower won Rhode Island by a very narrow margin of 1.85%. As a result of this, he became the first Republican candidate since Calvin Coolidge in 1924 to win the state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070085-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in South Carolina\nThe 1952 United States presidential election in South Carolina took place on November 4, 1952, as part of the 1952 United States presidential election. South Carolina voters chose 8 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070085-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in South Carolina, Background\nFor six decades up to 1950, South Carolina had been a one-party state dominated by the Democratic Party. The Republican Party had been moribund due to the disfranchisement of blacks and the complete absence of other support bases as the Palmetto State completely lacked upland or German refugee whites opposed to secession. Between 1900 and 1948, no Republican presidential candidate ever obtained more than seven percent of the total presidential vote \u2013 a vote which in 1924 reached as low as 6.6% of the total voting-age population (or approximately 15% of the voting-age white population).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 70], "content_span": [71, 663]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070085-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in South Carolina, Background\nThis absolute loyalty began to break down during World War II when Vice-Presidents Henry A. Wallace and Harry Truman began to realize that a legacy of discrimination against blacks was a threat to the United States' image abroad and its ability to win the Cold War against the radically egalitarian rhetoric of Communism. In the 1948 presidential election, Truman was backed by only 24% of South Carolina's limited electorate \u2013 most of that from the relatively few upcountry poor whites able to meet rigorous voting requirements \u2013 and state Governor Strom Thurmond won 71%, carrying every county except Anderson and Spartanburg.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 70], "content_span": [71, 699]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070085-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in South Carolina, Background, Sweeping changes in electorate\nBetween the 1948 and 1952 presidential elections, South Carolina's electorate saw the most radical changes in any state since Reconstruction and \"Redemption\" had expanded and then contracted the electorates of all former Confederate states. The state became the last to fully adopt the secret ballot, whose absence had allowed intimidation of those who refused to vote Democratic in general elections, and it also fully abolished the poll tax that had further restricted white turnout in presidential elections. There was also some expansion of black voter registration, though as in all areas of the South east of the Mississippi River this was largely an urban phenomenon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 102], "content_span": [103, 777]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070085-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in South Carolina, Background, Continuing sentiment against national Democrats\nDespite Truman announcing as early as May 1950 that he would not run again for President in 1952, it had already become clear that South Carolina's rulers remained severely disenchanted with the national Democratic Party. Originally it was planned that Eisenhower would run on an independent ticket with former state Governor James F. Byrnes, who regained his Senate seat in the 1950 primary, with the ultimate goal of the entire South controlling national politics as an unpledged electoral slate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 119], "content_span": [120, 618]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070085-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in South Carolina, Background, Continuing sentiment against national Democrats\nDespite some criticism of his policies, Byrnes created an organization named \"Independents for Eisenhower\" which was aimed at allowing white Southerners to leave the Democratic Party without embracing the still-feared \"Party of Lincoln\". These would join with a small number of remnant Republicans to form a fusion slate for Eisenhower \u2013 who by the time this plan was developed in September had already won the Republican nomination. In addition to Byrnes, Dixiecrat candidate Thurmond also endorsed Eisenhower, foreshadowing his switch to the Republican Party to support the much more conservative Barry Goldwater a dozen years later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 119], "content_span": [120, 755]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070085-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in South Carolina, Background, Continuing sentiment against national Democrats\nFurther sentiment against the national Democratic Party resulted from fears that the Supreme Court would \u2013 as it did in the legendary Brown v. Board of Education case a year and a half after the election \u2013 rule South Carolina's de jure segregated school system a violation of the Fourteenth Amendment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 119], "content_span": [120, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070085-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in South Carolina, Vote\nFrom the time Eisenhower announced he would run on an independent slate nominated by the many dissident Democrats, he gained substantial support, most especially in the small black-majority rural counties where only whites voted. However, polls always had Stevenson staying ahead of Eisenhower, and in the end he carried the state by a small majority of 5,000 votes. Stevenson's victory was largely due to his ability to maintain two- and three-to-one majorities in the poor white upcountry counties that had given substantial opposition to Thurmond, along with a substantial majority of the 20,000 or so blacks who are believed to have voted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 64], "content_span": [65, 708]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070085-0008-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in South Carolina, Vote\nThe Palmetto State was ultimately won by Stevenson and running mate Alabama Senator John Sparkman, with 50.72% of the popular vote, against Columbia University President Eisenhower (R\u2013New York) and California Senator Richard Nixon, with 49.28% of the popular vote. As of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last election in which Aiken County voted for a Democratic presidential candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 64], "content_span": [65, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070086-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in South Dakota\nThe 1952 United States presidential election in South Dakota took place on November 4, 1952, as part of the 1952 United States presidential election. Voters chose four representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070086-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in South Dakota\nSouth Dakota was won by Columbia University President Dwight D. Eisenhower (R\u2013New York), running with California Senator Richard Nixon, with 69.27 percent of the popular vote, against Illinois Governor Adlai Stevenson II (D), running with Alabama Senator John Sparkman, with 30.73 percent of the popular vote. As of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last election in which Oglala Lakota County, known until 2014 as Shannon County and home to the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, voted for a Republican presidential candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 590]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070086-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in South Dakota\nWith 69.27% of the popular vote, South Dakota would be Eisenhower's third strongest state after Vermont and neighboring North Dakota.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070087-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Tennessee\nThe 1952 United States presidential election in Tennessee took place on November 4, 1952, as part of the 1952 United States presidential election. Tennessee voters chose 11 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070087-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Tennessee\nTennessee was won by former Supreme Allied Commander Dwight D. Eisenhower (R\u2013Kansas), running with Senator Richard Nixon, with 49.99% of the popular vote, against Adlai Stevenson (D\u2013Illinois), running with Senator John Sparkman, with 49.71% of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070088-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Texas\nThe 1952 United States presidential election in Texas was held on November 4, 1952. It was part of the 1952 United States presidential election held throughout all contemporary forty-eight states. Voters chose twenty-four representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070088-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Texas\nThe Republican Party candidate, former General of the Army and Supreme Allied Commander Europe Dwight D. Eisenhower, won his birth state Texas with 53% of the vote against Illinois Governor Adlai Stevenson, carrying the state's 24 electoral votes. Despite losing most southern and eastern areas of the state to Stevenson, Eisenhower managed to carry Texas by a margin of 6.44 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070088-0001-0001", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Texas\nEisenhower's victory in the state made him only the second Republican to carry the state during a presidential election, with the first Republican candidate being Herbert Hoover back in 1928, along with being the first presidential candidate to win over a million votes in Texas. Eisenhower nonetheless did lose Grayson County, the home of his birthplace, Denison.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070089-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Utah\nThe 1952 United States presidential election in Utah took place on November 4, 1952, as part of the 1952 United States presidential election. State voters chose four representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for President and Vice-President.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070089-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Utah\nUtah was won by Columbia University President Dwight D. Eisenhower (R\u2013New York), running with Senator Richard Nixon, with 58.93 percent of the popular vote, against Adlai Stevenson (D\u2013Illinois), running with Senator John Sparkman, with 41.07 percent of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070090-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Vermont\nThe 1952 United States presidential election in Vermont  took place on November 4, 1952, as part of the 1952 United States presidential election which was held throughout all contemporary 48 states. Voters chose three representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070090-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Vermont\nVermont voted overwhelmingly for the Republican nominee, General Dwight D. Eisenhower of New York, over the Democratic nominee, former Illinois Governor Adlai Stevenson of Illinois. Eisenhower ran with Senator Richard Nixon of California, while Stevenson's running mate was Senator John Sparkman of Alabama.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070090-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Vermont\nEisenhower took a landslide 71.45% of the vote to Stevenson\u2019s 28.23%, a victory margin of 43.22%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070090-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Vermont\nVermont historically was a bastion of liberal Northeastern Republicanism, and by 1952 the Green Mountain State had gone Republican in every presidential election since the founding of the Republican Party. From 1856 to 1948, Vermont had had the longest streak of voting Republican of any state, having never voted Democratic before, and this tradition easily continued in 1952 with Eisenhower\u2019s landslide win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070090-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Vermont\nEven as Eisenhower won a comfortable victory nationally, Vermont weighed in as a whopping 32% more Republican than the national average and with 71.45% of the popular vote, this made the Green Mountain State the most Republican in the union in the 1952 election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070090-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Vermont\nEisenhower, a war hero and moderate Republican who had pledged to maintain popular New Deal Democratic policies, had wide appeal beyond the boundaries of the traditional Republican coalition. While Vermont was one of the only two states in the nation (along with Maine) to vote against Franklin Roosevelt all 4 times, the GOP margins in the state had narrowed substantially in the 1930s and 1940s, particularly due to the strong Democratic presence in the northwestern part of the state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070090-0005-0001", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Vermont\nHowever Eisenhower's unique personal appeal brought even that region back into the GOP coalition, and allowed him to break 70% in the state in both 1952 and 1956 (Eisenhower's would win with a slightly larger margin in 1956), the first Republican to do so since Calvin Coolidge in 1924, and the last to date.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070090-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Vermont\nEisenhower swept every county in Vermont, breaking 70% in 9 of the 14 counties. The three northwestern counties of Vermont had long been Democratic enclaves in an otherwise Republican state through the 1930s and 1940s, but Eisenhower finally won them back for the GOP. The region still remained the most Democratic in the state, as Eisenhower received less than 60% of the vote in Chittenden County, Franklin County and Grand Isle County, while every county outside the northwest broke 60% for Eisenhower and three broke 80%. With that, Eisenhower became the first Republican candidate since Coolidge to carry Chittenden County as well as the first since Herbert Hoover in 1928 to carry Franklin and Grand Isle Counties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 772]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070091-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Virginia\nThe 1952 United States presidential election in Virginia took place on November 4, 1952. Voters chose 12 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070091-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Virginia\nVirginia voted for the Republican nominee, General Dwight Eisenhower, over the Democratic nominee, Illinois Governor Adlai Stevenson. This election in particular marked a shift from Virginia being previously regarded as a safe blue state to more of a red state. Eisenhower ultimately won the national election with 55.18% of the vote. It was the first time Virginia voted for a Republican since it was won by Herbert Hoover in 1928.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070091-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Virginia\nThis was also the first election after Colonial Heights was incorporated as an independent city. Eisenhower won Colonial Heights by a close margin of roughly three points. Eisenhower\u2019s two victories in Colonial Heights of three points and four points in 1952 and 1956 remain the two lowest margins of victory for a Republican presidential candidate as of the 2020 election. In the decades since, Colonial Heights has established itself as one of the most Republican leaning independent cities in Virginia, and has yet to be won by a Democratic presidential candidate since its incorporation date.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 649]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070092-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Washington (state)\nThe 1952 United States presidential election in Washington took place on November 4, 1952, as part of the 1952 United States presidential election. Voters chose nine representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070092-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Washington (state)\nWashington was won by Columbia University President Dwight D. Eisenhower (R\u2013New York), running with California Senator Richard Nixon, with 54.33% of the popular vote, against Adlai Stevenson (D\u2013Illinois), running with Alabama Senator John Sparkman, with 44.69% of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070092-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Washington (state)\nThis was the last time the Republican Party carried Pacific County until Donald Trump did so in 2016.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070093-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in West Virginia\nThe 1952 United States presidential election in West Virginia took place on November 4, 1952, as part of the 1952 United States presidential election. West Virginia voters chose eight representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070093-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in West Virginia\nWest Virginia was won by Adlai Stevenson (D\u2013Illinois), running with Senator John Sparkman, with 51.92% of the popular vote, against Columbia University President Dwight D. Eisenhower (R\u2013New York), running with Senator Richard Nixon, with 48.08% of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070094-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Wisconsin\nThe 1952 United States presidential election in Wisconsin was held on November 4, 1952 as part of the 1952 United States presidential election. State voters chose 12 electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070094-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Wisconsin, Background\nPolitics in Wisconsin since the Populist movement had been dominated by the Republican Party. The Democratic Party became uncompetitive away from the Laue Michigan coast as the upper classes, along with the majority of workers who followed them, fled from William Jennings Bryan's agrarian and free silver sympathies. Although the state did develop a strong Socialist Party to provide opposition to the GOP, Wisconsin developed the direct Republican primary in 1903 and this ultimately created competition between the \"League\" under Robert M. La Follette, and the conservative \"Regular\" faction. This ultimately would develop into the Wisconsin Progressive Party in the late 1930s, which was opposed to the conservative German Democrats and to the national Republican Party, and allied with Franklin D. Roosevelt at the federal level.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 65], "content_span": [66, 900]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070094-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Wisconsin, Background\nDuring the two wartime elections, the formerly Democratic German counties in the east of the state \u2013 which had been powerfully opposed to the Civil War because they saw it as a \"Yankee\" war and opposed the military draft instituted during it \u2013 viewed Communism as a much greater threat to America than Nazism and consequently opposed President Roosevelt's war effort.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 65], "content_span": [66, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070094-0002-0001", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Wisconsin, Background\nConsequently, these historically Democratic counties became virtually the most Republican in the entire state, and with the fall of the Progressive Party that had provided the main opposition to the Republicans in the 1930s, the state sent an all-Republican congressional delegation to the 80th Congress for the first time since the 71st, and Democratic representation in the state legislature reached the lowest level since that same date, although it improved to a quarter of the state House in 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 65], "content_span": [66, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070094-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Wisconsin, Background\nDuring the second term of now-unpopular President Truman, populist conservative Wisconsin Senator Joe McCarthy became notorious for his investigations into Communists inside the American government. It was thought that he would be a hindrance both to Democratic nominee Adlai Stevenson II, and to Republican nominee Dwight D. Eisenhower. Stevenson would call for McCarthy's defeat during his campaign in the state because he thought Eisenhower was using unfair political tactics, that Eisenhower was a \"scaremonger\", and that the Republican Party was the \"Same Old Political Hokum\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 65], "content_span": [66, 648]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070094-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Wisconsin, Vote\nPolls in the state during the third week of October showed that most voters were for Eisenhower, although it was thought Stevenson was gaining. The poll however said that if Stevenson was to carry Wisconsin he would be required to win over a large majority of undecided voters. The probability of Stevenson achieving this was made more remote by a poll near the end of October that showed him trailing Eisenhower amongst Wisconsin's farmers by a two-to-one.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 59], "content_span": [60, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070094-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Wisconsin, Vote\nAs it turned out, Eisenhower nearly matched the poll of farmers a week before the election, carrying Wisconsin by 22.25 points for the best Republican performance in the state since Warren G. Harding carried the state in 1920. Eisenhower carried all but three counties \u2013 Kenosha in the urban far south and the two Scandinavian unionized mining and industrial counties of Douglas and Iron. His large victory was due to the unpopularity of the Korean War in a traditionally isolationist state, to ongoing fear of Communist subversion in those German Catholic regions that had turned against the Democrats during the 1940s, and to solid traditional Yankee support in the southern interior.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 59], "content_span": [60, 746]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070095-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Wyoming\nThe 1952 United States presidential election in Wyoming took place on November 4, 1952, as part of the 1952 United States presidential election. State voters chose three representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070095-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 United States presidential election in Wyoming\nWyoming was won by Columbia University President Dwight D. Eisenhower (R\u2013New York), running with Senator Richard Nixon, with 62.71 percent of the popular vote, against Adlai Stevenson (D\u2013Illinois), running with Senator John Sparkman, with 38.93 percent of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070096-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Upper Voltan Territorial Assembly election\nTerritorial Assembly elections were held in French Upper Volta on 30 March 1948. The result was a victory for the Voltaic Union (UV).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070096-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Upper Voltan Territorial Assembly election, Electoral system\nThe Territorial Assembly had 50 seats, with 10 elected by the First College (French citizens) and 40 by the Second College (non-French citizens).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 65], "content_span": [66, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070097-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Uruguayan Primera Divisi\u00f3n, Overview\nIt was contested by 10 teams, and Nacional won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 41], "content_span": [42, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070098-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Utah Redskins football team\nThe 1952 Utah Redskins football team represented the University of Utah during the 1952 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070098-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Utah Redskins football team, After the season, NFL draft\nUtah had three players selected in the 1953 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 61], "content_span": [62, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070099-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Utah State Aggies football team\nThe 1952 Utah State Aggies football team was an American football team that represented Utah State University in the Skyline Conference during the 1952 college football season. In their second season under head coach John Roning, the Aggies compiled a 3\u20137\u20131 record (3\u20134 against Skyline opponents), tied for fifth place in the Skyline Conference, and were outscored by opponents by a total of 209 to 121.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070100-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Utah gubernatorial election\nThe 1952 Utah gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1952. Incumbent Republican J. Bracken Lee defeated Democratic nominee Earl J. Glade with 55.09% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070101-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election\nElections to the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly were held on 26 March 1952. 2,604 candidates contested for the 347 constituencies in the Assembly. There were 83 two-member constituencies and 264 single-member constituencies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070102-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 VFA season\nThe 1952 Victorian Football Association season was the 71st season of the Australian rules football competition. The premiership was won by the Oakleigh Football Club, after it defeated Port Melbourne by 21 points in the Grand Final on 4 October. It was Oakleigh's fourth VFA premiership.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070102-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 VFA season, Premiership\nThe home-and-home season was played over twenty matches, before the top four clubs contested a finals series under the Page\u2013McIntyre system to determine the premiers for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 28], "content_span": [29, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070103-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 VFL Grand Final\nThe 1952 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Geelong Football Club and Collingwood Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on 27 September 1952. It was the 56th annual Grand Final of the Victorian Football League, staged to determine the premiers for the 1952 VFL season. The match, attended by 81,304 spectators, was won by Geelong by 46 points, marking that club's fifth premiership victory and second in succession.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070103-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 VFL Grand Final, The game\nGeelong entered the game as the hottest favourites in many a year. The Cats were in the middle of their record winning run and had thrashed Collingwood in the Second Semi final. Collingwood entered the grand final with two changes forced by injuries to Lucas and Pat Twomey. In to the side was Les Smith, Harvey Stevens and Keith Batchelor who made his debut at full back.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 30], "content_span": [31, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070103-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 VFL Grand Final, The game, 1st quarter\nCollingwood got the first goal of the game from a drop kick from Thorold Merrett. Geelong then got in their stride and kicked the next four goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 43], "content_span": [44, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070103-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 VFL Grand Final, The game, 2nd quarter\nParker got Collingwood's only goal of the quarter and there vigor was having a negative effect of the Cats. Geelong finally got a goal in time on to go into the break with a twelve point lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 43], "content_span": [44, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070103-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 VFL Grand Final, The game, 3rd quarter\nIt took until the halfway mark of the third before Geelong finally decided enough was enough and in a blitz added five goals to finish the quarter with a 39 point lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 43], "content_span": [44, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070103-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 VFL Grand Final, The game, 4th quarter\nWith the game out of reach the Magpies attack constantly for little reward, seven behinds from their slow, lumbersome forwards. Geelong on the other hand eased off but still kicked two goals to defeat the Magpies by 46 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 43], "content_span": [44, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070104-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 VFL Lightning Premiership\nThe 1952 VFL Lightning Premiership was an Australian rules football knockout competition played entirely on Saturday, 24 May. It was played on the Empire Day holiday between rounds 5 and 6 of the Victorian Football League's 1952 season with all games played at the MCG. This was the fifth time a lightning premiership had been contested in the VFL. It was contested by the 12 VFL teams who competed in the 1952 VFL season. A total of 33,719 people attended the competition. Melbourne won its first Lighting Premiership competition defeating South Melbourne in the final by 7 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 613]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070105-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 VFL season\nThe 1952 Victorian Football League season was the 56th season of the elite Australian rules football competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070105-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 VFL season, Premiership season\nIn 1952, the VFL competition consisted of twelve teams of 18 on-the-field players each, plus two substitute players, known as the 19th man and the 20th man. A player could be substituted for any reason; however, once substituted, a player could not return to the field of play under any circumstances.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 35], "content_span": [36, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070105-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 VFL season, Premiership season\nTeams played each other in a home-and-away season of 19 rounds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 35], "content_span": [36, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070105-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 VFL season, Premiership season\nThere was an extra round (round 8), in addition to 1951's 18 rounds, promoted as a \"National Day Round\", and held on the Saturday (14 June) of the Queen's Birthday weekend while the Victorian State side played against the West Australian State side at Melbourne Cricket Ground (also on 14 June).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 35], "content_span": [36, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070105-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 VFL season, Premiership season\nThe season was constructed as follows: in rounds 1 to 7 and 9 to 12 the teams played each other. Round 8, the \"National Day Round\", was the reverse of round 11 (and the designated round 8 \"home team\" was the reverse of that in round 11). Rounds 13 to 19 were the \"home-and-way reverse\" of rounds 1 to 7.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 35], "content_span": [36, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070105-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 VFL season, Premiership season\nOnce the 19 round home-and-away season had finished, the 1952 VFL Premiers were determined by the specific format and conventions of the Page\u2013McIntyre system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 35], "content_span": [36, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070106-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 VPI Gobblers football team\nThe 1952 VPI Gobblers football team represented the Virginia Polytechnic Institute in the 1952 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070106-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 VPI Gobblers football team, Players\nThe following players were members of the 1952 football team according to the roster published in the 1953 edition of The Bugle, the Virginia Tech yearbook.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 40], "content_span": [41, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070107-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Vanderbilt Commodores football team\nThe 1952 Vanderbilt Commodores football team represented Vanderbilt University during the 1952 college football season. The team's head coach was Bill Edwards, who was in his fourth and final year as the Commodores' head coach. Members of the Southeastern Conference, the Commodores played their home games at Dudley Field in Nashville, Tennessee. In 1952, Vanderbilt went 3\u20135\u20132 overall with a conference record of 1\u20134\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070108-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Venezuelan Constituent Assembly election\nConstituent Assembly elections were held in Venezuela on 30 November 1952. After the elections, it was planned that the Assembly would nominate a provisional president and then draft a new constitution. Although taking place under military dictatorship, with the main opposition party (Democratic Action) banned, the election was fair enough to permit early results showing an unexpected defeat for the ruling military junta as the Democratic Republican Union won 62.8% of the vote. The junta then blocked the final results from being published and installed General Marcos P\u00e9rez Jim\u00e9nez as provisional President, an outcome confirmed by the Constituent Assembly, which the opposition parties boycotted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 749]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070108-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Venezuelan Constituent Assembly election, Background\nVenezuela had been run by a three-person junta from the 1948 Venezuelan coup d'\u00e9tat, under the leadership of Carlos Delgado Chalbaud. His assassination in November 1950 caused delays in the promulgation of the junta's promised electoral law, and afterwards P\u00e9rez Jim\u00e9nez, its most powerful member, opposed the draft law's enfranchisement of all persons over 18, describing it as enfranchising illiterates and minors. Perceived pressure of domestic and international opinion saw the electoral law published in April 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 57], "content_span": [58, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070108-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Venezuelan Constituent Assembly election, Campaign\nThe main party of the Venezuelan opposition and of the previous democratic government, Democratic Action, was banned and was specifically prohibited from participating. The Communist Party of Venezuela was also banned. In the absence of Democratic Action, the Democratic Republican Union (URD) was the most powerful opposition party. It seriously considered abstaining but ultimately decided to participate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 55], "content_span": [56, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070108-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Venezuelan Constituent Assembly election, Campaign\nThe opposition URD, led by J\u00f3vito Villalba, and COPEI, led by Rafael Caldera, \"had to furnish detailed information to the government regarding party-sponsored public meetings, membership rolls, and finances\". In addition, press coverage of both parties was censored so strictly that it hardly communicated any more than movements of its leaders, with party policies simply omitted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 55], "content_span": [56, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070108-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Venezuelan Constituent Assembly election, Campaign\nIn the last weeks of the campaign, a parallel organization outside the political parties was organized to support P\u00e9rez Jim\u00e9nez's push for the presidency; it was announced on 5 November that the \"National Movement\" had collected 1.6 million signatures in support. The movement became so prominent that the President of the Electoral Council reminded the country that it was electing a Constituent assembly, not a President.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 55], "content_span": [56, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070108-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Venezuelan Constituent Assembly election, Results\nEarly returns, with around a third of the votes in, showed the URD on 147,065 votes, with the pro-junta FEI trailing with around 50,000 and COPEI finishing third. P\u00e9rez Jim\u00e9nez ordered news coverage halted, and no further figures were announced until he declared final results on 2 December. Democratic Action in exile said that URD and COPEI had together won 1.6 million of 1.8 million votes cast, and 87 seats, and unofficial results published by Armando Veloz Mancera showed 1,198,000 votes for the URD, 403,000 for FEI and 306,000 for COPEI. Some details in state-level results support the charge of fraud. In some states the URD was entitled to one of two seats, based on its share of the official vote, but received none.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 54], "content_span": [55, 782]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070108-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 Venezuelan Constituent Assembly election, Aftermath\nAfter the results were announced the ruling junta resigned and handed power to the military, who named P\u00e9rez Jim\u00e9nez Provisional President. The URD and COPEI boycotted the assembly's first meeting on 3 February. As a result, with only FEI members present, the assembly ratified the election results and formally elected P\u00e9rez Jim\u00e9nez as President of Venezuela. Ultimately, the Assembly drafted a new constitution, which was promulgated in April 1953 and vested the president with sweeping powers to act to protect national security, peace, and order. For all intents and purposes, the document transformed P\u00e9rez Jim\u00e9nez's presidency into a legal dictatorship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 56], "content_span": [57, 716]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070109-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Venezuelan Primera Divisi\u00f3n season\nThe 1952 season of the Venezuelan Primera Divisi\u00f3n, the top category of Venezuelan football, was played by 6 teams. The national champions were La Salle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070110-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Vermont Catamounts football team\nThe 1952 Vermont Catamounts football team was an American football team that represented  the University of Vermont in the Yankee Conference during the 1952 college football season. In their first year under head coach J. Edward Donnelly, the team compiled a 2\u20135 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070111-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Vermont gubernatorial election\nThe 1952 Vermont gubernatorial election took place on November 4, 1952. Incumbent Republican Lee E. Emerson ran successfully for re-election to a second term as Governor of Vermont, defeating Democratic candidate Robert W. Larrow and write-in candidate Henry D. Vail.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070112-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Victorian Legislative Council election\nElections were held in the Australian state of Victoria on Saturday 21 June 1952 to elect 17 of the 34 members of the state's Legislative Council for six year terms. MLCs were elected in single-member provinces using preferential voting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070112-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Victorian Legislative Council election\nThe election was the first following the abolition of property qualifications for voting in the Legislative Council, and saw a large increase in the number of Labor MLCs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070112-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Victorian Legislative Council election, Results, Legislative Council\nVictorian Legislative Council election, 21 June 1952Legislative Council << 1949\u20131955 >>", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 73], "content_span": [74, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070112-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Victorian Legislative Council election, Candidates\nSitting members are shown in bold text. Successful candidates are highlighted in the relevant colour. Where there is possible confusion, an asterisk (*) is also used.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 55], "content_span": [56, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070113-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Victorian state election\nThe 1952 Victorian state election was held in the Australian state of Victoria on Saturday 6 December 1952 to elect 65 members of the state's Legislative Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070113-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Victorian state election, Results, Legislative Assembly\nVictorian state election, 6 December 1952Legislative Assembly << 1950\u20131955 >>", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070114-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Villanova Wildcats football team\nThe 1952 Villanova Wildcats football team represented the Villanova University during the 1952 college football season. The head coach was Art Raimo, coaching his second season with the Wildcats. The team played their home games at Villanova Stadium in Villanova, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070115-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Vincent Black Lightning\n\"1952 Vincent Black Lightning\" is a song by guitarist Richard Thompson from his 1991 album Rumor and Sigh. It tells the story of a thief named James and the girl Red Molly whom he charms with a ride on his 1952 Vincent Black Lightning motorcycle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070115-0000-0001", "contents": "1952 Vincent Black Lightning\nIn 2011 Time magazine listed the song in its \"All TIME 100 Songs\", a list of \"the most extraordinary English-language popular recordings since the beginning of TIME magazine in 1923,\" praising it as \"a glorious example of what one guy can accomplish with just a guitar, a voice, an imagination and a set of astonishingly nimble fingers.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070115-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Vincent Black Lightning\nDespite not being issued as a single, the ballad became a fan favourite and is one of Thompson's most highly acclaimed solo compositions. A live version of the song appears on Thompson's album Two Letter Words: Live 1994.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070115-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Vincent Black Lightning\nThe band Red Molly, who has covered the song, takes its name from the lead female character in the song.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070115-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Vincent Black Lightning, The motorcycle\nThe song focuses on the main character's love for both his girlfriend and his 1952 Vincent Black Lightning, a rare British motorcycle of which perhaps 30 were made. The character James compares it to other cycles of the age in his dying speech:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 44], "content_span": [45, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070115-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Vincent Black Lightning, The motorcycle\nSays James, in my opinion, there's nothing in this worldBeats a '52 Vincent and a red headed girl. Now Nortons and Indians and Greeveses won't doThey don't have a soul like a Vincent '52.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 44], "content_span": [45, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070115-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Vincent Black Lightning, The motorcycle\nWhile most cover versions of this song by different artists remain with the original lyrics listing those same three makes of motorcycle (that \"don't have a soul like a Vincent '52\"), Thompson himself often varies the makes for live recordings, broadcasts and performances. He adds or replaces with the following makes: Triumph, Harley, Enfield, Douglas, Rudge, Matchless and Ducati.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 44], "content_span": [45, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070115-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 Vincent Black Lightning, The motorcycle\nInterviewed in the 2003 BBC Four documentary Solitary Life, Thompson said: \"When I was a kid, that was always the exotic bike, that was always the one, the one that you went \"ooh, wow\". I'd always been looking for English ideas that didn't sound corny, that had some romance to them, and around which you could pin a song. And this song started with a motorcycle, it started with the Vincent. It was a good lodestone around which the song could revolve\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 44], "content_span": [45, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070115-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 Vincent Black Lightning, Covers\nAmerican artists who cover the song frequently change the place reference, Box Hill to Knoxville.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070116-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Vindhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election\nElections to the Legislative Assembly of the Indian state of Vindhya Pradesh were held on March 26, 1952. 252 candidates contested for the 48 constituencies in the Assembly. There were 12 two-member constituencies and 36 single-member constituencies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070116-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Vindhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, State Reorganization and Merger\nOn 1 November 1956, Vindhya Pradesh was merged into Madhya Pradesh under States Reorganisation Act, 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 83], "content_span": [84, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070117-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Virginia Cavaliers football team\nThe 1952 Virginia Cavaliers football team represented the University of Virginia during the 1952 college football season. The Cavaliers were led by seventh-year head coach Art Guepe and played their home games at Scott Stadium in Charlottesville, Virginia. They finished with 8 wins for the third consecutive year, but were not invited to a bowl game. After the season, Guepe left Virginia to accept the head coaching position at Vanderbilt. He had a record of 47\u201317\u20132 at Virginia, and his winning percentage of .727 remains the highest among Virginia head coaches that coached more than one year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 635]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070118-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Volta a Catalunya\nThe 1952 Volta a Catalunya was the 32nd edition of the Volta a Catalunya cycle race and was held from 7 September to 14 September 1952. The race started in Montju\u00efc and finished in Barcelona. The race was won by Miguel Poblet.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070119-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 WANFL season\nThe 1952 WANFL season was the 68th season of senior football in Perth, Western Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070120-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team\nThe 1952 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team was an American football team that represented Wake Forest University during the 1952 college football season. In their second season under head coach Tom Rogers, the Demon Deacons compiled a 5\u20134\u20131 record and finished in a tie for second place in the Southern Conference with a 5\u20131 record against conference opponents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070120-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team\nEnd Jack Lewis was selected by the United Press as a first-team player on the 1952 All-Southern Conference football team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070121-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Washington Huskies football team\nThe 1952 Washington Huskies football team was an American football team that represented the University of Washington during the 1952 college football season. In its fifth season under head coach Howard Odell, the team compiled a 7\u20133 record, finished in third place in the Pacific Coast Conference, and outscored its opponents by a combined total of 248 to 201. Dick Sprague was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070121-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Washington Huskies football team, NFL Draft selections\nThree University of Washington Huskies were selected in the 1953 NFL Draft, which lasted thirty rounds with 361 selections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 59], "content_span": [60, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070122-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Washington Redskins season\nThe 1952 Washington Redskins season was the franchise's 21st season in the National Football League (NFL) and their 15th in Washington, D.C..  the team failed to improve on their 5\u20137 record from 1951 and finished 4-8.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070122-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Washington Redskins season, Schedule, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 52], "content_span": [53, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070122-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Washington Redskins season, Schedule, Standings\nThis article relating to a Washington Football Team season is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 52], "content_span": [53, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070123-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Washington Senators season\nThe 1952 Washington Senators won 78 games, lost 76, and finished in fifth place in the American League. They were managed by Bucky Harris and played home games at Griffith Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070123-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 76], "content_span": [77, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070123-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 69], "content_span": [70, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070123-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 74], "content_span": [75, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070123-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070123-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 72], "content_span": [73, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070124-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Washington State Cougars football team\nThe 1952 Washington State Cougars football team was an American football team that represented Washington State College during the 1952 college football season. First-year head coach Al Kircher led the team to a 3\u20134 mark in the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) and 4\u20136 overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070124-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Washington State Cougars football team\nThree home games were played on campus in Pullman at Rogers Field, and one in Spokane, the finale against rival Washington.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070124-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Washington State Cougars football team\nKircher was previously the backfield coach under head coach Forest Evashevski, who left for Iowa in\u00a0January, and\u00a0he was promoted the following\u00a0week.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070125-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Washington gubernatorial election\nThe 1952 Washington gubernatorial election took place on November 4, 1952, between incumbent governor Arthur B. Langlie of the Republican Party and U.S. Representative Hugh Mitchell of the Democratic Party. Langlie won the general election, becoming the first Washington state governor to be elected to a third term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070125-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Washington gubernatorial election, Primary election\nDemocratic U.S. Congressman Hugh Mitchell announced his candidacy for governor on March 22, seeking to fix an administration that was \"falling apart at the seams\". By May, Mitchell was joined by state senator Albert D. Rosellini of Seattle, State Treasurer Tom Martin, Speaker of the House Charles W. Hodde, and Charles C. Ralls in what The Seattle Times described as a \"hard-to-predict contest\" for the Democratic nomination. During various debates, Rosellini denounced Mitchell as a \"left-winger\", leaving doubts amidst the anti-communist wave of the era. Mitchell ultimately won the primary by a margin of 30,000 votes", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 56], "content_span": [57, 678]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070125-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Washington gubernatorial election, Primary election\nIncumbent Governor Arthur B. Langlie, who had been elected to two non-consecutive terms in 1940 and 1948, filed his intention to run for a third term on July 17 after returning from the 1952 Republican National Convention. Dr. John E. Lydon, a Seattle sanipractor, was the only Republican to run against Langlie and was not considered a serious contender for the party nomination.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 56], "content_span": [57, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070126-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Washington, D.C. UFO incident\nThe 1952 Washington, D.C. UFO incident, also known as the Washington flap, the Washington National Airport Sightings, or the Invasion of Washington, was a series of unidentified flying object reports from July 12 to July 29, 1952, over Washington, D.C. The most publicized sightings took place on consecutive weekends, July 19\u201320 and July 26\u201327. UFO historian Curtis Peebles called the incident \"the climax of the 1952 (UFO) flap\" - \"Never before or after did Project Blue Book and the Air Force undergo such a tidal wave of (UFO) reports.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 575]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070126-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Washington, D.C. UFO incident, Events of November 16\nAt 11:40\u00a0p.m. on Saturday, July 19, 1952, Edward Nugent, an air traffic controller at Washington National Airport (today Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport), spotted seven objects on his radar. The objects were located 15 miles (24\u00a0km) south-southwest of the city; no known aircraft were in the area and the objects were not following any established flight paths. Nugent's superior, Harry Barnes, a senior air-traffic controller at the airport, watched the objects on Nugent's radarscope. He later wrote:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 57], "content_span": [58, 570]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070126-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Washington, D.C. UFO incident, Events of November 16\nBarnes had two controllers check Nugent's radar; they found that it was working normally. Barnes then called National Airport's radar-equipped control tower; the controllers there, Howard Cocklin and Joe Zacko said that they also had unidentified blips on their radar screen, and saw a hovering \"bright light\" in the sky, which departed with incredible speed. Cocklin asked Zacko, \"Did you see that? What the hell was that?\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 57], "content_span": [58, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070126-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Washington, D.C. UFO incident, Events of November 16\nAt this point, other objects appeared in all sectors of the radarscope; when they moved over the White House and the United States Capitol, Barnes called Andrews Air Force Base, located 10 miles from National Airport. Although Andrews reported that they had no unusual objects on their radar, an airman  soon called the base's control tower to report the sighting of a strange object. Airman William Brady, who was in the tower, then saw an \"object which appeared to be like an orange ball of fire, trailing a tail . . . [ it was] unlike anything I had ever seen before.\" As Brady tried to alert the other personnel in the tower, the strange object \"took off at an unbelievable speed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 57], "content_span": [58, 742]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070126-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Washington, D.C. UFO incident, Events of November 16\nOn one of National Airport's runways, S.C. Pierman, a Capital Airlines pilot, was waiting in the cockpit of his DC-4 for permission to take off. After spotting what he believed to be a meteor, he was told that the control tower's radar had detected unknown objects closing in on his position. Pierman observed six objects \u2014 \"white, tailless, fast-moving lights\" \u2014 over a 14-minute period. Pierman was in radio contact with Barnes during his sighting, and Barnes later related that \"each sighting coincided with a pip we could see near his plane. When he reported that the light streaked off at a high speed, it disappeared on our scope.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 57], "content_span": [58, 695]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070126-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Washington, D.C. UFO incident, Events of November 16\nMeanwhile, at Andrews Air Force Base, the control tower personnel were tracking on radar what some thought to be unknown objects, but others suspected, and in one instance were able to prove, were simply stars and meteors. However, Staff Sgt. Charles Davenport observed an orange-red light to the south; the light \"would appear to stand still, then make an abrupt change in direction and altitude . . . this happened several times.\" At one point both radar centers at National Airport and the radar at Andrews Air Force Base were tracking an object hovering over a radio beacon. The object vanished in all three radar centers at the same time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 57], "content_span": [58, 701]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070126-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 Washington, D.C. UFO incident, Events of November 16\nAt 3 a.m., shortly before two United States Air Force F-94 Starfire jet fighters from New Castle Air Force Base in Delaware arrived over Washington, all of the objects vanished from the radar at National Airport. However, when the jets ran low on fuel and left, the objects returned, which convinced Barnes that \"the UFOs were monitoring radio traffic and behaving accordingly.\" The objects were last detected by radar at 5:30\u00a0a.m.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 57], "content_span": [58, 489]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070126-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 Washington, D.C. UFO incident, Publicity and Air Force reaction\nThe sightings of July 19\u201320, 1952, made front-page headlines in newspapers around the nation. A typical example was the headline from the Cedar Rapids Gazette in Iowa. It read \"SAUCERS SWARM OVER CAPITAL\" in large black type. By coincidence, USAF Captain Edward J. Ruppelt, the supervisor of the Air Force's Project Blue Book investigation into UFO sightings, was in Washington at the time. However, he did not learn about the sightings until Monday, July 21, when he read the headlines in a Washington-area newspaper.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 68], "content_span": [69, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070126-0007-0001", "contents": "1952 Washington, D.C. UFO incident, Publicity and Air Force reaction\nAfter talking with intelligence officers at the Pentagon about the sightings, Ruppelt spent several hours trying to obtain a staff car so he could travel around Washington to investigate the sightings, but was refused as only generals and senior colonels could use staff cars. He was told that he could rent a taxicab with his own money; by this point Ruppelt was so frustrated that he left Washington and flew back to Blue Book's headquarters at Wright-Patterson AFB in Dayton, Ohio. Upon returning to Dayton, Ruppelt spoke with an Air Force radar specialist, Captain Roy James, who felt that unusual weather conditions could have caused the unknown radar targets.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 68], "content_span": [69, 734]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070126-0008-0000", "contents": "1952 Washington, D.C. UFO incident, Events of July 26\u201327\nAt 8:15\u00a0p.m. on Saturday, July 26, 1952, a pilot and stewardess on a National Airlines flight into Washington observed some lights above their plane. Within minutes, both radar centers at National Airport, and the radar at Andrews AFB, were tracking more unknown objects. USAF master sergeant Charles E. Cummings visually observed the objects at Andrews, he later said that \"these lights did not have the characteristics of shooting stars. There was [sic] no trails . . . they traveled faster than any shooting star I have ever seen.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 56], "content_span": [57, 591]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070126-0009-0000", "contents": "1952 Washington, D.C. UFO incident, Events of July 26\u201327\nMeanwhile, Albert M. Chop, the press spokesman for Project Blue Book, arrived at National Airport and, due to security concerns, denied several reporters' requests to photograph the radar screens. He then joined the radar center personnel. By this time (9:30\u00a0p.m.) the radar center was detecting unknown objects in every sector. At times the objects traveled slowly; at other times they reversed direction and moved across the radarscope at speeds calculated at up to 7,000\u00a0mph (11,250\u00a0km/h). At 11:30\u00a0p.m., two U.S. Air Force F-94 Starfire jet fighters from New Castle Air Force Base in Delaware arrived over Washington.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 56], "content_span": [57, 678]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070126-0009-0001", "contents": "1952 Washington, D.C. UFO incident, Events of July 26\u201327\nCaptain John McHugo, the flight leader, was vectored towards the radar blips but saw nothing, despite repeated attempts. However, his wingman, Lieutenant William Patterson, did see four white \"glows\" and chased them. He told investigators said that \"I tried to make contact with the bogies below 1,000 feet,\" and that \"I was at my maximum speed but...I ceased chasing them because I saw no chance of overtaking them.\" According to Albert Chop, when ground control asked Patterson \"if he saw anything\", Patterson replied \"'I see them now and they're all around me. What should I do? '... And nobody answered, because we didn't know what to tell him.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 56], "content_span": [57, 706]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070126-0010-0000", "contents": "1952 Washington, D.C. UFO incident, Events of July 26\u201327\nAfter midnight on July 27, USAF Major Dewey Fournet, Project Blue Book's liaison at the Pentagon, and Lt. John Holcomb, a United States Navy radar specialist, arrived at the radar center at National Airport. During the night, Lieutenant Holcomb received a call from the Washington National Weather Station. They told him that a slight temperature inversion was present over the city, but Holcomb felt that the inversion was not \"nearly strong enough to explain the 'good and solid' returns\" on the radar scopes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 56], "content_span": [57, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070126-0010-0001", "contents": "1952 Washington, D.C. UFO incident, Events of July 26\u201327\nFournet relayed that all those present in the radar room were convinced that the targets were most likely caused by solid metallic objects. There had been weather targets on the scope too, he said, but this was a common occurrence and the controllers \"were paying no attention to them,\". Two more F-94s from New Castle Air Force Base were scrambled during the night. One pilot saw nothing unusual; the other pilot saw a white light which \"vanished\" when he moved towards it. Civilian aircraft also reported glowing objects that corresponded to radar blips seen by Andrews radar operators. As on July 20, the sightings and unknown radar returns ended at sunrise.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 56], "content_span": [57, 718]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070126-0011-0000", "contents": "1952 Washington, D.C. UFO incident, White House concern and CIA interest\nThe sightings of July 26\u201327 also made front-page headlines, and led President Harry Truman to have his air force aide call Ruppelt and ask for an explanation of the sightings and unknown radar returns. Truman listened to the conversation between the two men on a separate phone, but did not ask questions himself. Ruppelt, remembering the conversation he had with Captain James, told the president's assistant that the sightings might have been caused by a temperature inversion, in which a layer of warm, moist air covers a layer of cool, dry air closer to the ground. This condition can cause radar signals to bend and give false returns. However, Ruppelt had not yet interviewed any of the witnesses or conducted a formal investigation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 72], "content_span": [73, 812]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070126-0012-0000", "contents": "1952 Washington, D.C. UFO incident, White House concern and CIA interest\nCIA historian Gerald Haines, in his 1997 history of the CIA's involvement with UFOs, also mentions Truman's concern. \"A massive buildup of sightings over the United States in 1952, especially in July, alarmed the Truman administration. On 19 and 20 July, radar scopes at Washington National Airport and Andrews Air Force Base tracked mysterious blips. On 27 July, the blips reappeared.\" The CIA would react to the 1952 wave of UFO reports by \"forming a special study group within the Office of Scientific Intelligence (OSI) and Office of Current Intelligence (OCI) to review the situation. Edward Tauss reported for the group that most UFO sightings could be easily explained. Nonetheless, he recommended that the Agency continue monitoring the problem.\" The CIA's concern with the issue would lead to the creation, in January 1953, of the Robertson Panel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 72], "content_span": [73, 929]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070126-0013-0000", "contents": "1952 Washington, D.C. UFO incident, Air Force explanation\nAir Force Major Generals John Samford, USAF Director of Intelligence, and Roger Ramey, USAF Director of Operations, held a well-attended press conference at the Pentagon on July 29, 1952. At the event, Samford stated that the visual sightings over Washington could be explained as misidentified aerial phenomena such as stars or meteors, and unknown radar targets could be explained by temperature inversion, which was present in the air over Washington on both nights the radar returns were reported.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 57], "content_span": [58, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070126-0013-0001", "contents": "1952 Washington, D.C. UFO incident, Air Force explanation\nIn addition, Samford stated that the unknown radar contacts were not caused by solid material objects, and therefore posed no threat to national security. In response to a question as to whether the Air Force had recorded similar UFO radar contacts prior to the Washington incident, Samford said that there had been \"hundreds\" of such contacts where Air Force fighter interceptions had taken place, but stated they were all \"fruitless.\" It was the largest Pentagon press conference since World War II. Press stories called Samford and Ramey the Air Force's two top UFO experts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 57], "content_span": [58, 635]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070126-0014-0000", "contents": "1952 Washington, D.C. UFO incident, Air Force explanation\nAmong the witnesses who supported Samford's explanation was the crew of a B-25 bomber, which had been flying over Washington during the sightings of July 26\u201327. The bomber was vectored several times by National Airport over unknown targets on the airport's radarscopes, yet the crew could see nothing unusual. Finally, as a crew member related, \"the radar had a target which turned out to be the Wilson Lines steamboat trip to Mount Vernon... the radar was sure as hell picking up the steamboat.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 57], "content_span": [58, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070126-0014-0001", "contents": "1952 Washington, D.C. UFO incident, Air Force explanation\nAir Force Captain Harold May was in the radar center at Andrews AFB during the sightings of July 19\u201320. Upon hearing that National Airport's radar had picked up an unknown object heading in his direction, May stepped outside and saw \"a light that was changing from red to orange to green to red again...at times it dipped suddenly and appeared to lose altitude.\" However, May eventually concluded that he was simply seeing a star that was distorted by the atmosphere, and that its \"movement\" was an illusion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 57], "content_span": [58, 566]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070126-0014-0002", "contents": "1952 Washington, D.C. UFO incident, Air Force explanation\nAt 3 a.m. on July 27, an Eastern Airlines flight over Washington was told that an unknown object was in its vicinity; the crew could see nothing unusual. When they were told that the object had moved directly behind their plane, they began a sharp turn to try to see the object, but were told by National Airport's radar center that the object had \"disappeared\" when they began their turn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 57], "content_span": [58, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070126-0015-0000", "contents": "1952 Washington, D.C. UFO incident, Air Force explanation\nAt the request of the Air Force, the CAA's Technical Development and Evaluation Center did an analysis of the radar sightings. Their conclusion was that \"a temperature inversion had been indicated in almost every instance when the unidentified radar targets or visual objects had been reported.\" Project Blue Book would eventually label the unknown Washington radar blips as false images caused by temperature inversion, and the visual sightings as misidentified meteors, stars, and city lights.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 57], "content_span": [58, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070126-0015-0001", "contents": "1952 Washington, D.C. UFO incident, Air Force explanation\nIn later years two prominent UFO skeptics, Dr. Donald Menzel, an astronomer at Harvard University, and Philip Klass, a senior editor for Aviation Week magazine, would also argue in favor of the temperature inversion/mirage hypothesis. In 2002 Klass told a reporter that \"radar technology in 1952 wasn't sophisticated enough to filter out many ordinary objects, such as flocks of birds, weather balloons, or temperature inversions.\" The reporter added that \"UFO proponents argue that even then seasoned controllers could differentiate between spurious targets and solid, metallic objects. Klass disagrees. It may be that 'we had two dumb controllers at National Airport on those nights'...[Klass] added that the introduction of digital filters in the 1970s led to a steep decline in UFO sightings on radar.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 57], "content_span": [58, 864]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070126-0016-0000", "contents": "1952 Washington, D.C. UFO incident, Criticisms of the Air Force explanation\nIn his book, The Report on Unidentified Flying Objects, author Edward J. Ruppelt wrote that radar and control tower personnel he spoke to, as well as some Air Force officers, disagreed with the Air Force's explanation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 75], "content_span": [76, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070126-0017-0000", "contents": "1952 Washington, D.C. UFO incident, Criticisms of the Air Force explanation\nMichael Wertheimer, a researcher for the government-funded Condon Report, investigated the case in 1966, and stated that radar witnesses still disputed the Air Force explanation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 75], "content_span": [76, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070126-0018-0000", "contents": "1952 Washington, D.C. UFO incident, Criticisms of the Air Force explanation\nFormer radar controller Howard Cocklin told the Washington Post in 2002 that he was still convinced that he saw an object, which \"I saw it on the [radar] screen and out the window\" over Washington National Airport.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 75], "content_span": [76, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070126-0019-0000", "contents": "1952 Washington, D.C. UFO incident, The Robertson Panel\nThe extremely high numbers of UFO reports in 1952 disturbed both the Air Force and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Both groups felt that an enemy nation could deliberately flood the U.S. with false UFO reports, causing mass panic and allowing them to launch a sneak attack. On September 24, 1952, the CIA's Office of Scientific Intelligence (OSI) sent a memorandum to Walter B. Smith, the CIA's Director. The memo stated that \"the flying saucer situation . . . [ has] national security implications . . . [ in] the public concern with the phenomena . . .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 55], "content_span": [56, 617]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070126-0019-0001", "contents": "1952 Washington, D.C. UFO incident, The Robertson Panel\nlies the potential for the touching-off of mass hysteria and panic.\" The result of this memorandum was the creation in January 1953 of the Robertson Panel. Dr. Howard P. Robertson, a physicist, chaired the panel, which consisted of prominent scientists and which spent four days examining the \"best\" UFO cases collected by Project Blue Book. The panel dismissed nearly all of the UFO cases it examined as not representing anything unusual or threatening to national security.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 55], "content_span": [56, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070126-0019-0002", "contents": "1952 Washington, D.C. UFO incident, The Robertson Panel\nIn the panel's controversial estimate, the Air Force and Project Blue Book needed to spend less time analyzing and studying UFO reports and more time publicly debunking them. The panel recommended that the Air Force and Project Blue Book should take steps to \"strip the Unidentified Flying Objects of the special status they have been given and the aura of mystery they have unfortunately acquired.\" Following the panel's recommendation, Project Blue Book would rarely publicize any UFO case that it had not labeled as \"solved\"; unsolved cases were rarely mentioned by the Air Force.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 55], "content_span": [56, 639]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070127-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Wayne Tartars football team\nThe 1952 Wayne Tartars football team was an American football team that represented Wayne University (later renamed Wayne State University) as an independent during the 1952 college football season. Under fourth-year head coach Louis F. Zarza, the team compiled a 4\u20134 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070128-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Werriwa by-election\nA by-election was held for the Australian House of Representatives seat of Werriwa on 29 November 1952. This was triggered by the death of Labor Party MP Bert Lazzarini.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070128-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Werriwa by-election\nThe by-election was won by Labor Party candidate and future Prime Minister Gough Whitlam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070129-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election\nThe  West Bengal State Assembly Election of 1952 was a part of the series of Legislative Assembly elections in 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070129-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election, Alliances\nOn the political left, two alliances had emerged the United Socialist Organisation of India (an alliance between the Communist Party of India, the Socialist Republican Party and the Forward Bloc (Marxist Group)) and the People's United Socialist Front (comprising the Socialist Party, the Forward Bloc (Ruikar) and the Revolutionary Communist Party of India).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 57], "content_span": [58, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070129-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election, Results, Alliance wise result\nThe election was won by the Indian National Congress, who got a majority of its own in the assembly. The communists became the largest opposition party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 77], "content_span": [78, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070129-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election, State Reorganization\nOn 1 November 1956, under States Reorganisation Act, 1956, a portion of the Purnea district east of the river Mahananda and the Purulia sub-district of the Manbhum district in the south (except Char Thana) were transferred from Bihar to West Bengal. Thus, assembly constituencies in West Bengal increased from 187 (238 seats) to 195 (252 seats) during 1957 assembly elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 68], "content_span": [69, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070130-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 West Riding County Council election\nThe 1952 West Riding County Council election was held on Saturday, 5 April 1952. The election took place in the administrative county of the West Riding of Yorkshire, which excluded the county boroughs of Barnsley, Bradford, Dewsbury, Doncaster, Halifax, Huddersfield, Leeds, Rotherham, Sheffield, Wakefield and York. The whole council of ninety-six members was up for election, with each county electoral division returning one councillor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070131-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 West Virginia Mountaineers football team\nThe 1952 West Virginia Mountaineers football team was an American football team that represented West Virginia University in the Southern Conference (SoCon) during the 1952 college football season. In its third season under head coach Art Lewis, the team compiled a 7\u20132 record (5\u20131 against SoCon opponents), finished second in the conference, and outscored opponents by a total of 234 to 116. The team played its home games at Mountaineer Field in Morgantown, West Virginia. Paul Bischoff was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 556]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070132-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 West Virginia gubernatorial election\nThe 1952 West Virginia gubernatorial election took place on November 4, 1952, to elect the governor of West Virginia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070133-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Western Kentucky Hilltoppers football team\nThe 1952 Western Kentucky Hilltoppers football team represented Western Kentucky State College in the 1952 college football season. They were coached by Jack Clayton and shared their first Ohio Valley Conference football championship as well as winning their first bowl game, the Refrigerator Bowl. The team was led by college division AP All-American and All-OVC Quarterback Jimmy Feix and matched the school record for most wins set in 1922. R.E. Simpson, Marvin Satterly, Gene McFadden, and Max Stevens were also named to the All-OVC team. Will Price and Willie Watson were team captains.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 639]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070134-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Western Michigan Broncos baseball team\nThe 1952 Western Michigan Broncos baseball team represented Western Michigan College in the 1952 NCAA baseball season. The Broncos played their home games at Hyames Field. The team was coached by Charlie Maher in his 14th year at Western Michigan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070134-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Western Michigan Broncos baseball team\nThe Broncos won the District IV playoff to advanced to the College World Series, where they were defeated by the Holy Cross Crusaders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070135-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Western Michigan Broncos football team\nThe 1952 Western Michigan Broncos football team represented Western Michigan College of Education (later renamed Western Michigan University) in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1952 college football season. In their 11th and final season under head coach John Gill, the Broncos compiled a 4\u20134 record (1\u20134 against MAC opponents), finished in sixth place in the MAC, and were outscored by their opponents, 159 to 154. The team played its home games at Waldo Stadium in Kalamazoo, Michigan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070135-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Western Michigan Broncos football team\nQuarterback Chuck Higgins was the team captain. Halfback Willard Brown received the team's most outstanding player award.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070135-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Western Michigan Broncos football team\nIn December 1952, coach Gill became the school's associate athletic director; Jack Petoskey, who had been an assistant coach, became the school's new head football coach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070136-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Western Reserve Red Cats football team\nThe 1952 Western Reserve Red Cats football team represented the Western Reserve University in the American city of Cleveland, Ohio, now known as Case Western Reserve University, during the 1952 college football season. The Red Cats were a member of the Mid-American Conference (MAC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070136-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Western Reserve Red Cats football team\nThe team was coached by Edward L. Finnigan and assisted by Wes Stevens and George Roman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070137-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Wichita Shockers football team\nThe 1952 Wichita Shockers football team, sometimes known as the Wheatshockers, was an American football team that represented Wichita  University (now known as Wichita State University) as a member of the Missouri Valley Conference during the 1952 college football season. In its third and final season under head coach Robert S. Carlson, the team compiled a 3\u20136\u20131 record (0\u20133 against conference opponents), finished last out of five teams in the MVC, and was outscored by a total of 235 to 159. The team played its home games at Veterans Field, now known as Cessna Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 610]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070138-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Wightman Cup\nThe 1952 Wightman Cup was the 24th edition of the annual women's team tennis competition between the United States and Great Britain. It was held at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in London in England in the United Kingdom.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070139-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Wilkes County 200\nThe 1952 Wilkes County 200 was a NASCAR Grand National Series event that was held on March 30, 1952, at North Wilkesboro Speedway in North Wilkesboro, North Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070139-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Wilkes County 200\nThe race car drivers still had to commute to the races using the same stock cars that competed in a typical weekend's race through a policy of homologation (and under their own power). This policy was in effect until roughly 1975. By 1980, NASCAR had completely stopped tracking the year model of all the vehicles and most teams did not take stock cars to the track under their own power anymore.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070139-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Wilkes County 200, Race report\nDue to the lack of precision and accuracy of the NASCAR record keepers of the 1950s, only the most vital information of the race was not thrown away after the racing event was over. Only the first two starting positions, all of the finishing positions, and the racing numbers of the most notable drivers were kept. Dave Terrell would score his first of four top-5 finishes at this race. Herb Thomas would lead the race from green flag to checkered flag while this race become the first of four top 5s finishes for Dave Terrell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 35], "content_span": [36, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070139-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Wilkes County 200, Race report\nHarold Mays inflicted terminal vehicle damage on lap 1 while Dick Rathman's vehicle had a busted radiator on lap 20. A tie rod became a major problem for Jimmie Lewallen's vehicle on lap 26 along with Tim Flock's gasket. Curtis Turner's vehicle also had problems with its radiator on lap 35 while an accident took Perk Brown out of the race on lap 39. Frankie Schneider's vehicle would be rendered unworthy to race due to a crash on lap 40. A problem with the vehicle's battery forced Bobby Courtright out of the race on lap 47.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 35], "content_span": [36, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070139-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Wilkes County 200, Race report\nBuck Baker would be forced out of the race due to radiator problems on lap 67. Charles Gattalia would overheat his vehicle on lap 69. Braking issues forced Shorty Gibbs out of the race on lap 76 while a missing rear end caused Leonard Tippett to go to the sidelines on lap 108. Joe Eubanks noticed that his vehicle's clutch stopped working on lap 122; forcing him out of the race. Problems with the vehicle's handling took Lee Petty out of the race on lap 142. An over-exhausted battery took Jim Paschal out of the contention on lap 164. The final DNF of the race came when Buddy Shuman noticed that his vehicle's shocks are acting abnormally on lap 175.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 35], "content_span": [36, 690]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070139-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Wilkes County 200, Race report\nTwo hundred laps were done on a dirt oval track spanning 0.625 miles (1.006\u00a0km); making a grand total of 125 miles (201\u00a0km). The race took two hours and eight minutes to reach completion and twenty-four drivers competed. Out of these twenty-four drivers, only seven managed to complete the race. Herb Thomas managed to defeat Fonty Flock in the race by at least one lap in front of ten thousand people. A Hudson Hornet was used in order to win the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 35], "content_span": [36, 489]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070139-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 Wilkes County 200, Race report\nThe pole speed was 75.075 miles per hour (120.822\u00a0km/h) while the average speed was 58.597 miles per hour (94.303\u00a0km/h). Marshall Teague would run his only race at the North Wilkesboro Speedway; losing his life at a practice session for the 1959 Daytona 500 around seven years later. However, he would only run for 57 laps before withdrawing himself from the race due to reasons unknown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 35], "content_span": [36, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070139-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 Wilkes County 200, Race report\nJulian Buesink, Doug Meeks and B.B. Blackburn were three of the most notable crew chiefs to participate in this event. Total winnings for the race was $3,550 USD ($34,179 when considering inflation).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 35], "content_span": [36, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070139-0008-0000", "contents": "1952 Wilkes County 200, Race report, Finishing order\n* Driver failed to finish race \u2020 signifies that the driver is known to be deceased", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 52], "content_span": [53, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070140-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 William & Mary Indians football team\nThe 1952 William & Mary Indians football team represented William & Mary during the 1952 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070141-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Wimbledon Championships\nThe 1952 Wimbledon Championships took place on the outdoor grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in Wimbledon, London, United Kingdom. The tournament was held from Monday 23 June until Saturday 5 July 1952. It was the 66th staging of the Wimbledon Championships, and the third Grand Slam tennis event of 1952. Frank Sedgman and Maureen Connolly won the singles titles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070141-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Wimbledon Championships, Finals, Seniors, Men's Doubles\nKen McGregor /  Frank Sedgman defeated  Vic Seixas /  Eric Sturgess, 6\u20133, 7\u20135, 6\u20134", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 60], "content_span": [61, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070141-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Wimbledon Championships, Finals, Seniors, Women's Doubles\nShirley Fry /  Doris Hart defeated  Louise Brough /  Maureen Connolly, 8\u20136, 6\u20133", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 62], "content_span": [63, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070141-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Wimbledon Championships, Finals, Seniors, Mixed Doubles\nFrank Sedgman /  Doris Hart defeated  Enrique Morea /  Thelma Long, 4\u20136, 6\u20133, 6\u20134", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 60], "content_span": [61, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070142-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Boys' Singles\nBobby Wilson defeated Trevor Fancutt in the final, 6\u20133, 6\u20133 to win the Boys' Singles tennis title at the 1952 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070143-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Girls' Singles\nFenny ten Bosch defeated Rita Davar in the final, 5\u20137, 6\u20131, 7\u20135 to win the Girls' Singles tennis title at the 1952 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070144-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Doubles\nKen McGregor and Frank Sedgman successfully defended their title, defeating Vic Seixas and Eric Sturgess in the final, 6\u20133, 7\u20135, 6\u20134 to win the Gentlemen' Doubles tennis title at the 1952 Wimbledon Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070144-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Doubles, Seeds\nClick on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070145-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nIn the 1952 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Gentlemen's Singles tennis competition, number one seed Frank Sedgman defeated number two seed Jaroslav Drobn\u00fd in the final, 4\u20136, 6\u20132, 6\u20133, 6\u20132 to win the title. Dick Savitt was the defending champion, but lost in the quarterfinals to Mervyn Rose.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070145-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Singles, Progress of the tournament\nDrobn\u00fd was representing Egypt, having defected from Czechoslovakia in 1949 and been offered Egyptian citizenship in 1950. It was his second Wimbledon men's singles final, and he defected the number 5 and 6 seeds (Australia's Ken McGregor and the US's Herbie Flam) to get there. Another Australian, number 8 seed Mervyn Rose, having defeated Savitt, was beaten by the eventual champion, Sedgman, in the semifinals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 72], "content_span": [73, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070145-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Singles, Seeds\nClick on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070146-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Mixed Doubles\nFrank Sedgman and Doris Hart successfully defended their title, defeating Enrique Morea and Thelma Long in the final, 4\u20136, 6\u20133, 6\u20134 to win the Mixed Doubles tennis title at the 1952 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070146-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Mixed Doubles, Seeds\nClick on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070147-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Women's Doubles\nShirley Fry and Doris Hart successfully defended their title, defeating Louise Brough and Maureen Connolly in the final, 8\u20136, 6\u20133 to win the Ladies' Doubles tennis title at the 1952 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070147-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Women's Doubles, Seeds\nClick on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 53], "content_span": [54, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070148-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Women's Singles\nMaureen Connolly defeated Louise Brough in the final, 7\u20135, 6\u20133 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1952 Wimbledon Championships. Doris Hart was the defending champion, but lost in the quarterfinals to Pat Todd.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070148-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Women's Singles, Seeds\nClick on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 53], "content_span": [54, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070149-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Winter Olympics\nThe 1952 Winter Olympics, officially known as the VI Olympic Winter Games (Norwegian: De 8. olympiske vinterleker; Nynorsk: Dei 8. olympiske vinterleikane) and commonly known as Oslo 1952, was a winter multi-sport event held from 14 to 25\u00a0February 1952 in Oslo, the capital of Norway.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070149-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Winter Olympics\nDiscussions about Oslo hosting the Winter Olympic Games began as early as 1935; the city was keen to host the 1948 Winter Olympics, but that was made impossible by World War II. Instead, Oslo won the right to host the 1952 Games in a contest that included Cortina d'Ampezzo in Italy and Lake Placid in the United States. All of the Olympic venues were in Oslo's metropolitan area, except for the alpine skiing events, which were held at Norefjell, 113\u00a0km (70\u00a0mi) from the capital. A new hotel was built for the press and dignitaries, along with three dormitories to house athletes and coaches, creating the first modern athlete's village. Oslo bore the financial burden of hosting the Games in return for the revenue they generated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 753]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070149-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Winter Olympics\nThe 1952 Winter Games attracted 694 athletes representing 30 countries, who participated in four\u00a0sports and 22\u00a0events. Japan and Germany made their returns to Winter Olympic competition after being forced to miss the 1948 Games in the aftermath of World War II. Germany was represented solely by West German athletes after East Germany declined to compete as a unified team. Portugal and New Zealand made their Winter Olympic debuts, and women were allowed to compete in cross-country skiing for the first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070149-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Winter Olympics\nNorwegian truck driver Hjalmar Andersen won three out of four speed skating events to become the most decorated athlete of the 1952 Winter Olympics. Germany resumed its former prominence in bobsleigh, with wins in the four- and two-man events. Dick Button of the United States performed the first triple jump in international competition to claim his second consecutive men's figure skating Olympic title. The popular Nordic sport bandy featured as a demonstration sport, but only three Nordic countries competed in the tournament. Norway dominated the overall medal count with 16 medals, including seven golds. The Games closed with the presentation of a flag that would be passed to the host city of the next Winter Olympics. The flag, which became known as the \"Oslo flag\", has been displayed in the host city during subsequent Winter Games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 865]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070149-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Winter Olympics, Host city selection\nOslo had unsuccessfully bid to host the 1936 Winter Olympics, losing to Germany, which had hosted the 1936 Summer Olympics. At that time, the nation that hosted the Summer Olympics also hosted the Winter Olympics. After the 1936 Games, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) decided to award the Winter and Summer Games to different countries, but the Games were suspended during World War II. London hosted the first post-war Games, the 1948 Summer Olympics, and recommended Oslo as the host city for the 1948 Winter Games, but the city council declined. Instead, the 1948 Winter Olympics were held in St. Moritz, Switzerland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 41], "content_span": [42, 672]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070149-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Winter Olympics, Host city selection\nNorwegians were undecided about hosting a Winter Olympics. Culturally, they were opposed to competitive winter sports, particularly skiing events, despite the success of Norwegian athletes at previous Winter Games. But the organizers believed the 1952 Games could be an opportunity to promote national unity and to show the world that Norway had recovered from the war. Vying with Oslo for the right to host the Games were Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy, and Lake Placid, New York, United States. The IOC voted to award the 1952 Winter Games to Oslo on 21 June 1947 at the 40th IOC Session in Stockholm, Sweden. Later, Cortina d'Ampezzo was awarded the 1956 Games, and Lake Placid\u2014which had hosted the 1932 Winter Olympics\u2014was chosen to host the 1980 Winter Games. Norway became the first Scandinavian country to host a Winter Olympics, and the 1952 Winter Games were the first to be held in a nation's capital.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 41], "content_span": [42, 947]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070149-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 Winter Olympics, Organization\nA special committee was assigned to organize the 1952 Games, which consisted of four Norwegian sports officials and four representatives from the municipality of Oslo, including mayor Brynjulf Bull. The committee was in place by December 1947. The city of Oslo funded the Games entirely, in exchange for keeping all the revenue generated. To accommodate the influx of athletes and coaches, quarters for competitors and support staff were designed and constructed, with three new facilities (forerunners of the athlete's villages of later Games) built.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 34], "content_span": [35, 586]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070149-0006-0001", "contents": "1952 Winter Olympics, Organization\nThe city of Oslo paid to have a new hotel constructed, the Viking, used for IOC delegates, out-of-town dignitaries, and as the communication hub of the Games. For the first time in a Winter Games, an indoor ice hockey arena was constructed, which hosted the eight-team tournament. Oslo's existing central arena, Bislett Stadium, was used for the opening and closing ceremonies, and for speed skating events. Improvements to the arena included better sound and lighting systems, remodeled club house and press rooms, and the addition of a medical center.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 34], "content_span": [35, 588]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070149-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 Winter Olympics, Politics\nIn the aftermath of the German occupation of Norway during World War II, anti-German sentiment began to affect preparations for the 1952 Olympics. Discussions were held to consider whether Germany should be allowed to participate in the Games. When in 1950, the West German Olympic Committee requested recognition by the IOC, it raised the question of whether their participation would cause political boycotts in the upcoming Games. Once the IOC recognized the West German Olympic Committee, West Germany was then formally invited to compete at the 1952 Winter Games. East Germany was invited to participate with West Germany, as a unified team, but they declined.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 30], "content_span": [31, 696]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070149-0008-0000", "contents": "1952 Winter Olympics, Politics\nAt first Norway was reluctant to welcome German athletes and others considered Nazi sympathizers. For example, Norwegian speed skater Finn Hodt was not allowed to compete in the Norwegian speed skating team because he collaborated with the Nazis during the war. Eventually, despite the concern, Norway agreed to allow German and Japanese athletes to compete. The Soviet Union sent no athletes to Oslo, despite being recognized by the IOC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 30], "content_span": [31, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070149-0009-0000", "contents": "1952 Winter Olympics, Events\nMedals were awarded in 22 events contested in four sports (eight disciplines).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070149-0010-0000", "contents": "1952 Winter Olympics, Events, Opening ceremonies\nThe opening ceremonies were held in Bislett Stadium on 15 February. King George VI of Great Britain had died on 6 February 1952 with his daughter Elizabeth II took the throne as queen, eight days before the start of the Games. As a result, all national flags were flown at half-mast, and Princess Ragnhild opened the Games in place of her grandfather, King Haakon VII, who was in London attending the funeral. This was the first time an Olympic Games had been declared open by a female official.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 48], "content_span": [49, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070149-0010-0001", "contents": "1952 Winter Olympics, Events, Opening ceremonies\nThe parade of nations was held according to tradition, with Greece first, the rest of the nations proceeding by Norwegian alphabetical order, with the host nation last. The British, Australian, Canadian and New Zealand teams all wore black arm bands at the opening ceremonies in memory of their monarch. After the parade of nations the Olympic flame was lit. On 13 February, at the start of the inaugural Winter Olympics torch relay, the torch was lit in the hearth of the Morgedal House, birthplace of skiing pioneer Sondre Norheim. The torch relay lasted two days and took place entirely on skis. At the opening ceremonies the final torch bearer, Eigil Nansen, received the Olympic torch and skied to a flight of stairs where he removed his skis, ascended, and ignited the flame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 48], "content_span": [49, 830]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070149-0011-0000", "contents": "1952 Winter Olympics, Events, Opening ceremonies\nThe bobsleigh and alpine skiing events were held the day before the opening ceremonies. Competitors in these events were unable to attend the festivities in Oslo; consequently simple opening ceremonies were held at Frognerseteren, site of the bobsleigh events, and Norefjell, site of the alpine skiing events.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 48], "content_span": [49, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070149-0012-0000", "contents": "1952 Winter Olympics, Events, Bobsleigh\nAfter a 16-year hiatus from the Olympics Germany made a triumphant return to the bobsleigh competition, winning the two- and four-man events. The results for both bobsleigh events were the same, with the United States and Switzerland taking silver and bronze respectively. Fritz Feierabend from Switzerland competed in both the two- and four-man competitions. His two bronze medals were the fourth and fifth in an Olympic career that spanned 16 years and three Olympics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 39], "content_span": [40, 510]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070149-0012-0001", "contents": "1952 Winter Olympics, Events, Bobsleigh\nThere were no weight restrictions on the bobsleigh athletes, and the average weight for each member of the winning German four-man team was 117\u00a0kg (258\u00a0lb), which was more than the Olympic heavyweight boxing champion in 1952. Seeing the undue advantage overweight athletes brought to their teams, the International Federation for Bobsleigh and Toboganning instituted a weight limit for future Olympics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 39], "content_span": [40, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070149-0013-0000", "contents": "1952 Winter Olympics, Events, Speed skating\nAll of the speed skating events were held at Bislett Stadium. Americans Ken Henry and Don McDermott placed first and second in the 500-meter race, but Norwegian truck driver Hjalmar Andersen electrified the partisan crowd by winning the 1,500, 5,000 and 10,000-meter events; his margins of victory were the largest in Olympic history. Dutchman Wim van der Voort placed second in the 1,500\u00a0meters and his countryman Kees Broekman placed second to Andersen in the 5,000 and 10,000-meter races, becoming the first Olympic speed skating medalists from the Netherlands. Absent from the competition was former world champion Korn\u00e9l Pajor. The Hungarian-born speed skater had won both long-distance races at the World Championships held in Oslo in 1949 and then defected to Sweden, but was unable to obtain Swedish citizenship in time to compete in 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 43], "content_span": [44, 891]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070149-0014-0000", "contents": "1952 Winter Olympics, Events, Alpine skiing\nThere were three alpine skiing events on the Olympic program: the slalom, giant slalom and downhill. Both men and women competed in all three events, held at Norefjell and R\u00f8dkleiva. The giant slalom made its Olympic debut at the 1952 Games. Austrian skiers dominated the competition, winning seven out of a possible 18 medals, including Othmar Schneider who won gold and silver in the men's slalom and downhill. Norwegian Stein Eriksen won gold in the men's giant slalom and silver in the slalom. Greek slalom skier Antoin Miliordos fell 18 times on his run and crossed the finish line backwards. American skier Andrea Mead Lawrence was the only double gold medalist, winning the giant slalom and the slalom. She was the first skier from the United States to win two alpine skiing gold medals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 43], "content_span": [44, 838]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070149-0015-0000", "contents": "1952 Winter Olympics, Events, Cross-country skiing\nAll the cross-country events were held next to the ski jump hill at Holmenkollbakken. As had been the case in 1948 there were three men's events: 18 kilometers, 50 kilometers, and a relay. Added to the Olympic program for the first time was a ten-kilometer race for women. All the cross-country medals were won by Nordic countries, and Finnish skiers won eight of the twelve possible. Lydia Wideman of Finland became the first female Olympic champion in cross-country skiing; her teammates Mirja Hietamies and Siiri Rantanen won silver and bronze respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 50], "content_span": [51, 611]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070149-0015-0001", "contents": "1952 Winter Olympics, Events, Cross-country skiing\nVeikko Hakulinen won the 50-kilometer men's race to begin an Olympic career that would culminate in seven medals, three of them gold. Hallgeir Brenden won the 18-kilometer race and helped Norway take the silver in the 4\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010-kilometer relay. Brenden went on to win another gold in the men's 15-kilometer race in 1956, and a silver in the relay in 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 50], "content_span": [51, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070149-0016-0000", "contents": "1952 Winter Olympics, Events, Nordic combined\nThe nordic combined event was held at the cross-country and ski jump venues. For the first time, the ski jump part took place first with competitors taking three jumps from the Holmenkollbakken. The 18-km cross country skiing event took place the next day. Results were tallied by the best two marks were scored, along with the results of the cross-country race, to determine a winner. Norwegians Simon Sl\u00e5ttvik and Sverre Stenersen won the gold and bronze respectively. Stenersen went on to win the gold at the 1956 Games in the same event. Heikki Hasu from Finland won the silver, preventing a Norwegian sweep of the medals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 45], "content_span": [46, 672]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070149-0017-0000", "contents": "1952 Winter Olympics, Events, Ski jumping\nCrowds in excess of 100,000 greeted the ski jumpers as they competed at Holmenkollbakken. In 1952 there was only one event, the men's normal hill, which was held on 24 February. The King, Prince Harald, and Princess Ragnhild were in attendance. The Norwegian athletes did not disappoint the crowd, as Arnfinn Bergmann and Torbj\u00f8rn Falkanger placed first and second; Swedish jumper Karl Holmstr\u00f6m took the bronze. Norwegian athletes won the ski jumping gold medal in every Winter Olympics from 1924 to 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 41], "content_span": [42, 548]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070149-0018-0000", "contents": "1952 Winter Olympics, Events, Figure skating\nThere were three events in the Olympic figure skating competition: men's singles, women's singles and mixed pairs. The events were held at Bislett Stadium on a rink constructed inside the speed skating track.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 44], "content_span": [45, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070149-0019-0000", "contents": "1952 Winter Olympics, Events, Figure skating\nDick Button of the United States won the men's singles event. Helmut Seibt of Austria took silver and James Grogan of the United States won bronze. Button became the first figure-skater to land a triple jump in competition when he performed the triple loop in the men's free skate. British skater Jeannette Altwegg won the gold medal in the women's singles, the silver was won by American Tenley Albright, who went on to win gold at the 1956 Winter Games in Cortina d'Ampezzo, and Jacqueline du Bief of France won the bronze. The German husband and wife pair of Ria and Paul Falk won the mixed pairs competition. They defeated Americans Karol and Peter Kennedy, who placed second, and Hungarian siblings Marianna and L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Nagy, who won the bronze medal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 44], "content_span": [45, 800]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070149-0020-0000", "contents": "1952 Winter Olympics, Events, Ice hockey\nA majority of the ice hockey matches took place at Jordal Amfi, a new hockey stadium built for the Olympics. Nine teams played in the tournament and Canada again won the gold medal. Canada had won all but one Olympic hockey tournament thus far, but in 1956 the Soviet team began to compete and ended Canadian dominance. Canada was represented by the Edmonton Mercurys, an amateur hockey team sponsored by the owner of a Mercury automobile dealership. Canada played the United States to a three all tie on the final day to clinch the gold, and the Americans won silver.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 40], "content_span": [41, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070149-0020-0001", "contents": "1952 Winter Olympics, Events, Ice hockey\nThe official report of the USOC for the 1952 Olympics covers the game in great detail. According to the report, by the end of the game against Canada, the Americans were mentally and physically exhausted and after scoring the third goal and tying the game they decided to focus on defense in order not to lose silver. It is important to note that Canadians at the time were considered unbeatable and even tying that team was almost impossible.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 40], "content_span": [41, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070149-0020-0002", "contents": "1952 Winter Olympics, Events, Ice hockey\nSweden and Czechoslovakia ended up tied for third (Czechoslovakia defeated the Swedes in the head-to-head game, but according to the rules at the time they had to play a tiebreaker game because they were tied in points). Sweden won that game and avenged the loss in the round-robin. The Czechs believed they had already won the bronze when they defeated the Swedes in the round-robin, calling the decision to play a tie-breaking game a \"plot of the capitalist countries\". Canadian team was criticized for its rough play; although body checking was legal, it was not often used by European teams, and opponents and spectators alike took a dim view of that style of play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 40], "content_span": [41, 710]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070149-0021-0000", "contents": "1952 Winter Olympics, Events, Bandy\nThe IOC lobbied the organizing committee to host either military patrol or curling as a demonstration sport. The committee instead selected bandy, which had never been included in the Winter Games. Bandy, which is popular in Nordic countries, is played by teams of eleven on an outdoor soccer field-sized ice rink, using a small ball and sticks about 1.2\u00a0m (3.9\u00a0ft) long. As it was a demonstration sport, the players were ineligible for medals. Three nations participated: Finland, Norway and Sweden. Each of the three teams won one game and lost one game; with Sweden winning the competition based on number of goals scored, followed by Norway in second place, and Finland in third place. Two of the games were played at D\u00e6hlenenga Stadium and one at Bislett Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 35], "content_span": [36, 804]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070149-0022-0000", "contents": "1952 Winter Olympics, Events, Closing ceremonies\nAt the 1952 Winter Games, the closing ceremonies were a distinct program listing, unlike previous Winter Games when the closing ceremonies were held directly after the final event. The closing ceremonies were held in Bislett Stadium, on Monday evening, 25 February. The flag bearers entered the stadium in the same order they followed for the opening ceremonies. That evening four medal ceremonies were also held for the women's cross-country race, the men's cross-country relay, the ski jumping competition, and the ice hockey tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 48], "content_span": [49, 588]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070149-0023-0000", "contents": "1952 Winter Olympics, Events, Closing ceremonies\nSince 1920, the \"Antwerp flag\" has been passed from host city to host city during closing ceremonies for the Summer Games. The city of Oslo gave an Olympic flag to establish the same tradition for the Winter Games. Brynjulf Bull, Oslo's mayor, passed the flag to the president of the IOC, Sigfrid Edstr\u00f6m, who declared the flag was to pass from host city to host city for future Winter Games. The flag, which came to be known as the \"Oslo Flag\", has since been preserved in a display case, with the name of every Winter Olympics host city engraved on brass plaques, and is brought to each Winter Games to be displayed. A replica is used during the closing ceremonies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 48], "content_span": [49, 716]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070149-0024-0000", "contents": "1952 Winter Olympics, Events, Closing ceremonies\nAfter the flag ceremony the Olympic flame was extinguished, a special speed skating race was held, and the figure skating competitors gave an exhibition, followed by 40\u00a0children dressed in national costumes performing an ice dance. For a finale, to the close the Games, the lights were extinguished and a 20-minute fireworks display lit up the night sky.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 48], "content_span": [49, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070149-0025-0000", "contents": "1952 Winter Olympics, Venues\nWith a seating capacity of 29,000, Bislett Stadium became the centrepiece of the Games. It was the venue for the speed skating events and the figure skating competition. Bislett was large enough for a 400\u00a0m (1,300\u00a0ft) speed skating track, and a figure skating ice-rink of 30 by 60\u00a0m (98 by 197\u00a0ft); a snow bank separated the track and the rink. Because Bislett was an outdoor arena, the organizing committee chose Tryvann Stadion and Hamar Stadion as secondary alternative skating venues to be used the case of bad weather. In 1994 Hamar became the venue for the speed skating events at the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 656]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070149-0026-0000", "contents": "1952 Winter Olympics, Venues\nThe Oslo Winter Games were the first to feature an Olympic ice hockey tournament held on artificial ice. A new stadium was built for the hockey tournament in a residential area of eastern Oslo, called Jordal Amfi, which accommodated 10,000 spectators in stands rising steeply from the rink. 23 of the 36 hockey matches were played at Jordal Amfi, with the remaining matches played at Kadettangen, D\u00e6lenenga idrettspark, Lillestr\u00f8m Stadion and Marienlyst Stadion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070149-0027-0000", "contents": "1952 Winter Olympics, Venues\nThe cross-country races and ski-jump competition were held at Holmenkollbakken, located roughly 8\u00a0km (5\u00a0mi) from the center of Oslo. The expected number of spectators caused concerns about traffic, so a new road was constructed and the existing thoroughfare widened. Holmenkollbakken was built in 1892 and improvements were needed to meet international standards. The original wood ski-jump was replaced with a concrete tower and jump that was 87\u00a0m (285\u00a0ft) long. New stands were built to seat 13,000 people, and an area was added at the base of the hill to accommodate 130,000 spectators.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 618]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070149-0028-0000", "contents": "1952 Winter Olympics, Venues\nThe hills and terrain in the surrounding area met the competitive demands for an elite cross-country ski event. A notice board was posted at the start and finish lines to help spectators monitor the progress of the competitors. The cross-country and nordic combined races began and ended at the base of the ski jump hill. The stands for the ski jump competition had to be removed during the cross-country races; spectators had only a small area from which to watch the races but were allowed on the course to cheer on the competitors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070149-0029-0000", "contents": "1952 Winter Olympics, Venues\nThe alpine skiing events were split between Norefjell and R\u00f8dkleiva. The slalom courses were at R\u00f8dkleiva, located on the same mountain as Holmenkollen and Frognerseteren. The course had an elevation difference, from start to finish, of  200\u00a0m (660\u00a0ft) and was 480\u00a0m (1,570\u00a0ft) in length. A rope tow had to be built to bring the skiers from the bottom to the top of the hill.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070149-0029-0001", "contents": "1952 Winter Olympics, Venues\nThe downhill race and the giant slalom\u2014which made its Olympic debut in 1952\u2014were held at Norefjell, which was 113\u00a0km (70\u00a0mi) from Oslo and the only venue located away from the capital city. Work had to be done to make the area suitable for Olympic competition. A bridge across Lake Kr\u00f8deren was built to help alleviate transportation congestion. A new hotel, two ski lifts, and a new road were also constructed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070149-0030-0000", "contents": "1952 Winter Olympics, Venues\nThere was no permanent bobsleigh run in Norway. Instead the organizers built a temporary course out of snow and ice. This is often wrongly assumed to have been built at Korketrekkeren. From Frognerseteren a separate 1,508\u00a0m (4,948\u00a0ft) long, 13-turn course was designed and built. The bobsleigh run was first constructed and tested in 1951, then rebuilt for the Games in 1952. A car was used to return the bobsleighs to the start of the track.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070149-0031-0000", "contents": "1952 Winter Olympics, Participating nations\nThirty nations sent competitors, which was the highest number of participants at a Winter Games. New Zealand and Portugal took part in the Winter Olympic Games for the first time. Australia, Germany, and Japan returned after a 16-year absence. South Korea, Liechtenstein, and Turkey competed in 1948 but did not participate in the 1952 Games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 43], "content_span": [44, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070149-0032-0000", "contents": "1952 Winter Olympics, Calendar\nThe official opening ceremonies were held on 15 February, although two smaller ceremonies were held on 14 February to conform with competition schedules. From 15 February until 25 February, the day of the closing ceremonies, at least one event final was held each day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 30], "content_span": [31, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070149-0033-0000", "contents": "1952 Winter Olympics, Medal count\nThese are the nations that topped the medal count at the 1952 Winter Games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070150-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Winter Olympics medal table\nThe 1952 Winter Olympics, officially known as the VI Olympic Winter Games, took place in Oslo, Norway, from 14 to 25\u00a0February\u00a01952. A total of 694 athletes representing 30 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) participated in the Games, taking part in 22 events from 6 sports.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070150-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Winter Olympics medal table\nFrom the thirteen NOCs that collected at least one medal, eight secured at least one gold. Ten NOCs won more than one medal, and among these, Norway was the most successful with sixteen medals, including seven golds. The United States (eleven medals, four golds) and Finland (nine medals, three golds) finished second and third in the medal table, respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070150-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Winter Olympics medal table\nNorway's Hjalmar Andersen and Germany's Mirl Buchner were the top medal winners, with three medals each. The Netherlands got its first Winter Olympics medals, when Kees Broekman and Wim van der Voort won three silver medals between them in speed skating. Portugal and New Zealand made their Winter Olympic Games debuts in Oslo, but neither nation won a medal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070150-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Winter Olympics medal table, Highlights\nOslo was the first Scandinavian city to host a Winter Olympics. Athletes from the host nation won more medals than any other nation. Truck driver Hjalmar Andersen won three out of the four speed skating events, and Simon Sl\u00e5ttvik and Sverre Stenersen won gold and bronze in nordic combined. Ski jumpers Arnfinn Bergmann and Torbj\u00f8rn Falkanger placed first and second, and only Swedish jumper Karl Holmstr\u00f6m prevented a Norwegian sweep.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070150-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Winter Olympics medal table, Highlights\nAfter a 16-year hiatus from Olympic competition Germany made a triumphant return, winning seven medals and three golds. They won gold medals in both two- and four-man bobsleigh events. The results for both events were identical with the United States and Switzerland taking silver and bronze. The other gold medal for Germany went to the husband and wife figure skating pair of Paul and Ria Falk, who won the mixed pairs competition. Mirl Buchner of Germany was the only other triple medalist when she won three medals in alpine skiing, placing second in the downhill and third in the slalom and giant slalom.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 654]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070150-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Winter Olympics medal table, Highlights\nWim van der Voort from the Netherlands placed second in the 1,500\u00a0meter speed skating events and his countryman Kees Broekman placed second in the 5,000 and 10,000-meter races. These were the first-ever Dutch medals at the Winter Olympics. Great Britain's lone medal was won by Jeannette Altwegg, who became only the second British woman to win the ladies' figure skating competition. Dick Button and James Grogan of the United States won gold and bronze in the men's figure skating event. Button became the first figure skater to land a triple jump in competition when he performed the triple loop in the men's free skate program.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 676]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070150-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 Winter Olympics medal table, Highlights\nFinnish athletes won nine medals and three golds at the Games. They dominated the cross-country events, winning eight out of a possible twelve medals. A women's race was added to the cross-country program for the first time and Finnish skiers Lydia Wideman, Mirja Hietamies and Siiri Rantanen swept the event. Veikko Hakulinen won the 50-kilometer men's race to begin an Olympic career that would culminate in seven medals, three of them gold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070150-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 Winter Olympics medal table, Highlights\nThe ice hockey tournament was won by Canada. Their gold medal game against the United States ended in a tie, and  International rules at the time did not allow for overtime, so the gold medal was awarded to Canada on goal differential. Canada had won all but one Olympic hockey tournament thus far, but in 1956 the Soviet team entered the competition and ended Canadian dominance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 425]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070150-0008-0000", "contents": "1952 Winter Olympics medal table, Medal table\nThe medal table is based on information provided by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and is consistent with IOC convention in its published medal tables. By default, the table is ordered by the number of gold medals the athletes from a nation have won (in this context, a nation is an entity represented by a NOC). The number of silver medals is taken into consideration next and then the number of bronze medals. If nations are still tied, equal ranking is given and they are listed alphabetically.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 45], "content_span": [46, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070150-0009-0000", "contents": "1952 Winter Olympics medal table, Medal table\nThere was a tie for third place in the men's 500-metre event in speed skating, therefore two bronze medals were awarded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 45], "content_span": [46, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070151-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Winter Olympics torch relay\nThe 1952 Winter Olympics torch relay was the first time that a flame was transported as part of the build-up to the Winter Olympics. While similar to the inaugural Summer Olympics torch relay of 1936 the Olympic Flame did not start in Olympia, instead the relay began in Morgedal, Norway, the birthplace of competitive skiing. Indeed, the Norwegian Olympic Committee were keen to stress that this was not the traditional transfer of the Olympic flame but a separate event that symbolised the use of torches while skiing in the dark. It was not until the 1964 Winter Olympics that the relay could be said to transport a true Olympic flame originating from Olympia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 696]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070151-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Winter Olympics torch relay, Organization\nOlav S. Bjaaland, a teacher in Morgedal, proposed the idea of a cross-country ski relay from Morgedal to Oslo in 1948. The process was seen as a good way to mark the commencement of the Games. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) agreed that the relay could go ahead, including winning support from the IOC president, but that this relay would not carry the true Olympic flame as had been established as protocol in the Summer Games since 1936. Instead this torch was passed in the same way that Norwegian skiers historically did while travelling in the dark.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 46], "content_span": [47, 611]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070151-0001-0001", "contents": "1952 Winter Olympics torch relay, Organization\nOrganisational duties were given to the committee for decorations and ceremonies. The flame would not be lit in Olympia, and a location would be chosen that symbolised the birthplace of skiing and Winter events. Since the 1964 relay the process has changed to bring the relay in line with the Summer Olympics and to officially carry the Olympic flame. While there were attempts to give the \"Morgedal Flame\" the same significance as the Olympic flame the IOC have insisted that all Olympic Games should use the symbolic fire lit in Olympia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 46], "content_span": [47, 586]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070151-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Winter Olympics torch relay, Relay elements, Torch\nThe nine inch long torch was designed to cope with any weather condition that the relay team would face. Its cylindrical handle was topped off by a large, oval collar that depicted the Olympic rings, the year, and an arrow pointing from the start and end points of the relay (Morgedal and Oslo).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 55], "content_span": [56, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070151-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Winter Olympics torch relay, Relay elements, Torch-bearers\nA total of 94 renowned skiers or their descendants participated in the relay, the names of whom remained secret until they began their leg of the journey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 63], "content_span": [64, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070151-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Winter Olympics torch relay, Relay elements, Route\nThe relay began on 13 February at the Morgedal home of Sondre Norheim, a pioneer in competitive skiing. The location was chosen to celebrate the birthplace of skiing and the origins of such sporting events. In 1868 Norheim had skied from Morgedal to Oslo to compete in a skiing competition that was being hosted in the city.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 55], "content_span": [56, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070151-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 Winter Olympics torch relay, Relay elements, Route\nIt would be fitting for a person of high regard to start the relay. Olav Bjaaland, the grandfather of the man who proposed the relay, was a member of the 1911 South Pole expedition. He was given the honour of kindling the fire, and did so by lighting a pine torch in the hearth of Norheim's home. He then passed the flame to the first relay skier. The torch relay then followed the route that Norheim is believed to have taken to Oslo.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 55], "content_span": [56, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070151-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 Winter Olympics torch relay, Relay elements, Lighting of the cauldron\nThe final stretch of the relay to Bislett was undertaken by ski champion Lauritz Bergendahl on 15 February. On arrival at the Marathon Gate of the Stadium he passed the torch to the final torch-bearer, Eigil Nansen, grandson of explorer, winter event champion and Nobel Peace Prize-winning diplomat Fridtjof Nansen. Nansen skied with the torch around the snow embankment before walking up to and lighting the \"Olympic Altar\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 74], "content_span": [75, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070152-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Wisconsin Badgers football team\nThe 1952 Wisconsin Badgers football team represented the University of Wisconsin in the 1952 Big Ten Conference football season. The Badgers offense scored 228 points while the defense allowed 150 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070153-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Wisconsin gubernatorial election\nThe 1952 Wisconsin gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070153-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Wisconsin gubernatorial election\nIncumbent Republican Governor Walter J. Kohler Jr. defeated Democratic nominee William Proxmire with 62.50% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070154-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Wis\u0142a Krak\u00f3w season\nThe 1952 season was Wis\u0142a Krak\u00f3w's 44th year as a club. Wis\u0142a was under the name of Gwardia Krak\u00f3w.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070155-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Women's British Open Squash Championship\nThe 1952 Ladies Open Championships was held at the Lansdowne Club in London from 9 December 1951 \u2013 16 December 1951. Janet Morgan won her third consecutive title defeating Joan Curry once again in the final. The competition was held during 1951 but formed part of the 1951/1952 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070155-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Women's British Open Squash Championship, Seeds\nSheila Speight  M E Gowthorpe  A V M Isaac  Marjorie Townsend  Pat Gotla n\u00e9e Cowney  Rachel Byrne", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 52], "content_span": [53, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070156-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Women's Western Open\nThe 1952 Women's Western Open was a golf competition held at Skokie Country Club, the 23rd edition of the event. Betsy Rawls won the championship in match play competition by defeating Betty Jameson in the final match, 1 up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070157-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 World Archery Championships\nThe 1952 World Archery Championships was the 15th edition of the World Archery Championships. The event was held in Brussels, Belgium in July 1952 and was organised by World Archery Federation (FITA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070158-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 World Fencing Championships\nThe 1952 World Fencing Championships were held in Copenhagen, Denmark. The championships were for non-Olympic events only.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070159-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 World Figure Skating Championships\nThe World Figure Skating Championships is an annual figure skating competition sanctioned by the International Skating Union in which figure skaters compete for the title of World Champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070159-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 World Figure Skating Championships\nThe 1952 competitions for men, ladies, pair skating, and ice dancing took place from February 27 to March 1 in Paris, France. The World Championships in ice dancing were the first of its kind.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070160-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 World Professional Match-play Championship\nThe 1952 World Professional Match-play Championship was a  snooker tournament held from 12 November 1951 to 15 March 1952, with the final taking place at the Tower Circus in Blackpool, England. Fred Davis won his fourth World title by defeating Walter Donaldson by 38 frames to 35 in the final. Davis recorded the highest break of the tournament, 140, a new championship record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070160-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 World Professional Match-play Championship\nThe event was created following a dispute between the Professional Billiard Players' Association (PBPA) and the Billiards Association and Control Council (BACC). The BACC claimed that the championship was primarily about honour, and financial consideration should come behind this, whilst the PBPA members felt that the BACC was taking too large a share of the income from the events and established an alternative 'world championship' called the World Professional Match-play Championship, editions of which are now recognised as world championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070160-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 World Professional Match-play Championship, Background\nThe World Snooker Championship, established in 1927, is a professional tournament and the official world championship of the game of snooker. The sport was developed in the late 19th century by British Army soldiers stationed in India. Professional English billiards player and billiard hall manager Joe Davis noticed the increasing popularity of snooker compared to billiards in the 1920s, and with Birmingham-based billiards equipment manager Bill Camkin, persuaded the Billiards Association and Control Council (BACC) to recognise an official professional snooker championship in the 1926\u201327 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 59], "content_span": [60, 662]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070160-0002-0001", "contents": "1952 World Professional Match-play Championship, Background\nIn 1927, the final of the first professional snooker championship was held at Camkin's Hall; Davis won the tournament by beating Tom Dennis in the final. The annual competition was not titled the World Championship until 1935, but the 1927 tournament is now referred to as the first World Snooker Championship. Davis also won the title each year until 1940, when the contest was cancelled during World War II, and again when the championship resumed in 1946, accumulating a total of 15 titles before retiring from the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 59], "content_span": [60, 584]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070160-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 World Professional Match-play Championship, Background\nIn 1952, the World Professional Match-play Championship was created following a dispute between the Professional Billiards Players' Association (PBPA) and the BACC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 59], "content_span": [60, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070160-0003-0001", "contents": "1952 World Professional Match-play Championship, Background\nIn response to player complaints that the BACC was taking too large a percentage of income from the tournament, the BACC claimed that the championship \"has always been, and in theory is to be, regarded as an affair of honour and a test of merit\", and that \"every effort is made to arrange terms advantageous to the professionals competing in the championship, compatible with securing an equitable return for the promoters of it, the B.A.& C.C.\" The PBPA members established an alternative competition called the World Professional Match-play Championship, perceived in general as the genuine title competition, and now recognised as world championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 59], "content_span": [60, 714]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070160-0003-0002", "contents": "1952 World Professional Match-play Championship, Background\nOnly two of the leading professional players, Horace Lindrum and Clark McConachy, had declined to join the PBPA, and they were the only two entrants to the BACC's 1952 World Snooker Championship. Lindrum won their match, and therefore the title, 94-49 after dead frames. The other professionals at the time, with the exception of Joe Davis who had retired from world title competitions, entered the PBPA's tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 59], "content_span": [60, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070160-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 World Professional Match-play Championship, Background\nTen players entered the PBPA's first World Professional Match-play Championship. The two finalists in the 1951 World Snooker Championship, Fred Davis and Walter Donaldson, were given byes to the semi-final stage in opposite halves of the draw. The remaining eight played two rounds to determine the other two semi-finalists.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 59], "content_span": [60, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070160-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 World Professional Match-play Championship, Summary, First round\nSydney Lee withdrew, granting Kingsley Kennerley a walkover into the quarter-finals. Jackie Rea defeated Jim Lees 33\u201328, Albert Brown scored a 33\u201328 win over John Pulman, and Alec Brown had achieved a winning margin at 33\u201317 before his last day's play against Rex Williams, finishing at 39\u201322. Williams had turned professional in 1951, the first player since Pulman and Brown in 1946. Snooker historian Clive Everton wrote that Williams was \"hammered\" by Brown, and that this demonstrated the gulf in ability between the top amateurs and the professionals of the time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 69], "content_span": [70, 638]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070160-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 World Professional Match-play Championship, Summary, Quarter-finals\nKennerley took a 4\u20131 lead over Rea, who had won the first frame. At the end of the first day they were tied at 6\u20136. Rea then took ten of the next day's twelve frames to lead 16\u20138, and on subsequent days was 23\u201313, 25\u201317 and 29\u201319 ahead, eventually finishing the match at 35\u201326.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 72], "content_span": [73, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070160-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 World Professional Match-play Championship, Summary, Quarter-finals\nIn the other quarter-final match, Albert Brown won six of the nine frames against Alec Brown on the first day. He won the opening six frames on the second day, and finished that day 18\u20136 ahead, maintaining a six frame lead at the end of the next day, which ended with him leading 24\u201312. Alec Brown reduced the deficit on the fourth day by winning eight of the twelve frames played, meaning Albert Brown led 28\u201320 going in to the last day. Albert Brown achieved a certain win at 31\u201322, and after the remaining scheduled frames were played, he was 36\u201325 ahead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 72], "content_span": [73, 631]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070160-0008-0000", "contents": "1952 World Professional Match-play Championship, Summary, Semi-finals\nThe first semi-final, between Walter Donaldson and Albert Brown, was played in Scunthorpe from 21 to 25 January 1952. Donaldson held a 21\u201315 lead after three days. However, Brown reduced Donaldson's lead to two frames on the fourth day and the match ended 31\u201330.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 69], "content_span": [70, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070160-0009-0000", "contents": "1952 World Professional Match-play Championship, Summary, Semi-finals\nThe second semi-final, between Fred Davis and Jackie Rea, was played at Wellington, Shropshire from 4 to 9 February 1952. After four days Davis led 29\u201311. Davis took a winning 34\u201316 lead on the fifth day and eventually won 38\u201323.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 69], "content_span": [70, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070160-0010-0000", "contents": "1952 World Professional Match-play Championship, Summary, Final\nThe final started on 10 March 1952 and continued until 15 March. In advance of the match, Davis and Donaldson issued a challenge to Horace Lindrum, who had effectively won the BACC-recognised 1952 World Snooker Championship by taking an insurmountable lead on 6 March, that the winner of their match would play him for \u00a3500 and gate receipts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 63], "content_span": [64, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070160-0011-0000", "contents": "1952 World Professional Match-play Championship, Summary, Final\nIn the World Professional Match-play final, Davis won six of the eight frames in their first session, and each player won four frames in the second session, leaving the score at 7\u20135 to Davis after the first day. Donaldson had compiled a break of 104. Donaldson recorded another century break, 106, in the twentieth frame, but Davis increased his lead over Donaldson to 14\u201310 by the end of the second day. On the third day, Davis achieved a break of 140, a new world championship record, and Donaldson made a 111. Davis finished the day 21\u201315 ahead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 63], "content_span": [64, 612]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070160-0011-0001", "contents": "1952 World Professional Match-play Championship, Summary, Final\nAfter another day's play, Davis was 29\u201319 ahead, Donaldson won eight of the next twelve frames to reduce his arrears to six frames at 27\u201333. Davis won the title, finishing the last day at 38\u201335 after achieving a winning margin at 37\u201330. Davis was trailing by 8 points to 66 in the 67th frame, but compiled a clearance of 67 to take the frame and secure victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 63], "content_span": [64, 425]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070160-0012-0000", "contents": "1952 World Professional Match-play Championship, Main draw\nThe result for the tournament are shown below. Players in bold denote match winners.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 58], "content_span": [59, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070161-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 World Series\nThe 1952 World Series featured the 3-time defending champions New York Yankees beating the Brooklyn Dodgers in seven games. The Yankees won their 4th consecutive title, tying the mark they set in 1936\u20131939 under manager Joe McCarthy, and Casey Stengel became the second manager in Major League history with 4 consecutive World Series championships. This was the Yankees' 15th World Series championship win, and the 3rd time they defeated the Dodgers in 6 years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070161-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 World Series\nIn Game\u00a07, the Yankees' second baseman Billy Martin made a great catch, preserving the Yankees' two-run lead. Also, the home run hit by Mickey Mantle during the 8th inning of Game\u00a06 was significant because it was the first of his record 18 career World Series home runs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070161-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 World Series, Summary\nAL New York Yankees (4) vs. NL Brooklyn Dodgers (3)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 26], "content_span": [27, 78]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070161-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 World Series, Matchups\nIn 1952 the Dodgers, led by manager Chuck Dressen, paced the NL in runs scored (775), home runs (153) and stolen bases (90). Duke Snider, Jackie Robinson and George Shuba batted over .300, while Roy Campanella (97) and Gil Hodges (102) paced the team in RBIs. The Dodgers had no dominant pitchers with Carl Erskine (2062\u20443) the lone pitcher with over 200 innings and rookie Joe Black leading the team with 15 wins. Manager Dressen used 14 starting pitchers on the year, but as a unit, the pitchers combined to finish second in the NL in team ERA. Defensively, the Dodgers led the NL with a .982 fielding percentage, and Campanella gunned down 29 of 52 (56%) would-be base stealers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 27], "content_span": [28, 709]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070161-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 World Series, Matchups\nThe Yankees, led by the effusive Casey Stengel, recovered from the retirement of Joe DiMaggio, and the loss of Bobby Brown, Jerry Coleman and Tom Morgan to the service. The Yankees matched the Dodgers in hitting as they finished first or second in the AL in runs scored, home runs, batting average, and slugging percentage. Mickey Mantle had a breakout season leading the Yankees in batting (.311), and slugging (.530). Yogi Berra led the Yanks in runs (97), HRs (30) and RBIs (98). The Yankees had a pitching staff that led the AL in ERA (3.14).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 27], "content_span": [28, 574]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070161-0004-0001", "contents": "1952 World Series, Matchups\nAllie Reynolds led the team with 20 wins and led the league with 2.08 ERA. Casey Stengel rotated his pitchers all year with seven having at least 12 starts, but none working more than 35 games. Defensive standout Phil Rizzuto led AL shortstops with 458 assists and made only 19 errors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 27], "content_span": [28, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070161-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 World Series, Matchups, Game 1\nJoe Black pitched a complete game and became the first African-American pitcher to win a World Series game. Jackie Robinson's lead off home run in the second off of Allie Reynolds put the Dodgers up 1\u20130, but Gil McDougald tied the game with a lead off home run of his own in the third. Duke Snider's two-run home run in the sixth put the Dodgers back in front 3\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070161-0005-0001", "contents": "1952 World Series, Matchups, Game 1\nThe Yankees cut the lead to 3\u20132 on a Gene Woodling triple and Hank Bauer sacrifice fly in the top of the eighth, but Pee Wee Reese gave the Dodgers that run back with a two-out home run in the eighth off of Ray Scarborough as Brooklyn won 4\u20132 to take a 1\u20130 series lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070161-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 World Series, Matchups, Game 2\nVic Raschi's complete-game three-hitter and nine strikeouts dominated this game. He was behind 1\u20130 after a Roy Campanella RBI single in the third, but the Yankees in the fourth tied it when Mickey Mantle doubled, took third on a groundout and scored on a Yogi Berra sacrifice fly off of Carl Erskine. Next inning, Gil McDougald drew a leadoff walk, stole second and scored on Billy Martin's single to put the Yankees up 2\u20131. A five-run Yankee sixth broke it open. Two singles and a walk loaded the bases before Billy Loes relieved Erskine and allowed an RBI groundout to Joe Collins, RBI single to McDougald, and three-run home run to Martin to put the Yankees up 7\u20131. The series was tied 1\u20131 shifting to the Bronx.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 751]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070161-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 World Series, Matchups, Game 3\nIn Game 3, the Yankees struck first in the second on Eddie Lopat's RBI single with two on off of Preacher Roe, but the Dodgers tied the game off of Lopat in the third on Jackie Robinson's sacrifice fly with two on. In the fifth, Billy Cox singled, moved to second on a sacrifice bunt and scored on Pee Wee Reese's RBI single. In the eighth, after two leadoff singles, Andy Pafko's sacrifice fly made it 3\u20131 Dodgers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070161-0007-0001", "contents": "1952 World Series, Matchups, Game 3\nYogi Berra's home run in the bottom of the inning cut the lead to 3\u20132, but in the ninth, Reese and Robinson singled, then (after Lopat was relieved by Tom Gorman) did a double steal. A passed ball allowed both to score to make it 5\u20132 Dodgers. Johnny Mize's home run in the bottom of the inning made it 5\u20133 Dodgers, but Roe retired the next two men to end the game and give the Dodgers a 2\u20131 series lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070161-0008-0000", "contents": "1952 World Series, Matchups, Game 4\nIn Game 4, the score was 1\u20130 in the eighth, a Johnny Mize home run in the fourth off of Joe Black being the difference, when Dodgers reliever Johnny Rutherford came into the game. The first batter he faced was Mickey Mantle, who tripled to deep left-center, then kept coming home when the throw to third got away, scoring a key insurance run for the Yankees. Both sides got just four hits in the contest. Allie Reynolds pitched a complete game shutout as the Yankees 2\u20130 win tied the series at two games apiece.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070161-0009-0000", "contents": "1952 World Series, Matchups, Game 5\nThe Dodgers struck first in the second off of Ewell Blackwell on Andy Pafko's RBI single with two on. In the fourth, with runners on second and third, Pee Wee Reese's sacrifice fly made it 2\u20130 Dodgers, then Duke Snider's two-run home run extended their lead to 4\u20130. Carl Erskine pitched four shutout innings before the Yankees torched him in the fifth. After a walk and single, Irv Noren's RBI single and Gil McDougald's forceout scored a run each. After a single and pop out, Johnny Mize's three-run home run put the Yankees ahead 5\u20134.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070161-0009-0001", "contents": "1952 World Series, Matchups, Game 5\nIn the seventh, Billy Cox singled, moved to second on a sacrifice bunt, and scored on Snider's RBI single, tying the game off of Johnny Sain. The game went into extra innings and in the top of the 11th, Billy Cox got his third hit of the game, moved up on a Pee Wee Reese hit and scored on Duke Snider's double off reliever Johnny Sain for what turned out to be the winning run. Erskine pitched all 11 innings for Brooklyn, retiring the last 19 batters he faced, closing it out by retiring future Hall of Famers Mickey Mantle, Johnny Mize and Yogi Berra 1-2-3. The Dodgers were one win away from a championship as the series returned to Brooklyn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 682]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070161-0010-0000", "contents": "1952 World Series, Matchups, Game 6\nIn Game\u00a06, with a 3\u20132 Series lead and the final two at Ebbets Field, the Dodgers looked to chase away the demons of 1951. Billy Loes (13\u20138) faced Vic Raschi (16\u20136). Dodger Manager Chuck Dressen made a curious lineup change with George Shuba batting fifth, replacing Andy Pafko. Dressen placed Roy Campanella in the sixth spot and left Gil Hodges to bat seventh.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070161-0011-0000", "contents": "1952 World Series, Matchups, Game 6\nIn the Dodger half of the first inning, with Duke Snider on second and Jackie Robinson on first, Shuba grounded out to Billy Martin to end the inning. In the Yankee fourth, Yogi Berra reached second base when Pee Wee Reese uncorked a wild throw on a double-play attempt, but the Yankees could not capitalize. In the fifth inning, the Dodgers turned a remarkable double play. Yankee Irv Noren led off with a single, followed by a Vic Raschi bunt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070161-0011-0001", "contents": "1952 World Series, Matchups, Game 6\nGil Hodges picked up the bunt, turned and fired to Reese at second, who in lightning succession fired to Robinson covering first just in time to retire Raschi. In the Dodger sixth, Snider sent Raschi's first pitch over the 40 feet (12\u00a0m) of screen in back of right field and onto Bedford Avenue for 1\u20130 lead. In the top of the seventh, Yogi Berra matched Snider's home run with one of his own, again onto Bedford Avenue. Gene Woodling followed with a single and Dodger pitcher Billy Loes balked him to second.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070161-0011-0002", "contents": "1952 World Series, Matchups, Game 6\nRaschi then made up for his bunt-turned-double-play by getting a hit, literally off Loes. The ball ricocheted off Loes and into right field bringing Woodling home for a 2\u20131 lead. In another curious move Dressen allowed pitcher Billy Loes to hit for himself in the seventh. Loes singled and promptly stole second. But Raschi struck out Billy Cox to end the inning. Mantle led off the Yankee eighth inning with the first of his 18 World Series home runs. Mantle's shot set a record for home runs by one team and for both teams in a single Series at 13.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 586]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070161-0011-0003", "contents": "1952 World Series, Matchups, Game 6\nSnider continued the home run fest by launching another one in the bottom of the eighth. Jackie Robinson then sent left fielder Gene Woodling to the wall for an out and Shuba doubled to send Raschi to the showers. Allie Reynolds relieved and quickly ended the Dodger eighth. Reynolds, known as \"The Chief\", again made quick work of the Dodgers in the ninth including striking out Rocky Nelson, who had pinch-hit for Hodges, preserving the 3\u20132 win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070161-0012-0000", "contents": "1952 World Series, Matchups, Game 7\nGame\u00a07 pitted Joe Black (15\u20134) vs Eddie Lopat (10\u20135). Black, who came out of the Negro leagues and was not even on the Dodgers spring training roster, had already pitched a complete game win in Game\u00a01 of the Series, pitched seven innings in a 2\u20130 loss in Game\u00a04 and would be starting his third game in seven days. At that time there were no days off between games as both teams played in New York. For the Yankees, Billy Martin continued his solid play. Martin sat on the bench for most of the season's first two months and took over second base duties when Casey Stengel moved Gil McDougald from second to third base to replace military-bound Bobby Brown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 692]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070161-0013-0000", "contents": "1952 World Series, Matchups, Game 7\nPhil Rizzuto led off the Yankee fourth with a double and Johnny Mize singled him home for a 1\u20130 lead. In the Dodger fourth, a single by Duke Snider followed by two consecutive sacrifice attempts by Jackie Robinson and Roy Campanella, intended to move runners over, loaded the bases instead. Allie Reynolds replaced Lopat and retired Gil Hodges with a fly to left that scored Snider. Reynolds struck out George Shuba, then induced Carl Furillo to ground out, leaving Robinson at third and the game tied 1\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070161-0013-0001", "contents": "1952 World Series, Matchups, Game 7\nIn the fifth inning, Gene Woodling homered for the Yankees, and the Dodgers' Billy Cox doubled followed by a Pee Wee Reese single tied the game at 2\u20132. Mickey Mantle demonstrated his penchant for coming up big in World Series play with a home run in the sixth inning and RBI single in the seventh (off of Preacher Roe) to give the Bronx Bombers a 4\u20132 lead. The Brooklyn boys loaded the bases again in the seventh, when Vic Raschi walked Furillo, Cox singled and Reese walked.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070161-0013-0002", "contents": "1952 World Series, Matchups, Game 7\nStengel called on Bob Kuzava, who retired Snider, setting the stage for Billy Martin. With two out and the runners moving, Jackie Robinson popped-up to the right of the mound. Kuzava hesitated, looking to his fielders. Martin charged hard from his position deep at second and caught the ball off his shoetops, to end the inning and save as many as 3 runs. Kuzava then quickly put the Dodgers down in the eighth and ninth to give the Yankees their fourth consecutive World Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070161-0014-0000", "contents": "1952 World Series, Matchups, Game 7\nThe Yankees batted .216 and the Dodgers only .215 in this tightly contested series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070161-0015-0000", "contents": "1952 World Series, Composite line score\n1952 World Series (4\u20133): New York Yankees (A.L.) over Brooklyn Dodgers (N.L.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 39], "content_span": [40, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070162-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 World Snooker Championship\nThe 1952 World Snooker Championship was a snooker tournament held between 25 February and 8 March 1952 at Houldsworth Hall, in Manchester, England. The event featured only two entrants \u2013 Australian Horace Lindrum and New Zealander Clark McConachy. Due to a dispute between the Professional Billiards Players' Association (PBPA) and the Billiards Association and Control Council (BACC), most players withdrew from the event. The BACC thought the championship was primarily about honour, and financial consideration should come second, whilst the PBPA disagreed. The PBPA established an alternative 'world championship' called the PBPA Snooker Championship which would later become the official world championship as the World Professional Match-play Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 794]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070162-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 World Snooker Championship\nThe competition was played as one continual match, held over 145 frames. Lindrum won the match, taking a winning 73\u201337 lead early on the 10th day and won 94\u201349. In winning the event, Lindrum became the first player from outside the British Isles to gain victory in the tournament, and the only one of two players to do so, with Neil Robertson in 2010. The status of the event is debated, with some historians only counting Robertson's win due to the field of just two players.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070162-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 World Snooker Championship, Background\nThe World Snooker Championship is an annual cue sport tournament and is the official world championship of the game of snooker. The first world championship in 1927, held in Camkin's Hall, Birmingham, England, was won by Joe Davis. Due to a dispute between the Professional Billiards Players' Association (PBPA) and the organisers for the event, the Billiards Association and Control Council (BACC), most players withdrew. The BACC thought the championship was primarily about honour, and financial consideration should come second, whilst the PBPA disagreed. The PBPA went on to create the World Professional Match-play Championship, where the remaining players would take part, and would be retroactively given status as the world championship for following years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 810]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070162-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 World Snooker Championship, Background\nWith just two participants remaining \u2013 Horace Lindrum and Clark McConachy \u2013 the tournament was contested over a single match. The pair met in a best of 145 frame match, held between 25 February and 8 March 1952 at the Houldsworth Hall in Manchester, England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070162-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 World Snooker Championship, Background\nMcConachy had played in the 1951/1952 News of the World Snooker Tournament from September 1951 to January 1952. This was an annual round-robin handicap tournament played by the leading professionals. McConachy was defeated in each of the eight games he played in and winning an average of 11 frames in each 37-frame match. He also lost all three matches he played on level terms, 10\u201327 to Albert Brown, 8\u201329 to John Pulman, and 11\u201326 to Sidney Smith. He lost 11\u201326 to Joe Davis, despite receiving a 21-point start in each frame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070162-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 World Snooker Championship, Background\nOn 19 February, the Tuesday before the final, McConachy had scored one of the early snooker maximum breaks in a practice frame at the Beaufort Club in London. An official of the BACC later examined the table and found it slightly over the standard size and so the break was not accepted as official. At the time, Joe Davis held the record for the highest official break of 146. Lindrum did not play in the News of the World tournament. His last competitive tournament was the 1951 World Snooker Championship, in which he had lost to Walter Donaldson in the semi-final, trailing 25\u201336 on the final day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 645]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070162-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 World Snooker Championship, Summary\nWith the score tied at 6\u20136 after the first day, Lindrum won eight of the next twelve frames to lead 14\u201310 after the second day's play. This lead extended to 22\u201314 after the third day. All 12 frames were shared on day four, with each player winning six, but Lindrum still led 28\u201320. The fifth day saw featured Lindrum extend his lead to 38\u201322 after day five, winning ten of the twelve frames played. Lindrum led 44\u201328 at the end of the first full week of play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 40], "content_span": [41, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070162-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 World Snooker Championship, Summary\nLindrum won eight frames on the eighth day of play to lead 52\u201332, before winning nine frames the following day to leave him 61\u201335 ahead. With the score required for victory being 73 frames, Lindrum won 10 frames on 5 March to lead 71\u201337, needing just two of the remaining 37 frames for victory. Lindrum won the first two frames to reach a winning 73\u201337 position on 6 March. The remaining 35 dead frames were due to be played, although in the end only a total of 143 frames were played, Lindrum winning 94\u201349. Lindrum became the first player from outside the British Isles to win the World Championship, and would remain the only one until compatriot Neil Robertson won the event in 2010.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 40], "content_span": [41, 728]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070163-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 World Table Tennis Championships\nThe 1952 World Table Tennis Championships were held in Bombay from February 1 to February 10, 1952.The 1952 World Championships were marked by the arrival of the Japanese as a Table Tennis force on the world scene. In another first the Chief Referee of the tournament was an Indian,  Professor Arakalgud Subbarao.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070163-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 World Table Tennis Championships\nIndia was chosen as the hosts for the event in March 1950 at the Congress of the International Table Tennis Federation in Budapest, Hungary. Because the Championships were held in India the entry was reduced. Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Austria and Sweden were all unable to travel to the tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070164-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Doubles\nThe 1952 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Doubles was the 19th edition of the men's doubles championship. Norikazu Fujii and Tadaki Hayashi won the title after defeating Richard Bergmann and Johnny Leach in the final by three sets to two.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070165-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nThe 1952 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Singles was the 19th edition of the men's singles championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070165-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nHiroji Satoh defeated J\u00f3zsef K\u00f3czi\u00e1n in the final, winning three sets to nil to secure the title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070166-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Team\nThe 1952 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Swaythling Cup (Men's Team) was the 19th edition of the men's team championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070166-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Team\nHungary won the gold medal defeating England 5-4 in the final. Japan and Hong Kong won a bronze medal after finishing second in their respective groups.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070166-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Team, Final\n+ Simons picked up an injury during the game against K\u00f3czi\u00e1n and had to concede the match against Sid\u00f3. With the match at 4-4, he had no choice but to play his third match with the injury.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 57], "content_span": [58, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070167-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Mixed Doubles\nThe 1952 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Mixed Doubles was the 19th edition of the mixed doubles championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070167-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Mixed Doubles\nFerenc Sid\u00f3 and Angelica Rozeanu defeated Johnny Leach and Diane Rowe in the final by three sets to nil.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070168-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Women's Doubles\nThe 1952 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Women's Doubles was the 18st edition of the women's doubles championship. Shizuki Narahara and Tomie Nishimura defeated Diane Rowe and Rosalind Rowe in the final by three sets to nil.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070169-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Women's Singles\nThe 1952 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Women's Singles was the 19th edition of the women's singles championship. Angelica Rozeanu defeated Gizi Farkas in the final by three sets to two, to win a third consecutive title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070170-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Women's Team\nThe 1952 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Corbillon Cup (Women's Team) was the 12th edition of the women's team championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070170-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Women's Team\nJapan won the gold medal after finishing with a 6-0 match record. Romania claimed the silver medal and England won the bronze medal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070171-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Wycombe by-election\nThe Wycombe by-election of 4 November 1952 was held after Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) Hon. William Astor succeeded to the peerage. The seat was retained by the Conservative candidate John Hall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070172-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Wyoming Cowboys football team\nThe 1952 Wyoming Cowboys football team represented the University of Wyoming in the Skyline Conference during the 1952 college football season. In their sixth and final season under head coach Bowden Wyatt, the Cowboys compiled a 5\u20134 record (4\u20133 against Skyline opponents), finished fourth in the conference, and outscored all opponents by a total of 114 to 102.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070172-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Wyoming Cowboys football team\nIn January 1953, Bowden Wyatt resigned as Wyoming's head football coach to accept the same post at the University of Arkansas. In six years at Wyoming, Wyatt compiled a 39\u201317\u20131 record. He was posthumously inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1997.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070173-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Wyoming state elections\nA general election was held in the U.S. state of Wyoming on Tuesday, November 4, 1952. Two statewide elections were held: a special election for Wyoming State Treasurer following the death of incumbent Treasurer J. Roy Mitchell, and an election for a seat on the Supreme Court of Wyoming. Incumbent Treasurer Minnie A. Mitchell, who had been appointed to succeed her husband by Governor Frank A. Barrett, won the election to serve the balance of her husband's term, and Justice Harry P. Ilsley was unopposed for re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070173-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Wyoming state elections, Treasurer\nOn May 6, 1952, incumbent Republican State Treasurer J. Roy Mitchell, who had just been elected to his post in 1950, died in office. On May 13, Governor Barrett announced that he was appointing Minnie A. Mitchell as her husband's successor, making her the state's first woman to serve as State Treasurer. Following Mitchell's death, a special election was held to fill the balance of his term. In accepting the appointment as Treasurer, Minnie Mitchell agreed to run in the special election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 39], "content_span": [40, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070173-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Wyoming state elections, Treasurer, Democratic primary\nNo Democratic candidates filed to run for State Treasurer, but the Wyoming Democratic Party organized a write-in campaign for John Bentley, an insurance broker in Sheridan. In the primary election, the write-in campaign succeeded in getting Bentley 1,789 votes, enough to earn him the nomination, which he accepted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 59], "content_span": [60, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070173-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 Wyoming state elections, Supreme Court of Wyoming\nOn December 7, 1951, Justice Ralph Kimball of the Supreme Court of Wyoming announced that he would step down from the court effective January 7, 1952. A week later, on December 14, Governor Frank A. Barrett announced that he would appoint Judge Harry P. Ilsley of the Sixth Judicial District Court to fill the balance of Kimball's term, which expired on January 5, 1953. Ilsley announced that he would seek re-election to the Court on May 15, 1952,", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 54], "content_span": [55, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070173-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 Wyoming state elections, Supreme Court of Wyoming\nWhen no candidates filed to run against him, Ilsley won re-election unopposed, receiving 100% of the votes cast in the August primary and in the November general election. However, several weeks into Ilsley's first full term in office, he died, and was succeeded by Justice Harry Harnsberger.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 54], "content_span": [55, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070174-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Yale Bulldogs football team\nThe 1952 Yale Bulldogs football team represented Yale University in the 1952 college football season. The Bulldogs were led by first-year head coach Jordan Olivar, played their home games at the Yale Bowl and finished the season with a 7\u20132 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070175-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Yugoslav Cup\nThe 1952 Yugoslav Cup was the 6th season of the top football knockout competition in SFR Yugoslavia, the Yugoslav Cup (Serbo-Croatian: Kup Jugoslavije), also known as the \"Marshal Tito Cup\" (Kup Mar\u0161ala Tita), since its establishment in 1946.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070175-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Yugoslav Cup, Finals\nCrvena Zvezda: Srboljub Krivoku\u0107a, Branko Stankovi\u0107, Miljan Zekovi\u0107, Sini\u0161a Zlatkovi\u0107, Milorad Diski\u0107, Predrag \u0110aji\u0107, Kosta Toma\u0161evi\u0107, Rajko Miti\u0107, Tihomir Ognjanov, Todor \u017divanovi\u0107, Branislav Vukosavljevi\u0107", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 25], "content_span": [26, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070175-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Yugoslav Cup, Finals\nPartizan: Slavko Stojanovi\u0107, Bruno Belin, Ratko \u010coli\u0107, Zlatko \u010cajkovski, Vojo Stefanovi\u0107, Miodrag Jovanovi\u0107, Marko Valok, Todor Veselinovi\u0107, Stjepan Bobek, Aleksandar Atanackovi\u0107, Branko Zebec", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 25], "content_span": [26, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070176-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Yugoslav First Basketball League\nThe 1952 Yugoslav First Basketball League season is the 8th season of the Yugoslav First Basketball League, the highest professional basketball league in SFR Yugoslavia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070177-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Yugoslav First League\nThe First Federal League of Yugoslavia's 1952 season (colloquially the Yugoslav First League) was shortened and sped-up. It was completed over a period of little more than three and a half months, beginning on 2 March 1952 and finishing on 22 June 1952. The reason for the changes was a desire to start the next season in the fall of 1952, thus implementing the fall-spring format that had become a norm all across Europe by this time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070177-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Yugoslav First League\nThe clubs were initially divided into two groups of six teams each, where everyone within a given group played each other twice (home and away).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070177-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Yugoslav First League\nThen, according to the placement in  these preliminary groups, three new groups were formed:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070178-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Yugoslav Second League\nThe 1952 Yugoslav Second League season would be the 6th season of the Second Federal League (Serbo-Croatian: Druga savezna liga), the second level association football competition of SFR Yugoslavia, since its establishment in 1946. It was cancelled before the start of the competition and the clubs were relocated to third level.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070178-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 Yugoslav Second League, Teams\nA total of twelve teams were supposed to contest the league, including nine sides from the 1951 season, two clubs relegated from the 1951 Yugoslav First League and one side promoted from the third tier leagues played in the 1951 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 34], "content_span": [35, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070178-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 Yugoslav Second League, Teams\nSpartak Subotica and Napredak Kru\u0161evac were relegated from the 1951 Yugoslav First League after finishing in the 11th and 12th place of the league table. Rudar Trbovlje and Sloga Rankovi\u0107evo secured their status after additional play-off.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 34], "content_span": [35, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070179-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Yugoslav Women's Basketball League\nThe 1952 Yugoslav Women's Basketball League is the 8th season of the Yugoslav Women's Basketball League, the highest professional basketball league in Yugoslavia for women's. Championships is played in 1952 and played four teams. Champion for this season is Crvena zvezda.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070180-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 Yukon general election\nThe 1952 Yukon general election was held on 20 August 1952 to elect the five members of the Yukon Territorial Council. The council was non-partisan, and worked on the basis of consensus government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070181-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 college football season\nThe 1952 college football season ended with the unbeaten Michigan State Spartans (9\u20130) and Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets (12\u20130) each claiming a national championship from different polls. Michigan State finished first according to two of the \"wire service\" (AP and UP) polls, which both placed Georgia Tech second. Georgia Tech was first in the (Hearst chain) International News Service poll. UP and INS merged in 1958 to form UPI.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 458]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070181-0000-0001", "contents": "1952 college football season\nAlthough the Spartans became members of the Big Ten Conference in 1950, full participation did not come until 1953, and under the terms of their entry into the conference, they were not allowed to participate in postseason play. Georgia Tech won the Sugar Bowl on New Year's Day in New Orleans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070181-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 college football season, September\nSeptember 20 Maryland won at Missouri 13\u201310, and Texas won at LSU 35\u201314. In the preseason poll released on September 22, 1952, the Michigan State Spartans were rated first, followed by the Maryland Terrapins. Maryland actually had more first place votes 79 to 77, but MSU had an edge on points, 1720\u20131696. The remainder of the Top Five was No. 3 Georgia Tech (which beat The Citadel 54\u20136), No. 4 Oklahoma and No. 5 Illinois. Defending champion Tennessee was 6th. As the regular season progressed, a new poll would be issued on the Monday following the weekend's games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 39], "content_span": [40, 608]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070181-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 college football season, September\nOn September 27 No. 1 Michigan State won at Michigan, 27\u201313. No. 2 Maryland beat Auburn 13\u20137 in BirminghamNo. 3 Georgia Tech narrowly beat Florida 17\u201314 and fell to 6th place in the next poll. No. 4 Oklahoma visited Colorado and was tied, 21\u201321. No. 5 Illinois, which beat Iowa State 33\u20137, rose to second place in the next poll. No. 8 California, which was 2\u20130\u20130 after a 28\u201314 win over Missouri, and No. 11 Texas (which had won at North Carolina 28\u20137), took their places. The poll: 1.Michigan State 2.Illinois 3.Maryland 4.California 5.Texas", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 39], "content_span": [40, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070181-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 college football season, October\nOctober 4 No. 1 Michigan State narrowly defeated Oregon State 17\u201314 at Portland. No. 2 Illinois lost at No. 8 Wisconsin, 20\u20136, and would end up finishing 1952 with a losing (4\u20135\u20130) record. Meanwhile, the Wisconsin Badgers were catapulted to first place in the next poll. No. 3 Maryland beat Clemson 28\u20130. No. 4 California won at Minnesota, 49\u201313. No. 6 Georgia Tech, which beat SMU 20\u20137 in Dallas, returned to the Top Five: 1.Wisconsin 2.Michigan State 3.California 4.Maryland 5. Georgia Tech", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070181-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 college football season, October\nOctober 11  The new No. 1, Wisconsin, lost at Columbus to unranked Ohio State, 23\u201314. No. 2 Michigan State beat visiting Texas A&M 48\u20136. No. 3 California beat Oregon at Portland, 41\u20137. No. 4 Maryland won at Georgia, 37\u20130. No. 5 Georgia Tech beat Tulane 14\u20130. No. 6 Duke, which won at South Carolina 33\u20137, was fifth in the next poll:  1.Michigan State 2.Maryland 3.California 4. Georgia Tech 5.Duke", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070181-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 college football season, October\nOctober 18 No. 1 Michigan State beat visiting Syracuse 48\u20137. No. 2 Maryland beat Navy 38\u20137. No. 3 California beat Santa Clara 27\u20137. No. 4 Georgia Tech beat Auburn 33\u20130. No. 5 Duke won at N.C. State, 57\u20130, but was still bounced out of the top five. No. 6 Oklahoma, which had won at No. 8 Kansas 42\u201320, was third in the next poll: 1.Michigan State 2.Maryland 3.Oklahoma 4.California 5.Georgia Tech", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070181-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 college football season, October\nOctober 25 No. 1 Michigan State beat No. 17 Penn State 34\u20137. No. 2 Maryland beat LSU 34\u20136. No. 3 Oklahoma beat Kansas State 49\u20136. In Los Angeles, a matchup of unbeaten teams pitted No. 4 California (5\u20130\u20130) against the 5\u20130\u20130 and No. 7 USC Trojans. USC won 10\u20130. Cal would lose this and the next two games after its perfect start. No. 5 Georgia Tech beat Vanderbilt 30\u20130. The poll: 1.Michigan State 2.Maryland 3.Oklahoma 4.Georgia Tech 5.USC", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070181-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 college football season, November\nNovember 1 No. 1 Michigan State narrowly won at No. 8 Purdue, 14\u20137. No. 2 Maryland won at Boston University, 34\u20137. No. 3 Oklahoma won at Iowa State 41\u20130. No. 4 Georgia Tech (6\u20130\u20130) faced unbeaten No. 6 Duke (also 6\u20130\u20130) and won 28\u20137. No. 5 USC was idle, and its place was taken by No. 7 UCLA, which handed No. 11 California a 28\u20137 defeat. The poll: 1.Michigan State 2.Maryland 3.Georgia Tech 4.Oklahoma 5.UCLA", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070181-0008-0000", "contents": "1952 college football season, November\nNovember 8 No. 1 Michigan State won at Indiana 41\u201314. No. 2 Maryland was idle. No. 3 Georgia Tech beat Army 45\u20136. No. 4 Oklahoma lost at No. 10 Notre Dame, 27\u201321, and dropped back out of the Top Five. No. 5 UCLA beat visiting Oregon State 57\u20130. No. 6 USC rose to fifth after a 54\u20137 win at Stanford. The poll: 1.Michigan State 2.Georgia Tech 3. Maryland 4.UCLA 5.USC", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070181-0009-0000", "contents": "1952 college football season, November\nNovember 15 Unbeaten No. 1 Michigan State hosted once-beaten (5\u20131\u20131) No. 6 Notre Dame and won 21\u20133. In Atlanta, unbeaten (8\u20130\u20130) No . 2 Georgia Tech faced once-beaten (7\u20131\u20130) No. 12 Alabama and won, 7\u20133. And on the road, unbeaten (7\u20130\u20130) No. 3 Maryland lost at unbeaten (6\u20130\u20132) No. 11 Mississippi, 21\u201314. No. 4 UCLA was idle. No. 5 USC beat No. 17 Washington 33\u20130. No. 8 Oklahoma, which had beaten Missouri 47\u20137, returned to the Top Five. The poll: 1.Michigan State 2.Georgia Tech 3.UCLA 4.USC 5.Oklahoma", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 543]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070181-0010-0000", "contents": "1952 college football season, November\nNovember 22 No. 1 Michigan State won 62\u201313 over Marquette to close its season unbeaten. No. 2 Georgia Tech stayed unbeaten as it beat Florida State 30\u20130. Both unbeaten, No. 3 UCLA (8\u20130\u20130) and No. 4 USC (8\u20130\u20130) met in Los Angeles, with USC winning 14\u201312 to take the crown of the Pacific Coast Conference and a trip to the Rose Bowl. No. 5 Oklahoma beat Nebraska 34\u201313. The new poll:  1.Michigan State 2.USC 3.Georgia Tech 4.Oklahoma 5.UCLA", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070181-0011-0000", "contents": "1952 college football season, November\nNovember 29 No. 1 Michigan State had closed its season. No. 2 USC hosted No. 7 Notre Dame and lost 9\u20130. No. 3 Georgia Tech finished its season unbeaten (11\u20130\u20130) and was invited to the Sugar Bowl to face unbeaten, but twice tied (8\u20130\u20132) and No. 6 Mississippi. No. 4 Oklahoma closed its season at Oklahoma State, winning 54\u20137 to finish 8\u20131\u20131. In the Final AP poll, released December 1, No. 1 Michigan State was the champion, followed by No. 2 Georgia Tech, No. 3 Notre Dame, No. 4 Oklahoma, and No. 5 USC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070181-0012-0000", "contents": "1952 college football season, Bowl games\nAs late as 1952, many colleges, and some football conferences, did not participate in postseason bowl games. No. 1 Michigan State had joined the Big Ten conference in 1950 for football, but as part of the terms of membership, was ineligible to play in a bowl game until the 1953 season. No. 3 Notre Dame had a policy against playing in postseason games. No. 4 Oklahoma was a member of the Big 7 conference (which later, as the Big 8 and Big 12, would send its best team to the Orange Bowl), and that conference banned post-season games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 40], "content_span": [41, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070181-0012-0001", "contents": "1952 college football season, Bowl games\nThe Oklahoma University Board of Regents considered a motion to allow the team to accept an invitation from the Orange Bowl, and passed a resolution that stated that \"Oklahoma belongs to the Big Seven Conference and has followed its rules in the past and should follow them in the future.\". Thus, three of the nation's four \"top teams\" did not play in a bowl game. The exception was Georgia Tech, which played as the SEC champ in the Sugar Bowl. In a forerunner of the SEC championship game, the two best teams in the conference met, with No. 7 Ole Miss accepting the invitation to play against Tech.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 40], "content_span": [41, 641]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070182-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 in Afghanistan\nThe following lists events that happened during 1952 in Afghanistan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070182-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 in Afghanistan, January 6, 1952\nShah Wali Khan, Afghan ambassador to the United Kingdom, says in an interview with The Hindu that the area of Pakhtunistan includes the states of Chitral, Dir, Swat, Bajaur, Tirah, Waziristan, and Baluchistan. \"The right of 8,000,000 Pakhtuns to enjoy freedom cannot be ignored,\" he adds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 36], "content_span": [37, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070182-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 in Afghanistan, January 1952\nA bill to nationalize oil is passed by the seventh National Assembly and a UN technical assistance mission under Philip Beck (U.S.) is invited to Afghanistan. Shortly after its arrival the mission visits the Shibarghan area in the northwest, about 72\u00a0km from the Soviet border, where rich oil deposits have been discovered. On August 21 Izvestiya publishes a report that this mission is a tool of the U.S. imperialists, who are planning the construction of military roads and airfields near the Soviet border. Later Andrey Vyshinsky, the Soviet foreign minister, sends a strong note to Kabul protesting against the mission's presence in Afghanistan. The Kabul government refutes this note in September, explaining that, as Afghanistan's economic life depends on motor transport, all oil prospecting is in the country's vital interests.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 869]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070182-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 in Afghanistan, February 1952\nA royal proclamation is issued calling upon the people to elect the eighth National Assembly (171 seats) within three months. As no census of population has ever been taken there are no electoral lists, and elections consist in calling public meetings which vote for the official candidates by acclamation. In Kabul, where the election takes place on April 20, there are two opposition candidates, but the government candidates are said to be elected by considerable majorities; however, out of about 50,000 entitled to vote only 7,000 actually voted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 586]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070182-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 in Afghanistan, October 1952\nKing Zahir at the opening of the new National Assembly reiterates the country's desire to maintain close and friendly relations with all nations. He deplores the fact, however, that relations with Pakistan have not improved. \"We have,\" he says, \"the most friendly feelings for Pakistan, but we cannot forget the cause of Pakhtunistan.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070182-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 in Afghanistan, December 1952\nThe Helmand Valley Authority was created on December 4, 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 96]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070183-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 in Australia\nThe following lists events that happened during 1952 in Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 84]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070184-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 in Australian literature\nThis article presents a list of the historical events and publications of Australian literature during 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070184-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 in Australian literature, Births\nA list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1952 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070184-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 in Australian literature, Deaths\nA list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1952 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070187-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 in Brazilian football\nThe following article presents a summary of the 1952 football (soccer) season in Brazil, which was the 51st season of competitive football in the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070187-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 in Brazilian football, Brazil national team\nThe following table lists all the games played by the Brazil national football team in official competitions and friendly matches during 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 48], "content_span": [49, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070188-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 in British music\nThis is a summary of 1952 in music in the United Kingdom, including the official charts from that year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070188-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 in British music\nThis year was a turning point for music in not only the UK, but all over the world. The first official UK Singles Chart  began in November 1952, compiled by the NME. This made the United Kingdom the first country in the world to have an official singles chart and created it in many other countries, with the Billboard Hot 100 era beginning in 1958 in the U.S. The singles chart quickly became a phenomenon  and record breaking became a new excitement for the public. Compiled solely on sales; it kept this trend until April 2005, when it was combined with legal downloads.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 595]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070188-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 in British music, Summary, The Official UK Singles Chart\nOn the week ending 14 November 1952, NME published the first ever UK Singles Chart. Only a Top 12 at the time, it slowly grew over the years as nowadays sales data is gathered electronically and a Top 200 is compiled weekly for industrial purposes. During the rest of the decade and the early 1960s, there were many different charts formed and the general public and the BBC's Pick Of The Pops (now known as Top Of The Pops) were all confused as to which was the most accurate. The Official Charts Company uses NME until March 1960 and then uses Record Retailer until 1969, when an official sole chart was formed by an alliance between the two most popular charts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 61], "content_span": [62, 726]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070188-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 in British music, Summary, The Official UK Singles Chart\nTo kick off the brand new chart, American jazz singer Al Martino had the first ever number one single in the UK with \"Here in My Heart\", which remains his biggest selling single. The song spent nine consecutive weeks at number one, which continued to be the longest consecutive run at number one until mid-1954. In second place was pop singer Jo Stafford with \"You Belong to Me\", and, with the exception of one week, she stayed just one place behind the top spot for nine weeks, until she finally managed to knock Al Martino off the top in 1953. Another record-achiever went to English traditional pop music singer Vera Lynn, who had three singles within the top 10 at the same time with \"Forget Me Not (Vera Lynn song)\" (at number 7), \"The Homing Waltz\" (at number 9), and \"Auf Wiederseh\u2019n Sweetheart\" (at number 10).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 61], "content_span": [62, 880]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070188-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 in British music, Summary, The Official UK Singles Chart\nOther artists that had chart success in 1952 included Bing Crosby, Guy Mitchell, Mario Lanza, Rosemary Clooney, and Kay Starr, who had hits with \"The Isle of Innisfree\", \"Feet Up\", \"Because You're Mine\", \"Half as Much\", and \"Comes A-Long A-Love\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 61], "content_span": [62, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070189-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 in British radio\nThis is a list of events from British radio in 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 74]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070190-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 in British television\nThis is a list of British television related events from 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070193-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 in Canadian football\nThe Toronto Argonauts faced the Edmonton Eskimos in the Grey Cup. Although the Argos would hold on to win the game and their 10th Grey Cup championship, an Argo would not sip from the silver mug again until 1983.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070193-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 in Canadian football, Events in Canadian football in 1952\nThe Canadian Rugby Union received television revenue for the first time when it was paid $7,500 by CBC for the rights to televise the Grey Cup game. CBLT Toronto was the only station to carry the game live.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 62], "content_span": [63, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070193-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 in Canadian football, Regular season, Final regular season standings\nNote: GP = Games Played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, PF = Points For, PA = Points Against, Pts = Points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 73], "content_span": [74, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070193-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 in Canadian football, 1952 Eastern (Interprovincial Rugby Football Union) All-Stars\nNOTE: During this time most players played both ways, so the All-Star selections do not distinguish between some offensive and defensive positions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 88], "content_span": [89, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070193-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 in Canadian football, 1952 Western (Western Interprovincial Football Union) All-Stars\nNOTE: During this time most players played both ways, so the All-Star selections do not distinguish between some offensive and defensive positions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 90], "content_span": [91, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070193-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 in Canadian football, 1952 Ontario Rugby Football Union All-Stars\nNOTE: During this time most players played both ways, so the All-Star selections do not distinguish between some offensive and defensive positions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 70], "content_span": [71, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070194-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 in Canadian television\nThis is a list of Canadian television-related events in 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070195-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 in Cape Verde\nThe following lists events that happened during 1952 in Cape Verde.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 86]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070196-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 in Chile\nThe following lists events that happened during 1952 in Chile.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 76]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070197-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 in China\nEvents in the year 1952 in the People's Republic of China.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 72]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070199-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 in Estonia\nThis article lists events that occurred during 1952 in Estonia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 79]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070202-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 in Hong Kong\nThe following lists events during 1952 in British Hong Kong.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 78]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070203-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 in Iceland\nThe following lists events that happened in 1952 in Iceland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 76]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070204-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 in India\nEvents in the year 1952 in the Republic of India.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 63]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070206-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 in Israel, Events, Israeli\u2013Palestinian conflict\nThe most prominent events related to the Israeli\u2013Palestinian conflict which occurred during 1952 include:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 52], "content_span": [53, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070206-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 in Israel, Events, Israeli\u2013Palestinian conflict\nThe most prominent Palestinian fedayeen terror attacks committed against Israelis during 1952 include:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 52], "content_span": [53, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070206-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 in Israel, Events, Israeli\u2013Palestinian conflict\nThe most prominent Israeli military counter-terrorism operations (military campaigns and military operations) carried out against Palestinian militants during 1952 include:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 52], "content_span": [53, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070206-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 in Israel, Unspecified dates\nThe following events took place during 1952 (dates not specified):", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 33], "content_span": [34, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070207-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 in Italian television\nThis is a list of Italian television related events from 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070208-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 in Japan, Events\nA tidal wave damage on 1952 Tokachi earthquake on March 4.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 21], "content_span": [22, 80]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070208-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 in Japan, Events\nAn aftermath crash Japan Airlines Flight 301 in Izu Oshima on April 10.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 21], "content_span": [22, 93]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070208-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 in Japan, Events\nA buring on many houses and buildings in 1952 Tottori Fire on April 17.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 21], "content_span": [22, 93]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070210-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 in Laos\nThe following lists events that happened during 1952 in Laos.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 74]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070211-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 in Libya\nThe following lists events that happened in 1952 in Libya.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 72]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070212-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 in Luxembourg\nThe following lists events that happened during 1952 in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070213-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 in Malaya\nThis article lists important figures and events in Malayan public affairs during the year 1952, together with births and deaths of significant Malayans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070215-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 in Michigan, Top stories\nThe Associated Press polled editors of its member newspapers in Michigan and ranked the state's top news stories of 1952 as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 29], "content_span": [30, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070215-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 in Michigan, Top stories\nThe NFL championship won by the 1952 Detroit Lions ranked 18th in the balloting. Two no-hitters by Tigers' pitcher Virgil Trucks in 1952 ranked 19th. The Stanley Cup championship won by the 1951\u201352 Detroit Red Wings season ranked outside the top 20 stories.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 29], "content_span": [30, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070215-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 in Michigan, Population\nIn the 1950 United States Census, Michigan was recorded as having a population of 6,421,000 persons, ranking as the seventh most populous state in the country. By 1960, the state's population had grown 22.8% to 7,823,194 persons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 28], "content_span": [29, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070215-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 in Michigan, Population, Cities\nThe following is a list of cities in Michigan with a population of at least 40,000 based on 1950 U.S. Census data. Historic census data from 1940 and 1960 is included to reflect trends in population increases or decreases. Cities that are part of the Detroit metropolitan area are shaded in tan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 36], "content_span": [37, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070215-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 in Michigan, Population, Counties\nThe following is a list of counties in Michigan with populations of at least 100,000 based on 1950 U.S. Census data. Historic census data from 1940 and 1960 are included to reflect trends in population increases or decreases. Counties that are part of the Detroit metropolitan area are shaded in tan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 38], "content_span": [39, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070216-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 in New Zealand\nThe following lists events that happened during  1952 in New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070216-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 in New Zealand, Incumbents, Government\nThe 30th New Zealand Parliament continued. In power was the National government under Sidney Holland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 43], "content_span": [44, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070216-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 in New Zealand, Arts and literature, Film\nSee : Category:1952 film awards, 1952 in film, List of New Zealand feature films, Cinema of New Zealand, Category:1952 films", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 46], "content_span": [47, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070216-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 in New Zealand, Sport, Lawn bowls\nThe national outdoor lawn bowls championships are held in Dunedin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 38], "content_span": [39, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070221-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 in Norwegian music\nThe following is a list of notable events and releases of the year 1952 in Norwegian music.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070224-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 in R\u00e9union\nThe following lists events that happened during 1952 in R\u00e9union.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 80]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070226-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 in Scottish television\nThis is a list of events in Scottish television from 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 86]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070227-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 in South Africa\nThe following lists events that happened during 1952 in South Africa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 90]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070227-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 in South Africa, Railways, Locomotives\nTwo new Cape gauge locomotive types enter service on the South African Railways (SAR):", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 43], "content_span": [44, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070231-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 in Taiwan\nEvents from the year 1952 in Taiwan, Republic of China. This year is numbered Minguo 41 according to the official Republic of China calendar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070232-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 in Thailand\nThe year 1952 was the 171st year of the Rattanakosin Kingdom of Thailand. It was the 7th year in the reign of King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX), and is reckoned as year 2495 in the Buddhist Era.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070234-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 in Wales\nThis article is about the particular significance of the year 1952 to Wales and its people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070238-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 in association football\nThe following are the football (soccer) events of the year 1952 throughout the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070240-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 in baseball\nThe following are the baseball events of the year 1952  throughout the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070241-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 in comics\nNotable events of 1952 in comics. See also List of years in comics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 82]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070242-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 in country music\nThis is a list of notable events in country music that took place in the year 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070243-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 in film, Top-grossing films, United States\nThe top ten 1952 released films by box office gross in the United States are as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 47], "content_span": [48, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070244-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 in fine arts of the Soviet Union\nThe year 1952 was marked by many events that left an imprint on the history of Soviet and Russian Fine Arts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070245-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 in jazz\nThis is a timeline documenting events of Jazz in the year 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 76]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070246-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 in literature\nThis article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070247-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 in motorsport\nThe following is an overview of the events of 1952 in motorsport including the major racing events, motorsport venues that were opened and closed during a year, championships and non-championship events that were established and disestablished in a year, and births and deaths of racing drivers and other motorsport people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070247-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 in motorsport, Annual events\nThe calendar includes only annual major non-championship events or annual events that had own significance separate from the championship. For the dates of the championship events see related season articles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 33], "content_span": [34, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070248-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 in music\nThis is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070248-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 in music, US No. 1 hit singles\nThese singles reached the top of US Billboard magazine's charts in 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 35], "content_span": [36, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070248-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 in music, Biggest hit singles\nThe following singles achieved the highest chart positions in the limited set of charts available for 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 34], "content_span": [35, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070249-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 in paleontology\nPaleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070250-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 in poetry\nNationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070250-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 in poetry, Works published in English\nListed by nation where the work was first published and again by the poet's native land, if different; substantially revised works listed separately:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 42], "content_span": [43, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070250-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 in poetry, Works published in other languages, India\nIn each section, listed in alphabetical order by first name:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 57], "content_span": [58, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070250-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 in poetry, Births\nDeath years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070250-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 in poetry, Deaths\nBirth years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070251-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 in professional wrestling\n1952 in professional wrestling describes the year's events in the world of professional wrestling.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070252-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 in radio\nThe year 1952 saw a number of significant happenings in radio broadcasting history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070253-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 in rail transport\nThis article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070254-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 in science\nThe year 1952 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070255-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 in spaceflight\nGroundwork was laid for the launch of the first artificial satellite with the scheduling of the International Geophysical Year for 1957-58. This scientific endeavor would involve dozens of nations in a global investigation of physical phenomenona, on the ground and in space.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070255-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 in spaceflight\nIn 1952, all branches of the United States' military, often in partnership with civilian organizations, continued their program of sounding rocket research beyond the 100 kilometres (62\u00a0mi) boundary of space (as defined by the World Air Sports Federation) using the Aerobee rocket. The University of Iowa launched its first series of rockoon flights, demonstrating the validity of the balloon-launched rocket. The launch of Viking 9 at the end of the year by the Naval Research Laboratory team under the management of Milton Rosen represented the pinnacle of contemporary operational rocket design.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 618]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070255-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 in spaceflight\nThe year saw no new ballistic missiles added to the arsenals of either the United States or the Soviet Union. However, work continued apace on large rocket development, particularly of the US Army's Redstone and the Soviet R-5 missile.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070255-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 in spaceflight, Space exploration highlights, US Navy\nIn the late spring of 1952, the Naval Research Laboratory team under the management of Milton Rosen prepared to launch the first second-generation Viking rocket, Viking 8, from White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico. The new Viking design was nearly half-again as wide as its precursor, affording the highest fuel-to-weight ratio of any rocket yet developed. The tail fins no longer supported the weight of the rocket, has had previously been the case. Now, the Viking rocket rested on the base of its fuselage. This allowed the tail fins to be made much lighter, one of many ways the Viking was redesigned to carry a heavier tank without weighing more than the first Viking design.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 58], "content_span": [59, 742]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070255-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 in spaceflight, Space exploration highlights, US Navy\nOn 6 June 1952, Viking 8 broke loose of its moorings during a static firing test. After it was allowed to fly for 55 seconds in the hope that it would clear the immediate area and thus pose no danger to ground crew, Nat Wagner, head of the \"Cutoff group\" delivered a command to the rocket to cease its thrust. 65 seconds later, the rocket crashed 4 miles (6.4\u00a0km) or 5 miles (8.0\u00a0km) downrange to the southeast.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 58], "content_span": [59, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070255-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 in spaceflight, Space exploration highlights, US Navy\nWith lessons learned from the Viking 8 failure, the successful 9 December static firing of Viking 9 was followed on 15 December by a successful launch from White Sands. The rocket reached an altitude of 135 miles (217\u00a0km), roughly the same as that of the first-generation Viking 7, launched in 1950. In addition to cameras that photographed the Earth during flight, Viking 9 carried a full suite of cosmic ray, ultraviolet, and X-ray detectors, including sixteen plates of emulsion gel for tracking the path of individual high energy particles. The experiment package was recovered intact after it had secured measurements high above the Earth's atmosphere.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 58], "content_span": [59, 716]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070255-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 in spaceflight, Space exploration highlights, American civilian efforts\n1952 saw the first rockoon flights. These balloon-mounted rockets were significantly cheaper than sounding rocket flights: $1800 (equivalent to $14182) per launch versus $25,000 ($196967) for each Aerobee launch and $450,000 ($3545407) for each Viking launch. A series of seven ship-launched tests conducted by a University of Iowa team under James Van Allen achieved considerable success, one flight grazing the edge of space with an apogee of 55 miles (89\u00a0km).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 76], "content_span": [77, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070255-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 in spaceflight, Spacecraft development, US Air Force\nProgress remained slow throughout 1952 on the Atlas, the nation's first ICBM, the contract for which had been awarded to Consolidated Vultee in January 1951 by the US Air Force's Air Research and Development Command. Conservative development policies and daunting technical problems were the official causes, but the Air Forces's apparent lack of enthusiasm for project, along with the constraint of limited budget and resources, were factors as well. It was not until the first successful H-bomb test at Elugelab in November 1952 that the Atlas, potentially capable of delivering such a weapon, garnered more support.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 57], "content_span": [58, 676]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070255-0008-0000", "contents": "1952 in spaceflight, Spacecraft development, US Army\nOn 8 April 1952, the  surface-to-surface missile being developed by Redstone Arsenal in Alabama since 10 July 1951, officially received the name \"Redstone\". The Chrysler Corporation was tasked to proceed with active work as the prime contractor on the missile, capable of delivering nuclear or conventional warheads to a range of 200 miles (320\u00a0km), by a letter order contract in October 1952 (this contract definitized on 19 June 1953).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 52], "content_span": [53, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070255-0009-0000", "contents": "1952 in spaceflight, Spacecraft development, Soviet military\nIn the Soviet Union, rocket development during the year 1952 was focused on the R-5 missile, able to carry the same 1,000 kilograms (2,200\u00a0lb) payload as the R-1 and R-2 but over a distance of 1,200 kilometres (750\u00a0mi). The R-5, the conceptual design of which had been completed by 30 October 1951, superseded the ambitious 3,000 kilometres (1,900\u00a0mi) range R-3, which had been canceled on 20 October 1951", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 60], "content_span": [61, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070255-0010-0000", "contents": "1952 in spaceflight, Spacecraft development, Soviet military\nThe USSR's \"first Soviet strategic rocket,\" as the R-5 was thenceforth known, was an incremental improvement on the R-1 and R-2 rockets with not only increased range but improved accuracy. Its propellant tanks were integral to the rocket, reducing structural weight and allowing for more fuel. Two of the first ten R-5s produced underwent stand tests through February 1952, and the sleek, cylindrical R-5 would be ready for its first launch March 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 60], "content_span": [61, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070255-0011-0000", "contents": "1952 in spaceflight, Spacecraft development, Soviet military\nAlso in 1952, the design bureau OKB-486 under Valentin Glushko began developing the RD-105 and RD-106 engines for an even more powerful rocket: the five engine R-6 ICBM. Using an integrated solder-welded configuration, developed by engineer Aleksei Isaev, these LOX/kerosene engines would be more powerful single chamber engines than those used in earlier rockets. Four 539.37\u00a0kN (121,260\u00a0lbf) RD-105 would power the R-6's four strap-on engines while a 519.75\u00a0kN (116,840\u00a0lbf) RD-106 would power the central booster.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 60], "content_span": [61, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070255-0012-0000", "contents": "1952 in spaceflight, Spacecraft development, Soviet military\nThat same year, there was also a series of fourteen test launches of the mass-produced version of R-2 missile (range of 600 kilometres (370\u00a0mi)). Twelve of the missiles reached their targets. The R-1 also was test-launched seven times.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 60], "content_span": [61, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070255-0013-0000", "contents": "1952 in spaceflight, Spacecraft development, Civilian efforts\nIn October 1952, the General Assembly of the International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU) adopted a proposal to undertake simultaneous observations of geophysical phenomena over the entire surface of the Earth. The International Geophysical Year (IGY), set for 1957-58, would involve the efforts of a multitude of nations in such farflung regions as the Arctic and Antarctica. To coordinate this massive effort, the ICSU formed the Comit\u00e9 Speciale de l'Ann\u00e9e G\u00e9ophysique Internationale (CSAGI), which would hold four major meetings with representation from all participating countries over the next four years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 61], "content_span": [62, 677]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070255-0014-0000", "contents": "1952 in spaceflight, Spacecraft development, Civilian efforts\nIn part inspired by lectures he gave to the British Interplanetary Society in London the previous year, the University of Maryland's Fred Singer began espousing in both print and in public presentations the use of small artificial satellites to conduct scientific observations. This concept was dubbed \"MOUSE\" (Minimum Orbiting Unmanned Satellite of the Earth) and was dismissed by many as too radical and/or in conflict with human exploration of space. Nevertheless, the proposal catalyzed serious discussion of the use of satellites for scientific research.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 61], "content_span": [62, 621]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070256-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 in sports\n1952 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 73]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070257-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 in television\nThe year 1952 in television involved some significant events. Below is a list of television-related events during 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070258-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 in the Belgian Congo\nThe following lists events that happened during 1952 in the Belgian Congo.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070259-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 in the Soviet Union\nThe following lists events that happened during 1952 in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070260-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 in the United Kingdom\nEvents from the year 1952 in the United Kingdom. This year sees a change of monarch.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070261-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 in the United States\nEvents from the year 1952 in the United States of America.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 84]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070262-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 raid on Beit Jala\nThe  1952 raid on Beit Jala was an Israeli attack on Beit Jala, a Palestinian Christian town on the border between Jordan and Israel (today part of the Palestinian territories) on January 6, 1952. Based on leaflets dropped at the site it was presumed to be revenge for the rape and murder of a Jewish girl, which was believed to have been committed by infiltrators from Beit Jala.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070262-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 raid on Beit Jala, Background\nIn 1949\u20131953, there were 99 complaints made by Israel about the infiltration of armed groups or individuals and 30 complaints of armed Jordanian units crossing into Israeli territory. Jordan complained of 5 armed groups or individuals infiltrating and 162 of armed Israeli units crossing into Jordanian territory. One such gang was led by Muhammad Mansi and Jamil Muhammad Mujarrab, who had raped and murdered a Jewish girl in Jerusalem's Katamon neighborhood in February 1951. Mansi was detained by the Jordanians but released and placed on surveillance. The Israeli authorities passed on information that he was stockpiling explosives.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 672]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070262-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 raid on Beit Jala, Background\nOn December 4, 1951, a Jewish girl who was walking home from the bus stop in the  Bayit VeGan neighborhood of Jerusalem, Leah Feistinger, was raped and murdered and mutilated by the Mansi Gang. Her body was found hidden in a cave about a mile from the Jordan/Israel cease fire line inside Israeli territory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070262-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 raid on Beit Jala, Background\nMajor Loreaux, an investigating officer from the Mixed Armistice Commissions (MAC), the UN organization responsible for monitoring violations of the 1949 Armistice Agreements, reported to MAC chairman Commander E. H. Hutchison and Commandant G. Bouvet that the girl had been raped and murdered, and her face mutilated. Loreaux reported that he saw no evidence of Jordanian infiltration and suggested that the Israeli police investigate the murder.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070262-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 raid on Beit Jala, Background\nIsrael stated that the perpetrators were Said Salah Jam'an, Jamil Muhammad Mujarrab and Muhammad Mansi, three residents of Beit Jala.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070262-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 raid on Beit Jala, Reprisal raid\nOn January 6, 1952, three houses in Beit Jala were rigged with explosives and blown up. According to  Hutchison, the upper floor of the first house was completely destroyed. The lower part of the house, which had been built into the side of the hill, was still partially intact, with bullet holes visible in the walls and doors. The inhabitants, a twenty-three-year-old man and his wife, were killed in the blast. Only one wall was damaged in the second house. The windows were shattered and the walls were pockmarked with bullets. A mother and her four children, ranging in age from 6 to 14, were found dead in the third house. When one of the demolition charges failed the attackers used grenades.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 37], "content_span": [38, 737]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070262-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 raid on Beit Jala, Reprisal raid\nThe perpetrators left leaflets in Arabic at the site which read as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 37], "content_span": [38, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070262-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 raid on Beit Jala, Reprisal raid\nOn 4/12/1951 some persons from among the inhabitants of Beit Jala killed a Jewish girl in the neighbourhood of Bayit VeGan, after committing against her an unpardonable crime. What we have done now is the penalty for that ugly crime. We shall not stand idly by in the face of such crimes. In our quiver there are always arrows for [such criminals]. Let those who can, heed this warning...", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 37], "content_span": [38, 426]}}
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{"id": "enwiki-00070262-0010-0000", "contents": "1952 raid on Beit Jala, Investigation\nMajor Hutchison investigated the Jordanian complaint of a violation of the General Armistice agreement at Beit Jala on behalf of the United Nations Truce Supervision Organisation (UNTSO). Israel denied her involvement and J.E. Chadwick, a diplomat at the British Embassy in Tel Aviv, thought it had been the work of Israeli vigilantes. Hutchison reported that the demolition charges had Israeli markings and machine-guns were used Benny Morris concludes that the raid was carried out by an IDF platoon and that Western diplomats were not convinced that the Feistinger rape-murder had been carried out by infiltrators. In April 1953 the US consul general in Jerusalem wrote: \"It was never shown that the act was not committed by her Israeli boy-friend\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 37], "content_span": [38, 790]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070262-0011-0000", "contents": "1952 raid on Beit Jala, Reactions\nThe United Nations Truce Supervision Organisation issued a condemnation to Israel for the \"serious breach of the General Armistice Agreement\" in the Beit Jala reprisal raid. Israel denied IDF involvement in the raid, and abstained from voting while Jordan and the MAC chairman condemned Israel. The chief of the Arab Legion, John Bagot Glubb, stated that the Israelis had a psychological need to bully their weaker neighborsThe British Embassy in Tel Aviv called the raids \"simple reprisals, designed to make Arab infiltration unpopular in the Arab villages\". The ambassador compared Israeli/IDF raids with British reprisals against Egyptians in the Suez Canal area.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 700]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike\nThe 1952 steel strike was a strike by the United Steelworkers of America (USWA) against U.S. Steel (USS) and nine other steelmakers. The strike was scheduled to begin on April 9, 1952, but US President Harry Truman nationalized the American steel industry hours before the workers walked out. The steel companies sued to regain control of their facilities. On June 2, 1952, in a landmark decision, the US Supreme Court ruled in Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer, 343 U.S. 579 (1952), that the President lacked the authority to seize the steel mills.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 571]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike\nThe Steelworkers struck to win a wage increase. The strike lasted 53 days and ended on July 24, 1952 on essentially the same terms that the union had proposed four months earlier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0002-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Wage control policy during the Korean War\nOn February 9, 1950, Senator Joseph McCarthy denounced the Truman administration for permitting known communists to remain in the employment of the federal government. The incident sparked a four-year period of anticommunist policies and attitudes, which came to be known as McCarthyism. The accusations by McCarthy and others put the administration on the political defensive and led him to seek ways in which he might prove he was not \"soft on communism.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 60], "content_span": [61, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0003-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Wage control policy during the Korean War\nOn June 25, 1950, North Korea invaded South Korea, touching off the Korean War. American wartime mobilization agencies, including the recently-formed National Security Resources Board (NSRB), were dormant. Truman attempted to use the NSRB as the nation's military mobilization agency. He quadrupled the defense budget to $50 billion, and the NSRB placed controls on prices, wages, and raw materials. Inflation soared and shortages in food, consumer goods, and housing appeared.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 60], "content_span": [61, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0004-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Wage control policy during the Korean War\nOn September 8, 1950, the US Congress enacted the Defense Production Act. Title II permitted the President to requisition any facilities, property, equipment, supplies, and component parts of raw materials that were needed for the national defense. Title IV gave the President the authority to impose wage and price controls in progressive steps (ranging from voluntary controls to controls in essential industries to overall controls).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 60], "content_span": [61, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0005-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Wage control policy during the Korean War\nOn September 9, Truman issued Executive Order 10161, which established the Economic Stabilization Agency (ESA) to co&ordinate and supervise wage and price controls. Using the wage and price control model developed in World War II, the Truman administration created two subagencies in ESA. The Office of Price Stabilization (OPS) was given the power to regulate prices, and the Wage Stabilization Board (WSB) oversaw the creation of wage stabilization rules. The division of labor was specifically designed to unlink wages from prices. If prices rose automatically with wages, the inflationary spiral would continue unabated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 60], "content_span": [61, 685]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0005-0001", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Wage control policy during the Korean War\nPlacing the onus solely on workers to keep wages low risked the wrath of labor, a lesson that the administration had learned from the World War II experience. Delinking wages and prices leveled the playing field. Both workers and employers would now be forced to justify, independently, the wages and prices that they demanded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 60], "content_span": [61, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0006-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Wage control policy during the Korean War\nBy October 1950, inflation had abated, and shortages were easing. Although Truman had named Alan Valentine as ESA administrator and Cyrus S. Ching chairman of the WSB, the ESA and its subagencies were largely inactive, and the President hesitated to name a director for the Office of Price Stabilization.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 60], "content_span": [61, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0007-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Wage control policy during the Korean War\nChina entered the war on behalf of North Korea on October 19 and made fighting contact with American troops on October 25. The intervention of China in the Korean War unraveled the administration's mobilization effort. A panicked public began hoarding and the administration accelerated its rearmament plans, and the economy went into an upward inflationary spiral. By December, public support for the war had fallen significantly, and Truman and his intelligence experts expected World War III to break out by spring.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 60], "content_span": [61, 579]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0008-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Wage control policy during the Korean War\nConfronted with the failure of the NSRB and a mobilization effort that was faltering and unable to meet the needs of accelerated production plans, Truman declared a national emergency on December 16, 1950. The declaration of an emergency was, in part, motivated by the McCarthyite attacks on the administration and Truman's desire to appear strong in the prosecution of the war. Using the powers granted to him by the Defense Production Act, which had been enacted only in September 1950, Truman created the Office of Defense Mobilization (ODM). Truman moved the ESA under ODM and nominated Michael DiSalle as the director of OPS.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 60], "content_span": [61, 691]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0009-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Organized labor's conflict with WSB\nUnions felt that during World War II, the National War Labor Board had unfairly held wages below the level of inflation but done little to rein in corporate profits. The American Federation of Labor (AFL) and the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) as well as independent labor unions were determined to avoid a similar outcome under the new Wage Stabilization Board.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 54], "content_span": [55, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0009-0001", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Organized labor's conflict with WSB\nOn December 20, 1950, a United Labor Policy Committee (ULPC), composed of representatives of the AFL, CIO, the Railway Labor Executives' Association (a group of railway labor unions), and the International Association of Machinists, was formed to influence the WSB's deliberations on wage stabilization policy. The group demanded a yearly cost-of-living adjustment for all contracts, productivity pay increases linked to company profit margins, and price controls, but the WSB's public and corporate representatives were in agreement that the board should focus only wages and strictly control them to keep inflation in check.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 54], "content_span": [55, 681]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0010-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Organized labor's conflict with WSB\nOn January 26, 1951, the ESA imposed nationwide wage and price controls. Labor representatives, who opposed wholesale wage controls, were outvoted nine to three.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 54], "content_span": [55, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0011-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Organized labor's conflict with WSB\nLabor representatives on the WSB charged that they were being frozen out of policy deliberations, and they threatened to resign unless they were given more influence over the process. Ching resigned on February 9 to head off a mass resignation, and ESA Administrator Johnston appointed the president of the Brotherhood of Railway and Steamship Clerks as his special assistant a day later, but the United Labor Policy Committee members were not placated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 54], "content_span": [55, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0012-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Organized labor's conflict with WSB\nLabor representatives believed that wage controls were particularly unfair to some workers. Some workers had received very high wage increases in 1950, before the imposition of wage controls, but others had yet to negotiate contracts or receive wage increases. Labor representatives demanded a 12 percent wage increase for workers who had not yet negotiated contracts under the wage stabilization policy, but the public and corporate members of the board held to a 10 percent increase.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 54], "content_span": [55, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0013-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Organized labor's conflict with WSB\nOn February 16, the Wage Stabilization Board issued Wage Regulation 6, which permitted a 10% increase in wages for workers who had not negotiated a wage increase in the last six months. The regulation was based on the \"Little Steel formula\" of World War II. Labor representatives of the board resigned in protest. The mass resignations set off a crisis within the administration. Unwilling to alienate labor by imposing wage controls involuntarily, Truman appointed a National Advisory Board on Mobilization Policy to come up with recommendations to win labor's support for wage and price controls.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 54], "content_span": [55, 653]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0013-0001", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Organized labor's conflict with WSB\nOn April 17, the National Advisory Board suggested re-establishing the WSB with a greatly-enlarged membership. The National Advisory Board also recommended giving the WSB the power to intervene in labor disputes. The WSB should have the power, the report said, to make economic and noneconomic recommendations in labor disputes as well as to submit disputes directly to the president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 54], "content_span": [55, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0014-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Organized labor's conflict with WSB\nPresident Truman re-established the WSB on April 21, 1951. In Executive Order 10233, Truman gave the new board the recommended expanded powers. Dr. George W. Taylor, professor of industrial relations at the University of Pennsylvania, was tapped to be the WSB chairman. Taylor agreed to serve only until September 1, 1951, however, and he was succeeded by Nathan Feinsinger, a professor of law at the University of Wisconsin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 54], "content_span": [55, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0015-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Organized labor's conflict with WSB\nThe expanded powers of the WSB created some controversy, however. It was not clear what statutory authority gave Truman the power to provide the board with its expanded powers. Congressional hearings over the reconstituted WSB's powers occurred since Congress also debated renewing the Defense Production Act. In July 1951, under pressure from numerous industries for price control relief, Congress enacted the Capehart Amendment to the DPA, which authorized companies to win price increases for costs incurred between June 1950 and July 26, 1951. Although opposed to the way in which the Capehart Amendment significantly weakened the administration's wage and price control program, Truman signed the legislation on July 31, 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 54], "content_span": [55, 786]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0016-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Buildup to steel mill seizure\nThe Capehart Amendment put intense pressure on the Truman administration's inflation program. On August 8, the federal government imposed stricter economic controls on the economy. In the steel industry, production quotas and procurement orders were extended to all civilian steelmakers, not only large manufacturers. Steel companies had reported record and near-record profits in the summer, but by mid-fall, net revenues were down as defense needs consumed more and more and finished steel, and steelmakers were unable to sell steel to the higher-margin civilian market.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 48], "content_span": [49, 621]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0016-0001", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Buildup to steel mill seizure\nOn September 4, DPA again increased the amount of steel needed for defense use by sharply scaling down allotments for the civilian economy. When steelmakers balked at expanding plant and equipment to meet new defense quotas, ODM officials ordered the chief executives of the nation's largest steel manufacturers to attend a meeting in Washington at which they were threatened with additional government regulation and oversight. The steelmakers quickly acceded to the government's demands.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 48], "content_span": [49, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0017-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Buildup to steel mill seizure\nStabilization officials were so upset by the Capehart Amendment that many resigned, leaving the agency almost leaderless at critical times. ESA Administrator Johnston announced his retirement on September 2 and quit on November 30. The job remained open until Truman persuaded Roger Putnam, a Massachusetts businessman and former Democratic mayor of Springfield, to accept the position on November 27.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 48], "content_span": [49, 450]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0018-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Buildup to steel mill seizure\nTensions also ruptured labor's united front on the Wage Stabilization Board. The ULPC dissolved on August 14 when the AFL pulled out of the joint committee. AFL officials appeared to be upset that the ULPC had not led to additional unity talks between the two labor groups and that CIO officials were obtaining more than their fair share of federal appointments. By October, organized labor's influence throughout the defense mobilization bureaucracy had significantly waned.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 48], "content_span": [49, 524]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0019-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Negotiations\nThe Steelworkers indicated on September 22 that they would seek an industry-wide rather than company-by-company approach to the upcoming wage negotiations. Union leaders argued that employers would never voluntarily agree to a collective bargaining agreement because there would be no guarantee that a concomitant price increase would occur.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0019-0001", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Negotiations\nPhilip Murray, USWA and CIO President, told the press that he assumed the wage dispute would end up in the hands of the Wage Stabilization Board, and the union was actively working to convince the WSB to alter its pay regulations to permit a pay increase in the 10 to 15 cents an hour range rather than the permissible 4 cents an hour. The consensus was that the WSB would permit steelworkers' wages to rise rather than risk a strike.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0020-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Negotiations\nThe first indication of what the employer position was in the upcoming negotiations became known on October 25, when the chairman of Bethlehem Steel indicated steelmakers would make no wage proposal when talks opened. Furthermore, the company made it known that it had seen a significant fall in profits and that it lacked any financial ability to award a pay increase.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0021-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Negotiations\nNegotiations opened with U.S. Steel on November 1, 1951. The union bargaining team numbered more than 100 individuals. Organized labor representatives on the Wage Stabilization Board immediately began pressing for a change in the WSB's wage regulations to permit a higher wage increase, but administration officials balked. On November 15, Benjamin Fairless, president of U.S. Steel, not only declared that the steel industry had no intention of reaching a collective bargaining agreement with the union but expressed his opinion that workers were overpaid by at least 30 percent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 612]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0021-0001", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Negotiations\nNegotiations with Youngstown Sheet and Tube, Bethlehem Steel and some smaller steelmakers opened on December 1. The union asked for a \"substantial\" wage increase, overtime pay for Saturday and Sunday work, the union shop, eight days of vacation a year, relaxed rules on when workers could take vacation, and higher wages for night work. U.S. Steel, the industry leader, refused to address economic issues and instead on December 5 proposed changes to seniority, grievance procedures and other minor issues. Employers' refusal to discuss economic proposals angered union leaders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 610]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0022-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Negotiations\nAs the talks dragged on to mid-December without movement, the government began to take action. ESA administrator Roger Putnam summoned to Washington, D.C., Fairless, Ernest T. Weir (president of National Steel Corporation), and Charles M. White (president of Republic Steel). The three met with Putnam on December 13, who attempted to determine what the employers' bargaining position was. Although Putnam ruled out price relief based on a rise in wages, for the first time he and OPS director DiSalle indicated that the government would permit the steel manufacturers to seek the maximum price increase allowed by the Capehart Amendment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 670]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0022-0001", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Negotiations\nCyrus Ching, now head of the Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service, sent two of his top aides to meet with union officials to determine the union's bargaining strategy and timeline. The aides met with Murray and the union's collective bargaining committee on December 14, but made no headway. WSB director Feinsinger, however, began paving the way for a relaxation of Wage Regulation 6. On December 8, Feinsinger told the press that the Board was already working on a revision to the regulation which would permit merit pay increases. Five days later, Feinsinger let it be known that a number of economic issues (such as increased pension contributions) might be removed from the calculation of the basic wage rate in order to relieve the pressure on the negotiating parties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 812]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0023-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Negotiations\nAlthough the Steelworkers would be taking a strike vote on December 17, The New York Times reported on that same day that the union would consider postponing its strike. The union's strike committee declined to give Murray the authority to sign a wage pact without approval of the union's membership, and set its next meeting for January 3, 1952. The strike committee's action, requested by Murray, was designed to make calling off a strike much more difficult and thus spur bargaining.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0024-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Negotiations\nUnion and employer representatives met with Ching's staff in Washington from December 17 to December 20, but as expected there was no resolution.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0025-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Negotiations\nBy this time, the press was openly speculating that Truman would have to invoke the injunction and cooling-off period provisions of the Taft\u2013Hartley Act. Truman himself said on Christmas Eve from his home in Missouri that use of the Taft\u2013Hartley law was under consideration. Outright seizure of the steel mills was considered remote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0026-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Negotiations\nPresident Truman certified the dispute to the Wage Stabilization Board on December 22. Although steelmakers agreed not to shutter production until the Board made its wage determination, Murray kept the nation in suspense until December 28 before agreeing to postpone the strike.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0027-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Negotiations\nFeinsinger appointed a six-member panel to hear the steel wage case. Two members came from the employers, one from the AFL, one from the CIO, and two from the public. Leading the panel was Harry Shulman, a professor of law at Yale University and a widely respected mediator. Hearings were set to being on January 7, 1952, with a report due 30 days later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0028-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Negotiations\nNevertheless, when union leaders met at their announced January 3 meeting in Atlantic City, Murray warned the country that the union intended to keep its no-strike pledge only for 45 days. The union would strike on February 21 if no acceptable wage agreement was forthcoming.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0029-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, WSB deliberations\nOrganized labor believed it was being frozen out of wage stabilization decision-making, and that political and economic pressure on Truman would push the president to establish a broad wage freeze. The Wage Stabilization Board assembled the steel wage panel on January 3, and opened hearings on Monday, January 7. Although economic stabilization officials were excluded from the panel's proceedings under E.O. 10233, they nevertheless attempted to influence the panel's deliberations. The day before the panel's hearings opened, Putnam announced ESA would seek a better wage formula than that contained in Wage Regulation 6. Ten days later, Feinsinger announced that a wage regulation rewrite would be undertaken as quickly as possible.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 36], "content_span": [37, 773]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0030-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, WSB deliberations\nThe hearings opened with the Steelworkers arguing for a wage and benefit increase estimated between 30 and 50 cents an hour, while the employers claimed no increase whatsoever was possible without price relief. ODM director Charles E. Wilson made it clear in a public statement on January 15 that the administration's inflation program would be wrecked if the workers succeeded in winning a wage increase larger than 4 cents an hour. Office of Price Stabilization economists were disturbed by the union's request.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 36], "content_span": [37, 550]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0030-0001", "contents": "1952 steel strike, WSB deliberations\nA secret internal memorandum by OPS staff members indicated that the union was actually due a 22-cents-an-hour wage increase, and that the steel companies could absorb up to 40 cents an hour in additional costs without a price hike. But for the union to win a wage increase without giving the employers price relief would appear inequitable and create political problems for both OPS and WSB with Republicans in Congress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 36], "content_span": [37, 458]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0031-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, WSB deliberations\nOn January 12, the union and the steelmakers agreed to meet privately, outside the steel wage panel's auspices. Both sides felt agreement could be reached on six non-economic issues:  grievance procedures, arbitration mechanisms, improved suspension and discharge procedures, health and safety issues, military leave, and the contract's preamble.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 36], "content_span": [37, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0032-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, WSB deliberations\nThe steel wage panel recessed for three weeks after its opening hearings in order to allow the employers time to make their arguments. In the interim, OPS announced it was granting the steelmakers a price increase of $2 to $3 per ton\u2014even though they had not applied for it. OPS chief DiSalle hoped that the price increase would placate the employers and relieve pressure on the steel wage panel. But the employers began publicly talking about a price increase of $6 to $9 per ton, and the stratagem failed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 36], "content_span": [37, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0033-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, WSB deliberations\nPress speculation that the union would win a 14 cent an hour wage increased after Shulman made a similar recommendation in an unrelated aircraft industry workers' collective bargaining case on February 9.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 36], "content_span": [37, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0034-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, WSB deliberations\nThe employers countered with testimony indicating the steel industry was on the verge of bankruptcy. When hearings resumed February 2, Retired Admiral Ben Moreell, president of Jones and Laughlin Steel Company, declared the steel industry to be financially insecure. He estimated the cost of the union's wage and benefit package at $1.08 an hour, not 30 to 50 cents an hour. The estimate was more than double the industry's previous assessment. Benjamin Fairless, meanwhile, testified that the wage demands would reduce steel industry profits so much that the federal government would lose more than $11 billion in tax revenues.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 36], "content_span": [37, 665]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0035-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, WSB deliberations\nThe employers also countered with a massive public relations campaign. The steel manufacturers had decided to wage a public relations campaign early in the wage dispute, possibly as early as August 1951. They coordinated their anti-union effort by forming a group called \"Steel Companies in the Wage Case\", and relied on the resources of the American Iron and Steel Institute as well. Designed to emphasize the patriotism of the steel companies during wartime, the public relations campaign was implemented in newspapers and on radio and television stations nationwide.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 36], "content_span": [37, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0035-0001", "contents": "1952 steel strike, WSB deliberations\nThe campaign attacked not only the union but also the WSB and the Truman administration generally. The public relations campaign asserted that \"runaway inflation\" would occur if steelworkers' pay rose even minimally. A pay increase, it was said, would ruin the economy of the Deep South, \"hamper the country's defense against atomic attack, undermine our foreign economic policy and introduce totalitarianism\". The steel industry also charged that union proposals would create such inefficiency that workers would be driven to \"radicalism and communism\" in sheer frustration. In United States Senate hearings after the strike ended, the Senate Committee on Labor and Public Welfare denounced the public relations campaign in very strong terms, accusing the steel companies of undermining the work of a government agency:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 36], "content_span": [37, 857]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0036-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, WSB deliberations\nThe steel industry completed making its case on February 14. Final arguments were made against the union shop. The issue had taken on increasing importance to the steel manufacturers over the previous three months. Many of the chief executives of the larger steel companies came to see themselves as the last bulwark against wholesale unionism. Fairless, in particular, felt that if the WSB included a union shop proposal in its recommendations, the ruling would put the government's imprimatur on unionization. The steel industry, it was felt, was the last defender of capitalism and the free market.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 36], "content_span": [37, 638]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0037-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, WSB deliberations\nThe steel wage panel concluded its hearings on February 16, 1952. The issues proved so numerous and complex, however, that the panel advised the Wage Stabilization Board that it needed until March 13 to complete its report. The union was asked to extend its strike deadline. Despite Murray's accusation that the government intended to provoke a strike, the union gave the WSB until March 20 to issue its wage ruling.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 36], "content_span": [37, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0038-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, WSB deliberations\nAs the hearings ended, OPS Director DiSalle resigned on February 15, 1952, in order to run for the U.S. Senate. Truman appointed Ellis Arnall, a former governor of Georgia, as DiSalle's successor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 36], "content_span": [37, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0039-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, WSB deliberations\nThe wage panel turned its report over to the Wage Stabilization Board on March 13.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 36], "content_span": [37, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0040-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Ruling and steel mill seizure\nThe union shop issue came to increasingly dominate the WSB's deliberations. Initially, Feinsinger refused to consider any issue other than wage increases. Feinsinger even refused to discuss the issue with his superior, Putnam. Feinsinger was under pressure to win support for a recommendation by a majority of the Board and issue a report before the union lost patience and struck. CIO and Steelworkers' counsel Arthur Goldberg persuaded the WSB's labor representatives to withhold their support for a recommendation until Feinsinger not only agreed to consider the union shop but recommend it to the president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 48], "content_span": [49, 660]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0041-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Ruling and steel mill seizure\nAs the WSB's deliberations stretched into March, Murray agreed to delay the strike deadline until April 8\u2014although he kept the public guessing about the union's plans until the day before the planned strike.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 48], "content_span": [49, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0042-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Ruling and steel mill seizure\nOn March 20, 1952, the Wage Stabilization Board issued its recommendations. The report called for an 18-month-long contract, with a pay increase of 12.5 cents retroactive to January 1, 1952, followed by a 2.5 cent an hour rise on June 30, 1952, and a 2.5 cent an hour rise on January 1, 1953. Various improvements to fringe benefits were also made. The board also recommended the union shop. In all, the cost of the pay hike ranged from 18 to 30 cents an hour, although 26 cents was the most quoted figure.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 48], "content_span": [49, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0042-0001", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Ruling and steel mill seizure\nThe vote was 12 to 6, with all industry members of the WSB in the minority. The Board had not, however, included an automatic cost-of-living adjustment and only brought fringe benefits up to parity with other industries. And by front-loading the contract, the Board had practically ensured that inflation would outpace the wage increase, contributing to economic stabilization.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 48], "content_span": [49, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0043-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Ruling and steel mill seizure\nReaction to the recommendations was overwhelmingly negative. Steel companies claimed they would need a $12 per ton increase in the price of steel in order to stay solvent. Nearly all Republicans in Congress denounced the recommendations, joined by a significant number of Democrats. The mass media portrayed the wage increase as political payback to the union for supporting Truman politically, and editorials accused the WSB of dereliction of duty in order to satisfy the union.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 48], "content_span": [49, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0044-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Ruling and steel mill seizure\nUnfortunately, President Truman's initial reaction to the WSB's recommendations was also negative. Based solely on press reports of the WSB report, Truman\u2014vacationing in Key West, Florida\u2014declared the recommendations to be economically destabilizing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 48], "content_span": [49, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0045-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Ruling and steel mill seizure\nThe union and employers immediately began bargaining over the terms of the wage recommendation and other, local issues. But negotiations proceeded slowly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 48], "content_span": [49, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0046-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Ruling and steel mill seizure\nDefense mobilization chief Charles Wilson, however, determined to upend the Wage Stabilization Board's recommendations. Wilson was convinced by Truman's remarks at the Key West press conference that the president would reject the Board's report. On March 21, Wilson met with steel industry officials to learn their views. On March 22, he consulted with Putnam and Arnall. On March 23, Wilson flew to Key West to speak with the president. The two men met the next morning. Wilson flew back to Washington that afternoon, convinced he had won Truman's consent to settle the steel wage dispute at a level two-thirds lower than the recommendation of the WSB.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 48], "content_span": [49, 702]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0047-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Ruling and steel mill seizure\nAs Wilson departed Key West, he made an off-hand remark that he believed the WSB recommendations would seriously destabilize the economy. Murray was outraged by the statement, and declared that it was Wilson who had wrecked national economic stabilization policy. Although Murray said he remained committed to resuming bargaining on March 26, he refused to meet with Wilson. Murray, working with Goldberg, had initially prepared a much stronger statement, but Feinsinger successfully pleaded with him to moderate his tone and language.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 48], "content_span": [49, 584]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0048-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Ruling and steel mill seizure\nFeinsinger, too, was deeply upset by Wilson's remarks. He had consulted with Wilson and Putnam on the proposed recommendations shortly before the release of the report, and Wilson had expressed no concerns then.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 48], "content_span": [49, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0049-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Ruling and steel mill seizure\nMeanwhile, Truman had changed his views on the recommendations. The White House staff had analyzed the WSB's report and concluded that the wage and benefit package did not violate stabilization guidelines. Truman's political advisors also worried that by repudiating the agency's recommendations, Truman was essentially repudiating his own economic policy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 48], "content_span": [49, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0050-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Ruling and steel mill seizure\nOn March 27, Wilson learned of the president's change of heart. Wilson met with Putnam, Arnall and Feinsinger, but was unable to win their assent to a large steel price increase. To convince them that the president had authorized the price increase, the four went to the White House that afternoon. At the meeting, Putnam and Arnall argued that the wage recommendations had not breached the stabilization guidelines, but Wilson's price increase would. Truman then stated that he had not given Wilson authority to negotiate higher steel prices.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 48], "content_span": [49, 592]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0051-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Ruling and steel mill seizure\nHumiliated and declaring his integrity was called into question by the president, Wilson resigned late on the afternoon of March 27. The resignation was made public three days later. Most press reports interpreted the resignation as a sign that Truman was capitulating to union demands. Truman named John R. Steelman, Assistant to the President of the United States (a post which would later become White House Chief of Staff), acting director.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 48], "content_span": [49, 493]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0052-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Ruling and steel mill seizure\nSteelman urged the employers and the union to begin negotiations again. The steel companies agreed to begin talks on March 30, but put them off until April 3. When talks did begin, the steel companies made the first economic offer to the union since negotiations began the previous November: A total wage and benefit package totaling 14.4 cents an hour, contingent on the companies receiving the maximum price increase allowed under the Capehart Amendment. The union rejected the offer. Arnall secretly offered the steel companies a price increase of $4.50 a ton on April 3, but the steel companies demanded at least $5.50 a ton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 48], "content_span": [49, 678]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0053-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Ruling and steel mill seizure\nTruman began to consider his options, and a seizure of the nation's steel mills seemed the most likely course. Truman was told that supplies of ammunition in Korea were low, and even a 10-day strike would endanger the war effort. Atomic weapons projects would be curtailed, 1,500 miles of highway would not be built, and U.S. commitments under the Mutual Defense Assistance Act could not be met\u2014which might encourage Soviet aggression. Truman ruled out use of the Taft\u2013Hartley Act, believing it was unfair and unlikely to ensure steel production.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 48], "content_span": [49, 595]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0053-0001", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Ruling and steel mill seizure\nConsideration was given to using Section 18 of the Selective Training and Service Act. Section 18 permitted the government to seize and operate manufacturing facilities if the manufacturer was unable to fulfill defense orders made by the government. Justice Department lawyers worried, however, because the act did not specifically mention failures to fulfill orders due to strikes, and because the government did not order steel directly from manufacturers. Section 18's mechanisms were cumbersome and time-consuming, and Defense leaders argued against its use. Most of Truman's advisors favored seizure of the steel mills under the inherent powers of the President as commander-in-chief.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 48], "content_span": [49, 738]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0054-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Ruling and steel mill seizure\nThe steel talks collapsed on April 4, and the union notified the steel manufacturers that day that it planned to call a nationwide strike which would begin at 12:01\u00a0a.m. on April 9.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 48], "content_span": [49, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0055-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Ruling and steel mill seizure\nAt 10:30\u00a0p.m. Eastern time, President Truman announced in a national television and radio address that he had issued Executive Order 10340 and he was ordering Secretary of Commerce Charles W. Sawyer to seize the nation's steel mills to ensure the continued production of steel. Truman attacked the steel companies' price demands, explained why he was not using the other legal options open to him, and called on the employers and union to meet in Washington the following day to negotiate a new collective bargaining agreement. The union immediately called off its strike, even though Sawyer announced he had no intention of giving them a wage increase.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 48], "content_span": [49, 702]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0056-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Legal action\nTwenty-seven minutes after the conclusion of Truman's speech, attorneys for Republic Steel and the Youngstown Sheet & Tube Company arrived at the door of United States district court Judge Walter Bastian with papers in hand to demand a temporary restraining order to prevent the seizure. Bastian refused to rule without hearing from the government and set argument for April 9 at 11:30\u00a0a.m.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0057-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Legal action\nThe case was assigned to Judge Alexander Holtzoff. Attorneys for the steel companies argued that the President lacked the constitutional authority to seize the steel mills and that the steel companies would suffer irreparable harm if the seizure were not enjoined. Holmes Baldridge, assistant attorney general in the Claims Division of the Justice Department, argued the case for the administration. Unprepared and unfamiliar with the issues, Baldridge argued that no irreparable harm would ensue and that the steel companies had an adequate remedy under the Federal Tort Claims Act. Holtzoff denied the temporary restraining order ten minutes after oral arguments concluded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 707]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0058-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Legal action\nThe press was almost unanimous in its condemnation of the steel mill seizure. The New York Daily News headline was typical: \"Truman Does a Hitler\". Only one newspaper with a sizeable circulation supported the President. Congress also reacted negatively. There were calls for Truman's impeachment, and a number of bills were introduced to strip the WSB of its powers, to permit the government to end the strike, and to withdraw congressional approval of the expenditure of funds to operate the steel plants. The steel companies also condemned the action.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 585]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0058-0001", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Legal action\nClarence B. Randall, president of Inland Steel, gave a nationally-broadcast speech on April 9 that attacked Truman and the Steelworkers. The employers' public relations group, Steel Companies in the Wage Case, undertook an ambitious advertising campaign against the administration. Full -page advertisements in major metropolitan newspapers appeared the next day that excoriated the seizure, and within a week, tens of thousands of pamphlets and fact sheets had been produced supporting the steel manufacturers' position.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0059-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Legal action, District court ruling\nThe steel companies next sought a permanent restraining order. On April 10, Bethlehem Steel, Jones and Laughlin Steel, Republic Steel and Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. asked Judge Bastian to hear their case, but Bastian recused himself because he held 30 shares of stock in the Sharon Steel Corporation. The case was assigned to Judge David Pine, who set oral argument for April 24.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 54], "content_span": [55, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0060-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Legal action, District court ruling\nAs preparations for the district court hearing began, the government tried to secure a wage settlement. Independent talks failed. Sawyer oversaw the next round of negotiations, and his personal intervention did not work. Arnall threatened to give the steel companies no price rise, and Putnam ordered a $3-per-ton price increase. Neither tactic budged the steelmakers. Sawyer threatened to impose a wage increase, but that stratagem failed. Sawyer then formally gave the workers a small pay raise; once more, the talks stalled.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 54], "content_span": [55, 582]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0061-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Legal action, District court ruling\nJudge Pine began the hearing on schedule. The steel companies focused on the issue of equitable relief. The employers' attorneys pointed out that they could not make a claim for relief if the courts found the seizure illegal. Additionally, the Federal Tort Claims Act required the government to give its consent to be sued for relief, which the government had not done. Judge Pine pressed the steel company attorneys to address the constitutional issue, which the government had strongly emphasized in its briefs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 54], "content_span": [55, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0061-0001", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Legal action, District court ruling\nMost of the company attorneys seemed shocked by Pine's request and were unable to address the issue, but Charles Tuttle, counsel for Armco Steel, squarely argued the issue. In his counterargument the following day, Baldridge claimed that the courts had no authority to enjoin the President and then argued that the court should ignore the constitutional issue if it could decide the case on grounds of equity. Baldridge relied heavily on Ex parte Merryman 17 F. Cas. 144 (1861), Mississippi v. Johnson 71 U.S. 475 (1866), In re Debs 158 U.S. 564 (1895) and United States v. Pewee Coal Co. 341 U.S. 114 (1951) as justification for the government's claims of unfettered executive power.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 54], "content_span": [55, 739]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0062-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Legal action, District court ruling\nBaldridge's claims of unlimited executive power created a firestorm of negative opinion on April 26. Newspapers denounced the claim, public opinion ran heavily against the president, and members of Congress took to the floor of their respective chambers to attack the argument. Truman was forced to issue a denial of Baldridge's assertion, but the pressure on the administration continued unabated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 54], "content_span": [55, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0063-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Legal action, District court ruling\nJudge Pine issued his opinion at 4:45\u00a0p.m. on April 29 and declared: \"There is no express grant of power in the Constitution authorizing the President to direct this seizure. There is no grant of power from which it reasonably can be implied. There is no enactment of Congress authorizing it.\" The government, Pine wrote, had said in its brief that it \"does 'not perceive how Article II (of the Constitution) can be read so as to limit the Presidential power to meet all emergencies,' and... claims that the finding of the emergency is 'not subject to judicial review.' To my mind this spells a form of government alien to our Constitutional government of limited powers. I therefore find that the acts of defendant are illegal and without authority of law.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 54], "content_span": [55, 813]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0064-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Legal action, District court ruling\nPine's decision was read as a ringing defense of limited government and was widely praised by the press and Congress, but a furious Philip Murray ordered union members on strike on April 30, and federal officials made plans to curb commercial construction projects, cut back automobile production, and shutter consumer appliance factories.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 54], "content_span": [55, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0065-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Legal action, Appellate court ruling\nAt 10:00\u00a0a.m. on April 30, the government asked Judge Pine to stay his injunction, but he declined. Minutes later, the government filed papers for a stay with the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. The Court of Appeals decided to hear the case en banc. Oral argument began at 3:15\u00a0p.m. and lasted three hours. The government forcefully argued that the national defense was imperiled by the strike; only a stay of the district court injunction would induce the union to return to work. The steel companies disagreed, and attempted to focus the court's attention on the irreparable harm the companies were suffering.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 55], "content_span": [56, 690]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0066-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Legal action, Appellate court ruling\nAfter deliberating for 40 minutes, the judges delivered their verdict. In a 5-4 ruling, the Court of Appeals stayed the district court's injunction but only until 4:30\u00a0p.m. on Friday, May 2. If a request for certiorari were filed with and accepted by the US Supreme Court, the stay would continue until the Supreme Court ruled on the case. If the Supreme Court denied certiorari, the stay would end.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 55], "content_span": [56, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0067-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Legal action, Appellate court ruling\nAttorneys for the steel companies were shocked by the ruling. They applied to the court for an amendment to the ruling requiring maintenance of the status quo. The court agreed to hear the application. At 10:27\u00a0a.m. on May 1, the Court of Appeals heard 45 minutes of oral argument from each side. The court reconvened at 1:30\u00a0p.m. and announced in a 5-4 ruling that it was denying the petition for an amended ruling.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 55], "content_span": [56, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0068-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Legal action, Appellate court ruling\nOn the evening of May 1, Truman called Murray and asked for the strike to be called off pending a ruling of the Supreme Court. Murray agreed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 55], "content_span": [56, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0069-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Legal action, Supreme Court ruling\nOn May 2 around 10:30\u00a0a.m., the federal government attempted to file its appeal to the US Supreme Court. However, the steel companies had already filed (at 9:00\u00a0a.m.), which permitted them to open and close oral argument. In accepting the case, the Supreme Court ruled for no material change in the terms and conditions of employment to be made. The ruling was inopportune since President Truman had called steelmakers and the union to the White House that morning to reach an agreement.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 53], "content_span": [54, 541]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0069-0001", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Legal action, Supreme Court ruling\nAt roughly 3:00\u00a0p.m., after Sawyer, Fairless and Murray had bargained for five hours, a tentative agreement had been reached, but word of the Supreme Court's acceptance of the case led the steel executives to back out of the deal. With Truman unable to force a resolution by threatening to impose a contract, the steelmakers' hands were strengthened. Talks continued sporadically until May 10, but Sawyer ended them when it became clear that the employers were not willing to come to an agreement.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 53], "content_span": [54, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0070-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Legal action, Supreme Court ruling\nAlthough a quick decision was expected from the court, the ruling was nearly two weeks in coming. Meanwhile, the steelmakers continued to press their public relations advantage against the Truman administration and the WSB: \"Hitler and Mussolini did the same thing in Germany and Italy as Truman has done in the United States,\" declared Thomas E. Millsop, president of Weirton Steel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 53], "content_span": [54, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0071-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Legal action, Supreme Court ruling\nThe Steelworkers held their annual convention while the court deliberated. Murray strongly condemned the actions of the steel manufacturers and declared that if a wage and benefit increase similar to the WSB's recommendation was not forthcoming, the union would strike. Murray declared that if the president attempted to use the Taft\u2013Hartley Act, the union would not only resist but also strike again as soon as the cooling-off period was over.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 53], "content_span": [54, 498]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0072-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Legal action, Supreme Court ruling\nOn June 2, 1952, in a 6\u20133 ruling, the Supreme Court declared in Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer that the President lacked the authority to seize the steel mills. Writing for a heavily-divided majority, Justice Hugo Black held that the President had no authority under the Constitution to seize private property on the grounds of national security. Since Congress had not otherwise authorized the president to seize the steel mills, the President could not do so.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 53], "content_span": [54, 522]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0073-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Strike\nThe Supreme Court's ruling came at noon, and the government returned the mills to their owners that afternoon. The Steelworkers went on strike a few hours later in companies that included Armco Steel, Bethlehem Steel, Great Lakes Steel Corporation, Inland Steel, Jones and Laughlin Steel, Republic Steel, Sharon Steel, U.S. Steel, Wheeling Steel, and Youngstown Sheet and Tube as well as numerous small manufacturers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 25], "content_span": [26, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0074-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Strike\nThe evening of June 2, Truman called a meeting of his top advisors to discuss what to do. Attending the meeting were Attorney-General James P. McGranery, who had been confirmed by the Senate on May 20; Solicitor General Philip Perlman; Secretary of Defense Robert A. Lovett; White House Counsel Charles S. Murphy; Press Secretary Joseph Short; Steelman; and Sawyer. The group discussed invoking Taft\u2013Hartley but felt that the union would resent it and that the law would do little to end the strike.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 25], "content_span": [26, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0075-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Strike\nTruman convened a second meeting the next morning. Several other advisors were also present, in addition to the initial group: former White House Counsels and close Truman confidantes Sam Rosenman and Clark Clifford; Secretary of Labor Maurice J. Tobin; and National Production Authority director Henry H. Fowler. The group considered but rejected both the use of Taft\u2013Hartley and asking Congress for legislation to end the strike, but those courses of action were both rejected. Instead, the group decided to sponsor additional talks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 25], "content_span": [26, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0076-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Strike\nNew collective bargaining talks opened in Pittsburgh on June 5 that were productive but foundered on the issue of the union shop.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 25], "content_span": [26, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0077-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Strike\nThe economic impact of the strike began to be felt immediately. Layoffs in a number of steel-dependent industries occurred only two days after the strike began. National defense mobilization authorities began denying manufacturers of consumer goods steel four days after the strike started, and they banned the export of steel on June 10. By June 17, defense plants producing the M47 Patton tank, the M41 Walker Bulldog tank, trucks, bazooka rockets, and mortar shells had all shut down or were running half- or quarter-shifts. By June 21, consumer inventories of steel were almost gone, which forced manufacturing shutdowns in the auto industry. As the Independence Day holiday neared, most inventories of steel were gone even from defense stockpiles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 25], "content_span": [26, 778]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0078-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Strike, Union strategy\nThe union's collective bargaining strategy was two-pronged. The union participated in all collective bargaining talks to seek a national master contract but the union also devised a divide-and-conquer strategy in which it attempted to secure contracts with weaker, often smaller, steelmakers. The first success at the second strategy came at Lukens Steel (later purchased by Bethlehem Steel) on June 11. A tentative agreement was reached with major steel producer Bethlehem Steel on June 23, but the other manufacturers forced the company to retract its agreement and to cancel the deal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 41], "content_span": [42, 629]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0079-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Strike, Union strategy\nThe union also had to forestall invocation of the Taft\u2013Hartley Act. Union leaders felt they had already delayed long enough (five months) and that further delays would only harm union members. Truman was under intense pressure from Congress and his own aides to invoke Taft\u2013Hartley. Murray reiterated the union's opposition to the law and its intention to fight an injunction, statements thattended to inflame emotions and delay a resolution to the strike.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 41], "content_span": [42, 498]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0080-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Strike, Union strategy\nMurray also worried that the impact of the strike on national defense would turn the public against the strike. On June 19, a limited number of union members agreed to return to work to finish and to deliver steel for certain critical defense needs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 41], "content_span": [42, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0081-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Strike, Changing  Tactics\nCongress was active in the strike as well, both house passing nonbinding resolutions urging Truman to use the Taft\u2013Hartley Act to end the strike and introducing or passing various bills to permit the president to end the strike. Ultimately, however, Congress did not act before the strike ended.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 44], "content_span": [45, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0082-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Strike, Changing  Tactics\nThe first break in the strike came Pittsburgh Steel signed an agreement with the union on June 27. The agreement significantly undercut employer solidarity in the strike, and the six largest employers (Bethlehem, Inland, Jones and Laughlin, Republic, U.S. Steel, and Youngstown Sheet and Tube) worried that enough small employers would sign agreements to make the strike uneconomical.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 44], "content_span": [45, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0083-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Strike, Changing  Tactics\nThe employers responded by attempting to make the union shop the major strike issue. The six largest employers first bolstered the resistance of the other manufacturers by declaring that the strike would be a long and arduous one. The steel companies then changed the strategy of their public relations campaign, emphasizing the union's proposal for a union shop. Those changes in strategy reinforced the decision of the smaller producers to refuse to sign a contract on the union's terms. On July 3, all holdout employers signed a \"no union shop\" pledge. Union president Philip Murray was forced onto the employer's ground to defend the union shop, which the organization had sought for more than 15 years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 44], "content_span": [45, 752]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0084-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Strike, Changing  Tactics\nThe next day, the union shifted its strategy as well. Fairless' November 1951 public announcement that the employers would not bargain unless they were guaranteed a price increase was a clear unfair labor practice (ULP), but the union had never filed a ULP with the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB). Truman declared his belief that the steel companies were engaged in \"a conspiracy against the public interest.\" The United Steelworkers finally filed ULP charges with the NLRB, and they threatened as well to file an antitrust suit in federal court against the six biggest steelmakers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 44], "content_span": [45, 634]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0085-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Strike, Changing  Tactics\nThose legal strategies held significant risks for the employers and led to a new round of negotiations. Secret talks were held in Pittsburgh on July 10. Agreement was reached once more on almost all economic and noneconomic issues except for the union shop. Although the talks ended without an agreement, most observers felt the parties were close to a settlement. Something was needed to push the parties toward an agreement.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 44], "content_span": [45, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0086-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Strike, Changing  Tactics\nWhite House chief of staff John Steelman demanded on July 14 for the parties to continue to meet, and they did so. The talks collapsed again July 16 later over the union shop.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 44], "content_span": [45, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0087-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Strike, Weaker employers\nFirstly, small steelmakers once more began breaking ranks. The union settled another contract with a small steel manufacturer on July 17. Several other agreements seemed near, leading the larger companies to fear that they were losing the battle for employer sentiment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 43], "content_span": [44, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0088-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Strike, Weaker employers\nSecondly, the Office of Price Stabilization agreed to a new, higher price increase to steel mills for $5.60 a ton. Putnam offered the steelmakers the new price on July 15 but made it conditional on a swift conclusion to the strike. The price increase worsened the position of the six largest employers, as opposed to the smaller manufacturers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 43], "content_span": [44, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0089-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Strike, Weaker employers\nThird, Truman let it be known that he considered nationalizing the steel mills under Section 18 of the Selective Service Act. Truman made the decision to invoke Section 18 in mid-June. To overcome the legal objections to the Act's use that had been raised in early April, the government began placing direct orders for steel on June 12. On July 19, The New York Times reported that Truman was expected to invoke Section 18 within a week. The threat of another government takeover of the steel mills, this time on solid legal ground, with adequate preparation by the government, and with the appearance of even-handedness (steelworkers would be drafted and ordered to work in the mills), brought the manufacturers to the bargaining table again.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 43], "content_span": [44, 787]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0090-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Strike, Weaker employers\nNegotiations resumed in Pittsburgh the day after the newspaper report. The talks broke down a day later. Sensing weakness on the management side, the union's executive board voted to reject all previously-agreed tentative contract terms. Desperate employers made a dramatic personal appearance before the Steelworkers' executive board and asked the union to drop its demand for the union shop and signoff on the tentative contract terms, but the union refused.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 43], "content_span": [44, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0091-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Strike, Weaker employers\nBy now, the strike had severely affected the nation. Half-a-million workers were laid off, as companies lacked enough steel to keep plants running. The number of railroad cars loaded in the week ending July 7, 1952 was the lowest since records had been kept, and many railroads began to suffer financial difficulty. California growers faced a loss of $200 million because there was not enough tin to make cans for their crops. On July 22, the US Army shut down its largest shellmaking plant due to a lack of steel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 43], "content_span": [44, 558]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0092-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Strike, Weaker employers\nThe shutdown of the Army facility was the last straw for Truman. On the evening of July 23, he ordered the steelmakers and the union to meet in the White House the following day and settle the strike. At 10:00\u00a0a.m. on July 24, Murray and Fairless were ushered into the Oval Office. Truman informed the two men of top-secret statistics that showed the US war effort in Korea was being crippled. The President then told Fairless: \"You can settle this thing, Ben, and you've got to settle it.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 43], "content_span": [44, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0092-0001", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Strike, Weaker employers\nI want it settled by tomorrow morning, or I will have some things to say that you won't like to hear, and I will have to do some things you won't like.\" Fairless started in surprise. Truman then turned to Murray and said, \"Phil, you've got to settle this thing too. Now go in there in the Cabinet room, and I want you to come out with a settlement.\" Both men adjourned to the Cabinet Room. At 4:45\u00a0p.m., Fairless and Murray told Truman that they had reached an agreement. Steelman witnessed its signing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 43], "content_span": [44, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0093-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Outcome\nThe strike was settled on essentially the same terms offered to the employers at the start of the strike. Workers received a 16-cents-an-hour wage increase, and a 6-cents-an-hour increase in fringe benefits. The wage and benefit package was a penny lower than the WSB had recommended but was markedly higher than anything the employers had publicly offered. The workers also won a version of the union shop in  which new employees were required to join the union but could resign between the 15th and the 30th day of employment, which few were expected to do.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 26], "content_span": [27, 586]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0094-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Outcome\nThe strike led to significant economic costs. The loss of economic output was estimated at $4 billion (equivalent to approximately $38,511,278,195 in 2019 dollars), 1.5 million people were pushed into unemployment before full steel production resumed, and the Federal Reserve estimated that industrial output dropped to 1949 levels. More than 19 million tons of steel were lost, roughly 90 percent of all steel production for a two-month period.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 26], "content_span": [27, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0094-0001", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Outcome\nNearly four fifths of the nation's small defense contractors were forced to close, and officials observed that several thousand small- and medium-sized businesses would close or run on a part-time basis until steel production resumed (it would take three weeks before furnaces could be cleaned, relit, and brought into production and four weeks for steel to reach manufacturers).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 26], "content_span": [27, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0095-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Outcome\nThe strike led Congress to strip the Wage Stabilization Board of its labor dispute resolution powers. President Truman struggled to reconstitute the Board in his remaining five months in office. The Board never resumed full operation, and it was abolished by President Eisenhower in March 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 26], "content_span": [27, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070263-0096-0000", "contents": "1952 steel strike, Outcome\nMurray and the leaders of the union considered the strike to be a significant win. The union had avoided the imposition of a Taft\u2013Hartley injunction, Truman had gone to significant lengths to protect the union, and the union shop was won for the first time in the steel industry.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 26], "content_span": [27, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070264-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 \u00darvalsdeild, Overview\nIt was contested by 5 teams, and KR won the championship. \u00cdA's R\u00edkhar\u00f0ur J\u00f3nsson was the top scorer with 6 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 26], "content_span": [27, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070265-0000-0000", "contents": "1952 \u00darvalsdeild karla\nThe 1952 Icelandic Basketball Tournament was the 1st season of the top tier men's basketball league in Iceland. The season started on April 21, 1952 and ended on April 29, 1952. \u00cdKF won the inaugural title by posting the best record in the league. The \u00cdKF team had the advantage of its close proximity with the Naval Air Station Keflavik and therefore could regularly play competitive games with American players who had high school and college experience. They were furthermore coached by two American naval personnel, Gene Crowley and John Wahl. During the tournament, \u00cdKF won all four of its games with an average of 10.8 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 655]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070265-0001-0000", "contents": "1952 \u00darvalsdeild karla, Competition format\nThe participating teams played each other once for a total of 4 games. The top team won the national championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 42], "content_span": [43, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070266-0000-0000", "contents": "1952/1953 News of the World Snooker Tournament\nThe 1952/1953 News of the World Snooker Tournament was a professional snooker tournament sponsored by the News of the World. The tournament was won by Joe Davis who won all of 8 matches. He finished ahead of Jackie Rea who won 5 matches. The News of the World Snooker Tournament ran from 1949/50 to 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070266-0001-0000", "contents": "1952/1953 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Format\nThe 1952/53 event was a round-robin snooker tournament and was played from 8 September 1952 to 17 January 1953. All matches were played at Leicester Square Hall in London. There were 9 competitors and a total of 36 matches. The competitors were Joe Davis, Fred Davis, Walter Donaldson, John Barrie, Albert Brown, Alec Brown, John Pulman, Jackie Rea and Sidney Smith. Jackie Read had won the qualifying event. Each match lasted three days and was the best of 37 frames.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 54], "content_span": [55, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070266-0002-0000", "contents": "1952/1953 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Format\nEach match was separately handicapped. Joe Davis played level with Fred Davis and gave Walter Donaldson 10, Albert Brown and John Pulman 14, Sidney Smith 17, John Barrie and Alec Brown 18 and Jackie Rea 21. Fred Davis gave Walter Donaldson, Albert Brown and Sidney Smith 7, Alec Brown 12, John Pulman 14, John Barrie 18 and Jackie Rea 21. Walter Donaldson played level with Sidney Smith and gave Albert Brown 7, Alec Brown and John Pulman 10, John Barrie 12 and Jackie Rea 18.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 54], "content_span": [55, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070266-0002-0001", "contents": "1952/1953 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Format\nSidney Smith played level with Albert Brown and John Pulman and gave Alec Brown 10, John Barrie 14 and Jackie Rea 18. Albert Brown gave John Pulman 5, Alec Brown 7, John Barrie 10 and Jackie Rea 16. John Pulman gave John Barrie and Alec Brown 7 and Jackie Rea 14. John Barrie played level with Alec Brown 7 and gave Jackie Rea 12. Alec Brown gave Jackie Rea 14.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 54], "content_span": [55, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070266-0003-0000", "contents": "1952/1953 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Results\nDespite giving between 10 and 21 points each frame, Joe Davis won his first seven matches comfortably. Playing level with brother Fred in the last match Joe won 26\u201311 to finished undefeated. Jackie Rea, who received between 12 and 21 points in all his matches, finished second.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 55], "content_span": [56, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070266-0004-0000", "contents": "1952/1953 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Results\nJoe Davis made a break of 122 on 5 December, in his match against John Pulman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 55], "content_span": [56, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070266-0005-0000", "contents": "1952/1953 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Results\nThe positions were determined firstly by the number of matches won (MW) and, in the event of a tie, the number of frames won (FW). Albert Brown conceded his two matches scheduled for the week of 13 to 18 October. He played the first day of his match against Jackie Rea, trailing 10\u20132 but was then ill. Rea played a two-day exhibition match against John Pulman, while Fred Davis played a three-day exhibition match against Rex Williams, In the final table the matches were scored as 19\u201318 wins.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 55], "content_span": [56, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070266-0006-0000", "contents": "1952/1953 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Qualifying\nThe qualifying tournament was played from 5 May to 7 June 1952. These matches were also played at Leicester Square Hall in London. As in the main event, each match lasted three days and was the best of 37 frames. There were 5 competitors: Kingsley Kennerley, Jim Lees, Jackie Rea, Willie Smith and Rex Williams. The qualifying was won by Jackie Rea who advanced to the main event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 58], "content_span": [59, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070266-0007-0000", "contents": "1952/1953 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Broadcasting\nOn 6 December the BBC showed two short, 30 minute, TV programmes of the final day of the match between Joe Davis and John Pulman. The commentators were Raymond Glendenning and  Sidney Smith.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070267-0000-0000", "contents": "1952/53 NTFL season\nThe 1952/53 NTFL season was the 32nd season of the Northern Territory Football League (NTFL).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070267-0001-0000", "contents": "1952/53 NTFL season\nWaratah won their 10th premiership title while defeating the Buffaloes in the grand final by 23 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070268-0000-0000", "contents": "19521 Chaos\n19521 Chaos is a cubewano, a Kuiper-belt object not in resonance with any planet. It is a possible dwarf planet, but is likely not a solid body. Chaos was discovered in 1998 by the Deep Ecliptic Survey with Kitt Peak's 4\u00a0m telescope. Its albedo is 0.050+0.030\u22120.016, making it, with its absolute magnitude (H) of 4.8, 600+140\u2212130\u00a0km in diameter. It is named after the primeval state of existence in Greek mythology, from which the first gods appeared.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [11, 11], "content_span": [12, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070268-0001-0000", "contents": "19521 Chaos, Orbit\n19521 Chaos has an orbital period of approximately 309\u00a0years. Its orbit is longer, but less eccentric than the orbit of Pluto. 19521 Chaos's orbit is inclined approximately 12\u00b0 to the ecliptic. Its orbit never crosses the orbit of Neptune. Currently, the closest approach possible to Neptune (MOID) is 12.5\u00a0AU (1.87\u00a0billion\u00a0km).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 18], "content_span": [19, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070268-0002-0000", "contents": "19521 Chaos, Orbit\nChaos is at perihelion around Christmas 2033, coming as close as 40\u00a0AUs from Earth. Its brightest magnitude will be 20.8.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 18], "content_span": [19, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070268-0003-0000", "contents": "19521 Chaos, Physical characteristics\nChaos is a dark object, with an albedo estimated at 5%, implying a diameter of 600\u00a0km. It rotates slowly in 3.985\u00a0days. According to Brown, it is a likely dwarf planet.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 37], "content_span": [38, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070269-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 1re s\u00e9rie season\nThe 1952\u201353 1re s\u00e9rie season was the 32nd season of the 1re s\u00e9rie, the top level of ice hockey in France. Four teams participated in the final tournament, Paris Universit\u00e9 Club won their first and only championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070270-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 AHL season\nThe 1952\u201353 AHL season was the 17th season of the American Hockey League. The league loses two teams, bringing an end to East & West Divisions. The F. G. \"Teddy\" Oke Trophy is now awarded to the regular season champions. Seven teams played 64 games each in the schedule. The Cleveland Barons won their ninth Oke Trophy, and their sixth Calder Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070270-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 AHL season, Final standings\nNote: GP = Games played; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; GF = Goals for; GA = Goals against; Pts = Points;", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 35], "content_span": [36, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070270-0002-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 AHL season, Scoring leaders\nNote: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; PIM = Penalty minutes", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 35], "content_span": [36, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070271-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Aberdeen F.C. season\nThe 1952\u201353 season was Aberdeen's 40th season in the top flight of Scottish football and their 42nd season overall. Aberdeen competed in the Scottish League Division One, Scottish League Cup, and the Scottish Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070272-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Al Ahly SC season\nIn the 1952\u201353 season, Al Ahly won the double for the second time after winning it in the 1950\u201351 season, by winning the league for the fourth time, with only two points ahead of Zamalek, and winning the Egypt Cup after defeating Zamalek in the final 4\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070272-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Al Ahly SC season\nThe Egyptian Football Association decided this season to play the Cairo League with the youth teams instead of the first team as usual.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070272-0002-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Al Ahly SC season, League Table\n(C)= Champions, (R)= Relegated, Pld = Matches played; W = Matches won; D = Matches drawn; L = Matches lost; F = Goals for; A = Goals against; \u00b1 = Goal difference; Pts = Points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 39], "content_span": [40, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070273-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Allsvenskan, Overview\nThe league was contested by 12 teams, with Malm\u00f6 FF winning the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 29], "content_span": [30, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070274-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Allsvenskan (men's handball)\nThe 1952\u201353 Allsvenskan was the 19th season of the top division of Swedish handball. It was the first season where the title of Swedish Champions was awarded to the winner of the league, with Svenska m\u00e4sterskapet being discontinued after the previous season. 10 teams competed in the league. IFK Kristianstad won the league and claimed their fourth Swedish title. Karlstads BIK and N\u00e4sby IF were relegated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070276-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Arsenal F.C. season\nDuring the 1952\u201353 English football season, Arsenal F.C. competed in the Football League First Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070276-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Arsenal F.C. season, Season summary\nAfter finishing third the previous term, Arsenal battled with Preston North End in the 1952/53 season for the title, and ultimately finished level on points; however, Arsenal won the league for the seventh time on goal average, by a margin of 0.099. With Preston having won their final game of the season two days before Arsenal faced Burnley in their final match, it meant Arsenal needed to win to claim the title. Goals from Alex Forbes, Jimmy Logie and Doug Lishman ensured a 3\u20132 win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070276-0002-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Arsenal F.C. season, Season summary\nIn the FA Cup, Arsenal beat Doncaster Rovers, Bury and Burnley before being knocked out by eventual winners Blackpool in the quarter-finals. The Gunners' biggest win was joint between the cup win over Bury and a league fixture against Derby County; both were won 6\u20132. Their highest scoring match was a 6\u20134 triumph at Reading, and their top scorer Doug Lishman, who scored 25 goals in all competitions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070277-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Austrian football championship, Overview\nIt was contested by 14 teams, and FK Austria Wien won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 48], "content_span": [49, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070278-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Baltimore Bullets season\nThe 1952-53 NBA season was the Bullets' 6th season in the NBA. The team featured Hall of Fame center Don Barksdale. Their .229 winning percentage is the lowest of any team in the four major North American sports leagues to qualify for the playoffs. The Bullets never again made the playoffs, and the franchise folded midway through the 1954-55 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070278-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Baltimore Bullets season, Playoffs, East Division Semifinals\n(1) New York Knicks vs. (4) Baltimore Bullets: Knicks win series 2-0", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 68], "content_span": [69, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070278-0002-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Baltimore Bullets season, Playoffs, East Division Semifinals\nLast Playoff Meeting: 1949 Eastern Division Semifinals (New York won 2-1)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 68], "content_span": [69, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070279-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Belgian First Division, Overview\nIt was contested by 16 teams, and R.F.C. de Li\u00e8ge won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070280-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Birmingham City F.C. season\nThe 1952\u201353 Football League season was Birmingham City Football Club's 50th in the Football League and their 22nd in the Second Division. They finished in sixth position in the 22-team division. They entered the 1952\u201353 FA Cup at the third round proper and lost to Tottenham Hotspur in the sixth round (quarter-final) after two replays.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070280-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Birmingham City F.C. season\nTwenty-seven players made at least one appearance in nationally organised first-team competition, and there were fifteen different goalscorers. Full -back Ken Green was ever-present through the 49-game season, and Peter Murphy was top scorer with 26 goals, of which 20 came in the league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070281-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Blackpool F.C. season\nThe 1952\u201353 season was Blackpool F.C. 's 45th season (42nd consecutive) in the Football League. They competed in the 22-team Division One, then the top tier of English football, finishing seventh.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070281-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Blackpool F.C. season\nThey were also the winners of the FA Cup, the only time they have done so to date, beating Bolton Wanderers 4\u20133 in the final. Although it subsequently became known as \"The Matthews Final\", Stan Mortensen, Blackpool's top scorer in all competitions that season, scored a hat-trick in the match. It remained the only such feat achieved in an FA Cup Final held at the original Wembley Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070281-0002-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Blackpool F.C. season\nStan Mortensen was the club's top scorer for the ninth consecutive season, with eighteen goals in all competitions. He shared the accolade in the league with Allan Brown. The two scored fifteen goals apiece.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070282-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Boston Bruins season\nThe 1952\u201353 Boston Bruins season was the Bruins' 29th season in the National Hockey League (NHL).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070283-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Boston Celtics season\nThe 1952\u201353 NBA season was the Celtics' 7th season in the NBA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 92]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070284-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Bradford City A.F.C. season\nThe 1952\u201353 Bradford City A.F.C. season was the 40th in the club's history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070284-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Bradford City A.F.C. season\nThe club finished 16th in Division Three North, and reached the 2nd round of the FA Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070285-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Brentford F.C. season\nDuring the 1952\u201353 English football season, Brentford competed in the Football League Second Division. A forgettable season, during which Tommy Lawton was appointed as the club's player-manager, ended with a 17th-place finish.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070285-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Brentford F.C. season, Season summary\nBrentford's 1952\u201353 pre-season preparations were thrown into disarray by the departure of secretary-manager Jackie Gibbons in August 1952. In his letter of resignation, Gibbons wrote of having failed to see \"eye to eye\" with the Brentford board. Long-serving assistant manager Jimmy Bain took over as caretaker until a permanent appointment could be made. 34-year-old forward Les Smith was the club's only signing and returned to Griffin Park after six years with Aston Villa. Half backs Bill Slater and forwards Johnny Paton and Jimmy Bowie were the only departures of note.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 621]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070285-0002-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Brentford F.C. season, Season summary\nBrentford had a poor start to the Second Division season and won just five of the opening 20 matches. Four defeats and no wins in a five-match spell in September 1952 led caretaker Bain to break up his settled XI and experiment with moving players into different positions. Want-away captain Ron Greenwood left for First Division club Chelsea in October 1952 and forward Jimmy D'Arcy arrived in part-exchange. The tide began to turn after back to back victories over Barnsley on Christmas Day and Boxing Day. Forward Tommy Lawton was announced as Brentford's player-manager on 2 January 1953 and Jimmy Bain reverted to his role as assistant. Lawton was unbeaten in 9 of his first 12 matches, but the team lost confidence after a pair of heavy defeats in March and slumped to a 17th-place finish.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 841]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070286-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 British Home Championship\nThe 1952\u201353 British Home Championship was a football tournament played between the British Home Nations throughout the 1952\u201353 season. The tournament saw a last minute goal by Lawrie Reilly in the final game at Wembley which salvaged a draw and thus a share in the trophy for Scotland. England were the other winners whilst both Wales and Ireland played well in a very competitive competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070286-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 British Home Championship\nEngland began with a draw against a combative Irish team in a game which finished 2\u20132. The Scots however were able to narrowly beat Wales in Cardiff, taking the lead after the first round. In the second games, Scotland and Ireland played another score draw, keeping both sides tournament hopes alive, albeit behind England, who comprehensively beat Wales in their game. The final matches saw a battling Wales side defeat the Irish in Belfast, ending Ireland's lively hopes for the trophy and gaining some pride in the two points necessary to match Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 590]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070286-0001-0001", "contents": "1952\u201353 British Home Championship\nEngland and Scotland played out the final match knowing that the winner would take the trophy, but that a draw would share it between them as goal difference was not yet used to determine position. A very hotly contested game looked to be going England's way until the 90th minute when Reilly's late goal, his second of the game, gave half the trophy to Scotland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070287-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 British Ice Hockey season\nThe 1952\u201353 British Ice Hockey season featured the English National League and Scottish National League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070288-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Buffalo Bulls men's basketball team\nThe 1952\u201353 Buffalo Bulls men's basketball team represented the University of Buffalo during the 1952\u201353 NCAA college men's basketball season. The head coach was Malcolm S. Eiken, coaching his seventh season with the Bulls.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070289-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Bulgarian Hockey League season\nThe 1952\u201353 Bulgarian Hockey League season was the second season of the Bulgarian Hockey League, the top level of ice hockey in Bulgaria. Seven teams participated in the league, and HK Udarnik Sofia won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070290-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Cardiff City F.C. season\nThe 1952\u201353 season was Cardiff City F.C. 's 26th season in the Football League. They competed in the 22-team Division One, then the first tier of English football, finishing twelfth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070290-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Cardiff City F.C. season, Season review, FA Cup\nEntering in the third round, Cardiff were eliminated by Football League Third Division North side Halifax Town after a 3\u20131 defeat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 55], "content_span": [56, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070290-0002-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Cardiff City F.C. season, Season review, Welsh Cup\nAfter a 5\u20132 victory over Merthyr Tydfil in the fifth round, Cardiff received a bye into the seventh round, advancing to the semi-finals with a 3\u20132 win over Barry Town. Their campaign came to an end following a 1\u20130 semi-final defeat to Rhyl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 58], "content_span": [59, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070290-0003-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Cardiff City F.C. season, Players\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 41], "content_span": [42, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070291-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Carlisle United F.C. season\nFor the 1952\u201353 season, Carlisle United F.C. competed in Football League Third Division North.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070292-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Celtic F.C. season\nDuring the 1952\u201353 Scottish football season, Celtic competed in Scottish Division A.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070293-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Chester F.C. season\nThe 1952\u201353 season was the 15th season of competitive association football in the Football League played by Chester, an English club based in Chester, Cheshire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070293-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Chester F.C. season\nIt was the club's 15th consecutive season in the Third Division North since the election to the Football League. Alongside competing in the league, the club also participated in the FA Cup and the Welsh Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070294-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Chicago Black Hawks season\nThe 1952\u201353 Chicago Black Hawks season was the team's 27th season in the NHL, and they were coming off of two consecutive seasons of finishing in last place in the six team NHL. The Black Hawks had a record of 17\u201344\u20139 in 1951\u201352, missing the playoffs for the sixth straight season. In 1952\u201353, the Black Hawks qualified for the playoffs, losing in the first round to the Montreal Canadiens.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 425]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070294-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Chicago Black Hawks season, Off-season\nIn the off-season, the Black Hawks and Toronto Maple Leafs completed a trade which sent Harry Lumley to Toronto for Al Rollins, Cal Gardner and Gus Mortson. Chicago also fired head coach Ebbie Goodfellow, and replaced him with Sid Abel, who would be a player-coach. Abel would name defenceman Bill Gadsby as the new team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070294-0002-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Chicago Black Hawks season, Off-season\nChicago also saw a change in ownership, as Arthur Wirtz and James D. Norris took over the struggling and near bankrupt franchise.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070294-0003-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Chicago Black Hawks season, Regular season\nThe Black Hawks started the season off strong, sitting with a 10\u20135\u20133 record in their first 18 games, however, the club would fall into a slump, and went 2\u20137\u20135 in their next 14 games to fall to .500. Chicago would continue to hover around the .500 for the rest of the season, battling with the Toronto Maple Leafs and Boston Bruins for the final playoff spot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 50], "content_span": [51, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070294-0003-0001", "contents": "1952\u201353 Chicago Black Hawks season, Regular season\nGoing into the final weekend of the season, Chicago would earn big wins against the Detroit Red Wings and New York Rangers to clinch the fourth and final playoff spot, and advance to the playoffs for the first time since 1946. The Hawks finished with club records in wins with 27, and points with 69.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 50], "content_span": [51, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070294-0004-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Chicago Black Hawks season, Regular season\nOffensively, the team was led by Jim McFadden, who scored a team high 23 goals and 44 points, while newly acquired Cal Gardner earned a club best 24 assists, en route to earning 35 points. Jimmy Peters would join McFadden as the only Hawks with over 20 goals and 40 points, as he scored 22 and 41 respectively. George Gee scored 18 goals and 39 points, while posting a team high 99 penalty minutes. Team captain Bill Gadsby led the defense with 22 points, while fellow blueliner Al Dewsbury scored 5 goals, and finished with 97 penalty minutes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 50], "content_span": [51, 595]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070294-0005-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Chicago Black Hawks season, Regular season\nIn goal, Al Rollins played in all 70 games, setting a team record with 27 victories, along with a solid 2.50 GAA, and 6 shutouts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 50], "content_span": [51, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070294-0006-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Chicago Black Hawks season, Playoffs\nThe Black Hawks would face the second place Montreal Canadiens in a best of seven opening round series. The Canadiens finished the year with a 28\u201323\u201319 record, earning 75 points, which was six more than the Hawks. The series opened up at the Montreal Forum, and the favored Canadiens won the series opener by a 3\u20131 score, then took a 2\u20130 series lead by winning a close second game by a 4\u20133 score.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 44], "content_span": [45, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070294-0006-0001", "contents": "1952\u201353 Chicago Black Hawks season, Playoffs\nThe series shifted to Chicago for the next two games, and the Black Hawks would respond, winning the third game in overtime to cut the series lead to 2\u20131, as the team won their first playoff game since 1944. The Hawks evened the series up at 2\u20132 with a 3\u20131 win in the fourth game, sending the series back to Montreal. Chicago stunned the Montreal crowd in the fifth game, defeating the Canadiens 4\u20132 to take a 3\u20132 series lead. The Canadiens, though, would shut out Chicago 3\u20130 in the sixth game, setting up a seventh and final game. Montreal would easily win the game, defeating the Black Hawks 4\u20131, putting an end to a very surprising season for the Black Hawks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 44], "content_span": [45, 708]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070295-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Colchester United F.C. season\nThe 1952\u201353 season was Colchester United's eleventh season in their history and their third season in the Third Division South, the third tier of English football. Alongside competing in the Third Division South, the club also participated in the FA Cup. Colchester reached the third round of the FA Cup for the second season running, but were knocked out by Second Division side Rotherham United after a replay. The club struggled in the league, eventually finishing 22nd of 24 teams which would ultimately cost manager Jimmy Allen his job.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 579]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070295-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Colchester United F.C. season, Season overview\nThe season began with a Layer Road crowd of 14,674 witnessing a 0\u20130 draw with local rivals Ipswich Town, and in the early stages of the campaign, the club remained mid-table. In the FA Cup, Colchester disposed of Weymouth in the first round following a replay, and then Llanelli in the second round, before once again facing Second Division Yorkshire opposition in Rotherham United. After drawing 2\u20132 at Millmoor and forcing a replay, Colchester lost the Layer Road replay 2\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 54], "content_span": [55, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070295-0002-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Colchester United F.C. season, Season overview\nIn the latter stages of the season, a poor run of just one point from six games saw United slip from 13th-position to 22nd, just one place and two points above the re-election positions. Meanwhile, forward Kevin McCurley had justified manager Jimmy Allen's \u00a3750 outlay with a return of 19 goals. However, with Allen's style of play criticised by supporters and his unwillingness to reduce the playing staff as requested by the board saw Allen tender his resignation on 2 May 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 54], "content_span": [55, 535]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070295-0003-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Colchester United F.C. season, Squad statistics, Player debuts\nPlayers making their first-team Colchester United debut in a fully competitive match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 70], "content_span": [71, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070296-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Connecticut Huskies men's basketball team\nThe 1952\u201353 Connecticut Huskies men's basketball team represented the University of Connecticut in the 1952\u201353 collegiate men's basketball season. The Huskies completed the season with a 17\u20134 overall record. The Huskies were members of the Yankee Conference, where they ended the season with a 5\u20131 record. They were the Yankee Conference regular season champions. The Huskies played their home games at Hawley Armory in Storrs, Connecticut, and were led by seventh-year head coach Hugh Greer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070297-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Copa M\u00e9xico\nThe Copa M\u00e9xico 1952\u201353 was the 37th edition of the Copa M\u00e9xico; the 10th edition in the professional era.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070297-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Copa M\u00e9xico\nThe competition started on February 15, 1953, and concluded on May 31, 1953, with the final match that give to the team Puebla the trophy for the second time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070298-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Copa del General\u00edsimo\nThe 1952\u201353 Copa del General\u00edsimo was the 51st staging of the Spanish Cup. The competition began on 1 October 1952 and concluded on 21 June 1953 with the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070299-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Croatian-Slovenian League\nThe 1952\u201353 Croatian-Slovenian League season was the first season of the Croatian-Slovenian League (Croatian: Hrvatsko-slovenska liga, Slovene: Slovensko-hrva\u0161ka liga), the second level inter-republic association football competition of SFR Yugoslavia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070299-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Croatian-Slovenian League, Teams\nA total of ten teams contested the league, including six sides from the 1952 Croatian Republic League season and four clubs from the 1952 Slovenian Republic League season. The league was contested in a double round robin format, with each club playing every other club twice, for a total of 18 rounds. Two points were awarded for a win and one point for draws.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 40], "content_span": [41, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070300-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Cypriot Cup\nThe 1952\u201353 Cypriot Cup was the 16th edition of the Cypriot Cup. A total of 14 clubs entered the competition. It began on 10 January 1953 with the first round and concluded on 19 April 1953 with the final which was held at GSP Stadium. EPA Larnaca FC won their 4th Cypriot Cup trophy after beating \u00c7etinkaya T\u00fcrk 2\u20131 in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070300-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Cypriot Cup, Format\nIn the 1952\u201353 Cypriot Cup, participated all the teams of the Cypriot First Division and six teams of the Cypriot Second Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 27], "content_span": [28, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070300-0002-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Cypriot Cup, Format\nThe competition consisted of four knock-out rounds. In all rounds each tie was played as a single leg and was held at the home ground of the one of the two teams, according to the draw results. Each tie winner was qualifying to the next round. If a match was drawn, extra time was following. If extra time was drawn, there was a replay match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 27], "content_span": [28, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070300-0003-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Cypriot Cup, Semi-finals\n1Anorthosis Famagusta not show to the replay match due to violent behavior of the first game", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 32], "content_span": [33, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070301-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Cypriot First Division\nStatistics of the Cypriot First Division for the 1952\u201353 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 95]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070301-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Cypriot First Division, Overview\nIt was contested by 8 teams, and AEL Limassol won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070302-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Czechoslovak Extraliga season\nThe 1952\u201353 Czechoslovak Extraliga season was the 10th season of the Czechoslovak Extraliga, the top level of ice hockey in Czechoslovakia. 21 teams participated in the league, and TJ Spartak Praha Sokolovo won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070303-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 DDR-Oberliga\nThe 1952\u201353 DDR-Oberliga was the fourth season of the DDR-Oberliga, the first tier of league football in East Germany.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070303-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 DDR-Oberliga\nThe league was contested by seventeen teams, two less than in the previous season, and Dynamo Dresden won the championship after winning a necessary decider against BSG Wismut Aue 3\u20132 after extra time. It was the first of eight national championships for Dynamo but it would have to wait until 1970\u201371 to win its second one.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070303-0002-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 DDR-Oberliga\nHarry Arlt of BSG Rotation Dresden was the league's top scorer with 26 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070303-0003-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 DDR-Oberliga\nTwo clubs were renamed during the season, both in April 1953. SG Volkspolizei Dresden became SG Dynamo Dresden and SG Motor Gera was renamed to BSG Wismut Gera. SV Vorw\u00e4rts der HVA Leipzig was first renamed SV Vorw\u00e4rts der KVP Leipzig. The football team was then relocated to the East Berlin on 12 April 1953, where it continued as SV Vorw\u00e4rts der KVP Berlin. Before the season SG Union Obersch\u00f6neweide had been renamed to BSG Motor Obersch\u00f6neweide, with both clubs relegated at the end of season, leaving East German capital without an Oberliga club for the following season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 597]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070303-0004-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 DDR-Oberliga\nThe 1952\u201353 season saw two of the most successful clubs in the East German championship adopt the name and location they would later be most successful under, police club SG Dynamo Dresden with eight and army club Vorw\u00e4rts Berlin with six titles, second and third only to BFC Dynamo.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070303-0005-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 DDR-Oberliga, Table\nThe 1952\u201353 season saw two newly promoted clubs, BSG Empor Lauter and BSG Motor Jena. SV Vorw\u00e4rts der KVP Leipzig was relocated to East Berlin during the season and continued as  SV Vorw\u00e4rts der KVP Berlin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 27], "content_span": [28, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070304-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 DDR-Oberliga (ice hockey) season\nThe 1952\u201353 DDR-Oberliga season was the fifth season of the DDR-Oberliga, the top level of ice hockey in East Germany. Five teams participated in the league, and Chemie Wei\u00dfwasser won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070305-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 DDR-Oberliga championship play-off\nThe championship play-off of the 1952\u201353 DDR-Oberliga took place on 5 July 1953 at the Walter-Ulbricht-Stadion in East Berlin between Dynamo Dresden and Wismut Aue. The match decided the winner of the 1952\u201353 DDR-Oberliga, the 4th season of the DDR-Oberliga, the top level football league in East Germany. The match was necessary as both teams finished the season level on points. At the time, the rules stated that if this were to occur, a playoff would be necessary to decide the national champion. With a 3\u20132 victory after extra time, Dynamo Dresden secured the championship for their 1st national title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 650]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070305-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 DDR-Oberliga championship play-off, Background\nThe final stretch of the DDR-Oberliga remained close to the very end. This was partially due to the fact that the last matches were played on a completely unclear schedule. The last four rounds were held between 26 April and 3 June on seven different dates. With four games remaining before the end of the season, five teams were still in contention for the title: Stahl Thale, Rotation Dresden, Motor Zwickau, Wismut Aue, and Dynamo Dresden. On 10 May, Thale were out of the race, having lost their penultimate match 2\u20131 against Empor Lauter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 54], "content_span": [55, 598]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070305-0001-0001", "contents": "1952\u201353 DDR-Oberliga championship play-off, Background\nRotation Dresden and Zwickau missed their chance on the final day. Rotation Dresden lost at home 1\u20132 on 14 May against Rotation Babelsberg, and Zwickau lost 1\u20132 on 31 May to Vorw\u00e4rts Berlin. Dynamo Dresden and Wismut Aue had to wait quite a while before their fate was known. After seven winless matches in a row, Dresden finally secured their spot at the top of the table with a 3\u20131 win against Motor Dessau in their final match on 31 May.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 54], "content_span": [55, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070305-0001-0002", "contents": "1952\u201353 DDR-Oberliga championship play-off, Background\nWismut Aue also went winless in two home in their antepenultimate and penultimate matches against Motor Obersch\u00f6neweide (losing 3\u20134) and Vorw\u00e4rts Berlin (drawing 2\u20132), respectively. On 31 May, it was up to Rotation Babelsberg and Wismut Aue to decide how the season would end, as the rest of the teams had finished their matches. Aue were two points behind Dynamo Dresden, and would need a victory against Babelsberg to keep their title chances alive and force a playoff. This was achieved with a decisive 2\u20130 home win on 3 June.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 54], "content_span": [55, 584]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070305-0002-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 DDR-Oberliga championship play-off, Background\nThe play-off took place almost three weeks after the uprising of 17 June 1953. In East Berlin there was a state of exception. Dynamo Dresden decided not to bring along any of their own fans, but Wismut Aue, on the other hand, brought their supporters in several special trains.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 54], "content_span": [55, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070305-0003-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 DDR-Oberliga championship play-off, Match, Summary\nBoth teams played in their regular formation, each having played their last league game in the same formation. Dynamo immediately went on the offensive and had a great chance after five minutes through Karl-Heinz Holze, but the right-winger shot the ball too close to the Wismut goalkeeper, who deflected it over the goal. Just a minute later, Dynamo's right-back, Manfred Michael, was more successful. Dynamo received a free kick, 30-metres in front of the Wismut goal. Since goalkeeper Rudolf Schmalfu\u00df did not make a wall, Michael had free shooting range.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 58], "content_span": [59, 617]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070305-0003-0001", "contents": "1952\u201353 DDR-Oberliga championship play-off, Match, Summary\nHis powerfully-shot ball initially hit goalkeeper Schmalfu\u00df's shoulder, before hitting the bar and finally going into the goal. Immediately after falling behind, Wismut started a counteroffensive. But the attack play of Aue was too inaccurate, and too little was played through the wings. The Dynamo defence, organised by Herbert Schoen, had no problems with Aue, who were constantly pushing forward. Nevertheless, Wismut were able to equalize just before the break. Aue's best player up until then, centre-forward Willy Tr\u00f6ger, received a cross from the outside-left winger Kurt Viertel and was able to overcome Dresden goalkeeper Heinz Klemm with a low shot into the right corner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 58], "content_span": [59, 741]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070305-0004-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 DDR-Oberliga championship play-off, Match, Summary\nImmediately after the start of the second half, the sheet momentum seemed to turn to the advantage of Wismut Aue. A header from Dresden's Schoen landed to Wismut striker Karl Wolf, who immediately passed to Armin G\u00fcnther, who was standing free in front of the Dynamo goal. G\u00fcnther had no trouble whipping the ball past the goalkeeper. After scoring their second goal, Aue's players concentrated on defending their lead. Both midfielders were now defensive, and even the strikers Karl Wolf, G\u00fcnther, and Viertel withdrew into the defence. Dynamo's players did not succeed at first to overcome this compact stronghold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 58], "content_span": [59, 675]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070305-0004-0001", "contents": "1952\u201353 DDR-Oberliga championship play-off, Match, Summary\nOnly Holze put Aue keeper Schmalfu\u00df to the test. In the final quarter of an hour, both coaches substituted on fresh players to the field. For Dresden, Wolfgang H\u00e4nel replaced centre-forward Gerhard H\u00e4nsicke, and for Aue Alfred Gr\u00e4fe came on for the left-outside winger Viertel. As surprising as Dynamo Dresden took the lead, the team came equalised three minutes before the end of the second half. Aue's goalkeeper Schmalfu\u00df punched the ball from a corner kick to the feet of G\u00fcnter Schr\u00f6ter, who put the ball past several Wismut players into the goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 58], "content_span": [59, 611]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070305-0005-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 DDR-Oberliga championship play-off, Match, Summary\nIn the first half of extra time, neither team was able to get an advantage. As the game progressed, the players began to struggle with stamina. With eight minutes of the game remaining, Dynamo's Holze made the difference. After a one-two pass between G\u00fcnther Usemann and Kurt Fischer, the ball was played to Johannes Matzen. Matzen crossed the ball right in front of goal, which Holze powerfully shot into the back of the net. This meant game was ultimately decided by the two errors of Wismut keeper Schmalfu\u00df.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 58], "content_span": [59, 570]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070305-0006-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 DDR-Oberliga championship play-off, Reactions\nPaul Doering, Dynamo coach said, \"it was an exciting and substantial game, which technically probably had some shortcomings. I am referring to the fact that both opponents were perfectly equal and therefore had to take more of the combative note into account\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 53], "content_span": [54, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070305-0007-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 DDR-Oberliga championship play-off, Reactions\nKarl Dittes, Wismut coach, said \"the luckier of two equal teams won\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 53], "content_span": [54, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070306-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 DFB-Pokal\nThe 1952\u201353 DFB-Pokal was the 10th season of the annual German football cup competition. The DFB-Pokal was formerly known as Tschammer und Osten Pokal, or Tschammerpokal. It was the first time the cup was held after World War II. 32 teams competed in the tournament of five rounds. The competition began on 17 August 1952 and ended on 11 May 1953. In the final Rot-Weiss Essen defeated Alemannia Aachen 2\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 425]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070306-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 DFB-Pokal\nThe replay match between Hamborn and St. Pauli was the first football match in Germany covered live by television.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070307-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Danish 1st Division, Overview\nIt was contested by 10 teams, and Kj\u00f8benhavns Boldklub won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070308-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Derby County F.C. season\nDuring the 1952\u201353 season Derby County competed in the Football League First Division where they finished in 22nd position with 32 points and were relegated to the Second Division along with Stoke City whom Derby beat 2\u20131 in the penultimate match of the season sending Stoke down.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070308-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Derby County F.C. season, Final league table, First Division\nKey: P = Matches played; W = Matches won; D = Matches drawn; L = Matches lost; F = Goals for; A = Goals against; GA = Goal average; Pts = Points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 68], "content_span": [69, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070309-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Detroit Red Wings season\nThe 1952\u201353 Detroit Red Wings season was the Red Wings' 27th season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070309-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Detroit Red Wings season, Player statistics, Playoffs\nNote: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; +/- = Plus-minus PIM = Penalty minutes; PPG = Power-play goals; SHG = Short-handed goals; GWG = Game-winning goals;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0MIN = Minutes played; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; GA = Goals against; GAA = Goals-against average;  SO = Shutouts;", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 61], "content_span": [62, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070310-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Drexel Dragons men's basketball team\nThe 1952\u201353 Drexel Dragons men's basketball team represented Drexel Institute of Technology during the 1952\u201353 men's basketball season. The Dragons, led by 1st year head coach Samuel Cozen, played their 6 of their home games at Sayre High School, and the other 3 at Curtis Hall Gym, and were members of the Southern division of the Middle Atlantic Conferences (MAC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070311-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Duke Blue Devils men's basketball team\nThe 1952\u201353 Duke Blue Devils men's basketball team represented Duke University during the 1952\u201353 men's college basketball season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070312-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Dumbarton F.C. season\nThe 1952\u201353 season was the 69th Scottish football season in which Dumbarton competed at national level, entering the Scottish Football League, the Scottish Cup and the Scottish League Cup. In addition Dumbarton competed in the Stirlingshire Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070312-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Dumbarton F.C. season, Scottish League\nAn uncharacteristic good start to the league campaign saw 5 points taken from the first 3 games, but this form was unable to be maintained and Dumbarton finished in a mid-table 10th place, 16 behind champions Stirling Albion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 46], "content_span": [47, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070312-0002-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Dumbarton F.C. season, Scottish Cup\nIn the Scottish Cup, there was a quick exit at the first hurdle with Dumbarton losing to Cowdenbeath.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070312-0003-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Dumbarton F.C. season, Scottish League Cup\nDespite an unbeaten home record in the League Cup sectional games, with two wins and a draw - three away defeats, including a 1-11 thrashing by Ayr United (matching Dumbarton's heaviest defeat recorded in the 1925-26 season) ensured that Dumbarton finished 3rd of 4, resulting in no further progress in this competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 50], "content_span": [51, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070312-0004-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Dumbarton F.C. season, Stirlingshire Cup\nHowever, silverware was achieved, with a first win in the Stirlingshire Cup, where Dumbarton defeated East Stirling in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 48], "content_span": [49, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070312-0005-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Dumbarton F.C. season, Reserve team\nDumbarton only played one competitive 'reserve' fixture - in the Second XI Cup - but lost in the first round to St Mirren.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070313-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Dundee F.C. season\nThe 1952\u201353 season was the fifty-first season in which Dundee competed at a Scottish national level, playing in Division A, where the club would finish in 7th place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070313-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Dundee F.C. season\nDundee would also compete in both the Scottish Cup and the Scottish League Cup. For the second consecutive season, Dundee would win the League Cup, with a late Bobby Flavell double giving them a 2\u20130 win over Kilmarnock and winning them their third major honour. They would not see this success replicated in the Scottish Cup, losing at home against Rangers. The attendance for this game, 43,024, is an all-time attendance record at Dens Park.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070313-0002-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Dundee F.C. season\nAt the beginning of the season, Dundee would try out a unique navy-and-white quartered home kit per the request of manager George Anderson, but proved highly unpopular with both players and fans. When Anderson took ill in September 1952 and his assistant Reg Smith took over coaching duties temporarily, the team agreed to switch back to their traditional navy shirt, with the addition of navy stripes on the shorts and red socks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070314-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Dundee United F.C. season\nThe 1952\u201353 season was the 45th year of football played by Dundee United, and covers the period from 1 July 1952 to 30 June 1953. United finished in fifteenth place in the Second Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070314-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Dundee United F.C. season, Match results\nDundee United played a total of 38 competitive matches during the 1952\u201353 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 48], "content_span": [49, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070314-0002-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Dundee United F.C. season, Match results, Legend\nAll results are written with Dundee United's score first. Own goals in italics", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 56], "content_span": [57, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070315-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Egyptian Premier League\nThe 1952\u201353 Egyptian Premier League started in November 1952. Al Ahly were crowned champions for the fourth time in the club's history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070315-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Egyptian Premier League, League Table\n(C)= Champions, (R)= Relegated, Pld = Matches played; W = Matches won; D = Matches drawn; L = Matches lost; F = Goals for; A = Goals against; \u00b1 = Goal difference; Pts = Points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 45], "content_span": [46, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070316-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Eintracht Frankfurt season\nThe 1952\u201353 Eintracht Frankfurt season was the 53rd season in the club's football history. In 1952\u201353 the club played in the Oberliga S\u00fcd, the top tier of German football. It was the club's 8th season in the Oberliga S\u00fcd.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070316-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Eintracht Frankfurt season\nThe season ended up with Eintracht winning Oberliga S\u00fcd for the first time, later losing to Holstein Kiel in the quarter final in the run for the German championship knockout stage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070317-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 English National League season\nThe 1952\u201353 English National League season was the 12th season of the English National League, the top level ice hockey league in England. Six teams participated in the league, and the Streatham Royals won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070318-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 European Rugby League Championship\nThis was the thirteenth European Championship and was won for the first time by the Other Nationalities on points difference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070319-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Everton F.C. season\nDuring the 1952\u201353 English football season, Everton F.C. competed in the Football League Second Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070319-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Everton F.C. season, Final League Table\nP = Matches played; W = Matches won; D = Matches drawn; L = Matches lost; F = Goals for; A = Goals against; GA = Goal average; GD = Goal difference; Pts = Points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 47], "content_span": [48, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070320-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 FA Cup\nThe 1952\u201353 FA Cup was the 72nd season of the world's oldest football cup competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup, commonly known as the FA Cup. Blackpool won the competition for the first time, beating Bolton Wanderers 4\u20133 in the final at Wembley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070320-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 FA Cup\nMatches were scheduled to be played at the stadium of the team named first on the date specified for each round, which was always a Saturday. Some matches, however, might be rescheduled for other days if there were clashes with games for other competitions or the weather was inclement. If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played, a replay would take place at the stadium of the second-named team later the same week. If the replayed match was drawn further replays would be held until a winner was determined. If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played in a replay, a 30-minute period of extra time would be played.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 653]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070320-0002-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 FA Cup, First round proper\nAt this stage clubs from the Football League Third Division North and South joined those non-league clubs having come through the qualifying rounds (except Walthamstow Avenue and Leyton who given byes to this round). Matches were scheduled to be played on Saturday, 22 November 1952. Fourteen were drawn and went to replays, with two of these going to second replays.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 34], "content_span": [35, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070320-0003-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 FA Cup, Second Round Proper\nThe matches were scheduled for Saturday, 6 December 1952, with Finchley and Crystal Palace competing instead on the 10th. Five matches were drawn, with replays taking place later the same week.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 35], "content_span": [36, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070320-0004-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 FA Cup, Third round proper\nThe 44 First and Second Division clubs entered the competition at this stage. The matches were scheduled for Saturday, 10 January 1953, although two matches were postponed until the mid-week fixtures. Six matches were drawn and went to replays.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 34], "content_span": [35, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070320-0005-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 FA Cup, Fourth Round Proper\nThe matches were scheduled for Saturday, 31 January 1953. Seven matches were drawn and went to replays, which were all played in the following midweek match. Two matches then went to a second replay, with the Chelsea\u2013West Bromwich Albion game going to a third replay before it was settled.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 35], "content_span": [36, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070320-0006-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 FA Cup, Fifth Round Proper\nThe matches were scheduled for Saturday, 14 February 1953. The Blackpool\u2013Southampton game went to a replay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 34], "content_span": [35, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070320-0007-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 FA Cup, Sixth Round Proper\nThe four quarter-final ties were scheduled to be played on Saturday, 28 February 1953. The Birmingham City\u2013Tottenham Hotspur game went to two replays before it was settled.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 34], "content_span": [35, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070320-0008-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 FA Cup, Semi-Finals\nThe semi-final matches were played on Saturday, 21 March 1953. Blackpool and Bolton Wanderers won their ties to meet in the final at Wembley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 27], "content_span": [28, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070320-0009-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 FA Cup, Final\nThe 1953 FA Cup Final, known as the \"Matthews Final\" due to Stanley Matthews' dribbling in the last 30 minutes of the game, was contested by Blackpool and Bolton Wanderers at Wembley. Blackpool won 4\u20133, with Stan Mortensen the first player to score a FA Cup Final hat-trick.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 21], "content_span": [22, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070321-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 FA Cup qualifying rounds\nThe FA Cup 1952\u201353 is the 72nd season of the world's oldest football knockout competition; The Football Association Challenge Cup, or FA Cup for short. The large number of clubs entering the tournament from lower down the English football league system meant that the competition started with a number of preliminary and qualifying rounds. The 30 victorious teams from the Fourth Round Qualifying progressed to the First Round Proper.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070321-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 FA Cup qualifying rounds, 4th qualifying round\nThe teams that given byes to this round are: Bishop Auckland, Yeovil Town, Leytonstone, Guildford City, Chelmsford City, Gainsborough Trinity, Stockton, Dartford, Witton Albion, Weymouth, North Shields, Rhyl, Merthyr Tydfil, Hereford United, Scarborough, Wigan Athletic, Nelson, Worcester City, Tonbridge, Blyth Spartans, Wellington Town, Buxton, Folkestone and Gorleston", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 54], "content_span": [55, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070321-0002-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 FA Cup qualifying rounds, 1952\u201353 FA Cup\nSee 1952\u201353 FA Cup for details of the rounds from the First Round Proper onwards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070322-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 FC Basel season\nThe 1952\u201353 season was Fussball Club Basel 1893's 59th season in their existence. It was their seventh consecutive season in the top flight of Swiss football after their promotion from the Nationalliga B the season 1945\u201346. They played their home games in the Landhof, in the Wettstein Quarter in Kleinbasel. Jules D\u00fcblin was the club's chairman for the seventh successive season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070322-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 FC Basel season, Overview\nAt the beginning of the season Ren\u00e9 Bader took over the job as club trainer from Ernst Hufschmid who had acted as trainer the previous five years. Bader acted as player-coach and Willy D\u00fcrr was his assistant coach, he stood at the side line when Bader played.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070322-0002-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 FC Basel season, Overview\nBasel played a total of 43 games during this season. Of these 26 games were in the domestic league, four games were in the Swiss Cup and 13 were test games. The test games resulted with seven victories, three were drawn and three ended with defeats. In total, including the test games and the cup competition, they won 27 games, drew 11 and lost five times. In the 43 games they scored 146 goals and conceded 72 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070322-0003-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 FC Basel season, Overview\nThere were fourteen teams contesting in the 1952\u201353 Nationalliga A and the bottom two teams in the league table were to be relegated. Basel won 17 of the 26 games, losing only once, and they scored 72 goals conceding 38. Basel won the championship four points clear of Young Boys in second position and ten points ahead of Grasshopper Club Z\u00fcrich who were third. Josef H\u00fcgi was the team's top league goal scorer. He shared the title of the league top scorer with Eugen Meier (Young Boys) both having netted 32 times during the season. Three players were teams joint second best league scorers Ren\u00e9 Bader, Walter Bannwart and Bielser each scored nine times.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 690]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070322-0004-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 FC Basel season, Overview\nIn the Swiss Cup Basel started in the 3rd principal round with a 10\u20130 win against Helvetia Bern and in the 4th round they beat Thun 5\u20130. In the next round they won 4\u20131 against Grenchen. All three games were home ties. In the quarter-finals Basel were drawn away against Servette Gen\u00e8ve and the tie went into extra time, Basel then losing 3\u20134.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070322-0005-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 FC Basel season, Players\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070323-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 FK Partizan season\nThe 1952\u201353 season was the 7th season in FK Partizan's existence. This article shows player statistics and matches that the club played during the 1952\u201353 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070324-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Football League\nThe 1952\u201353 season was the 54th completed season of The Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 96]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070324-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Football League, Final league tables\nThe tables below are reproduced here in the exact form that they can be found at  website and in Rothmans Book of Football League Records 1888\u201389 to 1978\u201379, with home and away statistics separated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070324-0002-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Football League, Final league tables\nBeginning with the season 1894\u201395, clubs finishing level on points were separated according to goal average (goals scored divided by goals conceded), or more properly put, goal ratio. In case one or more teams had the same goal difference, this system favoured those teams who had scored fewer goals. The goal average system was eventually scrapped beginning with the 1976\u201377 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070324-0003-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Football League, Final league tables\nFrom the 1922\u201323 season, the bottom two teams of both Third Division North and Third Division South were required to apply for re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070324-0004-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Football League, First Division\nArsenal won their second league title of the postwar era, finishing ahead of runners-up Preston North End on goal average - denying their nearest rivals a first league title since they won the first two English Football League titles more than 60 years earlier. Wolverhampton Wanderers bounced back after two disappointing seasons to finish third, three points short of the title. They finished one point ahead of their local rivals West Bromwich Albion. Defending champions Manchester United, in a period of transition as the team captained by Johnny Carey started to make way for a younger generation of players, finished eighth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 39], "content_span": [40, 671]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070324-0005-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Football League, First Division\nStoke City and Derby County, who had been among the First Division's leading lights in the first few postwar seasons, went down to the Second Division after several seasons of gradually declining form. Liverpool, the 1947 champions, avoided the drop by just two points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 39], "content_span": [40, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070325-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Fort Wayne Pistons season\nThe 1952\u201353 NBA season was the Pistons' fifth season in the NBA and 12th season as a franchise.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070326-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 French Division 1\nStade de Reims won Division 1 season 1952/1953 of the French Association Football League with 48 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070326-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 French Division 1, Final table\nPromoted from Division 2, who will play in Division 1 season 1953/1954", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 38], "content_span": [39, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070327-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 French Division 2, Overview\nIt was contested by 18 teams, and Toulouse won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 35], "content_span": [36, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070328-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 French Rugby Union Championship\nThe 1952-53 French Rugby Union Championship of first division was contested by 64 clubs divided in eight pools of eight. The two better of each pool, 16 clubs, play la final phase, beginning with the \"last 16\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070328-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 French Rugby Union Championship\nThe Championship was won by Lourdes that beat Mont-de-Marsan in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070328-0002-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 French Rugby Union Championship, Context\nThe 1953 Five Nations Championship was won by Ireland, France finished fourth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070328-0003-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 French Rugby Union Championship, Context\nLe Challenge Yves du Manoir was won by Lourdes that defeatedla Pau in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070328-0004-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 French Rugby Union Championship, \"Last 16\"\nIn bold the clubs qualified for the quarter of finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 50], "content_span": [51, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070329-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team\nThe 1952\u201353 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team represented Georgetown University during the 1952\u201353 NCAA college basketball season. Harry \"Buddy\" Jeannette \u2013 who had played professional basketball from 1938 to 1950 and had coached the original Baltimore Bullets from 1947 to 1951 \u2013 coached the 1952\u201353 Hoyas in his first season as head coach. The team was an independent and played its home games at McDonough Gymnasium on the Georgetown campus in Washington, D.C. It finished with a record of 13-7 \u2013 the most successful team of Jeannette's four-year tenure as head coach \u2013 and became the first Georgetown men's basketball team ever to be invited to the National Invitation Tournament (NIT), losing to Louisville in the first round of the 1953 NIT.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 799]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070329-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Season recap\nJunior guard Lou Gigante became the team's starting point guard this season. He scored in all 20 of the team's games and in double figures in 11 of the last 15 during the Hoyas' drive for a post-season tournament berth; his 17 points against Navy was particularly notable, and his play at point guard brought the Hoyas close to an upset of a 4th-ranked La Salle team led by Tom Gola.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070329-0002-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Season recap\nAlthough one of the previous season's top scorers, Barry Sullivan, left school for military service and did not return for this season, the other half of that year's scoring tandem, now-senior center and team captain Bill Bolger, did return. He played in all 20 games and led the team in scoring in 11 of them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070329-0002-0001", "contents": "1952\u201353 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Season recap\nHe had double-figure scoring performances in 18 games, including 29 against Seattle and 26 against Rhode Island back-to-back in the two games of the Boston Arena Tournament in late December 1952 and 17 points against St. Joseph's and 23 against Fordham in big wins later in the year as Georgetown made its push for a postseason tournament bid.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070329-0003-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Season recap\nAlso starring during the year was senior center Hugh Beins. Beins played in all 20 games and scored in double figures 13 times, with particularly impressive performances against Temple, Virginia, and Fordham and a career-high 23 points against Canisius. He also turned in one of his finest defensive performances against George Washington, holding George Washington star Joe Holup \u2013 a 2,000-point, 2,000-rebound player during his collegiate career \u2013 to nine points as the Hoyas beat the Colonials in the regular-season finale, Georgetown's only defeat of George Washington during Holup's college years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 663]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070329-0004-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Season recap\nThe win over Fordham was crucial in convincing the National Invitation Tournament (NIT) selection committee to invite Georgetown to the 1953 NIT, the school's first-ever NIT appearance. It was only the second post-season tournament appearance in Georgetown men's basketball history and the first since the 1942\u201343 team advanced to the final game of the 1943 NCAA Tournament. In the first round of the NIT, the Hoyas met Louisville at Madison Square Garden. Gigante scored 13 points and Bolger had a team-high 20-point performance. But fouls plagued Georgetown during the game; five Hoyas fouled out, and Louisville made 36 of its 52 free throws and won the game 92\u201379 to knock Georgetown out of the postseason.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 771]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070329-0005-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Season recap\nBolger graduated as the leading scorer in Georgetown history at the time, and the second to score 1,000 points \u2013 doing it in three seasons when the only other 1,000-point scorer in school history, Tommy O'Keefe, had taken four seasons to hit that mark. Although rebounds were not tracked in college basketball until the 1953\u201354 season, it was estimated in 1978 that Bolger may have averaged 17 rebounds per game during his collegiate career.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 502]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070329-0006-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Season recap\nGeorgetown would not appear in a post-season tournament again until the 1969-70 team played in the 1970 NIT.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070329-0007-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Rankings\nThe 1952\u201353 squad was ranked 20th in the Associated Press Poll on January 13, 1953. Although only ranked for a week, it was the first team in Georgetown men's basketball history to be ranked in the poll. No Georgetown men's team would be ranked in the AP Poll again until the 1977-78 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 56], "content_span": [57, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070329-0008-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Rankings\nThe 1952\u201353 team was not ranked in the Coaches' Poll at any time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 56], "content_span": [57, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070330-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Greek Football Cup\nThe 1952\u201353 Greek Football Cup was the 11th edition of the Greek Football Cup. The competition culminated with the Greek Cup Final, held at Leoforos Alexandras Stadium, on 17 May 1953. The match was contested by Olympiacos and AEK Athens, with Olympiacos winning by 3\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070330-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Greek Football Cup, Final\nThe 11th Greek Cup Final was played at the Leoforos Alexandras Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 33], "content_span": [34, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070331-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Heart of Midlothian F.C. season\nDuring the 1952\u201353 season Hearts competed in the Scottish First Division, the Scottish Cup, the Scottish League Cup and the East of Scotland Shield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070332-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Hibernian F.C. season\nDuring the 1952\u201353 season Hibernian, a football club based in Edinburgh, came second out of 16 clubs in the Scottish First Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070333-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Hong Kong First Division League\nThe 1952\u201353 Hong Kong First Division League season was the 42nd since its establishment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070334-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season\nHuddersfield Town's 1952\u201353 campaign was Town's first season back in the 2nd Division since the 1919\u201320 season. Under the leadership of Andy Beattie, Town returned to the top flight at the first attempt. They finished in 2nd place behind Sheffield United by 2 points, with 58 points. The main reasons for Town's success during the season were the 45 goals between Jimmy Glazzard and Vic Metcalfe. Also, 7 of Town's players (Jack Wheeler, Ron Staniforth, Laurie Kelly, Bill McGarry, Don McEvoy, Len Quested and Vic Metcalfe) played every game in the season, while Jimmy Glazzard missed just the last game of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 658]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070334-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season, Squad at the start of the season\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 73], "content_span": [74, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070334-0002-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season, Review\nAndy Beattie's first full season in charge of the Terriers had one simple objective \u2013 return Town to the top flight as soon as possible. The start of the season saw Town go on a 10-match unbeaten run, abruptly ended by a defeat at home to Nottingham Forest in early October. This was then followed by 5 consecutive wins, followed swiftly by 2 consecutive losses to Leicester City and West Ham United. Town's form continued to improve with Town only losing 5 more matches between December and the end of the season on 1 May.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 47], "content_span": [48, 571]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070334-0003-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season, Review\nThe main reason for Town's success was their defence which remained unchanged all season. The 6-man defence of Jack Wheeler in goal, protected by Ron Staniforth, Laurie Kelly, Bill McGarry, Don McEvoy and Len Quested only let in 33 league goals all season, 22 less than champions Sheffield United. Vic Metcalfe played every game as well, while 30-goal Jimmy Glazzard just missed the final game against Plymouth Argyle. His replacement, Roy Shiner, scored a hat-trick in a 4\u20130 win, which cemented Town's second-place finish and guaranteed their return to Division 1 after one season out.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 47], "content_span": [48, 634]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070334-0004-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season, Squad at the end of the season\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 71], "content_span": [72, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070335-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 IHL season\nThe 1952\u201353 IHL season was the eighth season of the International Hockey League (IHL), a North American minor professional ice hockey league. Six teams participated in the regular season, and the Cincinnati Mohawks won the Turner Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070336-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Idaho Vandals men's basketball team\nThe 1952\u201353 Idaho Vandals men's basketball team represented the University of Idaho during the 1952\u201353 NCAA college basketball season. Members of the Pacific Coast Conference, the Vandals were led by sixth-year head coach Charles Finley and played their home games on campus at Memorial Gymnasium in Moscow, Idaho.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070336-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Idaho Vandals men's basketball team\nThe Vandals were 15\u201312 overall and 8\u20138 in conference play. Late in the season, Idaho handed the third-ranked and Final Four-bound Washington Huskies their sole conference loss.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070337-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball team\nThe 1952\u201353 Illinois Fighting Illini men\u2019s basketball team represented the University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070337-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball team, Regular season\nUnder the leadership of Harry Combes and coming off consecutive third-place finishes in the NCAA Tournament, the Fighting Illini men's basketball program had become one of the most powerful in the nation. The 1952-53 team returned one of the most dominant players in the NCAA, Johnny Kerr. It also returned United Press honorable mention all-American guards Irv Bemoras and Jim Bredar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 70], "content_span": [71, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070337-0002-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball team, Regular season\nUnfortunately the Illini would lose 4 conference games during the Big Ten season which would give them a second-place finish. Three of the four losses came at the hands of ranked opponents. The starting lineup included captain Jim Bredar and Irving Bemoras at guard, Clive Follmer and Max Hooper at the forward slot with Robert Peterson and, future hall of famer Johnny \"Red\" Kerr at the center position. The team also included former University of Minnesota head coach Jim Dutcher.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 70], "content_span": [71, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070338-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Indiana Hoosiers men's basketball team\nThe 1952\u201353 Indiana Hoosiers men's basketball team represented Indiana University. Their head coach was Branch McCracken, who was in his 12th year. A member of the Big Ten Conference, they played home games on campus in The Fieldhouse in Bloomington, Indiana.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070338-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Indiana Hoosiers men's basketball team\nThe Hoosiers finished the regular season with an overall record of 23\u20133 and a conference record of 17\u20131, first in the standings. As Big Ten champion, Indiana was invited the 22-team NCAA Tournament, and advanced to the championship game in Kansas City. IU beat defending champion Kansas by a point for their second national title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070339-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Indiana State Sycamores men's basketball team\nIn the 1952\u201353 Indiana State Sycamores men's basketball season, the Sycamores were led by coach John Longfellow, NAIB All-American Dick Atha and All-Indiana Collegiate Conference players Roger Adkins, Cliff Murray and Sam Richardson. They participated in their 8th NAIA Tourney. The Sycamores finished as the National Third Place team, with their victory over East Texas State and finished with a record of 23\u20138. This season represented Indiana State's 5th NAIA Final Four and its 1st National Third Place finish.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 567]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070339-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Indiana State Sycamores men's basketball team, Regular season\nDuring the 1952\u201353 season, Indiana State finished the regular season to finish 17\u20137, 6\u20134 in the Indiana Collegiate Conference; they won by an average of 14 points per game, and set a new school scoring record, (2,321 points). They broke the 100-point mark twice; scoring 106 points (vs. Kansas Wesleyan in the Midwest Tournament) and 101 vs. Manchester (IN) They averaged 89 points a game WITHOUT the 3-point shot! They finished the season at 23-8; the fourth highest win total in school history to that point.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 69], "content_span": [70, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070339-0002-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Indiana State Sycamores men's basketball team, Regular season\nCoach John Longfellow's fifth team raced out of the gate, opening the season with 8 consecutive wins. They began conference play with a record of 8-1, the sole loss coming in the mid-season Mid-Western Tournament to Indiana Central. They placed 2nd in the Indiana Collegiate Conference title race and won the NAIA District 21 tourney, qualifying for the NAIA National Tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 69], "content_span": [70, 449]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070339-0003-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Indiana State Sycamores men's basketball team, Post-season\nIn 1953, Longfellow's fifth basketball team finished second in the Indiana Collegiate Conference title, won the NAIA District 21 title and received an invitation to the National Association of Intercollegiate Basketball (NAIB) National Tournament in Kansas City; this was Longfellow's fourth trip to the National Tournament and the eighth for Indiana State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 66], "content_span": [67, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070339-0003-0001", "contents": "1952\u201353 Indiana State Sycamores men's basketball team, Post-season\nIn Kansas City, the stormed into the National Quarterfinals winning their first three games by an average 26 points, scoring 100 or more in each game; they dropped a game to defending champion Southwest Missouri State but rallied for a win over East Texas State to finish 3rd Nationally. Southwest Missouri State would successfully defend their 1952 title; becoming the second time to win consecutive titles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 66], "content_span": [67, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070339-0004-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Indiana State Sycamores men's basketball team, Post-season\nDick Atha received several honors at the end of regular season. He was selected to the NAIA All-American team, the Helms Foundation All-American team and was named 1st team All-Indiana Collegiate Conference. Joining him on the all-conference team was Roger Adkins.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 66], "content_span": [67, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070339-0005-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Indiana State Sycamores men's basketball team, Roster\nThe Sycamores were led by All-American Atha and Roger Adkins' with 14.9 averages. They were followed by Jim Crockom's 12.7 average. The starting lineup featured two future 1,000 career point scorers; Atha and Richardson. The roster also included a future well-known basketball coach in Indiana high circles, Basil Sfreddo - as the 6th man, Sfreddo would go on to coach the legendary George McGinnis at Indianapolis' George Washington High. Austin \"Pete\" Pritchett would go on to statewide fame as a girls high school coach, winning 2 IHSAA State Titles and was inducted into the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 61], "content_span": [62, 673]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070340-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Indianapolis Olympians season\nThe 1952-53 NBA season was the Olympians' 4th and final season in the NBA. Leo Barnhorst and Joe Graboski led the team in scoring; while Graborski dominated on the boards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070340-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Indianapolis Olympians season, Playoffs, West Division Semifinals\n(1) Minneapolis Lakers vs. (4) Indianapolis Olympians: Lakers win series 2-0", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 73], "content_span": [74, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070340-0002-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Indianapolis Olympians season, Playoffs, West Division Semifinals\nLast Playoff Meeting: 1952 Western Division Semifinals (Minneapolis won 2-0)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 73], "content_span": [74, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070341-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Inter Milan season, Season\nThe chairman Carlo Masseroni appointed manager Alfredo Foni, who had coached the national team from 1936 to 1942. He set up a revolution, later known as catenaccio referring to the use of play in defence. The goalkeeper Giorgio Ghezzi was covered by Blason, Giacomazzi, Nesti, Giovannini and Neri. Armano became the first winger of Italian football while, in attacking zone, Skoglund acted as a playmaker behind Lorenzi and Nyers, both strikers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 34], "content_span": [35, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070341-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Inter Milan season, Season\nInter conceded few goals and at mid-league, the side had 30 points in 17 games. Inter also did not suffer a loss for 19 consecutive weeks. Despite criticized, sometimes, for his defensive trend, Foni celebrated - with 3 games to spare - the win of the Scudetto, for the first time in 13 years since 1940. Having the best defence of the season, Inter resulted to have conceded only 24 goals. Inter won the title collecting 47 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 34], "content_span": [35, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070341-0002-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Inter Milan season, Statistics, Squad statistics\n2 points were awarded for every win, so Inter collected 47 points instead 66.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 56], "content_span": [57, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070342-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Iowa State Cyclones men's basketball team\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by BD2412 (talk | contribs) at 16:06, 8 September 2020 (\u2192\u200etop: Fixing links to disambiguation pages). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070342-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Iowa State Cyclones men's basketball team\nThe 1952\u201353 Iowa State Cyclones men's basketball team represented Iowa State University during the 1952-53 NCAA College men's basketball season. The Cyclones were coached by Clay Sutherland, who was in his sixth season with the Cyclones. They played their home games at the Iowa State Armory in Ames, Iowa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070342-0002-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Iowa State Cyclones men's basketball team\nThey finished the season 10\u201311, 5\u20137 in Big Seven play to finish in a tie for fourth place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070343-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Iraq FA Baghdad First Division\nThe 1952\u201353 Iraq FA Baghdad First Division was the fifth season of the Iraq Central FA League (the top division of football in Baghdad and its neighbouring cities from 1948 to 1973). Al-Haris Al-Maliki won their fourth consecutive league title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070344-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Irish League\nThe Irish League in season 1952\u201353 comprised 12 teams, and Glentoran won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070345-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Istanbul Football League\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Frietjes (talk | contribs) at 13:57, 12 May 2020. The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070345-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Istanbul Football League\nThe 1952\u201353 \u0130stanbul Football League season was the 43rd season of the league. Fenerbah\u00e7e SK won the league for the 13th time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070346-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Isthmian League\nThe 1952\u201353 season was the 38th in the history of the Isthmian League, an English football competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070346-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Isthmian League\nAt the end of the previous season Tufnell Park Edmonton resigned from the league. Isthmian league expanded up to 15 clubs after Athenian League sides Barking and Bromley were admitted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070346-0002-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Isthmian League\nWalthamstow Avenue were champions, winning their second Isthmian League title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070347-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball team\nThe 1952\u201353 Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball team represented the University of Kansas during the 1952\u201353 college men's basketball season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070348-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 La Liga\nThe 1952\u201353 La Liga was the 22nd season since its establishment. Barcelona retained the title and achieved their sixth trophy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070349-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Lancashire Cup\n1952\u201353 was the fortieth occasion on which the Lancashire Cup completion had been held. Leigh won the trophy  by beating St. Helens by the score of 22-5. The match was played at Station Road, (historically in the county of Lancashire). The attendance was 34,785 and receipts were \u00a35,793.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070349-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Lancashire Cup, Background\nOverall, the number of teams entering this year\u2019s competition remained the same as last year\u2019s total of 14  The same pre-war fixture format was retained. This season saw no bye but one \u201cblank\u201d or \u201cdummy\u201d fixture in the first round. There was also one bye but no \u201cblank\u201d fixture\u201d in the second round. As last season, all the first round matches of the competition will be played on the basis of two legged, home and away, ties \u2013 and the remainder of the rounds remaining on straight forward knock-out basis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 541]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070349-0002-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Lancashire Cup, Competition and results, Round 1 - First Leg\nInvolved  7 matches (with no bye and one \u201cblank\u201d fixture) and 14 clubs", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 68], "content_span": [69, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070349-0003-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Lancashire Cup, Competition and results, Round 1 \u2013 Second Leg\nInvolved  7 matches (with no bye and one \u201cblank\u201d fixture) and 14 clubs. These are the reverse fixture from the first leg", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 69], "content_span": [70, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070349-0004-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Lancashire Cup, Competition and results, Final, Teams and scorers\nScoring - Try = three (3) points - Goal = two (2) points - Drop goal = two (2) points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 73], "content_span": [74, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070349-0005-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Lancashire Cup, Competition and results, The road to success\nAll the first round ties were played on a two leg (home and away) basis. The first club named in each of the first round ties played the first leg at home. The scores shown in the first round are the aggregate score over the two legs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 68], "content_span": [69, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070349-0006-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Lancashire Cup, Notes and comments\n1 * Attendance given in official St. Helens archives as 34,541 - data given in Rothmans Rugby Lague Yearbook 1991 as 34,7852 * Station Road was the home ground of Swinton from 1929 to 1932 and at its peak was one of the finest rugby league grounds in the country and it boasted a capacity of 60,000. The actual record attendance was for the Challenge Cup semi-final on 7 April 1951 when 44,621 watched Wigan beat Warrington 3-2", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 42], "content_span": [43, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070350-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Landsdelsserien\nThe 1952\u201353 Landsdelsserien was a Norwegian second-tier football league season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070350-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Landsdelsserien\nThe league was contested by 54 teams, divided into a total of seven groups from four districts; \u00d8stland/S\u00f8ndre, \u00d8stland/Nordre, S\u00f8rland/Vestre and M\u00f8re/Tr\u00f8ndelag. The two group winners in the \u00d8stland districts, Moss and Geithus promoted directly to the 1953\u201354 Hovedserien. The other five group winners qualified for promotion play-offs to compete for two spots in the following season's top flight. Nordnes and Freidig won the play-offs and were promoted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070350-0002-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Landsdelsserien, Promotion play-offs\nNordnes won 3\u20132 over Flekkefjord and were promoted to Hovedserien.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070350-0003-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Landsdelsserien, Promotion play-offs\nFreidig won 1\u20130 over Langev\u00e5g and were promoted to Hovedserien.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070351-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 League Algiers\nThe 1952\u201353 League Algiers Football Association season started on September 14, 1952 and ended on June 7, 1953. This is the 31st edition of the championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070351-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 League Algiers, Final results, Division Honneur\nThe Division Honneur is the highest level of League Algiers Football Association, the equivalent of the elite for this league. It consists of twelve clubs who compete in both the title of \"Champion of Division Honneur\" and that of \"Champion of Algiers\", since it is the highest degree.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 55], "content_span": [56, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070352-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 League of Ireland, Overview\nIt was contested by 12 teams, and Shelbourne won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 35], "content_span": [36, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070353-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Liverpool F.C. season\nThe 1952\u201353 season was the 60th season in Liverpool F.C. 's existence, and ended their season seventeenth in the table and were knocked out by Gateshead F.C. in the FA Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070354-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Luxembourg National Division\nThe 1952\u201353 Luxembourg National Division was the 39th season of top level association football in Luxembourg.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070354-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Luxembourg National Division, Overview\nIt was performed in 12 teams, and FC Progr\u00e8s Niedercorn won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 46], "content_span": [47, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070355-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 MJHL season, League notes\nThe Winnipeg Black Hawks change their name to the Winnipeg Barons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070356-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Maltese Premier League\nThe 1952\u201353 Maltese First Division was the 38th season of top-tier football in Malta. It was contested by 8 teams, and Floriana F.C. won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070357-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Manchester United F.C. season\nThe 1952\u201353 season was Manchester United's 51st season in the Football League, and their eighth consecutive season in the top division of English football.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070357-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Manchester United F.C. season\nThe regeneration of squad continued as younger players continued to take the place of the players who had been in the 1948 FA Cup winning team and the previous season's title campaign. Making their senior debuts this season were teenagers Duncan Edwards, a half-back from Dudley, and Doncaster-born winger David Pegg. Also joining the ranks was 21-year-old centre-forward Tommy Taylor from Barnsley for a club record fee of \u00a329,999 in April 1953, a month before Edwards made his debut.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070358-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Mansfield Town F.C. season\nThe 1952\u201353 season was Mansfield Town's 15th season in the Football League and tenth season in the Third Division North, they finished in 18th position with 46 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070359-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Mexican Primera Divisi\u00f3n season\nStatistics of the Primera Divisi\u00f3n de M\u00e9xico for the 1952\u201353 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070359-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Mexican Primera Divisi\u00f3n season, Overview\nThe season was contested by 12 teams, and Tampico won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 49], "content_span": [50, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070360-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Mexican Segunda Divisi\u00f3n season\nThe 1952-53 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n de M\u00e9xico season was the third tournament in this competition. Initially it counted with the participation of 13 teams, however, after Match 20 Cuautla was disqualified due to undue alignment and other irregularities. Toluca was the winner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070361-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team\nThe 1952\u201353 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team represented the University of Michigan in intercollegiate basketball during the 1952\u201353 season. The team finished the season in a tie for ninth place in the Big Ten Conference with an overall record of 6\u201316 and 3\u201315 against conference opponents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070361-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team\nWilliam Perigo was in his first year as the team's head coach. Paul Groffsky was the team's leading scorer with 301 points in 22 games for an average of 13.6 points per game. Doug Lawrence was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070362-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey season\nThe 1952\u201353 Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey team represented the University of Michigan in college ice hockey. In its ninth year under head coach Vic Heyliger, the team compiled a 17\u20137\u20130 record, outscored opponents 139 to 71, and won the 1953 NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Tournament. The season was the third consecutive, and the fourth overall under Vic Heyliger, in which the Michigan hockey team won the NCAA championship. The team also finished the regular season in at tie with Minnesota as the co-champion of the Midwest Collegiate Hockey League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 613]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070362-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey season, Individual accomplishments\nTeam captain John Matchefts, a senior from Eveleth, Minnesota, was the leading scorer with 48 points on 18 goals and 30 assists. Michigan left wing Johnny McKennell, a senior from Toronto, was suspended for the remainder of the season after he allegedly punched referee Milo Yalich in Denver, Colorado, following a 5-4 overtime loss to the Denver Pioneers on December 23, 1952. McKennell was accused of slugging Yalich three times while disputing Denver's game-winning overtime goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 79], "content_span": [80, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070362-0001-0001", "contents": "1952\u201353 Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey season, Individual accomplishments\nAthletic director Fritz Crisler announced the suspension after receiving a notarized report from the president of the Rocky Mountain Hockey Officials Association in early January 1953. McKennell denied hitting the referee and claimed that he was the victim of a plot by Colorado College coach Cheddy Thompson to \"get even\" with Michigan coach Vic Heyliger. Heyliger opined that the suspension was too severe, noting that McKennell had no prior disciplinary action in three years and the evidence was conflicting as to whether McKennell even hit Yalich. Heyliger noted, \"This has ruined Johnny's whole college career.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 79], "content_span": [80, 697]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070362-0002-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey season, Individual accomplishments\nRight winger Earl Keyes, who served as captain of the 1951\u201352 Michigan hockey team, graduated in January 1953 and played his final game for the Wolverines on January 17, 1953. At the time, The Michigan Daily called Keyes \"[o]ne of the best players in Michigan hockey history\" and praised him for his versatility. Keyes played at the center position for two-and-a-half years, moved to right wing in 1952, appeared in several games as a defensemen, and even played at the goalie position for two games. In two games at goalie, he had 49 saves in back-to-back victories over Michigan Tech during the 1950-51 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 79], "content_span": [80, 692]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070362-0003-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey season, Individual accomplishments\nEarl Keyes, Alex MacLellan, John Matchefts and John McKennell are the only men's ice hockey players in NCAA history to win three national titles. Additionally, they are among the only players to play in a national championship game each season in which they had eligibility (3 seasons for players prior to 1969, 4 seasons for players after 1969).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 79], "content_span": [80, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070362-0004-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey season, 1953 NCAA Tournament\nIn the  1953 NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Tournament, Michigan and Minnesota were invited to represent the west, and Boston University and Rensselaer Polytechnic were invited to represent the east. In the first round, the Wolverines defeated the Boston University Terriers by a 14-2 score.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 73], "content_span": [74, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070362-0005-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey season, 1953 NCAA Tournament\nIn the championship game, Michigan faced Minnesota before a capacity crowd of 2,700 at Broadmoor Arena in Colorado Springs, Colorado. Michigan and Minnesota had played four games in the regular season, with Minnesota winning three of the four contests. In mid-February, the Golden Gophers had swept a two-game series in Minneapolis by scores of 5-2 and 4-0.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 73], "content_span": [74, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070362-0006-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey season, 1953 NCAA Tournament\nMinnesota led 2-1 at the end of the first period of the championship game. Jim Haas gave Michigan a 1-0 lead with a goal at the 5:48 mark of the opening period (assist by Alex MacLellan), but Minnesota took the lead on goals by Dick Meredith and Dick Dougherty. In the second period, Michigan scored two goals to take a 3-2 lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 73], "content_span": [74, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070362-0006-0001", "contents": "1952\u201353 Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey season, 1953 NCAA Tournament\nDoug Philpott scored at the 6:15 mark (with an assist by Reg Shave) to tie the score at 2-2, and Doug Mullen put Michigan in the lead with a goal at the 11:08 mark (with assists by George Chin and Pat Cooney). Michigan added three goals in the first ten minutes of the third period to extend the lead to 6-2. John Matchefts scored an unassisted power play goal at 3:38 of the third period; Jim Haas added an unassisted goal at the 7:17 mark; and Doug Philpott scored on a power play at 9:14 with an assist from Haas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 73], "content_span": [74, 590]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070362-0006-0002", "contents": "1952\u201353 Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey season, 1953 NCAA Tournament\nMinnesota scored on a goal by Yackel at 10:42, and Matchefts closed out the scoring with an empty net goal with 11 second left in the game (assist by Philpott). With four goals in the third period, Michigan won its third consecutive NCAA championship, defeating the Golden Gophers by a 7-3 score.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 73], "content_span": [74, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070362-0007-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey season, 1953 NCAA Tournament\nAlex McLellan and John Matchefts were chosen for the first-team All-Tournament Team. Matchefts was named the Most Outstanding Player in the tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 73], "content_span": [74, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070362-0008-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey season, Roster and scoring statistics\nAlbert P. Pickus, a senior from Sioux City, Iowa, was awarded the Manager's \"M\" for his service as the team's manager.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 82], "content_span": [83, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070363-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Milwaukee Hawks season\nThe 1952\u201353 NBA season was the Hawks' fourth season in the NBA and second season in Milwaukee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070364-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Minneapolis Lakers season\nThe 1952\u201353 Minneapolis Lakers season was the fifth season for the franchise in the National Basketball Association (NBA). The Lakers continued to be the dominant force in the league as they won the Western Division with a 48\u201322 record. In the playoffs, the Lakers would sweep the Indianapolis Olympians in 2 straight. In the Western Finals, the Lakers would win the first 2 games at home. Against the Fort Wayne Pistons, the Lakers were pushed to a 5th game. The series returned to Minneapolis, where the Lakers won the 5th game 74\u201358. In the Finals, the Lakers vanquished the New York Knickerbockers for their 2nd straight Championship, and 4th Championship overall in the franchise's first five seasons in the NBA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 751]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070364-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Minneapolis Lakers season, Player stats\nNote: GP= Games played; REB= Rebounds; AST= Assists; STL = Steals; BLK = Blocks; PTS = Points; AVG = Average", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 47], "content_span": [48, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070365-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Montreal Canadiens season\nThe 1952\u201353 Montreal Canadiens season was the Canadiens' 44th season of play. The Canadiens placed second in the regular season, defeated the Chicago Black Hawks in the semi-final and the Boston Bruins in the final to win the club's seventh Stanley Cup championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070366-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 NBA season\nThe 1952\u201353 NBA season was the seventh season of the National Basketball Association. The season ended with the Minneapolis Lakers winning the NBA Championship, beating the New York Knicks 4 games to 1 in the NBA Finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070366-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 NBA season, Playoffs\n* Division winnerBold Series winnerItalic Team with home-court advantage in NBA Finals", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 28], "content_span": [29, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070366-0002-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 NBA season, Statistics leaders\nNote: Prior to the 1969\u201370 season, league leaders in points, rebounds, and assists were determined by totals rather than averages.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 38], "content_span": [39, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070367-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 NCAA men's basketball rankings\nThe 1952\u201353 NCAA men's basketball rankings was made up of two human polls, the AP Poll and the Coaches Poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070368-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 NCAA men's basketball season\nThe 1952\u201353 NCAA men's basketball season began in December 1952, progressed through the regular season and conference tournaments, and concluded with the 1953 NCAA Basketball Tournament Championship Game on March 18, 1953, at Municipal Auditorium in Kansas City, Missouri. The Indiana Hoosiers won their second NCAA national championship with a 69\u201368 victory over the Kansas Jayhawks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070368-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 NCAA men's basketball season, Rule changes\nTeams must take a free throw after a foul, as had been the practice through the 1938\u201339 season. Previously, under a rule that had been in effect since the 1939\u201340 season, a team could waive its free throw and instead take the ball at mid-court after a foul.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 50], "content_span": [51, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070368-0002-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 NCAA men's basketball season, Season outlook, Pre-season polls\nThe Top 20 from the AP Poll and the UP Coaches Poll during the pre-season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 70], "content_span": [71, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070368-0003-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 NCAA men's basketball season, Coaching changes\nA number of teams changed coaches during the season and after it ended.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 54], "content_span": [55, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070369-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 NCAA men's ice hockey season\nThe 1952\u201353 NCAA men's ice hockey season began in November 1952 and concluded with the 1953 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament's championship game on March 14, 1953, at the Broadmoor Ice Palace in Colorado Springs, Colorado. This was the 6th season in which an NCAA ice hockey championship was held and is the 58th year overall where an NCAA school fielded a team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070369-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 NCAA men's ice hockey season, Player stats, Scoring leaders\nThe following players led the league in points at the conclusion of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 67], "content_span": [68, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070369-0002-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 NCAA men's ice hockey season, Player stats, Scoring leaders\nGP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; PIM = Penalty minutes", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 67], "content_span": [68, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070369-0003-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 NCAA men's ice hockey season, Player stats, Leading goaltenders\nThe following goaltenders led the league in goals against average at the end of the regular season while playing at least 33% of their team's total minutes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 71], "content_span": [72, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070369-0004-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 NCAA men's ice hockey season, Player stats, Leading goaltenders\nGP = Games played; Min = Minutes played; W = Wins; L = Losses; OT = Overtime/shootout losses; GA = Goals against; SO = Shutouts; SV% = Save percentage; GAA = Goals against average", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 71], "content_span": [72, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070370-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 NHL season\nThe 1952\u201353 NHL season was the 36th season of the National Hockey League. The Montreal Canadiens were the Stanley Cup winners as they beat the Boston Bruins four games to one in the final series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070370-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 NHL season, League business\nThe NHL almost had a seventh franchise, as the Cleveland Barons of the American Hockey League applied for a franchise. They were accepted with the proviso that they deposit $425,000 to show good faith, and prove they had sufficient working capital to consort with the other NHL teams. They could not come up with the working capital and transfer of applicants stock to Cleveland residents. As a result, the Barons were told to apply at a later date.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 35], "content_span": [36, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070370-0002-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 NHL season, League business\nA big deal was made between Toronto and Chicago as the Maple Leafs shipped Al Rollins, Gus Mortson, and Cal Gardner for goaltender Harry Lumley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 35], "content_span": [36, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070370-0003-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 NHL season, League business\nWhat was rumoured became fact in September when Arthur M. Wirtz and James D. Norris became the new owners of the near bankrupt Chicago Black Hawks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 35], "content_span": [36, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070370-0004-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 NHL season, League business\nJames E. Norris, owner of the Detroit Red Wings since 1932 and father of James D. Norris, Chicago owner, died of a heart attack on December 4, 1952, and his daughter Marguerite became the owner. She became the first female owner of an NHL franchise since Ida Querrie owned the Toronto St. Patricks in 1923 when her husband Charlie transferred his stock in the team to her to avoid paying Eddie Livingstone any money in Livingstone's lawsuit against him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 35], "content_span": [36, 489]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070370-0005-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 NHL season, League business\nNHL on-ice officials changed to orange-coloured uniforms in March 1953. The officials had worn cream-coloured uniforms which were not distinguishable from some team's home-ice uniforms.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 35], "content_span": [36, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070370-0006-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 NHL season, Regular season\nFor the fifth straight season, the Detroit Red Wings lead the league in points. Gordie Howe won the Hart Trophy over Al Rollins, but on the strength of Rollins' goaltending, Chicago made the playoffs for the first time since 1946.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070370-0007-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 NHL season, Regular season\nThe first television broadcast in Canada of an NHL game occurred on October 11, 1952. It was a French language broadcast of a game between the Montreal Canadiens and Detroit Red Wings with the Canadiens winning 2\u20131. The French language telecast was produced by 24-year-old Gerald Renaud. On November 1, the first English language broadcast aired, with Foster Hewitt calling the action, starting in the second period because Conn Smythe was concerned that it would cut into the crowds at the arena. Smythe, the Leafs' managing director, sold the Leafs' television rights for a paltry $100 per game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 632]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070370-0008-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 NHL season, Regular season, Highlights\nGump Worsley made his NHL debut October 9, 1952, in goal for the New York Rangers at the Detroit Olympia and lost 5\u20133, as Ted Lindsay scored in a tip-in on the power play for Worsley's first goal against him. The Production line scored 3 goals that night as Alex Delvecchio and Gordie Howe also had goals. Marty Pavelich scored what proved to be the winning goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 46], "content_span": [47, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070370-0009-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 NHL season, Regular season, Highlights\nOn November 8, 14,562 fans were in attendance at the Montreal Forum when the Canadiens beat Chicago 6\u20134. Elmer Lach scored his 200th career goal. Fifty seconds later, after Emile \"Butch\" Bouchard fed him the puck, Rocket Richard rifled a puck past Al Rollins for his 325th goal, breaking Nels Stewart's record for career goals. It was ten years to the day since Richard had scored his first NHL goal. \"Old Poison\" sent the following telegram: \"Congratulations on breaking record. Hope you will hold it for many seasons. Best of luck to you and rest of team.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 46], "content_span": [47, 605]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070370-0010-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 NHL season, Regular season, Highlights\nWhen Terry Sawchuk was injured in practice, the Red Wings brought up Glenn Hall and he made his NHL debut on December 27 and played well in a 2\u20132 tie with Montreal. Hall then picked up his first career shutout January 7, blanking Boston 4\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 46], "content_span": [47, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070370-0011-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 NHL season, Regular season, Highlights\nRed Wings General Manager Jack Adams got into some trouble on January 18 when, after a 3\u20132 loss to Montreal, he entered the officials room and argued with referee Red Storey. Dick Irvin, coach of Montreal, was very upset over this and NHL president Clarence Campbell agreed, fining Adams $500.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 46], "content_span": [47, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070370-0012-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 NHL season, Regular season, Highlights\nGump Worsley got his first career shutout January 11 when the New York Rangers defeated the Canadiens 7\u20130 in Montreal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 46], "content_span": [47, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070370-0013-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 NHL season, Regular season, Highlights\nButch Bouchard Night was held on February 28 and he was presented with a car and a TV set. Detroit spoiled the night with a 4\u20133 victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 46], "content_span": [47, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070370-0014-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 NHL season, Regular season, Highlights\nThere was consternation in Toronto when Max Bentley suddenly vanished and was reported back at his home in Delisle, Saskatchewan. Conn Smythe convinced him to return and he did, playing the remaining games of the schedule.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 46], "content_span": [47, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070370-0015-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 NHL season, Regular season, Highlights\nTed Lindsay scored 4 goals on March 2 as Detroit pummeled Boston by a score of 10\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 46], "content_span": [47, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070370-0016-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 NHL season, Regular season, Highlights\nGordie Howe scored 49 goals to nearly tie Rocket Richard's record. Howe was held off the scoresheet in the final game of the season by Richard's Canadiens. Howe set a new points record for the season with 95 points and won the Art Ross and Hart trophies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 46], "content_span": [47, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070370-0017-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 NHL season, Playoffs\nIn a major upset, first-place Detroit was defeated in the semifinal by the Boston Bruins in six games. In the other semifinal, the fourth-place Chicago Black Hawks, making their first playoff appearance in seven years, took a 3\u20132 series lead after losing the first two games to the second-place Montreal Canadiens, but could not finish the job, losing in seven games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 28], "content_span": [29, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070370-0018-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 NHL season, Playoffs, Stanley Cup Finals\nIn the Finals, the Bruins could not continue their winning ways, and lost to Montreal in five games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 48], "content_span": [49, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070370-0019-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 NHL season, Playoffs, Stanley Cup Finals\nAfter the Finals, the Cleveland Barons of the American Hockey League applied to play a Stanley Cup challenge. The NHL governors turned down the challenge, stating that the Cleveland club operated in a league of lower standing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 48], "content_span": [49, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070370-0020-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 NHL season, Player statistics, Scoring leaders\nNote: GP = Games played, G = Goals, A = Assists, PTS = Points, PIM = Penalties in minutes", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 54], "content_span": [55, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070370-0021-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 NHL season, Player statistics, Leading goaltenders\nNote: GP = Games played; Min \u2013 Minutes Played; GA = Goals Against; GAA = Goals Against Average; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; SO = Shutouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 58], "content_span": [59, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070370-0022-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 NHL season, Debuts\nThe following is a list of players of note who played their first NHL game in 1952\u201353 (listed with their first team, asterisk(*) marks debut in playoffs):", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 26], "content_span": [27, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070370-0023-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 NHL season, Last games\nThe following is a list of players of note that played their last game in the NHL in 1952\u201353 (listed with their last team):", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 30], "content_span": [31, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070371-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 National Football League (Ireland)\nThe 1952\u201353 National Football League was the 22nd staging of the National Football League (NFL), an annual Gaelic football tournament for the Gaelic Athletic Association county teams of Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070371-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 National Football League (Ireland)\nDublin defeated Cavan in the final, wearing St Vincents' white and blue shirts \u2014 not just to prevent a colour clash, but because fourteen of their team were Vincents' men (the exception being goalkeeper Tony O'Grady of the Air Corps club).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070371-0002-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 National Football League (Ireland), Format\nTeams are placed into Divisions I, II, III and IV. The top team in each division reach the semi-final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 50], "content_span": [51, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070371-0003-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 National Football League (Ireland), Results, Division III\nMayo, Kerry and  Galway were tied at the top, so had a playoff round which Kerry won. Clare and Cork were at the bottom.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 65], "content_span": [66, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070372-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 National Hurling League\nThe 1952\u201353 National Hurling League was the 22nd season of the National Hurling League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070372-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 National Hurling League, Division 1\nTipperary came into the season as defending champions of the 1951-52 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070372-0002-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 National Hurling League, Division 1\nOn 19 April 1953, Cork won the title after a 2-10 to 2-7 win over Tipperary in the final. It was their 6th league title overall and their first since 1947-48.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070373-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Nationalliga A, Overview\nIt was contested by 14 teams, and FC Basel won the championship for the first time in the club's history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 32], "content_span": [33, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070374-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Nationalliga A season\nThe 1952\u201353 Nationalliga A season was the 15th season of the Nationalliga A, the top level of ice hockey in Switzerland. Eight teams participated in the league, and EHC Arosa won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070375-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Netherlands Football League Championship\nThe Netherlands Football League Championship 1952\u20131953 was contested by 56 teams participating in four divisions. The national champion would be determined by a play-off featuring the winners of each division of the Netherlands. RCH won this year's championship by beating FC Eindhoven, Sparta Rotterdam and Vitesse Arnhem.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070376-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 New York Knicks season\nThe 1952\u201353 New York Knicks season was the seventh season for the team in the National Basketball Association (NBA). With a 47\u201323 record, the Knicks won the regular season Eastern Division title by a half-game over the Syracuse Nationals and made the NBA Playoffs for the seventh consecutive year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070376-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 New York Knicks season\nIn the first round of the 1953 NBA Playoffs, the Knicks swept the Baltimore Bullets 2\u20130 in a best-of-three series to advance to the Eastern Division Finals. There, New York defeated the Boston Celtics 3\u20131 to make the NBA Finals for the third straight year. In the Finals, the Knicks lost to the Minneapolis Lakers, four games to one.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070376-0002-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 New York Knicks season, NBA draft\nNote: This is not an extensive list; it only covers the first and second rounds, and any other players picked by the franchise that played at least one game in the league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070377-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 New York Rangers season\nThe 1952\u201353 New York Rangers season was the 27th season for the team in the National Hockey League (NHL). During the regular season, the Rangers compiled a 17\u201337\u201316 record and finished with 50 points. The Rangers' last-place finish caused them to miss the NHL playoffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070377-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 New York Rangers season, Playoffs\nThe Rangers finished in last place in the NHL and failed to qualify for the 1953 Stanley Cup playoffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 41], "content_span": [42, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070377-0002-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 New York Rangers season, Player statistics\n\u2020Denotes player spent time with another team before joining Rangers. Stats reflect time with Rangers only. \u2021Traded mid-season. Stats reflect time with Rangers only.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 50], "content_span": [51, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070378-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Newport County A.F.C. season\nThe 1952\u201353 season was Newport County's sixth consecutive season in the Third Division South since relegation from the Second Division at the end of the 1946\u201347 season. It was the club's 24th season in the third tier and 25th season overall in the Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070380-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Northern Football League\nThe 1952\u201353 Northern Football League season was the 55th in the history of the Northern Football League, a football competition in Northern England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070380-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Northern Football League, Clubs\nThe league featured 13 clubs which competed in the last season, along with one new club:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 39], "content_span": [40, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070381-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Northern Rugby Football League season\nThe 1952\u201353 Rugby Football League season was the 58th season of rugby league football.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070381-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Northern Rugby Football League season, Season summary\nSt. Helens won their second Rugby Football League Championship when they beat Halifax 24-14 in the play-off final. They also ended the regular season as league leaders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 61], "content_span": [62, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070381-0002-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Northern Rugby Football League season, Season summary\nThe Challenge Cup Winners were Huddersfield who beat St. Helens 15-10 in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 61], "content_span": [62, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070381-0003-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Northern Rugby Football League season, Season summary\nSt. Helens won the Lancashire League, and Halifax won the Yorkshire League. Leigh beat St. Helens 22\u20135 to win the Lancashire County Cup, and Huddersfield beat Batley 18\u20138 to win the Yorkshire County Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 61], "content_span": [62, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070381-0004-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Northern Rugby Football League season, Challenge Cup\nA club record 69,429 people watch the Challenge Cup 3rd Round tie at Odsal between Bradford Northern and Huddersfield. Larger crowds had watched matches at Odsal, but this was the largest involving the home side.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 60], "content_span": [61, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070381-0005-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Northern Rugby Football League season, Challenge Cup\nIn the Final, Huddersfield beat St. Helens 15-10 at Wembley in front of a crowd of 89,588. This produced a record gate taking for a Challenge Cup final of \u00a331,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 60], "content_span": [61, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070381-0006-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Northern Rugby Football League season, Challenge Cup\nThis was Huddersfield\u2019s sixth Cup Final win in seven Final appearances, including one win during the Second World War. Peter Ramsden, their stand-off half, became the youngest player to win the Lance Todd Trophy for man-of-the-match at 19. the Huddersfield team also featured Australian Pat Devery and New Zealand's Peter Henderson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 60], "content_span": [61, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070382-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Norwegian 1. Divisjon season\nThe 1952\u201353 Norwegian 1. Divisjon season was the 14th season of ice hockey in Norway. Eight teams participated in the league, and Gamlebyen won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070383-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Norwegian Main League\nThe 1952\u20131953 Hovedserien was the 9th completed season of top division football in Norway.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070383-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Norwegian Main League, Overview\n16 teams competed. Larvik Turn & IF won the championship, their first league title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070384-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 OB I bajnoksag season\nThe 1952\u201353 OB I bajnoks\u00e1g season was the 16th season of the OB I bajnoks\u00e1g, the top level of ice hockey in Hungary. Nine teams participated in the league, and Postas Budapest won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070385-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Oberliga\nThe 1952\u201353 Oberliga  was the eighth season of the Oberliga, the first tier of the football league system in West Germany and the Saar Protectorate. The league operated in five regional divisions, Berlin, North, South, Southwest and West. The five league champions and the runners-up from the south, north and west then entered the 1953 German football championship which was won by 1. FC Kaiserslautern. It was 1. FC Kaiserslautern's second national championship, having previously won it in 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070385-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Oberliga\n1. FC K\u00f6ln set a new Oberliga start record in 1952\u201353, winning its first eleven games, a mark later equaled by Hannover 96 in 1953\u201354 and Hamburger SV in 1961\u201362 but never surpassed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070385-0002-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Oberliga\nA similar-named league, the DDR-Oberliga, existed in East Germany, set at the first tier of the East German football league system. The 1952\u201353 DDR-Oberliga was won by Dynamo Dresden.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070385-0003-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Oberliga, Oberliga Nord\nThe 1952\u201353 season saw three new clubs in the league, FC Altona 93, Harburger TB and VfB L\u00fcbeck, all promoted from the Amateurliga. The league's top scorer was G\u00fcnter Schlegel of G\u00f6ttingen 05 with 26 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 31], "content_span": [32, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070385-0004-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Oberliga, Oberliga Berlin\nThe 1952\u201353 season saw two new clubs in the league, BFC S\u00fcdring and SC S\u00fcdwest Berlin, both promoted from the Amateurliga Berlin. The league's top scorer was Alfred Herrmann of Minerva 93 Berlin with 17 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 33], "content_span": [34, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070385-0005-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Oberliga, Oberliga West\nThe 1952\u201353 season saw two new clubs in the league, SV Sodingen and Borussia M\u00fcnchen-Gladbach, both promoted from the 2. Oberliga West. The league's top scorer was Hans Sch\u00e4fer of 1. FC K\u00f6ln with 26 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 31], "content_span": [32, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070385-0006-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Oberliga, Oberliga S\u00fcdwest\nThe 1952\u201353 season saw four new clubs in the league, BFV Hassia Bingen, FV Speyer and VfR Kirn, all promoted from the 2. Oberliga S\u00fcdwest while Saar 05 Saarbr\u00fccken was promoted from the Amateurliga Saarland. The league's top scorer was Fritz Walter of 1. FC Kaiserslautern with 38 goals, the highest total for the five Oberligas in 1952\u201353.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 34], "content_span": [35, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070385-0007-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Oberliga, Oberliga S\u00fcd\nThe 1952\u201353 season saw two new clubs in the league, TSG Ulm 1846 and BC Augsburg, both promoted from the 2. Oberliga S\u00fcd. The league's top scorer was Horst Schade of SpVgg F\u00fcrth with 22 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 30], "content_span": [31, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070385-0008-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Oberliga, German championship\nThe 1953 German football championship was contested by the eight qualified Oberliga teams and won by 1. FC Kaiserslautern, defeating VfB Stuttgart in the final. The eight clubs played a home-and-away round of matches in two groups of four. The two group winners then advanced to the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 37], "content_span": [38, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070386-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Oberliga (ice hockey) season\nThe 1952-53 Oberliga season was the fifth season of the Oberliga, the top level of ice hockey in Germany. Eight teams participated in the league, and EV F\u00fcssen won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070387-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Panhellenic Championship\nThe 1952\u201353 Panhellenic Championship was the 17th season of the highest football league of Greece. It was the last season in which the title of champion was to be claimed by the winning clubs from the three main football associations representing the major urban centers (Athens, Piraeus and Thessaloniki). It was also the last in which the final phase was held with the presence of only three teams, the champions of the above associations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070387-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Panhellenic Championship\nThe championship was won by Panathinaikos, in a mediocre final as it developed into a final phase, where in 6 games a total of only 8 goals were scored by the three teams, all from different players, with the result that there was no top scorer for the event. The point system was: Win: 3 points - Draw: 2 points - Loss: 1 point.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070388-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Philadelphia Warriors season\nThe 1952\u201353 NBA season was the Warriors' 7th season in the NBA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070389-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Polska Liga Hokejowa season\nThe 1952\u201353 Polska Liga Hokejowa season was the 18th season of the Polska Liga Hokejowa, the top level of ice hockey in Poland. 12 teams participated in the league, and Legia Warszawa won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070390-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Port Vale F.C. season\nThe 1952\u201353 season was Port Vale's 41st season of football in the English Football League, and their first season (fourth overall) back in the Third Division North, following their switch from the Third Division South. Using an incredibly settled squad (only nineteen players were used all season), manager Freddie Steele led the Vale to a second-place finish, just a single point from the promotion spot. Built upon an 'iron curtain defence', just 35 goals were conceded in 46 league games. All this was achieved with pretty much the same bottom-placed team that Steele inherited in December 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 628]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070390-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Port Vale F.C. season\nFollowing from 9 February the previous season until 8 September the club racked up a club record streak of twelve consecutive home wins.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070390-0002-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Third Division North\nThe pre-season saw the club switched from the Third Division South to the Third Division North, very much against the wishes of the directors, who believed a loss of income would follow. Manager Freddie Steele decided against making any new signings, and instead kept faith with the young team he had inherited the previous season. Offers were made for some of the young prospects, but none were accepted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 61], "content_span": [62, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070390-0003-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Third Division North\nThe season began with a 1\u20130 defeat at Valley Parade with a goal from Ray King's brother George, managed by Steele's predecessor Ivor Powell. This did not affect the team's spirits, as they went straight on to a seven match unbeaten run, conceding just three goals. Steele picked up an injury and so selected the versatile Basil Hayward to replace him. A shrewd move, Hayward would go on to become the club's top scorer. It took awhile to pay off however, as Vale went five games scoring just one goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 61], "content_span": [62, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070390-0003-0001", "contents": "1952\u201353 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Third Division North\nSteele attempted to sign a new forward, but to no avail. A 1\u20130 home defeat to wooden spoon contenders Accrington Stanley exemplified the club's trouble in front of goal, and also ended their record-breaking run of twelve consecutive home wins. Steele and trainer Ken Fish put the squad to work on the special fitness regime they devised, as the \"Valiants\" marched onwards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 61], "content_span": [62, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070390-0004-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Third Division North\nTravelling to Boundary Park on 15 November, they beat Oldham Athletic 1\u20130, taking themselves up into third place. They dropped points during the Christmas period, though picked up a useful 4\u20131 win at Gresty Road on Boxing day. Three points out of a possible eight in February allowed leaders Oldham to pull away from the chasing Vale. In March Oldham and Grimsby Town struggled, and so Vale took advantage with six points from ten, conceding just three goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 61], "content_span": [62, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070390-0004-0001", "contents": "1952\u201353 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Third Division North\nWith six of the final nine games at home, and all of the chasing pack yet to visit Burslem, the omens seemed good for promotion. Vale duly remained unbeaten until the season's end, however drawing five of these games proved not enough. The 4 April encounter with Oldham proved to be the title decider, Vale had dominated the game but conceded a fatal equalizing goal on 86 minutes. Two draws against strugglers Chester were also costly. Nevertheless, they finished strongly, hammering Grimsby Town 4\u20130, Reg Potts scoring with a lob from 35 yards out.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 61], "content_span": [62, 612]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070390-0005-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Third Division North\nThey finished second, a single point away from top spot. Steele's emphasis on teamwork had turned the team around, and earned the club its best finish since their relegation from the second tier in 1935\u201336. Their defensive record of 35 goals conceded was bettered only by Second Division Huddersfield Town. Their tally of 58 points was second only to the club's extraordinary 1929\u201330 campaign. Their main weakness was an average offence, though Hayward proved to be a revelation with 22 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 61], "content_span": [62, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070390-0006-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Third Division North\nOn 4 May, Vale played Potteries derby rivals Stoke City, who had just been relegated from the First Division. This Coronation Cup match ended in a 2\u20130 win for Stoke, with \u00a31,053 raised for charity.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 61], "content_span": [62, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070390-0007-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Finances\nOn the financial side, a \u00a31,676 profit was recorded. This was due to a club record average attendance of 14,504 \u2013 which took gate receipts to \u00a339,929 \u2013 and a \u00a35,000 slash in the wage bill to \u00a318,246. For once the club did not sell its best players, and yet it also made a profit. Steele was rewarded with a three-year contract. He again kept on almost all of the squad, with two exceptions being Jimmy Todd (Wellington Town) and Norman Hallam (Halifax Town).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 49], "content_span": [50, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070390-0008-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Cup competitions\nIn the FA Cup, Third Division South Exeter City were beaten 2\u20131. However, in the Second Round league leaders Oldham Athletic won 3\u20130 in front of a season best 25,398 crowd at Vale Park \u2013 8,000 of them Oldham supporters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070391-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Primeira Divis\u00e3o, Overview\nIt was contested by 14 teams, and Sporting Clube de Portugal won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070392-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Rangers F.C. season\nThe 1952\u201353 season was the 73rd season of competitive football by Rangers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070392-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Rangers F.C. season, Overview\nRangers played a total of 46 competitive matches during the 1952\u201353 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070393-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Ranji Trophy\nThe 1952\u201353 Ranji Trophy was the 19th season of the Ranji Trophy. Holkar won the title defeating Bengal in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070393-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Ranji Trophy, Zonal Matches, South Zone\n(T) - Advanced to next round by spin of coin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 47], "content_span": [48, 93]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070394-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Real Madrid CF season\nThe 1952\u201353 season was Real Madrid Club de F\u00fatbol's 50th season in existence and the club's 21st consecutive season in the top flight of Spanish football.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070394-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Real Madrid CF season, Summary\nDuring Summer Juan Antonio Ipi\u00f1a took the job as new coach. The squad reached a decent third place on League table three points below Champions FC Barcelona. Striker Pahi\u00f1o chose to not renew his contract and left the club towards Deportivo La Coru\u00f1a on 1 August 1953. under pressure President Santiago Bernab\u00e9u reached and agreement with Jose\u00edto and the forward chose to remain another season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070394-0002-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Real Madrid CF season, Summary\nDuring June, the squad reached 1953 Copa del General\u00edsimo semi-finals being defeated after two matches by Atletico Bilbao with a global score of 3\u20134.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070394-0003-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Real Madrid CF season, Squad\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 36], "content_span": [37, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070395-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Rheinlandliga\nThe 1952\u201353 Rheinlandliga was the first season of the highest amateur class of the Rhineland Football Association under the name of 1. Amateurliga Rheinland. It replaced the multi-tracked Landesliga Rheinland as the highest amateur class and was a predecessor of today's Rheinlandliga.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070395-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Rheinlandliga\nThe 1. Amateurliga was below II. Division Southwest until 1963 and therefore the third-class in the hierarchy. In the seasons 1956-57 to 1962-63 the league was played in two divisions (East and West). The two division champions played to determine the Rhineland champion. With the introduction of the regional league Southwest as second highest class, starting in the 1963-64 season, the Amateur league Rheinland was again combined into one division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070395-0001-0001", "contents": "1952\u201353 Rheinlandliga\nBeginning in the 1974-75 season, the league played a role as a sub-team to the newly introduced 2. Bundesliga, where the Rhineland champion played in a relegation against the champion of the Verbandsliga S\u00fcdwest and the Saarlandliga, for a position in the south divisions of the 2. Bundesliga. Starting from the 1978-79 season, the Oberliga Rheinland-Pfalz/Saar was introduced as the highest amateur class and this class was renamed to the \"Verbandsliga Rheinland\" and since then only fourth class.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070395-0002-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Rheinlandliga, Results\nRhineland champion was SpVgg Bendorf. In the relegation rounds to move up to the 2. league Southwest, Bensdorf finished in last place had to remain in the league. FC Urbar participated as a Rhineland representative in the German Soccer Amateur Championship in 1953, but did not go beyond the group stage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070395-0003-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Rheinlandliga, Results\nSV Remagen, TuS Mayen, SV Trier-West and SG Betzdorf had to move down into the 2. Amateur League after this season. For the following season, 1953\u201354, Gr\u00fcn-Wei\u00df Vallendar, SV Wittlich, TuS Montabaur and VfL Brohl moved up from the 2. Amateur league", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070395-0004-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Rheinlandliga, Results\nGermania Mudersbach switched to the Landesliga Westfalen after that season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070396-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Rochdale A.F.C. season\nThe 1952\u201353 season saw Rochdale compete for their 25th season in the Football League Third Division North.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070397-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Rochester Royals season\nThe 1952\u201353 NBA season was the Royals fifth season in the NBA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070398-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Romanian Hockey League season\nThe 1952\u201353 Romanian Hockey League season was the 23rd season of the Romanian Hockey League. Six teams participated in the league, and CCA Bucuresti won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070399-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Rugby Union County Championship\nThe 1952\u201353 Rugby Union County Championship was the 53rd edition of England's premier rugby union club competition at the time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070399-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Rugby Union County Championship\nYorkshire won the competition for the tenth time (but the first since 1928) after defeating East Midlands in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070400-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 SK Rapid Wien season\nThe 1952\u201353 SK Rapid Wien season was the 55th season in club history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070401-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 SM-sarja season\nThe 1952\u201353 SM-sarja season was the 22nd season of the SM-sarja, the top level of ice hockey in Finland. 12 teams participated in the league, and TBK Tampere won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070402-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Scottish Cup\nThe 1952\u201353 Scottish Cup was the 68th staging of Scotland's most prestigious football knockout competition. The Cup was won by Rangers who defeated Aberdeen in the replayed final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070403-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Scottish Districts season\nThe 1952\u201353 Scottish Districts season is a record of all the  rugby union matches for Scotland's district teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070403-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Scottish Districts season\nIt includes the Inter-City fixture between Glasgow District and Edinburgh District.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070403-0002-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Scottish Districts season, History\nFrom the Inter-City match, it is noted that W. L. K. Cowie, Mackenzie, Blackwood improved their selection chances for the national team; and G. Culver also played well.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070404-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Scottish Division A\nThe 1952\u201353 Scottish Division A was won by Rangers on goal average over nearest rival Hibernian. Motherwell and Third Lanark finished 15th and 16th respectively and were relegated to the 1953\u201354 Scottish Division B.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070404-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Scottish Division A\nRangers won the title with a 1\u20131 draw on the last day of the season, away to Queen of the South. Rangers equalised with 17 minutes to go and thereby won the league on goal average from Hibernian, preventing the Edinburgh club from winning a third successive title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070405-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Scottish Division B\nThe 1952\u201353 Scottish Division B was won by Stirling Albion who, along with second placed Hamilton Academical, were promoted to the Division A. Albion Rovers finished bottom.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070407-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Scottish League Cup\nThe 1952\u201353 Scottish League Cup was the seventh season of Scotland's second football knockout competition. The competition was won Dundee for a second successive season, who defeated Kilmarnock in the Final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070408-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Scottish National League season\nThe 1952-53 Scottish National League season was the 15th and penultimate season of the Scottish National League, the top level of ice hockey in Scotland at the time. Eight teams participated in the league, and the Falkirk Lions won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070409-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n\nThe 1952\u201353 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n season was the 22nd since its establishment and was played between 13 September 1952 and 3 May 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070409-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n, Overview before the season\n32 teams joined the league, including two relegated from the 1951\u201352 La Liga and 6 promoted from the 1951\u201352 Tercera Divisi\u00f3n.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070411-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Serie A (ice hockey) season\nThe 1952\u201353 Serie A season was the 20th season of the Serie A, the top level of ice hockey in Italy. Six teams participated in the league, and HC Diavoli Rossoneri Milano won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070412-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Serie B\nThe Serie B 1952\u201353 was the twenty-first tournament of this competition played in Italy since its creation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070412-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Serie B, Teams\nCagliari had been promoted from Serie C, while Lucchese, Padova and Legnano had been relegated from Serie A.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 22], "content_span": [23, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070413-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Serie C\nThe 1952\u201353 Serie C was the fifteenth edition of Serie C, the third highest league in the Italian football league system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070413-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Serie C\nThe tournament was organized in a single table for the first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 82]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070413-0002-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Serie C, Events\nThe league was organized into a single division of 18 teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 23], "content_span": [24, 84]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070413-0003-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Serie C, Events\nNo team had been promoted from lower divisions in 1951\u201352 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 23], "content_span": [24, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070413-0004-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Serie C, Events\nEach team played a total of 34 matches (17 at home, 17 away). The 2\u20131\u20130 point system was used for the classification.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 23], "content_span": [24, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070413-0005-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Serie C, Events\nAt the end of the 34th round, teams at the first two positions of the classification were promoted in Serie B for the 1953\u201354 season. On the contrary, teams which finished their league at the last four places were relegated in IV Serie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 23], "content_span": [24, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070414-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Sheffield Shield season\nThe 1952\u201353 Sheffield Shield season was the 51st season of the Sheffield Shield, the domestic first-class cricket competition of Australia. South Australia won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070415-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Southern Football League\nThe 1952\u201353 Southern Football League season was the 50th in the history of the league, an English football competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070415-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Southern Football League\nNo new clubs had joined the league for this season so the league consisted of 22 clubs from previous season. Headington United were champions for the first time in their history. Five Southern League clubs applied to join the Football League at the end of the season, but none were successful.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070415-0002-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Southern Football League, Football League elections\nFive Southern League clubs applied for election to the Football League. However, none were successful as all four League clubs were re-elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 59], "content_span": [60, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070416-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Soviet Cup (ice hockey)\nThe 1952\u201353 Soviet Cup was the third edition of the Soviet Cup ice hockey tournament. 25 teams participated in the tournament, which was won by Dynamo Moscow.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070417-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Soviet League season\nThe 1952\u201353 Soviet Championship League season was the seventh season of the Soviet Championship League, the top level of ice hockey in the Soviet Union. Seventeen teams participated in the league, and VVS MVO Moscow won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070418-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Spartan League\nThe 1952\u201353 Spartan League season was the 35th in the history of Spartan League. The league consisted of 16 clubs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070418-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Spartan League, League table, Premier Division\nThe division featured 16 clubs, including four that were new to the division:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 54], "content_span": [55, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070419-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 St. Francis Terriers men's basketball team\nThe 1952\u20131953 St. Francis Terriers men's basketball team represented St. Francis College during the 1952\u201353 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team was coached by Daniel Lynch, who was in his fifth year at the helm of the St. Francis Terriers. The team was a member of the Metropolitan New York Conference and played their home games at the Bulter Street Gymnasium in their Cobble Hill, Brooklyn campus and at the II Corps Artillery Armory in Park Slope, Brooklyn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070419-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 St. Francis Terriers men's basketball team\nThe Terriers, while not nationally ranked during the season, received votes from Associated Press balloting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070420-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Stoke City F.C. season\nThe 1952\u201353 season was Stoke City's 46th season in the Football League and the 32nd in the First Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070420-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Stoke City F.C. season\nThe summer of 1952 again brought drama as long serving manager Bob McGrory resigned after spending 31 years with the club as player and manager. In his place came former Scarborough manager and Wolverhampton Wanderers defender Frank Taylor. However despite a change in leadership the team continued to struggle and were again involved in a relegation battle. The season went to the final day and Stoke went into their match against Derby County knowing they had to win to stay up, a 2\u20131 defeat saw Stoke's stay in the First Division come to a disappointing end.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 592]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070420-0002-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Stoke City F.C. season, Season review, League\nDuring the summer of 1952 Bob McGrory resigned after spending 31 years at the Victoria Ground as player and manager and Frank Taylor took over as first team manager. Taylor was a 'new breed' of tracksuit manager and was regarded as potential great manager by the Stoke board. The first act Taylor did was to erect a sign above the players dressing room which read:  Are you 90 minutes fit? It's the last 20 minutes that count\u2013train for it.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 493]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070420-0003-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Stoke City F.C. season, Season review, League\nThe 1952\u201353 season was obviously going to be a transitional one with the defence and forward lines in need of strengthening. A new goalkeeper was brought in, Bill Robertson coming up from Birmingham City for \u00a38,000. The season did not start well and after one win the first five matches Taylor moved quickly to bring in Ken Thomson to the club a fine centre back from Aberdeen whilst allowing George Mountford to join Queens Park Rangers. Taylor also started to move on some of McGrory's signings but the talent from the youth team which had served Stoke for so long had now dried up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 638]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070420-0004-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Stoke City F.C. season, Season review, League\nPrior to the lead up to 1953 Stoke had agonisingly slipped into the relegation zone, but seven games without defeat at the turn of the year they seemed to have averted the danger. But then it all went wrong again and they slipped back down the table and in the end they had to win their final match of the season against an already relegated Derby County at the Victoria Ground. Most expected Stoke to step it up and beat a dejected Derby side but disaster struck as Jack Lee scored for the \"Rams\" early on.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070420-0004-0001", "contents": "1952\u201353 Stoke City F.C. season, Season review, League\nStoke hit back through Frank Bowyer but Jackie Stamps but Derby 2\u20131 up. Stoke created plenty of chances and with just minutes left were awarded a penalty but the reliable Ken Thomson hit his kick straight at Ray Middleton and with it ended Stoke's 20 year stay in the First Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070420-0005-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Stoke City F.C. season, Season review, FA Cup\nA miserable season was not helped any by a shock 1\u20130 defeat to Third Division North side Halifax Town in the fourth round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070421-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Sussex County Football League\nThe 1952\u201353 Sussex County Football League season was the 28th in the history of the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070421-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Sussex County Football League\nThe league increased to two Divisions, Division 1 and Division 2. Division 1 featured thirteen of last seasons teams with Whitehawk & Manor Farm Old Boys joining the league. Division 2 featured twelve teams from which the winners would be promoted into Division 1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070421-0002-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Sussex County Football League, Division One\nThe division featured 14 clubs, 13 which competed in the last season, along with one new club:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 51], "content_span": [52, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070422-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Swedish Division I season\nThe 1952\u201353 Swedish Division I season was the ninth season of Swedish Division I ice hockey. Sodertalje SK defeated Hammarby IF in the league final, 1 game to none, 1 tie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070423-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Swedish football Division 2\nStatistics of Swedish football Division 2 for the 1952\u201353 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070423-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Swedish football Division 2, League standings, Division 2 Nord\u00f6stra 1952\u201353\nTeams from a large part of northern Sweden, approximately above the province of Medelpad, were not allowed to play in the national league system until the 1953\u201354 season, and a championship was instead played to decide the best team in Norrland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 83], "content_span": [84, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070424-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Swedish football Division 3\nStatistics of Swedish football Division 3 for the 1952\u201353 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070425-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Syracuse Nationals season\nThe 1952\u201353 NBA season was the Nationals' 4th season in the NBA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070426-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Tercera Divisi\u00f3n\nThe 1952\u201353 Tercera Divisi\u00f3n season was the 17th since its establishment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070427-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Toronto Maple Leafs season\nThe 1952\u201353 Toronto Maple Leafs season was Toronto's 36th season in the National Hockey League (NHL).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070428-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 UCLA Bruins men's basketball team\nThe 1952\u201353 UCLA Bruins men's basketball team represented the University of California, Los Angeles during the 1952\u201353 NCAA men's basketball season and were members of the Pacific Coast Conference. The Bruins were led by fifth year head coach John Wooden. They finished the regular season with a record of 16\u20138 and finished 3rd in the PCC Southern Division with a record of 8\u20134.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070428-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 UCLA Bruins men's basketball team, Previous season\nThe Bruins finished the regular season with a record of 19\u201312 and won the southern division championship with a record of 8\u20134. They defeated the Washington Huskies in the conference play-offs and lost to Santa Clara in the NCAA regional semifinals and Oklahoma City in the regional consolation game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 58], "content_span": [59, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070429-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 United States network television schedule\nThe following is the 1952\u201353 network television schedule for the four major English language commercial broadcast networks in the United States. The schedule covers primetime hours from September 1952 through March 1953. The schedule is followed by a list per network of returning series, new series, and series cancelled after the 1951\u201352 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070429-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 United States network television schedule\nAccording to television historians Castleman and Podrazik (1982), the fall of 1953 marked a change in television when the networks began filling their schedules with \"grade B\" material. The networks' \"need to fill so many hours of broadcasting each day put the networks and local programmers into the same position that Hollywood had been in years before with its theatrical features.\" In between big-budget productions, the networks had to keep the public occupied. As the number of hours that the four TV networks offered programs continued to expand, \"the appearance of TV equivalents to grade-B films was almost inevitable.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 678]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070429-0002-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 United States network television schedule\nCastleman and Podrazik also point out that another change was taking place around this time. Filmed television series had been seen since the late 1940s, but were \"not considered very important to the networks' schedules\" because many were of poor quality; live productions from New York were the norm at this time. CBS's success with filmed program I Love Lucy in fall 1951, however, had convinced NBC to add a few filmed series to its fall 1952 schedule. Among NBC's new filmed TV series were My Hero, I Married Joan, and Doc Corkle. The Red Skelton Show, previously airing live, also made the move to film. NBC also moved Skelton's program from its previous late-evening time to 7 p.m. on Sundays, hoping the program would be a \"strong lead-in for the entire evening.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 821]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070429-0003-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 United States network television schedule\nNBC's Sunday night strategy failed, however, because Red Skelton's program suffered from excessive use of rerun episodes when Skelton unfortunately fell ill. Of the network's other filmed series, My Hero was \"a weak slapstick vehicle\" while Doc Corkle was \"generally regarded as the worst sitcom of the new season\". It lasted only three weeks before cancellation (replaced by the return of the live Mister Peepers). With the exceptions of I Married Joan and the revival of The Life of Riley starring William Bendix in January, NBC would have little luck with filmed programs during the 1952\u201353 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 651]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070429-0004-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 United States network television schedule\nABC had more luck with its new filmed series, The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet, while CBS aired the filmed Our Miss Brooks. Another successful CBS filmed show was anthology series Four Star Playhouse, which although not a top-rated show, did prove popular enough to run to 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070429-0005-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 United States network television schedule\nFall 1952 was a major blow for DuMont, when the network's biggest  star, Jackie Gleason, moved from DuMont to CBS. Gleason's new CBS series, The Jackie Gleason Show replaced DuMont's Cavalcade of Stars, airing Saturday nights at 8 p.m. Ted Bergmann, DuMont's general director, stated in 2002 that Gleason's much-heralded move to CBS made DuMont look bad. DuMont aired no programs against Gleason's new TV series. One DuMont show, the 60-minute public affairs program New York Times Youth Forum began airing Sundays at 5 p.m. EST on September 14, 1952\u2014outside of prime time\u2014and ran until June 14, 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 651]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070429-0005-0001", "contents": "1952\u201353 United States network television schedule\nA notable DuMont series which aired during the season was dramatic anthology series Dark of Night, which was broadcast live from a different real-life location each week instead of being shot on a soundstage (for example, one episode was broadcast from a soft drink bottling plant, while another was broadcast from a castle in New Jersey).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070429-0006-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 United States network television schedule\nEach of the 30 highest-rated shows is listed with its rank and rating as determined by Nielsen Media Research.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070429-0007-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 United States network television schedule, Tuesday\nNote: On December 16, 1952, Wisdom of the Ages replaced Quick on the Draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 58], "content_span": [59, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070429-0008-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 United States network television schedule, Friday\nNotes: The RCA Victor Show Starring Dennis Day was aired in the first half of 1952 and was hence not a new series in the 1952-1953 season. It moved to Monday at 9 p.m. on NBC in the 1953-1954 season under the new title The Dennis Day Show, starring singer Dennis Day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 57], "content_span": [58, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070429-0009-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 United States network television schedule, Friday\nOn Dumont, City Assignment, which ran from February to July 1953, consisted entirely of reruns of episodes of the CBS series Big Town.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 57], "content_span": [58, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070429-0010-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 United States network television schedule, By network, NBC\nNote: The * indicates that the program was introduced in midseason.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 66], "content_span": [67, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070430-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 United States network television schedule (daytime)\nThe 1952\u201353 daytime network television schedule for the four major English-language commercial broadcast networks in the United States covers most of the weekday daytime hours from September 1952 to August 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070430-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 United States network television schedule (daytime)\nTalk shows are highlighted in  yellow, local programming is white, reruns of prime-time programming are orange, game shows are pink, soap operas are chartreuse, news programs are gold and all others are light blue. New series are highlighted in bold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070431-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 WHL season\nThe 1952\u201353 WHL season was the first season of the Western Hockey League. The Edmonton Flyers were the President's Cup champions as they beat the Saskatoon Quakers four games to two in the final series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070431-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 WHL season, Playoffs\nThe Edmonton Flyers win the President's Cup 4 games to 2.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 28], "content_span": [29, 86]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070432-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 WIHL season\n1952\u201353 was the seventh season of the Western International Hockey League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070432-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 WIHL season, Semi finals\nSpokane Flyers beat Nelson Maple Leafs 3 wins to 2.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 32], "content_span": [33, 84]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070432-0002-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 WIHL season, Semi finals\nTrail Smoke Eaters beat Kimberley Dynamiters 3 wins to 2.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 32], "content_span": [33, 90]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070432-0003-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 WIHL season, Final\nSpokane Flyers beat Trail Smoke Eaters 3 wins to 1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 26], "content_span": [27, 78]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070432-0004-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 WIHL season, Final\nSpokane Flyers advanced to the 1952-53 British Columbia Senior Playoffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 26], "content_span": [27, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070433-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Washington Huskies men's basketball team\nThe 1952\u201353 Washington Huskies men's basketball team represented the University of Washington for the 1952\u201353 NCAA college basketball season. Led by third-year head coach Tippy Dye, the Huskies were members of the Pacific Coast Conference and played their home games on campus at Hec Edmundson Pavilion in Seattle, Washington.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070433-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Washington Huskies men's basketball team\nThe Huskies were 25\u20132 overall in the regular season and 15\u20131 in conference play; they won the PCC title series with a two-game sweep of Southern division winner California, and climbed to second in the AP poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070433-0002-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Washington Huskies men's basketball team\nIn the 22-team NCAA Tournament, Washington won twice in Corvallis, Oregon, over Seattle and Santa Clara, and advanced to the Final Four in Kansas City, Missouri. In the semifinal against defending champion Kansas, the Huskies lost by 26 points in front of a partisan crowd, then defeated LSU by nineteen points in the consolation game to take third place. Indiana won the title by a point.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070433-0003-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Washington Huskies men's basketball team\nThe Huskies were led on the floor by All-American center Bob Houbregs and guard Joe Cipriano, later the head coach at Idaho and Nebraska.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070433-0004-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Washington Huskies men's basketball team\nWashington's next NCAA Tournament appearance was 23 years later in 1976; their first National Invitation Tournament (NIT) appearance was in 1980.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070434-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Washington State Cougars men's basketball team\nThe 1952\u201353 Washington State Cougars men's basketball team represented Washington State College for the 1952\u201353 college basketball season. Led by 25th-year head coach Jack Friel, the Cougars were members of the Pacific Coast Conference and played their home games on campus at Bohler Gymnasium in Pullman, Washington.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070434-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Washington State Cougars men's basketball team\nThe Cougars were 7\u201327 overall in the regular season and 3\u201313 in conference play, last in the Northern division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070435-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Welsh Cup\nThe 1952\u201353 FAW Welsh Cup is the 66th season of the annual knockout tournament for competitive football teams in Wales.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070435-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Welsh Cup, Fifth round\nEight winners from the Fourth round and ten new clubs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 85]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070435-0002-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Welsh Cup, Sixth round\nThree winners from the Fifth round plus Pwllheli & District. Six clubs get a bye to the Seventh round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070436-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Western Football League\nThe 1952\u201353 season was the 51st in the history of the Western Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070436-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Western Football League\nThe champions for the first time in their history were Barnstaple Town, and the winners of Division Two were Chippenham Town Reserves, although they could not be promoted as the club's first team was already in Division One.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070436-0002-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Western Football League, Final tables, Division One\nDivision One was reduced from eighteen members to seventeen after Cheltenham Town Reserves left the league, with two clubs promoted to replace Bristol Rovers Colts and Poole Town who were relegated to Division Two.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 59], "content_span": [60, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070436-0003-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Western Football League, Final tables, Division One\nOnly one club was relegated from Division One this season in order to even up the numbers in each division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 59], "content_span": [60, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070436-0004-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Western Football League, Final tables, Division Two\nDivision Two was reduced from nineteen clubs to eighteen after Bideford Town and Bridgwater Town were promoted to Division One, and Chipping Sodbury and Swindon Town Colts left the league. Three new clubs joined:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 59], "content_span": [60, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070437-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Western Kentucky Hilltoppers basketball team\nThe 1952\u201353 Western Kentucky Hilltoppers men's basketball team represented Western Kentucky State College during the 1952-53 NCAA University Division Basketball season. The Hilltoppers were led by future Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame coach Edgar Diddle and All-American player Tom Marshall. The Hilltoppers won the Ohio Valley Conference tournament and were invited to the 1953 National Invitation Tournament. During this period, the NIT was considered on par with the NCAA Tournament. Art Spoelstra joined Marshall on the All-Conference  and OVC Tournament teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 629]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070438-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 William & Mary Indians men's basketball team\nThe 1952\u201353 William & Mary Indians men's basketball team represented the College of William & Mary in intercollegiate basketball during the 1952\u201353 NCAA men's basketball season. Under the first year of head coach Boydson Baird, the team finished the season 10\u201313 and 6\u201313 in the Southern Conference. This was the 48th season of the collegiate basketball program at William & Mary, whose nickname is now the Tribe. William & Mary played its home games at Blow Gymnasium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 522]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070438-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 William & Mary Indians men's basketball team\nThe Indians finished in 12th place in the conference and failed to qualify for the Southern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament, the first such occurrence since 1947.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070439-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Wisconsin Badgers men's basketball team\nThe 1952\u20131953 Wisconsin Badgers men's basketball team represented University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison. The head coach was Harold E. Foster, coaching his nineteenth season with the Badgers. The team played their home games at the UW Fieldhouse in Madison, Wisconsin and was a member of the Big Ten Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070440-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Yorkshire Cup\nThe 1952\u201353 Yorkshire Cup was the forty-fifth occasion on which the Yorkshire Cup competition had been held.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070440-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Yorkshire Cup\nHuddersfield won the trophy by beating Batley by the score of 18-8", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070440-0002-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Yorkshire Cup\nThe match was played at Headingley, Leeds, now in West Yorkshire. The attendance was 15,500 and receipts were \u00a32,471", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070440-0003-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Yorkshire Cup\nThis was Huddersfield's second appearance in the  Yorkshire Cup final in the  last three years, winning in 1950", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070440-0004-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Yorkshire Cup, Background\nThis season there were no junior/amateur clubs invited, no new entrants and no club \"dropped out\", and so the number of entrants remained at the same as last season's total number of sixteen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 33], "content_span": [34, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070440-0005-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Yorkshire Cup, Background\nThis in turn resulted in no byes in the first round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 33], "content_span": [34, 86]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070440-0006-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Yorkshire Cup, Background\nThe  competition again followed the  original formula of a knock-out tournament, with the  exception of the  first round which was still played on a two-legged home and away basis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 33], "content_span": [34, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070440-0007-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Yorkshire Cup, Competition and Results, Round 1 - First Leg\nAll first round ties are played on a two-legged home and away basis", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 67], "content_span": [68, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070440-0008-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Yorkshire Cup, Competition and Results, Round 1 - Second Leg\nAll first round ties are played on a two-legged home and away basis", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 68], "content_span": [69, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070440-0009-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Yorkshire Cup, Competition and Results, Round 2 - Quarter Finals\nAll second round ties are played on a knock-out basis", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 72], "content_span": [73, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070440-0010-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Yorkshire Cup, Competition and Results, Final, Teams and Scorers\nScoring - Try = three (3) points - Goal = two (2) points - Drop goal = two (2) points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 72], "content_span": [73, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070440-0011-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Yorkshire Cup, Competition and Results, The road to success\nAll the ties in the  first round were played on a two leg (home and away) basis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 67], "content_span": [68, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070440-0012-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Yorkshire Cup, Competition and Results, The road to success\nFor the  first round ties, the first club named in each of the ties played the first leg at home.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 67], "content_span": [68, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070440-0013-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Yorkshire Cup, Competition and Results, The road to success\nFor the  first round ties, the scores shown are the aggregate score over the two legs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 67], "content_span": [68, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070440-0014-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Yorkshire Cup, Notes and comments\n1 * The  attendance is variably given as 15,500 by the official Huddersfield 1953 Yearbook, 15,000 by RUGBYLEAGUEproject   but 14,705 by the  Rothmans Rugby League Yearbook of 1991-92 and 1990-91", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 41], "content_span": [42, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070440-0015-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Yorkshire Cup, Notes and comments\n2 * Headingley, Leeds, is the home ground of Leeds RLFC with a capacity of 21,000. The record attendance was  40,175 for a league match between Leeds and Bradford Northern on 21 May 1947.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 41], "content_span": [42, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070440-0016-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Yorkshire Cup, Notes and comments, General information for those unfamiliar\nThe Rugby League Yorkshire Cup competition was a knock-out competition between (mainly professional) rugby league clubs from  the  county of Yorkshire. The actual area was at times increased to encompass other teams from  outside the  county such as Newcastle, Mansfield, Coventry, and even London (in the form of Acton & Willesden.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 83], "content_span": [84, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070440-0017-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Yorkshire Cup, Notes and comments, General information for those unfamiliar\nThe Rugby League season always (until the onset of \"Summer Rugby\" in 1996) ran from around August-time through to around May-time and this competition always took place early in the season, in the Autumn, with the final taking place in (or just before) December (The only exception to this was when disruption of the fixture list was caused during, and immediately after, the two World Wars)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 83], "content_span": [84, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070441-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Yugoslav First League, Teams\nTwo clubs relegated at the end of the previous season were Rabotni\u010dki and Ma\u010dva. Teams promoted to the 1952\u201353 Yugoslav First League were Vele\u017e and Spartak.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 36], "content_span": [37, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070442-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 Yugoslav Ice Hockey League season\nThe 1952\u201353 Yugoslav Ice Hockey League season was the 11th season of the Yugoslav Ice Hockey League, the top level of ice hockey in Yugoslavia. 11 teams participated in the league, and Partizan have won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070443-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 in Belgian football\nThe 1952\u201353 season was the 50th season of competitive football in Belgium. RFC Li\u00e9geois won their 5th Division I title. This was the first season since the 1952 reform of the national competitions. A new level of football was introduced at the top of the league system. The divisions were also renamed, with the top level being named Division I (one league of 16 teams), the second level Division II (one league of 16 teams), the 3rd level Division III (2 leagues of 16 teams each) and the lowest level remaining the Promotion (4 leagues of 16 teams each). The Belgium national football team played 6 friendly games (3 wins, 3 losses) and then started their 1954 FIFA World Cup qualification campaign with 2 away wins in Finland and Sweden.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 768]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070443-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 in Belgian football, Overview\nAt the end of the season, RRC de Gand and Beringen FC were relegated to Division II and were replaced in Division I by 2 clubs from Lier: Division II winner K Lyra and runner-up K Lierse SK. The bottom 2 clubs in Division II (FC Renaisien and Stade Louvain) were relegated to Division III, while both Division III winners (K Tubantia FC and R Uccle Sport) qualified for Division II. The bottom club of each Division III league were relegated to Promotion: Helzold FC, K Mol Sport, RAA Louvi\u00e9roise and Union Halloise, to be replaced by K Sint-Niklaasse SK, RCS La Forestoise, SRU Verviers and K Willebroekse SV.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 648]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070443-0002-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 in Belgian football, Final league tables, Premier Division\nTop scorer: Henri Coppens (R Beerschot AC) with 35 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 66], "content_span": [67, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070444-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 in English football\nThe 1952\u201353 season was the 73rd season of competitive football in England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070444-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 in English football, Overview\nThis was the closest championship win in English league history at the time, with Arsenal claiming the title with a goal average superior to Preston's by just 0.099. Both Arsenal and Preston had identical records aside from their goal averages.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070444-0002-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 in English football, Overview\nHad goal difference been the deciding factor as it was from 1977 onwards, Arsenal would still have won with +33 to Preston's +25, unlike in 1989 when they would have finished second on goal average. Preston had last been champions in 1890, the second season of the Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070444-0003-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 in English football, Overview\nThe FA Cup was won by Blackpool, beating Bolton Wanderers 4\u20133 in what became known as the 'Matthews Final', due to the masterly contribution of 38-year-old winger Stanley Matthews, who helped his side win after going 3\u20131 down, although three of Blackpool's goals were scored by prolific forward Stan Mortensen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070444-0004-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 in English football, Honours\nNotes = Number in parentheses is the times that club has won that honour. * indicates new record for competition", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 36], "content_span": [37, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070444-0005-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 in English football, National team\nThe England national football team were joint winners in the 1953 British Home Championship with Scotland. In the May following the conclusion of the season the England team embarked on their first tour of the Americas, following the experience in Brazil of the 1950 FIFA World Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 42], "content_span": [43, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070445-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 in Israeli football\nThe 1952\u201353 season was the 5th season of competitive football in Israel and the 27th season under the Israeli Football Association, established in 1928, during the British Mandate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070445-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 in Israeli football, IFA Competitions\nThe first part of the season was marred by another dispute between Hapoel and Maccabi factions in the IFA, delaying the beginning of the league and cup competitions. The dispute was settled at the beginning of 1953, allowing the competitions to start at the second part of the season. Due to the delayed start, the competition were not complete until the summer break and were continued in the next season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 45], "content_span": [46, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070445-0002-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 in Israeli football, National Teams, National team\nNo official matches were played by the national team during the season. Two matches by the national were played against during November 1952 against a select XI from Athens, Greece, and the matches were billed as Tel Aviv vs. Athens. Tel Aviv won the first match 5\u20130 and lost the other 1\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 58], "content_span": [59, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070446-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 in Scottish football\nThe 1952\u201353 season was the 80th season of competitive football in Scotland and the 56th season of the Scottish Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070446-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 in Scottish football, Scottish League Division A\nRangers won the title with a 1\u20131 draw in their last match, away to Queen of the South. Rangers equalised with 17 minutes to go and thereby won the league on goal average from Hibernian, thus preventing Hibs from winning their third title in a row.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 56], "content_span": [57, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070446-0002-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 in Scottish football, Scotland national team\nScotland and England shared victory in the 1953 British Home Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 52], "content_span": [53, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070447-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201353 in Swedish football\nThe 1952\u201353 season in Swedish football, starting August 1952 and ending July 1953:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070448-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201354 FDGB-Pokal\nThe 1952\u201354 FDGB-Pokal was the third competition for the national cup title in association football in East Germany.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070448-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201354 FDGB-Pokal\nThe competition had started with 84 teams from the third-tier Bezirksliga and fourth-tier Bezirksklasse competitions of the 15 Bezirke. After two qualifying rounds the First Round was played with 64 teams on 7 June 1953. These 64 teams were the 21 remaining teams from the qualifying rounds, 26 teams from the second-tier DDR-Liga and 17 teams from the 1952\u201353 DDR-Oberliga. The matches for the second round were drawn, but not played due to the events around the uprising of 1953 in East Germany, even though officially the summer holidays were given as the reason for an indefinite postponement. In the spring of 1954, the Second Round teams were drawn again, and the competition resumed with the matches on 25 April 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 743]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070448-0002-0000", "contents": "1952\u201354 FDGB-Pokal\nBy the Third Round, 13 of the Oberliga teams had been eliminated, but two Bezirksliga sides were still in the competition: BSG Chemie Apolda and Aktivist Welzow. While they were eliminated in this round, three second-tier teams reached the quarterfinals: Empor Wurzen-West, BSG Chemie Zeitz and Vorw\u00e4rts Berlin. Vorw\u00e4rts, who just had secured promotion to the Oberliga, and Oberliga side Motor Zwickau eventually reached the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 450]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070448-0003-0000", "contents": "1952\u201354 FDGB-Pokal, First round\nOriginally 4-0, but as Wei\u00dfenfels had fielded an ineligible player the result was annulled. Thale filed a protest, because two of their players were away on national team duty. The match was replayed and ended in a 1-3 defeat for Thale again.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 31], "content_span": [32, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070448-0004-0000", "contents": "1952\u201354 FDGB-Pokal, Second round\nAll matches of the second round were postponed, officially due to the summer holidays. The actual reason were the events surrounding the uprising of 1953 in East Germany. The Second Round was redrawn and played in 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 32], "content_span": [33, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070449-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201355 Nordic Football Championship\nThe 1952\u201355 Nordic Football Championship was the sixth tournament staged. Four Nordic countries participated: Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. Sweden won the tournament, its fourth Nordic Championship win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070449-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201355 Nordic Football Championship, Table\n'Two points for a victory, one point for a draw, no points for a loss.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 43], "content_span": [44, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070450-0000-0000", "contents": "1952\u201395 Tamil Nadu by-elections\nBelow is a list of By-elections held in Tamil Nadu from 1952-1995.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070450-0001-0000", "contents": "1952\u201395 Tamil Nadu by-elections, Lok Sabha, 1993\nThe by-election took place due to the death of Shri Senapathy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 48], "content_span": [49, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070450-0002-0000", "contents": "1952\u201395 Tamil Nadu by-elections, Lok Sabha, 1985\nThe by-election took place due to the death of Shri K.T. Kosalram.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 48], "content_span": [49, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070450-0003-0000", "contents": "1952\u201395 Tamil Nadu by-elections, Lok Sabha, 1982\nThe by-election took place due to the death of Shri C.N. Natarajan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 48], "content_span": [49, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070450-0004-0000", "contents": "1952\u201395 Tamil Nadu by-elections, Lok Sabha, 1980\nThe by-election took place due to the death of Shri Karunanithi Thazhai.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 48], "content_span": [49, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070450-0005-0000", "contents": "1952\u201395 Tamil Nadu by-elections, Lok Sabha, 1973\nThe by-election took place due to the death of Shri M.Rajangam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 48], "content_span": [49, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070451-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\n1953 (MCMLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1953rd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 953rd  year of the 2nd\u00a0millennium, the 53rd  year of the 20th\u00a0century, and the  4th   year of the 1950s decade.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 4], "section_span": [4, 4], "content_span": [5, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070452-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 (album)\n1953 is an indie rock album by the Soul-Junk released in 1996. The album consists of guitar based low-fi rock, which one reviewer described as being in the ballpark of \"Beck meets Danielson.\" Alternative Press found their musical arrangements to be outstanding, \"tuneful, energetic and original\", but took fault with their lyrics, which many of which are derived from scripture.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070452-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 (album)\nThe final track of the album is actually another album itself, 1954, albeit uncut.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 95]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070453-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 10 Hours of Messina\nThe second 10 Hours of Messina was a sports car race, held on 26 July 1953 in the street circuit of Messina, Italy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070454-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 1000km of N\u00fcrburgring\nThe 1953 ADAC 1000 Kilometer-Rennen N\u00fcrburgring took place on 30 August, on the N\u00fcrburgring Nordschleife, (West Germany). It was also the fifth round of the F.I.A. World Sports Car Championship. This was the first time the event had taken place, although it would not run again until 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070454-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 1000km of N\u00fcrburgring, Report, Entry\nA grand total of 66 racing cars were registered for this event, of which 54 arrived for practice and qualifying. Scuderia Ferrari, under the name of Automobili Ferrari, arrived with three  375 MMs for the all-Italian pairings of Giuseppe Farina / Alberto Ascari and Umberto Maglioli / Piero Carini, with the third car for Luigi Villoresi and Mike Hawthorn. Scuderia Lancia entered two D24s, the first driven by Juan Manuel Fangio, who had switched from Alfa Romeo,  and Felice Bonetto, and the second driven by Robert Manzon and Piero Taruffi. . Lancia also entered an older D20 driven by Giovanni Bracco and Eugenio Castellotti. Also from Italy came three works Maserati A6GCSs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 41], "content_span": [42, 721]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070454-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 1000km of N\u00fcrburgring, Report, Qualifying\nThe Lancia D24 of  Juan Manuel Fangio took pole position, averaging a speed of 83.714\u00a0mph around the 14.167 mile circuit. However, following engine problems, the Ferrari 375 MM of Mike Hawthorn and Luigi Villoresi was withdrawn from the meeting and their engine used by the lead car of Alberto Ascari and Giuseppe Farina. The team's third entry was also withdrawn from the meeting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 46], "content_span": [47, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070454-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 1000km of N\u00fcrburgring, Report, Race\nA lead Lancias fell out of contention by lap 15, but then the factory efforts and the bigger privateers began to run into trouble. Although two of the three works Ferraris were withdrawn prior to the start of the race, Scuderia victory was never seriously threatened despite the first three cars were all being one same lap as the race winners, Ascari / Farina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070454-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 1000km of N\u00fcrburgring, Report, Race\nFor the second round running, the Scottish Ecurie Ecosse finished second overall. The pairing of Ian Stewart and Roy Salvadori were over 15 minutes behind the Ferrari, but still won their class by three laps. Almost 30 minutes behind the winner, Adolf Brudes and Franz Eugen Hammernick reached the finish in their Borgward Hansa 1500RS in third place overall. The other works Borgward of Karl Guenther Bechem / Theo Helfrich had taken the car up to third place before retiring with an engine failure. The last two classified finishers were two Gutbrod Superiors with a 700cc two-stroke engine. They were seven laps behind the Ferrari.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 675]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070454-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 1000km of N\u00fcrburgring, Report, Race\nThe winning partnership of Ascari/Farina won in a time of 8hr 20:44.0mins., averaging a speed of 74.694\u00a0mph. They covered a distance of 2,281.182 miles. The race did not end when the overall winner crossed the finishing line, but continued for another hour to allow the other classes to try and complete the full 1000\u00a0km.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070454-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 1000km of N\u00fcrburgring, Standings after the race\nChampionship points were awarded for the first six places in each race in the order of 8-6-4-3-2-1. Manufacturers were only awarded points for their highest finishing car with no points awarded for positions filled by additional cars. Only the best 4 results out of the 7 races could be retained by each manufacturer. Points earned but not counted towards the championship totals are listed within brackets in the above table.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 52], "content_span": [53, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070455-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 12 Hours of Sebring\nThe 3rd Grand Prix, 12 Hours of Sebring, was the inaugural round of the 1953 World Sportscar Championship and was held at the Sebring International Raceway, on 8 March 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070455-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Entry\nA total of 81 cars were entered for the event, across eight classes based on engine sizes, ranging from up to 750cc to over 8.0 litre. Of these 59 cars practised, 54 qualified to race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070455-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Entry\nAmongst the mostly American entrants, the greatest news for the 1953 race was that the famous English Aston Martin team would join the French factory DB\u2019s for the 12 Hour competition. In fact, David Brown and Ren\u00e9 Bonnet, heads of these European manufacturers, both went to Florida to watch the race. Bonnet also took part in the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070455-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Race\nThe race started at noon, and ran until midnight, on a day described as \"partly cloudy and mild\", in front of an estimated crowd of 12,500 spectators.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070455-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Race\nThe Aston Martins made a great start, leading the first 32 laps of the Florida road course before losing the lead as a result of an accident. The #57 Cunningham C-4R then took over lead and was never headed for the rest of the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070455-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Race\nThe car was driven by Phil Walters and John Fitch took the winner spoils for Briggs Cunningham\u2019s team. They were boosted to the lead when the front running Aston Martin of Geoff Duke and Peter Collins collided with a Jaguar, and was forced to retire with accident damage. Walters and Fitch drove their Florida license plated Cunningham C-4R to victory, covering a distance of 908.9 miles, averaging a speed of 75.338mph.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070455-0005-0001", "contents": "1953 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Race\nOne lap adrift in second place was the Aston Martin DB3 of the Reg Parnell and George Abecassis, despite reportedly being hampered by having one of its headlamps not working due to an earlier collision with a bollard filed with concrete marking the circuit on what was at the time largely an airfield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070455-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Race\nThere was one car fire, the Allard-Cadillac J2X of Paul Ramos was destroyed when a fuel line split, however the driver, Anthony Cumming escaped unharmed. Another competitor, Randy Pearsall, also escaped injury when he flipped his Jaguar XK120.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070455-0007-0000", "contents": "1953 12 Hours of Sebring, Standings after the race\nChampionship points were awarded for the first six places in each race in the order of 8-6-4-3-2-1. Manufacturers were only awarded points for their highest finishing car with no points awarded for positions filled by additional cars. Only the best 4 results out of the 7 races could be retained by each manufacturer. Points earned but not counted towards the championship totals are listed within brackets in the above table.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 50], "content_span": [51, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070456-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 24 Hours of Le Mans\nThe 1953 24 Hours of Le Mans was the 21st Grand Prix of Endurance, and took place on 13 and 14 June 1953, at the Circuit de la Sarthe, Le Mans (France). It was also the third round of the F.I.A. World Sports Car Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070456-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 24 Hours of Le Mans\nBritish drivers Tony Rolt and Duncan Hamilton won the race with one of three factory-entered Jaguar C-Types, the first cars ever to race at Le Mans with disc brakes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070456-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 24 Hours of Le Mans, Regulations\nWith the ongoing success of the World Championship of Drivers, this year saw the introduction by the FIA of a World Championship for Sports Cars, creating great interest from the major sports car manufacturers. It also drew together the great endurance races in Europe and North America. The Le Mans race was the third round in the championship after the 12 Hours of Sebring and the Mille Miglia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070456-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 24 Hours of Le Mans, Regulations\nAfter the efforts by drivers in the recent races to drive almost single-handedly (Chinetti in 1949, Rosier and Hall in 1950, Levegh and Cunningham in 1952) and the consequent safety danger through exhaustion, the ACO set limits of maximum driving spells of 80 consecutive laps and 18 hours in total for each driver.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070456-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 24 Hours of Le Mans, Regulations\nThis year also marked the first use of a radar-\u2018gun\u2019 to measure speeds across a flying kilometre on the Hunaudi\u00e8res Straight. The results, not surprisingly, aligned with engine size but, significantly, also the impact of aerodynamics on top speed:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070456-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nThe prestige of the race, as well as the advent of the new championship generated intense interest in Le Mans. Of the 69 entrants and reserves, nineteen different marques (and their subsidiaries) were present. There were an unprecedented 56 works-entered cars officially represented, with over half in the main S-8000, S-5000 and S-3000 classes. Mercedes-Benz did not return to defend their title \u2013 they were busy preparing new cars for both the F1 and Sports Car championships. So the overall victory was shaping up as a contest between Italy (Scuderia Ferrari, S.P.A. Alfa Romeo and Scuderia Lancia), England (Jaguar supported by Aston Martin, Allard and Nash-Healey/Austin-Healey and the United States (Cunningham), with the French (Talbot and Gordini) being the \u2018dark horses\u2019.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 814]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070456-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nDrivers included all three F1 World Champions to date (Alberto Ascari, Juan Manuel Fangio, Giuseppe Farina) and over 30 other current and up-and-coming Grand Prix racers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070456-0007-0000", "contents": "1953 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nThe Italian teams had built new cars for the season and all had strong driver line-ups. Ferrari entered two lightweight Ferrari 340 MM Berlinettas powered by the company's big 280\u00a0bhp 4.1 litre V12 engine built for a challenge at Mille Miglia, All had Pinin Farina-designed bodies. Ascari and Luigi Villoresi were to share another lightweight coup\u00e9 375 MM converted to 4.5-litres, while brothers Paolo and Gianni Marzotto (winner of the 2nd round of the championship: the Mille Miglia) and Giuseppe Farina and debutante Mike Hawthorn were down to drive the 340 MMs. A third 340 MM Spyder was entered by American Ferrari agent Luigi Chinetti for himself, with Anglo-American Tom Cole (who had finished 3rd with Allard in 1950) as his co-driver. Such was the quality of the entry list that six other Ferraris could not make the starting list.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 874]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070456-0008-0000", "contents": "1953 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nAlfa Romeo was back at Le Mans for the first time since the war and fielded the beautiful new 6C/3000CM (\u2018\u2019Cortemaggiore\u2019\u2019) powered by a 3.5L S6 engine (developing 270\u00a0bhp and 245\u00a0km/h) for Fangio and Onofre Marim\u00f3n and Consalvo Sanesi and Piero Carini. The third car was driven by Mercedes-Benz works-drivers Karl Kling and Fritz Riess who also had their team manager, Alfred Neubauer, in the pits with them. Lancia this year stepped up to the big class with three new D.20 Coup\u00e9s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 516]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070456-0008-0001", "contents": "1953 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nHaving just won the non-Championship Targa Florio with a 3.0L V6 engine, team manager Vittorio Jano instead decided to install supercharged 2.7L engines. This proved to be a mistake as the small increase in power (to 240\u00a0bhp) increased unreliability and gave away over 20\u00a0km/h top speed to the rival Jaguars and Ferraris. GP-racers Louis Chiron and Robert Manzon, Piero Taruffi and Umberto Maglioli were in the team, with Jos\u00e9 Froil\u00e1n Gonz\u00e1lez and endurance-race specialist Clemente Biondetti in the reserve car.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070456-0009-0000", "contents": "1953 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nJaguar returned with their C-Types and after the debacle of the previous year, were determined not to repeat those mistakes, having undertaken a lot of development work. Team manager \u2018Lofty\u2019 England employed the same driver pairings as 1952, with Peter Walker and Stirling Moss, Peter Whitehead and Ian Stewart, and Tony Rolt and Duncan Hamilton. The cars reverted to the aerodynamic design prior to that of the 1952 Le Mans cars, whose revised nose and tail had adversely affected stability at speeds over 120\u00a0mph.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070456-0009-0001", "contents": "1953 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nFor 1953 the cars were lighter and more powerful (now developing 218\u00a0bhp), and they were the first-ever Le Mans cars equipped with disc brakes, from Dunlop, whose greater efficiency gave the C-Types a distinct advantage over their drum-braked competitors. The disc brakes had been available in 1952, but given the problems with the radiators they had been swapped out so the team could concentrate on just one potential issue in the race. The works cars were supported by a standard production-body car entered by the new Belgian Ecurie Francorchamps team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 590]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070456-0010-0000", "contents": "1953 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nAston Martin entered their new DB3S cars for Reg Parnell and Peter Collins, George Abecassis and Roy Salvadori, and Eric Thompson and Dennis Poore. Using the same 3-litre engine as the DB3, it was put into a newly designed, shortened, chassis. However it was suffering from considerable lack of testing, being well down on speed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070456-0011-0000", "contents": "1953 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nDonald Healey this year had two collaborations: his last year with Nash Motors with a pair of long-tailed models, and a new partnership with the Austin Motor Company using its 2.7L engine, producing only 100\u00a0bhp but capable of 190\u00a0km/h. Bristol also arrived with two cars for Lance Macklin / Graham Whitehead and Jack Fairman / Tommy Wisdom, and managed by former Bentley Boy and Le Mans winner Sammy Davis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070456-0011-0001", "contents": "1953 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nThe rear-engined 450 coup\u00e9s were ugly and noisy but the 2 litre engine could get them to nearly 230\u00a0km/h. Briggs Cunningham also brought three cars, all with 310\u00a0bhp 5.5L Chrysler V8 engines: a new C-5R (nicknamed \u201cLe Requin\u201d (the shark) by the French) for Phil Walters and John Fitch who had won the inaugural championship race at Sebring; a C-4R for Cunningham himself and William \"Bill\" Spear and, a C-4RK coup\u00e9 for veteran Charley Moran (the first American to race at Le Mans, back in 1929) and Anglo-American John Gordon Bennett.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070456-0012-0000", "contents": "1953 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nThis year Talbot entered a full works-team, rather than just providing support to privateer entries. The trio of blue T26 GS cars were driven by Talbot regulars Guy Mairesse (with Georges Grignard), Louis Rosier and Elie Bayol, and Pierre Levegh and Charles Pozzi. Although still very fast, they were starting to show their age to the nimbler cars from Italy and Great Britain. Andr\u00e9 Chambas also returned with his supercharged modified SS spyder for a 5th and final time. Gordini had intended to debut the new 3.0L T24S, but scratched it because of atrocious handling. Instead an uprated T16 design, the T26S with a 2.5L engine was prepared for Maurice Trintignant and Harry Schell. An older T15S was entered for Behra and Mieres. Though it only had a 2.3L engine it was lighter, and just as quick as its bigger brother.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 855]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070456-0013-0000", "contents": "1953 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nWithout Mercedes-Benz, German representation fell to works teams from Borgward (here for the first and only time) and Porsche, both in the medium S-1500 class. Porsche stepped up from the S-1100 class with a new, purpose-designed race car, the 550 Coup\u00e9 and its flat-four 1488cc engine, making only 78\u00a0bhp but a top speed of nearly 200\u00a0km/h. There were also a pair of the smaller 356 SL in the S-1100 class.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070456-0014-0000", "contents": "1953 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nAs expected the French dominated the smaller-engined classes. The most eye-catching were the four from Panhard, bringing cars with their own badge this time under a new competition department, albeit under close collaboration with Monopole: with very aerodynamic designs from French aviation engineer Marcel Riffard using both of the Panhard engines. Other works entries came from Renault, DB and Monopole themselves.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070456-0015-0000", "contents": "1953 24 Hours of Le Mans, Practice\nIn Thursday practice the Jaguars showed their class with all three works cars going under the lap record, but drama also happened when the 3rd car, of Rolt and Hamilton, was disqualified. It had been on track at the same time as another Jaguar which had the same racing number (the spare car being used as a precaution to qualify Norman Dewis, the Jaguar test driver, as a reserve), and a protest raised by the Ferrari team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070456-0015-0001", "contents": "1953 24 Hours of Le Mans, Practice\nJaguar chairman, Sir William Lyon, agreed to pay the ACO fine, and \u2018Lofty\u2019 England successfully pleaded his case to the official that no intention to cheat had been meant and it was an honest mistake and so they were reinstated. But Hamilton's account of the affair has become one of the great motor racing legends: Devastated by their disqualification, he & Rolt had gone into the city for the night to drown their sorrows, and when England found them at 10am the next day (race-day) at Gruber's restaurant, they were nursing hangovers and drinking copious amounts of coffee! Unfortunately, such a colourful story is an urban myth: England later said: \"Of course I would never have let them race under the influence. I had enough trouble when they were sober!\" Tony Rolt also said the story was fiction.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 839]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070456-0016-0000", "contents": "1953 24 Hours of Le Mans, Practice\nThe Spanish Pegaso team withdrew both their entries after Juan Jover crashed his Z-102 Spyder during practice. Misjudging the speed of his approach to the corner after the Dunlop bridge, he hit the barriers at over 200\u00a0km/h and was thrown from the car, seriously injuring his left leg. With no apparent explanation for the crash, the team decided on safety first and scratched the other car. It was the first and last time they got to Le Mans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070456-0017-0000", "contents": "1953 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start\nAt 4:00pm on the Saturday, the flag fell and the race was on. As usual, Moss was lightning-quick out of the blocks and led the cars away, but the Allard blasted past him on the Mulsanne straight and was leading the closely bunched field at the end of the first lap. But Sydney Allard\u2019s early lead barely lasted, and by lap four he had to retire with a collapsed rear suspension that severed a brake pipe.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070456-0017-0001", "contents": "1953 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start\nThe first few laps at Le Mans means very little and it was not until after 30 minutes that the true nature of the race became apparent. Rolt had already put in a lap record at 96.48\u00a0mph, while Moss led the way, closely followed by Villoresi, Cole, Rolt, Fitch, with Karl Kling rounding out the top six. But Moss was also soon in trouble. Although he had smoothly pulled away from the chasing pack, a misfire had set in after only 20 laps, in the second hour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 496]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070456-0017-0002", "contents": "1953 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start\nThe unscheduled pitstop to change spark plugs, plus another later for the eventual fix\u00a0\u2013 removal of a clogged fuel filter \u2013 dropped the car well down to 21st. At least Jaguar had remembered the pit regulations: A Ferrari mechanic topped up the brake system on Mike Hawthorn\u2019s 340 MM before the specified 28 laps had been completed, thereby Hawthorn/Farina were disqualified. Whilst all this was going on, Villoresi had taken the lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070456-0018-0000", "contents": "1953 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start\nBy 5pm, at the end of the first hour, the order had settled down and it became clear that the Jaguars, Ferraris and Alfa Romeos were the teams to be reckoned with. The Lancias and Talbots were quite outclassed, as were the medium-engined Aston Martins. The race continued at a fantastic pace and now it was Jaguar setting it: passing Villoresi, Rolt lifted his lap times by 5 seconds to push his lead. Then Consalvo Sanesi, in his Alfa Romeo 6C, continued to lower the lap record. Just before 6:00pm, Fangio retired with engine troubles in his Alfa Romeo. At the three-hour mark, Rolt/Hamilton led from Ascari/Villoresi, followed by Cole and his co-driver Luigi Chinetti, Sanesi/Carini, and the Germans Kling and Riess. Already these five cars had pull out a two lap advantage over the rest of the field.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 842]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070456-0019-0000", "contents": "1953 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Night\nAs darkness fell, the Ferrari-Jaguar battle continued unabated, between Ascari/Villoresi and Rolt/Hamilton, with the Alfa Romeos close behind and the overall order swapping around according to pit-strategy. During the early hours of the morning, Rolt and Hamilton continued to lead with no sign of tiring, while the Ferrari was now losing ground \u2013 the big engine starting to stretch the rest of the powertrain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070456-0020-0000", "contents": "1953 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Night\nThe Gordinis were once again punching above their weight, mixing it in the top-10 with the third works Jaguar, the other Ferraris and the Cunninghams. The smaller-engined car was a high as 7th ahead of its stable-mate until its rear-axle seized, necessitating long repairs that proved terminal soon after midnight. In the other classes the Porsche 550s had the measure of all the smaller cars and, aside from those superfast Gordinis, were even running ahead of the S2.0 and S3.0 cars.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070456-0021-0000", "contents": "1953 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Night\nJust after midnight, Tommy Wisdom's Bristol had an engine fire (almost an identical problem had hit its sister-car earlier in the evening). Crashing, Wisdom was trapped for a short while before being rescued and taken to hospital with minor burns and a dislocated shoulder.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070456-0022-0000", "contents": "1953 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Night\nThen just before 3am, the rear suspension on the Sanesi/Carini Alfa Romeo had collapsed, and they were out, along with George Abecassis and Roy Salvadori with oil getting into their Aston Martin's clutch.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070456-0023-0000", "contents": "1953 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Night\nAlthough the Ascari and Villoresi car was still taking the fight to the Jaguars, the car was hindered by a sticking clutch and drinking a lot of water. However, the Italians, in a win-or-bust attempt, were driving flat out at all times, but it had no effect on Rolt and Hamilton. Their Jaguar now had a lap lead over the Ferrari.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070456-0024-0000", "contents": "1953 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Morning\nDespite the night being very clear and fine, dawn approached with a certain amount of mist in the air, making driving conditions very tiring. Just after 6.30am Tom Cole, running 7th, had just overtaken a back-marker when he lost control at the Maison Blanche corners. The Ferrari ploughed into the roadside ditch then rolled and struck a wooden hut nearby. Cole was hurled out of the car in the initial impact and died at the scene.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070456-0025-0000", "contents": "1953 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Morning\nThe windscreen on the leading Jaguar had been smashed early in the race by bird-strike, and as result Rolt and Hamilton were suffering from wind buffering, but the pair kept up the pace nevertheless, with an average speed of well over 105\u00a0mph. By the time the mist had cleared, Rolt and Hamilton still led by a lap from the struggling Ferrari. Third place, over three laps adrift, was the Cunningham of Fitch/Walters and a lap further back were the fast Jaguars of Moss/Walker (back in the race after a terrific hard drive back through the field) and Whitehead/Stewart.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070456-0026-0000", "contents": "1953 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Morning\nShortly after 8:30am, the leading Jaguar and Ferrari both made routine refuelling stops at the same time. Hamilton had what would now be termed an \u201cunsafe release\u201d when, in the rush to beat the Ferrari, he pulled out right in front of one of the DB-Panhards coming in for its own pitstop. Walters had a big moment when his Cunningham blew a tyre at high speed but he was able to catch it. But with the subsequent pitstop to fix the damage, Moss was able to move up to third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070456-0026-0001", "contents": "1953 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Morning\nBy 9:00am, the clutch issues with the lead Ferrari gave it a long stop, and it was now back in fifth place. This left Rolt and Hamilton clear up front, but they could not rest as Fitch and Walters started to fight back and hound the Moss/Walker Jaguar for second place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070456-0027-0000", "contents": "1953 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Morning\nThe lame Ferrari retired just before 11am having dropped down the order to sixth place. This left only the Marzotto car to challenge the Jaguars and the lead Cunningham. It could not do it and raced to finish in fifth, keeping the Gordini of Maurice Trintignant and Harry Schell behind them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070456-0028-0000", "contents": "1953 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Morning\nThe Lancias had never made an impression, none having made it into the top-10 and just after midday the engine of the last one running (of Gonz\u00e1lez and Biondetti) gave up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070456-0029-0000", "contents": "1953 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race\nWith three hours to ago, the Jaguars were still lapping at over 105\u00a0mph, however the pace had slackened a little. In the closing stages the order did not change, as Hamilton took over from Rolt to complete the last stage of the race. Driving their British license-plated Jaguar C-Type they took the victory, covering a distance of 2,555.04 miles (4,088.064\u00a0km), doing 304 laps and averaging a speed of 106.46\u00a0mph (170.336\u00a0km/h). Moss and Walker were four laps adrift at the finish, in second place with their C-Type after their epic drive. The podium was completed by Walters and Fitch, in their Cunningham C-5R a lap back. The third works Jaguar finished fourth, two laps further behind the Americans, after a very conservative and reliable race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 800]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070456-0030-0000", "contents": "1953 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race\nThe Marzotto brothers brought home the sole remaining Ferrari in fifth, finishing with virtually no clutch but having stayed in the top 10 throughout the race. A lap back was the Gordini, having had a trouble-free run. Owner-driver Briggs Cunningham came in 7th followed by the works Talbot of  Levegh, finishing this year, and the private Jaguar, entered by Ecurie Francorchamps for Roger Laurent and Charles de Tornaco, in their standard C-Type.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070456-0031-0000", "contents": "1953 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race\nIn a race of attrition where only 1 car, if any, of the many other works teams finished, it was an effort of remarkable reliability that all cars of the Jaguar, Cunningham and Panhard works teams  finished. The Panhard team staged a formation finish, winning the Index of Performance by the narrowest of margins.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070456-0032-0000", "contents": "1953 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race\nAs expected, the Porsches finished 1\u20132 in the S-1500 class with the win going to the car driven by racing journalists Paul Fr\u00e8re and Richard von Frankenberg", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070456-0033-0000", "contents": "1953 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race\nThe little DB-Panhards had an extraordinary run, that of owner-driver Ren\u00e9 Bonnet winning the S-750 class ahead of its sister car, and finishing 5 laps clear of the OSCA winning the bigger S-1100 class. They were on course for the coveted Index of Performance win, but a bad engine misfire meant it used too much fuel on its very last lap. The streamlined Panhard won the Index by the tiniest fraction on a countback.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070456-0034-0000", "contents": "1953 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race\nRecords were broken across the board \u2013 the first time a car completed the race with an average speed over 100\u00a0mph (in fact the first six finishers did) and covered over 2500 miles (4000 km). All the categories broke their class records, and a new lap record was set.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070456-0035-0000", "contents": "1953 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race\nWith such a varied and competitive field there could be no better advertisement for the new Sports Car Championship going forward. However, it would be without several teams: after dominating the early Formula 1 championship, and a semi-successful year in sports cars, Alfa Romeo withdrew from motor racing. Jowett was already in receivership and it would also be the last Le Mans for Allard, Lancia and Nash-Healey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070456-0036-0000", "contents": "1953 24 Hours of Le Mans, Official results\nResults taken from Quentin Spurring's book, officially licensed by the ACO", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 42], "content_span": [43, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070456-0037-0000", "contents": "1953 24 Hours of Le Mans, Statistics\nTaken from Quentin Spurring's book, officially licensed by the ACO", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 36], "content_span": [37, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070456-0038-0000", "contents": "1953 24 Hours of Le Mans, World Championship Standings after the race\nChampionship points were awarded for the first six places in each race in the order of 8-6-4-3-2-1. Manufacturers were only awarded points for their highest finishing car, with no points awarded for positions filled by additional cars.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 69], "content_span": [70, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070457-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 A Group\nStatistics of Bulgarian A Football Group in the 1953 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 73]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070457-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 A Group, Overview\nIt was contested by 16 teams, and Levski Sofia won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 22], "content_span": [23, 91]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070458-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 AAA Championship Car season\nThe 1953 AAA Championship Car season consisted of 12 races, beginning in Speedway, Indiana on May 30 and concluding in Phoenix, Arizona on November 11. There was also one non-championship event in Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania. The AAA National Champion was Sam Hanks, and the Indianapolis 500 winner was Bill Vukovich. Chet Miller died while practicing for the Indianapolis 500.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070458-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 AAA Championship Car season, Final points standings\nNote1: The points became the car, when not only one driver led the car, the relieved driver became small part of the points. Points for driver method: (the points for the finish place) / (number the lap when completed the car) * (number the lap when completed the driver)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 56], "content_span": [57, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070458-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 AAA Championship Car season, Final points standings\nNote2: Bob Scott was running at the finish of two races after taking over mid-event as a relief driver.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 56], "content_span": [57, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070459-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Abingdon by-election\nThe Abingdon by-election was held on 30 June 1953 after the previous MP, Ralph Glyn was elevated to the peerage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070461-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Achingmori incident\nIn 1953 a group of Daphla tribals of the Tagin people killed 47 members of an Indian government party including personnel of the Assam Rifles and tribal porters during an administrative tour in Achingmori in present day Arunachal Pradesh. Apart from tribal rivalries and unfollowed security protocols, the massacre was also attributed to a rumour that the government party was there to free slaves. A village priest had also confirmed this through an omen. The tribal leaders who were guilty were jailed for three to four years. This was considered as too short a period by the Galong tribals who were also victims in the massacre. They in turn killed one of the leaders behind the massacre.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 716]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070461-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Achingmori incident, Background\nThe area in which the incident happened, as well as nearby areas, were completely un-administered at the time. There were no roads or communication, and the tribals of the area were also unfamiliar with not only Indian administration, but any type of external administration. The Daflas were some of the most primitive of the tribes restricted to a certain area in the Daphla Hills, unaware of modern administration.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 36], "content_span": [37, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070461-0001-0001", "contents": "1953 Achingmori incident, Background\nIn 1953 Nehru stated in the parliament that \"The fact that that place is not an administered area does not mean that it is outside \u2014 I am not talking about law, but of practice \u2014 the territory of the Indian Union. As a matter of fact, we are administering area beyond it, the border area that is administered. We have outposts and checkposts beyond that. These are virgin forests in between and the question does not arise of their considering in a constitutional sense what their position is. I do not think they are acquainted with any Constitution.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 36], "content_span": [37, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070461-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Achingmori incident, Background\nAt the time, the Indian government was also following a policy of restraint when establishing administration throughout NEFA (now called Arunachal Pradesh). In 1951, India, represented by an Assistant Political Officer, Ralengnao Khathing, took control of Tawang with just one platoon (36 soldiers), of the Assam Rifles, a paramilitary force.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 36], "content_span": [37, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070461-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Achingmori incident, Incident\nOn 22 October 1953, Patrol Commander Major R.D. Singh, accompanied by 22 personnel of the Assam Rifles, one Area Superintendent, two Jamadars, two interpreters, 17 village headmen and 100 porters, arrived at Achingmori. The purpose of the group was to investigate tribal feuds, other than its humanitarian role.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070461-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Achingmori incident, Incident\nThe group set up camp at a clearing surrounded by thick forest as suggested by the locals. The location had temporary huts, and Major Singh considered this as a sign of friendliness, resulting in lax protective measures. Sometime later 10 Daflas asked for permission to enter the camp. The sentry did not disarm them and as soon as they entered the camp following permission from Major Singh, the sentry was killed. Following this, 400 to 500 Daflas, armed with primitive weapons, launched an attack. A total of 47 members of the group, including the Major, were killed while the remaining were taken captive.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 644]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070461-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Achingmori incident, Incident\nThe Assam Rifles column had apparently reached Achingmori in the afternoon, when everything seemed quite normal. The villagers gave a happy welcome to the jawans, who proceeded in due course to distribute salt to them as a gesture of goodwill. The atmosphere appeared so friendly that the jawans stacked their weapons some distance away from where they were distributing salt and were completely unarmed. All of a sudden, at a given signal, they were attacked with daos and cut down....", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070461-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 Achingmori incident, Aftermath\nMajor Singh was blamed for failing to take normal precautions. Two previous administrative parties had met with no such incident. The massacre also supposedly happened because of the tribal rivalries and history between the Daflas and Arbors. There were a number of Arbor porters in the group. The cause of the incident was also attributed to a rumour related to the government party and their goal of freeing slaves. During the incident one of the tribal porters, Tare Nosi, managed to escape despite a sword wound. He managed to travel 70 miles towards Along.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 35], "content_span": [36, 597]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070461-0007-0000", "contents": "1953 Achingmori incident, Aftermath\nInformation about the attack reached Gusar Outpost on 25 October. A small rescue party was sent however due to the destruction of a bridge by the Daflas, the rescue party could not reach the location. When the information reached Shillong, various outposts in Subansiri and the Abor Hills were reinforced with Assam Rifles platoons flown in by the Indian Air Force. The air force was also involved in extensive \"reconnoitre\". Assam Rifles sent some battalions to find those responsible for the massacre but were unsuccessful. Tagin tribes have very little permanent dwellings and can keep up evasion tactics over a long period.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 35], "content_span": [36, 663]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070461-0008-0000", "contents": "1953 Achingmori incident, Aftermath\nIt would have been easy enough for us to take punitive action... We could have bombed their villages and killed a large number of their people. No great skill was needed for that, but we are treating the incident normally as we would treat a dacoity or a riot, the only difference being that it took place in somewhat unusual surroundings. The policy of our Government is not to strike terror or kill and destroy indiscriminately.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 35], "content_span": [36, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070461-0008-0001", "contents": "1953 Achingmori incident, Aftermath\nWe shall certainly restore peace and order in this area, bring to book the real offenders and ring leaders, but we do not wish to punish the innocent and the misguided. We are confident that we can have the friendship and respect of these simple folks by adopting a firm, clear and sympathetic policy towards them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 35], "content_span": [36, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070461-0009-0000", "contents": "1953 Achingmori incident, Aftermath\nIn 1955, a former army officer and Indian Frontier Administrative Service officer P. N. Kaul was given the responsibility to arrest those responsible. The only people who were willing to point Kaul in the direction of the culprits were those who had lost people in the incident. The main culprits were Agi Radap of the Radap sub-clan of Tagins. Following information regarding his location, Kaul went to his village. Following a few days of talks with Radap as well as Duchak Kora and Komda Kotuk, Agi Radap came before Kaul alone and told him how the massace was planned.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 35], "content_span": [36, 608]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070461-0009-0001", "contents": "1953 Achingmori incident, Aftermath\nA rumour had spread among them that the government team was coming to free slaves in the area. On top of this, the village priest said that a omen had favoured murdering the government party. Soon after, Kaul managed to arrest and try the leaders of the massacre. Even though they were given life imprisonment, they were released in three or four years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 35], "content_span": [36, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070461-0010-0000", "contents": "1953 Achingmori incident, Aftermath\nThis short imprisonment did not go down well with the Galongs, the ones who had lost people in the massacre. A few months later Komda Kotuk was dragged through Yomcha village and tortured in the same way as the Achingmori victims had been tortured. The aggrieved tribals had been planning this since the day of the massacre and had been keeping a track on Komda for over a year. Kual knew that punishing the tribals under the Indian Penal Code would not be considered as justice in their eyes. Kual would go on to write,", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 35], "content_span": [36, 556]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070461-0011-0000", "contents": "1953 Achingmori incident, Aftermath\nThey were disrobed of their red coats and all the gun licences cancelled and guns confiscated. Having had their revenge, they took it all calmly. I did not have the heart to lodge a case of murder against them. By the time the case would have reached the High Court in the plains, which was a pre-requisite, the evidence would have weakened from all angles. Such are the differences in the mensrea or \"criminal intent\" and I feel that criminal intent should be interpreted according to the mental makeup of the society one lives in. What may be a criminal intent in one place in a fully administered area, in my opinion need not be so in a very remote tribal area.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 35], "content_span": [36, 700]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070461-0012-0000", "contents": "1953 Achingmori incident, Aftermath\nA large part of the restraint shown by India following this incident goes to Nari Rustomji, an advisor of the governor of Assam J D Daulatram. In place of an aggressive military reaction, Nari Rustomji got the guilty convicted after a procedurally sound trial. However, Ajai Shukla writes that the lack of Indian military in the area caused its own problems; \"placing local sensibilities above national security also created the mindset that led to the 1962 defeat.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 35], "content_span": [36, 502]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070462-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Adelaide Carnival\nThe 1953 Adelaide Carnival was the 12th edition of the Australian National Football Carnival, an Australian rules football interstate competition. It took place from 8 to 18 July at Adelaide Oval.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070462-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Adelaide Carnival\nHome state South Australia was joined by the two Victorian teams Victoria (VFL) & Victoria (VFA), Western Australia, Tasmania, theVictoria (VFL) were the best performed side, finishing the carnival unbeaten.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070462-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Adelaide Carnival\nA crowd of 52,632, then a record for an interstate game, attended the game between South Australian and Victoria which would decide the Championship. South Australia, even though they had accounted for Victoria as recently as 1952, were no match on this occasion for their Victorian opponents and lost by 99 points. The VFA team performed admirably, defeating Tasmania and getting within 18 points of Western Australia and 33 points of Victoria.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070462-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Adelaide Carnival\nTasmania finished the carnival winless and had to play-off against the Australian Amateurs team in order to re-qualify as an 'elite' team come the next carnival.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070462-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Adelaide Carnival\nThe youngest player at the carnival was 17-year-old Neil Conlan from Tasmania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070462-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Adelaide Carnival, All-Australian team\nThe inaugural All-Australian team was named in 1953, based on the performances at the Adelaide Carnival.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 43], "content_span": [44, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070463-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Akron Zips football team\nThe 1953 Akron Zips football team was an American football team that represented the University of Akron in the Ohio Athletic Conference (OAC) during the 1953 college football season. In its second and final season under head coach Kenneth Cochrane, the team compiled a 6\u20133 record (4\u20132 against OAC opponents) and was outscored by a total of 210 to 198. Frank Gradyan was the team captain. The team played its home games at the Rubber Bowl in Akron, Ohio.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070464-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Alabama Crimson Tide football team\nThe 1953 Alabama Crimson Tide football team (variously \"Alabama\", \"UA\" or \"Bama\") represented the University of Alabama in the 1953 college football season. It was the Crimson Tide's 59th overall and 20th season as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The team was led by head coach Harold Drew, in his seventh year, and played their home games at Denny Stadium in Tuscaloosa, Legion Field in Birmingham, Ladd Stadium in Mobile and at the Cramton Bowl in Montgomery, Alabama. They finished with a record of six wins, three losses and three ties (6\u20133\u20133 overall, 4\u20130\u20133 in the SEC), as SEC Champions and with a loss against Rice in the Cotton Bowl Classic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 703]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070464-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Alabama Crimson Tide football team\n1953 was one of the more unusual seasons in Alabama history. After they opened the season as the preseason No. 5 team, the Crimson Tide lost to Mississippi Southern and tied LSU before they had their first win of the season against Vanderbilt in week three. Alabama won only six games all year, and only four of seven conference games. However, the other three conference games were ties, and a 4\u20130\u20133 record was good enough to win Alabama the SEC title. It was Bama's first conference championship since 1945 and last until 1961. For their championship, Alabama accepted an invitation to play in the Cotton Bowl Classic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 660]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070464-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Alabama Crimson Tide football team\nIn their matchup against Rice one of the strangest plays in the history of college football occurred. In the second quarter, the Owls had the ball on its own five-yard line up 7\u20136 after they recovered an Alabama fumble. On their first play of the drive, Rice running back Dicky Moegle swept around the right side, broke free, and appeared to be on his way to a 95-yard touchdown run\u2014until Tommy Lewis of Alabama, who was on the sideline, ran into the field of play and tackled Moegle at the Alabama 40. Officials awarded Moegle a 95-yard touchdown run, and Rice won the game 28\u20136.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 620]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070464-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Mississippi Southern\nTo open the 1953 season, Alabama was upset by the Mississippi Southern Southerners 25\u201319 at the Cramton Bowl on a Friday night. The first touchdown of the game was set up after Jim David recovered a Laurin Pepper fumble at the Southern 43-yards line. Five plays later, Tommy Lewis scored on a short run for a 7\u20130 Alabama lead. The Eagles responded on their next possession with a three-yard Billy Jarrell touchdown pass to Bucky McElroy and made the score 7\u20136.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 77], "content_span": [78, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070464-0003-0001", "contents": "1953 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Mississippi Southern\nIn the second quarter each team traded touchdowns with Alabama scoring on a five-yard William Oliver, Southern on a 45-yard Jarrell pass to Pepper and Alabama again on a five-yard Bart Starr pass to Curtis Lynch for a 19\u201312 Crimson Tide lead at halftime. After a scoreless third, Southern scored a pair of fourth-quarter touchdowns, first on a 66-yard Pepper run and then on 23-yard Jarrell pass to Leonard Williams, and won the game 25\u201319. The loss brought Alabama's all-time record against Mississippi Southern to 6\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 77], "content_span": [78, 598]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070464-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, LSU\nTo open conference play for the 1953 season, Alabama played LSU to a 7\u20137 tie at Ladd Stadium in Mobile. Both of the touchdowns scored in the game were made in the first quarter. The first was scored by Alabama on a two-yard Tommy Lewis run and LSU responded on the drive that ensued with a one-yard George Brancato run for what turned out to be the final points of the game. The tie brought Alabama's all-time record against LSU to 14\u20136\u20134.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 60], "content_span": [61, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070464-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Vanderbilt\nIn their first road game of the season, the Crimson Tide defeated the Vanderbilt Commodores by a final score of 21\u201312 in Nashville for their first win of the season and their first over Vandy since the 1946 season. The Crimson Tide took a 14\u20130 first quarter lead with a pair of touchdowns scored in just under two minutes. Bobby Luna scored first on a four-yard run and then Bart Starr threw a 43-yard touchdown pass to Bud Willis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 67], "content_span": [68, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070464-0005-0001", "contents": "1953 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Vanderbilt\nVanderbilt then cut the lead to 14\u20136 at halftime after they scored on a five-yard Floyd Teas touchdown run late in the second quarter. In the second half, the Crimson Tide scored in the third on a 30-yard Starr pass to Joe Cummings and the Commodores scored in the fourth on a three-yard Daniel Byers run and made the final score 21\u201312. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Vanderbilt to 17\u201314\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 67], "content_span": [68, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070464-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Tulsa\nIn the first all-time meeting between the schools, Alabama defeated the Tulsa Golden Hurricane 41\u201313 in the first Denny Stadium game of the season. After a scoreless first quarter, Alabama touchdowns on an 11-yard William Oliver run, a 63-yard Thomas Tharp run and a 56-yard Bobby Luna interception return for a 20\u20130 Crimson Tide lead at halftime. Alabama extended their lead further to 34\u20130 after third-quarter touchdowns on a 31-yard Bart Starr pass to Bud Willis and on a two-yard William Stone run.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 62], "content_span": [63, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070464-0006-0001", "contents": "1953 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Tulsa\nTulsa scored both of their touchdowns in the fourth quarter, first on an eight-yard Bob Bohn pass to Bob Holladay and on an 11-yard Bill Waller run. The Crimson Tide then made the final score 41\u201313 when Hootie Ingram scored on a one-yard run with just under a minute left in the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 62], "content_span": [63, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070464-0007-0000", "contents": "1953 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Tennessee\nIn their annual rivalry game against the Tennessee Volunteers, Alabama had a chance to defeat the Vols for the first time since 1947, but settled for a scoreless tie after a fumble at the Tennessee five and missed a 43-yard field goal. The tie brought Alabama's all-time record against Tennessee to 17\u201313\u20135.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 66], "content_span": [67, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070464-0008-0000", "contents": "1953 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Mississippi State\nOn homecoming in Tuscaloosa, the Crimson Tide battled the Mississippi State Maroons to a 7\u20137 tie at Denny Stadium after a 26-yard Bobby Luna field goal was blocked as time expired. After a three-yard Jackie Parker run gave the Maroons a 7\u20130 lead in the second, Alabama tied the game on a two-yard Thomas Tharp run in the third quarter. The tie brought Alabama's all-time record against Mississippi State to 28\u20137\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 74], "content_span": [75, 489]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070464-0009-0000", "contents": "1953 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Georgia\nAt Sanford Stadium, Alabama defeated the Georgia Bulldogs 33\u201312 to end a two-game winless streak on homecoming in Athens. The first Crimson Tide touchdown was set up after Thomas Tharp returned a punt 86-yards to the Bulldogs' two-yard line. On the next play, Bart Starr threw a two-yard touchdown pass to Joe Cummings for a 7\u20130 lead. In the second quarter, Georgia scored all of their points on two-yard Robert Clemens touchdown run and a 28-yard James Harper touchdown pass to James Williams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 64], "content_span": [65, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070464-0009-0001", "contents": "1953 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Georgia\nHowever, the Crimson Tide scored their second touchdown on a 31-yard Starr pass to Bobby Luna for a 13\u201312 halftime lead. Alabama then scored three second half touchdowns on a 38-yard Vincent Delaurentis interception return, a 63-yard Tharp run and on a five-yard Starr pass to William Oliver for the 33\u201312 victory. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Georgia to 21\u201315\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 64], "content_span": [65, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070464-0010-0000", "contents": "1953 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Chattanooga\nIn the final Denny Stadium game of the season, Alabama defeated the Chattanooga Moccasins 21\u201314. The Crimson Tide took a 7\u20130 first quarter lead when Bobby Luna scored on a five-yard touchdown run. The teams then traded second-quarter touchdowns for a 14\u201314 halftime tie. The Moccasins scored first on a 36-yard Dick Durham pass to Bill Wilkerson, then Alabama on a 54-yard Albert Elmore run and finally on a two-yard Billy Carter run. Bart Starr then threw the game-winning touchdown pass to Thomas Tharp in the third quarter for the 21\u201314 victory. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Chattanooga to 7\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 68], "content_span": [69, 692]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070464-0011-0000", "contents": "1953 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Georgia Tech\nAgainst Georgia Tech, Alabama upset the No. 5 ranked Yellow Jackets 13\u20136 at Legion Field in Birmingham. The Crimson Tide scored first and took a 7\u20130 lead on a William Oliver run in the first quarter. After a scoreless second quarter, the Jackets scored their only touchdown on a two-yard Glenn Turner run in the third to cut the Alabama lead to 7\u20136. Albert Elmore then scored the game-winning touchdown early in the fourth quarter on his short run. The loss for the first for Georgia Tech in conference play since their 54\u201319 loss to the Crimson Tide in 1950, and the victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Georgia Tech to 18\u201314\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 69], "content_span": [70, 713]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070464-0012-0000", "contents": "1953 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Maryland\nOn the road against the No. 2 ranked Maryland Terrapins, Alabama was shutout 21\u20130 at Byrd Stadium. On the second play of the game, the Terps took a 7\u20130 lean on an 81-yard Chet Hanulak touchdown run. Later in the first, Bernie Faloney threw a 51-yard touchdown pass to Bill Walker for a 14\u20130 lead at the end of the quarter. After Faloney was pulled from the game in the second quarter due to an injury, Charles Boxold threw a 25-yard touchdown pass to Walker to make the final score 21\u20130. The loss brought Alabama's all-time record against Maryland to 1-1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 65], "content_span": [66, 621]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070464-0013-0000", "contents": "1953 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Auburn\nFor the fifth time in six years since the revival of the Auburn series, Alabama defeated the Tigers 10\u20137 at Legion Field and clinched both the SEC Championship and a berth in the Cotton Bowl Classic. Auburn scored their only touchdown on a two-yard run in the first quarter by Charles Hataway to cap a drive that saw long runs made by both Vince Dooley and Fob James. William Stone then tied the game 7\u20137 for Alabama in the third quarter with his 15-yard touchdown run. A fourth quarter field goal from 28-yards by Bobby Luna provided for the final 10\u20137 margin of victory for the Crimson Tide. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Auburn to 9\u20138\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 63], "content_span": [64, 729]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070464-0014-0000", "contents": "1953 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Rice\nIn their first all-time game against Rice, the Crimson Tide were defeated 28\u20136 by the Owls in the Cotton Bowl Classic. Alabama took a 6\u20130 lead after its only touchdown was scored by Tommy Lewis on a two-yard touchdown run in the first quarter. Rice responded with a series of three, of long touchdown runs by Dicky Moegle to take a 21\u20136 lead into the fourth quarter. His first touchdown came on a 79-yard run on the first play of the second quarter, the second on a 95-yard run and the third on a 37-yard run. The 95-yard touchdown was awarded by the referee after Tommy Lewis left the Alabama sideline, entered the field of play and tackled Moegle at the Alabama 42-yard line. Rice then scored their final touchdown in the fourth quarter on a seven-yard Buddy Grantham run for the 28\u20136 victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 61], "content_span": [62, 857]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070465-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Albanian Cup\n1953 Albanian Cup (Albanian: Kupa e Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb) was the seventh season of Albania's annual cup competition. It began in Spring 1953 with the First Round and ended in May 1953 with the Final match. Dinamo Tirana were the defending champions, having won their third Albanian Cup last season. The cup was won by Dinamo Tirana.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070465-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Albanian Cup\nThe rounds were played in a one-legged format similar to those of European competitions. If the number of goals was equal, the match was decided by extra time and a penalty shootout, if necessary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070465-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Albanian Cup, Quarter finals\nIn this round entered the 8 winners from the previous round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 33], "content_span": [34, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070465-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Albanian Cup, Semifinals\nIn this round entered the four winners from the previous round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 93]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070466-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Albanian National Championship\nThe 1953 Albanian National Championship was the sixteenth season of the Albanian National Championship, the top professional league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 1930.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070466-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Albanian National Championship, Overview\nIt was contested by 10 teams, and Dinamo Tirana won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070467-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Alcoa Aluminum advertisement\nIn 1953 Alcoa Aluminum produced an advertisement promoting their HyTop twist-off bottle cap. The advertisement, often erroneously attributed to Del Monte Foods, featured a picture of a woman with the tagline \"you mean a woman can open it?\" The advertisement has been subject to criticism in later reviews and is viewed as a symbol of casual sexism that was prevalent in the United States during the 1950s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070467-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Alcoa Aluminum advertisement, Description\nThe advertisement features a woman wearing red lipstick and looking at the reader while holding a Del Monte ketchup bottle with the appearance of being about to open it. The tagline directly below it is, \"You mean a woman can open it?\" with the word woman underlined. The first sentence of the article it accompanied stated, \"Easily\u2014without a knife blade, a bottle opener, or even a husband!\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 46], "content_span": [47, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070467-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Alcoa Aluminum advertisement, Critical review\nThe advertisement has been described as an example of targeted advertising towards women, is viewed as a symbol of social stereotypes during the 1950s, and is frequently cited as emblematic of the Mad Men era. Scholarly interpretation states that it implies that a woman is dependent upon her husband to do things for her. In one such commentary, the New York Daily News stated that the woman in the advertisement is \"clearly stunned and possibly delighted\" at being able to open the bottle easily. In addition, the advertisement has been used as a symbol of retro advertising, with a book bearing the same title as the tagline being published in 2000 by Adams Media detailing retro advertisements. The Independent claimed that it enforced the stereotype of a woman as an unintelligent housewife.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 50], "content_span": [51, 847]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070468-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Alexander Cup\nThe 1953 Alexander Cup was the Canadian national major ('open' to both amateur and professional leagues) senior ice hockey championship for the 1952\u201353 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070468-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Alexander Cup\nThe Maritime Major Hockey League (MMHL) was the only major league eligible, as the Quebec Senior Hockey League had been suspended, so the Halifax Atlantics, who won the MMHL title, were awarded the Alexander Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070469-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 All England Badminton Championships\nThe 1953 All England Championships was a badminton tournament held at the Empress Hall, Earls Court, London, England, from 19\u201322 March 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070470-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 All-American Girls Professional Baseball League season\nThe 1953 All-American Girls Professional Baseball League season marked the eleventh season of the circuit. The teams Fort Wayne Daisies, Grand Rapids Chicks, Kalamazoo Lassies, Muskegon Belles, Rockford Peaches and South Bend Blue Sox competed through a 110-game schedule, while the Shaugnessy playoffs featured the top four teams. This time, the postseason was reduced to a best-of-three series for both rounds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070470-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 All-American Girls Professional Baseball League season\nThe AAGPBL had six teams in 1953, the only change in its lineup being that the Battle Creek Belles had transferred and become the Muskegon Belles. The league was still using a 10 inches ball, but some changes were made to the game to make it more competitive and exciting. The base paths were lengthened from 72 feet to 75 feet and another foot was added to pitching distance, making it 56 feet. Nevertheless,  the new changes had little impact on the game, as the high batting averages and low ERA's remained almost intact compared to the previous year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 614]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070470-0001-0001", "contents": "1953 All-American Girls Professional Baseball League season\nJoanne Weaver of Fort Wayne won her second batting title in a row with a .346 average, while Jean Faut of South Bend topped the pitching list with a 1.51 ERA. No pitcher won 20 games for the first time in league history. Faut and Grand Rapids' Eleanor Moore tied for first with 17 wins, while Fort Wayne's Betty Foss amassed 144 hits, that would eventually become a single-season record. Faut, who also led the league in strikeouts (143) and hurled her second career perfect game, was honored with the Player of the Year Award, her second in three years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 614]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070470-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 All-American Girls Professional Baseball League season\nIn the first round of the postseason, first place Fort Wayne faced third place Kalamazoo and second place Grand Rapids drew fourth place Rockford. After a 12-inning, 3\u20131 victory of Fort Wayne in the series opener, Kalamazoo pitchers Dorothy Naum and Kay Blumetta silenced the powerful Daisies batters in the next two games by scores of 2\u20131 and 5\u20133, respectively. In Game 2, Naum helped herself by batting a home run and Jean Lovell singled in the winning run in the top of the 10th inning. Lovell also drove in two runs in Game 3 to help the Lassies advance to the final round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 637]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070470-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 All-American Girls Professional Baseball League season\nIn the other series, Rockford connected 14 hits in Game 1 and pounded the Chicks, 9\u20132, while Rose Gacioch scattered eight hits and struck out four batters in a complete game victory. But Earlene Risinger pitched a six-hit, 2\u20130 shutout in the next game to tie the series. In Game 3, Dorothy Mueller held Rockford to eight hits in a 4\u20133 win to send Grand Rapids into the finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070470-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 All-American Girls Professional Baseball League season\nThe Chicks swept the Lassies in the final series. In Game 1, Mary Lou Studnicka gave up seven hits and fanned seven in an eight-inning win, 5\u20132, while Eleanor Moore was credited with the save. Joyce Ricketts led the attack with two runs batted in. Risinger continued her winning ways in Game 2, giving up three runs on seven hits while striking out nine en route to a 4\u20133 victory. Once again, Ricketts drove in two runs and Risinger even contributed to her own cause with two RBI, to whip Kalamazoo for the championship in a cold-weather, shortened seven-inning game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 627]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070471-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 All-Atlantic Coast Conference football team\nThe 1953 All-Atlantic Coast Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by the Associated Press (AP) for the All-Atlantic Coast Conference (\"ACC\") team for the 1953 NCAA University Division football season. The 1953 Maryland Terrapins football team, which was ranked #1 in the final AP and UPI polls, placed four players on the All-ACC team. The Duke Blue Devils football team also placed four players on the All-ACC team, while South Carolina placed three players on the first team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 558]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070472-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 All-Big Seven Conference football team\nThe 1953 All-Big Seven Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Big Seven Conference teams for the 1953 college football season. The selectors for the 1953 season included the Associated Press (AP) and the United Press (UP). Players selected as first-team honorees by both the AP and UP are displayed in bold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070473-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 All-Big Ten Conference football team\nThe 1953 All-Big Ten Conference football team consists of American football players selected to the All-Big Ten Conference teams selected by the Associated Press (AP), United Press (UP) and the International News Service (INS) for the 1953 Big Ten Conference football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070474-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship\nThe 1953 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship was the 22nd staging of the All-Ireland Minor Football Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county Gaelic football tournament for boys under the age of 18.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070474-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship\nGalway entered the championship as defending champions, however, they were defeated in the Connacht Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070474-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship\nOn 27 September 1953, Mayo won the championship following a 2-11 to 1-6 defeat of Clare in the All-Ireland final. This was their second All-Ireland title overall and their first in fifteen championship seasons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070475-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship\nThe 1953 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship was the 23rd staging of the All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1928.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070475-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship\nOn 6 September 1953 Tipperary won the championship following an 8-6 to 3-6 defeat of Dublin in the All-Ireland final. This was their second All-Ireland title in-a-row and their eighth overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070476-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship\nThe 1953 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship was the high point of the 1953 season in Camogie. The championship was won by Dublin who defeated Tipperary by a 22-point margin in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070476-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, Structure\nLondon could not travel to the All Ireland semi-final against Tipperary in Roscrea. No Connacht county entered the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 55], "content_span": [56, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070476-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, Final\nKathleen Mills had one of her best games, the Nenagh Guardian reported. Her long left handed drives brought about many of Dublin's goals. Dublin hit Tipperary with two goals in the first three minutes, led 5-2 to 0-3 at half time, and scored three more goals early in the second half. Kathleen Griffin\u2019s goal for Tipperary midway through the second half drew a loud cheer from what was described as a \u201cfair sized attendance.\u201d", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070477-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship Final\nThe 1953 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship Final was the 22nd All-Ireland Final and the deciding match of the 1953 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, an inter-county camogie tournament for the top teams in Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070477-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship Final\nA fifteen-year-old \u00dana O'Connor scored three goals as Dublin won easily.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070478-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship\nThe 1953 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship was the 67th staging of Ireland's premier Gaelic football knock-out competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070479-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final\nThe 1953 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final was the 66th All-Ireland Final and the deciding match of the 1953 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, an inter-county Gaelic football tournament for the top teams in Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070479-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final, Match, Summary\nMal McEvoy scored an early goal for Armagh, who led by two points after 40 minutes, before Kerry began to pile on the points. Armagh's Bill McCorry missed a penalty and Kerry won by four points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 67], "content_span": [68, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070479-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final, Match, Summary\nIt was the first of three All-Ireland football titles won by Kerry in the 1950s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 67], "content_span": [68, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070479-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final, Match, Summary\nThis was also the first Championship meeting of Armagh and Kerry.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 67], "content_span": [68, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070479-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final, Match, Summary\nWith just over 90,000 spectators in attendance, some of whom had broken through a gate to gain access, it was the biggest crowd ever witnessed at Croke Park at the time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 67], "content_span": [68, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070479-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final, Match, Summary\nThe record attendance was beaten in the 1961 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final when Down beat Offaly before 90,556 fans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 67], "content_span": [68, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070480-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1953 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship was the 67th staging of the All-Ireland hurling championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1887. The championship began on 3 May 1953 and ended on 7 September 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070480-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship\nCork were the defending champions, and retained their All-Ireland crown following a 3-3 to 0-8 defeat of Galway  in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070481-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final\nThe 1953 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final was the 66th All-Ireland Final and the culmination of the 1953 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, an inter-county hurling tournament for the top teams in Ireland. The match was held at Croke Park, Dublin, on 6 September 1953, between Cork and Galway. The Connacht men narrowly lost to their Munster opponents on a score line of 3-3 to 0-8.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070481-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final, Match details\nDue to the clash of colours, both counties lined out in their provincial jerseys, Cork wearing Munster's blue while Galway wore the white of Connacht.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 65], "content_span": [66, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070481-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final, Match details\nD. Creedon, J. Riordan, J. Lyons, A. O'Shaughnessy, M. Fouhy, D. Hayes,  V. Twomey, J. Twomey, G. Murphy, W. J. Daly, J. Hartnett, C. Ring, T. O'Sullivan, L. Dowling, P. Barry", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 65], "content_span": [66, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070482-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 All-Pacific Coast football team\nThe 1953 All-Pacific Coast football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Pacific Coast teams for the 1953 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070482-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 All-Pacific Coast football team, Key\nAP = Associated Press, selected by the AP with the cooperation of the conference coaches", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 41], "content_span": [42, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070482-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 All-Pacific Coast football team, Key\nTW = Tide Water Associated Oil Co., selected by Tide Water Associated sportscasters, commentators and producers", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 41], "content_span": [42, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070483-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 All-Pro Team\nThe 1953 All-Pro Team consisted of American football players chosen by various selectors for the All-Pro team of the National Football League (NFL) for the 1953 NFL season. Teams were selected by, among others, the Associated Press (AP) (based on voting among 48 member paper sports writers and AP staffers), the United Press (UP), and the New York Daily News.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070484-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 All-SEC football team\nThe 1953 All-SEC football team consists of American football players selected to the All-Southeastern Conference (SEC) chosen by various selectors for the 1953 college football season. Alabama won the conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070484-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 All-SEC football team, Key\nBold = Consensus first-team selection by both AP and UP", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 31], "content_span": [32, 87]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070485-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 All-Southwest Conference football team\nThe 1953 All-Southwest Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Southwest Conference teams for the 1953 college football season. The selectors for the 1953 season included the Associated Press (AP) and the United Press (UP). Players selected as first-team players by both the AP and UP are designated in bold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070485-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 All-Southwest Conference football team, Key\nBold = Consensus first-team selection of both the AP and UP", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 48], "content_span": [49, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070486-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Allan Cup\nThe 1953 Allan Cup was the senior ice hockey championship of the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association (CAHA) for the 1952\u201353 season. The event was hosted by the Kitchener-Waterloo Flying Dutchmen and Kitchener, Ontario. The 1953 playoff marked the 45th time that the Allan Cup has been awarded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070486-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Allan Cup\nCAHA vice-president Jimmy Dunn was chairman of the senior playoffs in 1953, and was faced with multiple branches of the CAHA not participating. He wanted to include as many teams as possible since the CAHA and all of its branches were primarily funded by gate receipts from the playoffs and could not afford the loss of income. The CAHA had suspended the Quebec Amateur Hockey Association for the season due to registration violations, and the Alberta Amateur Hockey Association chose to withdraw from senior hockey. Dunn went to extraordinary efforts to retain the Saskatchewan Amateur Hockey Association teams, which included rescheduling multiple series due to delays in the Saskatchewan playoffs and demands to play against the Manitoba Amateur Hockey Association champion rather than the British Columbia Amateur Hockey Association champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 861]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070487-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Amateur World Series\nThe 1953 Amateur World Series was the 14th Amateur World Series and ended a run when one was held every year or every other year; it would be eight years until the Series was reinstituted. The 1953 Series was held in Caracas, Venezuela from September 12 through October 9, 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070488-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 American All Stars tour of Australia and New Zealand\nThe 1953 American All Stars rugby league tour of Australia and New Zealand was a tour by a group of twenty men who had not previously played the sport of Rugby League. Most of the team were current or former College Gridiron footballers with Stanford University, the University of California, Los Angeles, or the University of Southern California. Some of the party had played rugby union at their colleges, during gridiron off-seasons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070488-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 American All Stars tour of Australia and New Zealand, Summary\nThe tour was instigated by player-manager Mike Dimitro, who claimed to have witnessed a game of rugby league in Sydney whilst serving in the Pacific during World War II. Dimitro had played for UCLA and was a high school teacher in Los Angeles in the lead up to the tour. Dimitro wrote to the Australian Rugby League Board of Control in February 1952. Several of the League\u2019s administrators were fervent promoters of their sport, and some were keen to take the game to the United States, so Dimitro\u2019s suggestion was favourably received. Another factor was the success of France\u2019s inaugural tour in 1951. Harold Matthews responded on behalf of the board in April 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 66], "content_span": [67, 733]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070488-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 American All Stars tour of Australia and New Zealand, Summary\nApprised of the proposed tour, the New Zealand Rugby League were also interested, and their Secretary, J.E. Knowling, was able to meet with Mike Dimitro in Los Angeles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 66], "content_span": [67, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070488-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 American All Stars tour of Australia and New Zealand, Summary\nAlthough arrangements in California did not run smoothly, with reassurances sought by the host nation boards, eighteen players arrived in Sydney on May 18, 1953. A further two players arrived on June 1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 66], "content_span": [67, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070488-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 American All Stars tour of Australia and New Zealand, Summary\nThe appointed coach, Norm \u201cLatchem\u201d Robinson, had less than a fortnight to educate the players. A touch-football game against South Sydney and a tackle match against a team of Army Engineers were used in preparations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 66], "content_span": [67, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070488-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 American All Stars tour of Australia and New Zealand, Summary\nRemarkably, the American All Stars won their first match on the scheduled tour, beating a combined Monaro and Southern Districts side. The next two scheduled fixtures were against Sydney and New South Wales, and the Americans were understandably outclassed. The wisdom of setting novices against experienced semi-professionals so early in the tour was questioned at the time. The matches did, however, attract large crowds 65,453 on a Saturday against Sydney, and 32,554 on a Tuesday against New South Wales. There was consensus in the press that the host teams did take it easy on the visitors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 66], "content_span": [67, 662]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070488-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 American All Stars tour of Australia and New Zealand, Summary\nThe tour progressed with matches in regional and country New South Wales, and then into Queensland. The Australian board had recommended that 28 players would be necessary given the two matches per week schedule, and injuries had an impact on the twenty-man squad. This led to the informal use of \u201cring-ins\u201d in matches at Ipswich and Wagga, and formally in a return match against New South Wales on July 25, and throughout the New Zealand leg.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 66], "content_span": [67, 510]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070488-0007-0000", "contents": "1953 American All Stars tour of Australia and New Zealand, Summary\nThrough the tour the American players were commended for their excellent ball handling and robust tackling. The running ability of many, particularly the backs was praised. Referees showed leniency to a lack of understanding of offside rules in early matches. A slowness in comprehending and implementing cover defence was a common concern in reports on later matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 66], "content_span": [67, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070488-0008-0000", "contents": "1953 American All Stars tour of Australia and New Zealand, Summary\nA curiosity to local spectators and the press at the time was the All Stars' practice of warming up on the field with calisthenics, or \u201cphysical jerks\u201d. Although this innovation did not immediately catch on, National Rugby League teams have utilised on field warm-ups since the 1990s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 66], "content_span": [67, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070488-0009-0000", "contents": "1953 American All Stars tour of Australia and New Zealand, Summary\nA highlight for spectators was the American\u2019s use of the pitch-pass, with exhibitions given prior to most matches. In play, league rules against forward passing meant the pitch was restricted to lateral or backwards movement. Although a few pitch passes did lead to an All Stars try, usually the arc allowed defenders time to immediately tackle the receiver, or intercept.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 66], "content_span": [67, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070488-0010-0000", "contents": "1953 American All Stars tour of Australia and New Zealand, Summary\nA sad development of the tour was that Jack Bonetti contracted Polio. This was diagnosed after he entered hospital in Townsville, having exhibited pain after the match in Cairns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 66], "content_span": [67, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070488-0011-0000", "contents": "1953 American All Stars tour of Australia and New Zealand, Touring Squad\nNote: The tally of games in Australia, tries and goals collated from newspaper articles, as referenced below. In a few instances newspaper accounts differ. Some match reports do not mention all participants. A concession was made to allow the Americans to use substitutes in the event of first half injuries. This was unusual for the time. Normally no replacements were permitted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 72], "content_span": [73, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070488-0012-0000", "contents": "1953 American All Stars tour of Australia and New Zealand, Touring Squad\nFour Queenslanders \u2014 Harold Crocker, Brian Davies, Alan Hornery and Ken McCaffery \u2014 played for the American All Stars in the July 25 match against New South Wales.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 72], "content_span": [73, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070488-0013-0000", "contents": "1953 American All Stars tour of Australia and New Zealand, Touring Squad\nFive of the tourists returned to the United States at the conclusion of the Australian leg. By arrangement with the New Zealand Rugby League, they were replaced by four, later five, New Zealanders: Travers Hardwick and Frank Mulcare who took on coaching duties, and also Des Barchard, Roy Moore and Roy Roff.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 72], "content_span": [73, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070488-0014-0000", "contents": "1953 American All Stars tour of Australia and New Zealand, Australian Leg\nMonaco-Southern Division FB: Bill Beazley ( Wollongong), WG: Greg Watts (Pyree), CE: Roy Freebody ( Captain's Flat), CE: Jack Seamer ( Port Kembla), WG: P. Ryan ( Bombala), FE: Keith Sullivan ( Goulburn), HB: Ron Bercene ( Bombala), LK: Bob Smith ( Port Kembla), SR: Angus Miller ( Berry), SR: Col Yarham ( Mittagong), PR: Billy Hodges ( Captain's Flat), HK: R. Stewart (Bega), PR: Bruce Edwards ( Robertson). J. Southwell ( Canberra) played. He may have replaced Yarham prior to kick-off.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 73], "content_span": [74, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070488-0014-0001", "contents": "1953 American All Stars tour of Australia and New Zealand, Australian Leg\nCol Williamson ( Goulburn) was named as a reserve, but likely did not play as he was not mentioned in match reports. The following were initially selected but did not play: Robert Bartlett ( Wollongong), Jack Plater ( Yass) and Harry Wells ( Wollongong). American All Stars: FB: George Kauffman, WG: Bill Albans, CE: Ed Demirjian, CE: Gary Kerkorian, WG: Alvin E. Kirkland, FE: Sol Naumu, HB: Ted Grossman, LK: Pat Henry, SR: Vince Jones, SR: Al D. Kirkland, SR: Fran Mandulay, HK: Sydney Walker, LK: Jack Bonetti. Al Abajian replaced Bill Albans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 73], "content_span": [74, 621]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070488-0015-0000", "contents": "1953 American All Stars tour of Australia and New Zealand, Australian Leg\nSydney: FB: Clive Churchill (26) ( Souths), WG: Noel Pidding (26) ( St George), CE: George Martin (20) ( Norths), CE: Ron Taylor (21) ( Easts), WG: Barry Stenhouse (19) ( Canterbury), FE: Bob Sullivan (22) ( Norths), HB: Keith Holman (25) ( Wests), LK: Les Cowie (28) ( Souths), SR: Arthur Collinson (23) ( Wests), SR: Ben Haslam (24) ( Norths), PR: Roy Bull (23) ( Manly), HK: Ken Kearney (27) ( St George), PR: Lloyd Hudson (25) ( Norths).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 73], "content_span": [74, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070488-0015-0001", "contents": "1953 American All Stars tour of Australia and New Zealand, Australian Leg\nThe following were selected as reserves but did not play: Ken Slattery (20) ( Parramatta) and Johnny Slade (25) ( Parramatta). American All Stars: FB: George Kauffman, WG: Bill Albans, CE: Alvin E. Kirkland, CE: Sol Naumu, WG: Ed Demirjian, FE: Gary Kerkorian, HB: Ted Grossman, LK: Jack Bonetti, SR: Al D. Kirkland, SR: Fran Mandulay, PR: Vince Jones, HK: Sydney Walker, PR: Pat Henry.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 73], "content_span": [74, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070488-0016-0000", "contents": "1953 American All Stars tour of Australia and New Zealand, Australian Leg\nNew South Wales: FB: Clive Churchill (26) ( Souths), WG: Noel Pidding (26) ( St George), CE: Robert Bartlett (26) ( Wollongong), CE: Harry Wells (21) ( Wollongong), WG: Tommy Ryan ( St George), FE: Rees Duncan (21) ( Kurri Kurri), HB: Keith Holman (25) ( Wests), LK: Ken Slattery (25) ( Parramatta), SR: Don Schofield (22) ( Cessnock), SR: Albert Paul (25) ( Lakes United), PR: Charlie Gill (30) ( Newcastle Northen Suburbs), HK: Ken Kearney (27) ( St George), PR: Roy Bull (23) ( Manly). Brian Carlson (20) ( Newcastle Northen Suburbs) was initially selected but withdrew.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 73], "content_span": [74, 647]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070488-0016-0001", "contents": "1953 American All Stars tour of Australia and New Zealand, Australian Leg\nArthur Collinson (23) ( Wests) and Johnny Slade (20) ( Parramatta) were selected as reserves but did not play. American All Stars: FB: Sol Naumu, WG: Bob Buckley, CE: Alvin E. Kirkland, CE: Harold Han, WG: Ed Demirjian, FE: Gary Kerkorian, HB: Ted Grossman, LK: Jack Bonetti, SR: Al D. Kirkland, SR: Mike Dimitro, PR: Fran Mandulay, HK: Pat Henry, PR: Vince Jones.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 73], "content_span": [74, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070488-0017-0000", "contents": "1953 American All Stars tour of Australia and New Zealand, Australian Leg\nCombined Country: FB: Darcy Russell ( Waratah Mayfield), WG: Brian Carlson ( Norths), CE: Harry Wells ( Wollongong), CE: Robert Bartlett ( Wollongong), WG: Jack Lumsden ( Coonabarabran), FE: Rees Duncan ( Kurri), HB: Noel Hill ( Maitland), LK: Ron Battye ( Gundagai), SR: Don Schofield ( Cessnock), SR: Albert Paul ( Lakes United), PR: Charlie Gill ( Norths), HK: Ernie Hammerton (Boorowa), PR: Bryan Orrock (Boorowa), Coach: Ray Stehr. The following were named as reserves but are not mentioned (as playing) in match reports: Guy Brazier (Dorrigo), Jack Seamer ( Port Kembla) and Bob Smith ( Port Kembla). American All Stars: Al Abajian, Bill Albans, Jack Bonetti, Ted Grossman, Vince Jones, George Kauffman, Gary Kerkorian, Al D. Kirkland, Xavier Mena and Sydney Walker were mentioned in match reports, with one report mentioning that Pat Henry took the field as a replacement.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 73], "content_span": [74, 953]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070488-0018-0000", "contents": "1953 American All Stars tour of Australia and New Zealand, Australian Leg\nWestern Districts: FB: Gordon Head ( Baradine), WG: Bruce Cohen ( Wellington), CE: Brian Condon ( Mudgee), CE: Jack Grant ( Brewarrina), WG: Jack Lumsden ( Coonabarabran), FE: Peter Burns ( Bathurst Railway), HB: Cec Edwards (Trangie), LK: Leo Nosworthy ( Narromine), SR: Jock Weir ( Narromine), SR: Noel Flynn ( Lithgow Arms Factory), PR: Bertie Simpson ( Lithgow Arms Factory), HK: Barry Green ( Mudgee), PR: N. Towett (Trangie), Coach: Frank Bell ( Lithgow Arms Factory). Brian (Blondie) Bolton (Dubbo) and Vin Corish ( Dunedoo) were named as reserves and took the field for the second half.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 73], "content_span": [74, 668]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070488-0018-0001", "contents": "1953 American All Stars tour of Australia and New Zealand, Australian Leg\nThe following were initially selected but withdrew: Eric Dodd (Dubbo), Norman McKnight ( Forbes), B. Runsford (Lithgow). American All Stars: FB: Sol Naumu, WG: Bob Buckley, CE: Harold Han, CE: Gary Kerkorian, WG: Ed Demirjian, FE: Ted Grossman, HB: Al Abajian, LK: Jack Bonetti, SR: Pat Henry, SR: Fran Mandulay, PR: Steve Drakulvich, HK: Sydney Walker, PR: Xavier Mena. Vince Jones and George Kauffman took the field as replacements for injured players Drakulvich and Mena. The Dubbo Liberal match reports mentioned Ray Terry as being tackled into touch.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 73], "content_span": [74, 629]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070488-0019-0000", "contents": "1953 American All Stars tour of Australia and New Zealand, Australian Leg\nNewcastle: FB: Darcy Russell ( Waratah Mayfield), WG: Bill Shanks ( Waratah Mayfield), CE: Bill Smith ( Waratah Mayfield), CE: Brian Pead ( Centrals), WG: Lester Batey ( Cessnock), FE: Warren Foley ( Waratah Mayfield), HB: Noel Hill ( Maitland), LK: Barry Levido ( Cessnock), SR: Gordon Harley ( Maitland), SR: Henry Holloway ( Waratah Mayfield), PR: Doug Hawke ( Norths), HK: Kevin McKiernan ( Maitland), PR: Herb Pearson ( Kurri). Billy Roberts ( Kurri) and Tom Anderson ( Norths) were named as reserves.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 73], "content_span": [74, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070488-0019-0001", "contents": "1953 American All Stars tour of Australia and New Zealand, Australian Leg\nAmerican All Stars: FB: Sol Naumu, WG: Alvin E. Kirkland, CE: Harold Han, CE: Bob Buckley, WG: Ed Demirjian, FE: Gary Kerkorian, HB: Ted Grossman, LK: Jack Bonetti, SR: Al D. Kirkland, SR: Mike Dimitro, PR: Fran Mandulay, HK: Vince Jones, PR: Pat Henry. George Kauffman and Al Abajian were named as reserves and the latter is mentioned as playing in a match report.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 73], "content_span": [74, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070489-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 American Karakoram expedition\nThe 1953 American Karakoram expedition was a mountaineering expedition to K2, at 8,611 metres the second highest mountain on Earth. It was the fifth expedition to attempt K2, and the first since the Second World War. Led by Charles Houston, a mainly American team attempted the mountain's South-East Spur (commonly known as the Abruzzi Spur) in a style which was unusually lightweight for the time. The team reached a high point of 7750\u00a0m, but were trapped by a storm in their high camp, where a team member, Art Gilkey, became seriously ill.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070489-0000-0001", "contents": "1953 American Karakoram expedition\nA desperate retreat down the mountain followed, during which all but one of the climbers were nearly killed in a fall arrested by Pete Schoening, and Gilkey later died in an apparent avalanche. The expedition has been widely praised for the courage shown by the climbers in their attempt to save Gilkey, and for the team spirit and the bonds of friendship it fostered.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070489-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 American Karakoram expedition, Background\nBy 1953, four expeditions had attempted to climb K2. Oscar Eckenstein and Luigi Amedeo, Duke of the Abruzzi had led expeditions in 1902 and 1909 respectively, neither of which had made substantial progress, and the Duke of the Abruzzi had declared after his attempt that the mountain would never be climbed. However, two American expeditions in 1938 and 1939 had come closer to success. Charles Houston's 1938 expedition had established the feasibility of the Abruzzi Spur as a route to the summit, reaching the Shoulder at 8000\u00a0m, before retreating due to diminishing supplies and the threat of bad weather.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 655]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070489-0001-0001", "contents": "1953 American Karakoram expedition, Background\nFritz Wiessner's attempt on the 1939 American Karakoram expedition went even higher but ended in disaster when four men disappeared high on the mountain. In spite of the tragedy, the expeditions had shown that climbing K2 was a realistic goal, and further attempts would almost certainly have been made sooner had the Second World War and the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947 not made travel to Kashmir impossible during the 1940s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070489-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 American Karakoram expedition, Expedition planning\nIn spite of the political difficulties they faced, Charles Houston and Robert Bates had harboured hopes of returning to K2 since their initial attempt in 1938, and in 1952 Houston, with the aid of his friend Avra M. Warren, the U.S. Ambassador to Pakistan, obtained permission for an expedition the following year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 55], "content_span": [56, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070489-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 American Karakoram expedition, Expedition planning\nHouston and Bates planned the expedition as a lightweight one, incorporating many elements of what would later become known as the Alpine style. There were practical reasons for this as well as stylistic ones. Since partition, the Indian Sherpas who had traditionally served as porters on Himalayan expeditions were unwelcome in Pakistan, and few of the Hunza porters who would replace them had genuine mountaineering skills.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 55], "content_span": [56, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070489-0003-0001", "contents": "1953 American Karakoram expedition, Expedition planning\nGiven the technical difficulty of the Abruzzi Spur it was therefore impractical to use porters to carry loads high on the mountain, so it was planned to use them only as far as Camp II. Additionally the steepness of the Abruzzi Spur meant there was limited flat space for tents, and camp sites to accommodate large numbers of climbers would be difficult to find. Houston and Bates therefore planned to assemble a small team of eight climbers and no high-altitude porters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 55], "content_span": [56, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070489-0003-0002", "contents": "1953 American Karakoram expedition, Expedition planning\nThe size of the team ruled out the use of supplemental oxygen as there would not be enough manpower to carry the extra weight up the mountain, but Houston was confident from his own wartime experiments, as well as the experience of the pre-war British Everest expeditions, that it would be possible to climb K2 without it.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 55], "content_span": [56, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070489-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 American Karakoram expedition, Expedition planning\nHouston and Bates considered many climbers, and selected them for their compatibility as a team and all-round experience rather than individual brilliance. Houston was aware that personality clashes between team members had been detrimental to other Karakoram expeditions, most notable Wiessner's, and was keen to avoid them. The six climbers selected were Robert Craig, a ski instructor from Seattle, Art Gilkey, a geologist from Iowa, Dee Molenaar, a geologist and artist from Seattle, Pete Schoening, also from Seattle and at 25 the youngest of the party, and George Bell, a nuclear scientist from Los Alamos.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 55], "content_span": [56, 668]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070489-0004-0001", "contents": "1953 American Karakoram expedition, Expedition planning\nThe eighth member of the team was Tony Streather, an English army officer who was initially appointed Transport Officer, but showed sufficient prowess to become a full member of the climbing team. The biggest disappointment was that William House, who had played a major role in the 1938 expedition, was unable to return for business reasons. Other talented climbers, such as  Willi Unsoeld, Paul Petzoldt and Fritz Wiessner himself were controversially not included because it was not felt that they would get on with the rest of the team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 55], "content_span": [56, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070489-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 American Karakoram expedition, Expedition planning\nThe expedition was privately funded, receiving no grants from either the government or American mountaineering bodies. The budget of $32,000 came from the team members themselves, some gifts, advances paid by the National Broadcasting Corporation and the Saturday Evening Post for a film and a series of newspaper articles, as well as significant loans. Some corporate sponsorship was also obtained, but mainly in the form of equipment and food rather than money.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 55], "content_span": [56, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070489-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 American Karakoram expedition, Climbing, storm and illness\nThe expedition assembled in Rawalpindi at the end of May, flew on to Skardu, and after the long trek through Askole and up the Baltoro Glacier, arrived at the base of K2 on 20 June. The early stages of the climb proceeded smoothly, though progress was slow due to the expedition's tactics. The tragedies on Nanga Parbat in 1934 and K2 in 1939 had convinced Houston of the importance of keeping all camps well stocked at all times in case the expedition had to retreat in bad weather. Doing this required the climbers to make extra journeys up and down the mountain carrying extra supplies, which would prove crucial to their survival.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 63], "content_span": [64, 698]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070489-0007-0000", "contents": "1953 American Karakoram expedition, Climbing, storm and illness\nBy 1 August the route had been pushed as far as Camp VIII, at the base of the Shoulder at around 7800\u00a0m, and the next day the whole team assembled there to prepare for the final push for the summit. However, the weather had been gradually deteriorating for several days, and soon a severe storm broke. At first it did not dispirit the team, and a secret ballot was held to decide which climbers should make the first summit attempt. However, as the storm continued for day after day their position became more serious. One of the tents collapsed on the fourth night, forcing Houston and Bell to crowd into other, already cramped tents. On  6 August, with weather forecasts offering little hope of improvement, the party for the first time discussed retreating.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 63], "content_span": [64, 824]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070489-0008-0000", "contents": "1953 American Karakoram expedition, Climbing, storm and illness\nThe next day the weather improved, but thoughts of attempting the summit were quickly abandoned when Art Gilkey collapsed just outside his tent. Houston diagnosed him as suffering from thrombophlebitis\u2014blood clots which would be dangerous at sea level, but would almost certainly be fatal at 7800\u00a0m. The whole team was now forced into a desperate attempt to save him. While they believed that there was little or no chance of saving him, the possibility of abandoning him was never discussed. However, the unacceptable avalanche risk followed by a renewal of the storm prevented a descent at that time, and the team remained at Camp VIII for several more days in the hope that the weather would improve.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 63], "content_span": [64, 767]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070489-0009-0000", "contents": "1953 American Karakoram expedition, Attempted rescue and fall\nBy 10 August the situation had become critical: Gilkey was showing signs of pulmonary embolism and deteriorating quickly, and the whole team was still trapped at an altitude that would have eventually killed them all. In spite of the continuing storm and avalanche risk, the team immediately began descending. On a makeshift stretcher made from canvas, ropes and a sleeping bag, Gilkey was pulled or lowered down steep terrain, until the team reached a point where they could traverse a difficult ice slope to their Camp VII, at around 7,500 metres (24,600\u00a0ft).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 61], "content_span": [62, 623]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070489-0010-0000", "contents": "1953 American Karakoram expedition, Attempted rescue and fall\nA mass fall occurred as the climbers began the traverse. George Bell slipped and fell on a patch of hard ice, pulling off his rope-mate Tony Streather. As they fell, their rope became entangled with those connecting Houston, Bates, Gilkey and Molenaar, pulling all these climbers off as well. Finally the strain came onto Pete Schoening, who had been belaying Gilkey and Molenaar. Quickly wrapping the rope around his shoulders and ice axe, Schoening held all six climbers, preventing them from falling into the Godwin-Austen Glacier. This act became simply known as \"The Belay.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 61], "content_span": [62, 641]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070489-0011-0000", "contents": "1953 American Karakoram expedition, Attempted rescue and fall\nAfter the climbers had recovered and made their way to the tent at Camp VII, Gilkey was lost. He had been anchored to the ice slope as the exhausted climbers prepared the tent, and his muffled shouts were heard. When Bates and Streather returned to bring him to the tent, they found no sign of him. A faint groove in the snow suggested that an avalanche had taken place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 61], "content_span": [62, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070489-0011-0001", "contents": "1953 American Karakoram expedition, Attempted rescue and fall\nAuthors such as Jim Curran have suggested that Gilkey's death, while tragic, undoubtedly saved the lives of the rest of the team, who were now free to concentrate on their own survival. Houston has agreed with this assessment, but Pete Schoening always believed, based on his other experiences of mountain rescue, that the team could have successfully completed the rescue, albeit with more frostbite than they eventually suffered. There is also controversy over the manner of Gilkey's death.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 61], "content_span": [62, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070489-0011-0002", "contents": "1953 American Karakoram expedition, Attempted rescue and fall\nTom Hornbein and others have suggested that, realising his rescue was endangering the lives of the others, Gilkey might have untied himself from the mountainside. Charles Houston initially believed that Gilkey, sedated with morphine, did not have the physical strength to untie the anchors. However, when recounting the events for a documentary in 2003, he changed his mind and concluded that Gilkey had indeed untethered himself. Other people, such as Robert Bates, remained convinced that an avalanche swept Gilkey away.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 61], "content_span": [62, 584]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070489-0012-0000", "contents": "1953 American Karakoram expedition, Attempted rescue and fall\nThe descent from Camp VII to Base Camp took a further five days and was itself gruelling; all the climbers were exhausted, George Bell had badly frostbitten feet and Charles Houston, who had suffered a head injury, was dazed and concussed. Houston has said that, while he is proud of the team's attempt to rescue Gilkey, he feels the successful descent was a greater achievement. During the descent, the climbers saw a broken ice-axe and some bloodstained rocks, but no other trace of Art Gilkey was found.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 61], "content_span": [62, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070489-0013-0000", "contents": "1953 American Karakoram expedition, Attempted rescue and fall\nOn the team's descent to Base Camp, a memorial cairn was erected to Art Gilkey, and a service was held. The Gilkey Memorial has since become the burial place of other climbers who have died on K2, as well as a memorial to those whose bodies have not been found.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 61], "content_span": [62, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070489-0014-0000", "contents": "1953 American Karakoram expedition, Attempted rescue and fall\nClothing and human remains, positively identified as Gilkey, were discovered close to K2 Base Camp in 1993 by an expedition led by British mountaineer Roger Payne.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 61], "content_span": [62, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070489-0015-0000", "contents": "1953 American Karakoram expedition, Aftermath and legacy\nIn spite of the trauma of the expedition, Charles Houston was keen to make another attempt on K2, and requested permission for a further expedition in 1954. He was extremely disappointed that a large Italian expedition had booked the mountain that year. The Italian expedition was successful, and while Houston had permission for 1955 he did not take it up, and gave up mountaineering in order to concentrate on his career researching high-altitude medicine. Pete Schoening, however, returned to the Karakoram in 1958 and, with Andy Kauffman made the first ascent of Gasherbrum I; at 8080\u00a0m the highest first ascent ever made by an American team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 56], "content_span": [57, 703]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070489-0016-0000", "contents": "1953 American Karakoram expedition, Aftermath and legacy\nThe account of the expedition, written by Bates and Houston with additional sections by the other climbers, was published in 1954 as K2 - The Savage Mountain. It received widespread acclaim, and is regarded as a mountaineering classic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 56], "content_span": [57, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070489-0017-0000", "contents": "1953 American Karakoram expedition, Aftermath and legacy\nUnlike many other K2 expeditions which have ended in acrimony and bitterness, such as Wiessner's 1939 expedition and the successful Italian expedition of 1954, the 1953 expedition formed lifelong bonds of friendship between its members. Houston remarked that \"we entered the mountain as strangers, but we left it as brothers\", while Bates would later say that \"the Brotherhood of the Rope established on K2 outlasted the expedition by many decades and was based on a shared sense of values, interests and mutual respect and affection\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 56], "content_span": [57, 592]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070489-0017-0001", "contents": "1953 American Karakoram expedition, Aftermath and legacy\nBecause of this, and the bravery and selflessness of the attempt to save Art Gilkey, the expedition has been held up by writers such as Jim Curran as \"a symbol of all that is best in mountaineering.\" Jim Wickwire, who made the first American ascent of K2 in 1978, described their courage and character as \"one of the greatest mountaineering stories of all time\", and wrote in a letter to Houston that to have climbed on the 1953 expedition would have been even better than climbing K2 in 1978.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 56], "content_span": [57, 550]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070489-0017-0002", "contents": "1953 American Karakoram expedition, Aftermath and legacy\nMany years after the expedition, Reinhold Messner, the first man to climb all fourteen 8000\u00a0m peaks, said that while he had great respect for the Italian team which first climbed K2, he had even more respect for the American team, adding that while they failed, \"they failed in the most beautiful way you can imagine.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 56], "content_span": [57, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070489-0018-0000", "contents": "1953 American Karakoram expedition, Aftermath and legacy\nIn 1981 the American Alpine Club established the David A. Sowles Memorial Award for \"mountaineers who have distinguished themselves, with unselfish devotion at personal risk or sacrifice of a major objective, in going to the assistance of fellow climbers imperilled in the mountains.\" The surviving members of the Third American Karakoram Expedition were among the first recipients.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 56], "content_span": [57, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070489-0019-0000", "contents": "1953 American Karakoram expedition, Aftermath and legacy\nSchoening's action in arresting the mass fall has itself achieved iconic status, and is known in American climbing circles simply as \"The Belay\". Schoening himself, however, was always modest about his achievement, claiming that he was merely lucky.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 56], "content_span": [57, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070490-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 American Samoan legislative election\nLegislative elections were held in American Samoa between 19 and 24 January 1953, the first under universal suffrage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070490-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 American Samoan legislative election, Background\nIn 1948 a bicameral Fono was created with a 12-member House of Ali'i and a 54-member House of Representatives. In 1952 the legislature was reorganised into a 15-member Senate and an 18-member House of Representatives. The 18 members of the House of Representatives were elected by the secret ballot, while the 15 members of the Senate were chosen through open meetings, one from each of the 15 counties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 53], "content_span": [54, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070490-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 American Samoan legislative election, Background\nOf the estimated 7,300 eligible votes, 4,675 people registered to vote. Voters were required to have lived in their district for at least five years to register, with the voting age set at 18. The campaign started on 5 January. The Western Samoan government sent observers to monitor the elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 53], "content_span": [54, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070490-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 American Samoan legislative election, Results\n3,770 voters cast votes in the election. For the first time, women were elected, with Zilpher Jennings and Mabel Reid winning seats in the House of Representatives. Twelve of the eighteen members of the House of Representatives were non-chiefs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 50], "content_span": [51, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070491-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Argentine Grand Prix\nThe 1953 Argentine Grand Prix was race 1 of 9 in the 1953 World Championship of Drivers, which was run to Formula Two regulations in 1952 and 1953. The race was held in Buenos Aires on 18 January 1953, at the Aut\u00f3dromo G\u00e1lvez (official name: Aut\u00f3dromo Juan y \u00d3scar G\u00e1lvez, also known as the Aut\u00f3dromo 17 de Octubre) as the first official Formula One race in South America and outside of Europe. Previously, the Indianapolis 500 (part of the Formula One championship calendar from 1950 to 1960) was the only Formula One championship race held outside Europe but run to AAA regulations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 610]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070491-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Argentine Grand Prix, Race report\nThe inaugural Argentine Grand Prix, held in mid-January, was attended by four of the major works teams: Maserati, Ferrari, Cooper, and Gordini. Former World Champion Juan Manuel Fangio, who had not competed in the Championship since clinching the 1951 title in Spain, raced for Maserati alongside fellow Argentinians Jos\u00e9 Froil\u00e1n Gonz\u00e1lez and Oscar Alfredo G\u00e1lvez, and Italian driver Felice Bonetto. Ferrari lined up with the familiar trio of reigning World Champion Alberto Ascari, Nino Farina, and Luigi Villoresi, as well as their new signing Mike Hawthorn, who had driven a privateer Cooper the previous year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 38], "content_span": [39, 652]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070491-0001-0001", "contents": "1953 Argentine Grand Prix, Race report\nThe Cooper team entered the British pair of Alan Brown and John Barber alongside the local driver Adolfo Schwelm Cruz. Gordini retained their 1952 trio of Robert Manzon, Maurice Trintignant, and Jean Behra, who were joined by a pair of Argentinians\u2014Carlos Menditeguy and Pablo Birger\u2014the latter of which drove a Simca-Gordini.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 38], "content_span": [39, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070491-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Argentine Grand Prix, Race report\nAscari was once again the fastest qualifier, taking his fourth consecutive World Championship pole position. His teammates Villoresi and Farini lined up third and fourth, but the returning Fangio prevented a Ferrari front row lockout by qualifying second in his Maserati. Gonz\u00e1lez, in the second Maserati, started from row two alongside Hawthorn, making his first appearance for Ferrari, and the Gordini of Trintignant. The remaining Gordinis of Manzon, Menditeguy, and Behra made up the third row with G\u00e1lvez in his Maserati. Row four consisted of the Coopers of Brown and Schwelm Cruz, and Birger in the sole Simca-Gordini. At the back of the grid were the Maserati of Bonetto and Barber in the final Cooper.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 38], "content_span": [39, 749]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070491-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Argentine Grand Prix, Race report\nDue to President Juan Per\u00f3n's decision to allow free access to the circuit, there were an excessive number of spectators and they lined the track as the race began. One of the spectators wandered onto the track, and, in order to avoid hitting him, Nino Farina was forced to swerve. Farina ultimately lost control of his car and crashed into the crowd on lap 31, killing 13 spectators. In the resulting mass panic, a boy ran in front of Brown's Cooper and was killed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 38], "content_span": [39, 505]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070491-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Argentine Grand Prix, Race report\nAscari, who started from pole, led the entirety of the race, taking his seventh consecutive World Championship race victory, and, in so doing, established an early lead in the Drivers' Championship. Fangio was in second until a transmission issue forced him to retire from the race. Manzon initially inherited the position, but Villoresi ultimately took second place, a lap behind his teammate. Hawthorn had been running in third, although he was eventually overtaken by Gonz\u00e1lez, preventing a Ferrari 1-2-3. Hawthorn finished fourth, ahead of G\u00e1lvez, who took the final points in his first and only World Championship race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 38], "content_span": [39, 663]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070492-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Argentine Primera Divisi\u00f3n\nThe 1953 Argentine Primera Divisi\u00f3n was the 62nd season of top-flight football in Argentina. The season began on April 5 and ended on November 22.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070492-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Argentine Primera Divisi\u00f3n\nGimnasia y Esgrima (LP) returned to Primera while the other team of the city, Estudiantes (LP), was relegated. River Plate won its 11th league title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070493-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Arizona State Sun Devils football team\nThe 1953  Arizona State Sun Devils football team represented Arizona State University in the sport of football during the 1953 college football season. The team was led by head coach Clyde B. Smith. Home games were played at Goodwin Stadium in Tempe, Arizona. Arizona State finished the 1953 football campaign 4\u20135\u20131 overall and 1\u20133 in Border Conference play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070494-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Arizona State\u2013Flagstaff Lumberjacks football team\nThe 1953 Arizona State\u2013Flagstaff Lumberjacks football team was an American football team that represented Arizona State College at Flagstaff (now known as Northern Arizona University) in the New Mexico Conference (NMC) during the 1953 college football season. In their third and final year under head coach John Pederson, the Lumberjacks compiled a 4\u20135 record and was outscored by a total of 166 to 126.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 458]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070494-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Arizona State\u2013Flagstaff Lumberjacks football team\nAfter the 1952 season, the Lumberjacks left the Border Conference and joined the NMC. In their first season in the NMC, they compiled a 3\u20133 record against conference opponents, finishing in a three-way tie for third place in the seven-team conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070494-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Arizona State\u2013Flagstaff Lumberjacks football team\nThe team played its home games at Skidmore Field in Flagstaff, Arizona.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070495-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Arizona Wildcats football team\nThe 1953 Arizona Wildcats football team represented the University of Arizona during the 1953 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070495-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Arizona Wildcats football team, Schedule\nThe game versus Arizona State was first game on television.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070496-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Arkansas Razorbacks football team\nThe 1953 Arkansas Razorbacks football team represented the University of Arkansas in the Southwest Conference (SWC) during the 1953 college football season. In their first year under head coach Bowden Wyatt, the Razorbacks compiled a 3\u20137 record (2\u20134 against SWC opponents), finished in fifth place in the SWC, and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 161 to 116.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070496-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Arkansas Razorbacks football team\nArkansas quarterback Lamar McHan finished ninth in the Heisman Trophy voting for 1953. McHan was sixth in the nation in yards per punt, and tied for sixth in punt return yards. Receiver Floyd Sagely's receiving stats were tied for sixth best in the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070497-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Army Cadets football team\nThe 1953 Army Cadets football team represented the United States Military Academy in the 1953 college football season. Led by head coach Earl Blaik, the team finished with a record of 7\u20131\u20131. The Cadets won the Lambert-Meadowlands Trophy, awarded to the top college team in the East.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070497-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Army Cadets football team\nThe Cadets had lost six players, including Freddie Myers, to academic ineligibility. The Cadets defeated Furman, 41\u20130, the team's first shutout since the 1951 scandal. After a loss to Northwestern, the Cadets were undefeated for the rest of the season. In a scoreless tie against Tulane, future Max McGee starred for the Green Wave. In the Army\u2013Navy Game, Army's 20\u20137 victory over Navy was its first since 1949. The turning point of the season was an October victory over No. 7 Duke. The Blue Devils featured stars such as Red Smith and Worth (A Million) Lutz.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 591]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070497-0001-0001", "contents": "1953 Army Cadets football team\nTommy Bell ran up the middle. Quarterback Pete Vann switched the ball to his left hand, and made a southpaw pass. Red Smith was tackled by Bob Mischak in the final minutes of the game. Mischak ran 73 yards to make the tackle catching up eight yards of separation to save a touchdown. Inspired by Mischak, Army held Duke inside the one yard line, took over on downs, and eventually won the game. \"When Bob Mischak, who was posthumously enshrined in the Army/West Point Sports Hall of Fame in 2017, made that unlikely play, what Blaik called \" a marvelous display of heart and pursuit,\" the Army football team regained it's soul.\" Direct quote from Maraness", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 686]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070497-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Army Cadets football team, New York Giants coaching vacancy\nBefore the end of the 1953 season, the New York Daily News had a headline in their paper that Vince Lombardi was the top candidate to become the Giants new head coach. Although Giants co-owner Wellington Mara was a classmate of Lombardi at Fordham University, the Giants were actually interested in Army head coach, Colonel Red Blaik. Blaik had declined the job, but recommended Lombardi, who was his offensive co-ordinator at Army. Despite being Red Blaik's top aide, Vince Lombardi was anxious and frustrated. Three other Army assistants, including Murray Warmath were now head coaches. In June, Lombardi had turned forty years old. Lombardi would be hired as the offensive co-ordinator for the 1954 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 64], "content_span": [65, 774]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070498-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Atlantic hurricane season\nThe 1953 Atlantic hurricane season was the first time an organized list of female names was used to name Atlantic storms. It officially began on June\u00a015, and lasted until November\u00a015, although activity occurred both before and after the season's limits. The season was active with fourteen\u00a0total storms, six of which developed into hurricanes; four of the hurricanes attained major hurricane status, or a Category\u00a03 or greater on the Saffir-Simpson scale.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070498-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Atlantic hurricane season\nThe strongest hurricane of the season was Carol, although by the time it struck Atlantic Canada it was much weaker. Both hurricanes Barbara and Florence struck the United States; the former crossed the Outer Banks and impacted much of the east coast, and Florence struck a sparsely populated region of the Florida Panhandle without causing much damage. Bermuda was threatened by three hurricanes within two weeks. In addition to the hurricanes, Tropical Storm Alice developed in late May and left several fatalities in Cuba. The final hurricane of the season, Hazel, produced additional rainfall in Florida after previous flooding conditions. There were several unnamed storms, the last of which dissipated on December\u00a09.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 752]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070498-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Alice\nA tropical storm developed east of Nicaragua on May\u00a025, executing a counterclockwise loop over Central America. After weakening over land, Alice re-intensified over the western Caribbean, moving over western Cuba on May 21 with winds of 50\u00a0mph (80\u00a0km/h). On June\u00a01, it entered the Gulf of Mexico, and later executed another loop off the northwest coast of Cuba. Alice quickly weakened due to a cold front, and advisories were discontinued by June\u00a03. While near Cuba, Alice produced drought-breaking rainfall that caused flooding and several unofficial drowning deaths.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 61], "content_span": [62, 630]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070498-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Alice\nAfter passing near Cuba, Alice turned to the north and restrengthened to peak winds of 70\u00a0mph (110\u00a0km/h), possibly even stronger to hurricane intensity. Alice again weakened before making landfall near Panama City Beach on June\u00a06 as a minimal tropical storm, and dissipating shortly thereafter. Alice brought heavy rainfall to Florida, peaking at 13.48 inches (342\u00a0mm) in Lake Placid. Near where it made landfall, the storm dropped light rainfall, and there were no reports of damage in the state. Alice was the first North Atlantic tropical cyclone to have a female name. It was also one of 22\u00a0tropical or subtropical cyclones on record in the month of May.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 61], "content_span": [62, 720]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070498-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Two\nA tropical depression developed over southwestern Florida on July\u00a011. It moved northeastward toward a trough across northern Florida. The depression intensified into a tropical storm on July\u00a012 and reached peak winds of 45\u00a0mph (75\u00a0km/h). On July\u00a015, the storm began interacting with a nearby cold front, signaling that it transitioned into an extratropical storm. On the next day, the storm brushed Nantucket with 31\u00a0mph (50\u00a0km/h winds before the storm was absorbed by the front.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070498-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Barbara\nA tropical wave developed into Tropical Storm Barbara over the Bahamas on August\u00a011. It intensified as it moved north-northwestward, becoming a hurricane by the next day, and reaching peak winds of 90\u00a0mph (150\u00a0km/h) just south of Cape Hatteras on August\u00a013. Barbara moved over the Outer Banks, passing between Morehead City and Ocracoke, and it turned and accelerated to the northeast. Steadily weakening and losing tropical characteristics, the hurricane transitioned into an extratropical cyclone late on August\u00a015. It turned northward, crossing eastern Nova Scotia and dissipating over Labrador on August\u00a016.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 58], "content_span": [59, 670]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070498-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Barbara\nBefore Barbara struck the Outer Banks, officials ordered evacuations for a few islands, and several thousand tourists voluntarily left the region. Wind gusts reached 90\u00a0mph (140\u00a0km/h) at Hatteras and Nags Head. Torrential rainfall fell across the state and extended northward into Virginia, peaking at 11.1\u00a0in (280\u00a0mm) near Onley along the Eastern Shore of Virginia. Across the region, the hurricane left flooding and downed trees, some of which survived the Great Atlantic Hurricane of 1944. Monetary damage from Barbara was estimated around $1.3\u00a0million (1953\u00a0USD, $12.6\u00a0million 2021\u00a0USD), mostly from the crop damage. Newspaper reports indicated there were seven deaths in the country; two additional deaths occurred offshore Atlantic Canada when a dory sunk.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 58], "content_span": [59, 821]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070498-0007-0000", "contents": "1953 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Carol\nOn August\u00a028, a tropical wave developed into a tropical depression near Cape Verde. After moving west-southwestward, it turned to the northwest, intensifying into a tropical storm on August\u00a031 and into a hurricane on September\u00a02. Passing northeast of the Lesser Antilles, Carol rapidly intensified to Category 5 intensity, reaching peak winds of 160\u00a0mph (260\u00a0km/h) on September\u00a03, making it the strongest hurricane of the season. It gradually weakened, bypassing Bermuda on September\u00a06 and producing high waves. Carol later turned to the north-northeast, brushing Cape Cod and causing boating accidents across New England. Four people were killed in the region. Fishing losses totaled around $1\u00a0million (1953\u00a0USD, $9.67\u00a0million 2021\u00a0USD).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 795]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070498-0008-0000", "contents": "1953 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Carol\nAfter bypassing New England, Carol brushed western Nova Scotia before moving ashore near Saint John, New Brunswick as a minimal hurricane. As the storm moved ashore, it produced hurricane conditions in eastern Maine, one of only six Atlantic hurricanes to do so. In Nova Scotia, several boats were wrecked or washed ashore, with one drowning death reported. High seas caused coastal flooding, while strong winds downed large areas of trees. Heavy losses to the apple crop occurred in Annapolis Valley, totaling $1\u00a0million (1950\u00a0CAD, $10\u00a0million 2021\u00a0USD). Carol later dissipated southwest of Greenland on September\u00a09.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 674]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070498-0009-0000", "contents": "1953 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Five\nOn August\u00a029, a tropical storm developed over southern Florida. While moving through the state, the storm dropped heavy rainfall, reaching 4.67\u00a0in (119\u00a0mm) at Fort Lauderdale Beach; similar rainfall was observed in the northern Bahamas. Described by one Weather Bureau forecaster as \"wide and flat\", the storm gradually organized over the western Atlantic Ocean. On August\u00a031, the storm turned to the northwest, with maximum sustained winds of 40\u00a0mph (65\u00a0km/h). The system weakened to a tropical depression before moving ashore near Savannah, Georgia on September\u00a01. It dissipated that day over land.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 60], "content_span": [61, 661]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070498-0010-0000", "contents": "1953 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Dolly\nThe origins of Dolly were from a tropical wave that moved through the eastern Caribbean Sea, producing 10\u00a0in (250\u00a0mm) in Saint Thomas in the U.S. Virgin Islands. The rains closed schools and government buildings around San Juan, Puerto Rico, and flooding was reported in Guayama, Yabucoa, and Patillas. On September\u00a08, a tropical storm developed north of Puerto Rico, which moved slowly west-southwestward before turning to the north. It quickly intensified, and after Hurricane Hunters reported an eye, Dolly reached hurricane status on September\u00a09. At that time, hurricane warnings were issued in the Bahamas, although the storm turned away from the archipelago. It intensified to peak winds of 75\u00a0mph (120\u00a0km/h) on September\u00a010, as reported by aircraft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 813]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070498-0011-0000", "contents": "1953 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Dolly\nDolly weakened as it accelerated northeastward, although it still threatened to strike Bermuda with strong winds. As a result, the United States Air Force ordered all of the planes on the island to fly to the mainland. After continued weakening, Dolly passed over the island on September\u00a011, producing only gale-force winds, rains, and little to no damage. It deteriorated into a tropical storm on September\u00a012 and transitioned into an extratropical cyclone later that day. The remnants of Dolly later turned eastward, dissipating just west of Portugal on September\u00a017.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 626]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070498-0012-0000", "contents": "1953 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Edna\nShortly behind Dolly, another tropical wave spawned a tropical depression over the Lesser Antilles on September\u00a015. As it moved through the region, it produced unsettled conditions across the northeast Caribbean. Edna quickly intensified as it tracked northwestward, attaining hurricane status on September\u00a015 and peak winds of 115\u00a0mph (185\u00a0km/h) the next day. After peaking, the hurricane turned to the northeast and maintained most of its intensity for a few days. It passed just north of Bermuda early on September\u00a018 with winds of 115\u00a0mph (185\u00a0km/h), before beginning a steady weakening trend as it accelerated. By September\u00a019, Edna completed the transition into an extratropical cyclone, lasting another day before dissipating west of Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 805]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070498-0013-0000", "contents": "1953 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Edna\nBefore Edna struck Bermuda, the islanders were well-prepared due to being previously impacted by hurricanes Carol and Dolly, and they boarded up their homes. The hurricane caused \"considerable damage\", with wind gusts reaching 120\u00a0mph (190\u00a0km/h). The winds downed trees, blocking roads, and also caused disruptions to the power and water services. During its passage, Edna produced heavy rainfall and also damaged several roofs. There were three injuries on the island.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070498-0014-0000", "contents": "1953 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Eight\nA tropical depression formed in the central Gulf of Mexico on September\u00a015 and moved northeastward. The storm produced heavy seas across the region, which damaged two small boats. The storm reached peak winds of 50\u00a0mph (75\u00a0km/h) while moving in a small clockwise loop southeast of Louisiana. The storm weakened into a tropical depression on September\u00a017, but re-intensified to a tropical storm three days later. On September\u00a020, the storm moved ashore in Taylor County, Florida and dissipated the next day over the state, bringing 2 to 5\u00a0in (51 to 127\u00a0mm) of rainfall to coastal areas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 61], "content_span": [62, 647]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070498-0015-0000", "contents": "1953 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Florence\nFlorence developed on September\u00a023 near Jamaica from a tropical wave. While passing that island, it produced heavy rainfall that blocked roads. It intensified to hurricane status on September\u00a024 while passing through the Yucat\u00e1n Channel, and while doing so left heavy damage in western Cuba. After turning north and entering the Gulf of Mexico, Florence quickly intensified to peak winds of 115\u00a0mph (185\u00a0km/h). It gradually weakened before making landfall on September\u00a026 as a minimal hurricane in a sparsely populated region of the Florida Panhandle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 611]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070498-0016-0000", "contents": "1953 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Florence\nBefore Florence hit the United States Gulf Coast, about 10,000\u00a0people evacuated Panama City, Florida, and the Weather Bureau issued timely warnings that was credited in preventing any deaths or major injuries. Winds reached 84\u00a0mph (135\u00a0km/h) at Eglin Air Force Base, and the heaviest rainfall was 14.71\u00a0in (374\u00a0mm) in Lockhart, Alabama. The combination of winds and heavy rainfall left crop damage in the Florida panhandle and southeastern Alabama, although coastal damage was not severe. Overall, 421\u00a0houses were damaged and another three were destroyed, with monetary damage estimated around $200,000 (1953\u00a0USD, $1.93\u00a0million 2021\u00a0USD). After landfall, Florence quickly transitioned into an extratropical cyclone, and as it continued across the southeastern United States it produced moderately heavy rainfall. It dissipated on September\u00a028 southeast of New England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 928]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070498-0017-0000", "contents": "1953 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Gail\nOn October\u00a02, a tropical wave spawned a tropical depression about 815\u00a0mi (1310\u00a0km) west-southwest of the Cape Verde islands. The depression quickly intensified into Tropical Storm Gail, and the next day, a ship encountered the storm, reporting a minimum pressure of 986\u00a0mbar (29.12\u00a0inHg). As the ship crossed through the center, it reported winds of 80\u00a0mph (130\u00a0km/h), indicating Gail attained hurricane status. Initially, the Weather Service believed that Gail dissipated and a new storm formed in the same region on October\u00a05, but a reanalysis in 2015 indicated that they were the same storm.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 650]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070498-0017-0001", "contents": "1953 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Gail\nThe confusion resulted from Gail turning to the northeast on October\u00a04, steered by an approaching trough. On October\u00a06, Gail turned back to the west-northwest, remaining a moderate tropical storm for several days. On October\u00a011, the cold front that absorbed Hurricane Hazel turned Gail to the north, and absorbed it the next day in the central Atlantic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070498-0018-0000", "contents": "1953 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Eleven\nOn October\u00a03, a tropical storm developed near the southern coast of Cuba. It moved northwestward, crossing the island before turning to the northeast. Early on October\u00a05, the storm brushed southeastern Florida, producing gusty winds and rainfall. The threat of the storm prompted small craft warnings from the Florida Keys through South Carolina. As it accelerated northeastward, the storm strengthened slightly to maximum sustained winds of 45\u00a0mph (75\u00a0km/h), before becoming extratropical on October\u00a06.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 566]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070498-0018-0001", "contents": "1953 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Eleven\nTwo days later, the remnants moved over Atlantic Canada with winds of 70\u00a0mph (120\u00a0km/h), producing flooding rainfall that washed out several roads. The storm caused two deaths after it wrecked a boat in Broad Cove, Nova Scotia. Later, the cyclone passed south of Greenland before dissipating southwest of Iceland on October\u00a010.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070498-0019-0000", "contents": "1953 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Hazel\nThe twelfth tropical storm and the final hurricane of the season formed in the Yucat\u00e1n Channel on October\u00a07. Given the name Hazel, the storm tracked north-northeastward, then northeastward through the Gulf of Mexico while gradually intensifying. On October\u00a09, Hazel strengthened into a hurricane and made landfall just north of Fort Myers, Florida at its peak intensity of 85\u00a0mph (140\u00a0km/h). The storm crossed the state in about six hours, during which it weakened slightly back to a tropical storm. Over the western Atlantic Ocean, Hazel re-intensified to its peak winds, although by late on October\u00a010 it transitioned into an extratropical storm between North Carolina and Bermuda. The remnants continued northeastward, dissipating southeast of Newfoundland on October\u00a012. On Sable Island, the storm produced heavy winds and rain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 889]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070498-0020-0000", "contents": "1953 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Hazel\nDue to the fairly light winds across Florida, damage from Hazel was minor, estimated around $250,000 (1953\u00a0USD, $2.42\u00a0million 2021\u00a0USD). During its passage, the storm spawned a tornado in St. James City that destroyed several homes, and there were indications of another tornado in Okeechobee City. The primary impact from Hazel was from its rainfall, peaking at 10.53 inches (267\u00a0mm) in Daytona Beach. The rains added to previous flooding conditions across the state, causing a record flood stage along the St. Johns River that flooded 6\u00a0mi (9.7\u00a0km) of highway. Overall flooding damage was estimated up to $10\u00a0million (1953\u00a0USD, $96.7\u00a0million 2021\u00a0USD), but it was impossible to determine how much was due to Hazel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 773]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070498-0021-0000", "contents": "1953 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Thirteen\nA tropical storm developed from a dissipating cold front on November\u00a023, about 460\u00a0mi (740\u00a0km) northeast of Barbuda in the Lesser Antilles. It moved northeastward, strengthening to peak winds of 50\u00a0mph (85\u00a0km/h) on November\u00a024. It later turned sharply to the west as it began a weakening trend, followed by a curve to the north. The cyclone dissipated on November\u00a026 about 450\u00a0mi (725\u00a0km) east-northeast of Bermuda, without ever affecting land.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 64], "content_span": [65, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070498-0022-0000", "contents": "1953 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Irene\nThe final tropical cyclone of the season developed on December\u00a07 about 705\u00a0mi (1735\u00a0km) east-northeast of the Lesser Antilles, from the end of a dissipating cold front. Given the name Irene, the storm moved to the northwest and later to the west. Based on ship observations, it is estimated that Irene intensified to a peak of 65\u00a0mph (100\u00a0km/h) on December\u00a08, before weakening the next day. Late on December\u00a09, Irene dissipated about 270\u00a0mi (435\u00a0km) north of the Lesser Antilles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 61], "content_span": [62, 541]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070498-0023-0000", "contents": "1953 Atlantic hurricane season, Storm names\nThese names were used to name storms during the 1953 season. The list was the same for the 1954 season as well, with only one exception - Gilda, which replaced Gail, to not confuse the name with the term, Gale. Initially, all female names were used; it was not until the 1979 season that male and female names were used in alternating order. Names that were not assigned are marked in gray. All storm names were named for the first time. No names were retired, because the World Meteorological Organization only started to retire storm names in the next year, 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 43], "content_span": [44, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070499-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Auburn Tigers football team\nThe 1953 Auburn Tigers football team represented Auburn University in the 1953 college football season. It was the Tigers' 62nd overall and 21st season as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The team was led by head coach Ralph \"Shug\" Jordan, in his third year, and played their home games at Cliff Hare Stadium in Auburn, the Cramton Bowl in Montgomery and Ladd Memorial Stadium in Mobile, Alabama. They finished with a record of seven wins, three losses and one tie (7\u20133\u20131 overall, 4\u20132\u20131 in the SEC) and with a loss to Texas Tech in the Gator Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 594]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070499-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Auburn Tigers football team, Notable players, Vince Dooley\nServing as team captain, Dooley played quarterback and corner back for the 53' Auburn Tigers. Vince completed 25 of 47 passes for a 53.1 completion percentage. This was the best mark by an Auburn signal caller since All-American Travis Tidwell. Dooley was named to the Senior Bowl at the conclusion of the season and was invited to the annual Blue-Gray Game. He was named Offensive MVP after the Gator Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 63], "content_span": [64, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070499-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Auburn Tigers football team, Notable players, Ed Baker\nBig Ed was named team co-captain to the 1953 Auburn Tigers. He opened up running lanes for future All-SEC back Fob James and was voted the SEC's \"Best Offensive Center\" at the conclusion of the regular season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 59], "content_span": [60, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070500-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Auckland City mayoral election\nThe 1953 Auckland City mayoral election was part of the New Zealand local elections held that same year. In 1953, elections were held for the Mayor of Auckland plus other local government positions including twenty-one city councillors. The polling was conducted using the standard first-past-the-post electoral method.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070500-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Auckland City mayoral election, Background\nLong serving incumbent mayor John Allum was successfully challenged by former magistrate John Luxford. Allum was the first mayor in the 20th century who had stood for re-election unsuccessfully. Luxford was endorsed by the new United Independents electoral ticket who gained the balance of power between the Labour Party and Citizens & Ratepayers, costing the latter the majority they had held since 1938.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070500-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Auckland City mayoral election, Background\nA major talking point in the lead up to the election was the potential of a clash with the 1953 Royal Tour. There were proposals to postpone local elections until early 1954 over fears of reduced turnout due to a conflicted schedule. The proposals were considered by the Minister of Internal Affairs William Bodkin, who ultimately decided against it.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070501-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Australia rugby union tour of South Africa\nThe 1953 Australia rugby union tour of South Africa and Rhodesia was a series of 27 rugby union matches played by \"Wallabies\" in 1953, between June and October.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070501-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Australia rugby union tour of South Africa\nThe test series was won by the Springboks with three test wins to one.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070501-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Australia rugby union tour of South Africa, Touring party\nOf the team of 30 players, 25 were from Sydney; 1 from Newcastle \u2013 Cyril Burke; and 4 from Queensland \u2013 Tom Sweeney, Garth Jones, Gavan Horsley and Colin Forbes. The touring party consisted of:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 62], "content_span": [63, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070502-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Australian Championships\nThe 1953 Australian Championships was a tennis tournament that took place on outdoor Grass courts at the Kooyong Stadium in Melbourne, Australia from 9 January to 17 January. It was the 41st edition of the Australian Championships (now known as the Australian Open), the 12th held in Melbourne, and the first Grand Slam tournament of the year. American Maureen Connolly won the women's singles, the first step towards the first Grand Slam by a woman. Australian Ken Rosewall won the men's singles title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070502-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Australian Championships, Finals, Men's Doubles\nLew Hoad /  Ken Rosewall defeated  Don Candy /  Mervyn Rose 9\u201311, 6\u20134, 10\u20138, 6\u20134", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 52], "content_span": [53, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070502-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Australian Championships, Finals, Women's Doubles\nMaureen Connolly /  Julia Sampson defeated  Mary Bevis Hawton /  Beryl Penrose 6\u20134, 6\u20132", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 54], "content_span": [55, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070502-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Australian Championships, Finals, Mixed Doubles\nJulia Sampson /  Rex Hartwig defeated  Maureen Connolly /  Ham Richardson 6\u20134, 6\u20133", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 52], "content_span": [53, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070503-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Australian Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nThird-seeded Ken Rosewall defeated Mervyn Rose 6\u20130, 6\u20133, 6\u20134 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1953 Australian Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070503-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Australian Championships \u2013 Men's Singles, Seeds\nThe seeded players are listed below. Ken Rosewall is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 52], "content_span": [53, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070504-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Australian Championships \u2013 Women's Singles\nFirst-seeded Maureen Connolly defeated Julia Sampson 6-3, 6-2 in the final to win the women's singles tennis title at the 1953 Australian Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070504-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Australian Championships \u2013 Women's Singles, Seeds\nThe seeded players are listed below. Maureen Connolly is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 54], "content_span": [55, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070505-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Australian Grand Prix\nThe 1953 Australian Grand Prix was a Formula Libre motor race held at Albert Park Street Circuit, Victoria on 21 November 1953. The race, which had 40 starters, was held over 64 laps of the five kilometre circuit for a total of 322 kilometres. It was organised by the Light Car Club of Australia and Army Southern Command.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070505-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Australian Grand Prix\nIt was the eighteenth Australian Grand Prix. While much of the Grand Prix's history to this point had taken place on public road or street circuits, this was the first time it had been held on a circuit in a major population centre. The circuit was laid out on public roads surrounding the Albert Park Lake in inner Melbourne.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070505-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Australian Grand Prix\nThe race was won by Doug Whiteford, his third and final Australian Grand Prix victory, equalling the feat achieved by Bill Thompson in the 1930s. It was also the largest margin of victory in the race's history, Whiteford winning by six laps for a margin of 30 kilometres.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070506-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Australian Senate election\nHalf-senate elections were held in Australia on 9 May 1953. 32 of the seats in the Senate were up for election. This was the first time a Senate election had been held without an accompanying election of the House of Representatives. The two election cycles fell out of synchronisation after the 1951 double dissolution. While the term of the House was not due to expire until 1954, a Senate election was due by 1 July 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070506-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Australian Senate election\nAlthough the Australian Labor Party won a majority of the contested seats, the Liberal-Country Coalition retained a majority of the overall seats in the upper house.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070507-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Austrian legislative election\nThe elections to the Austrian National Council of 1953 were the first National Council elections after World War II in which the Socialist Party managed to gain a bare plurality of votes, the first time it had won the most votes in an election since 1920. However, the Austrian People's Party retained a one-seat plurality. The grand coalition between the two parties was continued with Julius Raab replacing Leopold Figl as Chancellor of Austria, who had had to resign after facing criticism from his own party, and Adolf Sch\u00e4rf of the Socialist Party remaining Vice Chancellor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 614]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070508-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Avro Lincoln shootdown incident\nThe 1953 Avro Lincoln shootdown incident was the shooting down of a British Avro Lincoln four-engined bomber which had intruded into East German airspace during a training mission on 12 March 1953. While the aircraft was flying on the Hamburg-Berlin air corridor over East Germany it was shot down by a MiG 15 Soviet fighter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070508-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Avro Lincoln shootdown incident, Incident\nThe Avro Lincoln was operated by the Central Gunnery School at RAF Leconfield and was on a routine long-distance training flight. The aircraft was intercepted by two Soviet MiG 15 fighters and after it failed to respond to challenges it was shot down by the fighters' 23\u00a0mm cannon. The Avro Lincoln crashed east of Boizenburg, on the border of the British and Soviet zones, impacting in a wood between Vierkrug and Horst in the Soviet Zone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 46], "content_span": [47, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070508-0001-0001", "contents": "1953 Avro Lincoln shootdown incident, Incident\nIt was initially reported that six of the seven crew had been killed and one wounded; the wounded airman was one of three who had bailed out, but later died in hospital. German civilians on the ground reported that two British airmen bailed out from the doomed aircraft, only to be strafed and killed by one of the MiG 15s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 46], "content_span": [47, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070508-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Avro Lincoln shootdown incident, Aftermath\nThe British government represented by the United Kingdom High Commissioner in Germany protested to the Soviet High Commissioner in Germany against the attack on a British aircraft and death of British servicemen. The Soviet news agency stated that the Lincoln had been flying over the German Democratic Republic and had failed to respond to lawful commands to land at the nearest airfield and had shot at the fighters. The British Foreign Secretary Anthony Eden described it as a \"barbaric\" act.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 47], "content_span": [48, 543]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070508-0002-0001", "contents": "1953 Avro Lincoln shootdown incident, Aftermath\nThe British Prime Minister Winston Churchill condemned the attack in a statement to parliament and emphasised the Avro Lincoln was not armed and within the agreed air corridor. British historian Richard Aldrich claims that while the bomber was not directly involved in airborne intelligence gathering,  \"its progress was being carefully tracked by a British 'sigint' unit on the ground at RAF Scharfoldendorf in the British Zone of Germany\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 47], "content_span": [48, 489]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070509-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 BYU Cougars football team\nThe 1953 BYU Cougars football team was an American football team that represented Brigham Young University in the Skyline Conference during the 1953 college football season. In their fifth season under head coach Chick Atkinson, the Cougars compiled a 2\u20137\u20131 record (1\u20135\u20131 against Skyline opponents), tied for seventh in the Skyline, and were outscored by a total of 228 to 172.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070509-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 BYU Cougars football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included LaVon Satterfield with 682 yards of total offense (114 rushing, 568 passing), Reed Stolworthy with 473 rushing yards, and Dick Felt with 30 points scored.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070510-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Ball State Cardinals football team\nThe 1953 Ball State Cardinals football team was an American football team that represented Ball State Teachers College (later renamed Ball State University) in the Indiana Collegiate Conference (ICC) during the 1953 college football season. In its first season under head coach George Serdula, the team compiled a 5\u20132\u20131 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070511-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Baltimore Colts season\nThe 1953 Baltimore Colts season was officially the first season for the team as a member club of the National Football League. The Colts had a record of 3 wins and 9 losses and finished fifth in the Western Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070511-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Baltimore Colts season\nIn January 1953, a Baltimore-based group led by Carroll Rosenbloom won the rights to a new Baltimore franchise. Rosenbloom was granted an NFL team, and awarded the holdings of the defunct Dallas Texans organization, the descendant of the last remaining Ohio League founding APFA member Dayton Triangles, who lasted only one season in Dallas. Amongst these assets and players were hall of famers Gino Marchetti and Art Donovan, the nucleus of the group of players that remained from the Texans and carried on the legacy of the original Triangles franchise.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070511-0001-0001", "contents": "1953 Baltimore Colts season\nDespite these definitive connections through the years, what was, and is still recognized as the new team was named the Colts after the unrelated previous team that folded following the 1950 season. The team kept the blue and white color scheme that the Triangles franchise had for much of its existence. Baltimore was without a team in 1951 and 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070511-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Baltimore Colts season\nThe 1953 Colts have the unusual distinction of having a losing record, despite having a league-leading 56 defensive takeaways. Baltimore had a winning record after five games, defeating neighbor Washington before a capacity crowd of over 34,000 at Memorial Stadium, then lost seven straight to finish the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070511-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Baltimore Colts season\nIn the season opener against the Chicago Bears on September 27, Colts' defensive back Bert Rechichar set an NFL record for the longest field goal (56 yards), breaking the previous unofficial record of 55 yards (set by drop kick by Paddy Driscoll in 1924). It stood for over seventeen years, until Tom Dempsey booted a 63-yarder in 1970.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070511-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Baltimore Colts season, Regular season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 54], "content_span": [55, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070512-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Barnsley by-election\nThe Barnsley by-election, 1953 was a by-election held on 31 March 1953 for the British House of Commons constituency of Barnsley in the West Riding of Yorkshire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070512-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Barnsley by-election\nThe seat had become vacant on the resignation of the Labour Member of Parliament (MP) Sidney Schofield, who had represented the constituency since the 1951 general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070512-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Barnsley by-election\nThe Labour candidate, Roy Mason, held the seat for his party with a slightly reduced majority. He went on to hold a series of cabinet posts in the Labour governments of the 1960s and 1970s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070513-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting\nElections to the Baseball Hall of Fame for 1953 followed a radically new procedure. The institution appointed its Committee on Baseball Veterans, the famous \"Veterans Committee\", to meet in person and consider pioneers and executives, managers, umpires, and earlier major league players. Committees in the 1930s and 1940s had chosen several pioneers and executives, but this was the first direction of anyone's attention to field personnel other than players, the managers and umpires.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 522]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070513-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting\nThe first Veterans Committee met in closed sessions and elected six people: Ed Barrow, Chief Bender, Tommy Connolly, Bill Klem, Bobby Wallace, and Harry Wright. The Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) voted by mail, per usual, to select from recent players and elected two, Dizzy Dean and Al Simmons. A formal induction ceremony was held in Cooperstown, New York, on July 27, 1953, with Commissioner of Baseball Ford Frick in attendance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070513-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, BBWAA election\nThe 10-year members of the BBWAA had the authority to select any players active in 1928 or later, provided they had not been active in 1952. Voters were instructed to cast votes for 10 candidates; any candidate receiving votes on at least 75% of the ballots would be honored with induction to the Hall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070513-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, BBWAA election\nA total of 264 ballots were cast in the Baseball Writers Election, with 2,525 individual votes for 83 specific candidates, an average of 9.56 per ballot; 198 votes were required for election. The two candidates who received at least 75% of the vote and were elected are indicated in bold italics; those candidates who were selected in subsequent elections are indicated in italics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070513-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, BBWAA election\nThe rules at the time indicated that players were eligible if they had been out of baseball for at least one season, so this was Joe DiMaggio's first season of eligibility, as he had retired after the 1951 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070513-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, Veterans Committee\nBy 1953, the Old-Timers Committee had not met for seven years (1946), and had only elected two players by mail, Mordecai Brown and Kid Nichols. They had not elected any non-players since the mass induction of 1945, and no players whose careers had begun before 1890 since the election of 1946.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 56], "content_span": [57, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070513-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, Veterans Committee\nIn response to this and the Old-Timers Committee members' increasing ages, a new \"Committee on Baseball Veterans\" (commonly known as the Veterans Committee) was created, consisting of:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 56], "content_span": [57, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070513-0007-0000", "contents": "1953 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, Veterans Committee\nThe first Veterans Committee met in closed sessions and elected six people: Ed Barrow, Chief Bender, Tommy Connolly, Bill Klem, Bobby Wallace, and Harry Wright. Afterwards, the Veterans Committee was limited to two selections per meeting. It was also decided in 1953 that the new Veterans Committee would meet only in odd-numbered years. On July 22, 1956, it was decided that the BBWAA would vote only in even-numbered years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 56], "content_span": [57, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070513-0008-0000", "contents": "1953 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, Veterans Committee\nOf the 11 members of the Veterans Committee, Charlie Gehringer had already been inducted in the Hall as a player in 1949; Branch Rickey would be inducted as an executive/pioneer in 1967, Will Harridge would be inducted as an executive in 1972, and Warren Giles would be inducted as an executive in 1979. Additionally, J. G. Taylor Spink (1962), Frank Graham (1971) and Warren Brown (1973) would be honored with the J. G. Taylor Spink Award.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 56], "content_span": [57, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070514-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Baylor Bears football team\nThe 1953 Baylor Bears football team represented Baylor University in the 1953 college football season. They finished with a 7-3 record in the Southwest Conference for the year. Tackle James Ray Smith was selected as an All American player; Cotton Davidson (Quarterback), Jerry Coody (Halfback) and  Smith were all selected All-Southwest Conference players.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070515-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Belgian Grand Prix\nThe 1953 Belgian Grand Prix was a Formula Two race held on 21 June 1953 at Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps. It was race 4 of 9 in the 1953 World Championship of Drivers, which was run to Formula Two rules in 1952 and 1953, rather than the Formula One regulations normally used. The 36-lap race was won by Ferrari driver Alberto Ascari after he started from second position. His teammate Luigi Villoresi finished second and Maserati driver Onofre Marim\u00f3n came in third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 489]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070515-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Belgian Grand Prix, Race report\nTwo weeks after the previous World Championship race, the Dutch Grand Prix, the teams headed to the Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps in Belgium. Ferrari were once again unchanged from the previous race, retaining the lineup of Alberto Ascari, Nino Farina, Luigi Villoresi and Mike Hawthorn, while there were also privateer Ferraris for Louis Rosier and the Ecurie Francorchamps duo of Jacques Swaters and Charles de Tornaco. The Maserati factory team added Johnny Claes and a third Argentine, Onofre Marim\u00f3n, to their lineup of Juan Manuel Fangio and Jos\u00e9 Froil\u00e1n Gonz\u00e1lez, while Felice Bonetto missed this race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 36], "content_span": [37, 645]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070515-0001-0001", "contents": "1953 Belgian Grand Prix, Race report\nToulo de Graffenried drove the only privateer Maserati at Spa. Jean Behra, whose injuries prevented his participation at Zandvoort, returned for Gordini alongside Maurice Trintignant, and the American pairing of Harry Schell and Fred Wacker, while HWM called on the services of Paul Fr\u00e8re (as they had done the previous year) in their third car in addition to regulars Peter Collins and Lance Macklin. The field was completed by several privateers\u2014Berger in a Simca-Gordini, Legat in a Veritas and Pilette in a Connaught.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 36], "content_span": [37, 558]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070515-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Belgian Grand Prix, Race report\nA record crowd of over 100,000 spectators crammed into the forest track to watch this dramatic race. The Maseratis were definitely capable of matching the Ferraris for sheer speed \u2013 Juan Manuel Fangio put in a record-shattering practice lap of 117\u00a0mph, breaking Ascari's run of five consecutive pole positions (excluding the Indianapolis 500). The defending World Champion had to settle for second place on the grid this time. The Maserati of Gonz\u00e1lez completed the front row, while row two consisted of the Ferraris of Farina and Villoresi.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 36], "content_span": [37, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070515-0002-0001", "contents": "1953 Belgian Grand Prix, Race report\nOn the third row were Marim\u00f3n in a Maserati, the remaining works Ferrari of Hawthorn, and Trintignant in the leading Gordini. Toulo de Graffenried, in his own Maserati, out-qualified the fourth works Maserati of Johnny Claes, with both starting from row four, while the remaining Gordinis were split between the fifth and sixth rows of the grid.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 36], "content_span": [37, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070515-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Belgian Grand Prix, Race report\nAt the flag, Fangio waved Gonz\u00e1lez past and stunned everyone with another blitzkrieg lap of 110\u00a0mph from a standing start. After 11 laps, Gonz\u00e1lez had pulled out a full minute's lead, but it had taken its toll on his engine which expired, leaving Fangio half a minute clear. On lap 13, it was the other Argentine's turn to fall prey to engine troubles and so Ascari inherited the lead, initially ahead of Farina, before his race was ended by engine problems, handing second place to Hawthorn, while Marim\u00f3n and Villoresi were third and fourth, respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 36], "content_span": [37, 594]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070515-0003-0001", "contents": "1953 Belgian Grand Prix, Race report\nEngine problems for Marim\u00f3n allowed Villoresi to move up to third on lap 28, and a fuel leak for Hawthorn meant that Villoresi inherited second place on the following lap. Shortly after his own car had retired, Fangio took over Claes's, and made something of a charge through the field: before Fangio retired on lap 14, Claes had been in ninth; by lap 30, Fangio had taken the car to third, behind only Ascari and Villoresi, who took another 1\u20132 victory. However, Fangio crashed heavily on the final lap of the race, giving his teammate Onofre Marim\u00f3n his first podium position in the process. The remaining points were taken by the privateer Maserati of de Graffenried and the Gordini of Trintignant, while Hawthorn, in sixth place, just missed out.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 36], "content_span": [37, 787]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070515-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Belgian Grand Prix, Race report\nAlberto Ascari, who had taken his ninth consecutive World Championship victory (ignoring the Indy 500), already had a large lead in the points standings. He was twelve points ahead of his teammate Villoresi, while Bill Vukovich, who won at Indianapolis, was third. Gonz\u00e1lez, who took the fastest lap point for this race, now had seven points, putting him eighteen points behind Ascari, and the remaining Ferraris of Farina and Hawthorn only had six points each.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 36], "content_span": [37, 498]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070516-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Bermondsey Borough election\nElections to Metropolitan Borough of Bermondsey were held in 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070516-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Bermondsey Borough election\nThe borough had 13 wards which returned between three and five members. Of the 13 wards four of the wards had all candidates elected unopposed. Labour won all the seats, the Conservatives only stood in five wards, the Liberal Party in three wards and an independent in one ward.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070517-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Big Ten Conference football season\nThe 1953 Big Ten Conference football season was the 58th season of college football played by the member schools of the Big Ten Conference (also known as the Western Conference) and was a part of the 1953 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070517-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Big Ten Conference football season\nThe 1953 Michigan State Spartans football team, under head coach Clarence Munn, won the Big Ten championship in the program's first year of participating in the Big Ten. The Spartans compiled a 9\u20131 record and was ranked No. 3 in the final AP and UPI polls. End Don Dohoney was a consensus first-team All-American. Halfback Leroy Bolden was selected as the team's most valuable player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070517-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Big Ten Conference football season\nThe 1953 Illinois Fighting Illini football team, under head coach Ray Eliot, finished in second place in the Big Ten with a 7\u20131\u20131, led the conference with 25.3 points allowed per game, and was ranked No. 7 in the final AP Poll. Halfback J. C. Caroline was a consensus first-team All-American.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070517-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Big Ten Conference football season\nMinnesota quarterback Paul Giel was a consensus first-team All-American and received the Chicago Tribune Silver Football trophy as the Big Ten's most valuable player for the second consecutive year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070517-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Results and team statistics\nKeyAP final = Team's rank in the final AP Poll of the 1953 seasonAP high = Team's highest rank in the AP Poll throughout the 1953 seasonPPG = Average of points scored per game; conference leader's average displayed in boldPAG = Average of points allowed per game; conference leader's average displayed in boldMVP = Most valuable player as voted by players on each team as part of the voting process to determine the winner of the Chicago Tribune Silver Football trophy; trophy winner in bold", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 85], "content_span": [86, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070517-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Bowl games\nOn January 1, 1954, Michigan State defeated the UCLA, 28\u201320, at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California. Michigan State halfback Billy Wells was named the Rose Bowl player of the game. The 1954 Rose Bowl had the first color television \"colorcast\", viewable on 200 sets across the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 68], "content_span": [69, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070517-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Post-season developments\nTwo Big Ten teams changed head coaches between the 1953 and 1954 seasons:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 82], "content_span": [83, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070517-0007-0000", "contents": "1953 Big Ten Conference football season, Awards and honors, All-Big Ten honors\nThe following players were picked by the Associated Press (AP)as first-team players on the 1953 All-Big Ten Conference football team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 78], "content_span": [79, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070517-0008-0000", "contents": "1953 Big Ten Conference football season, Awards and honors, All-American honors\nAt the end of the 1953 season, Big Ten players secured three of 11 consensus first-team picks for the 1953 College Football All-America Team. The Big Ten's consensus All-Americans were:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 79], "content_span": [80, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070517-0009-0000", "contents": "1953 Big Ten Conference football season, Awards and honors, All-American honors\nOther Big Ten players who were named first-team All-Americans by at least one selector were:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 79], "content_span": [80, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070517-0010-0000", "contents": "1953 Big Ten Conference football season, Awards and honors, Other awards\nThree Big Ten players finished among the top 10 in the voting for the 1953 Heisman Trophy: Minnesota running back Paul Giel (second); Wisconsin running back Alan Ameche (sixth); and Illinois running back J. C. Caroline (seventh).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 72], "content_span": [73, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070517-0011-0000", "contents": "1953 Big Ten Conference football season, 1954 NFL Draft\nThe following Big Ten players were among the first 100 picks in the 1954 NFL Draft:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 55], "content_span": [56, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070518-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Birmingham Edgbaston by-election\nThe Birmingham Edgbaston by-election was held on 2 July 1953. It was held when the incumbent Conservative MP, Peter Bennett was elevated to a hereditary peerage. It was won by the Conservative candidate Edith Pitt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070519-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Bolivian Primera Divisi\u00f3n\nThe 1953 Bolivian Primera Divisi\u00f3n, the first division of Bolivian football (soccer), was played by 8 teams. The champion was Bol\u00edvar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070520-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Boston College Eagles baseball team\nThe 1953 Boston College Eagles baseball team represented Boston College in the 1953 NCAA baseball season. The Eagles played their home games at Alumni Field. The team was coached by John Temple in his 4th year at Boston College.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070520-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Boston College Eagles baseball team\nThe Eagles won the District II Playoff to advanced to the College World Series, where they were defeated by the Lafayette Leopards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070521-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Boston College Eagles football team\nThe 1953 Boston College Eagles football team represented Boston College during the 1953 college football season. The Eagles were led by third-year head coach Mike Holovak and played their home games at Fenway Park in Boston, Massachusetts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070522-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Boston Red Sox season\nThe 1953 Boston Red Sox season was the 53rd season in the franchise's Major League Baseball history. The Red Sox finished fourth in the American League (AL) with a record of 84 wins and 69 losses, 16 games behind the New York Yankees, who went on to win the 1953 World Series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070522-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 71], "content_span": [72, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070522-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 64], "content_span": [65, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070522-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070522-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 66], "content_span": [67, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070522-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 67], "content_span": [68, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070523-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Boston University Terriers football team\nThe 1953 Boston University Terriers football team was an American football team that represented Boston University as an independent during the 1953 college football season. In its seventh season under head coach Aldo Donelli, the team compiled a 5\u20133\u20131 record and outscored by their opponents by a total of 224 to 135.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070524-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Bowling Green Falcons football team\nThe 1953 Bowling Green Falcons football team was an American football team that represented Bowling Green State University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1953 college football season. In their 13th season under head coach Bob Whittaker, the Falcons compiled a 1\u20138 record (0\u20134 against MAC opponents), finished in last place in the MAC, and were outscored by all opponents by a combined total of 252 to 119.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070524-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Bowling Green Falcons football team\nThe team's statistical leaders were Bill Bradshaw with 865 passing yards and 236 rushing yards, and Jim Ladd with 473 receiving yards. Ladd was also the team captain. Bill Bradshaw received the team's Most Valuable Player award.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070525-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 British Columbia general election\nThe 1953 British Columbia general election was the 24th general election in the Province of British Columbia, Canada. It was held to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. The election was called on April 10, 1953, and held on June 9, 1953. The new legislature met for the first time on September 15, 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070525-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 British Columbia general election\nThe minority government formed in 1952 by the conservative Social Credit party of Premier W.A.C. Bennett lasted only nine months before new elections were called. Social Credit was re-elected with a majority in the legislature to a second term in government with almost 38% of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070525-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 British Columbia general election\nThe social democratic Co-operative Commonwealth Federation formed the official opposition with the only significant opposition caucus (14 seats).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070525-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 British Columbia general election\nThe British Columbia Liberal Party lost two of its six seats despite maintaining its 23% share of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070525-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 British Columbia general election\nThe Progressive Conservative Party lost three of its four seats in the legislature, as its share of the popular vote fell from almost 17% to under 6%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070525-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 British Columbia general election, Results\n* Party did not nominate candidates in the previous election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 47], "content_span": [48, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070526-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 British Grand Prix\nThe 1953 British Grand Prix was a Formula Two motor race held on 18 July 1953 at Silverstone Circuit. It was race 6 of 9 in the 1953 World Championship of Drivers, which was run to Formula Two rules in 1952 and 1953, rather than the Formula One regulations normally used. The 90-lap race was won by Ferrari driver Alberto Ascari after he started from pole position. Juan Manuel Fangio finished second for the Maserati team and Ascari's teammate Nino Farina came in third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070526-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 British Grand Prix, Background\nThe Ferrari and Maserati lineup was unchanged from the French Grand Prix. Initially three Cooper Mk IIs were entered for Peter Whitehead, Tony Crook and Stirling Moss. However, due to Moss's retirement at the French Grand Prix his car had to be withdrawn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070527-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 British Guiana general election\nGeneral elections were held in British Guiana on 27 April 1953. They were the first held under universal suffrage and resulted in a victory for the People's Progressive Party (PPP), which won 18 of the 24 seats in the new House of Assembly. Its leader, Cheddi Jagan, became Prime Minister.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070527-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 British Guiana general election, Electoral system\nConstitutional reforms as a result of the Waddington Commission had led to the creation of the House of Assembly to replace the Legislative Council. The new House had 28 members; 24 members elected in single member constituencies, a speaker appointed by the Governor and three ex officio members (the Chief Secretary, the Attorney General and the Financial Secretary).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 54], "content_span": [55, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070527-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 British Guiana general election, Campaign\nThe PPP ran candidates in 22 of the 24 constituencies, failing to contest the two interior constituencies due to a lack of money. The National Democratic Party contested 15 constituencies and the People's National Party eight. A total of 85 independents, including four United Guiana Party candidates, also contested the elections. The United Workers and Farmers Party did run as a party, but contested some seats as independents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 46], "content_span": [47, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070527-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 British Guiana general election, Aftermath\nAfter assuming power Jagan embarked on implementing a series of policies that involved radical social reform, mainly directed at the colonial oligarchy. The British colonial authorities sent in troops in response to the alleged threat of a Marxist revolution. Governor Alfred Savage suspended the constitution in October (only 133 days after it had come into force) and set up a transitional government of conservative politicians, businessmen and civil servants.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 47], "content_span": [48, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070527-0003-0001", "contents": "1953 British Guiana general election, Aftermath\nWriting in The Guardian in 2020, Gaiutra Bahadur said that \"the overthrow of Guyana\u2019s ruling party by colonial forces fomented a racial divide that continues to blight its politics\", saying that there was a greater crackdown on the Afro-Guyanese than on the Indo-Guyanese, in a deliberate and successful attempt to divide the PPP.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 47], "content_span": [48, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070528-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 British Mount Everest expedition\nThe 1953 British Mount Everest expedition was the ninth mountaineering expedition to attempt the first ascent of Mount Everest, and the first confirmed to have succeeded when Tenzing Norgay and Edmund Hillary reached the summit on 29 May 1953. Led by Colonel John Hunt, it was organised and financed by the Joint Himalayan Committee. News of the expedition's success reached London in time to be released on the morning of Queen Elizabeth II's coronation, on the 2nd of June that year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070528-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 British Mount Everest expedition, Background\nIdentified as the highest mountain in the world during the 1850s,Everest became a subject of interest during the Golden age of alpinism, although its height made it questionable if it could ever be climbed. In 1885, Clinton Thomas Dent's Above the Snow Line suggested that an ascent might be possible. Practical considerations (and World War I) prevented significant approaches until the 1920s. George Mallory is quoted as having said he wanted to climb Everest \"Because it's there\", a phrase that has been called \"the most famous three words in mountaineering\". Mallory famously disappeared on Everest during the 1924 British Mount Everest expedition and his fate remained a mystery for 75 years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 747]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070528-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 British Mount Everest expedition, Background\nMost early attempts on Everest were made from the north (Tibetan) side, but the Chinese Revolution of 1949, and the subsequent annexation of Tibet led to the closure of that route. Climbers began to look at an approach from the Nepalese side. The 1952 Swiss Mount Everest Expedition, climbing from Nepal, reached an elevation of about 8,595\u00a0m (28,199\u00a0ft) on the southeast ridge, setting a new climbing altitude record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070528-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 British Mount Everest expedition, Background, Leadership, preparations and training\nJohn Hunt, a British Army Colonel, was serving on the staff at Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe when to his surprise he was invited by the Joint Himalayan Committee of the Alpine Club and the Royal Geographical Society to lead the British Everest expedition of 1953. Eric Shipton had been widely expected to be the leader, because he had led the Mount Everest reconnaissance expedition from Nepal in 1951, as well as the unsuccessful Cho Oyu expedition in 1952, from which expedition most of the climbers selected had been drawn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 88], "content_span": [89, 627]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070528-0003-0001", "contents": "1953 British Mount Everest expedition, Background, Leadership, preparations and training\nHowever, the committee had decided that Hunt's experience of military leadership, together with his credentials as a climber, would provide the best chance for expedition to succeed. The British felt under particular pressure, as the French had received permission to mount a similar expedition in 1954, and the Swiss another in 1955, meaning that the British would not have another chance at Everest until 1956 or later. As Shipton wrote of his position presented to the Committee on 28 July 1952: \"My well-known dislike of large expeditions and my abhorrence of a competitive element in mountaineering might well seem out of place in the present situation.\" This statement, according to George Band, \"sealed his own fate\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 88], "content_span": [89, 813]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070528-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 British Mount Everest expedition, Background, Leadership, preparations and training\nSeveral members of the British expedition had a strong loyalty to Shipton and were unhappy that he had been replaced. Charles Evans, for instance, stated, \"It was said that Shipton lacked the killer instinct \u2013 not a bad thing to lack in my view.\" Edmund Hillary was among those most opposed to the change, but he was won over by Hunt's personality and by his admission that the change had been badly handled. George Band recalls Committee member Larry Kirwan, the Director/Secretary of the Royal Geographical Society, saying that \"they had made the right decision but in the worst possible way\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 88], "content_span": [89, 684]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070528-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 British Mount Everest expedition, Background, Leadership, preparations and training\nHunt later wrote that the Joint Himalayan Committee had found the task of raising funds for the expedition challenging:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 88], "content_span": [89, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070528-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 British Mount Everest expedition, Background, Leadership, preparations and training\nOne of the principal tasks of the Joint Himalayan Committee in addition to those of conceiving the idea of an Everest expedition, seeking political sanction, deciding matters of policy in preparation, is to finance it. Only those who have had this care can fully appreciate the work and anxiety of raising very substantial funds for an enterprise of this nature, coloured as it inevitably is in the mind of the public by a succession of failures, with no financial security other than the pockets of the Committee members themselves.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 88], "content_span": [89, 622]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070528-0007-0000", "contents": "1953 British Mount Everest expedition, Background, Leadership, preparations and training\nInitial training took place in Snowdonia in Wales during the winter. The Pen-y-Gwryd hotel was used as a base camp, and the team furthered their mountaineering skills on the slopes of Snowdon and the Glyderau. Testing of the oxygen equipment took place at the Climbers Club Hut at Helyg near Capel Curig.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 88], "content_span": [89, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070528-0008-0000", "contents": "1953 British Mount Everest expedition, Background, Leadership, preparations and training\nThe party departed for Nepal from Tilbury, Essex, England aboard the S.S. Stratheden bound for Bombay on 12 February, bar Tom Bourdillon, Dr Griffith Pugh, and Hunt, who was ill with an antrum infection. Evans and Alfred Gregory had flown on ahead to Kathmandu on 20 February, as the Advance Party. Hillary and Lowe approached Nepal from New Zealand, Lowe by sea and Hillary by air, as his \"bees were in a busy state at that time of year\". Although a sea passage was cheaper, Hunt stated that the main reason for choosing it over an air journey was \"the further chance which life in a ship would provide for us to settle down as a team in ideal conditions, accompanied by no discomfort, urgency or stress\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 88], "content_span": [89, 795]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070528-0009-0000", "contents": "1953 British Mount Everest expedition, Background, Leadership, preparations and training\nIn Kathmandu, the party was looked after by the British ambassador, Christopher Summerhayes, who arranged rooms with embassy staff, there being no hotels in Kathmandu at the time. In early March twenty Sherpas, who had been chosen by the Himalayan Club, arrived in Kathmandu to help carry loads to the Western Cwm and the South Col. They were led by their Sirdar, Tenzing Norgay, who was attempting Everest for the sixth time and was, according to Band, \"the best-known Sherpa climber and a mountaineer of world standing\". Although Tenzing was offered a bed in the embassy, the remaining Sherpas were expected to sleep on the floor of the embassy garage; they urinated in front of the embassy the following day in protest at the lack of respect they had been shown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 88], "content_span": [89, 854]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070528-0010-0000", "contents": "1953 British Mount Everest expedition, Expedition\nThe first party, together with 150 porters, left Kathmandu for Mount Everest on 10 March, followed by the second party and 200 porters on 11 March. They reached Thyangboche on 26 and 27 March respectively, and between 26 March and 17 April engaged in altitude acclimation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070528-0011-0000", "contents": "1953 British Mount Everest expedition, Expedition\nHunt planned for three assaults of two climbers each including \"a third and last attempt\" if necessary, although after two consecutive assaults; a wait for some days would be necessary to \"recover our strength\" and to replenish the camps. The plan for the first two assaults had been announced by Hunt on 7 May. The first assault party using closed-circuit oxygen equipment was to start from Camp VIII and aim to reach the South Summit (and if possible the Summit), composed of Tom Bourdillon and Charles Evans as only Bourdillon could cope with the experimental sets. The second assault party using open-circuit oxygen equipment was to be the strongest climbing pair, Ed Hillary and Tenzing Norgay; to start from Camp IX higher on the South Col. The third assault party would have been Wilf Noyce and Mike Ward.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 862]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070528-0012-0000", "contents": "1953 British Mount Everest expedition, Expedition\nIf the (spring) expedition failed a post-monsoon autumn attempt would be undertaken (as the Swiss had done in 1952 \u2013 permission was for the whole year; although the Swiss arrived too late).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070528-0013-0000", "contents": "1953 British Mount Everest expedition, Expedition, Base camp\nThe \"Icefall party\" reached Base Camp at 17,900 ft (5455 m) on 12 April 1953. A few days were then taken up, as planned, in establishing a route through the Khumbu Icefall, and once this had been opened teams of Sherpas moved tonnes of supplies up to Base.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 60], "content_span": [61, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070528-0014-0000", "contents": "1953 British Mount Everest expedition, Expedition, Assault on the summit\nA series of advanced camps were created, slowly reaching higher up the mountain. Camp II at 19,400 feet (5,900\u00a0m) was established by Hillary, Band and Lowe on 15 April, Camp III at the head of the Icefall at 20,200 feet (6,200\u00a0m) on 22 April, and Camp IV the Advance Base at 21,000 feet (6,400\u00a0m) by Hunt, Bourdillon and Evans on 1 May. These three made a preliminary reconnaissance of the Lhotse Face on 2 May, and Camp V at 22,000 feet (6,700\u00a0m) was established on 3 May.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 72], "content_span": [73, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070528-0014-0001", "contents": "1953 British Mount Everest expedition, Expedition, Assault on the summit\nOn 4 May, Bourdillon and Evans, supported by Ward and Wylie, reached Camp VI at 23,000 feet (7,000\u00a0m) on the Lhotse Face, and just under a fortnight later on 17 May, Wilfrid Noyce and Lowe established Camp VII at 24,000 feet (7,300\u00a0m). By 21 May, Noyce and the Sherpa Annullu (the younger brother of Da Tenzing) had reached the South Col, just under 26,000 feet (7,900\u00a0m).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 72], "content_span": [73, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070528-0015-0000", "contents": "1953 British Mount Everest expedition, Expedition, Assault on the summit\nThe first of two climbing pairs previously selected by Hunt, Tom Bourdillon and Charles Evans, set out for the summit on 26 May. They successfully made the first ascent of the 8,750\u00a0m (28,700\u00a0ft) South Summit at 1\u00a0pm, coming within 100\u00a0m (300\u00a0ft) of the final summit. They could see that between the South Summit and the Summit was a thin crest of snow and ice on rock, with a rock step (the Hillary Step).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 72], "content_span": [73, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070528-0015-0001", "contents": "1953 British Mount Everest expedition, Expedition, Assault on the summit\nBefore starting Evans had a problem with a damaged valve in his oxygen set which took over an hour to fix; then they climbed at the unprecedented rate of almost 1,000 feet (300\u00a0m) per hour. At 28,000 feet (8,500\u00a0m) feet when they changed soda lime canisters, Evans' set had another problem which Bourdillon could not fix; Evans kept going but his breathing was painfully laboured. They reached the South Summit at 1\u00a0pm (at that time the highest summit climbed), but were forced to turn back at 1.20\u00a0pm after becoming exhausted, defeated by problems with the closed-circuit oxygen sets and lack of time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 72], "content_span": [73, 675]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070528-0016-0000", "contents": "1953 British Mount Everest expedition, Expedition, Assault on the summit\nOn 27 May, the expedition made its second assault on the summit with the second climbing pair, the New Zealander Edmund Hillary and Sherpa Tenzing Norgay from Nepal. Norgay had previously ascended to a record high point on Everest as a member of the Swiss expedition of 1952. They left Camp IX at 6.30\u00a0am, reached the South Summit at 9\u00a0am, and reached the summit at 11:30\u00a0am on 29 May 1953, climbing the South Col route.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 72], "content_span": [73, 493]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070528-0016-0001", "contents": "1953 British Mount Everest expedition, Expedition, Assault on the summit\nBefore descending, they remained at the summit long enough to take photographs and to bury some sweets and a small cross in the snow. They were using open-circuit oxygen sets; after ten minutes taking photographs on the summit without his oxygen set on, Hillary said he \"was becoming rather clumsy-fingered and slow-moving\". On returning from the summit, Hillary's first words to George Lowe were \"Well, George, we knocked the bastard off\". Stobart got the descending party to give no indication to those like Hunt and Westmacott waiting  an agony of suspense at Advance Base (Camp IV) that Hillary and Tenzing had succeeded until they were close enough for Stobart to catch the emotion of the moment on film.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 72], "content_span": [73, 782]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070528-0017-0000", "contents": "1953 British Mount Everest expedition, Expedition, News event\nJames Morris, the correspondent on the spot of The Times newspaper, heard the news at Base Camp on 30 May and sent a coded message by runner to Namche Bazaar, where a wireless transmitter was used to forward it as a telegram to the British Embassy in Kathmandu. Morris' encoded message to his paper read: \"Snow conditions bad stop advanced base abandoned yesterday stop awaiting improvement\". \"Snow conditions bad\" was the agreed code to signify that the summit had been reached; \"advance base abandoned\" referred to Hillary and \"awaiting improvement\" referred to Tenzing. The message was received and understood in London in time for the news to be released, by coincidence, on the morning of Queen Elizabeth II's coronation on 2 June. The conquest of Everest was probably the last major news item to be delivered to the world by runner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 61], "content_span": [62, 900]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070528-0018-0000", "contents": "1953 British Mount Everest expedition, Aftermath\nReturning to Kathmandu a few days later, the expedition learned that Hillary had already been appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of British Empire and Hunt a Knight Bachelor for their efforts. On 22 June, the Government of Nepal gave a reception for the members of the expedition at which the senior queen of the country presented Tenzing with a purse of ten thousand rupees, which was then about \u00a3500. Hillary and Hunt were given kukris in jewelled sheaths, while the other members received jewelled caskets.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 48], "content_span": [49, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070528-0018-0001", "contents": "1953 British Mount Everest expedition, Aftermath\nThe same day, the Indian government announced the creation of a new Gold Medal, an award for civilian gallantry modelled on the George Medal, of which Hunt, Hillary and Tenzing would be the first recipients. On 7 June it was announced that Queen Elizabeth II wished to recognise the achievement of Tenzing, and on 1 July, 10 Downing Street announced that following consultation with the governments of India and Nepal the Queen had approved the award of the George Medal to him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 48], "content_span": [49, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070528-0018-0002", "contents": "1953 British Mount Everest expedition, Aftermath\nSome commentators have seen this lesser honour as a reflection of the \"petty bigotry\" that men such as Norgay experienced during this period, although many other Indians and Nepalis had previously received knighthoods and it has been suggested that the Indian prime minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, refused permission for Norgay to be knighted. Hunt received his knighthood in July 1953, on his return to London.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 48], "content_span": [49, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070528-0019-0000", "contents": "1953 British Mount Everest expedition, Aftermath\nFurther honours continued to descend on the members of the expedition: the Hubbard Medal of the National Geographic Society, which had never before been awarded on a team basis, although individual medals were struck in bronze for Hunt, Hillary and Tenzing; the Cullum Geographical Medal of the American Geographical Society, the Founder's Medal of the Royal Geographical Society; the Lawrence Medal of the Royal Central Asian Society; and honorary degrees from the universities of Aberdeen, Durham, and London. In the New Year Honours list of 1954, George Lowe was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire for his membership of the expedition; the 37 team members also received the Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal with MOUNT EVEREST EXPEDITION engraved on the rim.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 48], "content_span": [49, 834]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070528-0020-0000", "contents": "1953 British Mount Everest expedition, Aftermath\nThe expedition's cameraman, Tom Stobart, produced a film called The Conquest of Everest, which appeared later in 1953  and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 48], "content_span": [49, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070528-0021-0000", "contents": "1953 British Mount Everest expedition, Aftermath\nAlthough Hillary and Tenzing represented their triumph as belonging to a team effort by the whole of the expedition, there was intense speculation as to which of the two men had actually been first to set foot on the summit of Everest. In Kathmandu, a large banner depicted Tenzing pulling a \"semi-conscious\" Hillary to the summit. Tenzing eventually ended the speculation by revealing in his 1955 (ghost-written) autobiography Man of Everest that Hillary was first. After this Hillary himself wrote that following his ascent of the 40-foot Hillary Step, lying just below the summit:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 48], "content_span": [49, 632]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070528-0022-0000", "contents": "1953 British Mount Everest expedition, Aftermath\nI continued on, cutting steadily and surmounting bump after bump and cornice after cornice looking eagerly for the summit. It seemed impossible to pick it and time was running out. Finally I cut around the back of an extra large lump and then on a tight rope from Tenzing I climbed up a gentle snow ridge to its top. Immediately it was obvious that we had reached our objective. It was 11.30 a.m. and we were on top of Everest!", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 48], "content_span": [49, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070528-0023-0000", "contents": "1953 British Mount Everest expedition, Aftermath\nShipton commented on the successful ascent: \"Thank goodness. Now we can get on with some proper climbing.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 48], "content_span": [49, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070528-0024-0000", "contents": "1953 British Mount Everest expedition, Expedition participants\nThe expedition participants were selected for their mountaineering qualifications and also for their expertise in providing a number of other necessary skills and support services. While most were from the United Kingdom itself, they were also drawn from other countries of the British Empire and Commonwealth of Nations. The leader, Hunt, had been born in India.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 62], "content_span": [63, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070528-0025-0000", "contents": "1953 British Mount Everest expedition, Expedition participants\nThe mountaineers were accompanied by Jan Morris (known at the time under the name of James Morris), the correspondent of The Times newspaper of London, and by 362 porters, so that the expedition in the end amounted to over four hundred men, including twenty Sherpa guides from Tibet and Nepal, with a total weight of ten thousand pounds of baggage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 62], "content_span": [63, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070529-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Brooklyn Dodgers season\nThe 1953 Brooklyn Dodgers repeated as National League champions by posting a 105\u201349 record. However, Brooklyn again failed to capture the World Series, losing in six games to the American League champion New York Yankees.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070529-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Brooklyn Dodgers season\nThe Dodgers' .682 winning percentage in 1953 stood as the best single-season winning percentage in franchise history until 2020, when the Dodgers posted a .717 mark (43\u201317) during a shortened 60-game season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070529-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 73], "content_span": [74, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070529-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070529-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070529-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 68], "content_span": [69, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070529-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 69], "content_span": [70, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070529-0007-0000", "contents": "1953 Brooklyn Dodgers season, 1953 World Series, Game 3\nOctober 2, 1953, at Ebbets Field in Brooklyn, New York", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 55], "content_span": [56, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070529-0008-0000", "contents": "1953 Brooklyn Dodgers season, 1953 World Series, Game 4\nOctober 3, 1953, at Ebbets Field in Brooklyn, New York", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 55], "content_span": [56, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070529-0009-0000", "contents": "1953 Brooklyn Dodgers season, 1953 World Series, Game 5\nOctober 4, 1953, at Ebbets Field in Brooklyn, New York", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 55], "content_span": [56, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070530-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Brown Bears football team\nThe 1953 Brown Bears football team was an American football team that represented Brown University as an independent during the 1953 college football season. In their third season under head coach Alva Kelley, the Bears compiled a 3\u20135\u20131 record, but outscored their opponents 134 to 127. G.E. Haverty was the team captain. Brown played its home games at Brown Stadium in Providence, Rhode Island.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070531-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Brownlow Medal\nThe 1953 Brownlow Medal was the 26th year the award was presented to the player adjudged the fairest and best player during the Victorian Football League (VFL) home and away season. Bill Hutchison of the Essendon Football Club won the medal by polling twenty-six votes during the 1953 VFL season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070532-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Broxtowe by-election\nThe Broxtowe by-election was held on 17 September 1953. It was held due to the death of the incumbent Labour MP Seymour Cocks. It was won by the Labour candidate William Warbey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070533-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Bucknell Bison football team\nThe 1953 Bucknell Bison football team was an American football team that represented Bucknell University as an independent during the 1953 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070533-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Bucknell Bison football team\nIn its seventh season under head coach Harry Lawrence, the team compiled a 1\u20138 record. Paul Ganz, Bill Gray and Jim Egloff were the team captains.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070533-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Bucknell Bison football team\nThe team played its home games at Memorial Stadium on the university campus in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070534-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Buenos Aires Grand Prix\nResults from the 1953 Formula Libre Buenos Aires Grand Prix, held on February 1, 1953, at the Aut\u00f3dromo Juan y \u00d3scar G\u00e1lvez in Buenos Aires.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070535-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Buffalo Bulls football team\nThe 1953 Buffalo Bulls football team was an American football team that represented the University of Buffalo as an independent during the 1953 college football season. In its second season under head coach Fritz Febel, the team compiled a 1\u20135\u20131 record. The team played its home games at Civic Stadium in Buffalo, New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070536-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Bulgarian Cup\nThe 1953 Bulgarian Cup was the 13th season of the Bulgarian Cup (in this period the tournament was named Cup of the Soviet Army). Lokomotiv Sofia won the competition, beating Levski Sofia 2\u20131 in the final at the Vasil Levski National Stadium in Sofia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070537-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Bulgarian Cup Final\nThe 1953 Bulgarian Cup Final was the 13th final of the Bulgarian Cup (in this period the tournament was named Cup of the Soviet Army), and was contested between Lokomotiv Sofia and Levski Sofia on 25 November 1953 at Vasil Levski National Stadium in Sofia. Lokomotiv won the final 2\u20131, claiming their second national cup title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070538-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Bulgarian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Bulgaria on 20 December 1953. Voters were presented with a single list from the Fatherland Front, dominated by the Bulgarian Communist Party. As the Fatherland Front was the only organisation to contest the election and all candidate lists had to be approved by the Front (per an electoral law adopted in 1953), voters only had the option of voting for or against the Front list. Only 0.2% of vote were cast against the Front. Voter turnout was reportedly 99.5%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070539-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 CCCF Championship\nThe 1953 CCCF Championship was a tournament sanctioned by the Confederacion Centroamericana y del Caribe de Futbol (Football Confederation of Central America and the Caribbean), the governing body of football (soccer) in Central America and the nations in the Caribbean prior to 1961, when it was replaced by CONCACAF.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070539-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 CCCF Championship\nFollowing are the results of the Final Group of the 1953 CCCF Championship, which was hosted by Costa Rica.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070540-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Cal Aggies football team\nThe 1953 Cal Aggies football team represented the Northern Branch of the College of Agriculture in the 1953 college football season. The team was known as either the Cal Aggies or California Aggies, and competed in the Far Western Conference (FWC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070540-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Cal Aggies football team\nThe Aggies were led by fifth-year head coach Ted Forbes. They played home games at Aggie Field. The Aggies finished the season with a record of one win, six losses and one tie (1\u20136\u20131, 0\u20131\u20131 FWC). They were outscored by their opponents 71\u2013147 for the 1953 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070540-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Cal Aggies football team, NFL Draft\nNo Cal Aggies players were selected in the 1954 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 40], "content_span": [41, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070541-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Cal Poly Mustangs football team\nThe 1953 Cal Poly Mustangs football team represented California Polytechnic State University during the 1953 college football season. Cal Poly competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070541-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Cal Poly Mustangs football team\nThe team was led by fourth-year head coach LeRoy Hughes and played home games at Mustang Stadium in San Luis Obispo, California. They finished the season as champions of the CCAA for the second straight year, undefeated, with a record of nine wins and zero losses (9\u20130, 5\u20130 CCAA). The Mustangs were dominant in every game, scoring 395 points while giving up only 65 in the 1953 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070542-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Cal Poly San Dimas Broncos football team\nThe 1953 Cal Poly San Dimas Broncos football team represented Cal Poly Voorhis Unit during the 1953 college football season. Cal Poly played as an independent in 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070542-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Cal Poly San Dimas Broncos football team\nCal Poly San Dimas was led by first-year head coach Staley Pitts. The Broncos finished the season with a record of two wins and six losses (2\u20136). Overall, the team was outscored by its opponents 71\u2013179 for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070542-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Cal Poly San Dimas Broncos football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Cal Poly San Dimas players were selected in the 1954 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 70], "content_span": [71, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070543-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Calcutta South East by-election\nIn 1953, a by-election was held for the Calcutta South East seat in the Lok Sabha (Lower House of the Parliament of India). The by-election was called after the death of the incumbent parliamentarian from Calcutta South East, Dr. Syama Prasad Mukherjee. The election saw the internationally renowned barrister Radhabinod Pal defeated by a young communist barrister Sadhan Gupta.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070543-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Calcutta South East by-election, Background\nIn the 1951\u20131952 Indian parliamentary election the Calcutta South East seat had been won by the Bharatiya Jan Sangh leader Dr. Syama Prasad Mukherjee. But a by-election was called in 1953 to fill the vacancy after Mukherjee died. Mukherjee, a right-wing nationalist hardliner on the Kashmir conflict, had been detained in June 1953 whilst trying to enter Kashmir. Whilst detained he suffered a heart attack and died.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 465]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070543-0001-0001", "contents": "1953 Calcutta South East by-election, Background\nDue to the dramatic circumstances of Mukherjee's death and the complexity of the Calcutta politics (whilst the constituency was seen as a Congress stronghold it had also elected a Bharatiya Jan Sabha MP as well as communist members of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly) the by-poll caught attention in national politics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070543-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Calcutta South East by-election, Candidates\nFour candidates contested the by-poll, all fielded by national political parties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070543-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Calcutta South East by-election, Candidates, Indian National Congress\nAhead of the by-poll, the Indian National Congress contacted Radhabinod Pal to convince him to stand as their candidate. Notably Pal had been a long-time associate of Mukherjee and sharp critic of the Congress Party. Reportedly, Pal initially rejected the offer but was later convinced. Pal's conditions for accepting the candidacy included a promise that Pal neither would have to campaign for himself in any major extent nor spend any money of his own on the campaign. Pal, who was a prominent jurist, served in the International Military Tribunal for the Far East and was in Japan between 26 September and 7 November 1953. Considering Pal's recognition as a jurist, the newspaper Ananda Bazaar Patrika expected that Pal would emerge victorious in the by-poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 74], "content_span": [75, 837]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070543-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Calcutta South East by-election, Candidates, Communist Party of India\nPal's main challenger was another barrister. Whilst Pal was a senior jurist with international recognition, his opponent was a young lawyer linked to the labour movement. Sadhan Gupta had positioned himself in the legal community through the 1945 case \"Emperor vs Shibnath Banerjee\" and represented many persons affected by preventive detentions. Gupta, who was blind, stood on a Communist Party of India ticket. His father was a member of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly at the time, representing the Indian National Congress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 74], "content_span": [75, 607]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070543-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Calcutta South East by-election, Candidates, Communist Party of India\nThe CPI election campaign highlighted Pal's sudden shift in political affiliation, reminding voters that Pal used to be an opponent of the Congress government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 74], "content_span": [75, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070543-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 Calcutta South East by-election, Candidates, Bharatiya Jan Sangh\nDr. Mukherjee's party fielded Jasho Prakash Mitter as its candidate. A Bengali Hindu refugee from the Partition of India, Mitter was a prominent barrister in Calcutta. He had represented the British Crown in the 1930s Meerut Conspiracy Case. He had also defended accused at the Red Fort trial. At the time of the by-poll Mitter was the president of the Council for the Protection of the Rights of Minorities, a body with links to the Hindu Mahasabha. The organisation called for carving out a separate territory for Hindus in East Pakistan and was organising a paramilitary body amongst Hindu refugees.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 69], "content_span": [70, 672]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070543-0007-0000", "contents": "1953 Calcutta South East by-election, Candidates, Forward Bloc (Marxist Group)\nAnother party in the fray was the Forward Bloc (Marxist Group). The FB(MG) candidate Dr. Bhupal Bose was supported by sectors of the non-communist left. Bose was a veteran revolutionary leader and former prisoner at the Andaman jail. However, within the FB(MG) there was a sector (including leaders such as Satyapriya Banerjee, Amar Bose, Suhrid Mallick Chowdhury and Ram Chatterjee) that argued in favour of support to the CPI candidate. During the election campaign they worked for the CPI candidate rather than the one nominated by the FB(MG). The by-poll provoked a split in the party as the Working Committee of the party expelled the pro-communist group. The expelled group later formed the Marxist Forward Bloc in April the following year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 78], "content_span": [79, 825]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070543-0008-0000", "contents": "1953 Calcutta South East by-election, Results\nThe vote was held on 22 November 1953. A by-election was held on the same day in another West Bengal Lok Sabha seat, Nabadwip. The result from the Calcutta South East by-poll was published on 27 November 1953. Gupta won the election, having received 58,211 votes (58.21%). Pal finished in second place with 36,319 votes (36.31%), J.P. Mitter of Bharatiya Jan Sangh obtained 5,431 votes (5.43%) and Bhupal Bose of the Forward Bloc (Marxist Group) got 5,415 votes (5.41%). Bose and Mitter forfeited their deposits.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 45], "content_span": [46, 558]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070544-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Calgary Stampeders season\nThe 1953 Calgary Stampeders finished in 4th place in the W.I.F.U. with a 3\u201312\u20131 record and failed to make the playoffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070545-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 California Golden Bears football team\nThe 1953 California Golden Bears football team was an American football team that represented the University of California, Berkeley during the 1953 college football season. Under head coach Pappy Waldorf, the team compiled an overall record of 4\u20134\u20132 and 2\u20132\u20132 in conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070545-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 California Golden Bears football team\nThe 1953 season is partially associated with a recruiting scandal involving star freshman quarterback Ronnie Knox. In order to have Knox enroll at the university, the California football booster club promised him that Knox's step father to be hired as a scout, his high school coach would be hired as an assistant coach, and that Knox himself would be given a job writing for a local newspaper and also be paid $500 per year by the booster club. Knox enrolled at Cal but California's administration found out and made sure that the benefits would not be provided. After one year at Cal, Knox transferred to University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 695]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070546-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Campeonato Argentino de Rugby\nThe Campeonato Argentino de Rugby 1953 was won by the selection of Capital that beat in the final the selection of Buenos Aires Province (\"Provincia\"). There were the debuts of the selection of Rio Cuarto and San Juan", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070547-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Campeonato Carioca\nThe 1953 edition of the Campeonato Carioca kicked off on July 11, 1953 and ended on January 20, 1954. It was organized by FMF (Federa\u00e7\u00e3o Metropolitana de Futebol, or Metropolitan Football Federation). Twelve teams participated. Flamengo won the title for the 11th time. no teams were relegated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070548-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Campeonato Paulista\nThe 1953 Campeonato Paulista da Primeira Divis\u00e3o, organized by the Federa\u00e7\u00e3o Paulista de Futebol, was the 52nd season of S\u00e3o Paulo's top professional football league. S\u00e3o Paulo won the title for the 7th time. Nacional and Portuguesa Santista were relegated and the top scorer was Palmeiras's Humberto Tozzi with 22 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070548-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Campeonato Paulista, Championship\nThe championship was disputed in a double-round robin system, with the team with the most points winning the title and the two teams with the fewest points being relegated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070549-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Campeonato Profesional\nThe 1953 Campeonato Profesional was the sixth season of Colombia's top-flight football league. Twelve teams compete against one another and played each weekend. The tournament was notable for being the fifth and last year of El Dorado. Millonarios won the league for the fourth time in its history and for the third time in a row after getting 35 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070549-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Campeonato Profesional, Background\nThe tournament was the fifth year of El Dorado, after the DIMAYOR agreed the Pacto de Lima with the FIFA, with the requirement that the foreign players would return to their countries the next year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070549-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Campeonato Profesional, Background\nTwelve teams competed in the tournament, three fewer than the previous year: Deportivo Manizales and Universidad were dissolved, while Am\u00e9rica de Cali and Independiente Medell\u00edn were bankrupt and did not join. Deportivo Samarios was refounded as Uni\u00f3n Magdalena. Millonarios won the championship for the third consecutive time, getting their fourth league title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070549-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Campeonato Profesional, League system\nEvery team played two games against each other team, one at home and one away. Teams received two points for a win and one point for a draw. If two or more teams were tied on points, places were determined by goal difference. The team with the most points is the champion of the league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 42], "content_span": [43, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070550-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Canada Cup\nThe 1953 Canada Cup took place June 2\u20133 at the Beaconsfield Golf Club in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It was the first Canada Cup event, which became the World Cup in 1967. The tournament was a 36-hole stroke play team event with 7 teams. Each team consisted of two players from a country, except that South African Bobby Locke and Englishman Harry Weetman played as a team. The combined score of each team determined the team results. Play was in pairs, two players from different countries. The Argentine team of Antonio Cerd\u00e1 and Roberto De Vicenzo won by ten strokes over the Canadian team of Bill Kerr and Stan Leonard. Antonio Cerd\u00e1 had the lowest individual score. The tournament was sponsored by John Jay Hopkins.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 734]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070550-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Canada Cup\nThe second Hopkins Trophy match between the United States and Canada was played on the same course from June 5\u20137. This match was also sponsored by Hopkins and resulted in a 27\u201318 win for the American team. Bobby Locke and Peter Thomson played for the Canadian team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070550-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Canada Cup, Scores\nThe leading individual scores were 140 by Antonio Cerd\u00e1 and 144 by Stan Leonard.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 23], "content_span": [24, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070551-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Canadian federal election\nThe 1953 Canadian federal election was held on August 10, 1953 to elect members  of the House of Commons of Canada of the 22nd Parliament of Canada. Prime Minister Louis St. Laurent led his Liberal Party of Canada to its fifth consecutive majority government, although the party lost seats to the other parties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070551-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Canadian federal election\nThe Progressive Conservative Party, led by former Premier of Ontario, George Drew, formed the official opposition. However, for the last time until 1993, the party was unable to win the popular vote in any of Canada's provinces or territories.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070551-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Canadian federal election, National results\n* - not applicable - the party was not recognized in the previous election", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 48], "content_span": [49, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070552-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Cannes Film Festival\nThe 6th Cannes Film Festival was held from 15 to 29 April  1953. The Grand Prix of the Festival went to The Wages of Fear by Henri-Georges Clouzot. The festival opened with Horizons sans fin by Jean Dr\u00e9ville.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070552-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Cannes Film Festival\nDuring the opening ceremony, Walt Disney was awarded the \"Legion of Honour\" from the hands of Monsieur Hugues, Minister of Information.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070552-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Cannes Film Festival, Jury\nThe following people were appointed as the Jury of the 1953 competition:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 31], "content_span": [32, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070552-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Cannes Film Festival, Short film competition\nThe following short films competed for the Short Film Grand Prix:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 49], "content_span": [50, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070553-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Canterbury by-election\nThe Canterbury by-election was held on 12 February 1953. It was held due to the resignation of the incumbent Conservative MP, Baker White. The by-election was won by the Conservative candidate Leslie Thomas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070554-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Caribbean Series\nThe fifth edition of the Caribbean Series (Serie del Caribe) was played in 1953. It was held from February 20 through February 25, featuring the champion baseball teams of Cuba, Leones de la Habana; Panama, Chesterfield Smokers; Puerto Rico, Cangrejeros de Santurce, and Venezuela, Leones del Caracas. The format consisted of 12 games, each team facing the other teams twice. The games were played at Estadio del Cerro in Havana, the Cuban capital.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070554-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Caribbean Series, Summary\nPuerto Rico finished undefeated and won the title by going 6-0, outscoring their opponents 50 to 23. The Santurce club, who hit a collective .367 batting average and committed only two errors, was led by right fielder and Series MVP Willard Brown, who enjoyed one of the most productive offensive in tournament's history. Brown led the hitters in home runs (4), RBI (13), runs (8), doubles (3) and SLG (1,042), while hitting .417 (10-for-24). The pitching staff was anchored by Bobo Holloman (2-0), Cot Deal (2-0, one save) and Rub\u00e9n G\u00f3mez (1-0, one save).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070554-0001-0001", "contents": "1953 Caribbean Series, Summary\nIn addition to Brown, shortstop/manager Buster Clarkson (.467 BA), 2B Jim Gilliam (.545, two HR), RF Bob Thurman (.474, .684 SLG) and 3B V\u00edctor Pellot Power (.385, one HR) also contributed to the attack. Other players for Puerto Rico included CF Luis (Canena) M\u00e1rquez, P Jos\u00e9 (Pantalones) Santiago and catchers Joe Montalvo and Valmy Thomas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070554-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Caribbean Series, Summary\nThe Cuban team, who many considered a favorite before the start of the event, wasted home-field advantage and a solid lineup managed by Mike Gonz\u00e1lez to end in second place with a 3-3 record. The Habana team was led by RF Pedro Formental, who posted a .560 mark to clinch the batting title. Other contributions came from 1B Bert Haas (.360, two HR, .600 SLG) and 3B Lou Klein (.316, one HR, .579 SLG). Pitchers Bob Alexander and Mario Picone collected wins, while Carlos (Patato) Pascual  dropped two of three decisions. Cuba included LF Sandy Amor\u00f3s, 2B Spider Jorgensen,  CF Bob Usher, P Adri\u00e1n Zabala, and catchers Andr\u00e9s Fleitas and Dick Rand, between others.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 694]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070554-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Caribbean Series, Summary\nPanama was managed by Stanford Graham and finished 2-4 in third place. The Panamanian squad got fine work of CF Nat Peeples (.400, .733 SLG), as well as pitchers Humberto Robinson (1-0) and Pat Scantlebury (1-1, 11 strikeouts in three games). The team also featured players as IFs Frank Austin and Joe Tuminelli, C Le\u00f3n Kellman, and OFs Bobby Prescott and Dave Roberts. Collectively, Chesterfield scored the fewest runs (18) and committed the most errors (10) in the Series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 505]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070554-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Caribbean Series, Summary\nVenezuela, with Mart\u00edn Dihigo at the helm, finished in last place with a 1-5 record. The Caracas lone victory came from Charlie Bishop, who pitched a one-hit shutout in Game 5. Among others were Ps Jay Heard, Dick Starr, Lenny Yochim and Luis Zuloaga; C Guillermo Vento;  IFs Chico Carrasquel, Pompeyo Davalillo, Piper Davis and Hank Schenz, as well as OFs Dalmiro Finol, Lloyd Gearhart, Milt Nielsen and Gale Wade.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070555-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Carrera Panamericana\nThe 1953 Carrera Panamericana was the fourth running of the Carrera Panamericana Mexican sports car racing event, and the first edition as a part of the World Sportscar Championship. The race took place from 19\u201323 November, and was run from Tuxtla Guti\u00e9rrez, Chiapas, to Ciudad Ju\u00e1rez, Chihuahua, over 8 stages and 3,077 kilometres (1,912\u00a0mi). 182 cars started the race, and 60 finished all 8 stages.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070555-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Carrera Panamericana, Pre-race\nFor the 1953 race, the existing Sports and Stock classes were both subdivided into Large and Small groups, giving four categories in which to compete. These were split by engine capacity; sports cars were divided under and over 1600 cc (98 ci), and stock cars under and over 3500 cc (213.5 ci). This was to accommodate the huge number of participants and the diverse breeds of cars within the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 35], "content_span": [36, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070555-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Carrera Panamericana, Pre-race\nGoing into the race, Ferrari had a slender championship lead of just two points over Jaguar. Although neither manufacturer had sent work entries to Mexico, the title could still be snatched by the Coventry marque, despite the Italian marque having more cars in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 35], "content_span": [36, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070555-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Carrera Panamericana, Race\nBoth Lancia and Lincoln came to the race highly organized and both factories swept 1\u20132\u20133 finishes in their respective categories. The Europeans dominated the sports categories, and the Americans the stock. Large Sports Cars was won by Juan Manuel Fangio of Argentina and Gino Bronzoni of Italy in a Lancia D24 Pinin Farina, Small Sports Cars by Jos\u00e9 Herrarte Ariano and Carlos Gonz\u00e1lez from Guatemala in a Porsche 550 Coup\u00e9.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 31], "content_span": [32, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070555-0003-0001", "contents": "1953 Carrera Panamericana, Race\nLarge Stock Cars was won by Chuck Stevenson and Clay Smith of the United States in a Lincoln Capri and Small Stock Cars by C.D. Evans and Walter Krause, Jr., also of the U.S., in a six-cylinder Chevrolet 210. Stevenson has the distinction of being the only person to ever win twice in the original race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 31], "content_span": [32, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070555-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Carrera Panamericana, Race\nThe race was marred by the death of a number of competitors. The co-driver and pacenote systems championed by the Mercedes-Benz teams of the previous year were vindicated by the failure of an alternative system used by some other works drivers, notably those of Lancia. During pre-race runs of the route at much safer speeds, Felice Bonetto and Piero Taruffi, winner of the 1951 edition of the race, painted warning signals on the road to remind themselves of particular hazards. This resulted in the death of Bonetto who, leading the race under pressure from Taruffi, missed his own warning signs. Entering the village of Silao, he encountered rough pavement at excessive speed and impacted a building, killing him instantly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 31], "content_span": [32, 758]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070555-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Carrera Panamericana, Race\nAs a result of Guido Mancini and Fabrizio Serena di Lapigio finishing in fourth place, in their Ferrari 375 MM Pinin Farina Berlinetta, they secured three points for Ferrari, thereby increasing the Maranello marque points lead over Jaguar, giving them the 1953 World Championship for Manufacturer title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 31], "content_span": [32, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070555-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 Carrera Panamericana, Race\nThe race was held over eight stages over a total distance of 1,912 miles. Fangio and Bronzoni won in their works-entered Lancia D24 Pinin Farina. The pair finished the race in 18 hours and 11 minutes, averaging 169.221 kilometres per hour (105.149\u00a0mph). Second place went to their teammates, Piero Taruffi and Luigi Maggio, in their D24, just 7:51 minutes behind. The podium was complete by another of the Scuderia Lancia cars that of Eugenio Castellotti, with his co-driver, Carlo Luoni, in their Lancia D23, over 6:01 minutes adrift.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 31], "content_span": [32, 567]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070555-0007-0000", "contents": "1953 Carrera Panamericana, Standings after the race\nChampionship points were awarded for the first six places in each race in the order of 8-6-4-3-2-1. Manufacturers were only awarded points for their highest finishing car with no points awarded for positions filled by additional cars. Only the best 4 results out of the 7 races could be retained by each manufacturer. Points earned but not counted towards the championship totals are listed within brackets in the above table.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 51], "content_span": [52, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070556-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Central Michigan Chippewas football team\nThe 1953 Central Michigan Chippewas football team represented Central Michigan College of Education, renamed Central Michigan University in 1959, in the Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (IIAC) during the 1953 college football season. In their third season under head coach Kenneth \"Bill\" Kelly, the Chippewas compiled a 7\u20131\u20131 record (5\u20130\u20131 against IIAC opponents), won the IIAC championship, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 244 to 129.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070556-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Central Michigan Chippewas football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Lornie Kerr with 327 passing yards, Chuck Miller with 938 rushing yards, and Jim Podoley with 186 receiving yards. Miller received the team's most valuable player award and also received the IIAC most valuable player award. Four Central Michigan players (Miller, tackle Ken Barron, guard Jack Clary, and center Dick Kackmeister) received first-team honors on the All-IIAC team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070557-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Ceylonese Hartal\nThe Hartal 1953 (Sinhala: 1953 \u0dc0\u0dbb\u0dca\u0da2\u0db1\u0dba, romanized:\u00a0Varjanaya) was a country-wide demonstration of civil disobedience and strike, commonly known as a hartal, held in Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) on 12 August 1953. It was organized to protest of the policies and actions of the incumbent United National Party government. It was the first mass political action in Ceylon and the first major social crisis after independence. This event is of historical significance because it was the first people's struggle against an elected government in the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 567]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070557-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Ceylonese Hartal\nLed by the Lanka Sama Samaja Party (LSSP) and other leftist parties who called on the public to resist the government and demonstrate civil disobedience and strikes, the hartal was primarily a protest of the labouring class, and as such there were no exclusions based upon caste, ethnicity or religion. The protests saw much sabotage and destruction to public infrastructure, as a means of frightening and halting the government. This occurred mainly in the Western, Southern and Sabaragamuwa Provinces as well as other minor protests around the rest of the island. The demonstrations lasted only a day with at least 10 people killed, resulting in the resignation of the Prime Minister.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 708]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070557-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Ceylonese Hartal, Background\nIn 1948 Ceylon had gained independence becoming a Dominion, and Don Stephen Senanayake becoming the first Prime Minister of Ceylon. In March 1952 Senanayake died which began a violent tussle between his son Dudley Senanayake and his nephew John Kotelawala for his succession. The Governor General at the time Lord Soulbury arbitrated in favour of his son. In the General Elections held in May later that year, Dudley Senanayake's United National Party (UNP) secured a majority in Parliament giving him the premiership. However the Lanka Sama Samaja Party (LSSP), and others, complained about irregularities that took place during the election and felt it had lost the most during it.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 33], "content_span": [34, 717]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070557-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Ceylonese Hartal, Background, Economic crisis\nThe people had been accustomed to there being a subsidy on rice, which was the staple diet of the island. Dating back from the rationing during World War II, the rice subsidy was issued for ration cards and over the 1940s had become a basis for the sustenance of the local population. The United National Party had promised in the 1952 election campaign to maintain the rice prices at 25 cents a measure. Soon after the election the government faced a sudden economic crisis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 50], "content_span": [51, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070557-0003-0001", "contents": "1953 Ceylonese Hartal, Background, Economic crisis\nIn July 1952 the food subsidies were running at the rate of 300 million rupees, which was a third of the estimated revenue in the planned budget for the coming year. Ceylon was depended heavily on rice exports and the global price of rice increased because of the Korean War. R. G. Senanayake, Minister of Trade and Commerce negotiated the Ceylon-China Rubber-Rice Pact, a barter systems which allowed Ceylon to trade its rubber for rice from the People's Republic of China without effecting its foreign reserves.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 50], "content_span": [51, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070557-0003-0002", "contents": "1953 Ceylonese Hartal, Background, Economic crisis\nAlthough the pact was opposed by J. R. Jayewardene, Finance Minister who was pro-United States which was engaged in bitter fighting with the People's Republic of China in the Korean War, pact came into effect. It did not help the government's financial position, with its trade surplus of 345 million rupees in 1951 turning into a trade deficit of 200 million rupees in 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 50], "content_span": [51, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070557-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Ceylonese Hartal, Background, Social welfare cuts and the price of rice\nOn this backdrop, the government outlined its policy to cut down on food subsidy as it stated that continuing it would ruin the country in its Throne Speech on 7 July 1953. It proposed abolished the subsidy on rice, making the ration cards called the Hal potha (rice book) obsolete. This effectively increased the price of rice from 25 cents to 70 cents per measure with effect from 20 July. The price of sugar increased. Other social welfare measures were cut down to save government expenditure. Alter on 10 July the free mid-day meal for school children was withdrawn, postal fees and rail fares were increased.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 76], "content_span": [77, 691]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070557-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Ceylonese Hartal, Background, Budget day\nThe proposed cuts to social welfare measures, especially the increase in rice prices were met with strong public outcry. All political parties in the opposition agitated against these measures. J. R. Jayewardene as Finance Minister in the afternoon of 23 July 1953, presented the fifth budget to parliament. A large public gathering was organized at Galle Face Green by opposition parties, presided over by S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike, the Leader of the Opposition. Leaders of the Lanka Sama Samaja Party and the Communist Party of Ceylon made speeches condemning government policy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 45], "content_span": [46, 625]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070557-0005-0001", "contents": "1953 Ceylonese Hartal, Background, Budget day\nA segment of supporters and workers, who attended the meeting, marched towards the Parliament screaming and gesticulating, in an attempt to storm the House. The Police baton charged and tear gassed the unruly crowds. Small groups left a trail of hooliganism: damaged public property, stoned buses, an indication of the nastiest to come, as the leaders called a hartal on August 12. Shortly a strick was called in the Colombo harbor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 45], "content_span": [46, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070557-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 Ceylonese Hartal, Hartal, Call to action\nAll political parties in the Opposition agitated against these measures brought on by the government, but only the Lanka Sama Samaja Party (LSSP), the Viplavakari Lanka Sama Samaja Party (CP-VLSSP) United Front and the Federal Party called for resistance. The Sri Lankan leftist parties led by the Lanka Sama Samaja Party (LSSP) called for the hartal, mobilizing the masses to resist the direct attack on their standard of living. The Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP) and Ceylon Indian Congress (CIC) supported protests against the elimination of the rice subsidy, but did not support a hartal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 45], "content_span": [46, 638]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070557-0006-0001", "contents": "1953 Ceylonese Hartal, Hartal, Call to action\nThe Communist Party of Ceylon (CPC), who gained a seat in the 1952 elections, together with their allied party the Viplavakari Lanka Sama Samaja Party (VLSSP), also gave verbal supported to the idea of hartal, but there is disagreement about how much they participated. The more than doubling of the cost of rice was the main reason for the organizers of the hartal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 45], "content_span": [46, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070557-0007-0000", "contents": "1953 Ceylonese Hartal, Hartal, Call to action\nThe lefties parties took to agitating the working masses, with \"factory gate meetings\" and village level meetings in the rural areas. The two main private print-media of the day Times of Ceylon and the Lake House group, along with the state owned Radio Ceylon reported on pro-government and anti-hartal propaganda. The leftist countered with the publication of special hartal editions of weekly news sheets.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 45], "content_span": [46, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070557-0008-0000", "contents": "1953 Ceylonese Hartal, Hartal, Initial events\n12 August 1953 saw the start of planned civil disobedience, strikes and demonstrations held throughout Ceylon, launched by the main non-communal trade unions, 90% of which were controlled by the leftist parties. However participation of employees of the health sector were discouraged knowing that it could affect the innocent patients. The main complaint was the proposed elimination of the subsidy on rice, but it also included the disenfranchisement of Tamils in the 1952 election as well as other election irregularities. Some commentators suggest that the hartal only occurred in one-third of the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 45], "content_span": [46, 656]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070557-0009-0000", "contents": "1953 Ceylonese Hartal, Hartal, Initial events\nThe most civil disobedience acts on 12 August took place in certain localities along the western and south-western seaboard, e.g., Maharagama, Boralesgamuwa, Gangodawila, Kirillapone, Egoda Uyana, Katukurunda, Koralawella, Waskaduwa, Karandeniya, Dompe, Akurala, Totagamuwa, Hikkaduwa, and Ragama, where there were widespread riots and extensive damage to communications and transportation facilities. Some of the damage was deliberate anti-government sabotage. In Kochchikade, police opened fire killing two persons who were preventing buses operating. In Panadura, railway wagons carrying fuel were set on fire. In Peradeniya university students clashed with police. San Sebastian saw police coming under attack by protesters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 45], "content_span": [46, 774]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070557-0010-0000", "contents": "1953 Ceylonese Hartal, Hartal, Initial events\nBecause of the disenfranchisement of Tamils, the Jaffna Peninsula in particular participated fully in the work-stoppage, although there was no noteworthy violence reported. There were also widespread demonstrations in the 24 divisions of the Western, Southern and Sabaragamuwa Provinces in which the Emergency Regulations were longest maintained.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 45], "content_span": [46, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070557-0010-0001", "contents": "1953 Ceylonese Hartal, Hartal, Initial events\nThese areas consist of the Alutkuru Korale South, Meda Pattuwa, Adikari Pattuwa, Siyane Korale, Alutgam and Panawal Korales, Colombo Mudaliyars' Division, Salpiti Korale, Panadura Totamune, Kalutara Totamune, Bentota Walalawiti Korale, Wellaboda Pattu, Colombo Municipal area, and the Urban Council areas of Avissawella, Dehiwala-Mount Lavinia, Gampaha, Ja-Ela, Kolonnawa, Kotte, Wattala-Mabola-Peliyagoda, Beruwala, Kalutara, Panadura and Ambalangoda. The hartal was primarily a protest of the labouring class, and as such there were no exclusions based upon caste, ethnicity or religion, even the Roman Catholics participated, notably in the Negombo, Wennappuwa and Ragama areas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 45], "content_span": [46, 727]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070557-0011-0000", "contents": "1953 Ceylonese Hartal, Hartal, Initial events\nActs of sabotage occurred throughout the country. For instance on the railways the rails and fish plates were removed. In Waskaduwa the rails with the sleepers were torn up for over a mile, and the telegraph posts toppled over along the whole stretch. In Totagamuwa, the wooden sleepers were set on fire which warped the rails. In numerous places telephone and telegraph wires were cut. In Egoda Uyana, the demonstrators invaded the station, captured a train and uncoupled the engine so that the train could not leave.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 45], "content_span": [46, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070557-0011-0001", "contents": "1953 Ceylonese Hartal, Hartal, Initial events\nBuses particularly those of the Gamini Bus Co. Ltd. and the High Level Road Bus Co. Ltd. were stopped, stoned and smashed by the demonstrators. The principal bus routes were blocked with trees and other barriers so that military escorts were required. Bridges had their planks removed and in a few cases were dynamited.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 45], "content_span": [46, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070557-0012-0000", "contents": "1953 Ceylonese Hartal, Hartal, Government response\nWith major civil unrest throughout the island and appearance of breakdown of law and order, the police struggled to bring the situation under control due to the sheer numbers of the crowds and rioters. The government panicked, and the Cabinet of Ministers boarded HMS\u00a0Newfoundland, a light cruiser of the Royal Navy that was in the Colombo harbour. There they had several sessions, including sessions with senior offices of the police and the armed forces. The Sir Oliver Gunathilaka, Governor General in-consultation with Prime Minister Senanayake placed the country under provincial emergency regulations. The armed forces were deployed to assist the police to bring the situation under control. Senanayake took ill, and Gunathilaka took command of the security forces from the Queen's House. The army began to suppress riots and hartal was eventually stopped.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 50], "content_span": [51, 913]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070557-0013-0000", "contents": "1953 Ceylonese Hartal, Hartal, Government response\nThe hartal was scheduled for only one day, but in some cases the crowds were so worked up that they continued until the morning of the 13th. Shaun Goonewardene held that there was no intent to continue the demonstrations after the 12th, while Edmund Samarakkody suggested that the demonstrators were ready to go on only if the leadership had given them a signal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 50], "content_span": [51, 413]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070557-0014-0000", "contents": "1953 Ceylonese Hartal, Hartal, Government response\nIn many areas the police and demonstrators clashed and at least ten people were killed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 50], "content_span": [51, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070557-0015-0000", "contents": "1953 Ceylonese Hartal, Aftermath, Immediate outcome\nPrime Minister Dudley Senanayake was badly affected by the crisis, having taken gravely ill at the height of the Hartal. He resigned as Prime Minister on the 12 October 1953 on health grounds, leaving politics and the public limelight. The United National Party remained in control of the government, while Colonel Sir John Kotelawala took over as Prime Minister. The rice subsidy was partially restored, and various foreign policy initiatives were undertaken to brighten Ceylon's image abroad, including entry into the United Nations in 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 51], "content_span": [52, 595]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070557-0016-0000", "contents": "1953 Ceylonese Hartal, Aftermath, Immediate outcome\nThe hartal would eventually shake the apparent invincibility of the UNP government which would go on to lose the 1956 elections to the Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP) under S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike, who contested under the \"Sinhala only\" slogan. Dudley Senanayake return to politics and went on to serve as Prime Minister on two other occasions, for four months in 1960, and a full term from 1965\u201370.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 51], "content_span": [52, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070557-0017-0000", "contents": "1953 Ceylonese Hartal, Aftermath, Long-term effects\nThe 1953 hartal is of course, the central event of its history to which Sri Lanka's Old Left looks back with heroic nostalgia. For many years Hartal Day was an occasion for rousing speeches by the Left. It was an application of the classic Marxist thesis of the general strike but those who called the hartal never intended to take it beyond that stage, whereas in the Marxist playbook a general strike ought to lead to the overthrow of the government in power.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 51], "content_span": [52, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070557-0017-0001", "contents": "1953 Ceylonese Hartal, Aftermath, Long-term effects\nBut still nursing gradualist illusions of ultimately seeking parliamentary power the LSSP leaders primarily did not envisage anything like such a scenario. In retrospect it has become the traditional wisdom to say that it was not the Old Left but the SLFP which benefited from the hartal in the form of the popular upsurge of 1956 which felled the UNP and brought S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike to power as prime minister.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 51], "content_span": [52, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070557-0018-0000", "contents": "1953 Ceylonese Hartal, Aftermath, Long-term effects\nWhile those who later broke away from the LSSP have all complained in varying degrees of the LSSP's failure to mobilize after the hartal for a bigger onslaught against the state, the party's official historian Leslie Goonewardene offers this explanation: \"Most important of all, it was the considered view of the LSSP (as well as we believe of the VLSSP-CP United Front) that the mass movement had reached only a stage of protest against the actions of the Government in imposing the burdens it did on the masses, and not at a stage where it was aiming at the overthrow of the Government\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 51], "content_span": [52, 641]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070557-0019-0000", "contents": "1953 Ceylonese Hartal, Aftermath, Long-term effects\nDr. Colvin R. de Silva had identified 1953 Hartal as a class struggle. The long-term effect was for politicians in Ceylon, and then Sri Lanka, to recognize that the laboring classes had power, and that in turn increased the coercive effect and hence political power of trade unions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 51], "content_span": [52, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070557-0020-0000", "contents": "1953 Ceylonese Hartal, Aftermath, Long-term effects\nNearly two decades later, a leftist youth armed revolt took a SLFP government lead by S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike's widow Sirima Bandaranaike, who had leftist parties in its cabinet. Ironically Bandaranaike received aid from the west and the Soviet Union to crush the insurrection with brutal force.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 51], "content_span": [52, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070558-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Challenge Cup\nThe 1952\u201353 Challenge Cup was the 52nd staging of rugby league's oldest knockout competition, the Challenge Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070558-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Challenge Cup, Quarter Finals\nA club record 69,429 people watch the Challenge Cup 3rd Round tie at Odsal between Bradford Northern and Huddersfield. Larger crowds had watched matches at Odsal, but this was the largest involving the home side.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070558-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Challenge Cup, Final\nIn the Final, Huddersfield beat St. Helens 15-10 at Wembley in front of a crowd of 89,588. This produced a record gate taking for a Challenge Cup final of \u00a331,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 25], "content_span": [26, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070558-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Challenge Cup, Final\nThis was Huddersfield\u2019s sixth Cup Final win in seven Final appearances, including one win during the Second World War. coached by William R. 'Bill' Smith, their stand-off half, Peter Ramsden, became the youngest player to win the Lance Todd Trophy for man-of-the-match at 19. the Huddersfield team also featured Australian Pat Devery and New Zealand's Peter Henderson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 25], "content_span": [26, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070559-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Challenge Desgrange-Colombo\nThe 1953 Challenge Desgrange-Colombo was the sixth edition of the Challenge Desgrange-Colombo. It included eleven races: all the races form the 1952 edition were retained with no additions. Loretto Petrucci won the individual championship while Italy retained the nations championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070560-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Chatham Cup\nThe 1953 Chatham Cup was the 26th annual nationwide knockout football competition in New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070560-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Chatham Cup\nThe competition was run on a regional basis, with regional associations each holding separate qualifying rounds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070560-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Chatham Cup\nTeams taking part in the final rounds are known to have included Eastern Suburbs (Auckland), Huntly Thistle, Eastern Union (Gisborne), New Plymouth City, Napier Rovers, Wanganui United, St. Andrews (Manawatu), Seatoun (Wellington), Woodbourne (Marlborough), Riccarton, Northern (Dunedin), and Invercargill Thistle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070560-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Chatham Cup, The 1953 final\nThe final was a repeat of the 1951 final, with Eastern Suburbs again beating Dunedin's Northern. Reg King added two further goals to his three from 1951, equalling the aggregate record of five final goals. The game was a thrilling one according to contemporary accounts, with Northern letting in a soft goal very early on and the game opening up with frequent chances at both ends. Suburbs clinched the match with the winning goal late on in the second half. Scorers were Reg King (2), Ken Fleet, and Murray Anderson for Eastern Suburbs, while Trevor McFarlane gained a brace for Northern and Bill Boardman also scored for the Dunedin side.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 32], "content_span": [33, 673]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070561-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Chattanooga Moccasins football team\nThe 1953 Chattanooga Moccasins football team was an American football team that represented the University of Chattanooga (now known as the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga) during the 1953 college football season. In their 23rd year under head coach Scrappy Moore, the team compiled a 3\u20137 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070562-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Chicago Bears season\nThe 1953 season was the Chicago Bears' 34th in the National Football League. The team failed to improve on their 5\u20137 record from 1952 and finished at 3\u20138\u20131 under head coach and owner George Halas, fourth place in the NFL's newly formed Western Conference. In the season finale, the Bears lost to the crosstown Cardinals, who were previously winless.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070562-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Chicago Bears season, Regular season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 52], "content_span": [53, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070563-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Chicago Cardinals season\nThe 1953 Chicago Cardinals season was the 34th season the team was in the league. The team failed to improve on their previous output of 4\u20138, winning only one game, the final game of the season. They failed to qualify for the playoffs for the fifth consecutive season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070563-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Chicago Cardinals season, Schedule, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 50], "content_span": [51, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070564-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Chicago Cubs season\nThe 1953 Chicago Cubs season was the 82nd season of the Chicago Cubs franchise, the 78th in the National League and the 38th at Wrigley Field. The Cubs finished seventh in the National League with a record of 65\u201389.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070564-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 69], "content_span": [70, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070564-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 62], "content_span": [63, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070564-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 67], "content_span": [68, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070564-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 64], "content_span": [65, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070564-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 65], "content_span": [66, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070565-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Chicago White Sox season\nThe 1953 Chicago White Sox season was the team's 53rd season in the major leagues, and its 54th season overall. They finished with a record 89\u201365, good enough for third place in the American League, 11.5 games behind the first place New York Yankees.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070565-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Batting\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; R = Runs scored; H = Hits; 2B = Doubles; 3B = Triples; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in; BB = Base on balls; SO = Strikeouts; AVG = Batting average; SB = Stolen bases", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 52], "content_span": [53, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070565-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Pitching\nNote: W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; G = Games pitched; GS = Games started; SV = Saves; IP = Innings pitched; H = Hits allowed; R = Runs allowed; ER = Earned runs allowed; HR = Home runs allowed; BB = Walks allowed; K = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 53], "content_span": [54, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070566-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Chico State Wildcats football team\nThe 1953 Chico State Wildcats football team represented Chico State College during the 1953 college football season. Chico State competed in the Far Western Conference in 1953. They played home games at Chico High School in Chico, California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070566-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Chico State Wildcats football team\nThe 1953 Wildcats were led by second-year head coach Ernie Busch. The team included 14 returning lettermen and 16 junior college transfers. Before the season began, improved expectations for the team's performance caused ticket sales to \"soar to a new high.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070566-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Chico State Wildcats football team\nChico State finished the season as champion of the FWC, with a record of six wins, three losses and one tie (6\u20133\u20131, 4\u20130\u20131 FWC). The Wildcats outscored their opponents 150\u2013133 for the season. This was the last season coach Busch was at the helm. In his two years, the Wildcats compiled a record of 7\u20139\u20131, a .441 winning percentage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070566-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Chico State Wildcats football team\nOn November 13, Chico State played the Northern Branch Aggies to a scoreless tie in six inches of rain and 40 mile per hour winds, as a fierce storm also caused the press box to collapse during the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070566-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Chico State Wildcats football team\nAt the end of the season, four Chico State players were selected for the All-Far Western Conference football team: guard Gene Van der Leun, end George Maderos, and backs Hal Higgins and Carroll Campbell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070566-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Chico State Wildcats football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Chico State players were selected in the 1954 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 64], "content_span": [65, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070567-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Chilean parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Chile on 1 March 1953. The Agrarian Labor Party emerged as the largest party in the Chamber of Deputies, whilst the Liberal Party won the most seats in the Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070567-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Chilean parliamentary election, Electoral system\nThe term length for Senators was eight years, with around half of the Senators elected every four years. This election saw 25 of the 45 Senate seats up for election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 53], "content_span": [54, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070568-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Chinese census\nThe 1953 Chinese census, officially the First National Population Census of the People's Republic of China, was conducted by the People's Republic of China starting on June 30, 1953. The results were summarized in Chinese newspapers on November 1, 1954. As the full results were not published, they had to subsequently be assembled from Soviet sources over the next five years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070568-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Chinese census, Results, Total Population\nThe official summaries listed the total population of Mainland China in 1953 as 582,603,417.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 46], "content_span": [47, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070568-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Chinese census, Results, Demographics\n13.26% of the population (77,257,282 persons) were listed as residing in urban areas comprising 163 cities, industrial and mining districts, and about 1450 towns. Of the urban population, roughly 1 in 12 resided in Shanghai.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 42], "content_span": [43, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070568-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Chinese census, Controversy\nChina had never previously had an official national census in the modern period and estimates of its population even in 1911 varied between 200,000,000 and 400,000,000. Mistrust of PRC statistics that saw the number of cities go from 60 under the Nationalist government to 103 within four years and that involved \"indirectly survey[ing]\" several areas including Tibet led some Western academics like George Cressey to claim, \"These inflated figures are designed to impress the world with China's strength, to support claims for a falling death rate, or to supply an excuse for food shortages.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 32], "content_span": [33, 626]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070569-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Christchurch mayoral election\nThe 1953 Christchurch mayoral election was part of the New Zealand local elections held that same year. In 1953, election were held for the Mayor of Christchurch plus other local government positions. The polling was conducted using the standard first-past-the-post electoral method.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070569-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Christchurch mayoral election, Campaign\nSitting mayor Robert Macfarlane was re-elected with the largest majority he had won so far against city councillor James Hay. The Labour Party lost two seats on the Council but retained their majority, winning ten seats to the nine won by the Citizens' Association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 44], "content_span": [45, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070569-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Christchurch mayoral election, Campaign\nA major talking point in the lead up to the election was the potential of a clash with the 1953 Royal Tour. There were proposals to postpone local elections until early 1954 over fears of reduced turnout due to a conflicted schedule. The proposals were considered by the Minister of Internal Affairs William Bodkin, who ultimately decided against it.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 44], "content_span": [45, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070570-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Cincinnati Bearcats football team\nThe 1953 Cincinnati Bearcats football team was an American football team that represented the University of Cincinnati as an independent during the 1953 college football season. The Bearcats were led by head coach Sid Gillman and compiled a 9\u20131 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070571-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Cincinnati Redlegs season\nThe 1953 Cincinnati Redlegs season was a season in American baseball. The team finished sixth in the National League with a record of 68\u201386, 37 games behind the Brooklyn Dodgers. The team changed its name from \"Reds\" to \"Redlegs\" prior to this season in response to rampant American anti-communist sentiment during this time period.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070571-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Cincinnati Redlegs season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 75], "content_span": [76, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070571-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Cincinnati Redlegs season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 68], "content_span": [69, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070571-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Cincinnati Redlegs season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070571-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Cincinnati Redlegs season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070571-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Cincinnati Redlegs season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 71], "content_span": [72, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070572-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Claxton Shield\nThe 1953 Claxton Shield was the 14th annual Claxton Shield, it was held at the Brisbane Exhibition Ground and Davies Park in Brisbane, Queensland from 11 to 19 July 1953. It was the first Claxton Shield held in Queensland. The participants were South Australia, New South Wales, Victoria and Queensland. The Western Australia team, holders of the Shield, were unable to afford the costs to travel to Brisbane. The series was won by New South Wales, their seventh Shield title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 496]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070573-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Clemson Tigers football team\nThe 1953 Clemson Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Clemson College in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) during the 1953 college football season. In its 14th season under head coach Frank Howard, the team compiled a 3\u20135\u20131 record (1\u20132 against conference opponents), finished sixth in the ACC, and was outscored by a total of 172 to 139. The team played its home games at Memorial Stadium in Clemson, South Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070573-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Clemson Tigers football team\nEnd Dreher Gaskin and tackle Nathan Gressette were the team captains. The team's statistical leaders included quarterback Don King with 706 passing yards and 243 rushing yards and Dreher Gaskin with 30 points scored (5 touchdowns).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070573-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Clemson Tigers football team\nThree Clemson players were named to the 1953 All-South Carolina football team: Dreher Gaskin, Nathan Gressette, and Don King.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070574-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Cleveland Browns season\nThe 1953 Cleveland Browns season was the team's fourth season with the National Football League. Their start of eleven wins before losing their last game was the closest to a true perfect season in the NFL until the 1972 Miami Dolphins. After that fifteen-point loss at Philadelphia, the Browns met the Detroit Lions in the NFL Championship Game for the second straight year; the Lions won again, this time by a point at home.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070574-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Cleveland Browns season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 1 at Milwaukee\nIn the first-ever regular season meeting between Cleveland and Green Bay, the Browns rolled up 376 yards and Otto Graham completed 18 of 24 yards to highlight a 27\u20130 season opening win in at the new County Stadium in Milwaukee. The Browns yield 159 yards and allow the Packers to penetrate Cleveland territory just four times.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 81], "content_span": [82, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070574-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Cleveland Browns season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 5 at New York\nGraham scores the game's only touchdown on a 4-yard run in the second period as the Browns beat the Giants, 7-0, on a muddy Polo Grounds field. Graham, who attempts only five passes as the inclement conditions, scores after an offsides penalty on Lou Groza's missed field goal attempt gives the Browns a critical first down.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 80], "content_span": [81, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070574-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Cleveland Browns season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 6 vs. Washington\nThe undefeated Browns make life miserable for Redskins quarterback Eddie LeBaron by intercepting four passes in a 27-3 win at Cleveland Stadium. Tommy James ties his own Browns record with three as Cleveland scores 24 points off turnovers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 83], "content_span": [84, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070574-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Cleveland Browns season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 8 vs. San Francisco\nA Cleveland Stadium crowd of 80,698 watches the Browns dispatch longtime rival San Francisco, 23\u201321. With the Browns leading 10\u20130, Graham is knocked out of bounds by defensive back Fred Bruney and elbowed in the face by linebacker Art Michalik, who opens a gash that requires 15 stitches and nearly incites a riot. Graham returns for the third quarter wearing a clear plastic protective bar in front of his face, a device that will evolve into today's face mask. Showing little effect from his injury, Graham leads the Browns to 13 second half points and the victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 86], "content_span": [87, 654]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070574-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Cleveland Browns season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 11 vs. New York\nThe Browns improve to 11\u20130 by winning a 62\u201314 laugher over the Giants at Cleveland Stadium. George Ratterman starts in place of Graham and completes 15-of-27 passes for 235 yards and four touchdowns. Graham plays briefly and completes 3-of-4 passes, two for touchdowns. Pete Brewster catches seven passes for 182 yards and three touchdowns in the most productive game of his career.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 82], "content_span": [83, 465]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070574-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 Cleveland Browns season, Regular season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 55], "content_span": [56, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070575-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Cleveland Indians season\nThe 1953 Cleveland Indians season was a season in American baseball. The team finished second in the American League with a record of 92\u201362, 8\u00bd games behind the New York Yankees.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070575-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Cleveland Indians season, Regular season\nAl Rosen became the first third baseman in the history of the American League to win the MVP Award.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070575-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 74], "content_span": [75, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070575-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 67], "content_span": [68, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070575-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070575-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070575-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 70], "content_span": [71, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070576-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Cleveland mayoral election\nThe Cleveland mayoral election of 1953 saw the election of Anthony J. Celebrezze.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070577-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Col des Nuages derailment\nThe Col des Nuages derailment was a train derailment that occurred in eastern French Indochina, in modern-day Vietnam, on 24 June 1953, during the First Indochina War. Railway officials announced the day after that \"about 100 or more\" were killed when a passenger train plunged 50 feet through a sabotaged viaduct.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070577-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Col des Nuages derailment\nTwo locomotives and 18 cars crashed down in a ravine at the Col des Nuages (Pass of the Clouds, known now as the Hai Van Pass), a mountain pass on the route between the ancient Vietnamese capital of Hu\u1ebf and the port of Tourane (\u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng). The pass had frequently been the scene of attacks by the communist-directed Viet Minh rebels.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070577-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Col des Nuages derailment\nOfficials said that a strong explosive charge detonated just as the train arrived at the viaduct, tumbling a 25-foot span into the ravine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070578-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Colgate Red Raiders football team\nThe 1953 Colgate Red Raiders football team was an American football team that represented Colgate University as an independent during the 1953 college football season. In its second season under head coach Hal Lahar, the team compiled a 3\u20134\u20132 record and was outscored by a total of 161 to 147. Gary Chandler was the team captain. The team played its home games at Colgate Athletic Field in Hamilton, New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070579-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 College Baseball All-America Team\nAn All-American team is an honorary sports team composed of the best amateur players of a specific season for each team position\u2014who in turn are given the honorific \"All-America\" and typically referred to as \"All-American athletes\", or simply \"All-Americans\". Although the honorees generally do not compete together as a unit, the term is used in U.S. team sports to refer to players who are selected by members of the national media. Walter Camp selected the first All-America team in the early days of American football in 1889.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 569]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070579-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 College Baseball All-America Team\nFrom 1947 to 1980, the American Baseball Coaches Association was the only All-American selector recognized by the NCAA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070580-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 College Football All-America Team\nThe 1953 College Football All-America team is composed of college football players who were selected as All-Americans by various organizations and writers that chose College Football All-America Teams in 1953. The eight selectors recognized by the NCAA as \"official\" for the 1953 season are (1) the Associated Press, (2) the United Press, (3) the All-America Board, (4) the American Football Coaches Association (AFCA), (5) the Football Writers Association of America (FWAA), (6) the International News Service (INS), (7) the Newspaper Enterprise Association (NEA), and (8) the Sporting News.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 631]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070580-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 College Football All-America Team, Consensus All-Americans\nFor the year 1953, the NCAA recognizes eight published All-American teams as \"official\" designations for purposes of its consensus determinations. The following chart identifies the NCAA-recognized consensus All-Americans and displays which first-team designations they received.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 63], "content_span": [64, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070581-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 College World Series\nThe 1953 College World Series was the seventh NCAA-sanctioned baseball tournament that determined a national champion. The tournament was held as the conclusion of the 1953 NCAA baseball season and was played at Johnny Rosenblatt Stadium in Omaha, NE from June 11 to June 16. The tournament's champion was Michigan, coached by Ray Fisher. The Most Outstanding Player was J. L. Smith of Texas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070581-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 College World Series\nThe tournament consisted of no preliminary round of play as teams were selected directly into the College World Series. From 1954 to the present, teams compete in the NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament preliminary round(s), to determine the eight teams that will play in the College World Series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070582-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Colombian coup d'\u00e9tat\nThe 1953 Colombian coup d'\u00e9tat was the coup followed by seizing of power, by Colombia's commander in chief Gustavo Rojas Pinilla on June 13, 1953. He ruled as dictator until 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070583-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Colombian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Colombia on 15 March 1953 to elect the Chamber of Representatives. The Liberal Party and the Communist Party both boycotted the elections, and as a result, the seats reserved for the minority party were left vacant. The Conservative Party won the remainder.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070584-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Colorado A&M Aggies football team\nThe 1953 Colorado A&M Aggies football team represented Colorado State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts in the Skyline Conference during the 1953 college football season. In their seventh season under head coach Bob Davis, the Aggies compiled a 4\u20135 record (3\u20134 against Skyline opponents), finished fifth in the Skyline Conference, and outscored all opponents by a total of 157 to 149.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070584-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Colorado A&M Aggies football team\nNo Colorado A&M players were selected by the Associated Press for its 1953 All-Skyline Conference football team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070585-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Colorado Buffaloes football team\nThe 1953 Colorado Buffaloes football team represented the University of Colorado during the 1953 college football season. The Buffaloes responded from four straight losses in the middle of season to finish with four straight victories, including wins over rivals Utah and Colorado State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070586-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Colorado State Bears baseball team\nThe 1953 Colorado State Bears baseball team represented Colorado State College of Education in the 1953 NCAA baseball season. The Bears played their home games at Jackson Field. The team was coached by Pete Butler in his 11th year at Colorado State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070586-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Colorado State Bears baseball team\nThe Bears won the District VII playoff to advance to the College World Series, where they were defeated by the Duke Blue Devils.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070587-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Columbia Lions football team\nThe 1953 Columbia Lions football team was an American football team that represented Columbia University as an independent during the 1953 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070587-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Columbia Lions football team\nIn their 24th season under head coach Lou Little, the Lions compiled a 4\u20135 record, and were outscored 153 to 124. Gene Wodeshick was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070587-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Columbia Lions football team\nColumbia played its home games at Baker Field in Upper Manhattan, in New York City.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070588-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference\nThe 1953 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference was the sixth Meeting of the Heads of Government of the Commonwealth of Nations. It was held in the United Kingdom in June 1953 on the occasion of the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II, and was hosted by that country's Prime Minister, Sir Winston Churchill.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070588-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference\nThe meeting was held prior to a Three Powers conference between Churchill, US President Dwight Eisenhower, and French Prime Minister Joseph Laniel in Bermuda, which Commonwealth leaders hoped would lead to a Four Powers summit with the Soviet Union. Armistice talks to conclude the Korean War were also discussed. Concerns about the security of the Suez Canal and the importance of maintaining British military installations were also discussed (see Suez War) as were the economic situation and the objectives for development and strengthening of the Pound sterling area set out at the 1952 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Economic Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 687]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070589-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Concepci\u00f3n earthquake\nThe 1953 Concepci\u00f3n earthquake occurred on May 6 at 17:16 UTC (13:16 local time). The epicenter was located offshore Biob\u00edo Region, Chile. It had a magnitude of Ms 7.6, or ML 7.6. Twelve people were reported dead in this earthquake.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070589-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Concepci\u00f3n earthquake\nIn Concepci\u00f3n, 15% of the buildings were damaged. Electricity and gas were not affected. However, the electricity service was suspended as a precaution.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070589-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Concepci\u00f3n earthquake\nIn Chill\u00e1n, the intensity reached MM X. Many houses were destroyed. The electricity, telegraph, and telephone services were interrupted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070589-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Concepci\u00f3n earthquake\nIn Tom\u00e9, several houses were damaged, and many families stayed in the open.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070589-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Concepci\u00f3n earthquake\nThis earthquake was located close to the 1939 Chill\u00e1n earthquake. However, the focal mechanism of the 1953 Concepci\u00f3n earthquake was reverse faulting, while that of the 1939 Chill\u00e1n earthquake was normal faulting. It was not clear whether the 1953 Concepci\u00f3n earthquake was an interplate or intraplate earthquake.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070590-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Connecticut Huskies football team\nThe 1953 Connecticut Huskies football team represented the University of Connecticut in the 1953 college football season. The Huskies were led by second year head coach Bob Ingalls, and completed the season with a record of 3\u20134\u20131. For the first time, home games were played at Memorial Stadium, which replaced the Gardner Dow Athletic Fields as the Huskies' home venue.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070591-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Cook Islands general election\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Number 57 (talk | contribs) at 18:55, 17 November 2019 (corr). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070591-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Cook Islands general election\nGeneral elections were held in the Cook Islands in 1953. The elections took the form of an election to Rarotonga Island Council, whose sole European member also automatically became the only elected member of the Legislative Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070591-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Cook Islands general election, Electoral system\nThe Cook Islands Legislative Council consisted of ten members elected by island councils (four from Rarotonga and six from smaller islands), ten civil servants appointed by the Governor-General of New Zealand (the Chief Medical Officer, the Director of Agriculture, the Education Officer, six Resident Agents and the Treasurer) and the Resident Commissioner, who was president of the council. The sole European member of Rarotonga Island Council automatically became the island's representative in the Legislative Council, and was the only member of the Legislative Council to be directly elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 52], "content_span": [53, 650]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070591-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Cook Islands general election, Electoral system\nElections to Rarotonga Island Council were held every three years, with the six Cook Islander members elected from single-member constituencies based on the land survey districts, and the European member from the entire island.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 52], "content_span": [53, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070591-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Cook Islands general election, Results\nIncumbent MLC Willie Watson was defeated by Henley McKegg. This was attributed by Pacific Islands Monthly to Watson's criticism of the colonial administration, as more than half of the registered voters were civil servants or their partners.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 43], "content_span": [44, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070592-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Copa del General\u00edsimo Final\nThe Copa del General\u00edsimo 1953 Final was the 51st final of the King's Cup. The final was played at Estadio Chamart\u00edn in Madrid, on 21 June 1953, being won by CF Barcelona, who beat Atl\u00e9tico de Bilbao 2-1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070593-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Copa del General\u00edsimo Juvenil\nThe 1953 Copa del General\u00edsimo Juvenil was the third staging of the tournament. The competition began on May 17, 1953, and ended on June 30, 1953, with the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070594-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Corangamite by-election\nA by-election was held for the Australian House of Representatives seat of Corangamite on 29 August 1953. This was triggered by the death of Liberal MP Allan McDonald. A by-election for the seat of Lang was held on the same day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070594-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Corangamite by-election\nThe by-election was won by Liberal candidate Dan Mackinnon, who had previously served as the member for Wannon from 1949 to 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070595-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship\nThe 1953 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship was the 44th staging of the Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1909.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070595-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship\nNewtownshandrum won the championship following a 0-05 to 0-04 defeat of Glen Rovers in the final. This was their first ever championship title in the grade.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070596-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Cork Senior Football Championship\nThe 1953 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 65th staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070596-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Cork Senior Football Championship\nOn 8 November 1953, Collins won the championship following a 1-08 to 1-04 defeat of University College Cork in a replay of the final at the Cork Athletic Grounds. This was their fourth championship title overall and their first title since 1951. It remains their last championship title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070597-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Cork Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1953 Cork Senior Hurling Championship was the 65th staging of the Cork Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887. The championship ended on 25 October 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070597-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Cork Senior Hurling Championship\nOn 25 October 1953, Glen Rovers won the championship following an 8-5 to 4-3 defeat of Sarsfields in the final. This was their 14th championship title overall and their first title in three championship seasons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070598-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Cornell Big Red football team\nThe 1953 Cornell Big Red football team was an American football team that represented Cornell University as an independent during the 1953 college football season. In its seventh season under head coach George K. James, the team compiled a 4\u20133\u20132 record but was outscored 152 to 128. Bill George was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070598-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Cornell Big Red football team\nCornell played its home games at Schoellkopf Field in Ithaca, New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070599-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Coronation Honours\nThe 1953 Coronation Honours were appointments by Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours on the occasion of her coronation on 2 June 1953. The honours were published in The London Gazette on 1 June 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070599-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Coronation Honours\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour. They are arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070599-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Coronation Honours, United Kingdom and the Commonwealth, Privy Counsellors\nThe Queen appointed the following to Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 79], "content_span": [80, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070599-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Coronation Honours, United Kingdom and the Commonwealth, The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire, Members (MBE)\nEnid Frances Jones, Secretary of the Church of England Advisory Council of Empire Settlement", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 123], "content_span": [124, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070600-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Coronation Honours (Ceylon)\nThe 1953 Coronation Honours in Ceylon, celebrating the coronation of Elizabeth II, Queen of Ceylon, were appointments made by the Queen on the advice of the Ceylon government to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by Ceylonese. The honours were announced on 1 June 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070600-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Coronation Honours (Ceylon)\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070601-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Coronation Honours (New Zealand)\nThe 1953 Coronation Honours in New Zealand, celebrating the coronation of Elizabeth II, were appointments made by the Queen on the advice of the New Zealand government to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders. Also included were a number of special awards to New Zealand military personnel for operational service in Korea. The honours were announced on 1 June 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070601-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Coronation Honours (New Zealand)\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070602-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Coronation Honours (Pakistan)\nThe 1953 Coronation Honours in Pakistan, celebrating the coronation of Elizabeth II, Queen of Pakistan, were appointments made by the Queen on the advice of the Government of Pakistan to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by Pakistanis. The honours were announced on 1 June 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070602-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Coronation Honours (Pakistan)\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070603-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Costa Rican general election\nGeneral elections were held in Costa Rica on 26 July 1953. Jos\u00e9 Figueres Ferrer of the National Liberation Party won the presidential election, whilst his party also won the parliamentary election. Voter turnout was 67.2 percent in the presidential election and 67.5 percent in the parliamentary election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070603-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Costa Rican general election\nThis was Costa Rica's first election since the end of the 1948 Civil War, and democratic guarantees were not fully restored.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070603-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Costa Rican general election\nJos\u00e9 Figueres, the caudillo of the victorious National Liberation Army faction in the Civil War, was the candidate of the newly founded National Liberation Party (PLN). Liberal Mario Echandi tried to be the candidate from then-ruling National Union Party (PUN), but his candidacy was denied by the Electoral Tribunal due to purported irregularities in the adherents' signatures. This move was highly criticized by Figueres' opponents as an action in favor of Figueres' candidacy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070603-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Costa Rican general election\nAs PUN was unable to participate, the only other candidacy alternate to Figueres was made by the Democratic Party, which nominated wealthy industrial magnate Fernando Castro Cervantes. The three parties\u2014PLN, PUN and Democratic\u2014were all formerly united in opposition against the 1940s governments of Rafael Angel Calder\u00f3n and his allies, who were viewed as having caused the civil war. Yet, after the war, such unification ceased.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070603-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Costa Rican general election\nThe losing sides in the civil war, mostly the Republicans (Calder\u00f3n supporters) and the Communists, were unable to participate as the Republicans' party was disbanded and the Communist Party was constitutionally outlawed. The Republicans were nonetheless allowed to participate in the legislative ballot with a provincial party in San Jos\u00e9 called the \"Independent\" Republican Party, and thereby gained some seats. As expected, Figueres won by a landslide victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070604-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Cotton Bowl Classic\nThe 1953 Cotton Bowl Classic featured the Tennessee Volunteers and the Texas Longhorns. This was the first Cotton Bowl Classic to be broadcast on television.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070604-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Cotton Bowl Classic, Background\nThe Longhorns were in their first Bowl appearance under Price, in his second season with the team. They had won the Southwest Conference for the first time since 1950. The Volunteers finished 2nd in the Southeastern Conference in Neyland's final season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 36], "content_span": [37, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070604-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Cotton Bowl Classic, Game summary\nMidway through the first quarter, Dave Griffith was tackled by Carlton Massey for a safety after trying to do a fake punt...on first down. After a fumble by Ray Byrd was recovered by Clifford Polk early in the second quarter, Gib Dawson scored on a 4-yard touchdown run 7 plays later to give Texas a 9-0 lead at halftime. Midway through the fourth quarter, Jim Rosser recovered a Vols fumble and seven plays later, Billy Quinn scored on a touchdown run seal Tennessee's fate as the Longhorns got revenge on what happened two Cotton Bowls earlier. Despite both teams losing three fumbles, Tennessee cost them more dearly and led to 14 points for Texas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 690]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070604-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Cotton Bowl Classic, Aftermath\nPrice would win the SWC again, but a 1-9 season in 1956 led to Price's resignation, leading the way for Darrell Royal to be hired. Harvey Robinson took over for the Vols after Neyland's retirement, but it would take him being fired before the Vols returned to a bowl game under his replacement.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 35], "content_span": [36, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070605-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 County Championship\nThe 1953 County Championship was the 54th officially organised running of the County Championship. Surrey won the Championship title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070605-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 County Championship\nOn 16 May 1953, the match between Surrey and Warwickshire finished within the first day, with Surrey winning by an innings and 49 runs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070605-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 County Championship, Table\nThe match between Northamptonshire and Middlesex at Peterborough ended in a tie, and both sides were awarded six points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 31], "content_span": [32, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070606-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Coupe de France Final\nThe 1953 Coupe de France Final was a football match held at Stade Olympique Yves-du-Manoir, Colombes on May 31, 1953, that saw Lille OSC defeat FC Nancy 2\u20131 thanks to goals by Jean Vincent and Bernard Lef\u00e8vre.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070607-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Crit\u00e9rium du Dauphin\u00e9 Lib\u00e9r\u00e9\nThe 1953 Crit\u00e9rium du Dauphin\u00e9 Lib\u00e9r\u00e9 was the 7th edition of the cycle race and was held from 7 June to 14 June 1953. The race started and finished in Grenoble. The race was won by Lucien Teisseire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070608-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Crosby by-election\nThe Crosby by-election was held on 12 November 1953. It was held due to the incumbent Conservative MP, Malcolm Bullock resigning his seat. The by-election was won by the Conservative candidate Graham Page.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070609-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Cuba census\nThe 1953 Cuba census was the fourteenth national population census held in the Republic of Cuba. The day used for the census, was 28 January 1953. The census revealed a total population of 5,829,029, - an overall increase of 1,050,446 (2.01%) per year over the 1943 census figure.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070609-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Cuba census, Population, Birthplace\nThe number of people living in Cuba who were foreign-born continued to decrease in absolute numbers and percentage from the previous census. In 1953, 230,431 people (3.95 percent) were born outside of Cuba.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 40], "content_span": [41, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070610-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Cup of the Ukrainian SSR\nThe 1953 Ukrainian Cup was a football knockout competition conducting by the Football Federation of the Ukrainian SSR and was known as the Ukrainian Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070610-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Cup of the Ukrainian SSR, Teams, Non-participating teams\nThe Ukrainian teams of masters did not take part in the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 61], "content_span": [62, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070611-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei\nThe 1953 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei was the 16th edition of Romania's most prestigious football cup competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070611-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei\nThe title was won by Flamura Ro\u015fie Arad against CCA Bucure\u0219ti.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 81]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070611-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei, Format\nIn the first round proper, two pots were made, first pot with Divizia A teams and other teams till 16 and the second pot with the rest of teams qualified in this phase. First pot teams will play away. Each tie is played as a single leg.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 26], "content_span": [27, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070611-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei, Format\nIf a match is drawn after 90 minutes, the game goes in extra time, and if the scored is still tight after 120 minutes, the team who plays away will qualify.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 26], "content_span": [27, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070611-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei, Format\nIn case the teams are from same city, there a replay will be played.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 26], "content_span": [27, 95]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070611-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei, Format\nIn case the teams play in the final, there a replay will be played.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 26], "content_span": [27, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070611-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei, Format\nFrom the first edition, the teams from Divizia A entered in competition in sixteen finals, rule which remained till today.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 26], "content_span": [27, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070612-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei Final\nThe 1953 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei Final was the 16th final of Romania's most prestigious football cup competition. It was disputed between CCA Bucure\u0219ti and Flamura Ro\u015fie Arad, and was won by Flamura Ro\u015fie Arad after a game with 1 goal, in extra time. It was the second cup for Flamura Ro\u015fie Arad after the one from 1947\u201348 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070613-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Czechoslovak First League, Overview\nIt was contested by 14 teams, and \u00daDA Praha won the championship. Josef Majer was the league's top scorer with 13 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070614-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Czechoslovak presidential election\nThe 1948 Czechoslovak presidential election took place on 14 June 1953. It was held due to the death of Klement Gottwald. Prime Minister Anton\u00edn Z\u00e1potock\u00fd was elected the new president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070614-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Czechoslovak presidential election, Voting\nKlement Gottwald died on 14 March 1953. At the 14 June election, Z\u00e1potock\u00fd received all 271 votes in the Parliament. He had already been carrying out most presidential duties since Gottwald's death, as per the Constitution.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 47], "content_span": [48, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070615-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 DFB-Pokal Final\nThe 1953 DFB-Pokal Final decided the winner of the 1952\u201353 DFB-Pokal, the 10th season of Germany's knockout football cup competition. It was played on 1 May 1953 at the Rheinstadion in D\u00fcsseldorf. Rot -Weiss Essen won the match 2\u20131 against Alemannia Aachen, to claim their 1st cup title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070615-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 DFB-Pokal Final, Route to the final\nThe DFB-Pokal began with 32 teams in a single-elimination knockout cup competition. There were a total of four rounds leading up to the final. Teams were drawn against each other, and the winner after 90 minutes would advance. If still tied, 30 minutes of extra time was played. If the score was still level, a replay would take place at the original away team's stadium. If still level after 90 minutes, 30 minutes of extra time was played. If the score was still level, a drawing of lots would decide who would advance to the next round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 40], "content_span": [41, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070615-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 DFB-Pokal Final, Route to the final\nNote: In all results below, the score of the finalist is given first (H: home; A: away; N: neutral).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 40], "content_span": [41, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070616-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Dalley by-election\nA by-election was held for the Australian House of Representatives seat of Dalley on 9 May 1953. This was triggered by the death of Labor MP and former Speaker Sol Rosevear.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070617-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Danish Folketing election\nFolketing elections were held alongside Landsting elections in Denmark on 21 April 1953, except in the Faroe Islands where they were held on 7 May. The Social Democratic Party remained the largest in the Folketing, with 61 of the 151 seats. Voter turnout was 80.8% in Denmark proper but just 20% in the Faroes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070617-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Danish Folketing election\nThey were the last elections under the bicameral system, as the Landsting was abolished later in the year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070618-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Danish constitutional and electoral age referendum\nA constitutional and electoral age referendum was held in Denmark on 28 May 1953. Both proposals were approved by voters, leading to both a new constitution taking effect on 5 June, and the electoral age being lowered from 25 to 23 years, also starting on 5 June. Voter turnout was 59.1% for the constitution question and 57.1% for the voting age question.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070618-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Danish constitutional and electoral age referendum, Constitution\nAccording to the previous constitution of 1915, with changes from 1920, in order for a new constitution to pass, it must first be passed in one Rigsdag, which must then be disbanded, a new parliamentary election called, and the new parliament must then also pass the constitution, in unchanged form; and finally, a majority of voters in a referendum, with a requirement of at least 45% turnout, must also pass the proposed constitution. When the referendum took place on May 28, 1953, it concluded the last of these three steps, and the constitution could take effect on June 5.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 69], "content_span": [70, 648]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070618-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Danish constitutional and electoral age referendum, Constitution, Changes from the previous constitution\nThe Ministry of Education of Denmark lists the changes from the previous constitution as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 109], "content_span": [110, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070618-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Danish constitutional and electoral age referendum, Voting age\nOne of the proposed changes in the new constitution was that the electoral age would now be decided by laws that required a binding referendum. Prior to the 1953 referendum, the electoral age was 25 years. The electoral age portion of the referendum asked whether the new electoral age should be 23 or 21 years, with 30.0% voting for 23 years and 25.0% for 21 years, thus passing the former of the two.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 67], "content_span": [68, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070619-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Danish general election\nGeneral elections were held in the Kingdom of Denmark on 22 September 1953, the first under the new constitution. The Social Democratic Party remained the largest in the Folketing, with 74 of the 179 seats. Voter turnout was 80.6% in Denmark proper and 68.6% in Greenland. The electoral threshold was 60,000 votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070619-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Danish general election, Electoral system changes\nThis election was held as a result of the passing of the 1953 Danish constitution. The new election law of 1953 increased the size of the Folketing from 151 to 179 members. The number of district seats was increased from 105 to 135, while the number of levelling seats was decreased to 40. This was the first election in which Greenland elected members.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 54], "content_span": [55, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070619-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Danish general election, Results, Faroe Islands\nOnly two candidates ran in the two-seat Faroes constituency, one from the Union Party and one from the Social Democratic Party. Both were re-elected unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 52], "content_span": [53, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070620-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Danish parliamentary election\nThe 1953 Danish parliamentary election can refer to one of three Danish parliamentary elections held in 1953:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070621-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Dartmouth Indians football team\nThe 1953 Dartmouth Indians football team was an American football team that represented Dartmouth College as an independent during the 1953 college football season. In their 11th season under head coach Tuss McLaughry, the Indians compiled a 2\u20137 record, and were outscored 219 to 152. Bayard Johnson was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070621-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Dartmouth Indians football team\nDartmouth played its home games at Memorial Field on the college campus in Hanover, New Hampshire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070622-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Davis Cup\nThe 1953 Davis Cup was the 42nd edition of the Davis Cup, the most important tournament between national teams in men's tennis. 24 teams entered the Europe Zone, 6 teams entered the America Zone, and India was the sole competitor in the Eastern Zone. This year saw the first appearances in the competition of both Ceylon and a team representing the West Indies. For the first time play took place on the African continent, when the first-round Europe Zone tie between Egypt and Austria was held in Cairo.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070622-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Davis Cup\nThe United States defeated Canada in the America Zone final, and Belgium defeated Denmark in the Europe Zone final. In the Inter-Zonal Zone, Belgium defeated India in the semifinal, and then lost to the United States in the final. In the Challenge Round the United States were defeated by the defending champions Australia. The final was played at Kooyong Stadium in Melbourne, Australia on 28\u201331 December.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070623-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Davis Cup America Zone\nThe America Zone was one of the three regional zones of the 1953 Davis Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070623-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Davis Cup America Zone\n6 teams entered the America Zone, with the winner going on to compete in the Inter-Zonal Zone against the winners of the Eastern Zone and Europe Zone. The United States defeated Canada in the final and progressed to the Inter-Zonal Zone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070624-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Davis Cup Europe Zone\nThe Europe Zone was one of the three regional zones of the 1953 Davis Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070624-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Davis Cup Europe Zone\n24 teams entered the Europe Zone, with the winner going on to compete in the Inter-Zonal Zone against the winners of the America Zone and Eastern Zone. Belgium defeated Denmark in the final and progressed to the Inter-Zonal Zone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070625-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens football team\nThe 1953 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens football team was an American football team that represented the University of Delaware as an independent during the 1953 college football season. In its third season under head coach David M. Nelson, the team compiled a 7\u20131 record and outscored opponents by a total of 201 to 80. Johnny Borreson was the team captain. The team played its home games at Delaware Stadium in Newark, Delaware.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070626-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Delaware State Hornets football team\nThe 1953 Delaware State Hornets football team represented Delaware State College\u2014now known as Delaware State University\u2014as a member of the Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association (CIAA) in the 1953 college football season. 1930s coach Edward Jackson returned, bringing the team back from a 1\u20137 record in 1952, to a 4\u20134 record in 1953. In the last game of the season, the 1934 championship team, who Jackson coached, watched the Hornets win, 19\u201312.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070627-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Denver Pioneers football team\nThe 1953 Denver Pioneers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Denver in the Mountain States Conference (MSC) during the 1953 college football season. In its first season under head coach Bob Blackman, the team compiled a 3\u20135\u20132 record (1\u20135\u20131 against MSC opponents), tied for last place in the conference, and was outscored by a total of 195 to 159.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070628-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Detroit Lions season\nThe 1953 Detroit Lions season was the franchise's 24th season in the National Football League. The Lions won their second consecutive and third overall National Football League (NFL) championship. In their fourth year under head coach Buddy Parker, the Lions compiled a 10\u20132 record during the regular season, outscored opponents 271 to 205, finished in first place in the NFL's Western Division, and defeated the Cleveland Browns 17\u201316 in the NFL Championship Game at Briggs Stadium in Detroit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070628-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Detroit Lions season\nThe 1953 Lions ranked fifth in the NFL in scoring offense. The offense was led by quarterback Bobby Layne who compiled 2,431 yards of total offense (2,088 passing, 343 rushing) and 16 passing touchdowns. Halfback Doak Walker totaled 839 yards from scrimmage, (337 rushing, 502 receiving) and was the team's leading scorer with 93 points on five touchdowns, 12 field goals, and 27 extra points. For the fourth year in a row, Bob Hoernschemeyer was the team's leading rusher, contributed 764 yards from scrimmage (482 rushing, 282 receiving) and scored nine touchdowns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070628-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Detroit Lions season\nThe team also ranked second in the NFL in scoring defense. Defensive back Jack Christiansen led the NFL with 12 interceptions and 238 interception return yards. Eight members of the 1953 Lions were selected as first-team All-NFL players for the 1953 season: middle guard Les Bingaman, Christiansen, offensive guard Lou Creekmur, Hoernschemeyer, Layne, defensive tackle Thurman McGraw, guard Dick Stanfel, and Walker. Seven members of the team, Christiansen, Creekmur, safety Yale Lary, Layne, linebacker Joe Schmidt, guard Dick Stanfel, and Walker, were later inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 630]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070628-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Detroit Lions season, Regular season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 52], "content_span": [53, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070628-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Detroit Lions season, Season summary, Week 1: Pittsburgh\nOn September 27, 1953, the Lions defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers, 38\u201321, before a crowd of 44,587 at Briggs Stadium. Lew Carpenter intercepted a Jim Finks pass and returned it 73 yards for the Lions' first touchdown in the first quarter. The Lions scored 17 points in the second quarter on a one-yard touchdown run by Gene Gedman, a 40-yard field goal by Doak Walker, and a 49-yard touchdown pass from Bobby Layne to Leon Hart.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 61], "content_span": [62, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070628-0004-0001", "contents": "1953 Detroit Lions season, Season summary, Week 1: Pittsburgh\nWalker returned a kickoff 60 yards and scored 14 points on a third-quarter touchdown pass from Layne, the second-quarter field goal, and five extra point kicks. Bob Hoernschemeyer scored Detroit's final touchdown on a 29-yard pass from Layne. Layne passed for 364 yards in the game. In his first regular season NFL game, rookie linebacker Joe Schmidt was, according to the Detroit Free Press, \"making tackles all over the field\" and a key in holding the Steelers to 96 rushing yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 61], "content_span": [62, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070628-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Detroit Lions season, Season summary, Week 2: at Baltimore\nOn October 3, 1953, the Lions won, 27\u201317, in a close game with the Baltimore Colts in a Saturday night game in front of 25,159 spectators at Memorial Stadium in Baltimore. The Lions' passing attack had an off night as the Colts intercepted six of Detroit's 17 passes. Bob Hoernschemeyer scored a touchdown in the first quarter on a 49-yard run that the Detroit Free Press called \"one of the best runs in Lion history\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 63], "content_span": [64, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070628-0005-0001", "contents": "1953 Detroit Lions season, Season summary, Week 2: at Baltimore\nDoak Walker kicked a field goal in the second quarter to give the Lions a 10\u20137 lead, but the Colts responded with a touchdown and field goal to take a 17\u201310 lead at halftime. The Lions responded with 17 points in the third quarter. Yale Lary returned a punt 74 yards for another touchdown, and backup quarterback Tom Dublinski, taking over with the score tied at 17, ran for a touchdown and kicked a field goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 63], "content_span": [64, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070628-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 Detroit Lions season, Season summary, Week 3: San Francisco\nOn October 11, 1953, the Lions defeated the San Francisco 49ers, 24\u201321, in front of a record crowd of 58,079 at Briggs Stadium. The victory broke a five-game losing streak against the 49ers. On the third play from scrimmage, the Lions scored on a 23-yard touchdown pass from Doak Walker to Cloyce Box. Walker also kicked a 23-yard field goal in the first quarter, and Bob Hoernschemeyer ran for a touchdown in the third quarter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 64], "content_span": [65, 493]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070628-0006-0001", "contents": "1953 Detroit Lions season, Season summary, Week 3: San Francisco\nBobby Layne threw a 36-yard touchdown pass to Leon Hart in the third quarter, but the 49ers closed the Lions' lead to three points on a short run by Y. A. Tittle. Jim David and Jack Christiansen hit Tittle as he scored, resulting in a triple fracture of Tittle's cheekbone. Les Bingaman also blocked a San Francisco field goal attempt in the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 64], "content_span": [65, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070628-0007-0000", "contents": "1953 Detroit Lions season, Season summary, Week 4: Los Angeles\nOn October 18, 1953, the Lions lost to the Los Angeles Rams, 31\u201319, in front of a crowd of 55,772 at Briggs Stadium. The defeat broke a six-game winning streak for the Lions, dating back to November 1952. The 31 points allowed was the highest allowed by the Lions since the 1951 season. Woodley Lewis was the star for the Rams, returning punts for 22, 45, and 78 yards (the latter for a touchdown), and kickoffs for 30, 69, 25, and 16 yards. Detroit scored on two touchdown passes from Bobby Layne to Leon Hart (16 yards in the second quarter) and Dorne Dibble (36 yards in the third quarter) and two Doak Walker field goals of 40 and 35 yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 62], "content_span": [63, 707]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070628-0008-0000", "contents": "1953 Detroit Lions season, Season summary, Week 5: at San Francisco\nOn October 25, 1953, the Lions defeated the San Francisco 49ers, 14\u201310, in front of 54,862 spectators at Kezar Stadium in San Francisco. The victory was the first by a Lions team in San Francisco. The 49ers took a 7\u20130 lead in the first quarter on a short run by Joe Perry and extended their lead on a field goal in the second quarter, but were held scoreless for the remainder of the game. Late in the second quarter, the Lions cut the 49ers lead to three points on 47-yard touchdown pass from Bobby Layne to Dorne Dibble.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 67], "content_span": [68, 590]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070628-0008-0001", "contents": "1953 Detroit Lions season, Season summary, Week 5: at San Francisco\nThe Lions scored the winning touchdown in the fourth quarter on a 24-yard pass from Layne to Ollie Cline. The winning touchdown was set up by a fake punt on fourth down, with Yale Lary carrying the ball 21 yards to the San Francisco 24-yard line. Y. A. Tittle, who fractured his cheekbone two weeks earlier against the Lions, appeared briefly in the game and was intercepted on both of his passes. The 49ers outgained the Lions, 351 yards to 239 yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 67], "content_span": [68, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070628-0009-0000", "contents": "1953 Detroit Lions season, Season summary, Week 6: a Los Angeles\nOn November 1, 1953, the Lions lost for the second time to the Los Angeles Rams, 37\u201324, in front of 97,751 spectators at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum. The Lions took a 10\u20130 lead in the first quarter on 38-yard field goal by Doak Walker and a 92-yard interception return by Jack Christiansen. Bobby Layne threw a three-yard touchdown pass to Leon Hart in the second quarter, and the Lions led, 17\u20139, at halftime. The Rams scored 21 unanswered points in the third quarter on a 74-yard run by Skeets Quinlan and two interception returns for touchdown. Norm Van Brocklin extended the Rams' lead to 37\u201317 with a 54-yard touchdown pass to Vitamin Smith early in the fourth quarter. Bob Hoernschemeyer scored a late touchdown on a one-yard run.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 64], "content_span": [65, 807]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070628-0010-0000", "contents": "1953 Detroit Lions season, Season summary, Week 7: Baltimore\nOn Saturday, November 7, 1953, the Lions defeated the Baltimore Colts, 17\u20137, in front of a crowd of 46,508 at Briggs Stadium. The Colts took a 7\u20130 lead in the first quarter on a run by Carl Taseff but were held scoreless in the final three quarters. The Lions tied the game in the second quarter on a 10-yard pass from Bobby Layne to Bob Hoernschemeyer but missed an opportunity to tie when Layne fumbled at Baltimore's one-yard line.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 60], "content_span": [61, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070628-0010-0001", "contents": "1953 Detroit Lions season, Season summary, Week 7: Baltimore\nThe Lions took the lead in the third quarter on a 14-yard field goal by Doak Walker and extended their lead in the fourth quarter as Layne threw an eight-yard pass to Leon Hart. The Detroit defense forced six turnovers, five interceptions of quarterback Fred Enke's passes (including three by Jack Christiansen) and a recovery of a John Huzvar fumble by Jim Cain. Enke completed only four of 15 passes for 69 yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 60], "content_span": [61, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070628-0011-0000", "contents": "1953 Detroit Lions season, Season summary, Week 8: at Green Bay\nOn November 15, 1953, the Lions defeated the Green Bay Packers, 14\u20137, in front of 20,834 spectators at City Stadium in Green Bay. The Packers outgained the Lions, 394 yards to 303, but the Lions intercepted four passes (three by Yale Lary in the second half) to halt Green Bay's drives. Detroit's touchdowns came on passes by Bobby Layne \u2013 an 83-yard completion to Doak Walker in the second quarter and a 22-yard completion to Leon Hart in the fourth quarter. The second touchdown deflected off a defensive back's hands and was caught by Hart at knee level. Harley Sewell and Bob Forte were ejected from the game in the fourth quarter for fighting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 63], "content_span": [64, 712]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070628-0012-0000", "contents": "1953 Detroit Lions season, Season summary, Week 9: at Chicago\nOn November 22, 1953, the Lions defeated the Chicago Bears, 20\u201316, in front of a crowd of 36,165 at Wrigley Field in Chicago. Doak Walker scored all 20 Detroit points, and the Lions intercepted four of George Blanda's passes. The teams traded field goals by Blanda and Walker in the first quarter, and each scored touchdowns in the second quarter, though the Bears missed their extra point. Bob Hoernschemeyer scored for the Lions on a one-yard run. In the third period, the Bears took a 16\u201310 lead on a 55-yard touchdown pass from Blanda to Bill McColl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 61], "content_span": [62, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070628-0012-0001", "contents": "1953 Detroit Lions season, Season summary, Week 9: at Chicago\nWalker kicked his second field goal late in the third quarter, and the Lions took the lead in the fourth quarter after a long field goal attempt by Walker fell short, and Detroit center Vince Banonis downed the ball at the one-yard line. Blanda threw a pass from deep in Chicago territory, and Bob Smith recovered the ball and returned it to the six-yard line. Walker then scored the winning touchdown on a two-yard run. The Lions gained a season-high 447 yards in the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 61], "content_span": [62, 536]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070628-0013-0000", "contents": "1953 Detroit Lions season, Season summary, Week 10: Green Bay\nOn Thursday, November 26, 1953, in the annual Thanksgiving Day game at Briggs Stadium, the Lions defeated the Green Bay Packers, 34\u201315, before a crowd of 52,607. The game was played under the lights in snow squalls in what the Detroit Free Press dubbed the game a \"comedy of errors\". The teams combined for 13 turnovers \u2013 seven by the Lions (five on interceptions, two on fumbles) and six by the Packers (three on interceptions, three on fumbles). At one point, Tom Dublinski and Babe Parilli threw interceptions on three consecutive plays.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 61], "content_span": [62, 602]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070628-0013-0001", "contents": "1953 Detroit Lions season, Season summary, Week 10: Green Bay\nAfter Joe Schmidt intercepted a Parilli pass early in the first quarter, Bob Hoernschemeyer scored on a short run, but the Packers then scored 15 unanswered points to take a 15\u20137 half time lead. The Lions responded with 27 unanswered points in the second half. The Lions' comeback began with the longest touchdown pass in team history \u2013 a 97-yard pass (65 yards in the air) from Bobby Layne to Cloyce Box early in the third quarter. Hoernschemeyer ran 41 yards for a touchdown later in the third quarter, and Gene Gedman ran four yards for the Lions final touchdown early in the fourth quarter. Jim Martin completed the scoring with two fourth-quarter field goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 61], "content_span": [62, 726]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070628-0014-0000", "contents": "1953 Detroit Lions season, Season summary, Week 11: Chicago\nOn December 6, 1953, the Lions defeated the Bears, 13\u20137, in front of a crowd of 58,056, the second largest of the season, at Briggs Stadium. It was the first time the Lions had beaten the Bears twice in the same season since. The Lions took a 13\u20130 lead in the first half as Doak Walker kicked field goals of 41 and 36 yards, and Bobby Layne threw a 38-yard touchdown pass to Dorne Dibble. Walker's second field goal gave him a Lions' club record with 12 field goals for the season. Layne, playing with a sore arm, completed six of 17 passes for 137 yards. The Detroit Free Press credited the \"sparkling play\" of Lions' defensive halfbacks with the victory, as they intercepted five of George Blanda's passes. The defense also held the Bears to 54 rushing yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 59], "content_span": [60, 821]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070628-0015-0000", "contents": "1953 Detroit Lions season, Season summary, Week 12: at New York\nOn December 13, 1953, the Lions clinched the NFL Western Division championship with a 27\u201316 victory over the New York Giants in front of 28,390 spectators at the Polo Grounds in New York. Bobby Layne threw two touchdown passes in the first half \u2013 a 25-yard completion to Leon Hart and a 34-yard completion to Doak Walker. Walker also ran 50 yards for a touchdown in the third quarter. The Giants mounted a comeback in the fourth quarter with a touchdown and a safety, closing the score to 20\u201316.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 63], "content_span": [64, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070628-0015-0001", "contents": "1953 Detroit Lions season, Season summary, Week 12: at New York\nThe Giants threatened three more times in the fourth quarter, but the defense intercepted two passes and stopped Frank Gifford on a fourth-down play at the one-yard line. After a Bob Smith interception, Gene Gedman sealed the Lions' victory with a four-yard run touchdown run late in the fourth quarter. With five interceptions in the game, the Lions totaled 38 for the season \u2013 four behind the NFL record of 42.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 63], "content_span": [64, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070628-0016-0000", "contents": "1953 Detroit Lions season, Season summary, NFL Championship Game\nOn December 27, 1953, the Lions played the Cleveland Browns in the 1953 NFL Championship Game at Briggs Stadium in Detroit. Playing before a crowd of 54,577, the Lions defeated the Browns, 17\u201316. The Lions took a 7\u20130 lead in the first quarter on a one-yard touchdown run by Doak Walker. Walker and Lou Groza both kicked field goals in the second quarter, and the Lions led, 10\u20133, at halftime. In the second half, the Browns scored 13 unanswered points and led, 16\u201310, with less than five minutes remaining in the fourth quarter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 64], "content_span": [65, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070628-0016-0001", "contents": "1953 Detroit Lions season, Season summary, NFL Championship Game\nThe Lions drove 80 yards for a touchdown, capped by a 33-yard pass from Bobby Layne to Jim Doran with two minutes left in the game. On the ensuing drive, Carl Karilivacz intercepted an Otto Graham pass to clinch the victory. The Lions' defensive backfield as a whole contributed to the victory, limiting Graham, a Pro Football Hall of Fame inductee, to two completions (and an equal number of interceptions) on 15 passes for a total of four passing yards. The Detroit Free Press called it Graham's \"darkest day in eight years of pro ball.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 64], "content_span": [65, 604]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070628-0017-0000", "contents": "1953 Detroit Lions season, Awards, honors and league leaders, Team awards\nAt the end of the regular season, the Lions players voted offensive guard Dick Stanfel as the team's most valuable player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 73], "content_span": [74, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070628-0018-0000", "contents": "1953 Detroit Lions season, Awards, honors and league leaders, All-NFL honors\nThe following eight Lions players won All-Pro honors from the Associated Press (AP), United Press International (UPI) and/or the New York Daily News:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 76], "content_span": [77, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070628-0019-0000", "contents": "1953 Detroit Lions season, Awards, honors and league leaders, Pro Bowl\nIn addition, seven Lions players were selected 1954 Pro Bowl:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 70], "content_span": [71, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070628-0020-0000", "contents": "1953 Detroit Lions season, Awards, honors and league leaders, NFL leaders\nSeveral Lions players were also among the NFL leaders in various statistical categories, including the following:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 73], "content_span": [74, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070628-0021-0000", "contents": "1953 Detroit Lions season, Awards, honors and league leaders, Pro Football Hall of Fame\nSix members of the team were later inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame. They are:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 87], "content_span": [88, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070629-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Detroit Tigers season\nThe 1953 Detroit Tigers season was a season in American baseball. The team finished sixth in the American League with a record of 60\u201394, 40\u00bd games behind the New York Yankees.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070629-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 71], "content_span": [72, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070629-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 64], "content_span": [65, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070629-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070629-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 66], "content_span": [67, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070629-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 67], "content_span": [68, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070630-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Detroit Titans football team\nThe 1953 Detroit Titans football team represented the University of Detroit in the Missouri Valley Conference (MVC) during the 1953 college football season. In its third year under head coach Dutch Clark, Detroit compiled a 6\u20134 record (3\u20131 against conference opponents), tied for the MVC championship, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 231 to 124.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070630-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Detroit Titans football team\nThe team's assistant coaches were Wally Fromhart (backfield coach, third year), Kenneth L. Stilley (line coach, first year), Edmund J. Barbour (freshman coach since 1931), and Dr. Raymond D. Forsyth (team physician). The team co-captains were guard Denny McCotter and tackle Dick Martwick.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070631-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Divizia A\nThe 1953 Divizia A was the thirty-sixth season of Divizia A, the top-level football league of Romania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070631-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Divizia A, Champion squad\nGoalkeepers: Costic\u0103 Toma (7 / 0); Ion Voinescu (8 / 0); Liviu Coman (7 / 0). Defenders: Vasile Zavoda (10 / 0); Alexandru Apolzan (13 / 1); Traian Iv\u0103nescu (20 / 1); Nicolae Top\u0219a (3 / 0); Victor Dumitrescu (8 / 0); Nicolae Dodeanu (7 / 0); Alexandru Karika\u0219 (6 / 0). Midfielders: \u0218tefan Balint (13 / 0); Tiberiu Bone (20 / 4); \u0218tefan Onisie (2 / 0).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 30], "content_span": [31, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070631-0001-0001", "contents": "1953 Divizia A, Champion squad\nForwards: Victor Moldovan (17 / 7); Francisc Zavoda (11 / 2); J\u00f3zsef Pecsovszky (10 / 3); Nicolae Dr\u0103gan (14 / 2); Mihai Flamaropol (8 / 1); Nicolae T\u0103taru (10 / 0); Petre Moldoveanu (12 / 0); Petre B\u0103dean\u021bu (8 / 0); Constantin Titi Popescu (2 / 0); Iosif Kajlik (4 / 0); Iosif Meszaros (3 / 0); Mihai Sm\u0103r\u0103ndescu (1 / 0); Ion Alecsandrescu (8 / 2); Ladislau Vlad (5 / 0). (league appearances and goals listed in brackets)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 30], "content_span": [31, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070631-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Divizia A, Champion squad\nManager: Gheorghe Popescu I / Ferenc R\u00f3nay / Ilie Savu.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 30], "content_span": [31, 86]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070632-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Divizia B\nThe 1953 Divizia B was the 14th season of the second tier of the Romanian football league system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070632-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Divizia B\nThe format with two series has been maintained, but each of them being expanded from 12 to 16. At the end of the season the winners of the series and one second place promoted to Divizia A and only the teams which had organizational problems relegated to District Championship, because the series would be expanded from the next season. This was the fourth season played in the spring-autumn system, a system imposed by the new leadership of the country which were in close ties with the Soviet Union.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 516]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070633-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Drexel Dragons football team\nThe 1953 Drexel Dragons football team represented the Drexel Institute of Technology (renamed Drexel University in 1970) as an independent during the 1953 college football season. Eddie Allen was the team's head coach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070634-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Duke Blue Devils baseball team\nThe 1953 Duke Blue Devils baseball team represented Duke University in the 1953 NCAA baseball season. The Blue Devils played their home games at Jack Coombs Field. The team was coached by Ace Parker in his 1st year at Duke.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070634-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Duke Blue Devils baseball team\nThe Blue Devils won the District III playoff to advanced to the College World Series, where they were defeated by the Boston College Eagles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070635-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Duke Blue Devils football team\nThe 1953 Duke Blue Devils football team represented the Duke Blue Devils of Duke University during the 1953 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070635-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Duke Blue Devils football team\nDuke won a share of the 1953 ACC Championship, and finished the season ranked 18th in the final AP poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070636-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Dulwich Hill state by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly seat of Dulwich Hill on 20 June 1953 because of the resignation of George Weir (Labor) to accept an appointment as a judge of the New South Wales Industrial Commission.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070637-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Dunedin mayoral election\nThe 1953 Dunedin mayoral election was part of the New Zealand local elections held that same year. In 1953, elections were held for the Mayor of Dunedin plus other local government positions including twelve city councillors. The polling was conducted using the standard first-past-the-post electoral method.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070637-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Dunedin mayoral election, Campaign\nLen Wright, the incumbent Mayor, was re-elected for a second term. He defeated a spirited challenge from Phil Connolly the sitting Labour MP for Dunedin Central, who despite losing the mayoralty was elected to the Otago Harbour Board, where he became deputy-chairman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070637-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Dunedin mayoral election, Campaign\nA major talking point in the lead up to the election was the potential of a clash with the 1953 Royal Tour. There were proposals to postpone local elections until early 1954 over fears of reduced turnout due to a conflicted schedule. The proposals were considered by the Minister of Internal Affairs William Bodkin, who ultimately decided against it.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070638-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Dutch Grand Prix\nThe 1953 Dutch Grand Prix was a Formula Two race held on 7 June 1953 at the Circuit Zandvoort. It was race 3 of 9 in the 1953 World Championship of Drivers, which was run to Formula Two rules in 1952 and 1953, rather than the Formula One regulations normally used. The 90-lap race was won by Ferrari driver Alberto Ascari after he started from pole position. His teammate Nino Farina finished second and Maserati drivers Jos\u00e9 Froil\u00e1n Gonz\u00e1lez and Felice Bonetto came in third", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070638-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Dutch Grand Prix, Race report\nThe Dutch Grand Prix, which had been held in August the previous year, moved to an earlier June calendar slot in 1953. Ferrari retained the same four drivers who had competed at Buenos Aires\u2014Alberto Ascari, Luigi Villoresi, Nino Farina and Mike Hawthorn\u2014while there was also a privateer Ferrari for Frenchman Louis Rosier. The Scuderia's most significant competition came from the Maserati team, who came to Zandvoort with three of their four drivers from the Argentine Grand Prix: Juan Manuel Fangio, Jos\u00e9 Froil\u00e1n Gonz\u00e1lez and Felice Bonetto. Swiss driver Toulo de Graffenried raced in a privateer Maserati for Enrico Plat\u00e9's team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 34], "content_span": [35, 667]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070638-0001-0001", "contents": "1953 Dutch Grand Prix, Race report\nGordini also entered three cars for this event, with Maurice Trintignant and Harry Schell (who had shared Trintignant's car at Buenos Aires) being retained from their lineup for Argentina. Roberto Mieres made his Grand Prix debut in the team's third car. The Connaught works team retained Kenneth McAlpine and Stirling Moss from their lineup for the previous European race, the Italian Grand Prix, while fellow British driver Roy Salvadori also drove for the team, and Johnny Claes entered a privateer Connaught. HWM also stuck with the drivers who had competed for them in Monza\u2014Peter Collins and Lance Macklin\u2014while Ken Wharton completed the field in his privateer Cooper-Bristol.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 34], "content_span": [35, 717]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070638-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Dutch Grand Prix, Race report\nAscari took his fifth consecutive pole position (excluding the Indy 500, in which none of the European teams competed), and he was joined on the front row by Fangio in his Maserati and the second Ferrari of Farina. Villoresi in the third Ferrari started from the second row, alongside the Maserati of Gonz\u00e1lez, while the third row consisted of Hawthorn in the remaining works Ferrari and a pair of privateers\u2014de Graffenried in a Maserati and Rosier in his Ferrari. The final works Maserati of Bonetto could only manage to qualify on the fifth row of the grid, starting from thirteenth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 34], "content_span": [35, 620]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070638-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Dutch Grand Prix, Race report\nThe race was held in very difficult conditions \u2013 the track was made slippery by loose grit. The Ferraris had better road holding and once again Alberto Ascari led from start to finish, while the main competition for second place was between his teammates Farina and Villoresi. Farina ultimately finished second, while Villoresi, who took the point for fastest lap, was forced to retire with a throttle issue. A problem with his suspension forced Gonz\u00e1lez to retire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 34], "content_span": [35, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070638-0003-0001", "contents": "1953 Dutch Grand Prix, Race report\nThree laps later, however, he took over his teammate Felice Bonetto's car and ran out the winner of an exciting duel with Mike Hawthorn, once again depriving Ferrari of a 1-2-3. Gonz\u00e1lez and Bonetto shared the four points for third place. Fangio retired with a broken back axle, having been in fourth behind the leading Ferrari trio at the time. Toulo de Graffenried took the final points position in fifth, his first points since the 1951 Swiss Grand Prix.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 34], "content_span": [35, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070638-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Dutch Grand Prix, Race report\nAscari's eight consecutive World Championship race victory (ignoring the Indianapolis 500) gave him a clear lead in the points standings. He was eight points clear of Bill Vukovich, the winner at Indianapolis, while his nearest genuine rivals for the Drivers' Championship were his teammates Villoresi and Farina, who were in third and fourth, respectively. Gonz\u00e1lez and Hawthorn were level on points with Farina, eleven points adrift of Ascari.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 34], "content_span": [35, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070639-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 East Carolina Pirates football team\nThe 1953 East Carolina Pirates football team was an American football team that represented represented East Carolina College (now known as East Carolina University) as a member of the North State Conference during the 1953 college football season. In their second season under head coach Jack Boone, the team compiled a 8\u20132 record and as conference champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070640-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Edmonton municipal election\nThe 1953 municipal election was held October 14, 1953 to elect six aldermen to sit on Edmonton City Council and four trustees to sit on the separate school board, while the mayor and four trustees for the public school board were acclaimed. The electorate also decided five plebiscite questions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070640-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Edmonton municipal election\nThere were ten aldermen on city council, but four of the positions were already filled:Edwin Clarke, James MacDonald, Frederick John Mitchell, and Ethel Wilson were all elected to two-year terms in 1952 and were still in office. Richmond Francis Hanna (SS) had also been elected to a two-year term in 1952, but had been elected to the House of Commons of Canada and had resigned; consequently, Hu Harries (SS) was elected alderman for a one-year term to complete his term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 505]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070640-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Edmonton municipal election\nThere were seven trustees on the public school board, but three of the positions were already filled: Charles Cummins, Robert Rae, and Harry Fowler had been acclaimed to two-year terms in 1952 and were still in office. The same was true on the separate board, where Francis Killeen, James O'Hara, and Adrian Crowe (SS) were continuing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070640-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Edmonton municipal election, Voter turnout\nThere were 12,146 ballots cast out of 107,687 eligible voters, for a voter turnout of 11.2%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 47], "content_span": [48, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070640-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Paving\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $1,250,000 for the City share of paving arterial and residential streets?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 62], "content_span": [63, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070640-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Engineering Equipment\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $200,000 for the purpose of buying Engineers Department Equipment, consisting of scavenging equipment, oil distributor, front end loaders, oil and gas tenders, sweepers and other construction equipment?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 77], "content_span": [78, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070640-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Swimming Pool Renovations\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $75,000 for providing new filtration system and reconstructing dressing rooms and sun deck area in Borden Park Swimming Pool?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 81], "content_span": [82, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070640-0007-0000", "contents": "1953 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Playgrounds\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $50,000 to develop public playgrounds, playground shelters, wading pools and to provide other public recreation facilities?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 67], "content_span": [68, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070640-0008-0000", "contents": "1953 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, New Building at the Royal Alexandra Hospital\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $355,000 being part of the cost of construction of a building to contain kitchen and dining room, storage and other facilities, at the Royal Alexandra Hospital?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 100], "content_span": [101, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070641-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Ekstraklasa, Overview\n12 teams competed in the 1953 season. Ruch Chorz\u00f3w won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 26], "content_span": [27, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070642-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Emperor's Cup, Overview\nIt was contested by 16 teams. All Kwangaku won the final and the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 28], "content_span": [29, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070643-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Emperor's Cup Final\n1953 Emperor's Cup Final was the 33rd final of the Emperor's Cup  football competition. The final was played at Nishikyogoku Athletic Stadium in Kyoto on May 5, 1953. All Kwangaku won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070643-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Emperor's Cup Final, Overview\nAll Kwangaku won the championship, by defeating Osaka Club 5\u20134. All Kwangaku was featured a squad consisting of Ryuzo Hiraki, Shigeo Sugimoto, Masanori Tokita, Arawa Kimura and Takashi Tokuhiro. Osaka Club was featured a squad consisting of Taizo Kawamoto, Toshio Iwatani, Taro Kagawa and Osamu Yamaji.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070644-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 English Greyhound Derby\nThe 1953 Greyhound Derby Final took place during June with the final being held on 27 June 1953 at White City Stadium. The winner was Daws Dancer and the winning owner Mr D J Fitzgerald received \u00a31,250.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070644-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 English Greyhound Derby, Final result, Distances\n\u00bd, 2\u00bc, 2\u00bc, 1\u00bc, \u00bd (lengths)The distances between the greyhounds are in finishing order and shown in lengths. From 1950 one length was equal to 0.08 of one second.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 53], "content_span": [54, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070644-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 English Greyhound Derby, Competition Report\nEndless Gossip returned to defend his Derby title that he won in 1952 and was quoted 8-1 joint second ante-post favourite by the bookmakers for the event along with Pall Mall Stakes champion Marsh Harrier. The market leader at 7-1 was Ollys Pal. On the eve of the first round Marsh Harrier and another leading runner Bargain Hunter were both withdrawn lame. The first round brought some surprises, Dublin Darkie won at 20-1 and then a puppy called Daws Dancer beat Endless Gossip, but the latter still progressed and remained favourite for the competition. Ollys Pal encountered a large amount of trouble but impressed by still qualifying.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 48], "content_span": [49, 688]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070644-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 English Greyhound Derby, Competition Report\nThe second round resulted with many favourites being eliminated. A four way battle between Glittering Look, Small Town, Daws Dancer and Endless Gossip ended with a photo finish that showed Daws Dancer holding on for third place by a short head from the defending champion. Polonius claimed the heat that saw the elimination of Ollys Pal, whilst Galtee Cleo had posted 28.76 in the same round and was installed as the new favourite.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 48], "content_span": [49, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070644-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 English Greyhound Derby, Competition Report\nGlittering Look won the first semi-final holding off the challenge of Daws Dancer and Small Town but Galtee Cleo remained the favourite after winning the second semi-final to remain unbeaten in the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 48], "content_span": [49, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070644-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 English Greyhound Derby, Competition Report\nThe draw for the final (which did not carry seeding*) resulted in the wide running Galtee Cleo drawing trap one. Daws Dancer a 10-1 shot, had made it through to the final with two third place finishes and made a good break in the decider leading Galtee Cleo to the first bend; Galtee Cleo swung wide as expected and was baulked and also interfered with others including Glittering Look who was going well at this stage. Galtee Cleo recovered well but could not make up the ground lost to Daws Dancer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 48], "content_span": [49, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070644-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 English Greyhound Derby, Competition Report\nNote*Seeding (the allocation of greyhounds and trap numbers based on their running style)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 48], "content_span": [49, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070645-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 English cricket season\n1953 was the 54th season of County Championship cricket in England. There was a tight Test series between England and Australia that was settled, after four drawn matches, in the final Test at The Oval, where England won to reclaim The Ashes for the first time since the Bodyline series of 1932\u201333. The County Championship was won by Surrey for the second consecutive season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070646-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Estonian SSR Football Championship\nThe 1953 Estonian SSR Football Championship was won by Tallinna D\u00fcnamo.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070647-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 European Amateur Boxing Championships\nThe 1953 European Amateur Boxing Championships  were held in Warsaw, Poland from May 17 to May 24. The tenth edition of the bi-annual competition was organised by the European governing body for amateur boxing, EABA. There were 117 fighters from 19 countries participating.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070648-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 European Figure Skating Championships\nThe 1953 European Figure Skating Championships were held in Dortmund, West Germany from January 22 to 25. Elite senior-level figure skaters from European ISU member nations competed for the title of European Champion in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, and pair skating.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070649-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 European Rowing Championships\nThe 1953 European Rowing Championships were rowing championships held on Lake Bagsv\u00e6rd near the Danish capital Copenhagen. Men competed in all seven Olympic boat classes (M1x, M2x, M2-, M2+, M4-, M4+, M8+). The regatta was also the third test event for international women's rowing organised by the International Rowing Federation (FISA), with nine countries competing in four boat classes (W1x, W2x, W4+, W8+) over the shorter race distance of 1,000\u00a0m (men competed over 2,000\u00a0m). The purpose of the test event was to see whether women's rowing should formally become part of the FISA-organised European Rowing Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 661]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070649-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 European Rowing Championships, Women's test event\nThe women\u2019s test event was the third regatta organised to check whether international women's rowing was viable. Four countries had competed at the previous test events (M\u00e2con in 1951 and Amsterdam in 1952): France, Great Britain, the Netherlands, and Denmark. In 1953, the four initial countries were joined by Norway, Finland, Austria, West Germany and Poland. The same four boat classes (W1x, W2x, W4+, W8+) as in the two previous years were contested.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 54], "content_span": [55, 510]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070649-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 European Rowing Championships, Women's test event\nThere were only three boats entered for the eight event and a single race decided the medals: the Netherlands won gold, silver went to Great Britain, and the Danish crew was awarded bronze.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 54], "content_span": [55, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070649-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 European Rowing Championships, Women's test event\nAs part of the 1953 European Championships, FISA held a congress in Copenhagen. It was decided for women's rowing to become an official part of the European Championships, with the first full event to be held as part of the 1954 European Rowing Championships in Amsterdam. In addition, a fifth boat class was added to the regatta from 1954: coxed quad scull.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 54], "content_span": [55, 413]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070650-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 FA Charity Shield\nThe 1953 Football Association Charity Shield was the 29th FA Charity Shield, an annual football match played between the winners of the previous season's Football League First Division and FA Cup competitions. It was held at Highbury Stadium on 12 October 1953. The game was played between Arsenal, champions of the 1952\u201353 Football League and Blackpool, who had beaten Bolton Wanderers to win the 1953 FA Cup Final. This was Blackpool's first FA Charity Shield appearance to Arsenal's ninth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070650-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 FA Charity Shield\nIn the match, Blackpool started strongly and scored first with Stan Mortensen's goal in the 30th minute. Against the run of play, however, Arsenal equalised through Tommy Lawton and in the second half they went ahead when Doug Lishman reacted first to a rebounded shot. Lishman scored his second of the match in the 80th minute, which sealed a seventh Charity Shield honour for Arsenal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070650-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 FA Charity Shield, Background\nThe FA Charity Shield was founded in 1908 as a successor to the Sheriff of London Charity Shield. It was a contest between the respective champions of the Football League and Southern League, and then by 1913 teams of amateur and professional players. In 1921, it was played by the Football League champions and FA Cup winners for the first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070650-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 FA Charity Shield, Background\nArsenal qualified for the 1953 FA Charity Shield as champions of the 1952\u201353 Football League First Division. The other Charity Shield place went to Blackpool who won the 1952\u201353 FA Cup. The final of the competition, which pitted Blackpool against Bolton Wanderers, was best remembered for Stanley Matthews' performance, and later associated by his name. The 1953 Shield marked Blackpool's first appearance in the annual contest. By contrast, this was Arsenal's ninth Charity Shield appearance; prior to the game they had won six Shields (1930, 1931, 1933, 1934, 1938 and 1948), and lost two (1935 and 1936).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 642]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070650-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 FA Charity Shield, Background\nArsenal announced their team two days before the match, recalling Cliff Holton who had recovered from injury. Blackpool refused to reveal their team until the evening of 12 October, but manager Joe Smith did confirm to the press that Matthews would start.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070650-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 FA Charity Shield, Match, Summary\nOn a foggy, floodlit night at Highbury, it was the visitors who dominated the early proceedings; The Times football correspondent assessing that Blackpool's forward line had \"\u2026flowed sweetly, the ball on the ground in the most lovely [sic], sweeping movements.\" Matthews was at the heart of their best moves and, in particular, one pass through the Arsenal defence sent Bill Perry clear on goal. He tripped over the incoming Arsenal goalkeeper Jack Kelsey, but quickly managed to get up. With Kelsey out of his line, Perry was presented with the chance to score, but his shot hit the post. Blackpool continued to create chances and went ahead after 30 minutes of play. Breaking forward with the ball from the half-way line, Matthews combined with his team-mate Ernie Taylor, which culminated in Stan Mortensen getting the better of his marker and shooting past Kelsey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 38], "content_span": [39, 907]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070650-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 FA Charity Shield, Match, Summary\nDespite Blackpool's dominance, Arsenal managed to equalise seconds before half-time. From the left wing, Holton got the better of his opponent Eddie Shimwell by taking the ball off him, and proceeded to cross; the ball found Tommy Lawton who scored from the byline. Once play resumed in the second half, Blackpool struggled to reproduce the same kind of intensity that had merited their earlier lead. Arsenal dictated play the longer the match went on, and looked more assured in defence \u2013 The Times singled out Mercer\u2019s growing influence, adding \"\u2026one noticed the improvement of [Bill] Dodgin at centre-half, and the high promise of young [Len] Wills, playing only his second game at right back.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 38], "content_span": [39, 736]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070650-0007-0000", "contents": "1953 FA Charity Shield, Match, Summary\nArsenal took the lead in the 65th minute when Jimmy Logie's pass was collected by Holton. His shot at goal rebounded into the path of Doug Lishman, who was following up, and he scored. Ten minutes before the end, a cross by Don Roper into Blackpool\u2019s penalty area was headed down by Lawton; the ball reached Lishman who scored again to make sure of Arsenal's win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 38], "content_span": [39, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070650-0008-0000", "contents": "1953 FA Charity Shield, Match, Summary\nThe Shield was presented to Arsenal by Lord Alexander of Tunis, the Minister of Defence. Gate receipts for the match totalled \u00a36,589. In his assessment of the game, The Manchester Guardian's football correspondent John Woodcock wrote: \"The football was not the only thing that had been of a high order. The sportsmanship and spirit in which it was played had been in every way as fine.\" Arsenal ended the season 12th in the First Division, and reached the fourth round of the FA Cup. Blackpool finished six positions higher in the league, but progressed no further than the fifth round of the cup competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 38], "content_span": [39, 648]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070651-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 FA Cup Final\nThe 1953 FA Cup Final, also known as the Matthews Final, was the eighth to be held at Wembley Stadium after the Second World War. The football match was contested between Blackpool and Bolton Wanderers, with Blackpool winning 4\u20133, equalling the record for the highest scoring FA Cup Final which had been set in the final of 1890. The match became famous for the performance of Blackpool winger Stanley Matthews, after whom it was nicknamed. It was the third FA Cup Final (after those in 1890 and 1894) to feature a hat-trick, scored by Blackpool's Stan Mortensen. Blackpool were making their third FA Cup final appearance in six years having been losing finalists twice, in 1948 and 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 706]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070651-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 FA Cup Final\nIn February 2010, the boots worn by Matthews in the match were auctioned at Bonhams in Chester for \u00a338,400, to an undisclosed buyer and in November 2014 Matthews' winning medal was sold for \u00a3220,000. The match ball fetched \u00a35,250 in 2018.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070651-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 FA Cup Final, Match summary\nMatthews inspired his team to come from 3\u20131 down against Bolton Wanderers, to win 4\u20133, and on a personal note, he claimed the trophy that had eluded him in two previous finals. Despite the final being more famous for the heroics of Matthews, Stan Mortensen scored three goals for Blackpool on the day, becoming the first and only player to have scored an FA Cup Final hat-trick at the original Wembley Stadium. Bill Perry scored the winning goal, following another Matthews' assist. Nat Lofthouse, who scored Bolton's first goal, scored in every round of that year's FA Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 32], "content_span": [33, 607]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070651-0002-0001", "contents": "1953 FA Cup Final, Match summary\nBolton took the lead after just 75 seconds with a Nat Lofthouse shot. Mortensen equalised after 35 minutes with a deflected \"cross-shot\". Four minutes later, Bolton took the lead again when Willie Moir outstripped Blackpool's goalkeeper George Farm after short crossing pass of Bobby Langton and Bolton went in at half-time 2\u20131 ahead. Ten minutes into the second half, Eric Bell, playing through injury with a torn hamstring, put Bolton further ahead, a lead they kept for 13 minutes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 32], "content_span": [33, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070651-0002-0002", "contents": "1953 FA Cup Final, Match summary\nThen came the turnaround for which the match has become famous, when Matthews proved to be the inspiration for a Blackpool comeback. His cross from the right wing, with 22 minutes remaining, was met by Mortensen who netted his and Blackpool's second goal. Then, with less than two minutes remaining, Mortensen completed his hat-trick and Blackpool's comeback to equalise directly from a free-kick. Then, with just seconds remaining, Matthews again crossed from the right wing. His cross, which passed just behind Mortensen, was met by Bill Perry, whose shot made the score 4\u20133 and won the match for the Seasiders. Even Nat Lofthouse, in defeat, is said to have stood and applauded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 32], "content_span": [33, 714]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070651-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 FA Cup Final, Match summary, Coverage\nThe match was considered the first major TV audience for a sporting event. Televisions had been bought or rented by many households for the forthcoming Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II. On Radio the match was broadcast in full on the BBC World Service and the second half on the domestic Light Programme. After this final proved to be so popular, the Cup Final was given its own standalone slot and broadcast in full on TV and radio.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 42], "content_span": [43, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070652-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 FAMAS Awards\nThe 1st Filipino Academy of Movie Arts and Sciences Awards Night was held on July 16, 1953, in Hotel Riviera Mansion, Dewey Boulevard (now Roxas Boulevard). Sawa sa Lumang Simboryo produced by Manuel Vistan Jr. is the first recipient of FAMAS Award for Best Picture.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070653-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 FC Dinamo Bucure\u0219ti season\nThe 1953 season was Dinamo Bucure\u0219ti's fifth season in Divizia A. For the third year in a row, Dinamo ends the championship in the second place, three points from the champions CCA Bucharest. Titus Ozon won for the second consecutive year the Division A top scorer with 12 goals this season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070653-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 FC Dinamo Bucure\u0219ti season\nGames from rounds 9 to 11 were played in Bucharest because of a decision made by Football Central Committee, in order to see all the players for the national team. Thus, the match between \u015etiin\u0163a Cluj and Dinamo, originally scheduled in Cluj-Napoca, held in Bucharest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070653-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 FC Dinamo Bucure\u0219ti season\nThe game between Dinamo and Casa Armatei C\u00e2mpulung Moldovenesc, in the 16th round, never took place, the Bucovina club being disbanded, following a decision taken by the Republican Association CCA to have only one representative in football (in this case CCA Bucharest).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070653-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 FC Dinamo Bucure\u0219ti season, Squad\nStandard team: Iosif Fuleiter (Constantin Constantinescu) \u2013 Iosif Sz\u00f6k\u0151, Ladislau B\u0103cu\u021b, Florian Ambru (Anton Fodor) \u2013 Gheorghe B\u0103cu\u021b, Valeriu C\u0103linoiu (Viliam Florescu) \u2013 Dan Ion S\u00e2rbu (Nicolae Voinescu), Carol Bartha, Ion Suru, Nicolae Dumitru, Titus Ozon (Alexandru Ene).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 38], "content_span": [39, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070653-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 FC Dinamo Bucure\u0219ti season, Squad\nAt the end of the first half of the season, coach Iuliu Baratky left the club and was replaced by Angelo Niculescu.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 38], "content_span": [39, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070653-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 FC Dinamo Bucure\u0219ti season, Squad, Transfers\nSince the transfers were discouraged by the Federation, Dinamo has a few players during the inter-competitive, only five players from Dinamo Orasul Stalin, which included Nicolae Voinescu.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 49], "content_span": [50, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070654-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 FC Steaua Bucure\u0219ti season\nThe 1953 season was FC Steaua Bucure\u0219ti's 6th season since its founding in 1947.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070655-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 FIBA World Championship for Women\nThe 1953 FIBA World Championship for Women(Spanish: 1953 Campeonato Mundial FIBA Femenino) was the first edition of the FIBA Women's Basketball World Cup. It was held in Chile from 7 March to 22 March 1953. Ten national teams entered the event under the auspices of FIBA, the sport's governing body. The city of Santiago hosted the tournament. The United States won its first title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070655-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 FIBA World Championship for Women, Venues\nAll games were played at the Estadio Nacional de Chile.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 46], "content_span": [47, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070655-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 FIBA World Championship for Women, Preliminary round\nWinners qualify to the final round. Losing teams to the first repass round, and the losing team with the largest point margin to the second repass round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 57], "content_span": [58, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070656-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 FIFA Youth Tournament Under-18\nThe FIFA Youth Tournament Under-18 1953 Final Tournament was held in Belgium. Argentina was the first non-European team that entered.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070657-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland election\nThe Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland general election of 15 December 1953 was the first election to the legislative assembly of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, which had been formed a few months before. The election saw a landslide victory for the Federal Party under Godfrey Huggins, who had been Prime Minister of Southern Rhodesia for the past 20 years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070657-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland election, Composition of the Federal Assembly\nVoters elected 35 members of a unicameral Federal Assembly: 14 from Southern Rhodesia constituencies, 8 from Northern Rhodesia constituencies, and four from Nyasaland. In addition, there were three members from each territory representing African interests: one of these was a European and two were African. In Southern Rhodesia only, these positions were elected; in the other territories, the Governor appointed the European member, while an electoral college chose the African members.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 87], "content_span": [88, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070657-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland election, Electoral qualifications\nWhen the Federal constitution was agreed at the London conference of 1953, the qualification for electors in Northern and Southern Rhodesia was taken as the same as those in operation for territorial elections in those territories. Nyasaland did not have direct elections at this point and so was excluded until the Legislative Council there enacted proper provisions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 76], "content_span": [77, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070657-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland election, Electoral qualifications\nAt the election day, the electorate was comprised as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 76], "content_span": [77, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070657-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland election, Election campaign\nThe advent of the Federation caused a profound shift in the structure of politics in the Rhodesias. Godfrey Huggins formed the Federal Party to fight the election, merging his own United Party with the opposition Rhodesia Party and incorporating supporters in Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland. Several members of other opposition parties in Southern Rhodesia who supported federation also decided to join the Federal Party. Among them were William Eastwood, from the Rhodesia Labour Party, whose departure was prompted by the initial decision of his Party to fight the elections: Eastwood felt that this would divide supporters of federation. Another opposition member going over to the Federal Party was Ian Smith, who had been elected as a Liberal candidate in the 1948 general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 69], "content_span": [70, 858]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070657-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland election, Election campaign\nOpponents of federation formed the Confederate Party, which advocated a system in the Rhodesias akin to apartheid in South Africa. This issue was also raised by Huggins who campaigned vigorously against it. Huggins believed the policy was unpopular and impractical. A group called the Progressive Party was formed to offer voters a party of the centre-left, but swiftly dissolved when it found organising a difficulty and realised it would not be able to nominate more than about two candidates. There were a few independent candidates, most notably two in Northern Rhodesia. Dr Alexander Scott in Lusaka and Norman Lacey in the copperbelt constituency of Nkana-Chingola both advocated a liberal racial policy similar to that which the Progressive Party had been intending to offer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 69], "content_span": [70, 852]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070657-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland election, Election campaign\nOne unusual court case arose after nominations. Gaston Thornicroft, a mixed-race man who was described as \"living like a European\", was refused nomination for the Southern Rhodesia constituency for Europeans to represent African interests on the grounds that he was not a European. He challenged the decision in court but was unsuccessful.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 69], "content_span": [70, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070657-0007-0000", "contents": "1953 Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland election, Changes during the Assembly, Southern Rhodesia by-election\nRev. Percy Ibbotson, the specially elected European member representing African interests from Southern Rhodesia, died on 3 April 1955. When nominations closed on 27 May 1955, Harry Ellinder Davies was the only candidate to replace him, and was therefore declared elected unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 110], "content_span": [111, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070657-0008-0000", "contents": "1953 Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland election, Changes during the Assembly, Kafue by-election\nGuy Van Eeden, who became increasingly opposed to Federal Party policies, was expelled from the party in July 1955 and responded by resigning on 8 July 1955 to seek re-election in his constituency of Kafue (Northern Rhodesia). The by-election was held on 6 October 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 98], "content_span": [99, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070657-0009-0000", "contents": "1953 Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland election, Changes during the Assembly, Sebakwe by-election\nJ.R. Dendy Young, the Confederate Party member for Sebakwe (Southern Rhodesia), was appointed as a Judge. He resigned on 26 January 1956, and the by-election to succeed him was held on 5 April 1956. By this time, the Confederate Party had been dissolved and replaced by the Dominion Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 100], "content_span": [101, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070657-0010-0000", "contents": "1953 Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland election, Changes during the Assembly, Mrewa by-election\nNeville Barrett, the Federal Party member for Mrewa (Southern Rhodesia) died on 15 April 1957. The by-election to replace him was held on 6 June 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 98], "content_span": [99, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070657-0011-0000", "contents": "1953 Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland election, Changes during the Assembly, Mashonaland by-election\nJasper Savanhu, the specially elected African member for Mashonaland (Southern Rhodesia), had problems with the proposed new constitution in terms of its provisions for voters' qualifications. Although his responsibility was to represent the views of Africans, his electorate were predominantly Europeans. He therefore decided to vote for the proposals, but immediately to resign (1 August 1957) and seek re-election. When nominations closed on 27 September 1957, he was the only candidate nominated, and was therefore declared elected unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 104], "content_span": [105, 651]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070657-0012-0000", "contents": "1953 Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland election, Changes during the Assembly, Seat vacant at dissolution\nPaul Brereton (Federal Party), one of the ordinary members for Nyasaland, died on 21 July 1958. The seat was left vacant due to the imminent federal election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 107], "content_span": [108, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070658-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Fijian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Fiji on 29 August 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 83]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070658-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Fijian general election, Electoral system\nThe Legislative Council consisted of 32 members, including 16 'official' members who were civil servants, fifteen 'unofficial' members (five Europeans, five Fijians and five Indo-Fijians), and the Governor sitting as President of the Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 46], "content_span": [47, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070658-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Fijian general election, Electoral system\nFor Europeans and Indo-Fijians, three of the five representatives were elected from single-member constituencies, with the other two appointed by the Governor. All five Fijian members were appointed from a list of ten candidates submitted by the Great Council of Chiefs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 46], "content_span": [47, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070658-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Fijian general election, Electoral system\nVoting for Europeans remained restricted to men aged 21 or over who had been born to European parents (or a European father and was able to read, speak and write English), who were British subjects and had been continuously resident in Fiji for 12 months, and who either owned at least \u00a320 of freehold or leasehold property or had an annual income of at least \u00a3120. For Indo-Fijians, eligibility was also restricted to men aged 21 or over.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 46], "content_span": [47, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070658-0003-0001", "contents": "1953 Fijian general election, Electoral system\nThey had to be a British subject or from British India, have lived continuously in the Fiji for at least two years, be able to read or write in English, Gujarati, Gurmukhi,  Hindi, Tamil, Telegu or Urdu, and for the previous six months, have either owned property with an annual value of five years, had a net annual cash income of at least \u00a375, or held a Government or municipal licence worth at least \u00a35 annually.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 46], "content_span": [47, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070658-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Fijian general election, Campaign\nLeaders of the Muslim Indo-Fijian community urged a boycott of the elections, calling for separate representation and for Urdu to be taught instead of Hindi.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070659-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Five Nations Championship\nThe 1953 Five Nations Championship was the twenty-fourth series of the rugby union Five Nations Championship. Including the previous incarnations as the Home Nations and Five Nations, this was the fifty-ninth series of the northern hemisphere rugby union championship. Ten matches were played between 10 January and 28 March. It was contested by England, France, Ireland, Scotland and Wales. England won its 14th title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 450]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070660-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Flint\u2013Beecher tornado\nOn Monday, June\u00a08, 1953 an exceptionally violent tornado struck the north side of Flint, Michigan and the northern suburb of Beecher, causing catastrophic damage and hundreds of casualties. Rated as an F5 on the Fujita Scale, the tornado touched down in Genesee County, Michigan, at 8:30\u00a0p.m. (01:30 UTC) and continued on a 18.6-mile-path (29.9\u00a0km), causing 116\u00a0fatalities, 844\u00a0injuries and an estimated $19\u00a0million (1953 USD) in damage. This was the deadliest tornado in Michigan history and the 10th\u00a0deadliest in United States history. Most of the casualties and damage occurred in the unincorporated community of Beecher.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 651]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070660-0000-0001", "contents": "1953 Flint\u2013Beecher tornado\nThe tornado was one of eight tornadoes that touched down the same day in eastern lower Michigan and northwest Ohio. It was also part of the larger Flint\u2013Worcester tornado outbreak that began over Nebraska and Iowa, before moving east across the upper Great Lakes states and Ontario, and on to New York and New England causing more deadly tornadoes. This is often noted as the last single tornado to exact a triple-digit death toll in the United States until the 2011 Joplin tornado.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070660-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Flint\u2013Beecher tornado, Event\nJust prior to the tornado touching down eyewitness accounts recalled that an approaching thunderstorm with several intense lightning strikes turned the northwest sky a dark \"black-yellow-green\" color. The US Weather Bureau (predecessor of today's National Weather Service) observations that evening recorded a temperature of 78\u00a0\u00b0F (25.5\u00a0\u00b0C) with a dew point of 71\u00a0\u00b0F (21.6\u00a0\u00b0C) and a barometric pressure reading that fell to 28.89 inHg (inches of mercury) (978.32 mb). Surface map analysis showed a frontal system associated with a strong low pressure moving west across lower Michigan. At 7:30pm (00:30 UTC) the Weather Bureau's Severe Storms Unit issued a Severe Weather Bulletin alerting of the threat of hazardous weather for southeast lower Michigan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 33], "content_span": [34, 788]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070660-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Flint\u2013Beecher tornado, Event\nAt approximately 8:30\u00a0p.m. the tornado touched down in Mt. Morris Township north of Flushing near the intersection of Webster and Coldwater Roads. The first reported observation from the Weather Bureau's Flint station came just minutes after the tornado touched down, \"...unconfirmed Tornado reported 2 mi N Flushing heading ENE possibly hitting Flint 2033 E.\" It began to take a path directly east down the Coldwater Road corridor entering the residential neighborhoods of the Beecher district, a Flint suburb. Moving at approximately 35\u00a0mph (56.3\u00a0km/h) the tornado cut a path 833 yards (762\u00a0m) wide.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 33], "content_span": [34, 635]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070660-0002-0001", "contents": "1953 Flint\u2013Beecher tornado, Event\nAt a time before severe thunderstorm and tornado warnings the residents of Beecher had almost no advanced warning other than by sighting the tornado heading towards them. Victims recalled hearing the incredible roar from the tornado and seeing its black funnel before heading for shelter in home basements. The densely populated Beecher neighborhoods took a direct hit with several single family houses being completely destroyed. Witnesses recalled that the tornado's massive funnel resembled black smoke and was accompanied by smaller multiple vortices. Others reported seeing fireballs within the debris of the tornado.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 33], "content_span": [34, 656]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070660-0002-0002", "contents": "1953 Flint\u2013Beecher tornado, Event\nBeecher High School was heavily damaged as it was also directly hit by the tornado. The tornado's path also came close to the North Flint Drive-in theater. Patrons evacuated the drive-in in their vehicles. Some got into vehicle crashes in the ensuing panic to flee while others inadvertently drove into the path of the tornado after leaving the theater. The theater itself received only minor damage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 33], "content_span": [34, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070660-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Flint\u2013Beecher tornado, Event\nAfter leaving Beecher the tornado took an east-northeast path following just south of the Flint River where it ravaged farms causing more casualties and destruction near the rural communities of Genesee, Richfield Center and Columbiaville. The tornado stayed on the ground for 18.6 miles (29.9\u00a0km) and finally dissipated north of Lapeer near Five Lakes Road in Lapeer County's Deerfield Township. Within minutes a second tornado formed near where the original Flint-Beecher Tornado left the ground. That tornado reached F4 wind speeds and continued east through rural farm lands in Lapeer and St. Clair Counties causing more injuries and damage before moving out over Lake Huron.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 33], "content_span": [34, 713]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070660-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Flint\u2013Beecher tornado, Aftermath\nWhile most of the tornado's 18.6-mile-path (29.9\u00a0km) went through rural farmland, most of the devastation was concentrated in the Beecher district. 113 of the 116\u00a0fatalities from the tornado occurred in Beecher, including 54\u00a0children under the age of 18 with multiple deaths occurring in 20\u00a0families. The two greatest losses were exacted to the families of Pedro Gatica and Thomas Gensel; both men survived, but lost their entire families. Gatica, a worker at General Motors, had been at work when the tornado struck, while his small home was directly in the path of the storm.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 37], "content_span": [38, 615]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070660-0004-0001", "contents": "1953 Flint\u2013Beecher tornado, Aftermath\nHis wife Cecilia, who was eight months pregnant with their third child, was killed, as were their two small children and a niece who lived with them. Gensel had been at home with his wife Vanessa and their four children when their home was blown apart; only Thomas survived. Eight area hospitals, including three in Saginaw, were involved in treating victims. Some accounts recalled employees of Flint's automobile industry leaving factories to head to the site to discover whether or not their families had survived. Large sections of neighborhoods were completely destroyed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 37], "content_span": [38, 614]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070660-0004-0002", "contents": "1953 Flint\u2013Beecher tornado, Aftermath\nIt was the last tornado to kill more than 100\u00a0people until it was surpassed by the Joplin, Missouri, tornado on May\u00a022, 2011. The last F5\u00a0tornado in Michigan was the Hudsonville-Standale tornado of April 3, 1956. It was debated in the U.S. Congress at the time whether recent atomic bomb testing in the upper atmosphere had caused tornadoes including this one. Congressman James E. Van Zandt (R-Penn.) was among several members of Congress who expressed their belief that the June 4th bomb testing created the tornadoes, which occurred far outside the traditional tornado alley. They demanded a response from the government. Meteorologists quickly dispelled such an assertion, and Congressman Van Zandt later retracted his statement.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 37], "content_span": [38, 771]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070661-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Florida A&M Rattlers football team\nThe 1953 Florida A&M Rattlers football team was an American football team that represented Florida A&M University as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SIAC) during the 1953 college football season. In their ninth season under head coach Jake Gaither, the Rattlers compiled a 10\u20131 record. The team's sole loss was to Prairie View A&M in the Orange Blossom Classic. The team played its home games at Bragg Stadium in Tallahassee, Florida.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070662-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Florida Gators football team\nThe 1953 Florida Gators football team represented the University of Florida during the 1953 college football season. The season was the fourth for Bob Woodruff as the head coach of the Florida Gators football team. The 1953 season was a year of rebuilding and backsliding after the graduation of All-American Charlie LaPradd and the loss of fullback Rick Casares to the U.S. Army.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070662-0000-0001", "contents": "1953 Florida Gators football team\nThe highlight of the season was the Gators' second consecutive victory over the Georgia Bulldogs, but the Gators began a pattern of agonizingly close losses to the Rice Owls (16\u201320), Auburn Tigers (7\u201316), Tennessee Volunteers (7\u20139) and Miami Hurricanes (10\u201314), as well as two ties with the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets (0\u20130) and LSU Tigers (21\u201321). Woodruff's 1953 Florida Gators finished with a 3\u20135\u20132 overall record and a 1\u20133\u20132 record in the Southeastern Conference (SEC), placing ninth of twelve SEC teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070663-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Florida State Seminoles football team\nThe 1953 Florida State Seminoles football team represented Florida State University in the 1953 college football season. In 1953, Tom Nugent, the creator of the I formation, became head coach and led the team to a 5\u20135 record. He was coach for six years, and compiled a 34\u201328\u20131 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070664-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Football Championship of the Ukrainian SSR\nThe 1953 Football Championship of UkrSSR were part of the 1953 Soviet republican football competitions in the Soviet Ukraine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070665-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Fordham Rams football team\nThe 1953 Fordham Rams football team represented Fordham University during the 1953 college football season. The Rams went 4\u20135 and amassed 176 points while their defense allowed 128 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070666-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Formula One season\nThe 1953 Formula One season was the seventh season of the FIA's Formula One racing. It consisted only of a number of non-championship motor races. As in 1952, all races counting towards the World Championship of Drivers, apart from the Indianapolis 500, were held for cars complying with Formula Two regulations rather than with Formula One, with the Indianapolis 500 held to AAA regulations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070666-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Formula One season\nThe 4th FIA World Championship of Drivers, which commenced on 18 January and ended on 13 September after nine races, was won by Alberto Ascari, driving for a Scuderia Ferrari. Ascari became the first driver to successfully defend his title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070666-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Formula One season\nIn addition to the non-championship Formula One races and the World Championship Formula Two races, numerous other non-championship Formula Two races were also held during the year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070666-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Formula One season, World Championship season summary\nFerrari drivers again dominated the championship, taking seven of the eight grands prix, although Juan Manuel Fangio's challenge in his more fragile Maserati took him to second place in the championship and a win at Monza. Ascari extended his unbeaten run to nine consecutive World Championship Grand Prix wins before his teammate Mike Hawthorn broke the sequence in becoming the first ever British winner in the French Grand Prix at Reims after a thrilling battle with Fangio.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 58], "content_span": [59, 536]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070666-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Formula One season, World Championship season summary\nIn 1953, all but one of the races counting towards the World Championship of Drivers were run under Formula 2 regulations, while the remaining one, the Indianapolis 500, was run under AAA Championship Car regulations. The 1953 championship was the first truly global World Championship of Drivers, with a championship event being staged outside of Europe or the United States for the first time. That race, the 1953 Argentine Grand Prix, was marred by an accident involving the Ferrari of Giuseppe Farina, which crashed into an unprotected crowd, killing nine spectators.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 58], "content_span": [59, 630]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070666-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Formula One season, World Championship season review\nThe 1953 World Championship of Drivers was contested over a nine race series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 57], "content_span": [58, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070666-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 Formula One season, World Championship season review\nThe Spanish Grand Prix, scheduled to be staged on 26 October, was cancelled. The Indianapolis 500 also counted towards the 1953 AAA Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 57], "content_span": [58, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070666-0007-0000", "contents": "1953 Formula One season, Teams and drivers\nThe following teams and drivers competed in the 1953 FIA World Championship of Drivers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 42], "content_span": [43, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070666-0008-0000", "contents": "1953 Formula One season, World Championship of Drivers standings\nChampionship points were awarded to first five finishers in each race on an 8\u20136\u20134\u20133\u20132 basis. Points for shared drives were divided equally between the drivers, regardless of the number of laps driven by each. One point was also awarded for the fastest lap in each race. The point was shared equally between drivers sharing the fastest lap. Only the best four results from the nine races counted towards a driver's total points in the World Championship. Numbers without parentheses are retained championship points and numbers within parentheses are total points scored.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 64], "content_span": [65, 635]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070666-0009-0000", "contents": "1953 Formula One season, Non-championship races\nThe following Formula One/Formula Two races, which did not count towards the World Championship of Drivers, were held during 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 47], "content_span": [48, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070667-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Four Hills Tournament\nThe inaugural Four Hills tournament was held in January 1953. It was in planning since 1949, but in the post-war years German athletes were not allowed to compete internationally. The organizers were German and Austrian ski jumpers who knew each other from competing together for Germany under the Nazi regime", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070667-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Four Hills Tournament\nAt the time, ski jumping was an amateur sport and the winners were given material prizes like portable radios or cooking pots.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070667-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Four Hills Tournament\nThe first competition was held on New Year's day, making it the only Four Hills tournament that did not start in December, although the New Year's day competition in Garmisch-Partenkirchen would eventually become traditional.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070667-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Four Hills Tournament, Results, Bischofshofen\nBefore the last event, Sepp Bradl was leading the tournament ranking by only half a point ahead of Asgeir D\u00f8lplads, who in turn had a ten-point lead to fellow Norwegian Halvor N\u00e6s. In the competition however, it was N\u00e6s rather than D\u00f8lplads who put Bradl's tournament victory in danger. Winning the Bischofshofen event clearly, he reduced the distance to Bradl from 10.5 to 1.1 points but ultimately could not prevent him from becoming the first Four Hills winner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 50], "content_span": [51, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070668-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 French Championships (tennis)\nThe 1953 French Championships (now known as the French Open) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor clay courts at the Stade Roland-Garros in Paris, France. The tournament ran from 20 May until 31 May. It was the 57th staging of the French Championships, and the second Grand Slam tennis event of 1953. Ken Rosewall and Maureen Connolly won the singles titles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070668-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 French Championships (tennis), Finals, Men's Doubles\nLew Hoad /  Ken Rosewall  defeated  Mervyn Rose /  Clive Wilderspin  6\u20132, 6\u20131, 6\u20131", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 57], "content_span": [58, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070668-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 French Championships (tennis), Finals, Women's Doubles\nShirley Fry /  Doris Hart defeated  Maureen Connolly /  Julia Sampson 6\u20134, 6\u20133", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 59], "content_span": [60, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070668-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 French Championships (tennis), Finals, Mixed Doubles\nDoris Hart /  Vic Seixas defeated  Maureen Connolly /  Mervyn Rose  4\u20136, 6\u20134, 6\u20130", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 57], "content_span": [58, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070669-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 French Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nThird-seeded Ken Rosewall defeated Vic Seixas 6\u20133, 6\u20134, 1\u20136, 6\u20132 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1953 French Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070669-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 French Championships \u2013 Men's Singles, Seeds\nThe seeded players are listed below. Ken Rosewall is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 48], "content_span": [49, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070670-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 French Championships \u2013 Women's Singles\nMaureen Connolly defeated defending champion Doris Hart in the final 6\u20132, 6-4, to win the Women's Singles tennis title at the 1953 French Championships. With this win, Connolly became the first woman to complete the Career Grand Slam in Women's singles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070670-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 French Championships \u2013 Women's Singles, Seeds\nThe seeded players are listed below. Maureen Connolly is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 50], "content_span": [51, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070671-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 French Grand Prix\nThe 1953 French Grand Prix was a Formula Two race held on 5 July 1953 at Reims. It was race 5 of 9 in the 1953 World Championship of Drivers, which was run to Formula Two rules in 1952 and 1953, rather than the Formula One regulations normally used.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070671-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 French Grand Prix\nIt is popularly known as The Race of the Century because of the sixty lap battle between Briton Mike Hawthorn and Argentine Juan Manuel Fangio. Hawthorn won the duel after they reportedly swapped the lead at virtually every corner on the Reims circuit. In addition, after 500\u00a0km of racing, the four lead cars were less than 5 seconds apart.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070671-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 French Grand Prix, Background\nFor 1953, the Reims-Gueux circuit\u2019s layout changed. The new, faster and slightly longer circuit bypassed the town of Gueux and as a result, the circuit was now called just Reims.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070671-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 French Grand Prix, Background\nComing into the French Grand Prix, Ferrari driver, and 1952 World Champion Alberto Ascari had a large lead in the championship, having won the first three races of the season (not including the Indianapolis 500 in which none of the Grand Prix contenders took part). Meanwhile early favourite, 1951 World Champion Juan Manuel Fangio, driving for Maserati, had yet to even finish a World Championship qualifying event in 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070671-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 French Grand Prix, Background\nUnlike in 1952, in 1953 Maserati and Ferrari were quite evenly matched. The Maseratis had slightly more power, and hence straight-line speed, but the Ferraris had slightly better brakes, road holding, and low-end acceleration. Both works teams sent four drivers. For Ferrari there was Ascari, Luigi Villoresi, Nino Farina and Mike Hawthorn. Maserati had Fangio, Jos\u00e9 Froil\u00e1n Gonz\u00e1lez, Onofre Marim\u00f3n and Felice Bonetto. Both Ferrari and Maserati were also represented by a single private entry each, Louis Rosier driving a Ferrari and Toulo de Graffenried a Maserati.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 602]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070671-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 French Grand Prix, Background\nAll of the other entries had little chance of winning, as they had significantly less power than the Ferraris and Maseratis, as well as generally worse road holding. They consisted of two privately entered OSCAs (one to be driven by Louis Chiron in his last French Grand Prix start), four works Gordinis and three of each of Connaught, HWM and Cooper. The works Gordinis were poorly prepared, the team instead focusing on the 12 hour race which ran from midnight to midday on the same day as the Grand Prix. Two of the Connaughts were works entries, and were notable as the first fuel injected cars to start the French Grand Prix.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 665]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070671-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 French Grand Prix, Practice/Qualifying\nThere was very little activity in the earlier practice sessions, with the Ferrari team only arriving just in time for the final session. Gonz\u00e1lez was the early pacesetter for Maserati, but was eventually outdone by both Villoresi and Ascari for Ferrari. Gonz\u00e1lez would again set the fastest time of 2:41.5, but in Bonetto\u2019s car, but Ascari would finally take pole position with a time of 2:41.2 late in the session. The front row of the 3-2-3 grid was therefore Ascari, Bonetto and Villoresi, with Fangio and Gonz\u00e1lez sharing row two.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 43], "content_span": [44, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070671-0007-0000", "contents": "1953 French Grand Prix, Practice/Qualifying\nThe fastest six cars were separated by just 1.3 seconds, with the Ferraris and Maseratis clearly quite evenly matched. The first non-Ferrari or Maserati was the Connaught of Prince Bira with 2:53.2, 12 seconds slower than Ascari and around 2 seconds slower than Rosier in the slowest Ferrari.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 43], "content_span": [44, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070671-0008-0000", "contents": "1953 French Grand Prix, Pre-race controversy\nThe Grand Prix was preceded by the 12 hour sportscar race which ran from midnight to midday. During that race, the leading Ferrari, driven by Umberto Maglioli and Piero Carini, was disqualified, ostensibly for receiving a push start, and for switching off sidelights before the appointed time. Many, including Ferrari team manager Ugolini, felt this quite unfair, since the push-start had been to get clear of spilt petrol in the pitlane, and nearly every other car in the race had already switched off their sidelights by the time Maglioli did the same. Many in the crowd also disagreed with the disqualification, with the crowd booing and throwing rubbish at head officials Charles Faroux and Toto Roche.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 44], "content_span": [45, 751]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070671-0009-0000", "contents": "1953 French Grand Prix, Pre-race controversy\nAs a result, Ferrari threatened to withdraw their cars from the Grand Prix, which would have surely handed Maserati an easy win. However after several phone calls between Reims and Modena, the Ferraris were eventually allowed to start in the Grand Prix.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 44], "content_span": [45, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070671-0010-0000", "contents": "1953 French Grand Prix, Race\nFor the race, Gonz\u00e1lez decided to start with half a tank of fuel and make a pitstop in the race, while all of the other main contenders started with full tanks hoping to last the whole distance. This of course meant that Gonz\u00e1lez would need to build a large enough gap to make his pitstop.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 28], "content_span": [29, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070671-0011-0000", "contents": "1953 French Grand Prix, Race\nAt the start, from the front row Bonetto and Ascari both made good starts, while Villoresi was slow away, leaving a gap for Gonz\u00e1lez to quickly move into the lead with his much lighter car. At the end of the first lap Gonz\u00e1lez had built a 2.8 second gap over the other Italian cars, the order being Ascari, Villoresi, Bonetto, Fangio, Hawthorn, Farina and Marim\u00f3n, with the gap from second to eighth just 2.2 seconds. Further back was the first of the non-Italian cars, with Bira just ahead of the Gordini of Maurice Trintignant, who had started from the back having not set a lap in practice.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 28], "content_span": [29, 622]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070671-0012-0000", "contents": "1953 French Grand Prix, Race\nOn the second lap, Gonz\u00e1lez continued to pull away from the main pack, now led by the Ferraris of Ascari, Villoresi and Hawthorn, all disputing second place, with Farina close behind. They were followed by the Maseratis of Fangio and Marim\u00f3n, with Bonetto dropping to ninth after a spin, behind Trintignant, Bira and de Graffenried. Apart from the three Ferraris contesting second place, the order near the front remained the same for the next 20 laps or so, at which point Gonz\u00e1lez ceased increasing his lead, making it unlikely he would be able to hold it when he made his stop.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 28], "content_span": [29, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070671-0013-0000", "contents": "1953 French Grand Prix, Race\nOn lap 23, Fangio overtook Farina, who responded by setting the then fastest lap of the race and retaking the position. On the following lap Fangio overtook Farina again, setting the fastest lap of the race in the process. This increase in pace of Fangio and Farina had now placed them in the middle of the three Ferraris, Fangio now in third place. Some shuffling of the pack took place by the time Gonz\u00e1lez made his pitstop on lap 29, with Fangio now leading it ahead of Hawthorn, with Villoresi dropping back to Marim\u00f3n. Gonz\u00e1lez\u2019s pitstop took just 27 seconds, but this allowed Fangio into the lead, with Gonz\u00e1lez dropping all the way down to sixth, ahead of Villoresi but behind Marim\u00f3n who had just passed him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 28], "content_span": [29, 745]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070671-0014-0000", "contents": "1953 French Grand Prix, Race\nAt half distance, Fangio lead Hawthorn and Ascari, the top three separated by less than a second, followed at small intervals by Farina, Marim\u00f3n, then Gonz\u00e1lez and Villoresi just a second apart, around 20 seconds behind Fangio. Bonetto was over a minute and 20 seconds behind Fangio, and no other drivers were still on the lead lap.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 28], "content_span": [29, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070671-0015-0000", "contents": "1953 French Grand Prix, Race\nOver the next few laps, Fangio and Hawthorn would swap the lead several times, sometimes more than once a lap, pulling slowly away from Ascari who was locked in a close battle with Farina, Gonz\u00e1lez and Marim\u00f3n. Villoresi, meanwhile, fell back, but not enough to be challenged for seventh place. Gonz\u00e1lez continued to push, catching and overtaking Farina then Ascari on lap 37. This spurred Ascari on, and he and Gonz\u00e1lez duelled for third place over the following 20 laps. Both the duels, for first place and for third place, would last until very near the end of the race, with the drivers separated by not more than a carlength at any stage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 28], "content_span": [29, 672]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070671-0016-0000", "contents": "1953 French Grand Prix, Race\nWith two laps to go, Fangio and Hawthorn crossed the finish line side by side, followed less than a second later by Gonz\u00e1lez and Ascari, also side by side. Hawthorn led into the last lap, with Gonz\u00e1lez very close now, but Ascari well off the pace having eased off. Coming into the final straight Gonz\u00e1lez was able to overlap slightly on Fangio, but Hawthorn lead the pair, winning the race by just one second from Fangio, with Gonz\u00e1lez just 0.4 seconds behind in third place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 28], "content_span": [29, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070672-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 French Oceanian legislative election\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Number 57 (talk | contribs) at 17:07, 10 April 2020 (Ah, the list is incomplete, so Teariki is presumably in addition to Lehartel). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070672-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 French Oceanian legislative election\nLegislative elections were held in French Oceania on 18 January 1953, the first to the new Territorial Assembly, which replaced the Representative Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070672-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 French Oceanian legislative election, Results\nThe result was a victory for the Democratic Rally of the Tahitian People (RDPT) led by Pouvanaa a Oopa, which won 18 of the 25 seats. The Democratic and Socialist Union of the Resistance won five seats and the Rally of the French People two; the two parties had run together as the Union for the Defence of the Interests of French Oceania (UDIOF).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 50], "content_span": [51, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070672-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 French Oceanian legislative election, Results\nOopa failed to win a seat in Papeete, and subsequently stated that he would complain about election fraud to the French government. Governor Ren\u00e9 Petitbon organised an official enquiry, which concluded that the allegations were unfounded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 50], "content_span": [51, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070672-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 French Oceanian legislative election, Aftermath\nFollowing the elections, the Assembly convened for the first time on 14 March. Jean-Baptiste C\u00e9ran-J\u00e9rusal\u00e9my, a member of the RDPT, was elected  President of the Assembly two days later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 52], "content_span": [53, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070672-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 French Oceanian legislative election, Aftermath\nFollowing a dispute in the Assembly on 10 April, a fight broke out between No\u00ebl Ilari and Alfred Poroi. Ilari then challenged Poroi to a duel, which Poroi agreed should take place at the end of the day. However, the Governor broadcast a radio message, banning it from taking place and stationing police at the homes of the two.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 52], "content_span": [53, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070673-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Fresno State Bulldogs football team\nThe 1953 Fresno State Bulldogs football team represented Fresno State College during the 1953 college football season. The Bulldogs rejoined the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA), after having played as an Independent in the 1951 and 1952 seasons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070673-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Fresno State Bulldogs football team\nFresno State returned to the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA) after playing as an Independent for two years. The team was led by second-year head coach Clark Van Galder and played home games at Ratcliffe Stadium on the campus of Fresno City College in Fresno, California. They finished the season with a record of four wins, four losses and two ties (4\u20134\u20132, 2\u20132\u20131 CCAA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070674-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 GP Ouest\u2013France\nThe 1953 GP Ouest-France was the 17th edition of the GP Ouest-France cycle race and was held on 31 August 1953. The race started and finished in Plouay. The race was won by Serge Blusson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070675-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Gator Bowl\nThe 1953 Gator Bowl was a post-season college football bowl game between the Tulsa Golden Hurricane of the Missouri Valley Conference and the Florida Gators representing the Southeastern Conference (SEC). Florida defeated Tulsa, 14\u201313. This was the Gators' first appearance in an NCAA-sanctioned bowl game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070675-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Gator Bowl, Game summary\nAn extra point by Rick Casares proved the difference. Florida outrushed the Golden Hurricane 233 to 182, while Tulsa outpassed the Gators 132 to 101. The Golden Hurricane turned the ball over twice, while Florida turned it over five times. This was the first Gator Bowl where more than one player was be awarded MVP honors, which was done until 2011.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 29], "content_span": [30, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070676-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Gent\u2013Wevelgem\nThe 1953 Gent\u2013Wevelgem was the 15th edition of the Gent\u2013Wevelgem cycle race and was held on 29 March 1953. The race started in Ghent and finished in Wevelgem. The race was won by Raymond Impanis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070677-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 George Washington Colonials football team\nThe 1953 George Washington Colonials football team was an American football team that represented George Washington University as part of the Southern Conference during the 1953 college football season. In their second season under head coach Bo Sherman, the team compiled a 5\u20134 record (4\u20132 in the SoCon).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070678-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Georgia Bulldogs football team\nThe 1953 Georgia Bulldogs football team represented the Georgia Bulldogs of the University of Georgia during the 1953 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070679-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team\nThe 1953 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team represented the Georgia Institute of Technology during the 1953 college football season. The Yellow Jackets were led by ninth-year head coach Bobby Dodd and played their home games at Grant Field in Atlanta. They finished second in the Southeastern Conference to Alabama, who had upset then-No. 5 Georgia Tech in Birmingham, giving the Yellow Jackets their first conference loss since 1950. The Yellow Jackets were invited to the 1954 Sugar Bowl, where they defeated West Virginia, 42\u201319.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 586]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070680-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 German Grand Prix\nThe 1953 German Grand Prix was a Formula Two motor racing event held on 2 August 1953 at the N\u00fcrburgring Nordschleife. It was race 7 of 9 in the 1953 World Championship of Drivers, which was run to Formula Two rules in 1952 and 1953, rather than the Formula One regulations normally used. This race had the highest number of cars on the grid of any World Drivers' Championship race, with 34 starters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070680-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 German Grand Prix\nThis race was won by Nino Farina in a Ferrari, just over 1 minute ahead of Juan Manuel Fangio. This was Farina's last victory in Formula One.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070680-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 German Grand Prix\nFerrari driver Alberto Ascari clinched his second consecutive World Drivers' Championship as neither Mike Hawthorn nor Juan Manuel Fangio won the race and now couldn't beat his points total with two races left.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070680-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 German Grand Prix\nDuring his tour of Europe that saw Japan's 19-year old Crown Prince Akihito visit the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II, he also attended the German Grand Prix.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070681-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 German football championship\nThe 1953 German football championship was the culmination of the football season in the West Germany in 1952\u201353. 1. FC Kaiserslautern were crowned champions for the second time after a group stage and a final, having previously won the championship in 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070682-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 German\u2013Austrian Nanga Parbat expedition\nOn the 1953 German\u2013Austrian Nanga Parbat expedition Hermann Buhl succeeded in making the first ascent of Nanga Parbat, the ninth highest mountain in the world. He reached the top on 3 July 1953 and this was and remains the only time an 8,000-metre summit was first reached by someone climbing alone. The expedition was led by Karl Herrligkoffer who went on to lead a long series of attempts to climb eight-thousanders in the Himalaya and Karakoram.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 493]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070682-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 German\u2013Austrian Nanga Parbat expedition\nBuhl set off from the high camp at about 02:00 on 3 July followed by his climbing partner about an hour later and who subsequently returned to the tent. Buhl reached the summit at 19:00 after having been reduced to crawling on hands and knees. When he started to return he had no ice axe or tent, hardly any food, and a crampon missing a strap. He had to stop when it got dark at about 21:00 where the only place to stay the night was a small ledge with only standing room and with a single handhold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070682-0001-0001", "contents": "1953 German\u2013Austrian Nanga Parbat expedition\nAt 04:00, after no sleep, he could resume his descent and eventually got back to the tent at 19:00 where he was helped by two companions who had presumed he had died. Herrligkoffer later considered the solo climb was disloyal because the plan had been for the summit to be reached by a group of climbers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070682-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 German\u2013Austrian Nanga Parbat expedition, Background, Description of mountain\nThe 8,126-metre (26,659\u00a0ft) Nanga Parbat in Pakistan is at the extreme western end of the Himalaya mountain range. It is over 620 miles (1,000\u00a0km) from Dhaulagiri, its nearest eight-thousander neighbour in the Himalayas, but it is about 120 miles (190\u00a0km) from K2 in the Karakoram, separated by the Indus River flowing 7,000 metres (23,000\u00a0ft) lower than the summit. Nanga Parbat is the ninth-highest mountain in the world but, of the eight-thousanders, it is second only to Mount Everest in topographic prominence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 81], "content_span": [82, 597]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070682-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 German\u2013Austrian Nanga Parbat expedition, Background, Description of mountain\nUnlike Nepal or Tibet, Pakistan allowed ready access to westerners and in 1953 it was possible to fly to Gilgit and then get by truck to within two days march of Base Camp.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 81], "content_span": [82, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070682-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 German\u2013Austrian Nanga Parbat expedition, Background, Previous attempts to climb the mountain\nThe first attempt to climb Nanga Parbat, which was also the first summit attempt on any eight-thousand-metre mountain, was by the Englishmen Fred Mummery, Geoffrey Hastings and Norman Collie in 1895. Along with two Gurkha companions, Mummery died in an avalanche on the Rakhiot Face. From then until the Second World War all the expeditions to the mountain were from Germany \u2013 in 1932, 1934, 1937, 1938 and 1939. At that time Nepal and Tibet were closed to Germany so Nanga Parbat, in the Indian Empire, became the German focus of attention.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 97], "content_span": [98, 639]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070682-0004-0001", "contents": "1953 German\u2013Austrian Nanga Parbat expedition, Background, Previous attempts to climb the mountain\nThe mountain was accessible politically and it could be approached reasonably easily while still providing a very difficult mountaineering challenge. Willy Merkl was the leader in 1932 and 1934 but on the 1934 expedition he was one of those who died, trapped in a storm slightly below the summit. In 1950 a British team of three explored the mountain but after a storm two of the climbers were not seen again. So, by 1953 there had been seven unsuccessful expeditions leading to 31 deaths.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 97], "content_span": [98, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070682-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 German\u2013Austrian Nanga Parbat expedition, Background, Karl Herrligkoffer\nHerrligkoffer was Merkl's younger half-brother and he was 17 years old when Merkl died. Over the years he developed a determination to lead an expedition, to be the Willy Merkl Memorial Expedition, to Nanga Parbat to replicate his brother's climb and go on to reach the summit. When he started active organisation in 1951 he was met with scepticism because he had never been to Himalaya nor even had much experience in the Alps. Paul Bauer described him as \"a man unknown in mountaineering circles and without experience in the subject\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 76], "content_span": [77, 614]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070682-0005-0001", "contents": "1953 German\u2013Austrian Nanga Parbat expedition, Background, Karl Herrligkoffer\nIn 1934 Merkl had planned to have large group reach the summit together in honour of Germany. So Herrligkoffer wanted to achieve a group success and for it to be accomplished along the same route. Neither the German Himalaya Foundation nor the German Alpine Club, who had sponsored Merkl, would help in this enterprise but the club's Munich branch (that of Herrligkoffer himself) and the Austrian Alpine Club did support the climb.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 76], "content_span": [77, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070682-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 German\u2013Austrian Nanga Parbat expedition, Preparations, Climbing team\nFor the 1953 German\u2013Austrian Nanga Parbat expedition Peter Aschenbrenner (50 years), an Austrian mountain guide, was appointed deputy to Herrligkoffer (36 years) and was to be the climbing leader on the mountain. He had been on the 1932 and 1934 expeditions. He was due to leave the expedition at the beginning of July so Walter Frauenberger (45), also Austrian, who was initially deputy climbing leader, took over at that time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 73], "content_span": [74, 502]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070682-0007-0000", "contents": "1953 German\u2013Austrian Nanga Parbat expedition, Preparations, Climbing team\nHermann Buhl (29 years), from Innsbruck in Austria was, by 1953, one of the leading Alpine climbers in Europe. He had climbed the North Face of the Eiger but had not been to Himalaya. He was joined by Kuno Rainer (38) who was also Austrian and Buhl's frequent climbing partner. The rest of the party were German. Otto Kempter (27) and Hermann K\u00f6llensperger (27) were from the Munich branch of the German Alpine Club and Albert Bitterling (52) was a mountain guide.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 73], "content_span": [74, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070682-0007-0001", "contents": "1953 German\u2013Austrian Nanga Parbat expedition, Preparations, Climbing team\nThe renowned cinematographer Hans Ertl (45) was also a mountaineer and he was in the team to make a documentary film. Fritz Aumann was the camp organiser but for a time was able to take a full part in the climbing. Herrligkoffer, a general practitioner by profession, as well as organising the expedition was the expedition doctor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 73], "content_span": [74, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070682-0008-0000", "contents": "1953 German\u2013Austrian Nanga Parbat expedition, Preparations, Climbing team\nA team of five Sherpas, led by Pasang Dawa Lama, had been appointed but after being held up at for several weeks at the Pakistan\u2013Kashmir frontier they were finally refused entry visas. Not knowing what was happening, at Gilgit Herrligkoffer took on twenty-two Hunzas as replacements, led by Rhabar Hassan, a Gilgit police officer who became the expedition's liaison officer with the Hunzas. 300 local porters were taken on as casual labour at Talichi for carrying to base camp.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 73], "content_span": [74, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070682-0009-0000", "contents": "1953 German\u2013Austrian Nanga Parbat expedition, Preparations, Equipment\nThe equipment used was based on that used on the expeditions before the war and they were considerably reliant on what was donated by businesses. Boots were traditional leather reaching above the ankle and with a rubber sole without Tricouni nails and with a double removable felt lining. Two thick and one thin sock could be worn in each boot and 2-metre (6\u00a0ft 7\u00a0in) woollen puttees were worn.. In their Deuter tents they were pleased with the innovative inflatable mattresses but regretted their own choice of snap fasteners to close the tent flaps. The sleeping bags were double so that they could slip into each other. They envied the British on Everest who they considered had better designed and tested equipment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 69], "content_span": [70, 789]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070682-0010-0000", "contents": "1953 German\u2013Austrian Nanga Parbat expedition, Preparations, Equipment\nFor clothing they had gaberdine trousers and double-layer Ninoflex anoraks worn over multiple layers of woollen garments. The climbers' gloves were of horse-hide and the Hunzas' of Perlon. Climbing ropes were 8-mm Perlon. Their oxygen sets were taken as a precaution but they hoped to avoid using supplementary oxygen \u2013 in the event it was carried as high as Camp V but it was not used for climbing. One of the three radio communications sets was damaged in transit \u2013 the two left they found extremely useful.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 69], "content_span": [70, 579]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070682-0011-0000", "contents": "1953 German\u2013Austrian Nanga Parbat expedition, Departure from Munich and trek to Base Camp\nThe team left Munich by train on 17 April 1953 and at Genoa boarded the Lloyd Triestino MV Victoria bound for Karachi via the Suez Canal. Time on the voyage was spent learning Urdu. They received a great welcome in the newly-independent Pakistan particularly when they agreed to raise the Pakistan flag on the summit of Nanga Parbat which was, and still is, in the Pakistan-controlled area of the disputed Kashmir region.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 89], "content_span": [90, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070682-0011-0001", "contents": "1953 German\u2013Austrian Nanga Parbat expedition, Departure from Munich and trek to Base Camp\nAfter arranging for daily weather forecasts to be broadcast by Radio Rawalpindi they went in an air-conditioned train as far as Lahore with the junior team members following with the baggage in two ordinary trains. Then even poorer trains took them to Rawalpindi from where they had arranged to be flown with their nine tons of baggage to Gilgit in four separate flights by Dakota.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 89], "content_span": [90, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070682-0012-0000", "contents": "1953 German\u2013Austrian Nanga Parbat expedition, Departure from Munich and trek to Base Camp\nWhen they arrived in Gilgit a team of twenty-two Hunza porters had already been arranged (see section Hunza porters below). They were entertained with a game of polo and a series of banquets. On 8 May at a grand ceremony they were presented with a large Pakistani flag to be flown at Base camp and a small pennant for the summit. Then, over the next days they drove in fleets of trucks up the Indus valley to Talichi where they met 300 hill-peasant porters for the carry to Base Camp which commenced on 13 May. Trekking up the Rakhiot valley they left the last habitation at Tato and set up their interim base camp at 3,700 metres (12,000\u00a0ft) somewhat beyond Fairy Meadows.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 89], "content_span": [90, 763]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070682-0013-0000", "contents": "1953 German\u2013Austrian Nanga Parbat expedition, Departure from Munich and trek to Base Camp\nThe permanent base camp was further up the valley beyond the snout of the Rakhiot Glacier and on a  moraine mound at about 4,000 metres (13,000\u00a0ft). The porters refused to go any further so it was left to the climbers and Hunzas to establish Base Camp which was done by 25 May.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 89], "content_span": [90, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070682-0014-0000", "contents": "1953 German\u2013Austrian Nanga Parbat expedition, Progress up mountain, Camps I and II\nThe intention was to establish Camp I at 4,494 metres (14,745\u00a0ft) at the foot of the Great Icefall on the Rakhiot Glacier, sheltered from avalanches by a large rock. However the Hunzas went on strike asking for more food, clothes and pay and a reduction in their loads from 28 kilograms (62\u00a0lb) to 18 kilograms (40\u00a0lb). They were dismissed and, indeed, five of them left without pay. Hassan advised Herrligkoffer that just to be given extra food would be sufficient.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 82], "content_span": [83, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070682-0014-0001", "contents": "1953 German\u2013Austrian Nanga Parbat expedition, Progress up mountain, Camps I and II\nThe Hunzas were made to apologise personally and after prolonged delay nine of them were willing to go up to Camp I and Herrligkoffer started to arrange for 10 to 15 porters to be recruited from Tato in the Rakhiot valley to help up to Camp I. The lambardar or mayor of Tato insisted in joining in and Herrligkoffer was to find him a useless porter and a disruptive influence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 82], "content_span": [83, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070682-0015-0000", "contents": "1953 German\u2013Austrian Nanga Parbat expedition, Progress up mountain, Camps I and II\nFrom Camp I on 28 May Buhl and Rainer started reconnoitring a route up the icefall but they turned back exhausted after over 12 hours work and only reaching 400 metres (1,300\u00a0ft) of the 910 metres (3,000\u00a0ft) to the intended site for Camp II at 5,300 metres (17,400\u00a0ft). Frauenberger considered this the most dangerous part of the whole climb. Each day a separate pair of climbers furthered the icefall route until by 30 May they had reached only 91 metres (300\u00a0ft) below the site.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 82], "content_span": [83, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070682-0015-0001", "contents": "1953 German\u2013Austrian Nanga Parbat expedition, Progress up mountain, Camps I and II\nAlso by this time ten Hunzas and twenty Tato porters were carrying loads up to Camp I. Fixed ropes, rope ladders and a bridge were installed up to Camp II to let the Hunzas carry up to there as well. This camp provided a magnificent view of the Rakhiot Face and surroundings and would be used as a viewpoint for observing progress on the mountain. But it was also dangerous there with seracs all around and crevasses even passing between the tents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 82], "content_span": [83, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070682-0016-0000", "contents": "1953 German\u2013Austrian Nanga Parbat expedition, Progress up mountain, Camp III\nOn 6 June Rainer and Kempter started prospecting the route to Camp III and on 9 June Buhl and Bitterling led twelve Hunzas up to near the planned location for this camp at about 6,100 metres (20,000\u00a0ft). Herrligkoffer thought progress had been too slow so he sent Hassan to recruit twelve more Hunzas but it turned out only four of them were at all effective.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 76], "content_span": [77, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070682-0016-0001", "contents": "1953 German\u2013Austrian Nanga Parbat expedition, Progress up mountain, Camp III\nAschenbrenner then seized on a spell of good weather to arrange for Buhl, Kempter, K\u00f6llensperger and Rainer to start to force a way rapidly up towards Rakhiot Peak and then to traverse to the East Ar\u00eate, leaving the older team members to establish the camps. This was generally the route taken on the 1934 expedition \u2013 the 1932 expedition had tried to take a technically simpler lower route across the so-called \"Mulde\" (amphitheatre) at the base of Rakhiot Peak but had become bogged down in the snow.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 76], "content_span": [77, 579]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070682-0017-0000", "contents": "1953 German\u2013Austrian Nanga Parbat expedition, Progress up mountain, Camp III\nBuhl wrote that he and K\u00f6llensperger set off with some porters at 04:00 on 10 June to try to establish Camps III and IV on that day. They reached the site of the earlier expeditions' Camp III very early so Buhl let his porters straight past without explaining to them and on to the site of the previous Camp IV. Frauenberger followed them with more porters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 76], "content_span": [77, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070682-0017-0001", "contents": "1953 German\u2013Austrian Nanga Parbat expedition, Progress up mountain, Camp III\nBy 07:00 they were at the level plateau at 6,134 metres (20,125\u00a0ft) \u2013 Camp IV had been here in 1932 and 1934 but the 1937 expedition had set up camp some 91 metres (300\u00a0ft) lower and it was there that sixteen people had been killed by an avalanche that buried them in their tents. Rather than wait for everyone else, Buhl rapidly climbed the 6,450-metre (21,162\u00a0ft) South Chongra (a subsidiary peak of Chongra Peak) and returned to help set up their own Camp III before noon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 76], "content_span": [77, 552]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070682-0017-0002", "contents": "1953 German\u2013Austrian Nanga Parbat expedition, Progress up mountain, Camp III\nHe and Frauenberger stayed overnight at the camp and everyone else went down. Next day Frauenberger also climbed South Chongra and K\u00f6llensperger came up with three porters bringing fuel and supplies. On 12 June Buhl and Frauenberger managed to reach 6,700 metres (22,000\u00a0ft) at the foot of the ice wall rising to Rakhiot Peak \u2013 the place that would become their Camp IV \u2013 but a gathering storm made them go back to Camp III. They later heard that the South Congra excursions had been disapproved of by those in charge because they were not part of the essential plan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 76], "content_span": [77, 644]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070682-0018-0000", "contents": "1953 German\u2013Austrian Nanga Parbat expedition, Progress up mountain, Camp III\nIn his book Herrligkoffer places these events as being part of a new plan involving a whole team of climbers to speed up progress, a plan that Ashenbrenner, the climbing leader, launched on 11 June.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 76], "content_span": [77, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070682-0019-0000", "contents": "1953 German\u2013Austrian Nanga Parbat expedition, Progress up mountain, Camp IV\nFor a week the storm and deep snow prevented any progress above Camp III but on the fifth day of the storm Ashenbrenner, Ertl, Rainer, Kempter and K\u00f6llensperger arrived with porters to join them at Camp III with ample supplies. This, and the news coming through that Everest had been climbed, was a great encouragement. It was only on 18 June when the weather was fine, but the temperature was \u221221\u00a0\u00b0C (\u22126\u00a0\u00b0F), Frauenberger, Rainer, K\u00f6llensperger and Buhl were able to struggle up to the site for Camp IV where they dug two snow holes for tents. One cave could be quite roomy because they encountered a crevasse when digging and so were able to dump snow into it and then fill the gap. The next day Kempter and Buhl were able to stay the night at Camp IV.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 75], "content_span": [76, 830]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070682-0020-0000", "contents": "1953 German\u2013Austrian Nanga Parbat expedition, Progress up mountain, Camp IV\nFrom Camp IV the whole route to the summit could be seen. They would cross the 7,597-metre (24,925\u00a0ft) Silbersattel (or Silver Saddle), a broad snow-covered pass between the north and south Silberzacken peaks. After that was the so-called Fore Summit to be negotiated in some way from where the East Ar\u00eate led on via a notched col at the Bazhin Gap, then over the 8,070-metre (26,478\u00a0ft) Shoulder and on to the summit of Nanga Parbat itself.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 75], "content_span": [76, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070682-0021-0000", "contents": "1953 German\u2013Austrian Nanga Parbat expedition, Progress up mountain, Camp IV\nThe next few days were spent bringing up belaying rope and pitons preparing the way for Hunzas to climb to Camps IV and V but frequent storms delayed progress. In this way they reached the Moor's Head. Buhl and Kempter took time out to climb Rakhiot Peak, their first 7,000-metre peak, with Buhl climbing the pinnacle on the summit so pointed he could barely stand on it and from where he could look down on the vast Rupal Face to the south. Returning down they cut steps in the snow for the Hunzas. Although they were now ready for supplies to be carried higher the Hunzas, even the ones considered most capable, all claimed to be sick and storms intervened again.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 75], "content_span": [76, 741]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070682-0022-0000", "contents": "1953 German\u2013Austrian Nanga Parbat expedition, Progress up mountain, Camp IV\nBuhl had now recovered from a very severe cough but Rainer was suffering from phlebitis and had to return to base camp. Hence, Buhl and Kempter were poised to set up Camp V and make a bid for the summit. However Herrligkoffer wanted to attain success for the team, not for particular individuals, and was determined to control matters himself from Base Camp: \"If I had to choose between the two I would always go for the collaborative expedition that didn't reach the summit\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 75], "content_span": [76, 552]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070682-0022-0001", "contents": "1953 German\u2013Austrian Nanga Parbat expedition, Progress up mountain, Camp IV\nHerrligkoffer heard from the radio at Rawalpindi that the monsoon was imminent and from low on the mountain the conditions high up indeed looked very threatening so on 30 June he radioed to the four climbers and four Hunzas at Camp III to return to Base Camp. The climbers replied that the weather was good there so Herrligkoffer threatened to stop any further support. However Frauenberger was able to persuade Achenbrenner to allow them to proceed and so he, along with Buhl, Kempter and Ertl climbed up to Camp IV in glorious weather on 1 July. Next day they were again ordered to retreat from Camp IV and again they successfully resisted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 75], "content_span": [76, 718]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070682-0023-0000", "contents": "1953 German\u2013Austrian Nanga Parbat expedition, Progress up mountain, Camp V\nThe four climbers were at last able to persuade the Hunzas to accompany them in good weather along the difficult route across the Rakhiot Face and to reach the \"Moor's Head\" and establish Camp V behind the Moor's Head on 2 July.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 74], "content_span": [75, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070682-0024-0000", "contents": "1953 German\u2013Austrian Nanga Parbat expedition, Progress up mountain, Camp V\nThe expedition's plan had been for one more higher camp, possibly at the Bazhin Gap, but they decided because of the good weather that Buhl and Kempter would try next day for the summit. It would be an ascent of 1,200 metres (4,000\u00a0ft) over a distance of 4 miles (6.4\u00a0km). Frauenberger and Ertl would have liked to stay at Camp V to make their own bid the day after but there was no room in the tent so they accepted they would drop down to make way for the younger men.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 74], "content_span": [75, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070682-0025-0000", "contents": "1953 German\u2013Austrian Nanga Parbat expedition, Summit attempt, 3 July 1953\nBy 02:00 on 3 July Buhl was ready to leave the tent and set off for the summit but Kempter only stayed in his sleeping bag. Leaving Kempter with some of the food because he said he would soon follow, Buhl took the rest of the food, the Pakistan flag and Tirolese pennants, stimulant and anti-frostbite drugs (Pervitin and Padutin), ice axe, ski poles, crampons and a camera but no rope or climbing gear. As planned, neither took supplementary oxygen. There was an almost complete calm, it was very cold, and the night sky was clear. Once he reached the crest of the East Ar\u00eate the soft snow gave way to firm and progress was good though he was already taking two breaths for every stride. The sun was rising by 05:00 and Buhl could see Kempter about one hour behind.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 73], "content_span": [74, 840]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070682-0026-0000", "contents": "1953 German\u2013Austrian Nanga Parbat expedition, Summit attempt, 3 July 1953\nBy 07:00 he reached the Silver Saddle and could see the summit plateau stretching ahead. He decided not to wait for his partner and started crossing the plateau, now taking five breaths per stride. After three hours, from far side of the plateau, he could see Kempter on the Silver Saddle itself. Buhl was now at the level of the Bazhin Gap, a planned objective, but before him was the vertical south wall of the Fore Peak which he could not traverse alone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 73], "content_span": [74, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070682-0026-0001", "contents": "1953 German\u2013Austrian Nanga Parbat expedition, Summit attempt, 3 July 1953\nThe easiest route was to descend to the Diamir Gap but that involved a considerable climb up again. He was near the highest point reached by Aschenbrenner and Schneider on the 1934 expedition. He decided to skirt the Fore Peak closely to the north but he left his rucksack and carried only absolute necessities \u2013 by mistake he left a sweater in his rucksack.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 73], "content_span": [74, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070682-0026-0002", "contents": "1953 German\u2013Austrian Nanga Parbat expedition, Summit attempt, 3 July 1953\nNot attempting the 37 metres (120\u00a0ft) climb to the 8,055-metre (26,428\u00a0ft) summit of the Fore Peak by 14:00 he attained the Bazhin Gap, a col crossing the East Ar\u00eate, and he ascended the sharp, corniced ridge to the Shoulder with the 5,200-metre (17,000\u00a0ft) Rupal Face to his left. A gendarme rock pinnacle blocked the way but he passed it to the north using a hanging traverse which involved climbing down to a snow gully using his bare hands to jam into the rock. He climbed up again to the crest of the ridge and at 18:00 was at the top of the Shoulder at 8,070 metres (26,478\u00a0ft). After a gulp of coca tea he found the going easier but he was very tired and was reduced to crawling on all fours.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 73], "content_span": [74, 773]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070682-0027-0000", "contents": "1953 German\u2013Austrian Nanga Parbat expedition, Summit attempt, Summit\nAt 19:00 on 3 July 1953 Buhl reached the summit of Nanga Parbat itself. After seventeen hours' solo effort he became, and remains, the only person to have made the first ascent of an eight-thousand metre peak by himself. He took photographs and tied the Pakistan flag to his ice axe to leave it there as evidence. After about 30 minutes he took a small stone from the summit for his wife and started to descend using his ski poles but he soon regretted leaving his ice axe behind.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 68], "content_span": [69, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070682-0027-0001", "contents": "1953 German\u2013Austrian Nanga Parbat expedition, Summit attempt, Summit\nHe knew he would not be able to traverse past the gendarme again so he went down a snow slope towards the top of the ridge called the Mummery Rib hoping to regain the East Ar\u00eate before dark and reach camp V across the Silver Plateau in moonlight. However, severely delayed by a broken crampon strap, he was forced to stop in the dark at 21:00. He was forced to wait out the night at about 7,900 metres (26,000\u00a0ft) with only room for standing and leaning against a rock with a single handhold. He had nothing to eat or drink and missed his spare sweater but he fortified himself with stimulant and anti-frostbite pills. The weather was completely calm and the sky was filled with stars.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 68], "content_span": [69, 754]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070682-0028-0000", "contents": "1953 German\u2013Austrian Nanga Parbat expedition, Summit attempt, Descent to Base Camp\nAt first light on 4 July he continued down a rocky slope eventually reaching just under the Diamir Gap at noon then climbing up to below the Fore Peak to retrieve his rucksack. By this time the intense cold had given way to excessive heat in the sun. He was fortunate in managing to find his rucksack which provided him with glucose tablets which he swallowed mixed with snow. Accompanied by an imaginary companion he fought his way across the plateau to reach the Silver Saddle at 17:30 from where he could see the tent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 82], "content_span": [83, 604]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070682-0029-0000", "contents": "1953 German\u2013Austrian Nanga Parbat expedition, Summit attempt, Descent to Base Camp\nAt 19:00, after forty-one hours on his own, he neared the tent and Ertl joyfully came to meet him. He called across to Frauenberger at the Moor's Head who had started descending to Camp IV to leave room for two at Camp V in case Buhl returned. Their plan had been to take oxygen and start searching next day. To begin with they tactfully did not ask if he had reached the summit. They treated his frostbitten toes as best they could.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 82], "content_span": [83, 516]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070682-0030-0000", "contents": "1953 German\u2013Austrian Nanga Parbat expedition, Summit attempt, Descent to Base Camp\nNext day they hurried down before the weather broke and they reached Camp III. On 6 July they were met by Aumann and K\u00f6llensperger with fifteen Hunzas who were delighted by the success. Ertl took a photograph of Buhl showing the hardship he had suffered \"This famous portrait, arguably one of the most iconic in mountaineering history, was taken as Buhl made his descent\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 82], "content_span": [83, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070682-0030-0001", "contents": "1953 German\u2013Austrian Nanga Parbat expedition, Summit attempt, Descent to Base Camp\nHeated by the sun, the snow and ice conditions became dreadful so they had to stop at Camp II before starting off next day in the chill of the morning with Buhl in agony from his frostbite and inflamed throat. They reached Base Camp to what Buhl later described as \"the coolest of receptions\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 82], "content_span": [83, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070682-0031-0000", "contents": "1953 German\u2013Austrian Nanga Parbat expedition, Return to Germany\nIt was at Base Camp on 7 July that Herrligkoffer started treating Buhl's frostbite. He said that he did not climb up the mountain to treat Buhl sooner because originally his condition was not thought to be serious but by the time Buhl reached Base Camp it was too late to save his toes. Herrligkoffer offered to take Buhl as quickly as possible to hospital in Gilgit but for whatever reason Buhl was carried back along with the main party. In the event Buhl had to have half of each of two toes amputated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 63], "content_span": [64, 569]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070682-0032-0000", "contents": "1953 German\u2013Austrian Nanga Parbat expedition, Return to Germany\nThe expedition returned to the Indus valley in torrential monsoon rain from where they were able to telephone for trucks. On their journey to Gilgit large numbers of people who emerged to cheer them and in Karachi they were given a welcoming ceremony by the president of Pakistan and governnment ministers. By 22 July they flew back to Munich in groups and where the Berlin Geographical Society presented the expedition with its gold medal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 63], "content_span": [64, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070682-0033-0000", "contents": "1953 German\u2013Austrian Nanga Parbat expedition, Return to Germany\nHowever, the success of the expedition was marred by various recriminations. Herrligkoffer had not approved of the lead climbers' (particularly Buhl's) going against the team orders on the ascent and provided a very cool reception for them on the return to base camp and back in Germany he downplayed Buhl's role. Buhl retaliated by publishing his book Nanga Parbat Pilgrimage and by giving public lectures without permission and so breaking his contract. The returning climbers were polarised into  two groups.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 63], "content_span": [64, 575]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070682-0033-0001", "contents": "1953 German\u2013Austrian Nanga Parbat expedition, Return to Germany\nThose who Herrligkoffer felt had sacrificed their own personal ambitions he invited on his next expedition to Gasherbrum I then redirecting to Broad Peak but the summit attempt failed. Buhl was not invited and the expedition was not successful. Buhl then successfully tackled Broad Peak in 1957 but he was killed when trying for Chogolisa immediately afterwards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 63], "content_span": [64, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070682-0034-0000", "contents": "1953 German\u2013Austrian Nanga Parbat expedition, Other issues, Hunza porters\nEarly in 1953, before departure from Munich, Herrligkoffer had arranged for five Sherpas based in Darjeeling, led by Pasang Dawa Lama, to join the party in Rawalpindi. They did not arrive as scheduled so instructions were left for them to follow on when they arrived. The previous 1934 Nanga Parbat expedition had employed Sherpas and Bhotias based in Darjeeling who had been found more capable than the Hunzas of 1932.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 73], "content_span": [74, 493]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070682-0034-0001", "contents": "1953 German\u2013Austrian Nanga Parbat expedition, Other issues, Hunza porters\nHowever, following Pakistan's independence, there was a delay in visas being issued to people from India and so this expedition and the 1953 American Karakoram expedition had needed to employ local Hunza porters. There were difficulties other than political \u2013 Sherpas had suffered many deaths on Nanga Parbat and so tried to avoid the mountain, and that year there was a great demand for Sherpas, particularly from the 1953 British Mount Everest expedition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 73], "content_span": [74, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070682-0035-0000", "contents": "1953 German\u2013Austrian Nanga Parbat expedition, Other issues, Hunza porters\nThe Hunza porters came from the Hunza valley to the north of Gilgit. Herrligkoffer compared them unfavourably with Sherpas but he put this down to their comparative inexperience with mountain climbing rather than anything else. In his book Herrligkoffer praises Madi, the sirdar, and a group led by Isa Khan but says that only twelve of the twenty-two Hunzas were willing and adaptable. They were, however, willing, hefty and enthusiastic but needing to be supervised.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 73], "content_span": [74, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070682-0036-0000", "contents": "1953 German\u2013Austrian Nanga Parbat expedition, Other issues, Rudolf Rott\nRudolf Rott, from Augsburg, was an enthusiast for Nanga Parbat although he had no mountaineering experience. He had applied to join the expedition before it had left Germany but after he was turned down he had hitch-hiked to Karachi in Pakistan where he became ill and had to be hospitalised for a few weeks. Again he applied unsuccessfully to join the team. Then, unknown to the expedition, he hitch-hiked to Rawalpindi where he was refused an entry visa to Chilas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 71], "content_span": [72, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070682-0036-0001", "contents": "1953 German\u2013Austrian Nanga Parbat expedition, Other issues, Rudolf Rott\nHe then went along the Kaghan Valley to cross the Babusar Pass so arriving at Base Camp in early June, equipped with tent, ice axe and 27-kilogram (60\u00a0lb) rucksack, and asking to stay for a fortnight. Herrligkoffer decided to make him welcome, applied retrospectively for an entry visa for him, and appointed him deputy camp manager. This freed up Aumann for the actual climb enabling him to reach the Moor's Head at 7,000 metres (23,000\u00a0ft). Sadly for Rott the police later arrived to escort him away to Gilgit because he had entered Kashmir illegally.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 71], "content_span": [72, 625]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070683-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Gibraltar general election\nGeneral elections were held in Gibraltar on 17 November 1953. The Association for the Advancement of Civil Rights remained the largest party in the legislature, winning three of the five elected seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070684-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Giro d'Italia\nThe 1953 Giro d'Italia was the 36th\u00a0edition of the Giro d'Italia, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Giro started off in Milan on 12 May with a 263\u00a0km (163.4\u00a0mi) flat stage and concluded back in Milan with a 220\u00a0km (136.7\u00a0mi) relatively flat mass-start stage on 2 June. Sixteen teams entered the race, which was won by Italian Fausto Coppi of the Bianchi team. Second and third respectively were Swiss rider Hugo Koblet and Italian Pasquale Fornara.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070684-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Giro d'Italia\nHugo Koblet held the pink jersey up until the penultimate stage, when Coppi attacked and caught him on the climb up the Stelvio Pass, taking the lead and securing the final victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070684-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Giro d'Italia, Teams\nSixteen teams were invited by the race organizers to participate in the 1953 edition of the Giro d'Italia. Like the Tour de France the teams were nation based for the first time at the Giro, with each national team being sponsored by an Italian brand. Each team sent a squad of seven riders, which meant that the race started with a peloton of 112 cyclists. From the riders that began the race, 72 made it to the finish in Milan. In total there were 35 foreign riders that started the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 25], "content_span": [26, 516]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070684-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Giro d'Italia, Pre-race favorites\nThe \"Big Three\" of Gino Bartali (Bartali), Fausto Coppi (Bianchi), and Fiorenzo Magni (Ganna) were expected to dominate the general classification. A La Libert\u00e9 writer felt that young riders Giancarlo Astrua (Atala), Nino Defilippis (Legnano), Pasquale Fornara (Bottecchia), and climber Bruno Monti (Arbos) would be exciting to watch throughout the race to see their potential. French rider and Swiss riders were thought to be very strong, while Spanish riders Bernardo Ruiz and Michel Gual were thought to be their country's best riders. Swiss rider and former Giro winner Hugo Koblet (Cilo) was regarded as being in sensational form entering the Giro, coming off a win at the Tour de Romandie. Taking that into account with his good health, the media felt Koblet could be the one to challenge Coppi best.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 38], "content_span": [39, 845]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070684-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Giro d'Italia, Pre-race favorites\nA notable absence from the race was Bianchi rider Loretto Petrucci who had won the previous two Milan\u2013San Remo, who was not brought to the race because of his young age according to his team; however, he had previously raced in 1951 and 1952. A La Sentinelle writer believed that Petrucci's omission from the race was due to Petrucci's desire to race for victories and not for the team leader Coppi.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 38], "content_span": [39, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070684-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Giro d'Italia, Route and stages\nOn 26 March, the route was announced to be from 12 May to 28 May. It was later rumored on 30 March, that the race may include the Olympic stadium. The full route was later unveiled on 9 April 1953, with a changed finale on the 2 June. The race route featured 20 days of racing spread across 22 days as 20 May in Pisa and 27 May in San Pellegrino were set aside as rest days.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 36], "content_span": [37, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070684-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 Giro d'Italia, Race overview\nThe race started outside the Piazza del Duomo in Milan. Ferdinand Kubler withdrew from the race early on due to disputes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 33], "content_span": [34, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070684-0007-0000", "contents": "1953 Giro d'Italia, Classification leadership\nThe leader of the general classification \u2013 calculated by adding the stage finish times of each rider \u2013 wore a pink jersey. This classification is the most important of the race, and its winner is considered as the winner of the Giro. Time bonuses were awarded to the stage winner and the first riders to summit categorized climbs. Riders were allowed to have teammates and team cars help to following accidents and punctures.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 45], "content_span": [46, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070684-0007-0001", "contents": "1953 Giro d'Italia, Classification leadership\n\"Strollers\" in years past were punished with small fines, but in this edition of the race they were punished by time adjustments and repeat offenses may lead to disqualification from the race. The winner of the race received 1 million lire, while the remainder of the podium received 450,000 lire each.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 45], "content_span": [46, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070684-0008-0000", "contents": "1953 Giro d'Italia, Classification leadership\nTwo additional jerseys were in use. The green jersey was given to the best foreign cyclist in the general classification; at the end of the Giro it was worn by Swiss Hugo Koblet. The white jersey was given to the best cyclist riding with a licence for independents; this was won by Angelo Conterno. The winner of each classification earned 500,000 lire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 45], "content_span": [46, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070684-0009-0000", "contents": "1953 Giro d'Italia, Classification leadership\nThe mountains classification leader was not identified by a special jersey. The climbs all awarded three points to the first rider and one point to the second rider to cross the summit. There was one category for mountains which awarded five points down to one point for the first riders to cross the summit. The winner of the mountains classification was given 400,000 lire. Although no jersey was awarded, there was also one classification for the teams, in which the stage finish times of the best three cyclists per team were added; the leading team was the one with the lowest total time. The team winning team received 2.5 million lire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 45], "content_span": [46, 688]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070684-0010-0000", "contents": "1953 Giro d'Italia, Classification leadership\nEach day leading the general classification earned the rider and his team 100,000 lira, while the independent rider and foreign rider earned 25,000 lira each day for leading their respective classifications.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 45], "content_span": [46, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070685-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Giro di Lombardia\nThe 1953 Giro di Lombardia cycling race took place on October 25, 1953, and was won by Fiorelli's Bruno Landi. It was the 47th edition of the Giro di Lombardia \"monument\" classic race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070686-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Governor General's Awards\nIn Canada, the 1953 Governor General's Awards for Literary Merit were the seventeenth such awards. The awards in this period had no monetary prize but were an honour for the authors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070687-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Grand National\nThe 1953 Grand National was the 107th renewal of the Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool, England, on 28 March 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070687-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Grand National\nThe race was won by eight-year-old Early Mist at odds of 20/1. Early Mist was the first of trainer Vincent O'Brien's three consecutive Grand National victories, and his jockey, Bryan Marshall, would also go on to win a second successive National the following year on Royal Tan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070687-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Grand National\nOf the 31 that started, 5 finished. Mont Tremblant was 2nd, Irish Lizard was 3rd, Overshadow finished 4th and Senlac Hill was last to complete in 5th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070688-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season\nThe 1953 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season was the fifth F.I.M. Road Racing World Championship Grand Prix season. The season consisted of nine Grand Prix races in five classes: 500cc, 350cc, 250cc, 125cc and Sidecars 500cc. It began on 12 June, with Isle of Man TT and ended with Spanish Grand Prix on 4 October.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070688-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season, 1953 Grand Prix season calendar\n\u2020 After pronouncing the track unsafe before practice had begun, all the factory teams withdrew from the 350cc and 500cc classes in the proposed German Grand Prix. The event continued, but with the agreement that these two classes were only counted as an ordinary international event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 73], "content_span": [74, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070688-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season, Standings, Scoring system\nPoints were awarded to the top six finishers in each race. Only the four best races counted in the Sidecars, 125cc and 250cc, while in the 350cc and 500cc championships, the five best results were counted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070689-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Green Bay Packers season\nThe 1953 Green Bay Packers season was their 35th season overall and their 33rd in the National Football League. The team finished with a 2\u20139\u20131 record under head coach Gene Ronzani and interim co-coaches Ray McLean, and Hugh Devore, and finished last in the newly named Western Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070689-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Green Bay Packers season\nFourth-year head coach Ronzani led the team for the first ten games, but resigned after a nationally televised Thanksgiving Day loss, his eighth loss to the Detroit Lions in four seasons; McLean and Devore co-coached the last two games of the season, both losses. It was the only in-season coaching change in Packers history, until 2018. This season also marked the first season that the Packers played at the recently completed Milwaukee County Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070689-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Green Bay Packers season, Regular season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070690-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Guatemalan parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Guatemala for half the seats in Congress between 16 and 18 January 1953. The Revolutionary Action Party won a plurality of seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070690-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Guatemalan parliamentary election, Results\nThe four other parties were opposition parties, whilst all independents were pro-government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 47], "content_span": [48, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070691-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Gwydir by-election\nA by-election was held for the Australian House of Representatives seat of Gwydir on 19 December 1953. This was triggered by the death of Country Party MP Thomas Treloar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070691-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Gwydir by-election\nThe by-election was won by Country Party candidate Ian Allan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 85]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070692-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Hamilton Tiger-Cats season\nThe 1953 Hamilton Tiger-Cats finished in 2nd place in the East Division with an 8\u20136 record and won the Grey Cup over the Winnipeg Blue Bombers. This was their first Grey Cup as the Hamilton Tiger-Cats and the eighth won by teams based in Hamilton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070693-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Hardin\u2013Simmons Cowboys football team\nThe 1953 Hardin\u2013Simmons Cowboys football team was an American football team that represented Hardin\u2013Simmons University in the Border Conference during the 1953 college football season. In its second season under head coach Murray Evans, the team compiled a 6\u20135 record (4\u20131 against conference opponents), finished in second place in the conference, and was outscored by a total of 211 to 199. The team played its home games at Parramore Field, also known as Parramore Stadium, in Abilene, Texas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 536]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070693-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Hardin\u2013Simmons Cowboys football team\nTwo Hardin-Simmons players were named to the 1953 All-Border Conference football team: end D.C. Andrews; and center Sam Walker.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070694-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Harvard Crimson football team\nThe 1953 Harvard Crimson football team was an American football team that represented Harvard University during the 1953 college football season. In their fourth year under head coach Lloyd Jordan, the Crimson compiled a 6\u20132 record and outscored opponents 146 to 78. Richard J. Clasby was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070694-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Harvard Crimson football team\nHarvard played its home games at Harvard Stadium in the Allston neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070695-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Hawaii Rainbows football team\nThe 1953 Hawaii Rainbows football team represented the University of Hawai\u02bbi at M\u0101noa as an independent during the 1953 college football season. In their second season under head coach Hank Vasconcellos, the Rainbows compiled a 5\u20136 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070696-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Hawthorn Football Club season\nThe 1953 season was the Hawthorn Football Club's 29th season in the Victorian Football League and 52nd overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070696-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Hawthorn Football Club season, Fixture, Lightning Premiership\nThe lightning premiership was played between rounds 6 and 7.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 66], "content_span": [67, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070697-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Hayes and Harlington by-election\nThe 1953 Hayes and Harlington by-election was held on 1 April 1953 after the resignation of the Labour MP Walter Ayles. It was won by the Labour candidate Arthur Skeffington.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070698-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Holborn and St Pancras South by-election\nThe 1953 Holborn and St Pancras South by-election was held on 19 November 1953. It was held due to the death of the incumbent Labour MP, Santo Jeger. The seat was retained by his wife, Lena Jeger, the Labour candidate and a Guardian journalist and councillor on St Pancras Borough Council and the London County Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070698-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Holborn and St Pancras South by-election\nJeger retained the seat at the 1955 general election by 931 votes, but lost it by 656 votes to Geoffrey Johnson Smith of the Conservatives in the 1959 general election. She regained the seat in the 1964 general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070699-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Holy Cross Crusaders football team\nThe 1953 Holy Cross Crusaders football team was an American football team that represented the College of the Holy Cross as an independent during the 1953 college football season. In its tenth year under head coach Eddie Anderson, the team compiled a 5\u20135 record. The team played its home games at Fitton Field in Worcester, Massachusetts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070700-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Honduran Amateur League\nThe 1953 Honduran Amateur League was the seventh edition of the Honduran Amateur League. C.D. Federal obtained its 1st national title. The season ran from 3 May to 27 September 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070700-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Honduran Amateur League, National championship round\nPlayed in a double round-robin format between the regional champions. Also known as the Cuadrangular.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 57], "content_span": [58, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070701-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Hong Kong municipal election\nThe 1953 Urban Council election was held on 20 May 1953 for the 4 elected seats of the Urban Council of Hong Kong.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070701-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Hong Kong municipal election\nThe elected seats extended from 2 seats to 4 seats in this election, which increased the total numbers of member from 13 to 15. For the first time the polling station was set in the Kowloon peninsula, at the Kowloon-Canton Railway Station in Tsim Sha Tsui, besides the one in Hong Kong Island. Despite that, only 2,536 of 10,798 eligible voters, about twenty percent of the electorate, cast ballots, less than last year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070701-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Hong Kong municipal election\nAll candidates from the Reform Club, including Brook Bernacchi and Woo Pak-chuen were elected, while incumbent William Louey lost the re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070702-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Houston Cougars baseball team\nThe 1953 Houston Cougars baseball team represented the University of Houston during the 1953 NCAA baseball season. The team won the Missouri Valley Conference regular season championship, and advanced to participate in the College World Series. It was Houston's first appearance in the College World Series. The team was coached by fourth-year head coach Lovette Hill, and played its home games at Cougar Field.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070702-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Houston Cougars baseball team\nShowing a sluggish start to the season, Houston lost six out of their first seven games, but then went on a seven-game winning streak that eventually propelled the team to a conference championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070703-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Houston Cougars football team\nThe 1953 Houston Cougars football team was an American football team that represented the University of Houston in the Missouri Valley Conference (MVC) during the 1953 college football season. In its sixth season under head coach Clyde Lee, the team compiled a 4\u20134\u20131 record (1\u20132 against conference opponents) and tied for third place out of five teams in the MVC. Buddy Gillioz and Paul Carr were the team captains. The team played its home games at Rice Stadium in Houston.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070704-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team\nThe 1953 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team represented Humboldt State College during the 1953 college football season. Humboldt State competed in the Far Western Conference (FWC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070704-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team\nThe 1953 Lumberjacks were led by third-year head coach Phil Sarboe. They played home games at the Redwood Bowl in Arcata, California. Humboldt State finished with a record of six wins and two losses (6\u20132, 2\u20131 FWC). The Lumberjacks outscored their opponents 122\u201339 for the season. The defense yielded more than a touchdown in only two games and had four shutouts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070704-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Humboldt State players were selected in the 1954 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 70], "content_span": [71, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070705-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Hungarian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Hungary on 17 May 1953. As would be the case with all elections for the remainder of Communist rule, voters were presented with a single list from the Communist Hungarian Working People's Party, comprising Communists and pro-Communist independents. The Working People's Party  won 206 of the 298 seats, with the remaining 92 going to independents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070706-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships\nThe 1953 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships were held in Meran, Italy under the auspices of International Canoe Federation. It was the 3rd edition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070707-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 IRFU College Draft\nThe 1953 IRFU College Draft was the first official sports draft held by the Interprovincial Rugby Football Union, a predecessor of the East Division of the Canadian Football League, in the spring of 1953. 40 players were chosen from among eligible players from five eastern universities, McGill University, Queen's University, University of Toronto, University of Western Ontario, and McMaster University. The Montreal Alouettes had the first selection, Doug McNichol, who became the first player to be drafted to a Canadian professional football team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070707-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 IRFU College Draft\nThe following list only includes the first three rounds due to historical limitations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070708-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Ice Hockey World Championships\nThe 1953 Ice Hockey World Championships  were the 20th World Championships and the 31st European Championships in ice hockey. The tournament took place between March 7 and March 15, 1953, in Basel and Zurich, Switzerland. Sweden won their first World Championship title and their seventh European Championship title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070708-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Ice Hockey World Championships\nThis was the first world championship tournament with only European teams; on January 12, 1953, Canadian Amateur Hockey Association president W. B. George stated Canada would not be sending a team to the 1953 World Championships. He told the press: \"Every year we spend C$10,000 to send a Canadian hockey team to Europe to play 40 exhibition games. All these games are played to packed houses that only enrich European hockey coffers. In return we are subjected to constant, unnecessary abuse over our Canadian style of play\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070708-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Ice Hockey World Championships\nAlso absent were the Soviet Union; it was hoped that the USSR would participate but they did not, but they sent observers, including coach Anatoli Tarasov, to scout the tournament. It is believed that injuries to their star players, including Vsevolod Bobrov, was the reason behind the decision.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070708-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Ice Hockey World Championships\nCzechoslovakia were withdrawn from the tournament by General Franti\u0161ek Janda, the Chairman of the State Committee for the Physical Education and Sport, who ordered the team home when it became obvious their President, Klement Gottwald, was going to die from pneumonia he contracted at Stalin's funeral. Gottwald died the next day, March 14, 1953; subsequently, the team was disqualified, with their results being deleted from the records and their remaining games cancelled.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 510]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070708-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Ice Hockey World Championships, World Championships Group B (Switzerland)\nAlso participating was a Swiss 'B' team who (if their games counted) would have finished third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 78], "content_span": [79, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070709-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Icelandic parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Iceland on 28 June 1953. The Independence Party remained the largest party in the Lower House of the Althing, winning 14 of the 35 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070709-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Icelandic parliamentary election, Electoral system\nThe elections were conducted under two electoral systems. Twenty-one members were elected in single-member constituencies via first-past-the-post voting, while the remainder were elected using D'Hondt method proportional representation: twelve members in two-member constituencies, eight members in Reykjav\u00edk, and eleven from a single national compensatory list. To earn national list seats, a party had to win at least one constituency seat. In constituencies electing two or more members, within the party list, voters had the option to re-rank the candidates and could also strike a candidate out. Allocation of seats to candidates was done using a system based on the Borda count.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 55], "content_span": [56, 740]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070710-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Idaho State Bengals football team\nThe 1953 Idaho State Bengals football team was an American football team that represented Idaho State University in the Rocky Mountain Conference (RMC) during the 1953 college football season. In their second season under head coach Babe Caccia, the Bengals compiled a 6\u20132 record (5\u20130 against conference opponents), won the RMC championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 165 to 141. The team captains were Nolan Ford and Vernon Ravsten.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070711-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Idaho Vandals football team\nThe 1953 Idaho Vandals football team represented the University of Idaho in the 1953 college football season. The\u00a0Vandals were led by third-year head coach Raymond \"Babe\" Curfman and were members of the Pacific Coast Conference. Home\u00a0games were played on campus at Neale Stadium in Moscow, with two games in Boise at old Bronco Stadium at Boise Junior College.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070711-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Idaho Vandals football team\nLed on the field by quarterback George Eidam, Idaho compiled a 1\u20138 record and were winless in their three PCC\u00a0games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070711-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Idaho Vandals football team\nThe Vandals suffered another loss in the Battle of the Palouse with neighbor Washington State, falling 13\u201330 at Neale Stadium on October 17. It ran the winless streak against the Cougars to 27\u00a0games, a\u00a0record of 0\u201325\u20132 since taking three straight in 1923\u201325; the Vandals broke the streak the next\u00a0year in\u00a0Pullman under new head\u00a0coach Skip\u00a0Stahley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070711-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Idaho Vandals football team\nIn the rivalry game with Montana at Missoula two weeks earlier, the Vandals ran their winning streak over the Grizzlies to three and retained the Little Brown Stein. Idaho scored twenty unanswered points to win 20\u201312, in their sole victory of the\u00a0season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070711-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Idaho Vandals football team\nCurfman made headlines in 1953 as his overmatched Vandals struggled in conference play in the\u00a0PCC, and was under fire from alumni and boosters after a disappointing season. Following his resignation in December, he was hired as the business manager for the Spokane Indians minor league baseball team in January\u00a01954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070711-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Idaho Vandals football team, All-conference\nNo Vandals were on the All-PCC team; fullback Flip Kleffner was named to the second team and center Mel Bertrand was honorable mention.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070711-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 Idaho Vandals football team, NFL Draft\nOne senior from the 1953 Vandals was selected in the 1954 NFL Draft:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070712-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Illinois Fighting Illini football team\nThe 1953 Illinois Fighting Illini football team was an American football team that represented the University of Illinois during the 1953 Big Ten Conference football season. In their 12th year under head coach Ray Eliot, the Illini compiled a 7\u20131\u20131 record, finished in a tie for first place in the Big Ten Conference, and were ranked #7 in the final AP Poll. The sole defeat was a 34\u20137 loss to Wisconsin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070712-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Illinois Fighting Illini football team\nTackle Don Ernst was selected as the team's most valuable player. Sophomore halfback J. C. Caroline led the team with 1,256 rushing yards on 194 attempts (6.5 yards per carry) and was selected as a consensus first-team player on the 1953 College Football All-America Team. Guard John Bauer was selected by the Newspaper Enterprise Association as a third-team All-American.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070713-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Indian Rajya Sabha elections\nRajya Sabha elections were held on various dates in 1953, to elect members of the Rajya Sabha, Indian Parliament's upper chamber.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070713-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Indian Rajya Sabha elections, Elections, Members elected\nThe following members are elected in the elections held in 1953. They are members for the term 1953-1959 and retire in year 1959, except in case of the resignation or death before the term. The list is incomplete.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 61], "content_span": [62, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070713-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Indian Rajya Sabha elections, Bye-elections\nThe following bye elections were held in the year 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 48], "content_span": [49, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070714-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Indiana Hoosiers football team\nThe 1953 Indiana Hoosiers football team represented the Indiana Hoosiers in the 1953 Big Ten Conference football season. They participated as members of the Big Ten Conference. The Hoosiers played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Bloomington, Indiana. The team was coached by Bernie Crimmins, in his second year as head coach of the Hoosiers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070715-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Indianapolis 500\nThe 37th International 500-Mile Sweepstakes was held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway on Saturday, May 30, 1953. The event was part of the 1953 AAA National Championship Trail, and was race 2 of 9 in the 1953 World Championship of Drivers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070715-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Indianapolis 500\nBill Vukovich, after falling short a year before, earned the first of two consecutive Indy 500 victories. With the temperature in the high 90s (\u00b0F), and the track temperature exceeding 130\u00a0\u00b0F (54\u00a0\u00b0C), this race is often known as the \"Hottest 500.\" Driver Carl Scarborough dropped out the race, and later died at the infield hospital due to heat prostration.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070715-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Indianapolis 500\nDue to the extreme heat conditions, several drivers in the field required relief drivers, and some relief drivers even required additional relief. Vukovich, however, as well as second-place finisher Art Cross, both ran the full 500 miles solo.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070715-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Indianapolis 500, Race details, Practice\nSixteen year race veteran Chet Miller died in an accident in practice on May 15.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 45], "content_span": [46, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070715-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Indianapolis 500, Race details, Qualifying\nVukovich qualified on pole, with a speed of 138.392\u00a0mph (222.720\u00a0km/h).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 47], "content_span": [48, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070715-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Indianapolis 500, Race details, Race\nPolesitter Bill Vukovich dominated the race, leading 195 laps and also recording fastest lap.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 41], "content_span": [42, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070715-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 Indianapolis 500, Race details, Race\nCarl Scarborough retired from the race due to heat exhaustion, and died later at the infield hospital.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 41], "content_span": [42, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070715-0007-0000", "contents": "1953 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio\nThe race was carried live flag-to-flag on the Indianapolis Motor Speedway Radio Network. Instead of being produced by 1070 WIBC-AM, the network pooled together talent and technical staff from all five of the major radio stations in Indianapolis. The broadcast was anchored by Sid Collins, and featured on-air talent from WIBC, WFBM, WISH, WIRE, and WXLW.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 42], "content_span": [43, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070715-0008-0000", "contents": "1953 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio\nThe broadcast signed on at 10:45\u00a0a.m. local time, and carried live through the conclusion, until 3:45\u00a0p.m. local time. The broadcast was carried on 135 stations in at least 35 states across the country, and on Armed Forced Network to Europe and Asia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 42], "content_span": [43, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070715-0009-0000", "contents": "1953 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio\nSouth Turns: Bill FroschNorth Turns: Jim SheltonTrackside location: Dick PittengerTrackside location: Robin Bright", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 42], "content_span": [43, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070716-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Individual Speedway World Championship\nThe 1953 Individual Speedway World Championship was the eighth edition of the official World Championship to determine the world champion rider.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070716-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Individual Speedway World Championship\nWelshman Freddie Williams became the second rider to win a second title in front of a 90,000 attendance at Wembley Stadium. Williams won 4 of his 5 races, only dropping one point in heat 13 to Jeff Lloyd. Geoff Mardon defeated Olle Nygren in the bronze medal ride off.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070716-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Individual Speedway World Championship, World final, Classification\nm - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance \u2022  t - exclusion for touching the tapes \u2022  x - other exclusion \u2022  e - retired or mechanical failure \u2022  f - fell \u2022  ns - non-starter \u2022  nc - non-classify", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 72], "content_span": [73, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070717-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 International Cross Country Championships\nThe 1953 International Cross Country Championships was held in Vincennes, France, at the Hippodrome de Vincennes on March 21, 1953. A report on the event was given in the Glasgow Herald.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070717-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 International Cross Country Championships\nComplete results, medallists, and the results of British athletes were published.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070717-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 International Cross Country Championships, Participation\nAn unofficial count yields the participation of 89 athletes from 10 countries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 61], "content_span": [62, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070718-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Invercargill mayoral election\nThe 1953 Invercargill mayoral election was part of the New Zealand local elections held that same year. The polling was conducted using the standard first-past-the-post electoral method.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070718-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Invercargill mayoral election, Background\nA major talking point in the lead up to the election was the potential of a clash with the 1953 Royal Tour. There were proposals to postpone local elections until early 1954 over fears of reduced turnout due to a conflicted schedule. The proposals were considered by the Minister of Internal Affairs William Bodkin, who ultimately decided against it.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070718-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Invercargill mayoral election, Background\nThe one-term incumbent mayor Brian Hewat sought another term, but was defeated for the position in a challenge from three-term Invercargill Borough Councillor Adam Adamson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070719-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Ionian earthquake\nThe 1953 Ionian earthquake (also known as the Great Kefalonia earthquake) struck the southern Ionian Islands in Greece on August 12. In mid-August there were over 113 recorded earthquakes in the region between Kefalonia and Zakynthos, and the most destructive was the August 12 earthquake. The event measured 6.8 on the moment magnitude scale, raised the whole island of  Kefalonia by 60\u00a0cm (24\u00a0in), and caused widespread damage throughout the islands of Kefalonia and Zakynthos. The maximum felt intensity of shaking was X (extreme) on the Mercalli intensity scale. Between 445 and 800 people were killed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 629]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070719-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Ionian earthquake, Earthquake\nThe earthquake struck at 09:23:55 (UTC) or 11:23:55 (local time); the Royal Navy vessels HMS Gambia and HMS Bermuda were among the first on the scene. In addition, four Israeli warships received calls for help coming from the island of Kefalonia and the ships headed to the island. The sailors provided emergency medical aid, food, and water. This was the first time Israel provided aid to a disaster-stricken area.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 450]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070719-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Ionian earthquake, Earthquake\nAlthough known as the \"Great Kefalonia earthquake\", damage was very heavy in Zakynthos' eponymous capital city. Only two buildings survived there; the rest of the island's capital had to be rebuilt. Argostoli, the capital of Kefalonia, suffered substantial damage and all of Kefalonia's buildings were flattened except for those in Fiskardo in the far north.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070719-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Ionian earthquake, Damage\nAs well as causing major destruction on the two islands, the economic impact was far greater, and damage was estimated to have totaled billions of drachmas. Many people fled the island: some people temporarily moved to the capital, however the majority emigrated out of Greece entirely to countries such as Canada, USA, Australia or the UK, leaving both the islands and their economy in ruins.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070719-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Ionian earthquake, Damage\nOn November 15, 1953 The Greek state issued a special set of 2 stamps dedicated to the earthquake. One stamp was of 300 drachmas value (equivalent to $10 in those days) depicting the collapsing bell tower of the Faneromeni Church at Zakynthos. The other stamp, denominated at 500 drachmas ($16,67), showed the damage to the famous De Bosset stone bridge at the Argostoli bay. The stamp set was issued in order to support financially the earthquake fund for the relief of those who had suffered.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070719-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Ionian earthquake, Damage\nAn Italian mission of the National Fire and rescue Services (Corpo Nazionale dei Vigili del Fuoco) was sent to help people and save heritage artifacts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070719-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 Ionian earthquake, Aftermath\nEarthquakes still regularly affect the islands of Zakynthos and Kefalonia, including several 2006 earthquakes in Zakynthos and others in 2003 and 2005. There were also several large earthquakes on January\u00a026 and February\u00a03, 2014, measuring 6.1 and 6.0 on the Richter scale. The epicenters of both were in Kefalonia at very shallow depths and caused damage in the island. On October 25, 2018 there was a 6.8 magnitude earthquake off the coast that damaged parts of the Zante port docks. Following that quake, there were more than 50 additional quakes over 4 magnitude in the Ionian Sea between the 25th and the end of October.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 659]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070720-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Iowa Hawkeyes football team\nThe 1953 Iowa Hawkeyes football team represented the University of Iowa in the 1953 Big Ten Conference football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070721-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Iowa State Cyclones football team\nThe 1953 Iowa State Cyclones football team represented Iowa State College of Agricultural and Mechanic Arts (later renamed Iowa State University) in the Big Seven Conference during the 1953 college football season. In their seventh and final year under head coach Abe Stuber, the Cyclones compiled a 2\u20137 record (1\u20135 against conference opponents), finished in last place in the conference, and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 211 to 120. They played their home games at Clyde Williams Field in Ames, Iowa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070721-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Iowa State Cyclones football team\nThe team's regular starting lineup on offense consisted of left end Barney Alleman, left tackle Ralph Brown, left guard Bill Wilson, center Jim Rawley, right guard Gean Kowalski, right tackle Jack Lessin, right end Kim Tidd, quarterback Bill Plantan, left halfback Dan Rice, right halfback Dick Cox, and fullback Max Burkett. Jack Lessin and Jim Rawley were the team captains.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070721-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Iowa State Cyclones football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Max Burkett with 342 rushing yards, Bill Plantan with 723 passing yards and 41 points (five touchdowns and 11 extra points), and Gary Lutz with 249 receiving yards. Max Burkett was selected as a first-team all-conference player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat\nThe 1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, known in Iran as the 28 Mordad coup d'\u00e9tat (Persian: \u06a9\u0648\u062f\u062a\u0627\u06cc \u06f2\u06f8 \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f\u200e), was the overthrow of the democratically elected Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh in favour of strengthening the monarchical rule of the Shah, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi on 19 August 1953. It was orchestrated by the United States (under the name TPAJAX Project or \"Operation Ajax\") and the United Kingdom (under the name \"Operation Boot\"). The clergy also played a considerable role.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 505]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat\nMosaddegh had sought to audit the documents of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (AIOC), a British corporation (now part of BP) and to limit the company's control over Iranian oil reserves. Upon the AIOC's refusal to co-operate with the Iranian government, the parliament (Majlis) voted to nationalize Iran's oil industry and to expel foreign corporate representatives from the country. After this vote, Britain instigated a worldwide boycott of Iranian oil to pressure Iran economically.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0001-0001", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat\nInitially, Britain mobilized its military to seize control of the British-built Abadan oil refinery, then the world's largest, but Prime Minister Clement Attlee (in power until 1951) opted instead to tighten the economic boycott while using Iranian agents to undermine Mosaddegh's government. Judging Mosaddegh to be unreliable and fearing a Communist takeover in Iran, UK prime minister Winston Churchill and the Eisenhower administration decided in early 1953 to overthrow Iran's government, though the preceding Truman administration had opposed a coup, fearing the precedent that Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) involvement would set. British intelligence officials' conclusions and the UK government's solicitations were instrumental in initiating and planning the coup, despite the fact that the U.S. government in 1952 had been considering unilateral action (without UK support) to assist the Mosaddegh government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 948]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat\nFollowing the coup in 1953, a government under General Fazlollah Zahedi was formed which allowed Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the last Shah of Iran (Persian for an Iranian king), to rule more firmly as monarch. He relied heavily on United States support to hold on to power. According to the CIA's declassified documents and records, some of the most feared mobsters in Tehran were hired by the CIA to stage pro-Shah riots on 19 August. Other men paid by the CIA were brought into Tehran in buses and trucks, and took over the streets of the city.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 566]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0002-0001", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat\nBetween 200 and 300 people were killed because of the conflict. Mosaddegh was arrested, tried and convicted of treason by the Shah's military court. On 21 December 1953, he was sentenced to three years in jail, then placed under house arrest for the remainder of his life. Other Mosaddegh supporters were imprisoned, and several received the death penalty. After the coup, the Shah continued his rule as monarch for the next 26 years until he was overthrown in the Iranian Revolution in 1979.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat\nIn August 2013 the U.S. government formally acknowledged the U.S. role in the coup by releasing a bulk of previously classified government documents that show it was in charge of both the planning and the execution of the coup, including the bribing of Iranian politicians, security and army high-ranking officials, as well as pro-coup propaganda. The CIA is quoted acknowledging the coup was carried out \"under CIA direction\" and \"as an act of U.S. foreign policy, conceived and approved at the highest levels of government\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Background\nThroughout the 19th century, Iran was caught between two advancing imperial powers, Russia and Britain. In 1892, the British diplomat George Curzon described Iran as \"pieces on a chessboard upon which is being played out a game for the dominion of the world.\" During the latter half of the 19th century, the concession policies of the monarchy faced increased opposition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 36], "content_span": [37, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0004-0001", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Background\nIn 1872, a representative of British entrepreneur Paul Reuter met with the Iranian monarch Naser al-Din Shah Qajar and agreed to fund the monarch's upcoming lavish visit to Europe in return for exclusive contracts for Iranian roads, telegraphs, mills, factories, extraction of resources, and other public works, in which Reuter would receive a stipulated sum for five years and 60% of all the net revenue for 20 years. However, the so-called \"Reuter concession\" was never put into effect because of violent opposition at home and from Russia. In 1892 the Shah was forced to revoke a tobacco monopoly given to Major G. F. Talbot, following protests and a widespread tobacco boycott.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 36], "content_span": [37, 718]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Background\nIn 1901, Mozzafar al-Din Shah Qajar granted a 60-year petroleum search concession to William Knox D'Arcy. D'Arcy paid \u00a320,000 (equivalent to \u00a32.1 million in 2019), according to journalist-turned-historian Stephen Kinzer, and promised equal ownership shares, with 16% of any future net profit, as calculated by the company. However, the historian L. P. Elwell-Sutton wrote, in 1955, that \"Persia's share was 'hardly spectacular' and no money changed hands.\" On 31 July 1907, D'Arcy withdrew from his private holdings in Persia, and transferred them to the British-owned Burmah Oil Company. On 26 May 1908 the company struck oil at a depth of 1,180 feet (360\u00a0m). The company grew slowly until World War I, when Persia's strategic importance led the British government to buy a controlling share in the company, essentially nationalizing British oil production in Iran.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 36], "content_span": [37, 903]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Background\nThe British angered the Persians by intervening in their domestic affairs, including in the Persian Constitutional Revolution. Massive popular protests had forced Mozzafar al-Din Shah to allow for the Constitution of 1906, which limited his powers. It allowed for a democratically elected parliament Majlis to make the laws, and a prime minister to sign and carry them out. The Prime Minister would be appointed by the Shah after a vote of confidence from Parliament. Nevertheless, the new constitution gave the shah many executive powers as well.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 36], "content_span": [37, 584]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0006-0001", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Background\nIt allowed for the shah to issue royal decrees (Farman), gave him the power to appoint and dismiss prime ministers (upon votes of confidence from Parliament), appoint half of the members of the Senate (which was not convened until 1949), and introduce bills to and even dissolve Parliament. It abolished arbitrary rule, but the shah served as an executive, rather than in a ceremonial role; consequently when a shah was weak, the government was more democratic, but when the shah acted on his own, the democratic aspects of the government could be sidelined.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 36], "content_span": [37, 595]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0006-0002", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Background\nThe contradictory aspects of this constitution would cause conflicts in the future. The Constitutional Revolution was opposed by the British and Russians, who attempted to subvert it through the backing of Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar (the son of Mozzafar-e-din Shah), who tried to break up the democratic government by force. A guerrilla movement led by Sattar Khan deposed him in 1910.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 36], "content_span": [37, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0007-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Background\nIn the aftermath of World War I there was widespread political dissatisfaction with the royalty terms of the British petroleum concession, under the Anglo-Persian Oil Company (APOC), whereby Persia received 16% of \"net profits\". In 1921, after years of severe mismanagement under the Qajar Dynasty, a coup d'\u00e9tat (allegedly backed by the British) brought a general, Reza Khan, into the government. By 1923, he had become prime minister, and gained a reputation as an effective politician with a lack of corruption.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 36], "content_span": [37, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0007-0001", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Background\nBy 1925 under his influence, Parliament voted to remove Ahmad Shah Qajar from the throne, and Reza Khan was crowned Reza Shah Pahlavi, of the Pahlavi Dynasty. Reza Shah began a rapid and successful modernization program in Persia, which up until that point had been considered to be among the most impoverished countries in the world. Nevertheless, Reza Shah was also a very harsh ruler who did not tolerate dissent. By the 1930s, he had suppressed all opposition, and had sidelined the democratic aspects of the constitution. Opponents were jailed and in some cases even executed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 36], "content_span": [37, 618]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0007-0002", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Background\nWhile some agreed with his policies, arguing that it was necessary as Iran was in such turmoil, others argued that it was unjustified. One such opponent was a politician named Mohammad Mosaddegh, who was jailed in 1940. The experience gave him a lasting dislike for authoritarian rule and monarchy, and it helped make Mosaddegh a dedicated advocate of complete oil nationalization in Iran.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 36], "content_span": [37, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0008-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Background\nReza Shah attempted to attenuate the power of the colonial forces in Iran, and was successful to a large extent. However, he also needed them to help modernize the country. He did so by balancing the influence of various colonial powers, including that of Britain and Germany. In the 1930s, Reza Shah tried to terminate the APOC concession that the Qajar dynasty had granted, but Iran was still weak and Britain would not allow it. The concession was renegotiated on terms again favorable to the British (although the D'Arcy Concession was softened). On 21 March 1935, Reza Shah changed the name of the country from Persia to Iran. The Anglo-Persian Oil Company was then renamed the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (AIOC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 36], "content_span": [37, 753]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0009-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Background\nIn 1941, after the Nazi invasion of the USSR, the British and Commonwealth of Nations forces and the Red Army invaded Iran. Reza Shah had declared neutrality in World War II, and tried to balance between the two major powers, Britain and Nazi Germany. The primary reason for the invasion was to secure Iran's oil fields and the Trans-Iranian Railway in order to deliver supplies to the USSR. Reza Shah was arrested, deposed, and exiled by the British, and some other prominent officials were jailed as well. Reza Shah's 22-year-old son, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, became the Shah of Iran.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 36], "content_span": [37, 621]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0009-0001", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Background\nThe new Shah, unlike his father, was initially a mild leader and at times indecisive. During the 1940s he did not for most part take an independent role in the government, and much of Reza Shah's authoritarian policies were rolled back. Iranian democracy effectively was restored during this period as a result.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 36], "content_span": [37, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0010-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Background\nThe British soldiers withdrew from Iran after the end of the war. However, under Stalin, the Soviet Union partly remained by sponsoring two \"People's Democratic Republics\" within Iran's borders. The related conflict was ended when the US lobbied for the Iranian Army to reassert control over the two occupied territories. The earlier agreed-upon Soviet-Iranian oil agreement would never be honored. Nationalist leaders in Iran became influential by seeking a reduction in long-term foreign interventions in their country\u2014especially the oil concession which was very profitable for the West and not very profitable for Iran. The British-controlled AIOC refused to allow its books to be audited to determine whether the Iranian government was being paid what had been promised. British intransigence irked the Iranian population.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 36], "content_span": [37, 864]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0011-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Background\nU.S. objectives in the Middle East remained the same between 1947 and 1952 but its strategy changed. Washington remained \"publicly in solidarity and privately at odds\" with Britain, its World War II ally. Britain's empire was steadily weakening, and with an eye on international crises, the U.S. re-appraised its interests and the risks of being identified with British colonial interests. \"In Saudi Arabia, to Britain's extreme disapproval, Washington endorsed the arrangement between ARAMCO and Saudi Arabia in the 50/50 accord that had reverberations throughout the region.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 36], "content_span": [37, 614]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0012-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Background\nIran's oil had been discovered and later controlled by the British-owned AIOC. Popular discontent with the AIOC began in the late 1940s: a large segment of Iran's public and a number of politicians saw the company as exploitative and a central tool of continued British imperialism in Iran.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 36], "content_span": [37, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0013-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Oil nationalization crisis, Assassination attempt on the Shah, and the appointment of Mosaddegh as Prime Minister\nIn 1949, an assassin attempted to kill the Shah. Shocked by the experience and emboldened by public sympathy for his injury, the Shah began to take an increasingly active role in politics. He quickly organized the Iran Constituent Assembly to amend the constitution to increase his powers. He established the Senate of Iran which had been a part of the Constitution of 1906 but had never been convened. The Shah had the right to appoint half the senators and he chose men sympathetic to his aims.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 139], "content_span": [140, 636]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0013-0001", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Oil nationalization crisis, Assassination attempt on the Shah, and the appointment of Mosaddegh as Prime Minister\nMosaddegh thought this increase in the Shah's political power was not democratic; he believed that the Shah should \"reign, but not rule\" in a manner similar to Europe's constitutional monarchies. Led by Mosaddegh, political parties and opponents of the Shah's policies banded together to form a coalition known as the National Front. Oil nationalization was a major policy goal for the party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 139], "content_span": [140, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0014-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Oil nationalization crisis, Assassination attempt on the Shah, and the appointment of Mosaddegh as Prime Minister\nBy 1951, the National Front had won majority seats for the popularly elected Majlis (Parliament of Iran). According to Iran's constitution, the majority elected party in the parliament would give a vote of confidence for its prime minister candidate, after which the Shah would appoint the candidate to power. The Prime Minister Haj Ali Razmara, who opposed the oil nationalization on technical grounds, was assassinated by the hardline Fadaiyan e-Islam (whose spiritual leader the Ayatollah Abol-Qassem Kashani, a mentor to the future Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, had been appointed Speaker of the Parliament by the National Front).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 139], "content_span": [140, 773]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0014-0001", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Oil nationalization crisis, Assassination attempt on the Shah, and the appointment of Mosaddegh as Prime Minister\nAfter a vote of confidence from the National Front dominated Parliament, Mosaddegh was appointed prime minister of Iran by the Shah (replacing Hossein Ala, who had replaced Razmara). Under heavy pressure by the National Front, the assassin of Razmara (Khalil Tahmasebi) was released and pardoned, thus proving the movement's power in Iranian politics. For the time being, Mosaddegh and Kashani were allies of convenience, as Mosaddegh saw that Kashani could mobilize the \"religious masses\", while Kashani wanted Mosaddegh to create an Islamic state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 139], "content_span": [140, 689]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0014-0002", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Oil nationalization crisis, Assassination attempt on the Shah, and the appointment of Mosaddegh as Prime Minister\nKashani's Fadaiyan mobs often violently attacked the opponents of nationalization and opponents of the National Front government, as well as \"immoral objects\", acting at times as unofficial \"enforcers\" for the movement. However, by 1953 Mosaddegh was becoming increasingly opposed to Kashani, as the latter was contributing to mass political instability in Iran. Kashani in turn, berated Mosaddegh for not \"Islamizing\" Iran, as the latter was a firm believer in the separation of religion and state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 139], "content_span": [140, 639]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0015-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Oil nationalization crisis, Assassination attempt on the Shah, and the appointment of Mosaddegh as Prime Minister\nThe Shah and his prime minister had an antagonistic relationship. Part of the problem stemmed from the fact that Mosaddegh was connected by blood to the former royal Qajar dynasty, and saw the Pahlavi king as a usurper to the throne. But the real issue stemmed from the fact that Mosaddegh represented a pro-democratic force that wanted to temper the Shah's rule in Iranian politics. He wanted the Shah to be a ceremonial monarch rather than a ruling monarch, thus giving the elected government power over the un-elected Shah.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 139], "content_span": [140, 666]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0015-0001", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Oil nationalization crisis, Assassination attempt on the Shah, and the appointment of Mosaddegh as Prime Minister\nWhile the constitution of Iran gave the Shah the power to rule directly, Mosaddegh used the united National Front bloc and the widespread popular support for the oil nationalization vote (the latter which the Shah supported as well) in order to block the Shah's ability to act. As a result, the oil nationalization issue became increasingly intertwined with Mosaddegh's pro-democracy movement. The dejected Shah was angered by Mosaddegh's \"insolence\" (according to Abbas Milani, he angrily paced in the rooms of his palace at the thought that he would be reduced to a figurehead).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 139], "content_span": [140, 720]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0015-0002", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Oil nationalization crisis, Assassination attempt on the Shah, and the appointment of Mosaddegh as Prime Minister\nBut Mosaddegh and the oil nationalization's popularity prevented the Shah from acting against his prime minister (which was allowed under Iran's constitution, something that Mosaddegh felt a king had no right to do). In 1952 the Shah dismissed Mosaddegh, replacing him with Ahmad Qavam (a veteran prime minister). But widespread protests by Mosaddegh supporters resulted in the Shah immediately reinstating him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 139], "content_span": [140, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0016-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Oil nationalization crisis, Oil nationalization, the Abadan crisis, and rising tensions\nIn late 1951, Iran's Parliament in a near unanimous vote approved the oil nationalization agreement. The bill was widely popular among most Iranians, and generated a huge wave of nationalism, and immediately put Iran at loggerheads with Britain (the handful of MPs that disagreed with it voted for it as well in the face of overwhelming popular support, and the Fadaiyan's wrath). The nationalization made Mosaddegh instantly popular among millions of Iranians, cementing him as a national hero, and placing him and Iran at the centre of worldwide attention. Many Iranians felt that for the first time in centuries, they were taking control of the affairs of their country. Many also expected that nationalization would result in a massive increase of wealth for Iranians.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 113], "content_span": [114, 886]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0017-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Oil nationalization crisis, Oil nationalization, the Abadan crisis, and rising tensions\nBritain now faced the newly elected nationalist government in Iran where Mosaddegh, with strong backing of the Iranian parliament and people, demanded more favorable concessionary arrangements, which Britain vigorously opposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 113], "content_span": [114, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0018-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Oil nationalization crisis, Oil nationalization, the Abadan crisis, and rising tensions\nThe U.S. State Department not only rejected Britain's demand that it continue to be the primary beneficiary of Iranian oil reserves but \"U.S. international oil interests were among the beneficiaries of the concessionary arrangements that followed nationalization.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 113], "content_span": [114, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0019-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Oil nationalization crisis, Oil nationalization, the Abadan crisis, and rising tensions\nMohammad Mosaddegh attempted to negotiate with the AIOC, but the company rejected his proposed compromise. Mosaddegh's plan, based on the 1948 compromise between the Venezuelan Government of Romulo Gallegos and Creole Petroleum, would divide the profits from oil 50/50 between Iran and Britain. Against the recommendation of the United States, Britain refused this proposal and began planning to undermine and overthrow the Iranian government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 113], "content_span": [114, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0020-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Oil nationalization crisis, Oil nationalization, the Abadan crisis, and rising tensions\nIn July 1951, the American diplomat Averell Harriman went to Iran to negotiate an Anglo-Iranian compromise, asking the Shah's help; his reply was that \"in the face of public opinion, there was no way he could say a word against nationalisation\". Harriman held a press conference in Tehran, calling for reason and enthusiasm in confronting the \"nationalisation crisis\". As soon as he spoke, a journalist rose and shouted: \"We and the Iranian people all support Premier Mosaddegh and oil nationalisation!\" Everyone present began cheering and then marched out of the room; the abandoned Harriman shook his head in dismay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 113], "content_span": [114, 732]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0021-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Oil nationalization crisis, Oil nationalization, the Abadan crisis, and rising tensions\nOn a visit to the United States in October 1951, Mosaddegh\u2014in spite of the popularity of nationalization in Iran\u2014agreed in talks with George C. McGhee to a complex settlement of the crisis involving the sale of the Abadan Refinery to a non-British company and Iranian control of the extraction of crude oil. The US waited until Winston Churchill became prime minister to present the deal, believing he would be more flexible, but the deal was rejected by the British.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 113], "content_span": [114, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0022-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Oil nationalization crisis, Oil nationalization, the Abadan crisis, and rising tensions\nThe National Iranian Oil Company suffered decreased production, because of Iranian inexperience and the AIOC's orders that British technicians not work with them, thus provoking the Abadan Crisis that was aggravated by the Royal Navy's blockading its export markets to pressure Iran to not nationalise its petroleum. The Iranian revenues were greater, because the profits went to Iran's national treasury rather than to private, foreign oil companies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 113], "content_span": [114, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0022-0001", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Oil nationalization crisis, Oil nationalization, the Abadan crisis, and rising tensions\nBy September 1951, the British had virtually ceased Abadan oil field production, forbidden British export to Iran of key British commodities (including sugar and steel), and had frozen Iran's hard currency accounts in British banks. British Prime Minister Clement Attlee considered seizing the Abadan Oil Refinery by force, but instead settled on an embargo by the Royal Navy, stopping any ship transporting Iranian oil for carrying so-called \"stolen property\". On his re-election as prime minister, Winston Churchill took an even harder stance against Iran.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 113], "content_span": [114, 672]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0023-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Oil nationalization crisis, Oil nationalization, the Abadan crisis, and rising tensions\nThe United Kingdom took its anti-nationalisation case against Iran to the International Court of Justice at The Hague; PM Mosaddegh said the world would learn of a \"cruel and imperialistic country\" stealing from a \"needy and naked people\". The court ruled that it had no jurisdiction over the case. Nevertheless, the British continued to enforce the embargo of Iranian oil. In August 1952, Iranian Prime Minister Mosaddegh invited an American oil executive to visit Iran and the Truman administration welcomed the invitation. However, the suggestion upset Churchill, who insisted that the U.S. not undermine his campaign to isolate Mosaddegh because of British support for the U.S. in the Korean War.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 113], "content_span": [114, 814]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0024-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Oil nationalization crisis, Oil nationalization, the Abadan crisis, and rising tensions\nIn mid-1952, Britain's embargo of Iranian oil was devastatingly effective. British agents in Tehran \"worked to subvert\" the government of Mosaddegh, who sought help from President Truman and then the World Bank but to no avail. \"Iranians were becoming poorer and unhappier by the day\" and Mosaddegh's political coalition was fraying. To make matters worse, the Speaker of the Parliament Ayatollah Kashani, Mosaddegh's main clerical supporter, became increasingly opposed to the Prime Minister, because Mosaddegh was not turning Iran into an Islamic state. By 1953, he had completely turned on him, and supported the coup, depriving Mosaddegh of religious support, while giving it to the Shah.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 113], "content_span": [114, 806]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0025-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Oil nationalization crisis, Oil nationalization, the Abadan crisis, and rising tensions\nIn the Majlis election in the spring of 1952, Mosaddegh \"had little to fear from a free vote, since despite the country's problems, he was widely admired as a hero. A free vote, however, was not what others were planning. British agents had fanned out across the country, bribing candidates, and the regional bosses who controlled them. Robert Zaehner alone spent over a \u00a31,500,000, smuggled in biscuit tins, to bribe Iranians, and later his colleague Norman Darbyshire admitted that the actual coup cost the British government a further \u00a3700,000. They hoped to fill the Majlis with deputies who would vote to depose Mosaddegh. It would be a coup carried out by seemingly legal means.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 113], "content_span": [114, 799]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0026-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Oil nationalization crisis, Oil nationalization, the Abadan crisis, and rising tensions\nWhile the National Front, which often supported Mosaddegh won handily in the big cities, there was no one to monitor voting in the rural areas. Violence broke out in Abadan and other parts of the country where elections were hotly contested. Faced with having to leave Iran for The Hague where Britain was suing for control of Iranian oil, Mosaddegh's cabinet voted to postpone the remainder of the election until after the return of the Iranian delegation from The Hague.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 113], "content_span": [114, 586]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0027-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Oil nationalization crisis, Oil nationalization, the Abadan crisis, and rising tensions\nWhile Mosaddegh dealt with political challenge, he faced another that most Iranians considered far more urgent. The British blockade of Iranian seaports meant that Iran was left without access to markets where it could sell its oil. The embargo had the effect of causing Iran to spiral into bankruptcy. Tens of thousands had lost their jobs at the Abadan refinery, and although most understood and passionately supported the idea of nationalisation, they naturally hoped that Mosaddegh would find a way to put them back to work. The only way he could do that was to sell oil.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 113], "content_span": [114, 689]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0028-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Oil nationalization crisis, Oil nationalization, the Abadan crisis, and rising tensions\nTo make matters worse, the Communist Tudeh Party, which supported the Soviet Union and had attempted to kill the Shah only four years earlier, began to infiltrate the military and send mobs to \"support Mosaddegh\" (but in reality to marginalize all non-Communist opponents). Earlier, the Tudeh had denounced Mosaddegh, but by 1953 they changed tack and decided to \"support\" him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 113], "content_span": [114, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0028-0001", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Oil nationalization crisis, Oil nationalization, the Abadan crisis, and rising tensions\nThe Tudeh violently attacked opponents under the guise of helping the prime minister (the cousin of the future queen of Iran, Farah Pahlavi, was stabbed at the age of 13 in his school by Tudeh activists), and unwittingly helped cause Mosaddegh's reputation to decline, despite the fact that he never officially endorsed them. However, by 1953 he and the Tudeh had formed an unofficial alliance of convenience with each other; the Tudeh were the \"foot soldiers\" for his government, effectively replacing the Fadaiyan in that role, all the while secretly hoping that Mosaddegh would institute communism. Pro -Shah mobs also carried out attacks on Mosaddegh opponents, and there may have been some CIA coordination.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 113], "content_span": [114, 826]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0029-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Oil nationalization crisis, Oil nationalization, the Abadan crisis, and rising tensions\nWorried about Britain's other interests in Iran, and (thanks to the Tudeh party) believing that Iran's nationalism was really a Soviet-backed plot, Britain persuaded US Secretary of State John Foster Dulles that Iran was falling to the Soviets\u2014effectively exploiting the American Cold War mindset. Since President Harry S. Truman was busy fighting a war in Korea, he did not agree to overthrow the government of Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh. However, in 1953, when Dwight D. Eisenhower became president, the UK convinced the U.S. to undertake a joint coup d'\u00e9tat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 113], "content_span": [114, 682]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0030-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Oil nationalization crisis, Final months of Mosaddegh's government\nBy 1953, economic tensions caused by the British embargo and political turmoil began to take a major toll on Mosaddegh's popularity and political power. He was increasingly blamed for the economic and political crisis. Political violence was becoming widespread in the form of street clashes between rival political groups. Mosaddegh was losing popularity and support among the working class which had been his strongest supporters. As he lost support, he became more autocratic. As early as August 1952, he began to rely on emergency powers to rule, generating controversy among his supporters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 92], "content_span": [93, 688]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0030-0001", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Oil nationalization crisis, Final months of Mosaddegh's government\nAfter an assassination attempt upon one of his cabinet ministers and himself, he ordered the jailing of dozens of his political opponents. This act created widespread anger among the general public, and led to accusations that Mosaddegh was becoming a dictator. The Tudeh party's unofficial alliance with Mosaddegh led to fears of communism, and increasingly it was the communists who were taking part in pro-Mosaddegh rallies and attacking opponents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 92], "content_span": [93, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0031-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Oil nationalization crisis, Final months of Mosaddegh's government\nBy mid-1953 a mass of resignations by Mosaddegh's parliamentary supporters reduced the National Front seats in Parliament. A referendum to dissolve parliament and give the prime minister power to make law was submitted to voters, and it passed with 99.9 percent approval, 2,043,300 votes to 1300 votes against. The referendum was widely seen by opponents as treason and an act against the Shah, who was stripped of military power and control over national resources. This act would be one of many key factors in a chain of events leading to Mosaddegh's deposition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 92], "content_span": [93, 657]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0032-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Oil nationalization crisis, Final months of Mosaddegh's government\nThe Shah himself initially opposed the coup plans and supported the oil nationalization, but he joined in after being informed by the CIA that he too would be \"deposed\" if he didn't play along. The experience left him with a lifelong awe of American power and would contribute to his pro-US policies while generating a hatred of the British. Mosaddegh's decision to dissolve Parliament also contributed to his decision.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 92], "content_span": [93, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0033-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Execution of Operation Ajax\nThe official pretext for the start of the coup was Mosaddegh's decree to dissolve Parliament, giving himself and his cabinet complete power to rule, while effectively stripping the Shah of his powers. It resulted in him being accused of giving himself \"total and dictatorial powers.\" The Shah, who had been resisting the CIA's demands for the coup, finally agreed to support it. Having obtained the Shah's concurrence, the CIA executed the coup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 53], "content_span": [54, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0033-0001", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Execution of Operation Ajax\nFirmans (royal decrees) dismissing Mosaddegh and appointing General Fazlollah Zahedi (a loyalist who had helped Reza Shah reunify Iran decades earlier) were drawn up by the coup plotters and signed by the Shah. Having signed the decrees and delivered them to General Zahedi, he and Queen Soraya departed for a week-long vacation in northern Iran. On Saturday 15 August, Colonel Nematollah Nassiri, the commander of the Imperial Guard, delivered to Mosaddegh a firman from the Shah dismissing him. Mosaddegh, who had been warned of the plot, probably by the Communist Tudeh Party, rejected the firman and had Nassiri arrested.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 53], "content_span": [54, 679]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0033-0002", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Execution of Operation Ajax\nMosaddegh argued at his trial after the coup that under the Iranian constitutional monarchy, the Shah had no constitutional right to issue an order for the elected Prime Minister's dismissal without Parliament's consent. However, the constitution at the time did allow for such an action, which Mosaddegh considered unfair. The action was publicized within Iran by the CIA and in the United States by The New York Times. Mosaddegh's supporters took to the streets in violent protests. Following the failed coup attempt, the Shah, accompanied by his second wife Soraya Esfandiary-Bakhtiari and Aboul Fath Atabay fled to Baghdad.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 53], "content_span": [54, 681]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0033-0003", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Execution of Operation Ajax\nArriving unannounced, the Shah asked for permission for himself and his consort to stay in Baghdad for a few days before continuing on to Europe. After high-level Government consultations, they were escorted to the White House, the Iraqi Government's guest house, before flying to Italy in a plane flown by Mohammad Amir Khatami.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 53], "content_span": [54, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0034-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Execution of Operation Ajax\nAfter the first coup attempt failed, General Zahedi, declaring that he was the rightful prime minister of Iran, shuttled between multiple safe houses attempting to avoid arrest. Mosaddegh ordered security forces to capture the coup plotters, and dozens were imprisoned. Believing that he had succeeded, and that he was in full control of the government, Mosaddegh erred. Assuming that the coup had failed, he asked his supporters to return to their homes and to continue with their lives as normal. The Tudeh party members also returned to their homes, no longer carrying out enforcement duties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 53], "content_span": [54, 649]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0034-0001", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Execution of Operation Ajax\nThe CIA was ordered to leave Iran, although Kermit Roosevelt Jr. was slow to receive the message\u2014allegedly due to MI6 interference\u2014and eagerly continued to foment anti-Mosaddegh unrest. The Eisenhower administration considered changing its policy to support Mosaddegh, with undersecretary of state Walter Bedell Smith remarking on 17 August: \"Whatever his faults, Mosaddegh had no love for the Russians and timely aid might enable him to keep Communism in check.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 53], "content_span": [54, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0035-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Execution of Operation Ajax\nGeneral Zahedi, who was still on the run, met with the pro-Shah Ayatollah Mohammad Behbahani and other Shah supporters in secret. There (using CIA money deridingly known as \"Behbahani dollars\"), they quickly created a new plan. Already, much of the country's upper class was in shock from the Shah's flight from Iran, fears of communism, and Mosaddegh's arrests of opponents. They capitalized on this sentiment in their plans. The Ayatollah Behbahani also used his influence to rally religious demonstrators against Mosaddegh.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 53], "content_span": [54, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0036-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Execution of Operation Ajax\nOn 19 August, hired infiltrators posing as Tudeh party members began to organize a \"communist revolution\". They came and encouraged real Tudeh members to join in. Soon, the Tudeh members took to the streets attacking virtually any symbols of capitalism, and looting private businesses and destroying shops. Much of southern Tehran's business district, including the bazaars, were vandalized. With sudden mass public revulsion against this act, the next part of Zahedi's plan came into action. From the vandalized bazaars, a second group of paid infiltrators, this time posing as Shah supporters, organized angry crowds of common Iranians who were terrified about a \"communist revolution\" and sickened by the violence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 53], "content_span": [54, 771]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0037-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Execution of Operation Ajax\nThe CIA hired the two biggest gangsters of the South Tehran ghetto, \u00a0\"Icy Ramadan\" and Shaban Jafari A.K.A \"Brainless Shaban\", to mobilize protest against Mosaddegh.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 53], "content_span": [54, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0038-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Execution of Operation Ajax\nBy the middle of the day, large crowds of regular citizens, armed with improvised weapons, took to the streets in mass demonstrations, and beat back the Tudeh party members. Under Zahedi's authority, the army left its barracks and drove off the communist Tudeh and then stormed all government buildings with the support of demonstrators. Mosaddegh fled after a tank fired a single shell into his house, but he later turned himself in to the army's custody. To prevent further bloodshed, he refused a last attempt to organize his supporters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 53], "content_span": [54, 594]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0038-0001", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Execution of Operation Ajax\nBy the end of the day, Zahedi and the army were in control of the government. Despite the CIA's role in creating the conditions for the coup, there is little evidence to suggest that Kermit Roosevelt Jr. or other CIA officials were directly responsible for the actions of the demonstrators or the army on 19 August. It has even been suggested that Roosevelt's activities between 15 and 19 August were primarily intended to organize \"stay-behind networks as part of the planned CIA evacuation of the country,\" although they allowed him to later \"claim responsibility for the day's outcome.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 53], "content_span": [54, 643]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0038-0002", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Execution of Operation Ajax\nIn 2014, historian Ray Takeyh conclusively showed that the US-led coup attempt was unsuccessful, with the CIA writing to Eisenhower that \"The move failed [\u2026 ] We now [...] probably have to snuggle up to Mosaddeq if we\u2019re going to save [our influence in Iran];\u201d the demonstrations that led to Mosaddeq's resignation took place some weeks after the Roosevelt-organized ones, and were composed of average citizens, not the thugs-for-hire that the CIA and MI6 had recruited.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 53], "content_span": [54, 524]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0039-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Execution of Operation Ajax\nThe Shah stayed in a hotel in Italy until he learned what had transpired, upon which he \"chokingly declared\": \"I knew they loved me.\" Allen Dulles, the director of the CIA, flew back with the Shah from Rome to Tehran. Zahedi officially replaced Mosaddegh. Mosaddegh was arrested, tried, and originally sentenced to death. But on the Shah's personal orders, his sentence was commuted to three years' solitary confinement in a military prison, followed by house arrest until his death.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 53], "content_span": [54, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0040-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, United States' role\nAs a condition for restoring the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company, in 1954 the US required removal of the AIOC's monopoly; five American petroleum companies, Royal Dutch Shell, and the Compagnie Fran\u00e7aise des P\u00e9troles, were to draw Iran's petroleum after the successful coup d'\u00e9tat\u2014Operation Ajax. The Shah declared this to be a \"victory\" for Iranians, with the massive influx of money from this agreement resolving the economic collapse from the last three years, and allowing him to carry out his planned modernization projects.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 45], "content_span": [46, 569]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0041-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, United States' role\nAs part of that, the CIA organized anti-Communist guerrillas to fight the Tudeh Party if they seized power in the chaos of Operation Ajax. Released National Security Archive documents showed that Undersecretary of State Walter Bedell Smith reported that the CIA had agreed with Qashqai tribal leaders, in south Iran, to establish a clandestine safe haven from which U.S.-funded guerrillas and spies could operate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 45], "content_span": [46, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0042-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, United States' role\nOperation Ajax's formal leader was senior CIA officer Kermit Roosevelt Jr., while career agent Donald Wilber was the operational leader, planner, and executor of the deposition of Mosaddegh. The coup d'\u00e9tat depended on the impotent Shah's dismissing the popular and powerful Prime Minister and replacing him with General Fazlollah Zahedi, with help from Colonel Abbas Farzanegan\u2014a man agreed upon by the British and Americans after determining his anti-Soviet politics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 45], "content_span": [46, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0043-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, United States' role\nThe CIA sent Major General Norman Schwarzkopf Sr. to persuade the exiled Shah to return to rule Iran. Schwarzkopf trained the security forces that would become known as SAVAK to secure the shah's hold on power.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 45], "content_span": [46, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0044-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, United States' role\nThe coup was carried out by the US administration of Dwight D. Eisenhower in a covert action advocated by Secretary of State John Foster Dulles, and implemented under the supervision of his brother Allen Dulles, the Director of Central Intelligence. The coup was organized by the United States' CIA and the United Kingdom's MI6, two spy agencies that aided royalists and royalist elements of the Iranian army. Much of the money was channeled through the pro-Shah Ayatollah Mohammad Behbahani, who drew many religious masses to the plot. Ayatollah Kashani had completely turned on Mosaddegh and supported the Shah, by this point.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 45], "content_span": [46, 674]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0045-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, United States' role\nAccording to a heavily redacted CIA document released to the National Security Archive in response to a Freedom of Information request, \"Available documents do not indicate who authorized CIA to begin planning the operation, but it almost certainly was President Eisenhower himself. Eisenhower biographer Stephen Ambrose has written that the absence of documentation reflected the President's style.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 45], "content_span": [46, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0046-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, United States' role\nThe CIA document then quotes from the Ambrose biography of Eisenhower:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 45], "content_span": [46, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0047-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, United States' role\nBefore going into the operation, Ajax had to have the approval of the President. Eisenhower participated in none of the meetings that set up Ajax; he received only oral reports on the plan; and he did not discuss it with his Cabinet or the NSC. Establishing a pattern he would hold to throughout his Presidency, he kept his distance and left no documents behind that could implicate the President in any projected coup. But in the privacy of the Oval Office, over cocktails, he was kept informed by Foster Dulles, and he maintained a tight control over the activities of the CIA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 45], "content_span": [46, 625]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0048-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, United States' role\nCIA officer Kermit Roosevelt Jr., the grandson of former President Theodore Roosevelt, carried out the operation planned by CIA agent Donald Wilber. One version of the CIA history, written by Wilber, referred to the operation as TPAJAX.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 45], "content_span": [46, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0049-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, United States' role\nDuring the coup, Roosevelt and Wilber, representatives of the Eisenhower administration, bribed Iranian government officials, reporters, and businessmen. They also bribed street thugs to support the Shah and oppose Mosaddegh. The deposed Iranian leader, Mosaddegh, was taken to jail and Iranian General Fazlollah Zahedi named himself prime minister in the new, pro-western government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 45], "content_span": [46, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0050-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, United States' role\nAnother tactic Roosevelt admitted to using was bribing demonstrators into attacking symbols of the Shah, while chanting pro-Mosaddegh slogans. As king, the Shah was largely seen as a symbol of Iran at the time by many Iranians and monarchists. Roosevelt declared that the more that these agents showed their hate for the Shah and attacked his symbols, the more it caused the average Iranian citizen to dislike and distrust Mosaddegh.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 45], "content_span": [46, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0051-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, United States' role\nThe British and American spy agencies strengthened the monarchy in Iran by backing the pro-western Shah for the next 26 years. The Shah was overthrown in 1979. The overthrow of Iran's elected government in 1953 ensured Western control of Iran's petroleum resources and prevented the Soviet Union from competing for Iranian oil. Some Iranian clerics cooperated with the western spy agencies because they were dissatisfied with Mosaddegh's secular government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 45], "content_span": [46, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0052-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, United States' role\nWhile the broad outlines of the operation are known, \"...the C.I.A. 's records were widely thought by historians to have the potential to add depth and clarity to a famous but little-documented intelligence operation,\" reporter Tim Weiner wrote in The New York Times 29 May 1997.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 45], "content_span": [46, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0053-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, United States' role\n\"The Central Intelligence Agency, which has repeatedly pledged for more than five years to make public the files from its secret mission to overthrow the government of Iran in 1953, said today that it had destroyed or lost almost all the documents decades ago.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 45], "content_span": [46, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0054-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, United States' role\nA historian who was a member of the CIA staff in 1992 and 1993 said in an interview today that the records were obliterated by \"a culture of destruction\" at the agency. The historian, Nick Cullather, said he believed that records on other major cold war covert operations had been burned, including those on secret missions in Indonesia in the 1950s and a successful CIA-sponsored coup in Guyana in the early 1960s. \"Iran\u2014there's nothing\", Mr. Cullather said. \"Indonesia\u2014very little. Guyana\u2014that was burned.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 45], "content_span": [46, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0055-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, United States' role\nDonald Wilber, one of the CIA officers who planned the 1953 coup in Iran, wrote an account titled, Clandestine Service History Overthrow of Premier Mossadeq of Iran: November 1952 \u2013 August 1953. Wilber said one goal of the coup was to strengthen the Shah.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 45], "content_span": [46, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0056-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, United States' role\nIn 2000, James Risen at The New York Times obtained the previously secret CIA version of the coup written by Wilber and summarized its contents, which includes the following.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 45], "content_span": [46, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0057-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, United States' role\nIn early August, the CIA increased the pressure. Iranian operatives pretending to be Communists threatened Muslim leaders with \"savage punishment if they opposed Mossadegh,\" seeking to stir anti-Communist sentiment in the religious community.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 45], "content_span": [46, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0058-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, United States' role\nIn addition, the secret history says, the house of at least one prominent Muslim was bombed by CIA agents posing as Communists. It does not say whether anyone was hurt in this attack.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 45], "content_span": [46, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0059-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, United States' role\nThe agency was intensifying its propaganda campaign. A leading newspaper owner was granted a personal loan of about $45,000, \"in the belief that this would make his organ amenable to our purposes.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 45], "content_span": [46, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0060-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, United States' role\nThe Shah remained intransigent. In a 1 August meeting with General Norman Schwarzkopf, he refused to sign the C.I.A.-written decrees firing Mr. Mossadegh and appointing General Zahedi. He said he doubted that the army would support him in a showdown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 45], "content_span": [46, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0061-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, United States' role\nThe National Security Archive at George Washington University contains the full account by Wilber, along with many other coup-related documents and analysis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 45], "content_span": [46, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0062-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, United States' role\nIn a January 1973 telephone conversation made public in 2009, US President Richard Nixon told CIA Director Richard Helms, who was awaiting Senate confirmation to become the new U.S. Ambassador to Iran, that Nixon wanted Helms to be a \"regional ambassador\" to Persian Gulf oil states, and noted that Helms had been a schoolmate of Shah Reza Pahlavi.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 45], "content_span": [46, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0063-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, United States' role, Release of U.S. government records and official acknowledgement\nIn August 2013, on the 60th anniversary of the coup, the US government released documents showing they were involved in staging the coup. The documents also describe the motivations behind the coup and the strategies used to stage it. The UK had sought to censor information regarding its role in the coup; a significant number of documents about the coup remained classified. The release of the declassified documents, which marked the first US official acknowledgement of its role, was seen as a goodwill gesture on the part of the Obama administration. According to Aljazeera, the deputy director of the National Security Archive, Malcolm Bryne, disclosed that the CIA documented the secret histories purposely for official use.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 110], "content_span": [111, 842]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0064-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, United States' role, Release of U.S. government records and official acknowledgement\nIn June 2017, the United States State Department's Office of the Historian released its revised historical account of the event. The volume of historical records \"focuses on the evolution of U.S. thinking on Iran as well as the U.S. Government covert operation that resulted in Mosadeq's overthrow on 19 August 1953\". Though some of the relevant records were destroyed long ago, the release contains a collection of roughly 1,000 pages, only a small number of which remain classified. One revelation is that the CIA \"attempted to call off the failing coup but was salvaged by an insubordinate spy.\" The reports released by the U.S had reached 1,007 pages, consisting of diplomatic cables and letters according to VOA News.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 110], "content_span": [111, 833]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0065-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, United States' role, Release of U.S. government records and official acknowledgement\nIn March 2018, the National Security Archive released a declassified British memo alleging that the United States Embassy sent \"large sums of money\" to \"influential people\"\u2014namely senior Iranian clerics\u2014in the days leading up to Mosaddeq's overthrow. According to the Guardian, despite the U.S showing regrets about the coup, it has failed to officially issue an apology over its involvement.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 110], "content_span": [111, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0066-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, United States' role, United States financial support\nThe CIA paid a large sum to carry out the operation. Depending on the expenses to be counted, the final cost is estimated to vary from $100,000 to $20 million. CIA gave Zahedi's government $5 million after the coup with Zahedi himself receiving an extra million.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 78], "content_span": [79, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0067-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, United States' role, United States motives\nHistorians disagree on what motivated the United States to change its policy towards Iran and stage the coup. Middle East historian Ervand Abrahamian identified the coup d'\u00e9tat as \"a classic case of nationalism clashing with imperialism in the Third World\". He states that Secretary of State Dean Acheson admitted the \"'Communist threat' was a smokescreen\" in responding to President Eisenhower's claim that the Tudeh party was about to assume power.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 68], "content_span": [69, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0068-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, United States' role, United States motives\nThroughout the crisis, the \"communist danger\" was more of a rhetorical device than a real issue\u2014i.e. it was part of the cold-war discourse ... The Tudeh was no match for the armed tribes and the 129,000-man military. What is more, the British and Americans had enough inside information to be confident that the party had no plans to initiate armed insurrection. At the beginning of the crisis, when the Truman administration was under the impression a compromise was possible, Acheson had stressed the communist danger, and warned if Mosaddegh was not helped, the Tudeh would take over.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 68], "content_span": [69, 656]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0068-0001", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, United States' role, United States motives\nThe (British) Foreign Office had retorted that the Tudeh was no real threat. But, in August 1953, when the Foreign Office echoed the Eisenhower administration's claim that the Tudeh was about to take over, Acheson now retorted that there was no such communist danger. Acheson was honest enough to admit that the issue of the Tudeh was a smokescreen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 68], "content_span": [69, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0069-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, United States' role, United States motives\nAbrahamian states that Iran's oil was the central focus of the coup, for both the British and the Americans, though \"much of the discourse at the time linked it to the Cold War\". Abrahamian wrote, \"If Mosaddegh had succeeded in nationalizing the British oil industry in Iran, that would have set an example and was seen at that time by the Americans as a threat to U.S. oil interests throughout the world, because other countries would do the same.\" Mosaddegh did not want any compromise solution that allowed a degree of foreign control. Abrahamian said that Mosaddegh \"wanted real nationalization, both in theory and practice\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 68], "content_span": [69, 698]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0070-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, United States' role, United States motives\nTirman points out that agricultural land owners were politically dominant in Iran well into the 1960s, and the monarch Reza Shah's aggressive land expropriation policies\u2014to the benefit of himself and his supporters\u2014resulted in the Iranian government being Iran's largest land owner. \"The landlords and oil producers had new backing, moreover, as American interests were for the first time exerted in Iran. The Cold War was starting, and Soviet challenges were seen in every leftist movement. But the reformers were at root nationalists, not communists, and the issue that galvanized them above all others was the control of oil.\" The belief that oil was the central motivator behind the coup has been echoed in the popular media by authors such as Robert Byrd, Alan Greenspan, and Ted Koppel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 68], "content_span": [69, 861]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0071-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, United States' role, United States motives\nMiddle East political scientist Mark Gasiorowski states that while, on the face of it, there is considerable merit to the argument that U.S. policymakers helped U.S. oil companies gain a share in Iranian oil production after the coup, \"it seems more plausible to argue that U.S. policymakers were motivated mainly by fears of a communist takeover in Iran, and that the involvement of U.S. companies was sought mainly to prevent this from occurring. The Cold War was at its height in the early 1950s, and the Soviet Union was viewed as an expansionist power seeking world domination. Eisenhower had made the Soviet threat a key issue in the 1952 elections, accusing the Democrats of being soft on communism and of having 'lost China.' Once in power, the new administration quickly sought to put its views into practice.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 68], "content_span": [69, 888]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0072-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, United States' role, United States motives\nA 2019 study by Gasiorowski concluded \"that U.S. policymakers did not have compelling evidence that the threat of a Communist takeover was increasing substantially in the months before the coup. Rather, the Eisenhower administration interpreted the available evidence in a more alarming manner than the Truman administration had.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 68], "content_span": [69, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0073-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, United States' role, United States motives\nGasiorowski further states \"the major U.S. oil companies were not interested in Iran at this time. A glut existed in the world oil market. The U.S. majors had increased their production in Saudi Arabia and Kuwait in 1951 in order to make up for the loss of Iranian production; operating in Iran would force them to cut back production in these countries which would create tensions with Saudi and Kuwaiti leaders. Furthermore, if nationalist sentiments remained high in Iran, production there would be risky. U.S. oil companies had shown no interest in Iran in 1951 and 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 68], "content_span": [69, 644]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0073-0001", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, United States' role, United States motives\nBy late 1952, the Truman administration had come to believe that participation by U.S. companies in the production of Iranian oil was essential to maintain stability in Iran and keep Iran out of Soviet hands. In order to gain the participation of the major U.S. oil companies, Truman offered to scale back a large anti-trust case then being brought against them. The Eisenhower administration shared Truman's views on the participation of U.S. companies in Iran and also agreed to scale back the anti-trust case. Thus, not only did U.S. majors not want to participate in Iran at this time, it took a major effort by U.S. policymakers to persuade them to become involved.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 68], "content_span": [69, 740]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0074-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, United States' role, United States motives\nIn 2004, Gasiorowski edited a book on the coup arguing that \"the climate of intense cold war rivalry between the superpowers, together with Iran's strategic vital location between the Soviet Union and the Persian Gulf oil fields, led U.S. officials to believe that they had to take whatever steps were necessary to prevent Iran from falling into Soviet hands.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 68], "content_span": [69, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0074-0001", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, United States' role, United States motives\nWhile \"these concerns seem vastly overblown today\" the pattern of \"the 1945\u201346 Azerbaijan crisis, the consolidation of Soviet control in Eastern Europe, the communist triumph in China, and the Korean War\u2014and with the Red Scare at its height in the United States\" would not allow U.S. officials to risk allowing the Tudeh Party to gain power in Iran. Furthermore, \"U.S. officials believed that resolving the oil dispute was essential for restoring stability in Iran, and after March 1953 it appeared that the dispute could be resolved only at the expense either of Britain or of Mosaddeq.\" He concludes \"it was geostrategic considerations, rather than a desire to destroy Mosaddeq's movement, to establish a dictatorship in Iran or to gain control over Iran's oil, that persuaded U.S. officials to undertake the coup.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 68], "content_span": [69, 886]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0075-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, United States' role, United States motives\nFaced with choosing between British interests and Iran, the U.S. chose Britain, Gasiorowski said. \"Britain was the closest ally of the United States, and the two countries were working as partners on a wide range of vitally important matters throughout the world at this time. Preserving this close relationship was more important to U.S. officials than saving Mosaddeq's tottering regime.\" A year earlier, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill used Britain's support for the U.S. in the Cold War to insist the United States not undermine his campaign to isolate Mosaddegh. \"Britain was supporting the Americans in Korea, he reminded Truman, and had a right to expect 'Anglo-American unity' on Iran.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 68], "content_span": [69, 772]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0076-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, United States' role, United States motives\nThe two main winners of World War II, who had been Allies during the war, became superpowers and competitors as soon as the war ended, each with their own spheres of influence and client states. After the 1953 coup, Iran became one of the client states of the United States. In his earlier book, U.S. Foreign Policy and the Shah: Building a Client State in Iran, Gasiorowski identifies the client states of the United States and of the Soviet Union during 1954\u20131977.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 68], "content_span": [69, 535]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0076-0001", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, United States' role, United States motives\nGasiorowski identified Cambodia, Guatemala, Indonesia, Iran, Laos, Nicaragua, Panama, the Philippines, South Korea, South Vietnam, and Taiwan as strong client states of the United States and identified those that were moderately important to the U.S. as Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Greece, Haiti, Honduras, Israel, Jordan, Liberia, Pakistan, Paraguay, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, and Zaire. He named Argentina, Chile, Ethiopia, Japan, and Peru as \"weak\" client states of the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 68], "content_span": [69, 610]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0077-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, United States' role, United States motives\nGasiorowski identified Bulgaria, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Mongolia, Poland, North Vietnam, and Romania as \"strong client states\" of the Soviet Union, and Afghanistan, Egypt, Guinea, North Korea, Somalia, and Syria as moderately important client states. Mali and South Yemen were classified as weak client states of the Soviet Union.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 68], "content_span": [69, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0078-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, United States' role, United States motives\nAccording to Kinzer, for most Americans, the crisis in Iran became just part of the conflict between Communism and \"the Free world\". \"A great sense of fear, particularly the fear of encirclement, shaped American consciousness during this period. ... Soviet power had already subdued Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia. Communist governments were imposed on Bulgaria and Romania in 1946, Hungary and Poland in 1947, and Czechoslovakia in 1948. Albania and Yugoslavia also turned to communism. Greek communists made a violent bid for power. Soviet soldiers blocked land routes to Berlin for sixteen months.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 68], "content_span": [69, 669]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0078-0001", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, United States' role, United States motives\nIn 1949, the Soviet Union successfully tested a nuclear weapon. That same year, pro-Western forces in China lost their Civil War to communists led by Mao Zedong. From Washington, it seemed that enemies were on the march everywhere.\" Consequently, \"the United States, challenged by what most Americans saw as a relentless communist advance, slowly ceased to view Iran as a country with a unique history that faced a unique political challenge.\" Some historians, including Douglas Little, Abbas Milani and George Lenczowski have echoed the view that fears of a communist takeover or Soviet influence motivated the U.S. to intervene.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 68], "content_span": [69, 699]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0079-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, United States' role, United States motives\nOn 11 May 1951, prior to the overthrow of Mosaddegh, Adolf A. Berle warned the U.S. State Department that U.S. \"control of the Middle East was at stake, which, with its Persian Gulf oil, meant 'substantial control of the world.'\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 68], "content_span": [69, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0080-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, United States' role, News coverage in the United States and Great Britain\nWhen Mosaddegh called for the dissolution of the Majlis in August 1953, the editors of the New York Times gave the opinion that: \"A plebiscite more fantastic and farcical than any ever held under Hitler or Stalin is now being staged in Iran by Premier Mosaddegh in an effort to make himself unchallenged dictator of the country.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 99], "content_span": [100, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0081-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, United States' role, News coverage in the United States and Great Britain\nA year after the coup, the New York Times wrote on 6 August 1954, that a new oil \"agreement between Iran and a consortium of foreign oil companies\" was \"good news indeed\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 99], "content_span": [100, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0082-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, United States' role, News coverage in the United States and Great Britain\nCostly as the dispute over Iranian oil has been to all concerned, the affair may yet be proved worthwhile if lessons are learned from it: Underdeveloped countries with rich resources now have an object lesson in the heavy cost that must be paid by one of their number which goes berserk with fanatical nationalism. It is perhaps too much to hope that Iran's experience will prevent the rise of Mossadeghs in other countries, but that experience may at least strengthen the hands of more reasonable and more far-seeing leaders. In some circles in Great Britain the charge will be pushed that American \"imperialism\"\u2014in the shape of the American oil firms in the consortium!\u2014has once again elbowed Britain from a historic stronghold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 99], "content_span": [100, 830]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0083-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, United States' role, News coverage in the United States and Great Britain\nThe documentary Cinematograph aired on 18 August 2011 on the anniversary of the coup. In it, BBC admitted for the first time to the role of BBC Persian radio as the propaganda arm of the British government in Iran. The Cinematograph narrator said:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 99], "content_span": [100, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0084-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, United States' role, News coverage in the United States and Great Britain\nThe British government used the BBC Persian radio for advancing its propaganda against Mosaddegh and anti-Mosaddegh material were repeatedly aired on the radio channel to the extent that Iranian staff at the BBC Persian radio went on strike to protest the move.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 99], "content_span": [100, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0085-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, United States' role, News coverage in the United States and Great Britain\nThe documentary quoted a 21 July 1951 classified document in which a Foreign Office official thanked the British ambassador for his proposals that were precisely followed by the BBC Persian radio to strengthen its propaganda against Mosaddegh:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 99], "content_span": [100, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0086-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, United States' role, News coverage in the United States and Great Britain\nThe BBC had already made most of the points which you listed, but they were very glad to have an indication from you of what was likely to be most effective and will arrange their programme accordingly... We should also avoid direct attacks on the 'ruling classes' since it seems probable that we may want to deal with a government drawn from those classes should Mosaddegh fall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 99], "content_span": [100, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0087-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, United States' role, News coverage in the United States and Great Britain\nThe document further stressed that the Foreign Office \"shall be grateful for [the ambassador's] comments on the propaganda line we have proposed\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 99], "content_span": [100, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0088-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, United States' role, News coverage in the United States and Great Britain\nAn early account of the CIA's role in the coup appeared in The Saturday Evening Post in late 1954, purporting to explain how \"the strategic little nation of Iran was rescued from the closing clutch of Moscow.\" The report was approved by the CIA, and its authors may have been assisted by Kermit Roosevelt Jr., who had written for the Post before.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 99], "content_span": [100, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0089-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Britain's role\nDespite the British government's pressure, the National Security Archive released two declassified documents in August 2017 which confirm the British solicitation of the United States' assistance in ousting Mosaddegh.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 40], "content_span": [41, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0089-0001", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Britain's role\nAccording to these records, the British first approached the American government about a plan for the coup in November 1952 \"repeatedly\" asking U.S. to join the coup, claiming that the Mosaddegh government would be ineffective in preventing a communist takeover, and that Mosaddegh was a threat to America's global fight against communism, which they believed necessitated action; the records also state that UK and U.S. spy agencies had by then had \"very tentative and preliminary discussions regarding the practicability of such a move\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 40], "content_span": [41, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0089-0002", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Britain's role\nAt the time, the American government was already preparing to aid Mosaddegh in his oil dealings with the British, and believed him to be anti-communist\u2014considerations which made the U.S. government skeptical of the plot. Since President Truman's term was drawing to a close in January 1953, and there was too much uncertainty and danger associated with the plot, the U.S. government decided not to take action against Mosaddegh at the time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 40], "content_span": [41, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0090-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Britain's role\nAccording to the 1952 documents, it was Christopher Steel, the No 2 official in the British embassy in Washington, who \"pitched\" the idea of the coup to US officials amid the US-Britain talks which had begun in October. The document also says that the British officials rejected Paul Nitze's suggestion that, instead of executing a coup, they mount a \"campaign\" against Ayatollah Abolqasem Kashani, \"a leading opponent of British involvement in Iran's oil industry\", and the communist Tudeh Party. They \"pressed US for a decision\" since they knew \"the Truman administration was in its final weeks\". According to Wilber, the British Secret Intelligence Service worked with CIA to form a propaganda campaign via \"the press, handbills and the Tehran clergy\" to \"weaken the Mossadeq government in any way possible\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 40], "content_span": [41, 852]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0091-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Britain's role\nOil nationalization law led to a \"direct conflict\" between Mosaddegh and the British government. So, Britain tried to regain its control over the oil industry in Iran by following a \"three-track strategy\" aimed at either \"pressuring him into a favorable settlement or by removing him from the office.\" The three component of Britain strategy was: I) \"legal maneuvers\" including refusing direct negotiation with Mosaddegh, II) Imposing economic sanctions on Iran accompanied by performing war games in the region and III) Removal of Mosaddegh through \"covert political action\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 40], "content_span": [41, 617]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0092-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, The role of the clergy\nMosaddegh appointed a series of secular ministers to his cabinet during his premiership, losing his support with the clergy. In 1953, Ayatollah Abol-Qasem Kashani and his followers organised a series of protests against Mosaddegh's liberal reforms - such as the extension of the vote to women. By July 1953 when Mosaddegh asked for a critical extension of his emergency powers, \"... Clerical members of the Majles who supported Kashani left the National Front Coalition and set up their own Islamic Faction...\". (Muslim Warriors). This faction then  boycotted the 1953 referendum about the dissolution of parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 48], "content_span": [49, 665]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0093-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, The role of the clergy\nAt 8am on August the 18th, Ayatollah Behbahan mobilised 3000 stick and club wielding anti-shah protestors formed a mob in Tehran. This was done in the hope that the removal of Mosaddegh would create a more religious government. Separate mobilisation was instigated by Ayatollah Kashani in the country at this time. There has been documentation that both Ayatollah Behbahani and Khomeini received funds from the CIA by some sources. The former's mob would lead Mosaddegh to abandon his residence, and ultimately his capture. Iranian Historian Michael Axworthy stated that \"... [ The clergy's] move to oppose Mossadeq was the decisive factor in his downfall...\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 48], "content_span": [49, 709]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0094-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Aftermath\nThe coup has been said to have \"left a profound and long-lasting legacy.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 35], "content_span": [36, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0095-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Aftermath, Blowback\nAccording to the history based on documents released to the National Security Archive and reflected in the book Mohammad Mosaddeq and the 1953 Coup in Iran, the coup caused long-lasting damage to the U.S. reputation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 45], "content_span": [46, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0096-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Aftermath, Blowback\nThe '28 Mordad' coup, as it is known by its Persian date [in the Solar Hijri calendar], was a watershed for Iran, for the Middle East and for the standing of the United States in the region. The joint US-British operation ended Iran's drive to assert sovereign control over its own resources and helped put an end to a vibrant chapter in the history of the country's nationalist and democratic movements. These consequences resonated with dramatic effect in later years. When the Shah finally fell in 1979, memories of the US intervention in 1953, which made possible the monarch's subsequent, and increasingly unpopular, 25-year reign intensified the anti-American character of the revolution in the minds of many Iranians.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 45], "content_span": [46, 770]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0097-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Aftermath, Blowback\nThe authoritarian monarch appreciated the coup, Kermit Roosevelt wrote in his account of the affair. \"'I owe my throne to God, my people, my army and to you!' By 'you' he [the shah] meant me and the two countries\u2014Great Britain and the United States\u2014I was representing. We were all heroes.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 45], "content_span": [46, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0098-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Aftermath, Blowback\nOn 16 June 2000, The New York Times published the secret CIA report, \"Clandestine Service History, Overthrow of Premier Mossadeq of Iran, November 1952 \u2013 August 1953,\" partly explaining the coup from CIA agent Wilber's perspective. In a related story, The New York Times reporter James Risen penned a story revealing that Wilber's report, hidden for nearly five decades, had recently come to light.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 45], "content_span": [46, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0099-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Aftermath, Blowback\nIn the summer of 2001, Ervand Abrahamian writes in the journal Science & Society that Wilber's version of the coup was missing key information some of which was available elsewhere.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 45], "content_span": [46, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0100-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Aftermath, Blowback\nThe New York Times recently leaked a CIA report on the 1953 American-British overthrow of Mosaddeq, Iran's Prime Minister. It billed the report as a secret history of the secret coup, and treated it as an invaluable substitute for the U.S. files that remain inaccessible. But a reconstruction of the coup from other sources, especially from the archives of the British Foreign Office, indicates that this report is highly sanitized.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 45], "content_span": [46, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0100-0001", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Aftermath, Blowback\nIt glosses over such sensitive issues as the crucial participation of the U.S. ambassador in the actual overthrow; the role of U.S. military advisers; the harnessing of local Nazis and Muslim terrorists; and the use of assassinations to destabilize the government. What is more, it places the coup in the context of the Cold War rather than that of the Anglo-Iranian oil crisis\u2014a classic case of nationalism clashing with imperialism in the Third World.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 45], "content_span": [46, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0101-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Aftermath, Blowback\nIn a review of Tim Weiner's Legacy of Ashes, historian Michael Beschloss wrote, \"Mr. Weiner argues that a bad C.I.A. track record has encouraged many of our gravest contemporary problems... A generation of Iranians grew up knowing that the C.I.A. had installed the shah,\" Mr. Weiner notes. \"In time, the chaos that the agency had created in the streets of Tehran would return to haunt the United States.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 45], "content_span": [46, 450]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0102-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Aftermath, Blowback\nThe administration of Dwight D. Eisenhower considered the coup a success, but, given its blowback, that opinion is no longer generally held, because of its \"haunting and terrible legacy\". In 2000, Madeleine Albright, U.S. Secretary of State, said that intervention by the U.S. in the internal affairs of Iran was a setback for democratic government. The coup is widely believed to have significantly contributed to the 1979 Iranian Revolution, which deposed the \"pro-Western\" Shah and replaced the monarchy with an \"anti-Western\" Islamic republic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 45], "content_span": [46, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0103-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Aftermath, Blowback\n\"For many Iranians, the coup demonstrated duplicity by the United States, which presented itself as a defender of freedom but did not hesitate to use underhanded methods to overthrow a democratically elected government to suit its own economic and strategic interests\", the Agence France-Presse reported.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 45], "content_span": [46, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0104-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Aftermath, Blowback\nUnited States Supreme Court Justice William O. Douglas, who visited Iran both before and after the coup, wrote that \"When Mosaddegh and Persia started basic reforms, we became alarmed. We united with the British to destroy him; we succeeded; and ever since, our name has not been an honored one in the Middle East.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 45], "content_span": [46, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0105-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Aftermath, Iran, Perceptions of the Shah\nWhen the Shah returned to Iran after the coup, he was greeted by a cheering crowd. He wrote in his memoirs that while he had been a king for over a decade, for the first time he felt that the people had \"elected\" and \"approved\" of him, and that he had a \"legitimate\" popular mandate to carry out his reforms (although some in the crowd may have been bribed). The Shah was never able to remove the reputation of being a \"foreign imposed\" ruler among non-royalist Iranians. The Shah throughout his rule continued to assume that he was supported by virtually everybody in Iran, and sank into deep dejection when in 1978 massive mobs demanded his ouster. The incident left him in awe of American power, while it also gave him a deep hatred of the British.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 66], "content_span": [67, 818]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0106-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Aftermath, Iran, Bloody suppression of the opposition\nAn immediate consequence of the coup d'\u00e9tat was the Shah's suppression of all republicanist political dissent, especially the liberal and nationalist opposition umbrella group National Front as well as the (Communist) Tudeh party, and concentration of political power in the Shah and his courtiers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 79], "content_span": [80, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0107-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Aftermath, Iran, Bloody suppression of the opposition\nThe minister of Foreign Affairs and the closest associate of Mosaddegh, Hossein Fatemi, was executed by order of the Shah's military court by firing squad on 10 November 1954. According to Kinzer, \"The triumphant Shah [Pahlavi] ordered the execution of several dozen military officers and student leaders who had been closely associated with Mohammad Mosaddegh\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 79], "content_span": [80, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0108-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Aftermath, Iran, Bloody suppression of the opposition\nAs part of the post-coup d'\u00e9tat political repression between 1953 and 1958, the Shah outlawed the National Front, and arrested most of its leaders. The Shah personally spared Mosaddegh the death penalty, and he was given 3 years in prison, followed by house arrest for life.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 79], "content_span": [80, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0109-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Aftermath, Iran, Bloody suppression of the opposition\nMany supporters of Iran continued to fight against the new regime, yet they were suppressed with some even being killed. The political party that Mosaddegh founded, the National Front of Iran, was later reorganized by Karim Sanjabi, and is currently being led by the National Poet of Iran Adib Boroumand, who was a strong Mosaddegh supporter and helped spread pro-Mosaddegh propaganda during the Abadan Crisis and its aftermath.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 79], "content_span": [80, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0110-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Aftermath, Iran, Bloody suppression of the opposition\nThe Communist Tudeh bore the main brunt of the crackdown. The Shah's security forces arrested 4,121 Tudeh political activists including 386 civil servants, 201 college students, 165 teachers, 125 skilled workers, 80 textile workers, and 60 cobblers. Forty were executed (primarily for murder, such as Khosrow Roozbeh), another 14 died under torture and over 200 were sentenced to life imprisonment. The Shah's post-coup dragnet also captured 477 Tudeh members (\"22 colonels, 69 majors, 100 captains, 193 lieutenants, 19 noncommissioned officers, and 63 military cadets\") who were in the Iranian armed forces.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 79], "content_span": [80, 688]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0110-0001", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Aftermath, Iran, Bloody suppression of the opposition\nAfter their presence was revealed, some National Front supporters complained that this Communist Tudeh military network could have saved Mosaddegh. However, few Tudeh officers commanded powerful field units, especially tank divisions that might have countered the coup. Most of the captured Tudeh officers came from the military academies, police and medical corps. At least eleven of the captured army officers were tortured to death between 1953 and 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 79], "content_span": [80, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0111-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Aftermath, Iran, Creation of a secret police\nAfter the 1953 coup, the Shah's government formed the SAVAK (secret police), many of whose agents were trained in the United States. The SAVAK monitored dissidents and carried out censorship. After the 1971 Siahkal Incident, it was given a \"loose leash\" to torture suspected dissidents with \"brute force\" that, over the years, \"increased dramatically\", and nearly 100 people were executed for political reasons during the last 20 years of the Shah's rule.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 70], "content_span": [71, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0111-0001", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Aftermath, Iran, Creation of a secret police\nAfter the revolution, SAVAK was officially abolished, but was in reality \"drastically expanded\" into a new organization that killed over 8,000\u201312,000 prisoners between 1981 and 1985 alone, and 20,000\u201330,000 in total, with one prisoner who served time under both the Shah and the Islamic Republic declaring that \"four months under (Islamic Republic's) warden Asadollah Lajevardi took the toll of four years under SAVAK\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 70], "content_span": [71, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0112-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Aftermath, Iran, Oil policy\nAnother effect was sharp improvement of Iran's economy; the British-led oil embargo against Iran ended, and oil revenue increased significantly beyond the pre-nationalisation level. Despite Iran not controlling its national oil, the Shah agreed to replacing the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company with a consortium\u2014British Petroleum and eight European and American oil companies; in result, oil revenues increased from $34\u00a0million in 1954\u20131955 to $181\u00a0million in 1956\u20131957, and continued increasing, and the United States sent development aid and advisers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 53], "content_span": [54, 601]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0112-0001", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Aftermath, Iran, Oil policy\nThe Shah's government attempted to solve the issue of oil nationalization through this method, and Iran began to develop rapidly under his rule. The Shah later in his memoirs declared that Mosaddegh was a \"dictator\" who was \"damaging\" Iran through his \"stubbornness\", while he (the Shah) \"followed\" the smarter option. By the 1970s, Iran was wealthier than all of its surrounding neighbors, and economists frequently predicted that it would become a major global economic power, and a developed country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 53], "content_span": [54, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0113-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Aftermath, Iran, Oil policy\nWhen the Shah attempted during the 1970s to once again control the oil prices (through OPEC), and cancel the same oil consortium agreement that caused the 1953 coup, it resulted in a massive decline in US support for the Shah, and ironically, hastened his downfall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 53], "content_span": [54, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0114-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Aftermath, Iran, Oil policy\nCIA staff historian David Robarge stated: \"The CIA carried out [a] successful regime change operation. It also transformed a turbulent constitutional monarchy into an absolutist kingship and induced a succession of unintended consequences.\" The 1979 Iranian Revolution was a most impactful unintended consequence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 53], "content_span": [54, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0115-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Aftermath, Internationally\nKinzer wrote that the 1953 coup d'\u00e9tat was the first time the United States used the CIA to overthrow a democratically elected, civil government. The Eisenhower administration viewed Operation Ajax as a success, with \"immediate and far-reaching effect.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0115-0001", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Aftermath, Internationally\nOvernight, the CIA became a central part of the American foreign policy apparatus, and covert action came to be regarded as a cheap and effective way to shape the course of world events\"\u2014a coup engineered by the CIA called Operation PBSuccess toppling the duly elected Guatemalan government of Jacobo Arbenz Guzm\u00e1n, which had nationalised farm land owned by the United Fruit Company, followed the next year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0116-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Aftermath, Internationally\nA pro-American government in Iran extended the United States' geographic and strategic advantage in the Middle East, as Turkey, also bordering the USSR, was part of NATO.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0117-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Aftermath, Internationally\nIn 2000, U.S. Secretary of State Madeleine K. Albright, acknowledged the coup's pivotal role in the troubled relationship and \"came closer to apologizing than any American official ever has before\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0118-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Aftermath, Internationally\nThe Eisenhower administration believed its actions were justified for strategic reasons. ... But the coup was clearly a setback for Iran's political development. And it is easy to see now why many Iranians continue to resent this intervention by America in their internal affairs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0119-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Aftermath, Internationally\nIn June 2009, the U.S. President Barack Obama in a speech in Cairo, Egypt, talked about the United States' relationship with Iran, mentioning the role of the U.S. in 1953 Iranian coup saying:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0120-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Aftermath, Internationally\nThis issue has been a source of tension between the United States and the Islamic Republic of Iran. For many years, Iran has defined itself in part by its opposition to my country, and there is indeed a tumultuous history between us. In the middle of the Cold War, the United States played a role in the overthrow of a democratically elected Iranian government. Since the Islamic Revolution, Iran has played a role in acts of hostage-taking and violence against U.S. troops and civilians. This history is well known. Rather than remain trapped in the past, I have made it clear to Iran's leaders and people that my country is prepared to move forward.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 704]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0121-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Legacy\nIn the Islamic Republic, remembrance of the coup is quite different from that of history books published in the West, and follows the precepts of Ayatollah Khomeini that Islamic jurists must guide the country to prevent \"the influence of foreign powers\". Kashani came out against Mosaddegh by mid-1953 and \"told a foreign correspondent that Mosaddegh had fallen because he had forgotten that the shah enjoyed extensive popular support.\" A month later, Kashani \"went even further and declared that Mosaddegh deserved to be executed because he had committed the ultimate offense: rebelling against the shah, 'betraying' the country, and repeatedly violating the sacred law.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 32], "content_span": [33, 705]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0122-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Legacy\nMen associated with Mosaddegh and his ideals dominated Iran's first post-revolutionary government. The first prime minister after the Iranian revolution was Mehdi Bazargan, a close associate of Mosaddegh. But with the subsequent rift between the conservative Islamic establishment and the secular liberal forces, Mosaddegh's work and legacy has been largely ignored by the Islamic Republic establishment. However, Mosaddegh remains a popular historical figure among Iranian opposition factions. Mosaddegh's image is one of the symbols of Iran's opposition movement, also known as the Green Movement. Kinzer writes that Mosaddegh \"for most Iranians\" is \"the most vivid symbol of Iran's long struggle for democracy\" and that modern protesters carrying a picture of Mosaddegh is the equivalent of saying \"We want democracy\" and \"No foreign intervention\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 32], "content_span": [33, 884]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0123-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Legacy\nIn the Islamic Republic of Iran, Kinzer's book All the Shah's Men: An American Coup and the Roots of Middle East Terror has been censored of descriptions of Ayatollah Abol-Ghasem Kashani's activities during the Anglo-American coup d'\u00e9tat. Mahmood Kashani, the son of Abol-Ghasem Kashani, \"one of the top members of the current, ruling \u00e9lite\" whom the Iranian Council of Guardians has twice approved to run for the presidency, denies there was a coup d'\u00e9tat in 1953, saying Mosaddegh was obeying British plans to undermine the role of Shia clerics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 32], "content_span": [33, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0124-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Legacy\nThis allegation also is posited in the book Khaterat-e Arteshbod-e Baznesheshteh Hossein Fardoust (The Memoirs of Retired General Hossein Fardoust), published in the Islamic Republic and allegedly written by Hossein Fardoust, a former SAVAK officer. It says that rather than being a mortal enemy of the British, Mohammad Mosaddegh always favored them, and his nationalisation campaign of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company was inspired by \"the British themselves\". Scholar Ervand Abrahamian suggests that the fact that Fardoust's death was announced before publication of the book may be significant, as the Islamic Republic authorities may have forced him into writing such statements under duress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 32], "content_span": [33, 727]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0125-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Viewpoints\nRuhollah Khomeini said the government did not pay enough attention to religious figures which caused the coup d'\u00e9tat to take place and described the separation between religion and politics as a fault in contemporary history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 36], "content_span": [37, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0126-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Viewpoints\nAli Khamenei believed that Mosaddegh trusted the United States and asked them to help confront Britain. As a result, the 1953 coup d'\u00e9tat was executed by the U.S. against Mosaddegh.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 36], "content_span": [37, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0127-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Viewpoints\nPresident Barack Obama of the United States, said in regard to the role of the U.S. in the 1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat that the U.S. played a major role in the overthrow of a democratically elected prime minister.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 36], "content_span": [37, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0128-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, Viewpoints\nIn a tweet sent on 19 August 2018, Iranian Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif stated that the U.S. overthrew the popularly elected democratic government of Dr. Mosaddegh with the 1953 coup, restoring the dictatorship and subjugating Iranians for the next 25 years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 36], "content_span": [37, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0129-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, In popular culture\nDirected by Hasan Fathi and written jointly with playwright and university professor Naghmeh Samini, the TV series Shahrzad is the story of a love broken apart by events in the aftermath of the 1953 coup that overthrew the democratically elected prime minister, Mohammad Mosaddegh.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 44], "content_span": [45, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070722-0130-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat, In popular culture\nCognito Comics/Verso Books has published a nonfiction graphic novel of the history, Operation AJAX: The Story of the CIA Coup That Remade The Middle East, that covers events leading to how the CIA hired rival mobs to create chaos and overthrow the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 44], "content_span": [45, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070723-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian parliamentary dissolution referendum\nA referendum on the dissolution of Parliament, the first referendum ever held in Iran, was held in August 1953. The dissolution was approved by more than 99% of voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070723-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian parliamentary dissolution referendum\nFollowing the referendum, there were talks about another referendum to abolish the Pahlavi dynasty and make Iran a republic, however the government was overthrown by a coup d'\u00e9tat shortly after.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070723-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Iranian parliamentary dissolution referendum, Conduct\nThe balloting was not secret and there were two separate voting booths, i.e. the opponents of Mossadegh had to cast their vote in a separate tent. Critics pointed that the referendum had ignored the democratic demand for secret ballots.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 58], "content_span": [59, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070724-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Iraqi parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Iraq on 17 January 1953 to elect the members of the Chamber of Deputies. The result was a victory for the Constitutional Union Party, which won 67 of the 135 seats. Only 57 seats were contested.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070725-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Irish Greyhound Derby\nThe 1953 Irish Greyhound Derby took place during July and August with the final being held at Harold's Cross Stadium in Dublin on 7 August 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070725-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Irish Greyhound Derby\nThe winner Spanish Battleship won \u00a3500 and was trained by Tom Lynch and owned by Tim 'Chubb' O'Connor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070725-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report\nTim 'Chubb' O'Connor had taken charge of a litter in Ireland sired by Spanish Chestnut (the half-brother of 1949 Irish Greyhound Derby champion Spanish Lad). One of the litter Spanish Battleship was entered for the St Leger at Limerick but after winning a heat he failed to progress from the second round. O'Connor felt that he had gone well enough and phoned Tom Lynch in Dublin and asked him to train the dog for forthcoming Derby. The Derby was due to be held at Harolds Cross where regular racegoers had already seen Spanish Battleship perform well there.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 46], "content_span": [47, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070725-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report\nIn the first round he won in 29.84 before winning his semi-final in 30.04. The Irish public took a liking to the greyhound and he was sent off 2-1 favourite for the final. The fawn brindle made his trademark exit from the traps by going into an early lead but was challenged by Gay McKenna's Smokey Glen for much of the race. Spanish Battleship stayed on gamely to take the final win in 29.78. Tom Lynch had deservedly won Ireland's premier race for the first time and Spanish Battleship was on his way to becoming the greatest greyhound in the history of Irish racing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 46], "content_span": [47, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070726-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Isle of Man TT\nThe 1953 Isle of Man Tourist Trophy saw Ray Amm (Rhodesia) win both Senior and Junior TT races. Bob McIntyre retired for his first TT, the Junior.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070727-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Isle of Thanet by-election\nThe 1953 Isle of Thanet by-election was held on 12 March 1953. It was held due to the resignation of the incumbent Conservative MP, Hon. Edward Carson. It was retained by the Conservative candidate, William Rees-Davies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070728-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Italian Grand Prix\nThe 1953 Italian Grand Prix was a Formula Two race held on 13 September 1953 at Monza. It was the ninth and final race in the 1953 World Championship of Drivers, which was run to Formula Two rules in 1952 and 1953, rather than the Formula One regulations normally used. This made it the last World Championship race to run under the Formula Two regulations. The 80-lap race was won by Maserati driver Juan Manuel Fangio after he started from second position. Nino Farina finished second for the Ferrari team and his teammate Luigi Villoresi came in third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 579]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070728-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Italian Grand Prix, Race report\nThe initial part of the race was a four-way battle between Alberto Ascari, Giuseppe Farina, Juan Manuel Fangio and Onofre Marim\u00f3n. With five drivers running together on the last lap, the race saw a spectacular finish with Ascari and Farina ahead of Fangio approaching the last corner. Ascari made a mistake and spun. To avoid him, Farina pulled to the grass but recovered later. Fangio pounced on this window of opportunity and took a famous win. Ascari claimed the World Championship for Drivers' for the second, and final, time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 36], "content_span": [37, 567]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070729-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Italian Senate election in Lombardy\nLombardy elected its second delegation to the Italian Senate on June 7, 1953. This election was a part of national Italian general election of 1953 even if, according to the Italian Constitution, every senatorial challenge in each Region is a single and independent race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070729-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Italian Senate election in Lombardy\nThe election was won by the centrist Christian Democracy, as it happened at national level. All Lombard provinces gave a majority or at least a plurality to the winning party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070729-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Italian Senate election in Lombardy, Background\nAlcide De Gasperi's Christian Democracy weakened in this election, after that the exceptional conditions of 1948 had expired. However, Lombardy remained a stronghold for the national leading party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 52], "content_span": [53, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070729-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Italian Senate election in Lombardy, Background\nCommunists and Socialists obtained more votes running divided than they did together five years before, absorbing most of the Republican electorate. Even if the Communists obtained some seats in the agricultural south, the Socialists remarked their strength in the Milanese industrial neighbourhood. The Italian Democratic Socialist Party obtained a seat in Milan, a city led by its mayor Virgilio Ferrari, while the rightist and anti-constitutional Italian Social Movement and the Monarchist National Party took away some Conservative votes from the Christian Democracy and obtained their first seats in the bourgeois centers of Milan and Como.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 52], "content_span": [53, 698]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070729-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Italian Senate election in Lombardy, Electoral system\nThe electoral system introduced in 1948 for the newly elected Senate was a strange hybrid which established a form of proportional representation into FPTP-like constituencies. A candidate needed a landslide victory of more than 65% of votes to obtain a direct mandate. All constituencies where this result was not reached entered into an at-large calculation based upon the D'Hondt method to distribute the seats between the parties, and candidates with the best percentages of suffrages inside their party list were elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 58], "content_span": [59, 585]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070730-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Italian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Italy on Sunday 7 June 1953, to choose the Second Republican Parliament. They were a test for leading centrist coalition ruled by Prime Minister Alcide De Gasperi.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070730-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Italian general election, The Scam Law\nThe election was characterized by changes in the electoral law. Even if the general structure remained uncorrupted, the government introduced a superbonus of two thirds of seats in the House for the coalition which would obtain at-large the absolute majority of votes. The change was hugely opposed by the opposition parties as well as the smaller DC coalition partners, which had no realistic chances of success. The new law was called Scam Law by its detractors, including some dissidents of minor government parties who founded special opposition groups to deny the artificial landslide to the Christian Democracy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 661]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070730-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Italian general election, Historical background\nIn the 1950s Italy became a founding member of the NATO alliance (1949), a member of the United Nations (1955) and an ally of the United States, which helped to revive the Italian economy through the Marshall Plan. In the same years, Italy also became a founding member of the ECSC (1952) and of the European Economic Community (1957), later developed into the European Union. At the end of the 1950s an impressive economic growth was termed \"Economic Miracle\". Italian families used their newfound wealth to purchase consumer durables for the first time. Between 1958 and 1965, the percentage of families owning a television rose from 12% to 49%, washing machines from 3% to 23%, and fridges from 13% to 55%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 52], "content_span": [53, 762]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070730-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Italian general election, Historical background\nChristian Democracy's main support areas (sometimes known as \"vote tanks\") were the rural areas in South, Center and North-East Italy, whereas the industrial North-West had more left-leaning support because of the larger working class. An interesting exception were the \"red regions\" (Emilia Romagna, Tuscany, Umbria) where the Italian Communist Party has historically had a wide support. This is considered a consequence of the particular sharecropping (\"mezzadria\") farming contracts used in these regions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 52], "content_span": [53, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070730-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Italian general election, Historical background\nThe Holy See actively supported the Christian Democracy, judging it would be a mortal sin for a Catholic to vote for the Communist party and excommunicating all its supporters. In practice, however, many Communists remained religious: Emilia was known to be an area where people were both religious and communists. Giovanni Guareschi wrote his novels about Don Camillo describing a village, Brescello, whose inhabitants are at the same time loyal to priest Camillo and communist mayor Peppone, who are fierce rivals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 52], "content_span": [53, 569]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070730-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Italian general election, Historical background\nIn 1953, a Parliamentary Commission on poverty estimated that 24% of Italian families were either \u201cdestitute\u201d or \u201cin hardship,\u201d 21% of dwellings were overcrowded, 52% of homes in the south had no running drinking water, and only 57% had a lavatory. In the 1950s, several important reforms were launched: e.g. agrarian reform (legge Scelba), fiscal reform (legge Vanoni), and the country enjoyed a period of extraordinary economic development (miracolo economico, economic miracle). In this period of time, a massive population transfer, from the impoverished South to the booming industrial North, took place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 52], "content_span": [53, 662]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070730-0005-0001", "contents": "1953 Italian general election, Historical background\nThis however exacerbated social contrasts, including between the old-established \"worker aristocracy\" and the new less qualified immigrants (\"operaio-massa\") of Southern origin. In addition, a wide gap between rich and poor continued to exist. By the end of the Sixties, it was estimated that 4 million Italians (out of a population of 54.5 million) were unemployed, underemployed, and casual labourers. As noted by the historian Paul Ginsborg, the affluent society to this section of the Italian population \u201cmight have meant a television set but precious little else.\u201d", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 52], "content_span": [53, 622]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070730-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 Italian general election, Results\nThe complaint campaign of the oppositions against the Scam Law reached its goal. The Centrist coalition (DC, PSDI, PLI, PRI, SVP, PSAZ) won 49.9% of the national vote, coming just a few thousand votes short of the threshold for a two-thirds majority. Instead, the election resulted in an ordinary proportional distribution of the seats. Minor dissident parties resulted determinant for the final result, especially the short-lived National Democratic Alliance. Leading party Christian Democracy did not repeat the extraordinary result of five years before, which had been obtained under special conditions linked to the Cold War, and lost a lot of votes to the right wing, which included resurgent fascist politicians particularly in Southern Italy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 788]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070730-0007-0000", "contents": "1953 Italian general election, Results\nTechnically, the government won the election, with a clear working majority of seats in both houses. But frustration at the failure to garner the expected supermajority caused big problems for the leading coalition. De Gasperi was forced to resign by the Parliament on August 2: the Trentin statesman consequently retired and died twelve months later. The legislature continued with weak governments, with minor parties refusing institutional responsibilities. Giuseppe Pella rose to power, but fell after five months only, following strong disputes about the status of the Free Territory of Trieste which Pella was claiming.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 664]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070730-0007-0001", "contents": "1953 Italian general election, Results\nAmintore Fanfani not receiving a vote of confidence, Mario Scelba and Antonio Segni followed with more traditional centrist coalitions supported by PSDI and PLI: under the administration of the first one, the problem of Trieste was closed ceding Koper to Yugoslavia. The parliamentary term was closed by the minority government chaired by Adone Zoli, finishing a legislature which hugely weakened the office of the Prime Minister, held by six different rulers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070731-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Italian general election in Veneto\nThe Italian general election of 1953 took place on 7 June 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070731-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Italian general election in Veneto\nChristian Democracy (DC) lost some ground, but still gained a convincing 53.4% of the vote (62.2% in Vicenza, 59.9% in Treviso and 59.6% in Padua). The Italian Socialist Party (PSI) and the Italian Communist Party (PCI) ran separate lists, gaining 14.6 and 14.2% of the vote. Veneto was thus one of the few regions of Italy where the Socialists were stronger than the PCI, even without counting the PSDI (5.6%). The PSI got its best results in the provinces of Venice (21.6%), Rovigo (19.8%) and Verona (18.2%), but not in the traditional Socialist stronghold of Belluno, where it was passed by the PSDI (12.3 against 11.0%). The PCI was stronger in Rovigo (28.2%) and Venice (19.7%).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 724]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070732-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Japan Series\nThe 1953 Japan Series was the Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) championship series for the 1953 season. It was the fourth Japan Series and featured the Pacific League champions, the Nankai Hawks, against the Central League champions, the Yomiuri Giants.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070732-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Japan Series, Matchups, Game 1\nSaturday, October 10, 1953 \u2013 2:05 pm at Osaka Stadium in Osaka, Osaka Prefecture", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070732-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Japan Series, Matchups, Game 2\nSunday, October 11, 1953 \u2013 2:05 pm at Osaka Stadium in Osaka, Osaka Prefecture", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070732-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Japan Series, Matchups, Game 3\nMonday, October 12, 1953 \u2013 1:35 pm at Korakuen Stadium in Bunky\u014d, Tokyo", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070732-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Japan Series, Matchups, Game 4\nTuesday, October 13, 1953 \u2013 1:33 pm at Korakuen Stadium in Bunky\u014d, Tokyo", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070732-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Japan Series, Matchups, Game 5\nWednesday, October 14, 1953 \u2013 2:02 pm at Osaka Stadium in Osaka, Osaka Prefecture", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070732-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 Japan Series, Matchups, Game 6\nThursday, October 15, 1953 \u2013 2:00 pm at Koshien Stadium in Nishinomiya, Hy\u014dgo Prefecture", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070732-0007-0000", "contents": "1953 Japan Series, Matchups, Game 7\nFriday, October 16, 1953 \u2013 1:30 pm at Korakuen Stadium in Bunky\u014d, Tokyo", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070733-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Japanese House of Councillors election\nHouse of Councillors elections were held in Japan on 24 April 1953, electing half the seats in the House. The Yoshida faction of the Liberal Party won the most seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070734-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Japanese general election\nGeneral elections were held in Japan on 19 April 1953. The result was a victory for the Liberal Party, which won 202 of the 466 seats. Voter turnout was 74.2%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070735-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Kahibah state by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly seat of Kahibah on 31 October 1953. It was triggered by the forced resignation of Labor MLA Joshua Arthur, after a Royal Commission found his dealings with Reginald Doyle were improper. and was won by independent candidate Tom Armstrong.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070735-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Kahibah state by-election, Background\nJoshua Arthur had been the Labor member for Kahibah and its predecessor seat of Hamilton since 1935. He had been a minister in the McGirr government, serving as Minister for Tourist Activities and Immigration from 1949 to 1950, before being promoted to Secretary for Mines and Minister for Immigration.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070735-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Kahibah state by-election, Background\nOn 9 February 1953, William Wentworth, a NSW member of federal parliament, aired allegations concerning Arthur's associations with Reginald Doyle, a Newcastle-based conman who was wanted on fraud charges. Arthur voluntarily stood down as a minister while declaring he would fight to clear his name, and the state government set up a Royal Commission into the allegations, to be held under Judge George Amsberg of the District Court. Amsberg's report, handed down in August after several months of hearings, found that Arthur had acted improperly but not corruptly in his dealings with Doyle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 634]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070735-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Kahibah state by-election, Background\nIn the immediate wake of the Royal Commission's findings, Arthur announced on 20 August that he would resign as member for Kahibah, but would contest the resulting by-election. The matter of his continued membership of the Labor was initially undecided, but when it became clear that the state executive would not support him, Arthur announced that he would resign from the party and not contest the by-election. This was insufficient for the executive, who rejected his resignation and formally expelled him from the party on 22 August.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070735-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Kahibah state by-election, Candidates\nThe Labor candidate for the by-election was Joshua Arthur Sr., the 71-year-old father of the outgoing member. His nomination and eventual victory in the preselection ballot was widely considered a surprise. There was reported concern within the Labor Party about his electability in the wake of the Doyle scandal, but a rumored move to overturn the result did not eventuate. The campaign was heavily tied to the former member; not only was his father the Labor candidate, but his wife served as campaign manager.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070735-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Kahibah state by-election, Candidates\nTom Armstrong, a Newcastle councillor, former mayor, and prominent union official, contested the seat as an independent Labor candidate. Inglis Alexander, the Liberal candidate from the 1952 election, also contested the election as independent Labor after losing Liberal preselection.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070735-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 Kahibah state by-election, Candidates\nThe endorsed Liberal candidate was Harry Quinlan, while the endorsed Communist candidate was Douglas Olive.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070735-0007-0000", "contents": "1953 Kahibah state by-election, Result\nThe by-election was a disastrous defeat for Labor in one of their safest seats. Arthur suffered a 40% swing against, finishing third behind independent candidate Armstrong and Liberal candidate Quinlan, with Armstrong being elected on Arthur's preferences.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 38], "content_span": [39, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070735-0008-0000", "contents": "1953 Kahibah state by-election, Aftermath\nArmstrong had never been a member of the Labor Party, but generally supported the Labor government throughout his term. He was re-elected at the 1956 election, but died suddenly in March 1957. The seat reverted to Labor control upon his death, being won by endorsed candidate Jack Stewart.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070736-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Kangaroo tour of New Zealand\nThe 1953 Kangaroo Tour of New Zealand was a mid-season tour of New Zealand by the Australia national rugby league team. The Australians played nine matches on tour, including three tests against the New Zealand national rugby league team. The tour began on 24 June and finished on 18 July.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070736-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Kangaroo tour of New Zealand, Leadership\nClive Churchill was both the captain and the coach of the touring side. He appeared in eight of the nine matches. In the one game in which Churchill was absent, against Northland, Ken McCaffery captained the Australian team. The team was managed by Dudley Locke of Wollongong and George McLeod of Maryborough.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070736-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Kangaroo tour of New Zealand, Touring squad\nThe Rugby League News published the touring team including the players' ages and weights. Match details - listing surnames of both teams and the point scorers - were included in E.E. Christensen's Official Rugby League Yearbook, as was a summary of the players' point-scoring. Crocker, Davies, Drew, Hornery, Banks, McCaffery, McGovern and Watson were selected from Queensland clubs. Carlson, Gill and Paul were selected from clubs in New South Wales Country areas. The balance of the squad had played for Sydney based clubs during the 1953 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 48], "content_span": [49, 597]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070736-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Kangaroo tour of New Zealand, Tour\nThe Australians played nine matches on the tour, winning seven matches and losing two, both being tests against the Kiwis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 39], "content_span": [40, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070737-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Kano riot\nThe Kano riot of 1953 refers to the riot, which broke out in the ancient city of Kano, located in Northern Nigeria, in May 1953. The nature of the riot were clashes between Northerners who were opposed to Nigeria's Independence and Southerners made up of mainly the Yorubas and the Igbos who supported immediate independence for Nigeria. The riot that lasted for four days claimed many lives of the Southerners and Northerners and many others were wounded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070737-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Kano riot, Causes\nThe remote cause of the riot was the strained relationship between the Northern and Southern political leaders over the issue of self-government in 1956. This strained relationship started with a 1953 motion for self-government for Nigeria in 1956 tabled in the House of Representatives by a member of the Action Group (AG), Chief Anthony Enahoro. The Northerners did not accept the motion. The leader of the Northern People's Congress (NPC) and the Sardauna of Sokoto, Alhaji Ahmadu Bello, in a counter-motion, replaced \"in the year 1956\" with the phrase \"as soon as practicable\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 604]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070737-0001-0001", "contents": "1953 Kano riot, Causes\nAnother Northern member of the House moved a motion for adjournment, a motion which Southern members of AG and the National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons (NCNC) viewed as a delay tactics. All the AG and NCNC members in the house walked out as a result of the adjournment motion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070737-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Kano riot, Causes\nWhen the Northern delegates left the House, they were confronted by hostile crowds in Lagos who insulted, jeered and called them all sorts of names. Members of the Northern delegation were embittered and in their \"Eight Point Program\" in the Northern Regional Legislative House, they sought for secession. The last straw that broke the camel's back was the tour by a delegation of the AG and NCNC led by Chief Samuel Akintola. That tour which was aimed at campaigning for self-government acted as the immediate cause of the Kano riot. It sparked off a chain of disorder that culminated in the riot. The riot took place at Sabon Gari an area predominantly occupied by southern Nigerians.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 709]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070737-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Kano riot, Riot\nThere was already growing tension in the North when the Action Group northern tour came to Kano during the weekend of 15\u201317 May, the tension was a result of the hostility towards the Northern delegation in Lagos. An orderly demonstration by the Northern Peoples Congress supporters against a proposed Action Group meeting took place on 15 May. This was followed by small skirmishes the following day. Disturbances that led to the riot started out at the Colonial Hotel, on 16 May 1953 which was supposed to be the venue of a meeting by the Action Group led by Akintola.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 20], "content_span": [21, 590]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070737-0003-0001", "contents": "1953 Kano riot, Riot\nPrior the meeting, the Kano Native Authority withdrew its permission to grant the meeting. A mob gathered outside of the hotel and started stoning people close to the hotel, during the fracas, two people believed to be southerners died, the mob later attempted to gain entry into Sabon Gari but were subdued by the Native Authority police.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 20], "content_span": [21, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070737-0003-0002", "contents": "1953 Kano riot, Riot\nThe situation became more serious and became an inter-ethnic crisis on 17 May when mobs of hooligans from Northern section of Kano, in particular Fagge attempted to break into the Southern and Igbo dominated Sabon Gari area with some success, though their original chants were against the Yorubas, the casualties in the Sabon Gari area were mostly Igbos. Shops in the Sabon Gari market were looted and violent attacks took place. But the Native Authority police and the Army were called upon and prevented further entry of hooligans into the Kano area.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 20], "content_span": [21, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070737-0003-0003", "contents": "1953 Kano riot, Riot\nThe skirmishes further spilled into the indigenous Kano areas such as Fagge where small unorganized groups of people of different ethnic groups clashed. My father, Dennis William Lyndon, told us of his experience in command of some of the troops. His orders were strict regarding the limited objectives of protection of property and of not provoking any escalation. With their bayonets fixed he held his men steady even as women and children were brought before him, their arms lopped off with machetes and fuel thrown over them before they were set alight. This was one of the worst of his experiences as an officer of the British army.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 20], "content_span": [21, 658]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070737-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Kano riot, Riot\nAn exchange of prisoners took place to reduce the tension, Southerners who were arrested were released and Northerners also released; Northerners in the Sabon Gari area were asked to leave and Southerners in the Fagge area were asked to move to Sabon Gari for the meantime. About 46 Nigerians mostly Northerners and Igbos died during the clash and more than 200 people were treated for injuries. Though it was immediately called an inter-ethnic riot by the colonial government in Nigeria, the political leaders termed it a political riot between people who want self government in 1956 and those who want imperialism to continue.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 20], "content_span": [21, 650]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070738-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Kansas Jayhawks football team\nThe 1953 Kansas Jayhawks football team represented the University of Kansas in the Big Seven Conference during the 1953 college football season. In their sixth season under head coach Jules V. Sikes, the Jayhawks compiled a 2\u20138 record (2\u20134 against conference opponents), finished tied for fourth in the Big Seven Conference, and were outscored by all opponents by a combined total of 179 to 83. They played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lawrence, Kansas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070738-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Kansas Jayhawks football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Don Hess with 369 rushing yards and 20 points scored, and John McFarland with 343 passing yards. Morris Kay and Bob Hantla were the team captains.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070739-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Kansas State Wildcats football team\nThe 1953 Kansas State Wildcats football team represented Kansas State University in the 1953 college football season. The team's head football coach was Bill Meek. The Wildcats played their home games in Memorial Stadium. 1953 saw the Wildcats finish with a record of 6\u20133\u20131, and a 4\u20132 record in Big Seven Conference play, tied for second in the conference. The Wildcats scored 198 points while giving up 116.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 449]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070739-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Kansas State Wildcats football team\nKansas State started the season with a 5\u20131 record, and made the program's first appearance in the top 20 of a national ranking system at #18 in the Coaches Poll on October 28. 1953 was also the first year that Kansas State played on national television, when its game on November 7 against rival Kansas was broadcast on NBC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070739-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Kansas State Wildcats football team\nThe team finished the season leading the NCAA in punt returns (23.8 yards per punt average).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070740-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Kategoria e Dyt\u00eb\nThe 1953 Kategoria e Dyt\u00eb was the 9th season of a second-tier association football league in Albania. The season started in March and ended in August. After the interruption of 1952 the Second Division resumed with the formula of the 14 teams in two groups and the final by title and promotions between the two first classified.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070740-0000-0001", "contents": "1953 Kategoria e Dyt\u00eb\nSpartaku Tiran\u00eb wins the title and promotion, but thanks to the Federation's decision to enlarge the First Division to 12 teams, Puna Elbasan also gains promotion, although defeated in the play-off by the penultimate of the major series, and Puna Kavaj\u00eb, who wins a special play-off with the second in the other group.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070740-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Kategoria e Dyt\u00eb, Promotion playoffs\nThe second-place finishers in the groups played in two match promotion playoffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 41], "content_span": [42, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070741-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Kathmandu municipal election\nLocal elections to a municipal council for Kathmandu, the capital of Nepal, were first held on September 9, 1953. Candidates nominated by the illegal Communist Party of Nepal got 50% of the total votes cast. Out of a total of 19 seats, six were won by communists, four by Nepali Congress, four by Praja Parishad, one by Gorkha Parishad and four by independents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070741-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Kathmandu municipal election\nAmongst the elected communists was the chairman of the council, Janak Man Singh. However, his tenure became short. A jurisdictional dispute emerged between the municipal council and the national government. A no-confidence vote removed Singh from his office and the national government banned him from entering the municipal council office. Singh was arrested when attempting to enter the office, and was jailed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070742-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Kent State Golden Flashes football team\nThe 1953 Kent State Golden Flashes football team was an American football team that represented Kent State University  in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1953 college football season. In their eighth season under head coach Trevor J. Rees, the Golden Flashes compiled a 7\u20132 record (3\u20131 against MAC opponents), finished in a tie for third place in the MAC, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 250 to 103.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070742-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Kent State Golden Flashes football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Lou Mariano with 816 rushing yards, Don Burke with 577 passing yards, and Gino Gioia with 84 receiving yards. Fullback Jim Cullom and offensive tackle Al Kilgore were selected as first-team All-MAC players.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070743-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Kentucky Derby\nThe 1953 Kentucky Derby was the 79th running of the Kentucky Derby. The race took place on May 2, 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070744-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Kentucky Wildcats football team\nThe 1953 Kentucky Wildcats football team represented the University of Kentucky in the 1953 college football season. The team scored 201 points while allowing 116 points. This was Bear Bryant's final season as head coach at Kentucky.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070745-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1953 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship was the 59th staging of the Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Kilkenny County Board.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070745-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship\nOn 29 November 1953, Bennettsbridge won the championship after a 3-11 to 3-06 defeat of Slieverue in the final. It was their third championship title overall and their second title in succession.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070746-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 LFF Lyga\nThe 1953 LFF Lyga was the 32nd season of the LFF Lyga football competition in Lithuania. It was contested by 13 teams, and Elnias \u0160iauliai won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070747-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 LPGA Tour\nThe 1953 LPGA Tour was the fourth season since the LPGA Tour officially began in 1950. The season ran from January 15 to October 18. The season consisted of 25 official money events. Louise Suggs won the most tournaments, nine. She also led the money list with earnings of $19,816.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070747-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 LPGA Tour\nThis season also saw the introduction of the Vare Trophy for the lowest scoring average, won by Patty Berg. There was only one first-time winner in 1953, Jackie Pung.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070747-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 LPGA Tour, Tournament results\nThe following table shows all the official money events for the 1953 season. \"Date\" is the ending date of the tournament. The numbers in parentheses after the winners' names are the number of wins they had on the tour up to and including that event. Majors are shown in bold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 34], "content_span": [35, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070748-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 LSU Tigers football team\nThe 1953 LSU Tigers football team represented Louisiana State University (LSU) as a member of the Southeastern Conference during the 1953 college football season. Led by sixth-year head coach Gaynell Tinsley, the Tigers compiling an overall record of 5\u20133\u20133 with a mark of 2\u20133\u20133 in conference play, placing eighth in the SEC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070749-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 La Fl\u00e8che Wallonne\nThe 1953 La Fl\u00e8che Wallonne was the 17th edition of La Fl\u00e8che Wallonne cycle race and was held on 2 May 1953. The race started in Charleroi and finished in Li\u00e8ge. The race was won by Stan Ockers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070750-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election\nElections to the Labour Party's Shadow Cabinet (more formally, its \"Parliamentary Committee\") occurred in 1953. In addition to the 12 members elected, the Leader (Clement Attlee), Deputy Leader (Herbert Morrison), Labour Chief Whip (William Whiteley), Labour Leader in the House of Lords (William Jowitt) were automatically members. All incumbent members of the Shadow Cabinet retained their seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070751-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Labour Party deputy leadership election\nThe 1953 Labour Party deputy leadership election took place on 29 October\t1953, after sitting deputy leader Herbert Morrison was challenged by Aneurin Bevan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070751-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Labour Party deputy leadership election, Sources\nThis United Kingdom election-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 53], "content_span": [54, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070752-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Lady Wigram Trophy\nThe 1953 Lady Wigram Trophy was a motor race held at the Wigram Airfield Circuit on 28 February 1953. It was the third Lady Wigram Trophy to be held and was won by Ron Roycroft in the Alfa Romeo Tipo B. This was the third straight win for the Tipo B car and Roycroft completed the weekend in dominant fashion achieving pole position and the fastest lap as well as the race win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070753-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Lafayette Leopards baseball team\nThe 1953 Lafayette Leopards baseball team represented Lafayette College in the 1953 NCAA baseball season. The Leopards played their home games at Fisher Field. The team was coached by Charlie Gelbert in his 8th year at Lafayette.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070753-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Lafayette Leopards baseball team\nThe Leopards won the District II Playoff to advanced to the College World Series, where they were defeated by the Texas Longhorns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070754-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Lafayette Leopards football team\nThe 1953 Lafayette Leopards football team was an American football team that represented Lafayette College in the Middle Three Conference during the 1953 college football season. In its second season under head coach Steve Hokuf, the team compiled a 5\u20134 record. Joseph O'Lenic was the team captain. The team played its home games at Fisher Field in Easton, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070755-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Lahore riots\nThe Lahore riots of 1953 were a series of violent riots against the Ahmadiyya Movement, a faith marginalized in Pakistan, mainly in the city of Lahore, Pakistan as well as the rest of Punjab, which were eventually quelled by the Pakistan Army who declared three months of martial law. The demonstrations began in February 1953, soon escalating into citywide incidents, including looting, arson and the murder of somewhere between 200 to 2000 people, while thousands more were left displaced. According to the official inquiry conducted by the Punjab Government the actual number killed in these riots were around 20 people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 641]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070755-0000-0001", "contents": "1953 Lahore riots\nThe page one of the inquiry says \"Before the declaration of Martial Law, the police had to resort to firing in several places and at least two persons were killed on the night of 4th March and ten on 5th March, Sixty-six persons more must have been injured in the firing because that number of wounded persons admitted to the Lahore hospitals had gunshot wounds. The number of casualties admitted by the military to have been caused in quelling the disturbances in Lahore was eleven killed and forty-nine wounded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070755-0000-0002", "contents": "1953 Lahore riots\nIn some other towns also there were a number of casualties caused by firing by the police or the military.\". Official Unable to contain the increasingly widespread civil disorder, Governor-General Ghulam Muhammad handed over the administration of the city to the army under Lieutenant General Azam Khan, imposing martial law on 6 March.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070755-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Lahore riots\nOne of the major controversial differences between Ahmadis and mainstream Sunni and Shia Muslims is their different interpretations of Khatam an-Nabiyyin. Mainstream Sunni and Shia Muslims are awaiting the coming of the Mahdi and the Second Coming of Jesus and reject the claims of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad whom Ahmadis believe to be the Promised Messiah and Mahdi. The Ahmadiyya Community was a vocal proponent of the Pakistan Movement and were actively engaged with the Muslim league having strong relations with many prominent Muslim Leaguers and were opposed to the Congress backed Majlis-e-Ahrar-ul-Islam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 622]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070755-0001-0001", "contents": "1953 Lahore riots\nAfter the independence of Pakistan in 1947, Ahmadis prospered and reached many high ranking Government and Military positions in Pakistan, due to an extremely high Literacy rate. They held up stay as an important political force in Pakistan, due to its support for secularism and acted as a counterbalance to Majlis-e-Ahrar-ul-Islam. This group was disillusioned and disorganized after 1947 and politically isolated. Even before partition one of its primary targets was the Ahmadiyya movement. However, in 1949, the Majlis-e-Ahrar launched countrywide campaigns and protests resulting in a ban on Majlis-e-Ahrar in 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 638]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070755-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Lahore riots, Demands and culmination\nDisturbances began after an ultimatum was delivered to the Prime Minister of Pakistan on 21 January 1953 by a deputation of ulama representing Majlis-i Amal (council of action) constituted by an All-Pakistan Muslim Parties Convention held in Karachi from 16 to 18 January 1953. (Including Tehreek-e-Khatme Nabuwwat \u2014 under Majlis-e-Ahrar-ul-Islam) The ultimatum stated unless three demands were met:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 42], "content_span": [43, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070755-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Lahore riots, Disturbances and aftermath\nOn 6 March martial law was declared. Two people were killed by police prior to martial law and casualties \"admitted by the military\" caused in \"quelling the disturbances in Lahore\" were eleven killed and 49 wounded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 45], "content_span": [46, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070755-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Lahore riots, Disturbances and aftermath\nMarking the military's first foray into civilian politics, the 70-day-long military deployment saw Lahore return to normalcy under Azam Khan's coherent leadership\u00a0; the Secretary General of the Awami Muslim League, Maulana Abdul Sattar Khan Niazi, was arrested and sentenced to death, but his sentence was subsequently commuted. The riots also brought unprecedented political consequences; Ghulam Muhammad first dismissed Mian Mumtaz Daultana from the post of Chief Minister of Punjab on 24 March, allegedly for manipulating the religious element in anti-Ahmadi violence for political benefits.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 45], "content_span": [46, 640]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070755-0004-0001", "contents": "1953 Lahore riots, Disturbances and aftermath\nNext on 17 April, using his special powers under the Government of India Act 1935, Ghulam Muhammad dismissed Prime Minister, Khwaja Nazimuddin and the entire federal cabinet. Muhammad Ali Bogra (Pakistan's ambassador to the United States) replaced him. Bogra, who did not know why he was being called back, took the oath as new Prime Minister within hours of Nazimuddin's dismissal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 45], "content_span": [46, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070755-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Lahore riots, Disturbances and aftermath\nOn 19 June 1953 a Court Of Inquiry was established to look into disturbances, known as the Punjab Disturbances Court Of Inquiry. The inquiry commenced on 1 July and held 117 sittings. The evidence was concluded on 23 January 1954 and arguments in the case lasted to 28 February 1954. Conclusions were formulated and the report issued 10 April 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 45], "content_span": [46, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070756-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Lang by-election\nA by-election was held for the Australian House of Representatives seat of Lang on 29 August 1953. This was triggered by the death of Labor MP Dan Mulcahy. A by-election for the seat of Corangamite was held on the same day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070757-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Latin Cup (basketball)\nThe 1953 Latin Cup was the 1st edition of the Latin Cup. It took place at Front\u00f3n Recoletos, Madrid, Spain, on April 5-8, 1953 with the participations of Real Madrid, Borletti Milano Milano (champions of the 1951\u201352 Lega Basket Serie A), ASVEL (champions of the 1951\u201352 Nationale 1) and Jonction (champions of the 1952\u201353 Ligue Nationale A). In the Day 3 where the match held the title, Real Madrid won Borletti by 63\u201358 and became Latin Cup champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070758-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Latvian SSR Higher League, Overview\nIt was contested by 7 teams, and Sarkanais Metalurgs won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070759-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Lebanese general election\nGeneral elections were held in Lebanon between 12 July and 9 August 1953, the first under the new electoral system which allowed candidates to win with a plurality of votes, rather than requiring a second round. Independent candidates won the majority of seats. Voter turnout was 50.0%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070760-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Leeds City Council election\nThe Leeds municipal elections were held on Thursday 7 May 1953, with one third of the council as well as a vacancy in Richmond Hill to be elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070760-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Leeds City Council election\nWinning control of Leeds was one of Labour's highlights in a night that seen them make gains across the country. Whilst there was a swing away from Labour to the Conservatives of over four percent from the previous year's high benchmark, Labour were able to repeat most of the gains they achieved the year before, with the two exceptions being Armley - a seat they already held - and Beeston, which the Tories managed to hold by sixty-six votes this time around. In total they gained seven seats, replacing the Tories slim majority of two with a majority of twelve. Turnout continued its trend downwards with a post-war low of 41.4%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 666]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070760-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Leeds City Council election, Election result\nThe result had the following consequences for the total number of seats on the council after the elections:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 49], "content_span": [50, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070761-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Lehigh Engineers football team\nThe 1953 Lehigh Engineers football team was an American football team that represented Lehigh University during the 1953 college football season. Lehigh placed last in the Middle Three Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070761-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Lehigh Engineers football team\nIn their sixth year under head coach William Leckonby, the Engineers compiled a 4\u20135 record. They lost their sole conference game, against Lafayette; for the second straight year, Lehigh did not meet its other conference rival, Rutgers. Thomas Gunn was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070761-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Lehigh Engineers football team\nLehigh played its home games at Taylor Stadium on the university's main campus in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070762-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1953 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship was the 59th staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Limerick County Board in 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070762-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship\nTreaty Sarsfields won the championship after a 2-05 to 0-05 defeat of Ahane in the final. It was their third championship title overall and their third title in succession. It remains their last championship title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070763-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Lincoln Blue Tigers football team\nThe 1953 Lincoln Blue Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Lincoln University of Missouri as a member of the Midwest Athletic Association (MAA) during the 1953 college football season. In their fifth season under head coach Dwight T. Reed, the Tigers compiled an 8\u20130\u20131 record. The team was ranked No. 4 among the 1953 black college teams with a Dickinson System rating of 24.25, behind Tennessee A&I (25.83), Prairie View (25.00), and Florida A&M (24.50).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070764-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Little League World Series\nThe 1953 Little League World Series was held from August 25 to August 28 in Williamsport, Pennsylvania. In the championship game, Birmingham, Alabama, beat Schenectady, New York, by a score of 1\u20130 in the seventh edition of the tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070764-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Little League World Series\nThe Birmingham Public Library commemorated the 50th anniversary of the championship in 2003.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070765-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Liverpool City Council election\nElections to Liverpool City Council were held on 7 May 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070765-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Liverpool City Council election, Ward results\nThis was the first election with new boundaries since the 1952 election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 50], "content_span": [51, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070765-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Liverpool City Council election, Ward results\nDeleted ward names\u00a0: Brunswick, Castle Street, Edge Hill, Exchange, Garston, Great George, Kirkdale, Little Woolton, Much Woolton, North Scotland, St. Anne's, St. Peter's, Sefton Park East, Sefton Park West, South Scotland, Walton, Wavertree, Wavertree West and West Derby.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 50], "content_span": [51, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070765-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Liverpool City Council election, Ward results\nNew ward names\u00a0: Arundel, Broadgreen, Central, Church, Clubmoor, County, Gillmoss, Melrose, Picton, Pirrie, St. James', St. Mary's,  St. Michael's, Smithdown, Speke, Tuebrook, Westminster and Woolton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 50], "content_span": [51, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070765-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Liverpool City Council election, Ward results\nThis was an 'all up' election were three councillors were elected for each ward. The term of office for the councillor with the largest number of votes in each ward was three years. The councillor with the second highest number of votes was elected for two years, and the councillor with the third highest number of votes in each ward was elected for one year. Comparisons are made with the election results or the year when the sitting councillor was elected, although boundary changes make these comparisons of limited use.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 50], "content_span": [51, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070765-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Liverpool City Council election, Ward results, Arundel\nThe successful candidates for Arundel were previously elected for the Sefton Park East wards under the previous ward boundaries in 1950, 1951 and 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 59], "content_span": [60, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070765-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, Abercromby, Wednesday 30 September 1953\nCllr. Thomas George Dominic Maguire (Abercromby, Labour) died on 24 August 1953", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 91], "content_span": [92, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070765-0007-0000", "contents": "1953 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, Vauxhall, Thursday 19 November 1953\nTwo vacancies in the Vauxhall ward were created by the death of Alderman Bertie Victor Kirby C.B.E. D.C.M. on 1 September 1953, Cllr. John Sheehan was elected as Alderman by the City Council on 7 October 1953 and assigned as Returning Officer for the Granby ward. and the resignation of Cllr. Edward Corrigan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 87], "content_span": [88, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070765-0008-0000", "contents": "1953 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, Allerton, Thursday 17 December 1953\nA vacancy in the Allerton ward was created by the death of Cllr. Margaret Jane Strong (Conservative, Allerton) on 11 November 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 87], "content_span": [88, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070766-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Li\u00e8ge\u2013Bastogne\u2013Li\u00e8ge\nThe 1953 Li\u00e8ge\u2013Bastogne\u2013Li\u00e8ge was the 39th edition of the Li\u00e8ge\u2013Bastogne\u2013Li\u00e8ge cycle race and was held on 3 May 1953. The race started and finished in Li\u00e8ge. The race was won by Alois De Hertog.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070767-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 London to Christchurch air race\nThe 1953 London to Christchurch air race, the \"Last Great Air Race\", was 12,300 miles (19,800\u00a0km) long, from London Heathrow to Christchurch International Airport in New Zealand and took place in October 1953 after Christchurch declared their airport as international in 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070767-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 London to Christchurch air race, Race description\nThe race was divided into an outright speed section and a section for commercial transport aircraft types.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 54], "content_span": [55, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070767-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 London to Christchurch air race, Race description\nThe speed section was won by a Royal Air Force English Electric Canberra PR.3 flown by Flight Lieutenant Roland (Monty) Burton and navigated by Flight Lieutenant Don Gannon. The plane touched down at Christchurch Airport at 5.36am local time during heavy storms, 41 minutes ahead of its closest rival: after 23hr 51min in the air including 83 minutes on the ground; to this day the record has not been broken. The Harewood Gold Cup was awarded to the winners, and the prize of \u00a310,000 was paid to the RAF Benevolent Fund.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 54], "content_span": [55, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070767-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 London to Christchurch air race, Race description\nThere have been many films made about the commercial section of this race: a Vickers Viscount which finished first, followed by a Douglas DC-6A of KLM Royal Dutch Airlines which was declared the winner on handicap. A Royal New Zealand Air Force Handley Page Hastings also took part. The victory of the Canberra has been less publicised, flying at an average speed of 495 miles per hour (797\u00a0km/h). The distance, by the route followed, was 12,270 miles (19,750\u00a0km) so that the actual speed was 515 miles per hour (829\u00a0km/h) (or 546 miles per hour (879\u00a0km/h) including immediate stops).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 54], "content_span": [55, 639]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070767-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 London to Christchurch air race, Race description\nSecond in the speed section was Squadron Leader Peter Raw of No. 1 Long Range Flight RAAF in an Australian-built Canberra.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 54], "content_span": [55, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070768-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Los Angeles Rams season\nThe 1953 Los Angeles Rams season was the team's 16th year with the National Football League and the eighth season in Los Angeles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070768-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Los Angeles Rams season, Schedule, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 49], "content_span": [50, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070769-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Los Angeles State Diablos football team\nThe 1953 Los Angeles State Diablos football team represented Los Angeles State during the 1953 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070769-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Los Angeles State Diablos football team\nLos Angeles State competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA). The team was led by third-year head coach Leonard (Bud) Adams, who had been the leader of the team since the school started playing intercollegiate football in 1951. The Diablos played home games at Snyder Stadium. They finished the season with a record of two wins and seven losses (2\u20137, 1\u20134 CCAA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070769-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Los Angeles State Diablos football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Los Angeles State players were selected in the 1954 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 69], "content_span": [70, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070770-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Los Angeles mayoral election\nThe 1953 election for Mayor of Los Angeles took place on April 7, 1953, with a run-off election on May 26, 1953. Incumbent Fletcher Bowron was defeated by Norris Poulson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070771-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football team\nThe 1953 Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football team was an American football team that represented the Louisiana Polytechnic Institute (now known as Louisiana Tech University) as a member of the Gulf States Conference during the 1953 college football season. In their thirteenth year under head coach Joe Aillet, the team compiled a 6\u20133 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070772-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Louisville Cardinals football team\nThe 1953 Louisville Cardinals football team was an American football team that represented the University of Louisville as an independent during the 1953 college football season. In their eighth season under head coach Frank Camp, the Cardinals compiled a 1\u20137 record. Johnny Unitas was a player on the team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070773-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Maccabiah Games\nEight hundred ninety athletes representing 21 countries competed in the 1953 4th Maccabiah Games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070773-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Maccabiah Games, Notable medalists\nIn gymnastics, Abie Grossfeld of the United States won 6 gold medals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 39], "content_span": [40, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070773-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Maccabiah Games, Notable medalists\nIn tennis, Anita Kanter of the US won gold medals in women's doubles with partner Tobia Greenberg of the US, and mixed doubles, and the silver medal in women's singles. Tobia Greenberg also won the silver medal in mixed doubles with partner Pablo Eisenberg. Angela Buxton of Great Britain, who three years later was to win the doubles title at Wimbledon, won the gold medal in women's singles. On the men's side, Grant Golden, who was ranked # 2 in the US that year, captured three gold medals in the men's singles (over South African Sid Levy), the men's doubles with partner Pablo Eisenberg, and the mixed doubles with Kanter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 39], "content_span": [40, 668]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070773-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Maccabiah Games, Notable medalists\nIn boxing, Abraham Rosenberg, a concentration camp survivor, won the heavyweight division gold medal. Rozenberg fighting for France lived to that time in Germany, but Germany didn't have a team in that Maccabiah, so Rozenberg fought for France.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 39], "content_span": [40, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070773-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Maccabiah Games, Notable medalists\nBen Helfgott, a concentration camp survivor, won the weightlifting gold medal in the lightweight class for Great Britain for the second Games in a row.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 39], "content_span": [40, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070773-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Maccabiah Games, Notable medalists\nIn fencing, a gold medal was won by 3-time Pan American Games gold medalist Allan Kwartler in foil. British Olympian and world champion Allan Jay won three gold medals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 39], "content_span": [40, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070773-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 Maccabiah Games, Notable medalists\nHarry Kane of Britain won the 400 meter with a games record time of 50.5.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 39], "content_span": [40, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070773-0007-0000", "contents": "1953 Maccabiah Games, Notable medalists\nThe US basketball team won a gold medal, coached by Tubby Raskin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 39], "content_span": [40, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070773-0008-0000", "contents": "1953 Maccabiah Games, Notable medalists\nIt was decided to change the duration after this Maccabiah to once every four years, to gain  Olympic recognition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 39], "content_span": [40, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070773-0009-0000", "contents": "1953 Maccabiah Games, Participating communities\nThe number in parentheses indicates the number of participants that community contributed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 47], "content_span": [48, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070774-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Maine Black Bears football team\nThe 1953 Maine Black Bears football team was an American football team that represented the University of Maine as a member of the Yankee Conference during the 1953 college football season. In its third season under head coach Harold Westerman, the team compiled a 4\u20132\u20131 record (1\u20132\u20131 against conference opponents) and finished fourth out of the six teams in the Yankee Conference championship. The team played its home games at Alumni Field in Orono, Maine. Ed Bogdanovich and Ed Cianchette were the team captains.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 552]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070775-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Major League Baseball All-Star Game\nThe 1953 Major League Baseball All-Star Game was the 20th playing of the mid-summer classic between the All-Stars teams of the American League (AL) and National League (NL), the two leagues comprising Major League Baseball. The game was held on July 14 at Crosley Field in Cincinnati, home of the Cincinnati Redlegs of the National League. The team changed its name from Reds to Redlegs this season, during the height of anti-communism in the United States; it returned to the Reds six years later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070775-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Major League Baseball All-Star Game\nThis was the second All-Star Game at Crosley Field, which had previously hosted fifteen years earlier in 1938. This game was originally scheduled for Braves Field in Boston, which had hosted in 1936. When the Braves relocated to Milwaukee in mid-March, the game was awarded to Cincinnati.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070775-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Summary\nFrom 1949 through 1952, manager Casey Stengel had taken the New York Yankees to four consecutive World Series titles, but this time turned on his fourth defeat in a row at the helm of the American League team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 49], "content_span": [50, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070775-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Summary\nRobin Roberts (NL) and Billy Pierce (AL) found themselves in a pitching duel during three innings of one-hit shutout ball, but they were not a factor in the decision. AL relievers Allie Reynolds (2), Mike Garcia (1) and Satchel Paige (2) combined to give up five runs to the NL hitters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 49], "content_span": [50, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070775-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Summary\nThe NL attack was led by Enos Slaughter, who went 2-for-3 with two runs and an RBI, while Pee Wee Reese hit a single and a double and drove in two runs. Minnie Mi\u00f1oso went 2-for-2 and drove in the only run for the AL team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 49], "content_span": [50, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070775-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Summary\nNL relievers Warren Spahn and Curt Simmons pitched two scoreless innings each and Murry Dickson allowed the only AL run in two innings of work. Spahn was the winning pitcher and Reynolds the loser, while Dickson earned the save.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 49], "content_span": [50, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070775-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Summary\nIn one of the greatest defensive plays in All-Star Game history, Slaughter ran down a line-drive hit by Harvey Kuenn, making a diving, tumbling grab on the right field line.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 49], "content_span": [50, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070775-0007-0000", "contents": "1953 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Summary\nThe National League extended their winning-streak to four consecutive games, matching the previous record set by the American League from 1946 to 1949, After the game, the American League leads 12\u20138.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 49], "content_span": [50, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070775-0008-0000", "contents": "1953 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Rosters\nPlayers in italics have since been inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 49], "content_span": [50, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070776-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Major League Baseball season\nThe 1953 Major League Baseball season was contested from April 13 to October 12, 1953. It marked the first relocation of an MLB franchise in fifty years, as the Boston Braves moved their NL franchise to Milwaukee, where they would play their home games at the new County Stadium. This was also the first regular season of the televised Major League Baseball Game of the Week, originally broadcast on ABC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070776-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Major League Baseball season\nThe New York Yankees won their fifth consecutive World Series championship, an MLB record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070777-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Malayan local elections\nThe local elections were held in the Federation of Malaya in 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 95]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070777-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Malayan local elections, Local councils election, Guntong\nGuntong local election was the second election to be held in the Kinta district. Guntong was divided into four wards with an electorate of 4,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 62], "content_span": [63, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070777-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Malayan local elections, Local councils election, Trengganu\nLocal council elections for 17 kampongs in five mukims in Trengganu were held in January 1953. The mukims are Pantai, Chalok, Guntong, Tasek and Ulu Situ.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 64], "content_span": [65, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070778-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Maldivian constitutional referendum\nA constitutional referendum was held in the Maldives in August 1953. The proposed amendments would result in the country becoming a sultanate again. This would reverse the outcome of a referendum the previous year, which resulted in the country becoming a republic. The 1953 referendum was held after the new republican government was overthrown after just a few months. The proposals were approved by voters, and Muhammad Fareed Didi was proclaimed as Sultan on 6 March 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070779-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Maltese general election\nGeneral elections were held in Malta between 12 and 14 December 1953. The Malta Labour Party emerged as the largest party, winning 19 of the 40 seats. However, the Nationalist Party formed a government with the Malta Workers Party on 9 January 1954 with Giorgio Bor\u0121 Olivier continuing as Prime Minister.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070779-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Maltese general election, Background\nThe Nationalist Party-Workers Party government led by Giorgio Bor\u0121 Olivier had been defeated in the Legislative Assembly vote on a budget motion on 9 October 1953. This led to the three Workers Party ministers resigning from the cabinet on 12 October. Following discussions with party leaders, the Assembly was dissolved by Governor Gerald Creasy on 15 October. Elections were called, and the Nationalist Party ministers remained in office as a caretaker government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070779-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Maltese general election, Background\nThe election was contested by five parties; the Nationalist Party, the Workers Party, the Malta Labour Party, the Constitutional Party and the Progressive Constitutionalist Party, and were held using the single transferable vote system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070780-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Manitoba general election\nThe 1953 Manitoba general election was held on June 8, 1953 to elect Members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Manitoba, Canada. The election produced a majority government for the Liberal-Progressive party led by Douglas Campbell. His party won thirty-two of fifty-seven seats although with but 39 percent of the vote overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070780-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Manitoba general election\nThis was the first election held in Manitoba after the breakup of a ten-year coalition government led by the Liberal-Progressives and Progressive Conservatives. The coalition, which began in 1940, was ended in 1950 when the Progressive Conservatives crossed to the opposition side.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070780-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Manitoba general election\nPrior to this election, Winnipeg's single at-large 10-member district was broken up into three four-member districts. This was to be the last provincial election in Manitoba to have multi-member districts and election by the single transferable vote. The new districts were named Winnipeg Centre, Winnipeg North and Winnipeg South, to elect four members each. St. Boniface elected two members through STV.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070780-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Manitoba general election\nThe other districts elected one MLA by instant runoff voting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 92]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070780-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Manitoba general election\nThe result of the election was a convincing victory for the Liberal-Progressive government of Premier Douglas Campbell, which won thirty-two of fifty-seven seats although with but 39 percent of the vote overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070780-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Manitoba general election\nThe Progressive Conservatives, led by Errick Willis, saw their representation in the legislature increase from nine to twelve members. This was a disappointing result for many in the party. Willis had been a prominent cabinet minister in the coalition government, and many questioned the sincerity of his new-found opposition to Campbell's ministry. The following year, he lost the leadership of the party to Dufferin Roblin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070780-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 Manitoba general election\nThe social democratic Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) suffered a disappointment under new leader Lloyd Stinson, falling from seven seats to five. Its 17 percent of the vote made it due about eight seats proportionally.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070780-0007-0000", "contents": "1953 Manitoba general election\nDuring the campaign, the Winnipeg Free Press newspaper devoted considerable attention to the return of the Social Credit Party in Manitoba. The party had not contested the previous provincial election, but was buoyed by the recent Social Credit victory in British Columbia and ran several candidates. The Free Press, which supported the Liberal-Progressives, and played up the threat of a Social Credit victory to rally popular support for the government. The actual threat posed by Social Credit was minimal: only two of its candidates were elected, although it did receive 13 percent of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 629]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070780-0008-0000", "contents": "1953 Manitoba general election\nThe Communist Labor-Progressive Party also won representation in the legislature, with party incumbent Bill Kardash taking one of the four constituency seats in Winnipeg North. This was the last time that a Communist candidate won election to the Manitoba legislature, or indeed to any provincial legislature in Canada.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070780-0009-0000", "contents": "1953 Manitoba general election\nTwo independent candidates were elected. Stephen Juba, the mayor of Winnipeg, was one of them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070780-0010-0000", "contents": "1953 Manitoba general election, Constituency results, Single-member constituencies\nFournier and Bloomfield were eliminated, and their votes were distributed as follows:  Wightman 837, Mackling 768. 600 votes were non-transferable.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 82], "content_span": [83, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070780-0011-0000", "contents": "1953 Manitoba general election, Constituency results, Single-member constituencies\nWyborn was eliminated, and his votes were distributed as follows: Lissaman 272, Creighton 138. 646 votes were non-transferable.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 82], "content_span": [83, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070780-0012-0000", "contents": "1953 Manitoba general election, Constituency results, Single-member constituencies\nJoseph H. Kacher entered the contest as an Independent Liberal-Progressive, but withdrew before election day. Anderson was subsequently elected on transfers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 82], "content_span": [83, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070780-0013-0000", "contents": "1953 Manitoba general election, Constituency results, Single-member constituencies\nBrown and Elliott were eliminated, and their votes were transferred as follows: Mitchell 239, Wilson 222. 614 votes were non-transferable.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 82], "content_span": [83, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070780-0014-0000", "contents": "1953 Manitoba general election, Constituency results, Single-member constituencies\nCharles was eliminated, and his votes were distributed as follows: Venables 123, Shuttleworth 88. 314 votes were non-transferable.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 82], "content_span": [83, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070780-0015-0000", "contents": "1953 Manitoba general election, Constituency results, Single-member constituencies\nHilgenga and Rempel were eliminated, and their votes were distributed as follows: Jarvis 207, McDowell 195. 637 votes were non-transferable.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 82], "content_span": [83, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070780-0016-0000", "contents": "1953 Manitoba general election, Constituency results, Single-member constituencies\nAlthough Melnyk ran as an independent, he was supported by the local Progressive Conservative association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 82], "content_span": [83, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070780-0017-0000", "contents": "1953 Manitoba general election, Constituency results, Single-member constituencies\nBoth Carson and Melnyk were eliminated after the first count. Paulley received 275 additional votes on transfers, while Bodie received 163. It is assumed that all of these transfers came from Melynk's total, and that Paulley was declared elected before Carson's ballots were scrutinized. For the purposes of this article, Carson's final vote total is listed under \"votes not transferred\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 82], "content_span": [83, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070780-0018-0000", "contents": "1953 Manitoba general election, Constituency results, Single-member constituencies\nSutherland was subsequently elected on transfers from Doherty. The Winnipeg Free Press of June 12, 1953, indicates that Sutherland had 2,160 votes on the second count.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 82], "content_span": [83, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070780-0019-0000", "contents": "1953 Manitoba general election, Constituency results, Single-member constituencies\nTinkler was eliminated, and his votes were distributed as follows: Shewman 432, Beaubien 58. 354 votes were not transferred.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 82], "content_span": [83, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070780-0020-0000", "contents": "1953 Manitoba general election, Constituency results, Single-member constituencies\nNelson was eliminated, and his votes were distributed as follows: McKinnon 342, Burch 257. 766 votes were not transferred.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 82], "content_span": [83, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070780-0021-0000", "contents": "1953 Manitoba general election, Constituency results, Single-member constituencies\nRempel was eliminated, and his votes were transferred as follows: Warren 200, Greenlay 94. 490 votes were non-transferable.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 82], "content_span": [83, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070780-0022-0000", "contents": "1953 Manitoba general election, Constituency results, Single-member constituencies\nFred Klym entered the contest as an Independent Liberal Progressive candidate, but withdrew before election day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 82], "content_span": [83, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070780-0023-0000", "contents": "1953 Manitoba general election, Constituency results, Single-member constituencies\nHalldorson was also supported by the St. George Progressive Conservative Association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 82], "content_span": [83, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070780-0024-0000", "contents": "1953 Manitoba general election, Constituency results, Single-member constituencies\nWatt was eliminated, and his votes were distributed as follows: Storsley 206, Lucko 128. 309 votes were not transferred.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 82], "content_span": [83, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070780-0025-0000", "contents": "1953 Manitoba general election, Constituency results, Single-member constituencies\nEric Bailey was nominated for the Social Credit Party, but withdrew before election day. Herman Scheel was nominated in his place, but also withdrew after discovering that some electors who had signed his nomination papers believed they were endorsing Bailey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 82], "content_span": [83, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070780-0026-0000", "contents": "1953 Manitoba general election, Constituency results, Multi-member constituencies, St. Boniface\nQuota (amount that ensures election but not necessary to be elected)   = 6,519", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 95], "content_span": [96, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070780-0027-0000", "contents": "1953 Manitoba general election, Constituency results, Multi-member constituencies, St. Boniface\nAt the end there were 3954 exhausted votes, votes that were no longer in play, either because there were no back-up preferences marked or because the candidates that were marked had already been eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 95], "content_span": [96, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070780-0028-0000", "contents": "1953 Manitoba general election, Constituency results, Multi-member constituencies, St. Boniface\nTwo Liberal-Progressive candidates were declared elected when the field of candidates narrowed through eliminations of lowest-ranking candidates to the point where these two were the last remaining candidates to fill the two seats, which had still not been filled by that point. Being the last ones remaining, they were elected even though they did not have quota.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 95], "content_span": [96, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070780-0029-0000", "contents": "1953 Manitoba general election, Constituency results, Multi-member constituencies, Winnipeg Centre\nThe surpluses of Swailes and Juba were not transferred, as they were too small to affect the final candidate order. Scott was declared elected to the fourth position, despite finishing below the quota.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 98], "content_span": [99, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070780-0030-0000", "contents": "1953 Manitoba general election, Constituency results, Multi-member constituencies, Winnipeg North\nKardash and Turk were declared elected to the third and fourth positions, even though both finished below the quota.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 97], "content_span": [98, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070780-0031-0000", "contents": "1953 Manitoba general election, Constituency results, Multi-member constituencies, Winnipeg South\nStinson's surplus of 146 was not transferred, as it would not have affected the candidate order.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 97], "content_span": [98, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070780-0032-0000", "contents": "1953 Manitoba general election, Constituency results, Deferred elections\nThe election in Rupertsland was deferred to July 6, due to the difficulties of enumeration in this vast northern constituency. The election in Ste. Rose was also deferred to July 6, after incumbent Liberal-Progressive candidate Maurice Dane MacCarthy died on the eve of the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 72], "content_span": [73, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070780-0033-0000", "contents": "1953 Manitoba general election, Constituency results, Deferred elections\nThe election did not technically end until July 21, 1953, when the final results for Rupertsland were announced.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 72], "content_span": [73, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070780-0034-0000", "contents": "1953 Manitoba general election, Constituency results, Deferred elections\nThe Progressive Conservatives initially nominated E.G. Perry, but he withdrew from the contest and endorsed Brown. Brown was declared elected following transfers from Abbott. The official Elections Manitoba report of this constituency lists Boulette as an official Liberal-Progressive candidate, but newspaper reports from the period indicate that he was an Independent Liberal-Progressive.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 72], "content_span": [73, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070780-0035-0000", "contents": "1953 Manitoba general election, Constituency results, Deferred elections\nPineau was eliminated, and his votes were transferred as follows: Molgat 192, Fletcher 83. 616 votes were not transferred.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 72], "content_span": [73, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070780-0036-0000", "contents": "1953 Manitoba general election, Sources\nResults for the first ballot counts for all constituencies are taken from the 1954 Canadian Parliamentary Guide, and from Election Manitoba's \"Historical Summaries\" (printed as an appendix to the 2003 election results).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070780-0037-0000", "contents": "1953 Manitoba general election, Sources\nThere are minor discrepancies between these sources for the Social Credit vote count in Brandon City, Manitou-Morden, Rockwood and Swan River. The sources also disagree as to the candidate order for Minnedosa on the first count (although both agree that Gilbert Hutton was subsequently elected). In each case, the \"Historical Summaries\" entry has been taken as more reliable.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070780-0038-0000", "contents": "1953 Manitoba general election, Sources\nAll results after the first ballot are taken from reports in the Winnipeg Free Press. This paper made an obvious error in reporting Lloyd Stinson's fifth-vote count, which has been corrected here. Other than this, the results for multi-member constituencies may be taken as accurate and verifiable. For the single-member constituencies, it possible that Free Press reports differed from the final results in some particulars.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 465]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070780-0039-0000", "contents": "1953 Manitoba general election, Post-election changes\nIvan Schultz (Mountain, LP) resigned his seat in the first half of 1955, while James O. Argue (Deloraine-Glenwood, PC) died in the same period. By-elections for both constituencies were held on June 27, 1955. The CCF concluded that it did not have a chance of victory in either seat, and declined to nominate candidates. Social Credit also planned to stay out of the elections, until Roger Poiron entered the Mountain poll without consulting the provincial party. Although not technically an official candidate, he still received support from the Social Credit organization.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 628]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070780-0040-0000", "contents": "1953 Manitoba general election, Post-election changes\nThe Winnipeg Free Press's coverage indicates that the Campbell government was concerned with the results of the 1955 by-elections. Mountain had previously been regarded as one of the safest Liberal-Progressive seats in the province, and Boulic's performance was unexpectedly strong. Many leading government figures had campaigned for Clark in the campaign's final days, to ensure his victory. Clark received most of his support from Mountain's Anglo-Saxon majority and large Flemish community, while Boulic did well among French Canadians, who made up about one third of the voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 636]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070780-0041-0000", "contents": "1953 Manitoba general election, Post-election changes\n[ Note: These figures are taken from the Winnipeg Free Press, with 31 of 32 polls reporting. The outstanding poll was too small to affect the final result.]", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070780-0042-0000", "contents": "1953 Manitoba general election, Post-election changes\nDauphin (William Bullmore left the Social Credit party in either 1957 or 1958)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070781-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Marquette Hilltoppers football team\nThe 1953 Marquette Hilltoppers football team was an American football team that represented Marquette University as an independent during the 1953 college football season. In its fourth season under head coach Lisle Blackbourn, the team compiled a 6\u20133\u20131 record and outscored all opponents by a total of 196 to 108. The team played its home games at Marquette Stadium in Milwaukee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070782-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Marshall Thundering Herd football team\nThe 1953 Marshall Thundering Herd football team was an American football team that represented Marshall University as an independent during the 1953 college football season. In its first season under head coach Herb Royer, the team compiled a 2\u20135\u20132 record and was outscored by a total of 180 to 109. John Chmara and Phil Milano were the team captains. The team played its home games at Fairfield Stadium in Huntington, West Virginia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070783-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Maryland Terrapins football team\nThe 1953 Maryland Terrapins football team represented the University of Maryland in the 1953 college football season in its first season as a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC). Maryland outscored its opponents 298\u201338 and recorded six defensive shutouts. Jim Tatum served as the head coach for the seventh year of his nine-year tenure. In the postseason, Maryland lost to Oklahoma in the 1954 Orange Bowl. The team was selected national champion by Associated Press, International News Service, and United Press International, leading to a consensus national champion designation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 629]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070784-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Masters Tournament\nThe 1953 Masters Tournament was the 17th Masters Tournament, held April 9\u201312 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070784-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Masters Tournament\nBen Hogan shattered the Masters scoring record by five strokes with a 274 (\u221214), which stood for 12 years, until Jack Nicklaus' 271 in 1965. Hogan shot four rounds of 70 or better, and went on to win the U.S. Open by six strokes in June and the British Open by four in July. Through 2020, it remains the only time these three majors were won in the same calendar year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070784-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Masters Tournament\nHogan, age forty, finished five strokes ahead of runner-up Ed Oliver to win his second Masters, the seventh of his nine major titles. This win was commemorated five years later in 1958 with the dedication of the Hogan Bridge over Rae's Creek at the par-3 12th hole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070784-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Masters Tournament\nHogan was the first Masters winner over age forty; a few months older than Hogan, Sam Snead won the next year at\u00a041.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070784-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Masters Tournament, Field\nJimmy Demaret (10), Claude Harmon (9), Ben Hogan (2,6,9,10), Byron Nelson (2,6,9), Henry Picard (6), Gene Sarazen (2,4,6), Horton Smith (10), Sam Snead (4,6,9,10), Craig Wood (2)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070784-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Masters Tournament, Field\nJulius Boros (9,10), Billy Burke, Olin Dutra (6), Chick Evans (3,a), Lloyd Mangrum (9,10), Fred McLeod, Cary Middlecoff (9,10,12), Sam Parks Jr., Lew Worsham (9,10)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070784-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 Masters Tournament, Field\nDick Chapman (5,a), Charles Coe (a), Skee Riegel (9), Jess Sweetser (5,a), Jack Westland (11,a)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070784-0007-0000", "contents": "1953 Masters Tournament, Field\nFrank Stranahan (9,a), Robert Sweeny Jr. (a), Harvie Ward (9,a)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070784-0008-0000", "contents": "1953 Masters Tournament, Field\nJim Ferrier (9), Vic Ghezzi, Bob Hamilton (12), Chandler Harper, Johnny Revolta (9), Jim Turnesa (12)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070784-0009-0000", "contents": "1953 Masters Tournament, Field\nAl Besselink, Arnold Blum (a), Tommy Bolt (10), Jack Burke Jr., George Fazio (10), Doug Ford (10), Fred Hawkins, Clayton Heafner, Joe Kirkwood Jr., Chuck Kocsis (a), Ted Kroll (10,12), Johnny Palmer", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070784-0010-0000", "contents": "1953 Masters Tournament, Field\nAl Brosch, Johnny Bulla, Clarence Doser (12), Leland Gibson, Chick Harbert (12), Jimmy Jackson (a), Milon Marusic, Dick Metz, Ed Oliver, Earl Stewart, Harry Todd, Felice Torza, Bill Trombley, Bo Wininger", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070784-0011-0000", "contents": "1953 Masters Tournament, Round summaries, Third round\nWith a 66 (\u22126), 1951 champion Ben Hogan set the 54-hole scoring record at 205 (\u221211).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 53], "content_span": [54, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070785-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Mauritian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Mauritius on 26 and 27 August 1953. The result was a victory for the Labour Party, which won 13 of the 19 elected seats on the Legislative Council. The twelve nominated members were appointed on 11 September. As had happened following the 1948 elections, the Governor-General Hilary Blood appointed twelve conservatives, largely to ensure the dominance of English and French speakers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070786-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Meath Intermediate Football Championship\nThe 1953 Meath Intermediate Football Championship is the 27th edition of the Meath GAA's premier club Gaelic football tournament for intermediate graded teams in County Meath, Ireland. The tournament consists of 12 teams. The championship format consists of a group stage before progressing to a knock-out stage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070786-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Meath Intermediate Football Championship\nAt the end of the season Carnaross, Castletown, Donore, Kilberry and Longwood applied to be regraded to the 1954 J.F.C.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070786-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Meath Intermediate Football Championship\nOn 19 July 1953, St. Vincent's claimed their 1st Intermediate championship title when they defeated Dunderry 2-7 to 1-3 in the final at Pairc Tailteann.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070786-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Meath Intermediate Football Championship, Team changes\nThe following teams have changed division since the 1952 championship season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 59], "content_span": [60, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070786-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Meath Intermediate Football Championship, Group stage\nThere are 2 groups called Group A and B. The top finisher in each group will qualify for the Final. Many results were unavailable in the Meath Chronicle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 58], "content_span": [59, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070787-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Meath Senior Football Championship\nThe 1953 Meath Senior Football Championship is the 61st edition of the Meath GAA's premier club Gaelic football tournament for senior graded teams in County Meath, Ireland. The tournament consists of 12 teams. The championship employs a group stage followed by a final between the group winners.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070787-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Meath Senior Football Championship\nThis was the first season in which the Keegan Cup (presented by the Syddan club after the death of Tom Keegan in 1942) was presented to the S.F.C. champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070787-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Meath Senior Football Championship\nThe championship had two divisional sides known as North Meath and South Meath, each composed of top players from Intermediate and Junior club players in their district.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070787-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Meath Senior Football Championship\nThis season saw St. Peter's Dunboyne's return to the top flight after claiming the 1952 Meath Intermediate Football Championship title. Slane also made their return to the grade after claiming the 1952 J.F.C. title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070787-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Meath Senior Football Championship\nSyddan were the defending champions after they defeated Skryne in the previous years final, however they lost their crown by failing to Navan O'Mahonys in a Final Play-Off.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070787-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Meath Senior Football Championship\nNavan O'Mahonys claimed their 1st ever S.F.C. title by defeating Trim in the final at Pairc Tailteann by 3-7 to 2-4 on 13 September 1953. Tony McCormack had the honor of being the first man to raise the Keegan Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070787-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 Meath Senior Football Championship\nAt the end of the season Slane were regraded to the 1954 I.F.C. From 1954 onwards the North and South Meath districts discontinued their representation in the Meath S.F.C.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070787-0007-0000", "contents": "1953 Meath Senior Football Championship, Team Changes\nThe following teams have changed division since the 1952 championship season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070787-0008-0000", "contents": "1953 Meath Senior Football Championship, Group Stage\nThere are two Groups called A and B. The two winners will proceed to the Final. Many results were unavailable in the Meath Chronicle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 52], "content_span": [53, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070788-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Mediterranean Sea mid-air collision\nOn 15 January 1953, a twin-engined Vickers Valetta transport aircraft of the Royal Air Force (RAF), serial number VX562, collided over the Mediterranean Sea with a four-engined RAF Avro Lancaster maritime patrol aircraft. All 26 people on board both aircraft were killed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070788-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Mediterranean Sea mid-air collision, Accident\nThe Valetta had departed RAF Luqa with 16 passengers (15 airmen and one Royal Navy (RN) sailor) on a return flight to the United Kingdom. Just before 05:00, the Valleta was between Pantelleria and Sicily when it collided with the Lancaster in poor visibility and heavy rain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 50], "content_span": [51, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070788-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Mediterranean Sea mid-air collision, Accident\nThe Lancaster from No. 38 Squadron RAF was following HMS\u00a0Gambia and other RN ships on an anti-submarine exercise. The seven crew on the Lancaster and all on board the Valetta were killed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 50], "content_span": [51, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070788-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Mediterranean Sea mid-air collision, Rescue and aftermath\nHMS Gambia and other ships were used to search the scene for survivors, but only wreckage was found. Later the destroyer HMS\u00a0Chieftain was dispatched to search east of Pantelleria after a note case belonging to one of the Lancaster crew was found, without success. The only body recovered was that of Sgt Victor Ronald Chandler RAF (age 32) who was buried in Imtarfa Military Cemetery in Malta.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 62], "content_span": [63, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070788-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Mediterranean Sea mid-air collision, Investigation\nThe court of inquiry decided that the weather conditions at the time were a factor with localized thunderstorms, heavy rain and hail and no blame could be attached to any individual. Evidence did reveal that although the Malta Flight Information Centre was not in possession of full information on the Lancaster's sortie, it was not a contributory cause.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 55], "content_span": [56, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070789-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Meistaradeildin\n1953 Meistaradeildin was the eleventh season of Meistaradeildin, the top tier of the Faroese football league system. The championship was contested in a league format, with four teams playing against each other twice. VB Vagur although initially registered for the league, withdrew without playing any games. K\u00cd Klaksv\u00edk won its fourth league title in the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070789-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Meistaradeildin, Teams\nSince there was no second tier league, all the teams that participated in the 1952 Meistaradeildin could participate in the league. VB Vagur withdrew from the league without playing a match. Two teams from T\u00f3rshavn, HB and B36, KI from Klaksv\u00edk and TB contested in the league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 27], "content_span": [28, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070790-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Memorial Cup\nThe 1953 Memorial Cup final was the 35th junior ice hockey championship of the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association. The George Richardson Memorial Trophy champions Barrie Flyers of the Ontario Hockey Association in Eastern Canada competed against the Abbott Cup champions St. Boniface Canadiens of the Manitoba Junior Hockey League in Western Canada. In a best-of-seven series, held at Shea's Amphitheatre in Winnipeg, Manitoba and the Wheat City Arena in Brandon, Manitoba, Barrie won their 2nd Memorial Cup, defeating Winnipeg 4 games to 1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070790-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Memorial Cup\nDuring game three of the 1953 Western Canada final, Leo Konyk scored an overtime game-winning goal for the St. Boniface Canadiens, then grabbed Fred Page who was refereeing, and began dancing with him at center ice. After the incident, Page implied that he did not like dancing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070790-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Memorial Cup, Winning roster\nOrin Carver, Don Cherry, George Cuculick, Marv Edwards, Bill Harrington, Jack Higgins, Tim Hook, John Martan, Don McKenney, Doug Mohns, Fred Pletsch, Tony Poeta, Jim Robertson, Ken Robertson, Skip Teal, Orval Tessier, Larry Thibault, Ralph Willis, Bob White. Coach: Hap Emms", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 33], "content_span": [34, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070791-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Memphis State Tigers football team\nThe 1953 Memphis State Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Memphis State College (now known as the University of Memphis) as an independent during the 1953 college football season. In their seventh season under head coach Ralph Hatley, Memphis State compiled a 6\u20134 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070792-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Men's British Open Squash Championship\nThe 1953 Open Championship was held at the Lansdowne Club in London from 25 March - 2 April. Hashim Khan won his third consecutive title defeating Roy Wilson in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070792-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Men's British Open Squash Championship\nAzam Khan the younger brother of Hashim Khan made his first appearance at the tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070793-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Menzengraben mining accident\nCoordinates: The Menzengraben mining accident was the explosion of a large pocket of carbon dioxide in a salt mine in Menzengraben, East Germany on 7 July 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070793-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Menzengraben mining accident\nDuring a planned, nightly explosives detonation in the mine, an unusually large pocket of pressurized carbon dioxide was suddenly released, resulting in the ejection of large blocks of salt through the mine shaft at very high velocities.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070793-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Menzengraben mining accident\nThe expanding gas as well as the blocks of salt demolished the building above the mine shaft, resulting in blocks of concrete being ejected as well.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070793-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Menzengraben mining accident\nThree died as a consequence, one from being hit by debris, two from asphyxiation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070794-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Mestaruussarja\nThe 1953 season was the twenty-third completed season of Finnish Football League Championship, known as the Mestaruussarja.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070794-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Mestaruussarja, Overview\nThe Mestaruussarja was administered by the Finnish Football Association and the competition's 1953 season was contested by 10 teams. VIFK Vaasa won the championship and the two lowest placed teams of the competition, VPS Vaasa and KaPa Kajaani, were relegated to the Suomensarja.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 29], "content_span": [30, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070795-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Miami Hurricanes football team\nThe 1953 Miami Hurricanes football team represented the University of Miami as an independent during the 1953 college football season. Led by sixth-year head coach Andy Gustafson, the Hurricanes played their home games at Burdine Stadium in Miami, Florida. Miami finished the season 4\u20135.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070796-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Miami Redskins football team\nThe 1953 Miami Redskins football team was an American football team that represented Miami University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1953 college football season. In its third season under head coach Ara Parseghian, Miami compiled a 7\u20131\u20131 record (3\u20130\u20131 against MAC opponents), finished in second place in the MAC, held eight of nine opponents to seven points or less, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 327 to 52.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070796-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Miami Redskins football team\nTom Pagna was the team captain. The team's statistical leaders included Tom Pagna with 706 rushing yards, Dick Hunter with 626 passing yards, and Jay Ansel with 184 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070797-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Michigan State Normal Hurons football team\nThe 1953 Michigan State Normal Hurons football team represented Michigan State Normal College (renamed Eastern Michigan College in 1956 and Eastern Michigan University in 1959) in the Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (IIAC) during the 1953 college football season. In their second season under head coach Fred Trosko, the Hurons compiled a 7\u20131\u20131 record (4\u20131\u20131 against IIAC opponents) and outscored their opponents, 212 to 105. Robert L. Boyd was the team captain. The team's statistical leaders included Bob Middlekauff with 675 yards of total offense, Tom Fagan with 388 rushing yards, and Nick Manych with seven touchdowns and 42 points. Boyd also received the team's most valuable player award.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 759]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070798-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Michigan State Spartans football team\nThe 1953 Michigan State Spartans football team represented Michigan State College in the 1953 Big Ten Conference football season. This was the Spartans' inaugural season in the Big Ten Conference and had them winning the league along with Illinois with a 5\u20131 record. They represented the Big Ten in the Rose Bowl, defeated UCLA, 28\u201320, and finished ranked third in both the AP and Coaches polls.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070799-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Michigan Wolverines baseball team\nThe 1953 Michigan Wolverines baseball team represented the University of Michigan in the 1953 NCAA baseball season. The Wolverines played their home games at Ferry Field. The team was coached by Ray Fisher in his 33rd season at Michigan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070799-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Michigan Wolverines baseball team\nThe Wolverines won the 1953 College World Series, defeating the Texas Longhorns in the championship game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070799-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Michigan Wolverines baseball team, Roster\nBack row: Daniel Cline, Don Eaddy, Marvin Wisnewski, Ray Pavichevich, Paul LepleyMiddle row: Jack Ritter, Richard Leach, Garabed Tadian, Paul Fancher, Robert Woschitz, Jack Corbett, Richard Yirkosky, Robert Margolin (manager)Front row: Bruce Haynam, Frank Howell, Ray Fisher (coach), Bill Mogk (captain), Gerald Harrington, Gil Sabuco, Bill Billings", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 46], "content_span": [47, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070800-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Michigan Wolverines football team\nThe 1953 Michigan Wolverines football team represented the University of Michigan in the 1953 Big Ten Conference football season. In its sixth year under head coach Bennie Oosterbaan, Michigan compiled a 6\u20133 record (3\u20133 against conference opponents), tied for fifth place in the Big Ten, outscored opponents by a combined total of 163 to 101, and was ranked No. 20 in the final AP Poll and No. 19 in the Coaches Polls.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070800-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Michigan Wolverines football team\nCenter Dick O'Shaughnessy was the team captain, and right halfback Tony Branoff received the team's most valuable player award. Two Michigan players received All-Big Ten honors: left end Bob Topp was selected by the Associated Press as a first-team player, and left halfback Ted Kress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070800-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Michigan Wolverines football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included quarterback Duncan McDonald with 293 passing yards, Tony Branoff with 501 rushing yards, and Bob Topp with 331 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070800-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Michigan Wolverines football team, Statistical leaders\nMichigan's individual statistical leaders for the 1953 season include those listed below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 59], "content_span": [60, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070800-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Michigan Wolverines football team, Personnel, Letter winners\nThe following 31 players received varsity letters for their participation on the 1953 team. Players who started at least four games are shown with their names in bold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 65], "content_span": [66, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070800-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Michigan Wolverines football team, Personnel, Coaches and staff\nMichigan's 1953 coaching, training, and support staff included the following persons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 68], "content_span": [69, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070800-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 Michigan Wolverines football team, Awards and honors\nHonors and awards for the 1953 season went to the following individuals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 57], "content_span": [58, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070801-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Milan\u2013San Remo\nThe 1953 Milan\u2013San Remo was the 44th edition of the Milan\u2013San Remo cycle race and was held on 19 March 1953. The race started in Milan and finished in San Remo. The race was won by Loretto Petrucci.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070802-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Mille Miglia\nThe 1953 Mille Miglia, was the second round of the 1953 F.I.A. World Sportscar Championship and was held on the open-road of Italy, on 26 April 1953. The route was based on a round trip between Brescia and Rome, with start/finish, in Brescia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070802-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Mille Miglia\nA total of 577 cars were entered 1953 running of the Mille Miglia, across eight classes based on engine sizes, ranging from up to 750\u00a0cc to over 2.0 litre, for both Touring Cars and Sport Cars. Of these, 490 cars started the event. The smaller displacement, slower cars started first, with each car number related to their allocated start time. For example Juan-Manuel Fangio\u2019s car had the number 602, he left Brescia at 6:02\u00a0am, while the first cars had started late in the evening on the previous day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070802-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Mille Miglia, Report, Entry\nThe works S. P. A. Alfa Romeo entered in force with three new cars, the Alfa Romeo 6C 3000 Competizione Maggiorata to be driven by Fangio, Karl Kling, and Consalvo Sanesi. Scuderia Lancia had assembled a veteran team, consisting of Piero Taruffi, four-time winner Clemente Biondetti, Umberto Maglioli, Felice Bonetto and Franco Bornigia with the first four driving their D20 2900. Ferrari for their part arrived with four 300\u00a0bhp 4.1 litre, Ferrari 340 MM Spyder Vignale for Luigi Villoresi, Giuseppe Farina, Giannino Marzotto and the American racer Tom Cole. For 1953, the Mille Miglia was a round of the new World Sports Car Championship, the home teams faced strong challengers. From Great Britain, came Aston Martin and Jaguar, and France sent Gordini.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 32], "content_span": [33, 789]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070802-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Mille Miglia, Report, Race\nThe race started at 22:01 on 25 April, when P.J. Darquier departed Brescia in his Renault 4CV/1063. The faster car would leave the following morning, when conditions were warm and dry. After nine and half hours, all the cars were on their way to Rome.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070802-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Mille Miglia, Report, Race\nThe Alfas took the early lead, with Sanesi controlling the pace, averaging 113\u00a0mph, on the leg to Verona, but his drive ended with an accident on the road to Rome. The Ferrari of Farina had crashed out, and Kling assumed the lead, only to retire from an accident himself.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070802-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Mille Miglia, Report, Race\nJust past Siena, Marzotto remembered that the Ferrari mechanics did not change his engine oil at the last control point, as they were unable to open the bonnet. After making a U-turn, he raced back to Siena, where his mechanics cut a hole in the bonnet, directly over the engines oil filler cap, and topped the oil up accordingly. Meanwhile, Fangio\u2019s Alfa was now leading, but surrender to the chasing Marzotto when his steering started to play up along with fading brakes. Although Marzotto suffered two minor crashes, he took it all the way to Brescia, to win his second Mille Miglia, repeating his success of 1950. In second place with a remarkable drive was Fangio. For most of the return leg, his Alfa had effective steering on one front wheel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 781]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070802-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 Mille Miglia, Report, Race\nMarzotto, partner by his navigator, Marco Crosara, won in a time of 10hr 37:19mins ., averaging a speed of 88.96\u00a0mph. 11:44mins adrift in second place was Alfa Romeo 6C 3000 CM of Fangio. The third different car on the podium was the Lancia of Bonetto. Another Ferrari  came home in fourth, driven by Cole. The top Aston Martin was fifth in the hands of Reg Parnell. Apart from Aston Martin\u2019s fifth place, the other foreign challenges faded away. Belgian journalist, Paul Fr\u00e8re won the unlimited touring class in an unlikely 5.3-litre Chrysler Saratoga saloon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 592]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070802-0007-0000", "contents": "1953 Mille Miglia, Report, Race\nThe race had dramatic farce. Film director, Roberto Rossellini drove a Ferrari. Having recently married film star Ingrid Bergman, he raced against her wishes. At Rome, she flung herself across the car and refused to move until he agreed to withdraw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070802-0008-0000", "contents": "1953 Mille Miglia, Report, Race\nThe event was marred by the fatal accident, which cost the French navigator, Pierre-Gilbert Ugnon his life when Luc Descollanges crashed his Jaguar C-Type.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070802-0009-0000", "contents": "1953 Mille Miglia, Classification, Mille Miglia\nOf the 490 starters, 283 were classified as finishers. Therefore, only a selection of notably racers has been listed below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 47], "content_span": [48, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070802-0010-0000", "contents": "1953 Mille Miglia, Standings after the race\nChampionship points were awarded for the first six places in each race in the order of 8-6-4-3-2-1. Manufacturers were only awarded points for their highest finishing car with no points awarded for positions filled by additional cars. Only the best 4 results out of the 7 races could be retained by each manufacturer. Points earned but not counted towards the championship totals are listed within brackets in the above table.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 43], "content_span": [44, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070803-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Milwaukee Braves season\nThe 1953 Milwaukee Braves season was the 83rd season of the franchise. It saw the return of Major League Baseball to Milwaukee for the first time since 1901, when the original Milwaukee Brewers played before moving to St. Louis and becoming the Browns. With attendance and interest in Boston very low, team owner Lou Perini moved the team to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, during spring training, just weeks before the start of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070803-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Milwaukee Braves season\nIn their first season in the Badger State, the Braves finished in second place in the National League standings, with a 92\u201362 (.597) record, thirteen games behind the NL Champion Brooklyn Dodgers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070803-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Milwaukee Braves season\nAt the new County Stadium, the Braves drew a then-NL record 1.82 million fans. The previous year in Boston, the home attendance for the season was under 282,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070803-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Milwaukee Braves season, Regular season, Opening game\nThe Braves moved from Boston to Milwaukee on March 18, 1953, less than four weeks before the start of the regular season, causing the National League to quickly realign its 1953 schedule. Before 1953, the NL was divided into four Eastern teams (Boston, Brooklyn, New York, Philadelphia) and four \"Western\" ones (Chicago, Cincinnati, Pittsburgh, St. Louis). With the Milwaukee Braves now a Western club, they exchanged 1953 schedules with the Pittsburgh Pirates, and opened their season on the road against the Cincinnati Redlegs in the traditional NL opener at Crosley Field on Monday, April 13.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 58], "content_span": [59, 654]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070803-0003-0001", "contents": "1953 Milwaukee Braves season, Regular season, Opening game\nBraves' starting pitcher Max Surkont threw a three-hit shutout, however, and Sid Gordon and Jack Dittmer drove in the only runs of the day, as Milwaukee triumphed, 2\u20130. The following day, April 14, they opened at home before 34,357 fans, and in ten innings they defeated the St. Louis Cardinals at Milwaukee County Stadium, 3\u20132. Warren Spahn earned the complete game victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 58], "content_span": [59, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070803-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Milwaukee Braves season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 73], "content_span": [74, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070803-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Milwaukee Braves season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070803-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 Milwaukee Braves season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070803-0007-0000", "contents": "1953 Milwaukee Braves season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 68], "content_span": [69, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070803-0008-0000", "contents": "1953 Milwaukee Braves season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 69], "content_span": [70, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070804-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Milwaukee brewery strike\nThe 1953 Milwaukee brewery strike was a labor strike that involved approximately 7,100 workers at six breweries in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States. The strike began on May 14 of that year after the Brewery Workers Local 9 and an employers' organization representing six Milwaukee-based brewing companies failed to agree to new labor contracts. These contracts would have increased the workers' wages and decreased their working hours, making them more comparable to the labor contracts of brewery workers elsewhere in the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070804-0000-0001", "contents": "1953 Milwaukee brewery strike\nThe strike ended in late July, after the Valentin Blatz Brewing Company (one of the smaller companies in the organization) broke with the other breweries and began negotiating with the union. The other companies soon followed suit and the strike officially ended on July 29, with union members voting to accept new contracts that addressed many of their initial concerns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070804-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Milwaukee brewery strike, Background\nThe city of Milwaukee has a long history pertaining to the brewing industry and has been the home for numerous major breweries. In the early 1950s, the Milwaukee-based Joseph Schlitz Brewing Company was the largest brewer in the world and in 1952 it set a world record by churning out 6.35 million barrels of beer in one year. Several years prior, in 1946, the Brewery Workers (the national labor union representing brewery workers) became affiliated with the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070804-0001-0001", "contents": "1953 Milwaukee brewery strike, Background\nThe Local union representing workers in Milwaukee, Local 9, traced its history back to the late 1800s and was one of the most powerful unions in Wisconsin. On May 1, 1953, the labor contract between Local 9 members and Milwaukee brewers (represented by a joint bargaining committee) was set to expire. Subsequently, Local 9 representatives submitted a new proposed contract, with items in the proposal included a $0.25 per hour wage increase, a reduction in working hours from 40 to 35 per week, additional holidays, and improvements to pension and health plans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 604]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070804-0001-0002", "contents": "1953 Milwaukee brewery strike, Background\nThese provisions were designed to put Milwaukee brewery workers on equal pay and hours as workers on the West Coast and East Coast of the United States. Additionally, the union wanted to raise the weekly salary for workers in the bottling and brewing departments from $80 and $82, respectively, to $90.75.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070804-0001-0003", "contents": "1953 Milwaukee brewery strike, Background\nAt the time, the base hourly pay for Milwaukee brewery workers was $2. John Schmitt, the local's recording secretary, stated that the reduced number of hours was due to increased productivity from advancements in machinery, with a Chicago Daily Tribune article at the time reporting him as saying \"there are not 12 months of work for our people any more.\" Finally, on May 14, 1953, after months of discussions that resulted in no agreement between the union and companies, approximately 7,100 members of Local 9 from 6 breweries performed a walkout, beginning a labor strike against the breweries. According to a later report by the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, the union members had \"voted overwhelmingly\" to strike.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 758]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070804-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Milwaukee brewery strike, Background\nThe strike affected six brewing companies in Milwaukee: Schlitz, A. Gettelman Brewing Company, Independent Milwaukee Brewery, Miller Brewing Company, Pabst Brewing Company, and the Valentin Blatz Brewing Company.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070804-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Milwaukee brewery strike, Course of the strike\nWhile the strike shut down brewing throughout the city, many bars and other drinking establishments in Milwaukee had a stockpile of beer, avoiding a potential shortage early on. On June 1, despite making no concessions to Milwaukee employees regarding working hours, Schlitz offered workers at a brewery in Brooklyn a reduction in weekly hours from 37.5 to 35 and a pay increase of $0.66 per hour more than the base pay rate in Milwaukee. This action increased solidarity among the Milwaukee strikers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 51], "content_span": [52, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070804-0003-0001", "contents": "1953 Milwaukee brewery strike, Course of the strike\nAs the strike continued into June, drinking establishments in Milwaukee began importing beer from different breweries brewed in places outside of Milwaukee, such as Peru, Indiana. On June 26, Local 9 members voted 6,274 to 348 to reject a $0.15 hourly wage increase that had been offered by the breweries. At the time, the brewing companies were beginning to hurt financially due to the strike. While Pabst and Schlitz had breweries in other locations, the other companies only operated breweries in Milwaukee, causing them to be more greatly affected by the strike.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 51], "content_span": [52, 618]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070804-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Milwaukee brewery strike, Course of the strike\nIn late July, Blatz, whose only breweries were in Milwaukee, broke with the other brewing companies and began to negotiate directly with Local 9 regarding a contract. Following this, the other companies followed suit and began to negotiate. With Blatz having already secured an agreement with the union, the other companies were forced to accept the terms of the Blatz agreement, which included an hourly wage increase, two additional holidays, improvements to the life insurance and pension plans, and a 30 minute paid lunch, among other things. In total, the strike lasted 76 days, ending on July 29. On that day, union members voted approximately 3 to 1 to accept new labor contracts with the 6 brewing companies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 51], "content_span": [52, 768]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070804-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Milwaukee brewery strike, Aftermath\nFollowing the strike, Blatz was removed from the association representing the Milwaukee brewers for their \"unethical\" actions during the strike. At the 1953 Schlitz company Christmas party, Schlitz president Erwin C. Uihlein said the following regarding the strike:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 40], "content_span": [41, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070804-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 Milwaukee brewery strike, Aftermath\nIrreparable harm was done to the Milwaukee brewing industry during the 76-day strike of 1953, and unemployed brewery workers must endure \"continued suffering\" before the prestige of Milwaukee beer is re-established on the world market.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 40], "content_span": [41, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070804-0007-0000", "contents": "1953 Milwaukee brewery strike, Aftermath\nThe strike contributed to Schlitz's rival Anheuser-Busch (based in St. Louis) overtaking them in 1953 as the country's largest brewing company. Both Anheuser-Busch and Schlitz competed for the top spot throughout the 1950s, and Schlitz had held it in the two years prior to the strike. However, in the years following the strike, Schlitz would rebound and continue to grow, acquiring numerous smaller brewing companies during the 1960s. They again held the top spot between 1955 and 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 40], "content_span": [41, 529]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070805-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team\nThe 1953 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team represented the University of Minnesota in the 1953 Big Ten Conference football season. In their third year under head coach Wes Fesler, the Golden Gophers compiled a 4\u20134\u20131 record and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 160 to 150.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070805-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team\nHalfback Paul Giel was named an All-American by the Associated Press, FWAA, Look Magazine, Walter Camp Football Foundation and American Football Coaches Association. Giel received Chicago Tribune Silver Football, awarded to the most valuable player of the Big Ten. Giel was named All-Big Ten first team. Giel finished second in voting for the Heisman Trophy, receiving the most points for a player not to win the award.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070805-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team\nTotal attendance for the season was 293,313, which averaged to 58,662. The season high for attendance was against Michigan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070806-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Mississippi Southern Southerners football team\nThe 1953 Mississippi Southern Southerners football team represented Mississippi Southern College (now known as the University of Southern Mississippi) in the 1953 college football season. The team played in the Sun Bowl against Texas Western. The Southerners compiled a 9\u20132 record, and outscored their opponents 280 to 122. They were ranked for three weeks in the AP poll, and defeated a top 5 Alabama team that won the SEC to begin the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 496]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070807-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Mississippi State Maroons football team\nThe 1953 Mississippi State Maroons football team represented Mississippi State College during the 1953 college football season. This would be the last season for head coach Murray Warmath, who was hired by Minnesota after the season, and for quarterback Jackie Parker, who went on to have along career in the CFL. Parker would win his second SEC \"Player of the Year\" award by the Nashville Banner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070808-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Missouri Tigers football team\nThe 1953 Missouri Tigers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Missouri in the Big Seven Conference (Big 7) during the 1953 college football season. The team compiled a 6\u20134 record (4\u20132 against Big 7 opponents), finished in a tie for second place in the Big 7, and outscored its opponents by a combined total of 130 to 116. Don Faurot was the head coach for the 16th of 19 seasons. The team played its home games at Memorial Stadium in Columbia, Missouri.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070808-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Missouri Tigers football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Robert Bauman with 405 rushing yards, Vic Eaton with 364 passing yards and 683 yards of total offense, Elmer Corpeny with 179 receiving yards, and Bob Schoonmaker with 36 points scored.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070809-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Montana Grizzlies football team\nThe 1953 Montana Grizzlies football team represented the University of Montana in the 1953 college football season as a member of the Skyline Conference. The Grizzlies were led by second-year head coach Ed Chinske, played their home games at Dornblaser Field and finished the season with a record of three wins and five losses (3\u20135, 2\u20134 Skyline).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070810-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Montana State Bobcats football team\nThe 1953 Montana State Bobcats football team was an American football team that represented Montana State University in the Rocky Mountain Conference (RMC) during the 1953 college football season. In its second season under head coach Tony Storti, the team compiled a 4\u20134 record (4\u20131 against conference opponents) and finished second out of six teams in the RMC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070811-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Montenegrin Republic League\nThe 1953 Montenegrin Republic League was 8th season of Montenegrin Republic League. Season began in March 1953 and ended in June same year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070811-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Montenegrin Republic League, Season\nJust like in previous season, Yugoslav First League was the only league competition on Federal level. So, Montenegrin Republic League was once again second-tier competition. As there was no any Montenegrin representative in the First League, all the strongest sides played in Republic League. Members of 1953 Montenegrin Republic League were Budu\u0107nost, Sutjeska, Lov\u0107en, Radni\u010dki Ivangrad, Iskra, Bokelj, Arsenal and Mornar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 40], "content_span": [41, 465]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070811-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Montenegrin Republic League, Season, Qualifiers\nWhile seven members placed directly, Mornar gained participation in 1953 season through qualifiers. Below are the results of qualifying rounds. Round one: Gor\u0161tak - Breznik 3-0; Jedinstvo - Boke\u0161ka pobuna 3-0. Semifinals: Jedinstvo - Mornar 2-4; Gor\u0161tak - Mladost 0-3. Qualifier finals: Mladost - Mornar 1-1, 0-5.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 52], "content_span": [53, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070811-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Montenegrin Republic League, Season, Championship\nDuring the eighth edition of Montenegrin Republic League, four teams struggled for the title - Budu\u0107nost, Lov\u0107en, Radni\u010dki and Sutjeska. But, title race between Budu\u0107nost and Lov\u0107en lasted until the final leg. With an away win against Arsenal (2-0), Budu\u0107nost gained the trophy which provided them another performance in the qualifiers for Yugoslav First League. From the other side, as a runner-up, Lov\u0107en played in the qualifiers for Yugoslav Second League. During the season, Budu\u0107nost made a record win in club's history - at an away game against Iskra (13-1). Another double count of goals on one game made Lov\u0107en against Arsenal (11-0). Season was also remembered by new editions of Montenegrin Derby with thousands of guest supporters on the stands of stadiums in Titograd and Nik\u0161i\u0107.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 54], "content_span": [55, 846]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070811-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Montenegrin Republic League, Season, Championship, Results\nBudu\u0107nost finished season with two defeats. Most goals (14) was seen on the game Iskra - Budu\u0107nost (1-13).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 63], "content_span": [64, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070811-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Montenegrin Republic League, Season, Qualifiers for Yugoslav First League\nIn the qualifiers for First League, Budu\u0107nost played against champions of Republic Leagues of SR Serbia (Radni\u010dki Beograd and SR Macedonia (Rabotni\u010dki Skopje. After four games, Budu\u0107nost was a last-placed team with one point. So, Budu\u0107nost failed to make a comeback to Yugoslav First League, but they became a member of restored competition in Yugoslav Second League. Season 1953 was the last one which Budu\u0107nost spent in Montenegrin Republic League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 78], "content_span": [79, 529]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070811-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 Montenegrin Republic League, Season, Qualifiers for Yugoslav Second League\nIn the qualifiers for Second League, Lov\u0107en played against representatives of Republic Leagues of SR Serbia (Ma\u010dva \u0160abac and Napredak Kru\u0161evac) and SR Macedonia (Rabotnik Bitola. After six games, Lov\u0107en finished as a second-placed team in the group, which meant promotion to Yugoslav Second League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 79], "content_span": [80, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070812-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Motocross European Championship\nThe 1953 Motocross European Championship was the 2nd edition of the Motocross European Championship organized by the FIM and reserved for 500cc motorcycles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070812-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Motocross European Championship\nSince 1957 this championship has then become the current Motocross World Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070812-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Motocross European Championship\nIt should not be confused with the European Motocross Championship, now organized by the FIM Europe, whose first edition was held in 1988.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070812-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Motocross European Championship, Final standings\nFrom April to August 7 grand prix were held which awarded points to the first six classified, respectively: 8, 6, 4, 3, 2, 1. The score in the final classification of each rider was calculated on the best four results.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 53], "content_span": [54, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070813-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 NAIA Men's Basketball Tournament\nThe 1953 NAIA Men's Basketball Tournament was held in March at Municipal Auditorium in Kansas City, Missouri. The 16th annual NAIA basketball tournament featured 32 teams playing in a single-elimination format. The championship game would feature Southwest Missouri State University, now Missouri State University, and Hamline University (Minn.) (10th appearance in tournament). The Bears were coached by Bob Vanatta. The championship game was the first time that these two teams had ever met in the tournament. The Bears would defeat the Pipers to win another national championship by the score of 79 to 71. It was the first time since 1937 and 1938, the first two years of the tournament, that the same team would win the national championship title. (The first two tournaments were also won by a Missouri university, Central Missouri State University.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 893]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070813-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 NAIA Men's Basketball Tournament\nPlaying for 3rd place was Indiana State University and East Texas State University, now Texas A&M University\u2013Commerce. It was the first time that these two teams had played each other. The Sycamores defeated the Lions by a score of 74 to 71.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070813-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 NAIA Men's Basketball Tournament\nThe 1953 tournament would be Hamline University's first, and only, 2nd place title as well as Indiana State University's first, and only, 3rd place title. Making them the first two schools to win, outright, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th places in the NAIA tournament (Georgetown (Ky.) the only other school to have that honor).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070813-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 NAIA Men's Basketball Tournament\nIt is the last year without the Coach of the Year Award. 1953 is the first tournament to feature a Nazarene University (Pasadena (Calif.), now Point Loma Nazarene University). Perennial staples to the tournament, only a handful of years have been absence of a Nazarene University playing. There were two games in which all-time top performances would be recorded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070813-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 NAIA Men's Basketball Tournament, Awards and honors\nMany of the records set by the 1953 tournament have been broken, and many of the awards were established much later:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 56], "content_span": [57, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070813-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 NAIA Men's Basketball Tournament, 1953 NAIA bracket, 3rd place game\nThe third place game featured the losing teams from the national semifinalist to determine 3rd and 4th places in the tournament. This game was played until 1988.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 72], "content_span": [73, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070814-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 NASCAR Grand National Series\nThe 1953 NASCAR Grand National Series began on February 1 and ended on November 1. Future NASCAR Hall of Fame driver Herb Thomas, driving his own No. 92 Hudson Hornet, won the championship and became the first repeat champion of the series. It is also the season with the most one-off races. 9 of the 37 races took place on racetracks that only held a cup race in the 1953 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070814-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1953-01\nThe first race of the 1953 season was run on February 1 at the Palm Beach Speedway in West Palm Beach, Florida. Dick Rathmann won the pole position.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070814-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1953-02\nThe second race of the 1953 season was run on February 15 at the Daytona Beach Road Course in Daytona Beach, Florida. Bob Pronger won the pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070814-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1953-03\nThe third race of the 1953 season was run on March 8 at Harnett Speedway in Spring Lake, North Carolina. Herb Thomas won the pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070814-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, Wilkes County 200\nThe fourth race of the season was run on March 29 at North Wilkesboro Speedway in North Wilkesboro, North Carolina. Herb Thomas won the pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 68], "content_span": [69, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070814-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1953-05\nThe fifth race of the season was run on April 5 at Charlotte Speedway in Charlotte, North Carolina. Tim Flock won the pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070814-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1953-05\nThis race stands as Passwater\u2019s lone win out of 20 starts from 1952-53.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070814-0007-0000", "contents": "1953 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, Richmond 200\nThe sixth race of the season was run on April 19 at the Atlantic Rural Exposition Fairgrounds in Richmond, Virginia. Buck Baker won the pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 63], "content_span": [64, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070814-0008-0000", "contents": "1953 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1953-07\nThe seventh race of the season was run on April 26 at Central City Speedway in Macon, Georgia. Dick Rathmann won the pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070814-0009-0000", "contents": "1953 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1953-08\nThe eighth race of the season was run on May 3 at Langhorne Speedway in Langhorne, Pennsylvania. Tim Flock captured the pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070814-0010-0000", "contents": "1953 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1953-09\nThe ninth race of the season was run on May 9 at Columbia Speedway in Columbia, South Carolina. Herb Thomas won the pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070814-0011-0000", "contents": "1953 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1953-10\nThe tenth race of the season was run on May 16 at Hickory Speedway in Hickory, North Carolina. Herb Thomas won the pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070814-0012-0000", "contents": "1953 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1953-11\nThe eleventh race of the season was run on May 17 at Martinsville Speedway in Martinsville, Virginia. Joe Eubanks won the pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070814-0013-0000", "contents": "1953 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1953-12\nThe twelfth race of the season was run on May 24 at Powell Motor Speedway in Columbus, Ohio. Fonty Flock captured the pole position for the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070814-0014-0000", "contents": "1953 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, Raleigh 300\nThe thirteenth race of the season was run on May 30 at Raleigh Speedway in Raleigh, North Carolina. Slick Smith won the pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 62], "content_span": [63, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070814-0015-0000", "contents": "1953 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1953-14\nThe fourteenth race of the season was run on June 7 at the Louisiana Fairgrounds in Shreveport, Louisiana. Herb Thomas won the pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070814-0016-0000", "contents": "1953 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1953-15\nThe fifteen race of the season was run on June 14 at Five Flags Speedway in Pensacola, Florida. Dick Rathmann won the pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070814-0017-0000", "contents": "1953 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, International 200\nThe sixteenth race of the season was run on June 21 at Langhorne Speedway in Langhorne, Pennsylvania. Lloyd Shaw won the pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 68], "content_span": [69, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070814-0018-0000", "contents": "1953 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1953-17\nThe seventeenth race of the season was run on June 26 at Tri-City Speedway in High Point, North Carolina. Herb Thomas won the pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070814-0019-0000", "contents": "1953 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1953-18\nThe eighteenth race of the season was run on June 28 at Wilson Speedway in Wilson, North Carolina. Buck Baker earned the pole position for the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070814-0020-0000", "contents": "1953 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1953-19\nThe nineteenth race of the season was run on July 3 at the Monroe County Fairgrounds in Rochester, New York. Tim Flock won the pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070814-0021-0000", "contents": "1953 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1953-20\nThe twentieth race of the season was run on July 4 at the Piedmont Interstate Fairgrounds in Spartanburg, South Carolina. Buck Baker won the pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070814-0022-0000", "contents": "1953 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1953-21\nThe twenty-first race of the season was run on July 10 at Morristown Speedway in Morristown, New Jersey. Herb Thomas won the pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070814-0023-0000", "contents": "1953 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1953-22\nThe twenty-second race of the season was run on July 12 at Lakewood Speedway in Atlanta, Georgia. Herb Thomas won the pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070814-0024-0000", "contents": "1953 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1953-23\nThe twenty-third race of the season was run on July 22 at Rapid Valley Speedway in Rapid City, South Dakota. Herb Thomas captured the pole for the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070814-0025-0000", "contents": "1953 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1953-24\nThe twenty-fourth race of the season was run on July 26 at the Lincoln City Fairgrounds in North Platte, Nebraska. Herb Thomas won the pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070814-0026-0000", "contents": "1953 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1953-25\nThe twenty-fifth race of the season was run on August 2 at Davenport Speedway in Davenport, Iowa. Buck Baker won the pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070814-0027-0000", "contents": "1953 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1953-26\nThe twenty-sixth race of the season was run on August 9 at Occoneechee Speedway in Hillsboro, North Carolina. Curtis Turner won the pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070814-0028-0000", "contents": "1953 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1953-27\nThe twenty-seventh race of the season was run on August 16 at Asheville-Weaverville Speedway in Weaverville, North Carolina. Curtis Turner won the pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070814-0029-0000", "contents": "1953 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1953-28\nThe twenty-eighth race of the season was run on August 23 at Princess Anne Speedway in Norfolk, Virginia. Curtis Turner captured the pole position.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070814-0030-0000", "contents": "1953 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1953-29\nThe twenty-ninth race of the season was run on August 29 at Hickory Speedway in Hickory, North Carolina. Tim Flock won the pole. This was the first Grand National race for the 1961 and 1965 champion and future NASCAR Hall of Fame member Ned Jarrett. He finished 11th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070814-0031-0000", "contents": "1953 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, Southern 500\nThe thirtieth race of the season was run on September 7 at Darlington Raceway in Darlington, South Carolina. Fonty Flock won the pole. Buck Baker won the event by three laps. This race also marked the first Grand National race for future NASCAR Hall of Fame member Junior Johnson. Johnson finished 38th after being involved in a wreck.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 63], "content_span": [64, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070814-0032-0000", "contents": "1953 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1953-31\nThe thirty-first race of the season was run on September 13 at Central City Speedway in Macon, Georgia. Joe Eubanks won the pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070814-0033-0000", "contents": "1953 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1953-31\n\u2022 This was the first of twenty victories for Thompson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070814-0034-0000", "contents": "1953 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1953-32\nThe thirty-second race of the season was run on September 20 at Langhorne Speedway in Langhorne, Pennsylvania. Herb Thomas won the pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070814-0035-0000", "contents": "1953 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1953-33\nThe thirty-third race of the season was run on October 3 at the Bloomsburg Fairgrounds in Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania. Jim Paschal won the pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070814-0036-0000", "contents": "1953 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1953-34\nThe thirty-fourth race of the season was run on October 4 at Wilson Speedway in Wilson, North Carolina. Herb Thomas won the pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070814-0037-0000", "contents": "1953 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, Wilkes 160\nThe thirty-fifth race of the season was run on October 11 at North Wilkesboro Speedway in North Wilkesboro, North Carolina. Buck Baker won the pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 61], "content_span": [62, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070814-0038-0000", "contents": "1953 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1953-36\nThe thirty-sixth race of the season was run on October 13 at Martinsville Speedway in Martinsville, Virginia. Fonty Flock won the pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070814-0039-0000", "contents": "1953 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1953-36\n\u2022Pascal\u2019s win was the first of 25 wins over a 23 year career.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070814-0040-0000", "contents": "1953 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1953-37\nThe thirty-seventh and final race of the season was run on November 1 at Lakewood Speedway in Atlanta, Georgia. Tim Flock started on the pole but finished 20th due to an overheating problem. Herb Thomas, the 1953 champion, finished 14th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070815-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 NASCAR Speedway Division\nThe 1953 NASCAR Speedway Division consisted of three races, beginning in Greensboro, North Carolina on June 12 and concluding in Fayetteville, North Carolina on June 28. There were also two non-championship events. The season champion was Pete Allen. This was the final season of the NASCAR Speedway Division. Every driver was American racecar driver and every race in the USA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070816-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 NBA All-Star Game\nThe 1953 NBA All-Star Game was an exhibition basketball game played on January 13, 1953, at Allen County War Memorial Coliseum in Fort Wayne, Indiana, home of the Fort Wayne Pistons. The game was the third edition of the National Basketball Association (NBA) All-Star Game and was played during the 1952\u201353 NBA season. The Western All-Stars team defeated the Eastern All-Stars team 79\u201375. This was the West's first ever win over the East. Minneapolis Lakers' George Mikan, who led the West with 22 points and 16 rebounds, was named as the All-Star Game Most Valuable Player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 597]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070816-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 NBA All-Star Game, Roster\nThe players for the All-Star Game were chosen by sports writers in several cities. They were not allowed to select players from their own cities. Players were selected without regard to position. Ten players from each Division were selected to represent the Eastern and Western Division in the All-Star Game. However, Fred Scolari suffered an injury and was unable to participate in the game; one other player was added to the roster. Eight players from the previous year's Western All-Stars roster returned, while only five players from the previous year's Eastern All-Stars roster returned.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 623]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070816-0001-0001", "contents": "1953 NBA All-Star Game, Roster\nEight players, Don Barksdale, Carl Braun, Billy Gabor, Mel Hutchins, Neil Johnston, Slater Martin, Paul Seymour and Bill Sharman, were selected for the first time. Barksdale, one of the first African American players in the NBA, became the first African American to play in an All-Star Game. The Boston Celtics were represented by four players in the roster while three other teams, the Minneapolis Lakers, the New York Knickerbockers, and the Rochester Royals, were represented by three players each on the roster. The starters were chosen by each team's head coach. Minneapolis Lakers head coach John Kundla returned to coach the Western All-Stars for the third straight year. New York Knickerbockers head coach Joe Lapchick was named as the Eastern All-Stars head coach for the second time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 824]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070816-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 NBA All-Star Game, Game\nThe West defeated the East by 4 points. The game was a tight contest with plenty of lead changes in the first three quarters. In the fourth quarter, West's Bob Davies scored eight successive points to give the West a lead. The West outscored the East 22\u201320 in the fourth quarter to win the game by four points. However, the All-Star Game Most Valuable Player Award went to Minneapolis Lakers center George Mikan who scored a game-high 22 points and 16 rebounds for the West.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 28], "content_span": [29, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070816-0002-0001", "contents": "1953 NBA All-Star Game, Game\nBoston Celtics' Ed Macauley led the East with 18 points while Syracuse Nationals' Dolph Schayes recorded 13 rebounds. Despite losing the game, the East had more balanced scoring with four players scoring in double-figures while the West only had Mikan and Larry Foust scoring in double-figures. Both teams did not shoot well, the East had 37.9 field goal percentage, while the West only managed to make 35.4 percent of its shots. The combined 154 points scored is the lowest total points scored in an All-Star Game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 28], "content_span": [29, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070817-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 NBA Finals\nThe 1953 NBA World Championship Series was the championship round of the 1953 NBA Playoffs, which concluded the National Basketball Association (NBA)'s 1952\u201353 season. The Western Division champion Minneapolis Lakers faced the Eastern Division champion New York Knicks in a best-of-seven series with Minneapolis having home-court advantage. By winning four games to one, the Lakers won their fifth title in six years dating from 1948, the club's final season in the National Basketball League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070817-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 NBA Finals\nThe five games were played in seven days, beginning Saturday and Sunday, April 4 and 5, in Minneapolis and concluding there on the following Friday. Meanwhile, two mid-week games were played in New York City. The entire postseason tournament spanned 25 days in which Minneapolis played 12 games, New York 11.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070818-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 NBA draft\nThe 1953 NBA draft was the seventh annual draft of the National Basketball Association (NBA). The draft was held on April 24, 1953, before the 1953\u201354 season. In this draft, nine remaining NBA teams took turns selecting amateur U.S. college basketball players. In each round, the teams select in reverse order of their win\u2013loss record in the previous season. The draft consisted of 19 rounds comprising 122 players selected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070818-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 NBA draft, Draft selections and draftee career notes\nRay Felix from Long Island University was selected first overall by the Baltimore Bullets and went on to win the Rookie of the Year Award in his first season. Ernie Beck and Walter Dukes were selected before the draft as Philadelphia Warriors' and New York Knicks' territorial picks respectively. Three players from this draft, Bob Houbregs, Frank Ramsey and Cliff Hagan, have been inducted to the Basketball Hall of Fame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 57], "content_span": [58, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070818-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 NBA draft, Other picks\nThe following list includes other draft picks who have appeared in at least one NBA game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 27], "content_span": [28, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070819-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 NBA playoffs\nThe 1953 NBA playoffs was the postseason tournament of the National Basketball Association's 1952\u201353 season. The tournament concluded with the Western Conference champion Minneapolis Lakers defeating the Eastern Conference champion New York Knicks 4 games to 1 in the NBA Finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070819-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 NBA playoffs\nThe Lakers won their fourth championship in the last five years, and defeated the Knicks in the Finals for the second straight season to complete their run.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070819-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 NBA playoffs\nNot only did the four Western Division teams meet for the third straight year, but the Eastern Division teams this year, had a slight change. The Philadelphia Warriors did not make the playoffs, but the Baltimore Bullets did. They would be swept by the Eastern Division champion New York Knicks in 2 games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070819-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 NBA playoffs\nThe Indianapolis Olympians played their last game, a Game 2 loss to the Lakers in the first round. They folded at the end of the season, and major professional basketball did not return to Indianapolis, Indiana until the Indiana Pacers were founded for the inaugural 1967\u201368 season of the American Basketball Association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070819-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 NBA playoffs\nThe Boston Celtics earned their first playoff series victory with a two-game sweep of the Syracuse Nationals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070819-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 NBA playoffs\nThe 1952\u201353 Baltimore Bullets hold the distinction of having the worst regular-season record of any playoff qualifier in league history, at 16-54.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070819-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 NBA playoffs, Bracket\nBold Series winnerItalic Team with home-court advantage in NBA Finals", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 26], "content_span": [27, 96]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070819-0007-0000", "contents": "1953 NBA playoffs, Division Semifinals, Eastern Division Semifinals, (1) New York Knicks vs. (4) Baltimore Bullets\nThis was the third playoff meeting between these two teams, with each team splitting the first two meetings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 114], "content_span": [115, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070819-0008-0000", "contents": "1953 NBA playoffs, Division Semifinals, Eastern Division Semifinals, (2) Syracuse Nationals vs. (3) Boston Celtics\nThis was the first playoff meeting between these two teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 114], "content_span": [115, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070819-0009-0000", "contents": "1953 NBA playoffs, Division Semifinals, Western Division Semifinals, (1) Minneapolis Lakers vs. (4) Indianapolis Olympians\nThis was the third playoff meeting between these two teams, with the Lakers winning the first two meetings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 122], "content_span": [123, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070819-0010-0000", "contents": "1953 NBA playoffs, Division Semifinals, Western Division Semifinals, (2) Rochester Royals vs. (3) Fort Wayne Pistons\nThis was the fourth playoff meeting between these two teams, with the Royals winning two of the first three meetings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 116], "content_span": [117, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070819-0011-0000", "contents": "1953 NBA playoffs, Division Finals, Eastern Division Finals, (1) New York Knicks vs. (3) Boston Celtics\nThis was the third playoff meeting between these two teams, with the Knicks winning the first two meetings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 103], "content_span": [104, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070819-0012-0000", "contents": "1953 NBA playoffs, Division Finals, Western Division Finals, (1) Minneapolis Lakers vs. (3) Fort Wayne Pistons\nThis was the second playoff meeting between these two teams, with the Lakers winning the first meeting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 110], "content_span": [111, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070819-0013-0000", "contents": "1953 NBA playoffs, NBA Finals: (W1) Minneapolis Lakers vs. (E1) New York Knicks\nThis was the second playoff meeting between these two teams, with the Lakers winning the first meeting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 79], "content_span": [80, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070820-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 NC State Wolfpack football team\nThe 1953 NC State Wolfpack football team represented North Carolina State University during the 1953 college football season. The Wolfpack were led by second-year head coach Horace Hendrickson and played their home games at Riddick Stadium in Raleigh, North Carolina. They competed as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference in the league's inaugural year, after NC State and the other ACC schools split off from the Southern Conference. They finished winless in conference with a 0\u20133 record, and a 1\u20139 record overall. Hendrickson resigned as head coach following the end of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 624]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070821-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 NCAA Basketball Tournament\nThe 1953 NCAA Basketball Tournament involved 22 schools playing in single-elimination play to determine the national champion of NCAA college basketball. The 15th edition of the tournament began on March 10, 1953, and ended with the championship game on March 18 in Kansas City, Missouri. A total of 26 games were played, including a third place game in each region and a national third place game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070821-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 NCAA Basketball Tournament\nIndiana, coached by Branch McCracken, won the tournament title with a 69\u201368 victory in the final game over Kansas, coached by Phog Allen. B. H. Born of Kansas was named the tournament's Most Outstanding Player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070821-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 NCAA Basketball Tournament, Locations\nThe following are the sites selected to host each round of the 1953 tournament:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 42], "content_span": [43, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070821-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 NCAA Basketball Tournament, Locations, Final Four\nFor the fourth time, Kansas City's Municipal Auditorium was the host of the National Championship, its first as a full-fledged Final Four site. With the expansion of the field, the number of host venues also expanded, with three of the nine venues being new to the tournament. Both venues in the East-1 region were repeat venues, with Reynolds Coliseum hosting for the third straight year and the Palestra returning to the tournament for the first time since the inaugural year of 1939. In the East-2 region, Chicago Stadium once again hosted the Sweet Sixteen and Elite Eight.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 54], "content_span": [55, 632]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070821-0003-0001", "contents": "1953 NCAA Basketball Tournament, Locations, Final Four\nFor the first time, the city of Fort Wayne hosted tournament games, at the Allen County War Memorial Coliseum, home to the Fort Wayne Pistons of the NBA. The West-1 regional had no first-round games, with the Sweet Sixteen and Elite Eight held at then-Kansas State College and Ahearn Field House. In the West-2 region, Oregon State Coliseum again hosted, with first-round games held at both Hec Edmundson Pavilion and, for the first time, at the Pavilion on the campus of Stanford University, the first games held in California since the 1939 tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 54], "content_span": [55, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070821-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 NCAA Basketball Tournament, Locations, Final Four\nThis would be the only tournament ever hosted on the Stanford campus, and the last time Chicago Stadium would be used as a venue, with various other sites used around the area since.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 54], "content_span": [55, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070822-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 NCAA Cross Country Championships\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Paul2520 (talk | contribs) at 18:30, 17 November 2019 (Adding short description: \"1953 cross-country running meet of the NCAA\" (Shortdesc helper)). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070822-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 NCAA Cross Country Championships\nThe 1953 NCAA Cross Country Championships were the 15th annual cross country meet to determine the team and individual national champions of men's collegiate cross country running in the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070822-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 NCAA Cross Country Championships\nSince the current multi-division format for NCAA championship did not begin until 1973, all NCAA members were eligible. In total, 11 teams and 99 individual runners contested this championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070822-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 NCAA Cross Country Championships\nThe meet was hosted by Michigan State College on November 23, 1953, at the Forest Akers East Golf Course in East Lansing, Michigan. The distance for the race was 4 miles (6.4 kilometers).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070822-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 NCAA Cross Country Championships\nThe team national championship was won by the Kansas Jayhawks, their first. The individual championship was won by Wes Santee, also from Kansas, with a time of 19:43.74.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070823-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 NCAA Golf Championship\nThe 1953 NCAA Golf Championship was the 15th annual NCAA-sanctioned golf tournament to determine the individual and team national champions of men's collegiate golf in the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070823-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 NCAA Golf Championship\nThe tournament was held at The Broadmoor in Colorado Springs, Colorado.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070823-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 NCAA Golf Championship\nStanford won the team title, the Indians' sixth NCAA team national title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070824-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 NCAA Men's Basketball All-Americans\nThe consensus 1953 NCAA Men's Basketball All-American team, as determined by aggregating the results of six major All-American teams. To earn \"consensus\" status, a player must win honors from a majority of the following teams: the Associated Press, Look Magazine, The United Press International, the Newspaper Enterprise Association (NEA), Collier's Magazine and the International News Service.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070825-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament\nThe 1953 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament was the culmination of the 1952\u201353 NCAA men's ice hockey season, the sixth such tournament in NCAA history. It was held from March 12 to 14, 1953, and concluded with Michigan defeating Minnesota 7-3. All games were played at the Broadmoor Ice Palace in Colorado Springs, Colorado.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070825-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament\nMichigan's win capped off its third consecutive National Championship. As of 2018 no team has been able to match that achievement. Additionally, their 14 goals in the semifinal game against Boston University were the most ever for an NCAA tournament game, matched only by Minnesota in 1954. The Wolverines' goal differential (+16) is also a record for an NCAA tournament, equaling the record set by Colorado College in 1950 and matched by Wisconsin in 1983.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070825-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament\nFor the first time since the tournament began the 'Most Outstanding Player' was awarded to someone from the championship team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070825-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament, Qualifying teams\nFour teams qualified for the tournament, two each from the eastern and western regions. The two best MCHL teams and a Tri-State League representative received bids into the tournament as did one independent school.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 55], "content_span": [56, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070825-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament, Format\nThe eastern team judged as better was seeded as the top eastern team while the MCHL champion was given the top western seed. The second eastern seed was slotted to play the top western seed and vice versa. All games were played at the Broadmoor Ice Palace. All matches were Single-game eliminations with the semifinal winners advancing to the national championship game and the losers playing in a consolation game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 45], "content_span": [46, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070826-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 NCAA Swimming and Diving Championships\nThe 1953 NCAA Swimming and Diving Championships were contested in March 1953 at the Ohio State Natatorium at the Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio at the 17th annual NCAA-sanctioned swim meet to determine the team and individual national champions of men's collegiate swimming and diving in the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070826-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 NCAA Swimming and Diving Championships\nYale topped hosts, and defending national champions, Ohio State in the team standings to capture the Bulldogs' fourth national title (and second title in three years).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070827-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 NCAA Tennis Championships\nThe 1953 NCAA Men's Tennis Championships were the 8th annual tournaments to determine the singles, doubles, and team national champions of NCAA Division I men's collegiate tennis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070827-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 NCAA Tennis Championships\nThis year's tournaments were played in Syracuse, New York, hosted by Syracuse University, from June 22\u201327, 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070827-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 NCAA Tennis Championships\nThe tournament was directed by Syracuse athletic director Milton R. Howard, and the official referee was Perry Rockafellow, the tennis coach from Colgate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070827-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 NCAA Tennis Championships\nA total of 72 teams entered in the singles tournament and 30 teams joined the doubles bracket, representing a total of 31 universities.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070828-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 NCAA Track and Field Championships\nThe 1953 NCAA Track and Field Championships were contested June 19\u221220, 1953 at the 32nd annual NCAA-sanctioned track meet to determine the team and individual national champions of men's collegiate track and field in the United States. This year's events were hosted by the University of Nebraska at Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070828-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 NCAA Track and Field Championships\nUSC won their fifth consecutive team national championship, the Trojans' 17th team title in program history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070829-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 NCAA Wrestling Championships\nThe 1953 NCAA Wrestling Championships were the 23rd NCAA Wrestling Championships to be held. Penn State University in State College, Pennsylvania hosted the tournament at Rec Hall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070829-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 NCAA Wrestling Championships\nPenn State took home the team championship with 21 points and having one individual champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070829-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 NCAA Wrestling Championships\nFrank Bettucci of Cornell College was named the Most Outstanding Wrestler.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070830-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 NCAA baseball season\nThe 1953 NCAA baseball season, play of college baseball in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) began in the spring of 1953. The season progressed through the regular season and concluded with the 1953 College World Series. The College World Series, held for the seventh time in 1953, consisted of one team from each of eight geographical districts and was held in Omaha, Nebraska at Johnny Rosenblatt Stadium as a double-elimination tournament. Michigan claimed the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 552]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070830-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 NCAA baseball season, Conference winners\nThis is a partial list of conference champions from the 1953 season. Each of the eight geographical districts chose, by various methods, the team that would represent them in the NCAA Tournament. Conference champions had to be chosen, unless all conference champions declined the bid.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 45], "content_span": [46, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070830-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 NCAA baseball season, College World Series\nThe 1953 season marked the seventh NCAA Baseball Tournament, which consisted of the eight team College World Series. The College World Series was held in Omaha, Nebraska. Districts used a variety of selection methods to the event, from playoffs to a selection committee. District playoffs were not considered part of the NCAA Tournament, and the expansion to eight teams resulted in the end of regionals as they existed from 1947 through 1949. The eight teams played a double-elimination format, with Michigan claiming their first championship with a 7\u20135 win over Texas in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 47], "content_span": [48, 631]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070831-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 NCAA football rankings\nTwo human polls comprised the 1953 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) football rankings. Unlike most sports, college football's governing body, the NCAA, does not bestow a national championship, instead that title is bestowed by one or more different polling agencies. There are two main weekly polls that begin in the preseason\u2014the AP Poll and the Coaches' Poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070831-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 NCAA football rankings, AP Poll\nThe final AP Poll was released on November 30, at the end of the 1953 regular season, weeks before the major bowls. The AP would not release a post-bowl season final poll regularly until 1968.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 36], "content_span": [37, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070831-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 NCAA football rankings, Final Coaches' Poll\nThe final UP Coaches Poll was released prior to the bowl games, on November 30. Maryland received 20 of the 35 first-place votes; Notre Dame received thirteen, and one each went to Michigan State and UCLA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 48], "content_span": [49, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070832-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 NFL Championship Game\nThe 1953 National Football League championship game was the 21st annual championship game, held on December 27 at Briggs Stadium in Detroit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070832-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 NFL Championship Game\nThe defending NFL champion Detroit Lions (10\u20132) of the Western Conference were led by quarterback Bobby Layne and running back Doak Walker, and the Cleveland Browns (11\u20131) of the Eastern Conference were led by head coach Paul Brown and quarterback Otto Graham. The game was a rematch of the previous year, which was won by the Lions, 17\u20137. This was the Browns' fourth consecutive NFL championship game appearance since joining the league in 1950, and they were favored by three points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070832-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 NFL Championship Game\nThe Lions were attempting to become the third team in the championship game era (since 1933) to win two titles in a row, following the Chicago Bears (1940, 1941) and Philadelphia Eagles (1948, 1949).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070832-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 NFL Championship Game\nThe home underdog Lions rallied in the fourth quarter with a late touchdown and conversion to win by a single point, 17\u201316. The two teams met the following year for a third consecutive title match-up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070832-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 NFL Championship Game, Game summary\nThe Lions struck first with a Doak Walker touchdown, and both scored field goals in the second quarter and the Lions led at halftime, 10\u20133. The Browns scored thirteen straight points in the second half to take the lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070832-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 NFL Championship Game, Game summary\nTrailing 16\u201310 with four minutes and 10 seconds of play remaining, the Lions started from their own 20-yard line and fought their way 80 yards in eight plays, the touchdown coming on a 33-yard pass from Bobby Layne to Jim Doran in the end zone, and Walker's extra point gave the Lions the lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070832-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 NFL Championship Game, Game summary\nTrailing 17\u201316, the Browns had one last chance; Ken Carpenter started the drive with a run to his own 28, but an Otto Graham pass intended for Pete Brewster was deflected by rookie defensive halfback Carl Karilivacz, intercepting the throw, clinching the Lions their third title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070832-0007-0000", "contents": "1953 NFL Championship Game, Officials\nThe NFL added the fifth official, the back judge, in 1947; the line judge arrived in 1965, and the side judge in 1978.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 37], "content_span": [38, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070832-0008-0000", "contents": "1953 NFL Championship Game, Players' shares\nThe gross receipts for the game, including radio and television rights, were just under $359,000. Each player on the winning Lions team received $2,424, while Browns players made $1,654 each, the highest to date.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 43], "content_span": [44, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070833-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 NFL Draft\nThe 1953 National Football League Draft was held on January 22, 1953, at Bellevue-Stratford Hotel in Philadelphia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070834-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 NFL season\nThe 1953 NFL season was the 34th regular season of the National Football League. The names of the American and National conferences were changed to the Eastern and Western conferences.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070834-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 NFL season\nMeanwhile, a Baltimore, Maryland, group headed by Carroll Rosenbloom was granted an NFL team, and was awarded the holdings of the defunct Dallas Texans organization, who can trace their lineage to the Dayton Triangles, founded in 1913, thus sending Rosenbloom a franchise with a tenuous connection to being the final remaining Ohio League member. The new team was named the Baltimore Colts, after the unrelated previous team that folded after the 1950 season, and kept the blue and white color scheme of the Triangles-Texans franchise. The 12 teams of this NFL season continued for the rest of the 1950s; these teams became known as \"old-line\" teams as they predated the 1960 launch of the American Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 731]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070834-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 NFL season\nThe 1953 season ended on December 27 with the NFL championship game; the Detroit Lions defeated the Cleveland Browns for the second year in a row.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070834-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 NFL season, Draft\nThe 1953 NFL Draft was held on January 22, 1953, at Bellevue-Stratford Hotel in Philadelphia. With the first pick, the San Francisco 49ers selected defensive end Harry Babcock from Georgia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 22], "content_span": [23, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070834-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 NFL season, Conference races\nFor 1953, the former American and National Conferences of the previous three seasons were renamed the Eastern and Western Conferences, respectively. The Western race saw the Rams beat the Lions twice, in Detroit (October 18) and in L.A. (November 1), and at the midway point in Week Six, the Rams were a full game ahead in the race. In Week Seven (November 8), the 49ers beat the Rams 31\u201327, and the Lions won their game, to put all three teams at 5\u20132\u20130. In Week Eight, the Lions beat Green Bay 14\u20137, while the Rams were tied 24\u201324 by the Cards, and the 49ers lost 23\u201321 to the Browns. As both teams won their remaining games, San Francisco was always a game behind Detroit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 33], "content_span": [34, 708]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070834-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 NFL season, Conference races\nIn the Eastern, the Cleveland Browns won their first eleven games and led wire-to-wire, clinching a playoff spot by week 10. Their shot at a 12\u20130\u20130 regular season was spoiled by a 42\u201327 loss in the finale on December 13, and tarnished further by the championship game loss to the Lions two weeks later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 33], "content_span": [34, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070834-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 NFL season, Final standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 32], "content_span": [33, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070834-0007-0000", "contents": "1953 NFL season, Final standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 32], "content_span": [33, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070834-0008-0000", "contents": "1953 NFL season, NFL Championship Game\nDetroit 17, Cleveland 16 at Briggs Stadium in Detroit, on December 27, 1953", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 38], "content_span": [39, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070835-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 NSWRFL season\nThe 1953 New South Wales Rugby Football League season was the forty-sixth season of the rugby league competition based in Sydney. Ten teams from across the city competed for the J. J. Giltinan Shield during the season, which culminated in a final between South Sydney and St. George.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070835-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 NSWRFL season, Finals, Final\nTo win the 1953 premiership St George would need to beat minor premiers Souths in both a final and a Grand final, emulating the feats of the Dragons of 1949 from which team only Noel Pidding was still playing. A crowd of 44,581 were at the Sydney Cricket Ground to see the first phase of this attempt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 33], "content_span": [34, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070835-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 NSWRFL season, Finals, Final\nSouths opened the scoring with a penalty goal in the ninth minute kicked by Clive Churchill from 40 yards. The Dragons threatened Souths' line continuously in the next stanza but bombed three tries and then lost some momentum in the 14 minutes before half-time during the absence of centre Merv Lees while he was off the field having stitches to his lip after driving a tooth through it. Souths scored 13 points in this period. Ian Moir capitalised on a spillage of the ball by Pidding behind his own line after a heavy tackle, Churchill then featured when he firstly sent Threlfo in and then set up Moir for his second try. The score at half time was 15\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 33], "content_span": [34, 691]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070835-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 NSWRFL season, Finals, Final\nEarly in the second half Pidding kicked a penalty and a few minutes later Wilson and Gallagher were sent off for fighting. With Wilson gone Rabbitoh hard-men Rayner and Donoghue then took control and four Souths tries flowed to Woolfe, Dougherty, Hammerton and Moir\u2019s third. Two late Dragons\u2019 tries to Brown and Lees made no difference and South Sydney powered to their fourteenth premiership.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 33], "content_span": [34, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070835-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 NSWRFL season, Finals, Final\nSouth Sydney Rabbitohs 31Tries: Moir (3), Woolfe, Threlfo, Dougherty, HammertonGoals: Dougherty (4), Churchill (1)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 33], "content_span": [34, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070836-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 National Challenge Cup\nThe 1953 National Challenge Cup was the 40th edition of the USSFA's annual open soccer championship. The Chicago Falcons defeated the Harmarville Hurricanes (a suburban Pittsburgh team) to win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070837-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 National Invitation Tournament\nThe 1953 National Invitation Tournament was the 1953 edition of the annual NCAA college basketball competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070837-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 National Invitation Tournament, Selected teams\nBelow is a list of the 12 teams selected for the tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070838-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Navy Midshipmen football team\nThe 1953 Navy Midshipmen football team represented the United States Naval Academy (USNA) as an independent during the 1953 college football season. They began the season ranked 13th in the pre-season AP Poll. The team was led by fourth-year head coach Eddie Erdelatz.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070839-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\nThe 1953 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team was the representative of the University of Nebraska and member of the Big 7 Conference in the 1953 college football season. The team was coached by Bill Glassford and played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070839-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Before the season\nCoach Glassford's fifth year began with uncertainty, as no clear pattern had yet emerged as to what to expect from the program under his leadership. After alternating losing and winning seasons since his arrival, any relief the Cornhusker faithful had felt at the improvement in fortunes since the dismal 1940s was fading as expectations held out for greater successes along the lines of what the program had been known for since its beginning. The coaching staff remained essentially intact with just one change as a former Pittsburgh head coach joined the program as an assistant.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 58], "content_span": [59, 641]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070839-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Oregon\nOregon arrived in Lincoln for the second-ever meeting of the programs following last year's 28-13 Nebraska victory in Eugene. The Cornhuskers came out flat, and gave up two turnovers to the Ducks in the first quarter, both of which were converted into points. Nebraska managed only one meaningful drive during the entire contest, and Oregon departed having dealt the Cornhuskers a home-field loss to start the 1953 campaign.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 63], "content_span": [64, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070839-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Illinois\nThe Cornhuskers traveled to Champaign to renew a series last contested in 1925, facing a favored Illinois team. The single-wing formation shown by coach Glassford against Oregon was nowhere to be found as Nebraska came out in the classic T-formation, to everyone's surprise. A heavy air attack was also mounted against the unsuspecting Fighting Illini, and the Cornhuskers ran out to a 21-7 lead as the game clock began to wane. Illinois mounted a final counterattack that was enough to storm back and tie the game up at 21, but they could not produce an outright win. Nebraska was now 5-2-1 against the Fighting Illini all-time. Illinois went on the finish the season 7-1-1 and ranked #7 by the AP Poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 65], "content_span": [66, 770]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070839-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Kansas State\nAn untimely fumble was all it took to spark Kansas State, as the Wildcats promptly converted the turnover into a touchdown. Kansas State never looked back and reeled off a total of 27 unanswered points. The flat Nebraska squad was thoroughly humiliated, as the Wildcats set new series records for most points scored on Nebraska and largest margin of victory. Even through the painful 1940s Nebraska had still managed to win eight of ten Kansas State games in that decade, and ten in a row against the Wildcats overall, before this completely demoralizing defeat. The win was just the fifth ever for Kansas State against the Cornhuskers in all 37 attempts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 69], "content_span": [70, 725]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070839-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Pittsburgh\nThe Cornhuskers traveled to Pittsburgh to renew another dormant series, facing the Panthers again for the first time since the bitter rivalry stalled after 1942. Pittsburgh's homecoming crowd watched nervously as the teams battled viciously throughout the entire game, and Nebraska was clinging to a tenuous 7-6 lead late. All of the frustrations harbored by the Cornhuskers following the devastating and record-breaking loss to Kansas State the week prior seemed to be bubbling to the surface.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 67], "content_span": [68, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070839-0005-0001", "contents": "1953 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Pittsburgh\nFinally, on the last play of the game, the Panthers punched in a final score to secure the win, sending the disappointed Nebraska squad home with just three wins in the overall series in all eighteen tries. Nebraska was now without a win in the first four games of the season for the first time since 1945.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 67], "content_span": [68, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070839-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Miami\nMiami arrived in Lincoln for the first time ever, as the squads met for only their second contest. The Nebraska passing defense was again suspect, and fumbles proved to almost be the undoing of the Nebraska attack. Somehow the Cornhuskers managed to produce enough points to overcome  their troubles and Miami, and recorded the first win of 1953 to even the series at 1-1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 62], "content_span": [63, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070839-0007-0000", "contents": "1953 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Missouri\nNebraska found itself on a foreign field for an opponent's homecoming game for the second time of the year in Columbia. The Cornhuskers quieted the crowd briefly by scoring first to go up 7-0, but the Tigers responded in kind and did not let up until the final whistle ended the 23-7 decision. It was Missouri's third straight over Nebraska as the Tigers chipped away at their series deficit, moving to 18-25-3. The loss was Nebraska's 50th all-time conference defeat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 65], "content_span": [66, 534]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070839-0008-0000", "contents": "1953 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Kansas\nOnce again the day was nearly defined by Nebraska's ongoing problem with fumbles, but a stiff Cornhusker defensive stand kept the Jayhawks off of the scoreboard to secure a shutout victory of Kansas, which was also the first Nebraska home field win over Kansas since 1945. The game had remained scoreless until the third quarter before even Nebraska found a way to cross the line, but the win was welcome and moved Nebraska to 43-13-3 in the series to date.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 63], "content_span": [64, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070839-0009-0000", "contents": "1953 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Iowa State\nNebraska managed to run up to a respectable lead early enough to grant some reserve players valuable on field time, and the backups rose to the challenge by shutting down Iowa State's late rally to deny the Cyclone comeback. The highlights of the game were an 89-yard interception return for a touchdown, and a new-found solid Cornhusker pass defense. The win was Nebraska's 8th straight in the series, as they moved to 38-8-1 against Iowa State all-time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 67], "content_span": [68, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070839-0010-0000", "contents": "1953 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Colorado\nThe solid game effort seen against Iowa State seemed to fade as the Cornhuskers again struggled with untimely mistakes. Despite the miscues, Nebraska still had one final chance to snatch a victory, but was denied by a strong Colorado defensive stand on the goal line as time expired. It was another ruined Cornhusker homecoming, the third in a row, as Nebraska's series lead against Colorado slipped to just 7-5.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 65], "content_span": [66, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070839-0011-0000", "contents": "1953 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Oklahoma\nReigning league champion Oklahoma arrived in Lincoln at #4 in the AP Poll, and had little difficulty putting away the Cornhuskers to close out Nebraska's slate. It was the 37th straight Big 7 victory for the Sooners, as their entrenched dominance helped them to yet another conference championship. Nebraska had now lost eleven straight games to Oklahoma in a row, further extending the record single-team losing streak, and Nebraska's series edge narrowed to just 16-14-3.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 65], "content_span": [66, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070839-0012-0000", "contents": "1953 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, After the season\nThe up and down alternating annual cycle that seemed to define coach Glassford's Nebraska career to date continued, as the Cornhuskers posted another losing season, his third in five years at the helm. Coach Glassford still retained an overall losing record at 20-25-3 (.448), and the 2-4 1953 conference slate dragged his conference career total below average, to 14-15-1 (.483). The football program's all-time conference record slipped to 134-52-12 (.707), and the overall record was now 336-173-34 (.650), the lowest percentage it had been since 1901.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 57], "content_span": [58, 613]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070839-0013-0000", "contents": "1953 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, After the season\nSentiment was growing for change at the top, from supporters and even apparently from players, and the pressure contributed to the resignation of Athletic Director (and former head football coach) George Clark. The board requested the resignation of coach Glassford, but his contract, coupled with out-of-state support, contributed to Glassford surviving the storm and staying on at Nebraska. Another former head football coach, Adolph J. Lewandowski, who had preceded Clark and helmed Nebraska football in 1943 and 1944, was named acting Athletic Director.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 57], "content_span": [58, 615]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070840-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Nemzeti Bajnoks\u00e1g I, Overview\nIt was contested by 14 teams, and MTK Budapest won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070841-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Nevada Wolf Pack football team\nThe 1953 Nevada Wolf Pack football team represented the University of Nevada during the 1953 college football season. Nevada competed as an independent. The Wolf Pack were led by second-year head coach Jake Lawlor and played their home games at Mackay Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070842-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 New Caledonian legislative election\nLegislative elections were held in New Caledonia on 8 February 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070842-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 New Caledonian legislative election, Background\nThe elections were originally scheduled for March 1952. Following amendments to the territory's electoral law approved in the first reading by the French Parliament in late 1951, the number of members of the General Council was increased to 25, 16 of which were to be elected by Europeans and nine by Kanaks. At the time, the voter roll included around 10,000 European voters and around 8,000 Kanak voters who met educational requirements to register to vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 52], "content_span": [53, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070842-0001-0001", "contents": "1953 New Caledonian legislative election, Background\nHowever, on the second reading of the bill, the proposed amendments were rejected by 356\u2013256 in the National Assembly following a campaign by the territory's MP Maurice Lenormand, who demanded a common electoral roll. The bill was referred to a committee, but due to a government crisis, dealing with the issue was repeatedly postponed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 52], "content_span": [53, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070842-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 New Caledonian legislative election, Background\nThe term of the sitting Council had expired on 19 January 1952, leaving no elected replacement. The Chairman of the outgoing General Council Henri Bonneaud flew to France to request its term be extended, which was approved by a vote of 325\u2013198 in the National Assembly. However, when it emerged that around 100 of the votes in favour had come from Communist Party MPs, all-but-one of the members of the General Council refused to continue sitting and handed in their resignation to the Governor on 19 May.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 52], "content_span": [53, 558]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070842-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 New Caledonian legislative election, Electoral system\nA decree in 1952 created a single electoral roll and divided the territory into five constituencies. Seats were elected by panachage and preferential voting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 58], "content_span": [59, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070842-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 New Caledonian legislative election, Electoral system\nBy the time of the election, the voter roll consisted of 10,511 Europeans and 9,832 Kanaks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 58], "content_span": [59, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070842-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 New Caledonian legislative election, Results\nFifteen of the 25 seats were won by left-wing candidates led by Lenormand (including nine Kanaks) that became the Caledonian Union, eight by right-wing candidates from a bloc led by Bonneaud, and two by other candidates. Three pro Charles de Gaulle candidates were all defeated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 49], "content_span": [50, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070842-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 New Caledonian legislative election, Aftermath\nA by-election was held on 12 September 1954 after Maurice Bichon gave up his seat in the South constituency following his appointment as Paymaster General of Conakry. The election was won by the Lenormand group candidate Armand Ohlen, who defeated Roger Rolland of the Bonneaud group by 1,568 votes to 1,286.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 51], "content_span": [52, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070843-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 New Hampshire Wildcats football team\nThe 1953 New Hampshire Wildcats football team was an American football team that represented the University of New Hampshire as a member of the Yankee Conference during the 1953 college football season. In its fifth year under head coach Chief Boston, the team compiled a 6\u20132 record (3\u20131 against conference opponents) and tied for the Yankee Conference championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070844-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 New Jersey gubernatorial election\nThe 1953 New Jersey gubernatorial election was held on November 3, 1953. Democratic nominee Robert B. Meyner defeated Republican nominee Paul L. Troast with 53.17% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070845-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 New Jersey state highway renumbering\nOn January 1, 1953, the New Jersey Highway Department renumbered many of the State Routes. This renumbering was first proposed in 1951 in order to reduce confusion to motorists. A few rules were followed in deciding what to renumber:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070845-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 New Jersey state highway renumbering\nNew numbers assigned semi-arbitrarily included 15 and 20 (13-20 were not assigned in the 1927 renumbering), the sequence from 57 to 93, and 152 to 165 for minor routes (continuing from pre-renumbering 151).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070845-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 New Jersey state highway renumbering\nIn the table, S routes (like S1 and S1A) is shown with the S after the number (like 1S and 1SA) for sorting reasons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070846-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 New Mexico A&M Aggies football team\nThe 1953 New Mexico A&M Aggies football team was an American football team that represented New Mexico College of Agriculture and Mechanical Arts (now known as New Mexico State University) as a member of the Border Conference during the 1953 college football season. In their first year under head coach James Patton, the Aggies compiled a 2\u20137 record (1\u20134 against conference opponents), finished sixth in the conference, and were outscored by a total of 316 to 56. The team played its home games at Memorial Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070847-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 New Mexico Lobos football team\nThe 1953 New Mexico Lobos football team represented the University of New Mexico in the Skyline Conference during the 1953 college football season. In their first season under head coach Bob Titchenal, the Lobos compiled a 5\u20133\u20131 record (3\u20132\u20131 against Skyline opponents), finished fourth in the conference, and outscored all opponents by a total of 154 to 103.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070847-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 New Mexico Lobos football team\nNew Mexico center Larry White was selected by the Associated Press (AP) as a first-team player on the 1953 All-Skyline Conference football team. Three other New Mexico players received second-team honors: end Ray Guerette, guard Ralph Matteuchi, and tailback Bobby Lee. Lee ranked third in the Skyline Conference with 624 rushing yards on 110 carries (5.7 yards per carry).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070847-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 New Mexico Lobos football team\nBob Titchenal, who had previously been an assistant coach for Denver, was selected by the AP as the Skyline Conference coach of the year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070848-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 New South Wales Grand Prix\nThe 1953 New South Wales Grand Prix was a motor race held at the Gnoo Blas Motor Racing Circuit, Orange, New South Wales, Australia on 5 October 1953. The race, which was organised by the Australian Sporting Car Club, was contested over a distance of 100 miles (161\u00a0km). It was staged on a handicap basis with prize money allocated for the first ten handicap positions and additional prizes offered for the first three scratch placings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070848-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 New South Wales Grand Prix\nThe handicap race was won by Jack Robinson (Jaguar XK120 Special)  whilst the Grand Prix title was awarded to Jack Brabham (Cooper Bristol)  who had set the fastest race time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070848-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 New South Wales Grand Prix, Handicap results\n+\u00a0: The Grand Prix title was awarded to Jack Brabham  who had set the fastest race time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 49], "content_span": [50, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070849-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 New South Wales state election\nThe 1953  New South Wales  state election  was held on 14 February 1953. It  was conducted in single member constituencies with compulsory preferential voting and  was held on boundaries created at a 1952 redistribution. The election was for all of the 94 seats in the  Legislative Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070849-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 New South Wales state election, Issues\nIn February 1953, the ALP had been in power for 12 years and James McGirr, who had led the party to a near defeat in 1950, had lost the premiership to Joe Cahill 10 months earlier. McGirr's period as the Labor leader had been marked by policy indecisiveness, budget overspending and internal conflict. Cahill, by contrast, had won popular support as a vigorous and impressive minister who had resolved problems with New South Wales' electricity supply. During his first 10 months as premier, he  had reinvigorated the party. He appeared decisive and brought order to the government's chaotic public works program. In addition, he astutely attacked the increasingly unpopular federal Coalition  government of Robert Menzies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 43], "content_span": [44, 767]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070849-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 New South Wales state election, Issues\nBy contrast, the Liberal Party and Country Party coalition led by Vernon Treatt  and Michael Bruxner was racked with internal divisions. Treatt himself, despite having been opposition leader for seven years, remained little known to the public. Whereas in 1950 his coalition had achieved a big swing against the ALP, in 1953 he was unable to convince voters that he possessed a coherent alternative policy to the government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 43], "content_span": [44, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070849-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 New South Wales state election, Results\nThe result of the election was a landslide victory for Labor:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070849-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 New South Wales state election, Results\nLabor's vote was particularly strong in the Western and Southern suburbs of Sydney. It won the seats of Concord, Coogee, Drummoyne, Kogarah, Parramatta, Ryde and Sutherland from the Liberal Party and picked up the new suburban seats of East Hills and Fairfield . Labor's vote was  resurgent in rural New South Wales where it won the seats of Armidale, Dubbo and Mudgee from the Country party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070849-0004-0001", "contents": "1953 New South Wales state election, Results\nLabor also picked up the seat of North Sydney from Independent member James Geraghty who was the last of the 4 Independent members of parliament who had  been expelled from the Labor party for disloyalty during an indirect election of the Legislative Council in 1949. John Seiffert, another rebel from 1949 and the member for Monaro, had been readmitted to the party in 1950 and retained the seat at this election, giving a further boost to Labor's numbers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 502]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070849-0004-0002", "contents": "1953 New South Wales state election, Results\nLabor's losses included Ashfield which had been won from the Liberal Party at the 1952 by-election and Hartley which was retained by Jim Chalmers who stood as an Independent Labor candidate after he resigned from the party over a pre-selection dispute. The Minister for Labour, Industry and Social Welfare, Frank Finnan was unseated when his electorate of Darlinghurst was abolished and he failed in an attempt to win Albury. Arthur Greenup also retired when his seat of Newtown-Annandale was abolished.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 548]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070849-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 New South Wales state election, Tabulated results\nNew South Wales state election, 14 February 1953Legislative Assembly << 1950\u20131956 >>", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 54], "content_span": [55, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070849-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 New South Wales state election, Aftermath\nJoe Cahill's triumph at this election ensured that he remained premier during the course of the parliament. Treatt faced increasing opposition within the Liberal Party and was replaced as Leader of the Opposition by Murray Robson in August 1954. Bruxner continued as the Leader of the Country Party, a position he had held since 1932. During the parliament there were 7 by-elections with no change of party representation except for Kahibah where an Independent Labor candidate Tom Armstrong defeated the endorsed Labor candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 46], "content_span": [47, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070850-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 New Year Honours\nThe New Year Honours 1953 for the United Kingdom were announced on 30 December 1952, to celebrate the year passed and mark the beginning of 1953. This was the first New Year Honours since the accession of Queen Elizabeth II. The Honours list is a list of people who have been awarded one of the various orders, decorations, and medals of the United Kingdom. Honours are split into classes (\"orders\") and are graded to distinguish different degrees of achievement or service, most medals are not graded. The awards are presented to the recipient in one of several investiture ceremonies at Buckingham Palace throughout the year by the Sovereign or her designated representative.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 699]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070850-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 New Year Honours\nThe orders, medals and decorations are awarded by various honours committees which meet to discuss candidates identified by public or private bodies, by government departments or who are nominated by members of the public. Depending on their roles, those people selected by committee are submitted to Ministers for their approval before being sent to the Sovereign for final approval. As the \"fount of honour\" the monarch remains the final arbiter for awards. In the case of certain orders such as the Order of the Garter and the Royal Victorian Order they remain at the personal discretion of the Queen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 626]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070850-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 New Year Honours\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070850-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 New Year Honours, Australia\nHonours conferred on the advice of Her Majesty's Australian Ministers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 32], "content_span": [33, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070850-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 New Year Honours, Ceylon\nHonours conferred on the advice of Her Majesty's Ceylon Ministers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 29], "content_span": [30, 96]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070850-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 New Year Honours, Pakistan\nHonours conferred on the advice of Her Majesty's Pakistan Ministers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 31], "content_span": [32, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070851-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 New Year Honours (New Zealand)\nThe 1953 New Year Honours in New Zealand were appointments by Queen Elizabeth II on the advice of the New Zealand government to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders. The awards celebrated the passing of 1952 and the beginning of 1953, and were announced on 1 January 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070851-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 New Year Honours (New Zealand)\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070852-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 New York Central Railroad accident\nThe 1953 New York Central Railroad accident occurred on the four-track mainline 2.4 miles east of Conneaut, Ohio at 10:02 P.M. on March 27, 1953. The accident sequence began when an improperly secured load of large pipes broke loose from a gondola car on an eastbound freight train. The loose pipe, dragged by the moving train, damaged the westbound passenger track. A passing westbound freight train crew notified the first train and stopped to assess what had happened.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070852-0000-0001", "contents": "1953 New York Central Railroad accident\nA fast westbound passenger train could not stop and derailed from the damaged track, colliding with the westbound freight on the adjacent track. Finally, an eastbound fast passenger train struck the derailed equipment from the first two trains. There were 21 deaths and 49 people were injured. This accident holds the record for the most trains involved in a single accident.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070852-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 New York Central Railroad accident, Site\nThe accident occurred on the mainline of the Erie Division at a point 2.4 miles east of Conneaut and 1861 feet from the Ohio - Pennsylvania state line. This was on the famous Water Level Route, a four-track mainline where fast passenger trains from the Midwest ran on an almost gradeless route to New York. The main tracks here, from south to north, were designated as No. 4, eastward freight; No. 2, eastward passenger; No. 1, westward passenger; and No. 3, westward freight. It was raining at the time of the accident. The distance between the center-lines of adjacent tracks was 13 feet.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 45], "content_span": [46, 636]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070852-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 New York Central Railroad accident, Rescue effort\nThe accident site was isolated from any main road. Only a muddy dirt lane led from the crash site to a major road two miles south, and it soon became blocked by vehicles mired in the mud. The injured were either carried on stretchers or moved by hand car to the nearest road. Some waited up to four hours for help. About 100 persons were treated on the scene and 62 were transported to hospitals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 54], "content_span": [55, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070852-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 New York Central Railroad accident, Investigation\nThe Interstate Commerce Commission investigated the accident. Their findings indicated that the lading of Baltimore and Ohio car 254645 on Train Extra 1871 East was not properly secured for movement when loaded because the high tension bands were not properly sealed. Because the load was not properly secured, nine sections of pipe fell from the car while in transit. When the pipes fell from the car in question, one piece wedged between the track structure of track No. 1 and the next car, a boxcar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 54], "content_span": [55, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070852-0003-0001", "contents": "1953 New York Central Railroad accident, Investigation\nAs the train proceeded at a speed of 36 miles per hour the resultant thrust transmitted by the pipe to track No. 1 moved track No. 1 northward a distance of about 18 inches before the pipe fell clear of the cars. The damaged condition of the track was not observed before passenger train No. 5 arrived at the point of the accident. The track was sufficiently damaged to cause the derailment of train No. 5 which in turn caused the derailment of Extra 1736 West. Passenger train No. 12 struck the derailed equipment of passenger train No. 5 before protection could be provided.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 54], "content_span": [55, 631]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070853-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 New York City mayoral election\nThe New York City mayoral election of 1953 occurred on Tuesday, November 3, 1953, with the Democratic candidate, Manhattan Borough President Robert F. Wagner, Jr. winning a decisive plurality in a three-way race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070853-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 New York City mayoral election\nWagner defeated the Republican nominee, lawyer and Postmaster of New York City, Harold Riegelman, as well as the Liberal Party nominee, New York City Council President Rudolph Halley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070853-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 New York City mayoral election\nWagner enjoyed the support of the powerful Tammany Hall political machine, easily securing him a victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070853-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 New York City mayoral election\nWagner received 46.33% of the vote to Riegelman's 29.97%, a Democratic victory margin of 16.36%. Halley finished in third with 21.16%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070853-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 New York City mayoral election\nWagner won comfortable pluralities in Manhattan, Brooklyn, and the Bronx, and won a majority in Staten Island. Riegelman won a razor-thin plurality in Queens.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070853-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 New York City mayoral election\nWagner would be sworn into the first of his three terms in January 1954, replacing outgoing independent Mayor Vincent R. Impellitteri.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070853-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 New York City mayoral election, Results\nTotal vote was 2,207,516Other vote was David L. Weiss-Socialist Workers-2,054 (0.1%);Nathan Karp-Industrial Government-916; Scattered-180. \"Industrial Government\" is a ballot title sometimes used, to avoid confusion or to meet election laws, by the Socialist Labor Party. The Liberal Party of New York won over five times as many votes as the American Labor Party in Manhattan, and eight-to-ten times as many in the other boroughs. The ALP lost its ballot status after the 1954 Governor's race, and voted to dissolve itself in 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070854-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 New York Film Critics Circle Awards\nThe 19th New York Film Critics Circle Awards, honored the best filmmaking of 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070855-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 New York Giants (MLB) season\nThe 1953 New York Giants season was the franchise's 71st season. The team finished in fifth place in the National League with a 70-84 record, 35 games behind the Brooklyn Dodgers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070855-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 New York Giants (MLB) season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 78], "content_span": [79, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070855-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 New York Giants (MLB) season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 71], "content_span": [72, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070855-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 New York Giants (MLB) season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 76], "content_span": [77, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070855-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 New York Giants (MLB) season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070855-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 New York Giants (MLB) season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 74], "content_span": [75, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070856-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 New York Giants season\nThe 1953 New York Giants season was the franchise's 29th season in the National Football League. The Giants were looking to improve on their 7-5 record from the previous season. However, the Giants hit rock bottom in 1953, losing their first 3 games of the season on their way to a disappointing 3-9 record and in 5th place in their division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070856-0000-0001", "contents": "1953 New York Giants season\nThe season included a 62-14 loss to the Cleveland Browns, the 62 points being the most points surrendered in franchise history at the time, until it was surpassed by the 1966 team that gave up 72 points to Washington in the highest scoring game in NFL history. Steve Owen was fired at the end of the season. After the firing of Owen, rumors emerged that legendary coach Vince Lombardi was a candidate to replace him as the next head coach. However, the Giants ultimately settled on Jim Lee Howell as their next coach, while Lombardi was hired as co-offensive coordinator.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070856-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 New York Giants season, Schedule, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 48], "content_span": [49, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070856-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 New York Giants season, New York Giants coaching vacancy\nBefore the end of the 1953 season, the New York Daily News had a headline in their paper that Vince Lombardi was the top candidate to become the Giants new head coach. Although Giants co-owner Wellington Mara was a classmate of Lombardi at Fordham University, the Giants were actually interested in Army head coach, Colonel Red Blaik. Blaik had declined the job, but recommended Lombardi, who was his offensive co-ordinator at Army. Despite being Red Blaik's top aide, Vince Lombardi was anxious and frustrated. Three other Army assistants, including Murray Warmath were now head coaches. In June, Lombardi had turned forty years old. Lombardi would be hired as the offensive co-ordinator for the 1954 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 61], "content_span": [62, 771]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070857-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 New York Yankees season\nThe 1953 New York Yankees season was the 51st season for the team in New York, and its 53rd season overall. The team finished with a record of 99\u201352, winning their 20th pennant, finishing 8.5 games ahead of the Cleveland Indians. New York was managed by Casey Stengel. The Yankees played their home games at Yankee Stadium. In the World Series, they defeated the Brooklyn Dodgers in 6 games. This was the Yankees fifth consecutive World Series win, a record that still stands.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 505]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070857-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 73], "content_span": [74, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070857-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070857-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070857-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 68], "content_span": [69, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070857-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 69], "content_span": [70, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070857-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 New York Yankees season, 1953 World Series\nAL New York Yankees (4) vs. NL Brooklyn Dodgers (2)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 47], "content_span": [48, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070858-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 New York state election\nThe 1953 New York state election was held on November 3, 1953, to elect the Chief Judge of the New York Court of Appeals. Besides, nine amendments to the State Constitution, among them one that required the voter to cast a single joint vote for the candidates for Governor and Lieutenant Governor on any ticket, were proposed, and all were accepted by the electorate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070858-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 New York state election, Background\nOn March 31, 1953, Chief Judge John T. Loughran died. On April 22, Governor Thomas E. Dewey appointed Judge Edmund H. Lewis to fill the vacancy temporarily. On April 23, Dewey appointed John Van Voorhis temporarily to the seat vacated by Lewis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 40], "content_span": [41, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070858-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 New York state election, Result\nThe appointed incumbent Chief Judge Lewis was elected. This required another election the next year, since Lewis would reach the constitutional age limit of 70 years at the end of 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070859-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 New Zealand gallantry awards\nThe 1953 New Zealand gallantry awards were announced via a special honours list dated 20 January 1953, and recognised New Zealand military personnel for gallant and distinguished services in Korea between 1 January and 30 June 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070860-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 New Zealand rugby league season\nThe 1953 New Zealand rugby league season was the 46th season of rugby league that had been played in New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070860-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 New Zealand rugby league season, International competitions\nNew Zealand defeated Australia 2\u20131 in a Test series. New Zealand were coached by Jim Amos and included Des White, Jimmy Edwards, Ron McKay, Tommy Baxter, Bevin Hough, Bill Sorensen, captain Jimmy Haig, John Bond, George Davidson, Bill McLennan, Bob Neilson, Alister Atkinson, Frank Mulcare, Cyril Paskell, Vern Bakalich and Cyril Eastlake.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 64], "content_span": [65, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070860-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 New Zealand rugby league season, International competitions\nThe Kangaroos recorded wins over the West Coast, 17\u201311, South Island 66\u20139 in Dunedin, Taranaki, 62\u20133, South Auckland 63-11 at Davies Park. They then defeated Auckland 26-4 at Carlaw Park. The Auckland side was Des White, Don Clapp, Tommy Baxter, Cyril Eastlake, Vern Bakalich, Bill Sorensen, captain Des Barchard, Jack Wright, George Davidson, Jack Meates, Henry Maxwell, Doug Richards-Jolley and Barry Singe. Australia finished the tour with a 98\u20137 victory over Northland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 64], "content_span": [65, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070860-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 New Zealand rugby league season, International competitions\nThe American All Stars arrived in the country after touring Australia. The squad had many injuries and so Des Barchard, Travers Hardwick, Frank Mulcare and Roy Roff joined the All Stars squad. Roy Moore and Dick Haggie also played in some matches. The All Stars lost to Auckland, 26\u201354, on 1 August before beating Taranaki, 21\u201318, on 5 August and Wellington 17-8 on 8 August. They then lost to the West Coast 10-27 on 11 August and Canterbury 8-39 on 15 August before beating North Auckland 26-5 on 19 August.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 64], "content_span": [65, 574]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070860-0003-0001", "contents": "1953 New Zealand rugby league season, International competitions\nThey then lost to Auckland M\u0101ori, 23\u201340, on 22 August before finishing the tour with a win against South Auckland 22-19 on 24 August. The Auckland side was Des White, Jimmy Edwards, Tommy Baxter, Cyril Eastlake, Vern Bakalich, Bill Sorensen, Keith Graham, Henry Maxwell, George Davidson, Jack Meates, Jim Riddell, Doug Richards-Jolley and Bill Goulin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 64], "content_span": [65, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070860-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 New Zealand rugby league season, International competitions\nJack Redwood stepped down as the New Zealand Rugby League chairman, after serving since 1937.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 64], "content_span": [65, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070860-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 New Zealand rugby league season, National competitions, Northern Union Cup\nAuckland again held the Northern Union Cup at the end of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 79], "content_span": [80, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070860-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 New Zealand rugby league season, National competitions, Inter-island competition\nThe South Island defeated the North Island 23-20 on 2 June.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 85], "content_span": [86, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070860-0007-0000", "contents": "1953 New Zealand rugby league season, National competitions, Inter-island competition\nThe South Island included Cyril Paskell, Jimmy Haig, Bill McLennan, John Bond, Bob Neilson, Frank Mulcare, Alister Atkinson, Jock Butterfield and Trevor Kilkelly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 85], "content_span": [86, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070860-0008-0000", "contents": "1953 New Zealand rugby league season, National competitions, Inter-district competition\nThe Meates Cup was presented by West Coast official Bill Meates for competition between the West Coast and Auckland. Auckland won the first contest 12-2 at Carlaw Park.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 87], "content_span": [88, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070860-0009-0000", "contents": "1953 New Zealand rugby league season, National competitions, Inter-district competition\nCanterbury defeated Otago 20-5 on 2 June as the curtain raiser to the South Island v North Island game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 87], "content_span": [88, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070860-0010-0000", "contents": "1953 New Zealand rugby league season, National competitions, Inter-district competition\nAuckland included Vern Bakalich, Des White and Jimmy Edwards. Canterbury included Alister Atkinson, Jimmy Haig, Cyril Paskell, Lory Blanchard, John Bond, Jock Butterfield and Trevor Kilkelly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 87], "content_span": [88, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070860-0011-0000", "contents": "1953 New Zealand rugby league season, Club competitions, Auckland\nPt Chevalier won the Auckland Rugby League's Fox Memorial Trophy. Mt Albert won the Rukutai Shield, Ponsonby won the Roope Rooster and Richmond won the Sharman Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 65], "content_span": [66, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070860-0012-0000", "contents": "1953 New Zealand rugby league season, Club competitions, Other Competitions\nSydenham defeated Dunedin Combined 24-11 at Taranga Park during Easter Weekend.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 75], "content_span": [76, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070861-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Nippon Professional Baseball season\nThe 1953 Nippon Professional Baseball season was the fourth season of operation of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070862-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 North Carolina Tar Heels football team\nThe 1953 North Carolina Tar Heels football team represented the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill during the 1953 college football season. The Tar Heels were led by first-year head coach George T. Barclay, and played their home games at Kenan Memorial Stadium. The team competed as a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference, in the conference's inaugural year, finishing tied for third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070863-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 North Dakota Fighting Sioux football team\nThe 1953 North Dakota Fighting Sioux football team, also known as the Nodaks, was an American football team that represented the University of North Dakota in the North Central Conference (NCC) during the 1953 college football season. In its fourth year under head coach Frank Zazula, the team compiled a 6\u20131\u20131 record (3\u20131\u20131 against NCC opponents), finished in third place out of seven teams in the NCC, and outscored opponents by a total of 154 to 107. The team played its home games at Memorial Stadium in Grand Forks, North Dakota.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070864-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 North Dakota State Bison football team\nThe 1953 North Dakota State Bison football team was an American football team that represented North Dakota State University during the 1953 college football season as a member of the North Central Conference. In their fourth year under head coach Mac Wenskunas, the team compiled a 3\u20135 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070865-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 North Down by-election\nThe 1953 North Down by-election was held on 15 April 1953. It was held due to the incumbent Ulster Unionist Party MP, Walter Smiles, dying in the sinking of the MV\u00a0Princess Victoria off the Copeland Islands, in the same storm which caused the North Sea flood of 1953. It was retained by his daughter, Patricia Ford, who was unopposed when she stood as the Unionist candidate. She became the first woman to sit as an Ulster Unionist MP but she stood down in the 1955 general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070866-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 North Dunedin by-election\nThe 1953 North Dunedin by-election was a by-election held during the 30th New Zealand Parliament in the Dunedin electorate of North Dunedin. The by-election occurred following the death of MP Robert Walls and was won by Ethel McMillan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070866-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 North Dunedin by-election, Background\nRobert Walls, who was first elected to represent Dunedin North (the electorate's previous and subsequent name) for the Labour Party in the 1945 by-election, died on 6 November 1953. This triggered the North Dunedin by-election, which was held on 12 December 1953. Ethel McMillan was the candidate for the Labour Party and Walter MacDougall was the candidate for the National Party. McMillan obtained 61.96% of the votes and was successful.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070866-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 North Dunedin by-election, Background\nMcMillan became the first woman to represent Dunedin North and would represent the electorate until the 1975 election, when she was defeated against Richard Walls of the National Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070867-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Northeast Louisiana State Indians football team\nThe 1953 Northeast Louisiana State Indians football team was an American football team that represented Northeast Louisiana State College (now known as the University of Louisiana at Monroe) in the Gulf States Conference during the 1953 college football season. In their nineteenth year under head coach James L. Malone, the team compiled a 1\u20139 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070868-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Northern Illinois State Huskies football team\nThe 1953 Northern Illinois State Huskies football team represented Northern Illinois State Teachers College in the 1953 college football season. There were no divisions of college football during this time period, and the Huskies competed in the Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference. They were led by 25th-year head coach Chick Evans and played their home games at the 5,500 seat Glidden Field, located on the east end of campus.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070869-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Northern Ireland general election\nThe 1953 Northern Ireland general election was held on 22 October 1953. Like all previous elections to the Parliament of Northern Ireland, it produced a large majority for the Ulster Unionist Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070869-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Northern Ireland general election, Results\nAll parties shown. Electorate 888,352 (428,216 in contested seats); Turnout 60.2% (257,924).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 47], "content_span": [48, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070870-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Northern Kyushu flood\nThe 1953 North Kyushu flood was a flood which hit Northern Kyushu, Japan (Fukuoka Prefecture, Saga Prefecture, Kumamoto Prefecture and \u014cita Prefecture) in June 1953. The flood was caused by cloudbursts and prolonged rain from the Meiyu rain front which dropped 1,000\u00a0mm (3.3 ft.) of rain over Mount Aso and Mount Hiko. This downpour resulted in the overflow of many of the surrounding rivers, such as the Chikugo River.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070870-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Northern Kyushu flood\nThe flood was a major disaster with 1,001 people dead or missing, 450,000 houses flooded, and about 1 million people affected. Due to the severity of the disaster, flood control measures along rivers in Northern Kyushu were fundamentally revised, with many of the changes still in place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070870-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Northern Kyushu flood\nThe flood was not given an official name by the Japan Meteorological Agency which has resulted in it being referred to differently in a variety of sources. In Kumamoto Prefecture, Shirakawa Great Flood (\u767d\u5ddd\u5927\u6c34\u5bb3) or 6.26 Flood (6.26\u6c34\u5bb3) are usually used. In Kitakyushu city, they tend to use North Kyushu Great Flood (\u5317\u4e5d\u5dde\u5927\u6c34\u5bb3).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070870-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Northern Kyushu flood, Causes\nThe flood was the result of a combination of meteorological and geological factors that contributed to large amounts of precipitation as well as topographical features which exacerbated the effects of the precipitation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 34], "content_span": [35, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070870-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Northern Kyushu flood, Causes, Meteorological\nEarly June the Meiyu rain front had briefly come to a standstill over north-central Kyushu, raining over the city of Fukuoka and Nagasaki at the start before latter bringing rains over Kumamoto. Later the front moved south over Amami \u014cshima before fluctuating between Amami \u014cshima and Yakushima. Meanwhile from the south, the Pacific High in the area around the Philippines began to grow in strength and push the rain front into the Tsushima Strait. At the same time a mobile anticyclone from China began pushing the rain front back towards Yakushima.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 50], "content_span": [51, 602]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070870-0004-0001", "contents": "1953 Northern Kyushu flood, Causes, Meteorological\nTrapped between these two competing forces the rain front became stabilized over Mount Aso around June 23. Moist, warm air from the high pressure areas stimulated the rain front while low pressure waves that would have normally passed through were instead redirected through the Tsushima Strait. Working in tandem these meteorological conditions generated the cloudbursts and prolonged rain that led to the unprecedented amount of precipitation over northern Kyushu.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 50], "content_span": [51, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070870-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Northern Kyushu flood, Causes, Geographical\nIn addition to the heavy precipitation, geographical factors contributed to and exacerbated the flood. Mount Aso, one of the largest active volcanoes in the world, has produced throughout the surrounding area a lava cap of andesite which is poorly permeable to water. Additionally, deforestation during and after the Second Would War had decreased the local water retention capacity. These factors combined to allow the precipitation to quickly flow unimpeded into nearby waterways which subsequently exceeded their capacities. Furthermore, just two months prior on April 27, Mt. Aso had erupted and deposited 5.16 metric tons of ash which combined with the rain water to produce a debris flow.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 48], "content_span": [49, 743]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070870-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 Northern Kyushu flood, Causes, Geographical\nTopographically, the rivers in northern Kyushu tend to follow steep grades which cause them to flow rapidly downstream. Additionally the river systems in the area have larger drainage basins upstream than middle- and downstream with the Shirakawa River and Chikugo River having drainage basin ratios of 80% and 70% respectively between their upstream and downstream systems. These topographical features resulted in the upstream systems quickly accumulating and transporting water in amounts that the lower stream systems couldn\u2019t handle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 48], "content_span": [49, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070870-0007-0000", "contents": "1953 Northern Kyushu flood, Flood, Flood in Fukuoka Prefecture: Chikugogawa Area\nThe Chikugo River (\u7b51\u5f8c\u5ddd, Chikugo-gawa) flows through Kumamoto, Oita, Fukuoka and Saga prefectures in Japan. With a total length of 143 kilometres (89\u00a0mi), it is the longest river on Kyushu. It flows from Mount Aso and empties into the Ariake Sea. The river is important to industry, with twenty electrical power plants located along its banks, as well as the major city of Kurume in Fukuoka Prefecture.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 80], "content_span": [81, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070870-0008-0000", "contents": "1953 Northern Kyushu flood, Damage\nThe Japanese Government took appropriate measures comparable with those took for typhoons in 1948. The 5th Yoshida Cabinet (Government) placed \"Nishinihon (West Japan) flood countermeasure center\" in Fukuoka City. Not only National Safety Forces(which later became Land Force), but also American soldiers helped. The people in the flooded areas greatly appreciated the supply of free food and water, while they thought the flood was a natural disaster and could not be helped.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 34], "content_span": [35, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070870-0009-0000", "contents": "1953 Northern Kyushu flood, Countermeasures\n1953 was the year of great disasters; the heavy rain in the south Kishu area, Wakayama Prefecture, with 1,046 people dead and missing and in the Minami Yamashiro area (105 people were killed). The causes were attributed to reckless deforestation, and the lack of water control after the second world war. The damaged Yoake Dam was investigated but the inadequate water control of the upper river was found to blame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 43], "content_span": [44, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070870-0009-0001", "contents": "1953 Northern Kyushu flood, Countermeasures\nThe Japanese Government decided to follow America and its Tenessey Valley Corporation and started to build many dams such as, Matsubara Dam, Shimauch Tsutsumi (Chikugo River), Shimouke Dam (Tsue River), \u014cishi, Harazuru, Sennenbunsuiro (Chikugo River), Chikugoooseki, Terauchi Dam (Sata River), Ishiharagawa Dam, \u014cishi Dam, Jouharagawa Dam, Hyugakami Dam, Masubuchi Dam, Aburagi Dam, and Jin-ya Dam. In 2009, the countermeasures were again under review in view of the global warming and heat island phenomenon and the outbreaks of heavy rainfall in Northern Kyushu in 2009.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 43], "content_span": [44, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070871-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Northwestern Wildcats football team\nThe 1953 Northwestern Wildcats team represented Northwestern University during the 1953 Big Ten Conference football season. In their seventh year under head coach Bob Voigts, the Wildcats compiled a 3\u20136 record (0-6  against Big Ten Conference opponents), finished in last place in the Big Ten, and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 205 to 166.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070872-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Norwegian Football Cup\nThe 1953 Norwegian Football Cup was the 48th season of the Norwegian annual knockout football tournament. The tournament was open for all members of NFF, except those from Northern Norway. The final was played at Ullevaal Stadion in Oslo on 25 October 1953, and was contested by Lillestr\u00f8m, who made their first appearance in the cup final and Viking, who had lost the cup final on two previous occasions (1933 and 1947). Viking secured their first title with a 2-1 win in the final. Sparta was the defending champions, but was eliminated by Stavanger in the fourth round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 600]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070873-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Norwegian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Norway on 12 October 1953. The result was a victory for the Labour Party, which won 77 of the 150 seats in the Storting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070873-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Norwegian parliamentary election, Results\nThe joint list of the Farmers' Party and Conservative Party won one seat, which was taken by the Conservative Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 46], "content_span": [47, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070874-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team\nThe 1953 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team represented the University of Notre Dame during the 1953 college football season. John Lattner won the Heisman Trophy although he did not even lead the Irish in passing, rushing, receiving or scoring. Lattner held the Notre Dame record for all-purpose yards until Vagas Ferguson broke it in 1979.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070874-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team, Game summaries, Oklahoma\nDon Penza blocked and recovered a kick to set up one touchdown and recovered a fumble that led to another Notre Dame score.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 70], "content_span": [71, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070874-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team, Team players drafted into the NFL\nThe following players were drafted into professional football following the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 79], "content_span": [80, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070875-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Nova Scotia general election\nThe 1953 Nova Scotia general election was held on 26 May 1953 to elect members of the 45th House of Assembly of the Province of Nova Scotia, Canada. It was won by the Liberal party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070876-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Nutts Corner BEA Vickers Viking accident\nOn 5 January 1953, a Vickers Viking airliner operated by British European Airways crashed on approach to Belfast Nutts Corner Airport, Northern Ireland. The aircraft was on a domestic flight from London Northolt Airport with 31 passengers and 4 crew on board. Twenty-four of the passengers and three crew members died in the accident.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070876-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Nutts Corner BEA Vickers Viking accident, Aircraft\nThe Vickers Type 610 Viking 1B airliner, powered by two Bristol Hercules 634 14-cylinder radial engines, was registered G-AJDL with manufacturer's serial number 262. It was delivered to British European Airways in March 1949. Originally named Vortex by the airline, it was renamed Lord St Vincent around 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 55], "content_span": [56, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070876-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Nutts Corner BEA Vickers Viking accident, Accident\nG-AJDL left Northolt at 07:27, 25 minutes late. Two hours later it was on approach to Nutts Corner. When the aircraft was 3 miles (4.8\u00a0km) out from the runway threshold it was 90 feet (27\u00a0m) above the glideslope. The aircraft then rapidly lost height and hit the pole supporting an approach light a short distance from the aerodrome. Following the initial impact the aircraft hit further poles; it then hit a mobile standard beam approach van before striking a brick building housing equipment operating the instrument landing system about 200 yards (180\u00a0m) from the runway. This impact caused the aircraft to break up. There was a slight fire after the accident.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 55], "content_span": [56, 719]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070876-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Nutts Corner BEA Vickers Viking accident, Investigation\nA board of inquiry was formed to investigate the accident, chaired by David Scott Cairns, QC. It opened in London on 14 April 1953. After hearing evidence, the board concluded that the pilot, Captain Hartley, made \"errors of judgement\" but that no moral blame was to be attached to him regarding the accident. The board mentioned that hitting the van stopped any chance of the aircraft reaching the runway, and then hitting the building made a tragedy inevitable.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 60], "content_span": [61, 524]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070876-0003-0001", "contents": "1953 Nutts Corner BEA Vickers Viking accident, Investigation\nThe approach lights were found to not be at the top of the poles, to ease maintenance; although that was not judged a factor in the crash, the lights were moved to the top of the poles following the accident. It was also recommended that when the ILS building was rebuilt that it should be offset from the approach path, or that it should be sited underground.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 60], "content_span": [61, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070877-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Ohio Bobcats football team\nThe 1953 Ohio Bobcats football team was an American football team that represented Ohio University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1953 college football season. In their fifth season under head coach Carroll Widdoes, the Bobcats won the MAC championship, compiled a 6\u20132\u20131 record (5\u20130\u20131 against MAC opponents), and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 245 to 86.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070877-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Ohio Bobcats football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Tom Ascani with 537 rushing yards, Bill Frederick with 627 passing yards, and Lou Sawchik with 511 receiving yards and seven touchdowns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070878-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Ohio State Buckeyes football team\nThe 1953 Ohio State Buckeyes football team represented the Ohio State University in the 1953 Big Ten Conference football season. The Buckeyes compiled a 6\u20133 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070879-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Oklahoma A&M Cowboys football team\nThe 1953 Oklahoma A&M Cowboys football team represented Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechanical College (later renamed Oklahoma State University\u2013Stillwater) in the Missouri Valley Conference during the 1953 college football season. In their fourth season under head coach Jennings B. Whitworth, the Cowboys compiled a 7\u20133 record (3\u20131 against conference opponents), tied with Detroit for the Missouri Valley championship, and outscored opponents by a combined total of 178 to 149.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 516]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070879-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Oklahoma A&M Cowboys football team\nOn offense, the 1953 team averaged 17.8 points scored, 226.5 rushing yards, and 47.9 passing yards per game. On defense, the team allowed an average of 14.9 points scored, 164.8 rushing yards and 78.4 passing yards per game. The team's statistical leaders included Earl Lunsford with 748 rushing yards, Bobby Green with 219 passing yards, and Bob LaRue with 122 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070879-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Oklahoma A&M Cowboys football team\nFour Oklahoma A&M players received first-team All-Missouri Valley Conference honors: end Bob LaRue, tackle Dale Meinert, and backs Bill Bredde, and Earl Lunsford.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070879-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Oklahoma A&M Cowboys football team\nThe team played its home games at Lewis Field in Stillwater, Oklahoma.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070879-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Oklahoma A&M Cowboys football team, After the season\nThe 1954 NFL Draft was held on January 28, 1954. The following Cowboys were selected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 57], "content_span": [58, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070880-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Oklahoma Sooners football team\nThe 1953 Oklahoma Sooners football team represented the University of Oklahoma during the 1953 college football season. Led by seventh-year head coach Bud Wilkinson, they played their home games at Oklahoma Memorial Stadium in Norman, Oklahoma, and were members of the Big Seven Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070880-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Oklahoma Sooners football team\nThe Sooners dropped their opener at home to top-ranked Notre Dame, tied at Pittsburgh, then won nine straight, concluding with a 7\u20130 shutout of #1 Maryland in the Orange Bowl in Miami on New Year's Day. The final polls were released in late November, prior to the bowl games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070880-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Oklahoma Sooners football team\nOklahoma's initial win of the 1953 season, over Texas in Dallas on October 10, was the start of their record 47-game winning streak that extended more than four years, until November 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070880-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Oklahoma Sooners football team, Postseason, NFL draft\nThe following players were drafted into the National Football League following the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 58], "content_span": [59, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070881-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Ole Miss Rebels football team\nThe 1953 Ole Miss Rebels football team represented the University of Mississippi during the 1953 college football season. The Rebels were led by seventh-year head coach Johnny Vaught and played their home games at Hemingway Stadium in Oxford, Mississippi (and one alternate site game in Jackson, Mississippi). They competed as members of the Southeastern Conference, finishing in a three-way tie for second with a record of 7\u20132\u20131 (4\u20131\u20131 SEC). They were not invited to a bowl game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070882-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Omloop Het Volk\nThe 1953 Omloop Het Volk was the ninth edition of the Omloop Het Volk cycle race and was held on 8 March 1953. The race started and finished in Ghent. The race was won by Ernest Sterckx.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070883-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Onehunga by-election\nThe Onehunga by-election 1953 was a by-election held in the Onehunga electorate in Auckland during the term of the 30th New Zealand Parliament, on 19 December 1953. The by-election was won by Hugh Watt of the Labour Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070883-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Onehunga by-election, Background\nThe by-election was caused by the death of incumbent MP Arthur Osborne of the Labour Party on 15 November 1953. In early November 1953 Osborne announced that he was not seeking re-election and would retire at the 1954 general election due to ill health. As a result, Labour had already begun preparations to replace him in the electorate at the time of Osborne's death.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 37], "content_span": [38, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070883-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Onehunga by-election, Candidates\nThe Labour Party selected Hugh Watt, who ran a local engineering business, as their candidate. Watt had stood unsuccessfully for Labour in Remuera in 1949 election and in Parnell in 1951 election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 37], "content_span": [38, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070883-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Onehunga by-election, Candidates\nLeonard George Bradley was selected as the National Party candidate. Bradley had contested Onehunga in the previous general election in 1951 against Osborne where he slightly increased National's share of the vote. At the 1949 election he had stood unsuccessfully for National in Auckland Central.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 37], "content_span": [38, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070883-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Onehunga by-election, Aftermath\nWatt represented the electorate until he retired at the 1975 election. Bradley stood for National in Otahuhu in 1954 election and Waitakere in 1957 election, but was unsuccessful.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 36], "content_span": [37, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070884-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Open Championship\nThe 1953 Open Championship was the 82nd Open Championship, held 8\u201310 July at the Carnoustie Golf Links in Carnoustie, Angus, Scotland. In his only Open Championship appearance, Ben Hogan prevailed by four strokes over four runners-up to win his third major championship of the year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070884-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Open Championship\nThe total prize money was increased by nearly fifty percent, from \u00a31,700 to \u00a32,500. The winner received \u00a3500, with \u00a3300 for second, \u00a3200 for third, \u00a3100 for fourth, \u00a375 for fifth, \u00a330 for next 20, and then \u00a325 each for the remaining players. There was also a \u00a315 prize for winning the qualification event and four \u00a315 prizes for the lowest score in each round. The purse of \u00a32,500 ($7,000) and the winner's share of \u00a3500 ($1,400), were less than one-third that of the U.S. Open or PGA Championship in 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 529]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070884-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Open Championship\nQualifying took place on 6\u20137 July, Monday and Tuesday, with 18 holes each on the Championship and Burnside courses. The number of qualifiers was limited to a maximum of 100, and ties for 100th place would not qualify. On Monday, John Panton led the qualifiers on the Championship course after a 69 while Bobby Locke scored 65 on the Burnside course. Locke's scored 71 on the second day and a total of 136 put him five shots ahead of the rest. Panton and Christy O'Connor were next on 141, and Hogan qualified comfortably on 145. Peter Thomson, the 1952 runner-up, only just qualified on 154 after taking 80 on the Championship course. The qualifying score was 154 and 91 players advanced.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 711]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070884-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Open Championship\nHogan, with the Masters and U.S. Open titles, made the trip across the Atlantic for the Open Championship for the only time in his career. He arrived at Carnoustie two weeks early to practice with the smaller British golf ball.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070884-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Open Championship\nThe policy of requiring all players to qualify, the small purse, the lengthy ocean voyage, and the conflict of schedule with the PGA Championship kept all but a few Americans at home; only four qualified for the first round on Wednesday, and three made the 36-hole cut to play the final two rounds on Friday. A maximum of 50 players could make the cut after 36 holes, and ties for 50th place were not included; it was at 154 (+10) and 49 advanced to the final two rounds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070884-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Open Championship\nAlthough the field of 91 that qualified was mostly British, a strong international contingent stood ready to challenge Hogan, including fellow Americans Lloyd Mangrum and Frank Stranahan, Thomson of Australia, Antonio Cerd\u00e1 and Roberto De Vicenzo of Argentina, and Locke of South Africa, the defending champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070884-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 Open Championship\nThe Open Championship was Hogan's third major title of the year, but the modern Grand Slam was not possible, as the PGA Championship conflicted with the Open in 1953; the final match (36 holes) of the seven-day PGA Championship was played near Detroit on Tuesday, 7 July. After his automobile accident in 1949, Hogan did not enter the PGA Championship until 1960, after it became a stroke play event. He had won the PGA Championship in 1946 and 1948 before the accident.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 493]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070884-0007-0000", "contents": "1953 Open Championship\nHogan did not play in another Open Championship, although he did make a lasting impression on Carnoustie. The par-5 6th hole features a split fairway, with the right side being safer but the left offering a better angle to the green. Hogan found the narrow left side in each of the four rounds, and that hole is now known as \"Hogan's Alley.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070884-0008-0000", "contents": "1953 Open Championship\nHogan remains the only player to win the Masters, U.S. Open, and Open Championship in the same calendar year. After winning the first two majors of the year, Arnold Palmer (1960) and Jack Nicklaus (1972) were runners-up by a stroke. Tiger Woods won the Masters and U.S. Open in 2002, but shot 81-65 on the weekend to finish six strokes back at Muirfield, tied for 28th place. At St. Andrews in 2015, Jordan Spieth bogeyed the 71st hole (Road) and missed a three-man playoff by one stroke.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070884-0009-0000", "contents": "1953 Open Championship\nAfter the win, Hogan and his wife Valerie were passengers on the SS United States westbound to New York City, where he received a ticker tape parade down Broadway on July\u00a021.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070884-0010-0000", "contents": "1953 Open Championship, Course\n^ The 6th hole was renamed Hogan's Alley in 2003", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 79]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070884-0011-0000", "contents": "1953 Open Championship, Round summaries, First round\nStranahan set the early pace with a first round of 70, with Eric Brown in 2nd with a 71. Locke shot 72 and joined Dai Rees, Thomson, and De Vicenzo in 3rd. Dealing with putting problems, Hogan had to settle for an opening round of 73.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 52], "content_span": [53, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070884-0012-0000", "contents": "1953 Open Championship, Round summaries, Second round\nHogan's problems on the green continued in the second round, but he managed to better his score with a 71. Rees finished the round birdie-eagle to card a 70, giving him a share of the lead with Brown. De Vicenzo was in 3rd, with Hogan, Stranahan, and Thomson a shot further back. Stranahan was the sole amateur to make the cut.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 53], "content_span": [54, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070884-0013-0000", "contents": "1953 Open Championship, Round summaries, Third round\nIn the third round, Cerd\u00e1 set a new course record with a round of 69. Thomson shot 71 to join Cerd\u00e1 and Rees in 3rd. Hogan was having an excellent round until he found trouble on the 17th, but he managed to get up-and-down from a bunker and salvage a 6. He birdied the 18th to card a 70 for a share of the lead with De Vicenzo.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 52], "content_span": [53, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070884-0014-0000", "contents": "1953 Open Championship, Round summaries, Final round\nIn the final round, Stranahan was out first and posted a 69 and 286 total, including an eagle at the last. De Vicenzo was unable to recover after hitting his ball out of bounds at the 9th and finished at 287. Hogan chipped-in for birdie at the 5th, then followed with another birdie at 6. He opened up a two-shot lead at the 13th, saved par at the 17th, then made another birdie at 18. Battling the flu, he finished with a round of 68 to better the record that Cerd\u00e1 had set that morning. His total of 282 was four shots clear of the field.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 52], "content_span": [53, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070885-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Orange Bowl\nThe 1953 Orange Bowl, part of the 1952 bowl game season, took place on January 1, 1953, at the Orange Bowl in Miami, Florida. The competing teams were the Alabama Crimson Tide, representing the Southeastern Conference (SEC) and the Syracuse Orangemen, competing as a football independent. Alabama won the game by a record margin of 61\u20136. The 55-point margin of victory remained the largest for a bowl game until the 2008 GMAC Bowl, and still stands as the largest margin of victory for an Alabama football team in a bowl game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 543]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070885-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Orange Bowl, Teams, Alabama\nThe 1952 Alabama squad posted their best overall record the 1950s, finishing 9\u20132 leading into the postseason. However, losses to Tennessee and Georgia Tech cost the Tide an SEC title. The day after defeating Maryland 27\u20137, Alabama accepted a bid to play in the Orange Bowl on New Years Day. The appearance marked the second for Alabama in the Orange Bowl, as they defeated Boston College 37\u201321 in the 1943 game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 32], "content_span": [33, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070885-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Orange Bowl, Teams, Syracuse\nThe 1952 Syracuse squad finished the regular season with a record of 7\u20132 and as winners of the Lambert Trophy for the first time in school history. The Orangemen accepted a bid to play in the Orange Bowl after Navy declined the initial bid.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 33], "content_span": [34, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070885-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Orange Bowl, Game summary\nAlabama opened the scoring on the afternoon with a 27-yard touchdown pass from Clell Hobson to Bobby Luna to take a 7\u20130 lead. Syracuse responded on the following possession with their lone points of the game on a 15-yard, Joe Szombathy touchdown run. After the extra point failed, the score was 7\u20136. The Orangemen did not score again while the Crimson Tide scored 54 unanswered points. Alabama extended their lead to 21\u20136 at the half with two touchdowns on a one-yard Bobby Marlow run and a 50-yard Thomas Tharp reception from Hobson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 30], "content_span": [31, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070885-0003-0001", "contents": "1953 Orange Bowl, Game summary\nThe scoring continued in the third quarter with three more touchdowns on a 38-yard Bobby Luna run and runs of one and 30-yards by Tommy Lewis. Leading 41\u20136, Alabama scored another three touchdowns in the fourth quarter on a 21-yard Joe Cummings reception from Bart Starr, an 80-yard Hootie Ingram punt return and a 60-yard Marvin Hill interception return.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 30], "content_span": [31, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070885-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Orange Bowl, Game summary\nThe final score of 61\u20136 set an NCAA record for largest margin of victory in a bowl game, surpassing the previous record of 49 points set by Michigan in both the 1902 and 1948 Rose Bowl Games. The 55-point margin of victory stood as the all-time record for a bowl game through the 2008 GMAC Bowl where Tulsa defeated Bowling Green 63\u20137 for a 56-point margin of victory. The 55-points still stands as the largest margin of victory for an Alabama football team in a bowl game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 30], "content_span": [31, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070886-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Oregon State Beavers football team\nThe 1953 Oregon State Beavers football team represented Oregon State College in the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) during the 1953 college football season. In their fifth season under head coach Kip Taylor, the Beavers compiled a 3\u20136 record (3\u20135 in PCC, sixth), and were outscored 187\u00a0to\u00a039. OSC opened with five shutout losses,  then visited and shut out the Idaho Vandals 19\u20130 for their first points and win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 450]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070886-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Oregon State Beavers football team\nThe Beavers played two home games at Multnomah Stadium in Portland and opened the new Parker Stadium in Corvallis on November\u00a014 with a 7\u20130 homecoming win over Washington State, then won their fifth consecutive Civil\u00a0War game over Oregon, this year on the road in\u00a0Eugene.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070887-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Oregon Webfoots football team\nThe 1953 Oregon Webfoots football team represented the University of Oregon in the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) during the 1953 college football season. In their third season under head coach Len Casanova, the Webfoots compiled a 4\u20135\u20131 record (2\u20135\u20131 against PCC opponents), finished in eighth place in the PCC, and outscored their opponents, 91 to 85. The team played its home games at Hayward Field in Eugene, Oregon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070888-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Ormskirk by-election\nThe Ormskirk by-election of 12 November 1953 was held after the elevation to the Peerage of Conservative MP Arthur Salter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070888-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Ormskirk by-election\nThe seat was safe, having been won at the 1951 United Kingdom general election by almost 14,000 votes", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070889-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Orsz\u00e1gos Bajnoks\u00e1g I (men's water polo)\n1953 Orsz\u00e1gos Bajnoks\u00e1g I (men's water polo) was the 47th water polo championship in Hungary. There were ten teams who played two-round match for the title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070889-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Orsz\u00e1gos Bajnoks\u00e1g I (men's water polo), Final list\n* M: Matches W: Win D: Drawn L: Lost G+: Goals earned G-: Goals got P: Point", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 56], "content_span": [57, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070889-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Orsz\u00e1gos Bajnoks\u00e1g I (men's water polo), 2. Class\nBudapest: 1. Vasas GD Haj\u00f3gy\u00e1r 33, 2. F\u00e1klya Opera 33, 3. Bp. Szikra 20, 4. III. ker. V\u00f6r\u00f6s Lobog\u00f3 20, 5. Bp. Halad\u00e1s 18, 6. Bp. El\u0151re 15, 7. Vasas M\u00c1VAG 13, 8. Csepeli Vasas 13, 9. El\u0151re M\u00c1VAUT 8, 10. Bp. V\u00f6r\u00f6s Meteor 7 point.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070890-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Ottawa Rough Riders season\nThe 1953 Ottawa Rough Riders finished in 3rd place in the IRFU with a 7\u20137 record and failed to qualify for the playoffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070891-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 PFC Cherno More Varna season\nThe 1953 season was Cherno More's second consecutive season in Republican Football Group A after being administratively relegated in 1949 and returning to the top flight in 1952. The club competed as VMS Stalin after Varna was renamed after the Soviet dictator in December 1949. Cherno more finished in 3rd place which was the club's highest post-war league finish until it was matched in 2008-2009.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070892-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 PGA Championship\nThe 1953 PGA Championship was the 35th PGA Championship, held July 1\u20137 at Birmingham Country Club in Birmingham, Michigan, a suburb northwest of Detroit. Local resident  Walter Burkemo won the match play championship, 2 & 1 over Felice Torza in the Tuesday final. The winner's share was $5,000 and the runner-up's was $3,000. Burkemo won his only major title in the second of his three finals; he lost to Sam Snead in 1951 and Chick Harbert in 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070892-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 PGA Championship\nJohnny Palmer was the medalist of the stroke play qualifier, awarded $250 for his 134 (\u22128), with a second round at 66. He lost in the first round to Jack Grout; also defeated on \"Black Friday\" were pre-tournament favorites Cary Middlecoff, three-time champion Sam Snead, and defending champion Jim Turnesa. No former past champion advanced past the second round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070892-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 PGA Championship\nBurkemo's win marked the second time that all four major championships were won by Americans in a calendar year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070892-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 PGA Championship, Format\nThe match play format at the PGA Championship in 1953 called for 12 rounds (216 holes) in seven days:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 29], "content_span": [30, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070892-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 PGA Championship, Conflict with British Open\nThe Open Championship in Carnoustie, Scotland, was held July 8\u201310. Its mandatory 36-hole qualifier was played the two days before the first round, the same days as the semifinals and final at the PGA Championship in Michigan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 49], "content_span": [50, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070892-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 PGA Championship, Conflict with British Open\nBen Hogan, the reigning Masters and U.S. Open champion, traveled to Britain for the only time to qualify for the Open. He won the Claret Jug by four strokes and set the course record at Carnoustie during the final round. First prize was a modest \u00a3500 ($1,400), less than one-third of the PGA's. Hogan won the PGA Championship in 1946 and 1948, then did not enter for over a decade. After his near-fatal automobile accident in early 1949, his battered legs could not endure the arduous double-round schedule for five consecutive days. He played in three of the events in the 1960s, after the change of format to stroke play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 49], "content_span": [50, 673]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070892-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 PGA Championship, Conflict with British Open\nThe concept of the modern grand slam and professional major championships were not firmly established in 1953, as evidenced by the schedule conflict in early July. The PGA Championship moved two weeks later in 1954 to avoid this conflict, but during the 1960s, the two majors were played in consecutive weeks in July on five occasions. The PGA Championship was first played in August in 1965, and moved permanently in 1969, except for 1971 when it was played in Florida in February.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 49], "content_span": [50, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070893-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Pacific Tigers football team\nThe 1953 Pacific Tigers football team represented the College of the Pacific during the 1953 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070893-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Pacific Tigers football team\nPacific competed as an independent in 1953. They played home games in Pacific Memorial Stadium in Stockton, California. In their first season under head coach Jack Myers, the Tigers finished with a record of four wins, four losses and two ties (4\u20134\u20132). For the season they outscored their opponents 191\u2013172.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070893-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Pacific Tigers football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo College of the Pacific players were selected in the 1954 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070894-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Pacific hurricane season\nThe 1953 Pacific hurricane season was the least active season on record. The season officially began on May 15 in the northeast Pacific Ocean and on June 1 in the central northern Pacific. They ended on November 30. These dates conventionally delimit the time of year when most tropical cyclones form in northeast Pacific Ocean. Before the satellite age started in the 1960s, data prior to that time on Pacific hurricanes is extremely unreliable as most east Pacific storms are of no threat to land.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 529]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070894-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Pacific hurricane season\nOf the four known tropical systems, two became hurricanes. Although only a tropical storm, the first storm of the season was the deepest, with a pressure of 981\u00a0mbar (29.0\u00a0inHg). This season is unusual in that no one was killed, no damage was inflicted, and no tropical cyclones made landfall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070894-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Pacific hurricane season, Seasonal summary\nOnly four known systems were observed during the 1953 season. This was below the average at that time, which was six. Furthermore, the season was well below the 1949-2006\u00a0average of 13\u00a0named storms and had the fewest storms in the hurricane database. Only two tropical cyclones reached hurricane status, compared to the modern-day average of seven. Furthermore, 1953 is also one of the few seasons without a major hurricane.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070894-0002-0001", "contents": "1953 Pacific hurricane season, Seasonal summary\nThis season was part of a decade-long absence of major hurricanes; from 1950\u201356, no major hurricanes (Category 3 or higher on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale) were reported in the Eastern Pacific basin. However, it is possible that some storms were missed due to the lack of satellite coverage in the region in addition to the lack of Hurricane Hunter data, which did not become available until the following year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070894-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Pacific hurricane season, Seasonal summary\nThe four known storms developed between the 14\u00b0 N and  the 20\u00b0 N. All of the storms remained at sea throughout their lifetime; no deaths nor damages were noted during the season, though moisture from two of them reached the Southwestern United States. The season got onto an extremely slow start. The first storm formed in late August. At that time, it was believed that two systems would have long formed by then on average. According to the modern-day National Hurricane Center, 8-10 storms would have by that time on average.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070894-0003-0001", "contents": "1953 Pacific hurricane season, Seasonal summary\nAdditionally, 1953 had the latest start date of any Pacific hurricane season on record. Additionally, 1953 is the only season in the database to have no storms by August. Throughout the 1953 hurricane season, the Weather Bureau office in Los Angeles (WBOLA) issued 42 advisories during the season, mostly due to the storms' threat to Southern California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070894-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Pacific hurricane season, Seasonal summary\nIn addition to the four storms in the dataset, according to the Joint Typhoon Warning Center and Japan Meteorological Agency, on October\u00a022 Tropical Storm Alice crossed the International Dateline, entering into CPHC's area of responsibility. The storm eventually became extratropical on October\u00a023 over open waters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070894-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm One\nThunderstorm activity off the Mexican coast was quite for the first half of August. Based on data from six ships, a closed atmospheric circulation may have formed near the Revillagigedo Islands at 0000 UTC on August 23, which are situated roughly 350\u00a0mi (565\u00a0km) south of the Baja California Peninsula. At this time, winds were estimated to be no higher than 28\u00a0mph (45\u00a0km/h). After formation, One moved west-northwest and on August 25, the storm attained its peak intensity of 50\u00a0mph (80\u00a0km/h). Furthermore, the ship S.S. Sirocco measured a minimum barometric pressure of 981\u00a0mbar (29.0\u00a0inHg). Although the WBOLA reported that the storm dissipated that night near the peninsula, the HURDAT database suggests that the storm maintained peak intensity for another day, until August 27 when it dissipated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 58], "content_span": [59, 861]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070894-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm One\nThe remnants of Tropical Storm One brought heavy rains to Arizona at the very end of the month. Rainfall peaked at 3.22\u00a0in (82\u00a0mm) in Williams, while two other weather stations reported more than 3\u00a0in (76\u00a0mm) of precipitation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 58], "content_span": [59, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070894-0007-0000", "contents": "1953 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Two\nShips reports from the Hawaiian Islands to Panama indicated that an area of disturbed weather formed just west of the Revillagigedo island group. Initially, evidence of closed wind circulation was not sufficient enough to warrant an upgrade into a tropical disturbance. By the afternoon, pressures in the region began to fall. By that night, it was estimated to have developed winds of 40\u00a0mph (65\u00a0km/h). A tropical storm formed on September 9; meanwhile, ship reports indicated a pressure of 1,001\u00a0mbar (29.6\u00a0inHg) and sustained winds of 50\u00a0mph (85\u00a0km/h). Maintaining peak intensity for a day, the low moved northwest before dissipating on September 10 as barometric pressures began to rise. The remnants of the storm later brought rain to Central California on September 15.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 58], "content_span": [59, 834]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070894-0008-0000", "contents": "1953 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three\nA tropical cyclone first formed on September 13 near Western Mexico (in the extreme southern Gulf of California) while generating winds of 30\u201340\u00a0mph (50\u201365\u00a0km/h). It traveled north-northeastward and Three was upgraded into a hurricane on September 14 while reaching its maximum sustained wind speed of 85\u00a0mph (135\u00a0km/h). After turning east-northeast, Hurricane Three attained its peak pressure of 982\u00a0mbar (29.0\u00a0inHg). The storm held on to its wind speed, until September 17, when the storm dissipated. The remnants of the storm deluged the Mexican coast with rain, especially in Sinaloa. Winds of 45\u00a0mph (70\u00a0km/h) were reported in Mazatlan on land; however, no damage was recorded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 738]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070894-0009-0000", "contents": "1953 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Four\nOn October 1, a closed low formed in the Gulf of Tehuantepec from an area of disturbed weather, which had persisted for several days prior. The next day, the hurricane database suggests that Four became a hurricane on October 2 while peaking in intensity, with winds of 85\u00a0mph (135\u00a0km/h). That day, a peak pressure of 991\u00a0mbar (29.3\u00a0inHg) was measured. The hurricane dissipated on October 8 later after holding on to its maximum wind speed for six days before finally dissipating nowhere near land.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 54], "content_span": [55, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070895-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Pacific typhoon season\nThe 1953 Pacific typhoon season has no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1953, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070895-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Pacific typhoon season\nThe scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean, north of the equator and west of the international date line. Storms that form east of the date line and north of the equator are called hurricanes; see 1953 Pacific hurricane season. Tropical Storms formed in the entire west Pacific basin were assigned a name by the Fleet Weather Center on Guam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070895-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Judy\nTyphoon Judy struck the Southern Japanese island of Ky\u016bsh\u016b. 37\u00a0people were killed and 15 were missing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070895-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Super Typhoon Nina\nNina was a major storm. It made landfall in China as a Category\u00a04 tropical cyclone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 56], "content_span": [57, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070895-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Super Typhoon Tess\nTyphoon Tess struck the Central Honsh\u016b Island in Japan. 393\u00a0people were killed and 85 were missing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 56], "content_span": [57, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070896-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Paddington North by-election\nThe 1953 Paddington North by-election was held on 3 December 1953 following the resignation of the incumbent Labour MP Bill Field after failing to overturn a conviction for \"importuning for immoral purposes\". It was retained by the Labour candidate Ben Parkin a left wing former MP for Stroud.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070897-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Palanca Awards\nThe Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature winners in the year 1953 (rank, title of winning entry, name of author).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070898-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Pan Arab Games\nThe 1st Pan Arab Games were held in Alexandria, Egypt between 26 July and 10 August 1953. A total number of 650 athletes from 9 countries, 8 Arab countries and Indonesia (invited) participated in events in 10 sports.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070899-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Paphos earthquake\nThe 1953 Paphos earthquake struck British Cyprus (present day Cyprus) on the morning of September 10, at 06:05 EET. It had a magnitude of Ms\u202f6.5 on the surface wave magnitude scale, and had a maximum intensity of X (Extreme) on the Mercalli intensity scale. The epicenter of this earthquake was situated off the island's west coast, near the city of Paphos where 40 people had died, and a least 100 injured. It was reportedly felt in Rhodes, Turkey, Egypt, Lebanon and Kastelorizo.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070899-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Paphos earthquake, Geological setting\nCyprus is wedged in a complex zone of interaction between the Anatolian (which part of the larger Eurasian Plate) and African Plate. These two plates are colliding along the Cyprus Arc, a plate boundary that runs south of the island. This subduction zone is offset by a small transform fault known as the Paphos Transform Fault. The plate boundary, coupled with the Dead Sea Transform and East Anatolian Fault accommodates motion of the African and Arabian Plates. This has resulted in moderately destructive, mid-range earthquakes, including a magnitude 7.1-7.5 in 1222 which caused great devastation to the island and generated a tsunami.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 42], "content_span": [43, 683]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070899-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Paphos earthquake, Geological setting, Earthquake\nThe earthquake on September 10 was associated with strike-slip faulting along or near the Paphos Transform Fault. It would be one of the most intense tremor ever felt in the region. Forty people were killed and 100 injured, mainly due to collapses as bodies were being pulled from rubbles. Another 4,000 were made homeless in the 158 towns and villages that were affected. The earthquake also triggered landslides which further damaged communities. Shaking was accompanied by a small tsunami which waves were seen along the coast of Paphos without damage. Total damage from the quake has been estimated at \u00a32 million (1953 rate).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 54], "content_span": [55, 684]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070899-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Paphos earthquake, Response\nRehabilitation and assistance were provided by the Government of the United Kingdom. On September 13, tents and aid supplies were air flown by the Royal Air Force while the Royal Navy sailed through the Suez Canal to help contribute to the recovery efforts. Blankets and clothings were supplied to those affected by the British Red Cross.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 32], "content_span": [33, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070900-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Paraguayan Primera Divisi\u00f3n season\nThe 1953 season of the Paraguayan Primera Divisi\u00f3n, the top category of Paraguayan football, was played by 11 teams. The national champions were Sportivo Luque\u00f1o.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070901-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Paraguayan general election\nGeneral elections were held in Paraguay on 15 February 1953. At the time, the Colorado Party was the only legally permitted party. As such, incumbent president candidate Federico Ch\u00e1vez was re-elected unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070901-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Paraguayan general election\nCh\u00e1vez would only stay in office for a little over a year before he was overthrown in a May 1954 coup led by General Alfredo Stroessner, who was elected his successor in special election in July.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070902-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Paris\u2013Nice\nThe 1953 Paris\u2013Nice was the 11th edition of the Paris\u2013Nice cycle race and was held from 12 March to 15 March 1953. The race started in Paris and finished in Nice. The race was won by Jean-Pierre Munch.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070903-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Paris\u2013Roubaix\nThe 1953 Paris\u2013Roubaix was the 51st\u00a0edition of the Paris\u2013Roubaix, a classic one-day cycle race in France. The single day event was held on 12 April 1953 and stretched 245\u00a0km (152\u00a0mi) from Paris to the finish at Roubaix Velodrome. The winner was Germain Derycke from Belgium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070904-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Paris\u2013Tours\nThe 1953 Paris\u2013Tours was the 47th edition of the Paris\u2013Tours cycle race and was held on 4 October 1953. The race started in Paris and finished in Tours. The race was won by Jozef Schils.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070905-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Pau Grand Prix\nThe 1953 Pau Grand Prix was a Formula Two motor race held on 6 April 1953 at the Pau circuit, in Pau, Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es-Atlantiques, France. The Grand Prix was won by Alberto Ascari for the second year running, driving the Ferrari 500. Mike Hawthorn finished second and Harry Schell third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070906-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Penn Quakers football team\nThe 1953 Penn Quakers football team represented the University of Pennsylvania during the 1953 college football season. In head coach George Munger's final season at Penn, the Quakers compiled a 3\u20135\u20131 record and were outscored 152 to 96 by their opponents. Although they finished with a losing record, Penn played a tough schedule, opposing four different ranked teams in a row, and defeating No. 10 Navy, 9\u20136. Their three losses against ranked teams were by a combined 24 points, including a ten-point loss against Notre Dame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070907-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Penn State Nittany Lions football team\nThe 1953 Penn State Nittany Lions football team represented the Pennsylvania State University in the 1953 college football season. The team was coached by Rip Engle and played its home games in New Beaver Field in University Park, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070908-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Pennsylvania Railroad train wreck\nThe 1953 Pennsylvania Railroad train wreck was a railway accident in Union Station in Washington, D.C. on January 15, 1953. The brakes on the cars of Train #173, the Federal, a passenger and mail train operated by the Pennsylvania Railroad, malfunctioned and the train crashed into the station, jumped the passenger platform, and plunged through the floor of the passenger concourse into the basement of the train station. Miraculously, there were no deaths, but 43 people were injured in the incident.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 541]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070908-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Pennsylvania Railroad train wreck, Description of the accident\nThe Federal (No. 173), was a southbound, Boston-to-Washington, D.C., overnight train carrying mail and passengers. When the train arrived in New Haven, a New Haven electric locomotive replaced the diesel along with adding several passenger cars from Springfield for the run to New York's Penn Station where PRR GG1 No. 4876, an electric locomotive, was coupled on; the train had 16 coaches and Pullman sleeping cars.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 67], "content_span": [68, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070908-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Pennsylvania Railroad train wreck, Description of the accident\nThe Federal departed Boston at 11:00 P.M. After making two stops, the train halted at Kingston, Rhode Island, about 70 miles (110\u00a0km) south of Boston. It's brakes were sticking, and a 45-minute inspection occurred. Conductors discovered a closed \"angle cock\" (an air shutoff valve) at the rear of the third car. The airbrake system aboard the rail cars had angle cocks at each end of each car. Both valves had to be open for the airbraking system to operate properly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 67], "content_span": [68, 535]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070908-0002-0001", "contents": "1953 Pennsylvania Railroad train wreck, Description of the accident\nThe only closed angle cocks should have been on the front of the locomotive and at the rear of the final car. Air brakes on trains are powered by a compressed air reservoir aboard each car. The engine supplies air pressure that is supposed to flow through the airbrake system along the entire length of the train. When this pressure is reduced by the engineer, valves on each car cause air pressure from the car's own reservoir to flow into the car's brake cylinder which applies brake shoes against the wheels and slows down the train.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 67], "content_span": [68, 604]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070908-0002-0002", "contents": "1953 Pennsylvania Railroad train wreck, Description of the accident\nIf the cars separate or the air pressure is \"dumped\" by the engineer in an emergency, the pressure immediately drops to zero and all cars in the train will brake to an emergency stop as a fail safe. Closing an angle cock at any point along the system disables this fail-safe and prevents the reduction in air pressure from being able to apply any brakes behind the closed angle cock.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 67], "content_span": [68, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070908-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Pennsylvania Railroad train wreck, Description of the accident\nA routine inspection during the train's stop in New York City, inspectors later said, found the angle cock in the correct, open position. But an after-accident investigation by the ICC revealed that the handle of the angle cock at the rear of the third coach was not in the correct position, as  a design flaw on New Haven coach #8665 allowed the handle of the angle cock valve to come into contact with the  coupler, causing the valve to close. This meant that the engine could only activate the braking power of the first three coaches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 67], "content_span": [68, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070908-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Pennsylvania Railroad train wreck, Description of the accident\nThe Federal departed New York City at 4:38 A.M. It made its regularly scheduled stops at Philadelphia; Wilmington, Delaware; and Baltimore. No braking trouble was reported at these stops. It departed Baltimore at 7:50 A.M.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 67], "content_span": [68, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070908-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Pennsylvania Railroad train wreck, Description of the accident\nBaltimore was the train's last stop before arriving at Union Station, its final destination. After leaving Baltimore, the train accelerated to 80 miles per hour (130\u00a0km/h), its normal speed. As the train neared Landover, Maryland, engineer Henry W. Brower tried to slow the train for its approach into the stub-ended tracks of Washington but the train slowed to just 60 miles per hour (97\u00a0km/h). Brower activated the emergency brakes, but the train only slowed to 50 miles per hour (80\u00a0km/h). Brower put the engine into reverse, but the electric engine began malfunctioning due to the stress placed on it. Sparks began flying from the wheels of the engine and first three coaches as they alone tried to slow the train.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 67], "content_span": [68, 786]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070908-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 Pennsylvania Railroad train wreck, Description of the accident\nThe Federal now began descending a 5,500-foot (1,700\u00a0m) long section of track on a relatively steep 0.73 percent grade. This caused the train to accelerate. Brower began sounding a distress signal on the engine's air horn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 67], "content_span": [68, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070908-0007-0000", "contents": "1953 Pennsylvania Railroad train wreck, Description of the accident\nIn the train yard at Union Station, tower operator John Feeney in K Tower set the switches to route the Federal onto Track 16. When the train raced past him at high speed, he telephoned the stationmaster's office. Clerk Ray Klopp picked up the phone. Feeney shouted, \"Runaway on Track 16!\" Klopp looked up to see the train racing directly toward his office. He shouted, \"Run for your lives!\" Then he and the other clerks ran out of the office as fast as they could. (They had just 20 seconds to get out of harm's way.) Aboard the train, conductor Thomas J. Murphy ran through the train from end to end, shouting at the passengers to get down as low as they could on the floor or on their seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 67], "content_span": [68, 762]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070908-0008-0000", "contents": "1953 Pennsylvania Railroad train wreck, Description of the accident, The wreck\nPassengers aboard the train knew something was wrong. The train would normally be moving very slowly as it passed beneath Florida Avenue. But this time it rushed past the bridge.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 78], "content_span": [79, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070908-0009-0000", "contents": "1953 Pennsylvania Railroad train wreck, Description of the accident, The wreck\nThe Federal was still moving at about 45 miles per hour (72\u00a0km/h) when it was 1,000 feet (300\u00a0m) from the terminal. It had slowed to just 35 miles per hour (56\u00a0km/h) when it struck the bumper (the steel barrier at the end of the track). The train crashed through the buffer stop, then through the stationmaster's office, and then demolished a newsstand. The locomotive began skidding to its right. It also destroyed a steel pillar in the concourse, and tore through the concourse's concrete floor (which was 6 inches (15\u00a0cm) higher than the tracks outside).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 78], "content_span": [79, 636]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070908-0010-0000", "contents": "1953 Pennsylvania Railroad train wreck, Description of the accident, The wreck\nThe floor, not designed to hold the weight of a train, gave way beneath the 475,000\u00a0lb (215.5-tonne) locomotive, and the rear of the engine plunged into the baggage and mail rooms in the basement below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 78], "content_span": [79, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070908-0011-0000", "contents": "1953 Pennsylvania Railroad train wreck, Description of the accident, The wreck\nTwo coaches came loose from the engine and the rest of the train. One of them slid onto the concourse to the right of the engine, coming to rest almost abreast of it. The other nosed downward behind the engine into the gigantic hole in the concourse floor. Six more coach cars jumped the tracks behind the train.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 78], "content_span": [79, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070908-0012-0000", "contents": "1953 Pennsylvania Railroad train wreck, Description of the accident, The wreck\nThe engine was just inches from smashing into the crowded waiting room beyond the concourse. A Life magazine photo showed the nose of the engine just pushing open the doors to the waiting room.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 78], "content_span": [79, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070908-0013-0000", "contents": "1953 Pennsylvania Railroad train wreck, Description of the accident, The wreck\nAmazingly, no one died during the accident. Only 43 people were injured, six seriously enough to require overnight hospitalization. Most of the workers in the basement had just departed for their coffee break, which spared their lives. Four Union Station workers were briefly trapped in the wreckage, but quickly extricated. The engineer had no injuries, and the fireman received only scratches. Both men climbed out of the engine under their own power.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 78], "content_span": [79, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070908-0014-0000", "contents": "1953 Pennsylvania Railroad train wreck, Description of the accident, The wreck\nThe stationmaster's clock, which was found in the wreckage, showed the time frozen at 8:38 A.M.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 78], "content_span": [79, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070908-0015-0000", "contents": "1953 Pennsylvania Railroad train wreck, Aftermath\nNBC News was able to broadcast live from Union Station just 67 minutes after the wreck occurred. This was, for the time, one of the fastest live nationwide broadcasts ever made.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 49], "content_span": [50, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070908-0016-0000", "contents": "1953 Pennsylvania Railroad train wreck, Aftermath\nDespite the extensive damage to Union Station, train service to and from D.C. was delayed but not canceled. The railroad called in a local contractor, Steiner Construction Co. of Baltimore to assess the damage and make temporary repairs. As the incident occurred just five days before the inauguration of Dwight D. Eisenhower as the 34th President of the United States, it was decided to make temporary repairs to accommodate the expected crowds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 49], "content_span": [50, 496]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070908-0016-0001", "contents": "1953 Pennsylvania Railroad train wreck, Aftermath\nWorking round the clock, the derailed cars were removed, the engine lowered into the basement, and Steiner Construction erected a temporary wooden floor over the hole in the concourse and covered it with quick-drying asphalt in just two days. The workers also built a temporary station master's office and newsstand in time for the crowds coming in to DC. PRR #4876 was later cut up on site, with the pieces hauled up the baggage ramp into gondola cars to be shipped back to the Pennsylvania Railroad's main shop complex in Altoona, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 49], "content_span": [50, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070908-0016-0002", "contents": "1953 Pennsylvania Railroad train wreck, Aftermath\nAfter new frames were ordered and a replacement superstructure fabricated, any components that were able to be reused went towards what was essentially a new 4876 that remained in service for another 30 years. Having been retired in 1983, 4876 is currently in storage at the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Museum in Baltimore with no current plans for restoration.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 49], "content_span": [50, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070908-0017-0000", "contents": "1953 Pennsylvania Railroad train wreck, Aftermath\nThe wreck of the Federal later inspired a similar scene in the 1976 motion picture Silver Streak.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 49], "content_span": [50, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070909-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Pepperdine Waves football team\nThe 1953 Pepperdine Waves football team represented George Pepperdine College as a member of the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA) during the 1953 college football season. The team was led by first-year head coach Gordon McEachron and played home games at El Camino Stadium on the campus of El Camino College in Torrance, California. They finished the season with an overall record of 3\u20136 and a mark of 2\u20133 in conference play, placing fourth in the CCAA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070909-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Pepperdine Waves football team\nOn December 7, 1953, Pepperdine announced that they were withdrawing from the CCAA in order to \"seek its own level\" in the field of athletics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070909-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Pepperdine Waves football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Pepperdine players were selected in the 1954 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 60], "content_span": [61, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070910-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Peque\u00f1a Copa del Mundo de Clubes\n1953 Peque\u00f1a Copa del Mundo de Clubes may refer to:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070911-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Peruvian Primera Divisi\u00f3n\nThe 1953 season of the Primera Divisi\u00f3n Peruana, the top category of Peruvian football, was played by 10 teams. The national champions were Mariscal Sucre", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070912-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Philadelphia Athletics season\nThe 1953 Philadelphia Athletics season involved the A's finishing seventh in the American League with a record of 59 wins and 95 losses, 41\u00bd games behind the New York Yankees, who would win their fifth consecutive World Series Championship. It was also the penultimate season for the franchise in Philadelphia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070912-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Philadelphia Athletics season, Regular season\nDuring the season, Bob Trice became the first black player in the history of the Athletics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 50], "content_span": [51, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070912-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 79], "content_span": [80, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070912-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 72], "content_span": [73, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070912-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 77], "content_span": [78, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070912-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 74], "content_span": [75, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070912-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 75], "content_span": [76, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070913-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Philadelphia Eagles season\nThe 1953 Philadelphia Eagles season was their 21st in the league. The team improved on their previous output of 7\u20135, going 7\u20134\u20131. The team failed to qualify for the playoffs for the fourth consecutive season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070913-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Philadelphia Eagles season, Off Season\nAt the end of the 1952 season, 2-year player Bud Grant is offered a pay raise in his contract. He chooses to play football in the CFL(Canadian Football League) instead. He would have a career worthy of being named to the CFL's Hall of Fame as a player. Later on he would make the Pro Football Hall of Fame as coach of the Minnesota Vikings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070913-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Philadelphia Eagles season, Off Season\nThe Eagles held training camp at Hershey Park Stadium in Hershey, PA for the 3rd strait year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070913-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Philadelphia Eagles season, Off Season\nMatt Guokas, Sr. is hired to be the PA announcer for the Eagles. Guokas played basketball for Saint Joseph's Hawks in college and the Philadelphia Warriors in the NBA. After losing his right leg in an automobile accident, Guokas turned to broadcasting, and he served as an announcer for the N Philadelphia Eagles for 32 years from 1953 to 1985.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070913-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Philadelphia Eagles season, Off Season, NFL Draft\nThe 1953 NFL Draft was held on January 22, 1953. There was 30 rounds in the draft with 12 teams picking. The San Francisco 49ers received this year's Lottery bonus pick. With this pick they chose  Harry Babcock an End out of University of Georgia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 54], "content_span": [55, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070913-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Philadelphia Eagles season, Off Season, NFL Draft\nThe 1952 expansion team Dallas Texans (NFL) folded during the 1952 season and then became the Baltimore Colts on January 23, 1953. The Colts had the number 1 pick and choose Heisman Trophy winner Billy Vessels a Halfback out of University of Oklahoma.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 54], "content_span": [55, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070913-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 Philadelphia Eagles season, Off Season, NFL Draft\nWith a 7\u20135 record in 1952  the Eagles got the 7th, 8th or 9th pick in the 30 rounds. With trading away their 1st round pick the Eagles 1st selection was the 7th pick in the 2nd round, 20th overall, they chose Al Conway a Back out of Army and William Jewell College. He  did not play due to injury and ended up as an official in the American Football League and an official in the NFL for 28 years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 54], "content_span": [55, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070913-0007-0000", "contents": "1953 Philadelphia Eagles season, Off Season, Player selections\nThe table shows the Eagles selections and what picks they had that were traded away and the team that ended up with that pick. It is possible the Eagles' pick ended up with this team via another team that the Eagles made a trade with. Not shown are acquired picks that the Eagles traded away.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 62], "content_span": [63, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070913-0008-0000", "contents": "1953 Philadelphia Eagles season, Game recaps, Week 2 vs Washington\nThe Eagles inability to hold onto the ball allows the Washington Redskins to tie them at 21 \u2013 21. The Eagles allowed 4 interceptions and would lose 1 fumble as they allowed Washington to gain 182 yards on 9 completions. The Eagles also hurt their cause by having 10 penalties for 99 yards called against them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 66], "content_span": [67, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070913-0009-0000", "contents": "1953 Philadelphia Eagles season, Game recaps, Week 12 vs Cleveland Browns\nThe Eagles give the Cleveland Browns their only loss of the regular season in the final week of the season. Cleveland would have 3 turn overs during the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 73], "content_span": [74, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070913-0010-0000", "contents": "1953 Philadelphia Eagles season, Game recaps, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 55], "content_span": [56, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070913-0011-0000", "contents": "1953 Philadelphia Eagles season, Playoffs\nWith a record of 7\u20134\u20131 the Eagles finish behind Cleveland and fail to make the playoffs. The  Detroit Lions won the National Division and played the Cleveland Browns in the 1953 NFL Championship Game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 41], "content_span": [42, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070913-0012-0000", "contents": "1953 Philadelphia Eagles season, Roster\n(All time List of Philadelphia Eagles players in franchise history)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 39], "content_span": [40, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070913-0013-0000", "contents": "1953 Philadelphia Eagles season, Postseason\nPhiladelphia finished second in last 2 seasons to the Cleveland Browns, with that Trimble is awarded a three-year contract after the team's second straight runnerup finish in 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070913-0014-0000", "contents": "1953 Philadelphia Eagles season, Awards and honors\nThe Eagles placed 6 players on the 1953 Pro Bowl team. Chuck Bednarik is named MVP of the Pro Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 50], "content_span": [51, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070914-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Philadelphia Phillies season\nThe 1953 Philadelphia Phillies season was the 71st in franchise history. They tied with the St. Louis Cardinals for third place in the National League with an 83\u201371 won\u2013loss record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070914-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 78], "content_span": [79, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070914-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 71], "content_span": [72, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070914-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 76], "content_span": [77, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070914-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070914-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 74], "content_span": [75, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070915-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Philadelphia municipal election\nPhiladelphia's municipal election of November 3, 1953, was the second held under the city charter of 1951 and represented the first test of the Democratic city government of Mayor Joseph S. Clark Jr. In the 1951 election, the voters had elected a Democratic mayor for the first time in 67 years, breaking the Republican hold on political power in the city. They had also elected a majority-Democratic City Council along with Democrats for district attorney and other citywide offices (also called row offices).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070915-0000-0001", "contents": "1953 Philadelphia municipal election\nIn 1953, the voters had the chance to continue the Democratic trend or to block it in the election for City Controller, Register of Wills, and various judges and magistrates. On election day, the Republican organization recovered from their 1951 losses, electing all their candidates citywide. Republicans celebrated the victory, but subsequent Democratic triumphs in the 1955 and 1959 elections made the 1953 result more of an aberration than a true comeback for the once-powerful Philadelphia Republican machine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070915-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Philadelphia municipal election, Background\nAfter the Democrats' 1951 electoral victory, Philadelphia's once-powerful Republican party organization lost the hold on city government that they had held since 1884. In 1953, they sought to regain their former control over the city's political scene. Both sides presented the election as a referendum on the administration of Mayor Joseph S. Clark Jr., a Democrat elected with the support of reform-minded Republicans and independents in 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070915-0001-0001", "contents": "1953 Philadelphia municipal election, Background\nIn an op-ed in The Philadelphia Inquirer the Sunday before the election, Republican City Committee chairman William J. Hamilton called the election \"an opportunity to pass judgment upon the administration of Mayor Clark who promised so much and gave so little.\" He called the Clark administration \"spendthrift and mismanaged\", and promised \"honest and efficient management\" from the Republicans. In another op-ed the same day, Democratic City Committee chairman William J. Green Jr., characterized the Clark administration in more glowing terms and framed the election as a chance for Philadelphians to decide \"whether 'good government' shall be extended\" in the city after the reforms of 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 743]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070915-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Philadelphia municipal election, City Controller\nUnder the 1951 City Charter, Philadelphia elects a City Controller to sit at the head of an independent auditing department. The Controller approves all payments made out of the city treasury and audits the executive departments. As an independently elected official, the Controller is not responsible to the mayor or the city council. The office was created as one of the good-government reforms intended to reduce the corruption that had previously plagued city government and led to the Democratic-led reform coalition of 1951. The Controller is required to audit the city finances annually and to have his work verified by a private accounting firm every three years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 53], "content_span": [54, 725]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070915-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Philadelphia municipal election, City Controller\nThe 1953 Republican primary for all offices, including Controller, was complicated by a split in the party hierarchy between the \"regular\" faction, led by Hamilton and Board of Revision of Taxes President William F. Meade; and an insurgent faction led by former Sheriff Austin Meehan. An independent slate of Republicans headed by Treasurer candidate George W. Gibson also contested the primary. In the end, Foster A. Dunlap, a local attorney and the Hamilton-Meade candidate, won with 66,557 votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 53], "content_span": [54, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070915-0003-0001", "contents": "1953 Philadelphia municipal election, City Controller\nMeehan's candidate, former Deputy Secretary of Supplies and Services Wilhelm F. Knauer, polled 50,185, and Gibson's running mate, Rudolph F. Price, tallied just 4,566. On the Democratic side, the party organization was much more unified and real estate agent Roland R. Randall was the easy victor over former State Senator H. Jerome Jaspan, 39,824 to 5,111.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 53], "content_span": [54, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070915-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Philadelphia municipal election, City Controller\nAs the election approached, Democratic District Attorney Richardson Dilworth warned of fraud by Republicans. Clark, for his part, reminded city employees of the charter's prohibition on electioneering by civil servants, most of whom were expected to vote Democratic. Dilworth's fears of fraud did not come to pass, but the election for City Controller did go to the Republicans. Dunlap defeated Randall by more than 14,000 votes in a victory Hamilton called a repudiation of \"the Clark-Dilworth-ADA combination which has saddled the city with useless debts and experimental government.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 53], "content_span": [54, 640]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070915-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Philadelphia municipal election, Other row offices\nThe 1951 charter reforms included consolidation of city and county offices. When all of the municipalities in Philadelphia County were consolidated into one city in 1854, the surviving county offices often duplicated the efforts of city offices. The new charter allowed for their consolidation, but litigation ensued about which county offices were actually state offices, and thus immune from the city's jurisdiction. A State Supreme Court case decided in 1953 settled the issue, for the most part, leaving the Register of Wills as an independently elected official.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 55], "content_span": [56, 623]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070915-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 Philadelphia municipal election, Other row offices\nFor Register of Wills, as for City Controller, the Republicans had a primary fight between the Hamilton-Meade regulars and the Meehan faction. As in that contest, the regulars were victorious, nominating Robert C. Duffy, attorney and former football star, with 67,283 votes. In second came Meehan's man, Morris J. Root, with 42,977, and William P. Shermer, an independent candidate, with 8,909. The Democrats had an easier time nominating former Congressman Francis R. Smith, who trounced Joseph F. Amodie, 40,582 to 5,470. The general election contest was one of the closest on the ballot but the Republican, Duffy, still defeated the Democrat by more than 7,500 votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 55], "content_span": [56, 726]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070915-0007-0000", "contents": "1953 Philadelphia municipal election, Other row offices\nThe State Supreme Court decision on citywide elected offices (also called row offices) was silent about the offices of city treasurer and coroner. While some city officials took this to mean that those offices could be converted to civil service positions, the City Commissioners (who were in charge of elections) interpreted the ruling the opposite way. As Democratic Commissioner Thomas P. McHenry said, \"we have had no specific law to cover the situation regarding the Treasurer and Coroner's offices.\" As a result, candidates were allowed to campaign for the two offices, even though it was unclear that the offices would continue to exist.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 55], "content_span": [56, 700]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070915-0008-0000", "contents": "1953 Philadelphia municipal election, Other row offices\nFor both offices, the Republicans nominated regulars. The incumbent treasurer, Francis D. Pastorius, defeated William M. Paschall and Gibson, with 71,364 to Pastorius, 41,244 to Paschall, and 10,464 to Gibson. The Democrats nominated Joseph F. Vogt without opposition, though he had died in April, a month before the May primary. (Vogt's was the only name on the ballot.) In September, the Democratic City Committee nominated State Representative Granville E. Jones in Vogt's place. For coroner, the nominations followed a similar pattern. The Hamilton-Meade faction nominated Edward E. Holloway, who defeated Meehan man Roger J. Soens and independent Vincent E. Costello for the Republican nomination. The Democrats renominated the incumbent, Joseph Ominsky, over challenger Gust G. Tatlas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 55], "content_span": [56, 847]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070915-0009-0000", "contents": "1953 Philadelphia municipal election, Other row offices\nShortly before election day, City Council acted to resolve the ambiguity over the offices by formally abolishing them. The act folded the coroner's office into the Health Department and the treasurer's office into the Finance Department, with informal arrangements for both incumbents to retain jobs in their respective departments as employees. In the general election, Pastorius was reelected to the abolished office, leading the entire ticket with 288,707 votes, nearly 20,000 more than Jones. Holloway also defeated Ominsky by more than 12,000 votes, making a clean sweep for Republicans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 55], "content_span": [56, 648]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070915-0010-0000", "contents": "1953 Philadelphia municipal election, Other row offices\nAfter the election, Pastorius and Holloway announced plans for a lawsuit challenging the abolition of their offices. Pastorius claimed the abolition subverted democracy, saying \"[i]f you permit an office to be abolished after the process of election has begun, you open the door to rigged elections.\" The men took their oaths of office in January 1954 for the terms to which they had been elected, but did not pursue the lawsuits and relinquished the offices the next day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 55], "content_span": [56, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070915-0011-0000", "contents": "1953 Philadelphia municipal election, Judges and magistrates\nAlthough Pennsylvania's judges are elected in partisan elections, there had been a tradition of not challenging the re-election of incumbents, or \"sitting judges.\" To that end, judicial candidates were typically endorsed by both major parties. The parties had followed the sitting judge tradition in 1951, but in 1953 the Democrats broke the informal pact and endorsed just three of the sitting judges, all of whom had been elected as Republicans years earlier. The result was an unusually intense contest for the thirteen seats available.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 60], "content_span": [61, 600]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070915-0011-0001", "contents": "1953 Philadelphia municipal election, Judges and magistrates\nThere were also eleven seats open for magistrate, a local court, the duties of which are now performed by the Philadelphia Municipal Court. As in the other races, the Republicans triumphed. The three cross-endorsed judges won, as did the six Republican-backed incumbents. Four Republicans were also elected to open seats. In the magistrate elections, the Republicans took seven of the eleven seats, the maximum allowed by one party. James J. Clothier, the chief magistrate and a Republican, led all magistrates in votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 60], "content_span": [61, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070915-0012-0000", "contents": "1953 Philadelphia municipal election, Ballot questions\nPhiladelphians saw three ballot questions in the primary election, all of which involved allowing the city to borrow money. The loans, on the ballot at Clark's urging, were designed to allow the city to temporarily increase spending without raising taxes, and were opposed by many ward leaders in both parties. As a result, they went down to unexpected defeat by a 3:2 margin. Undeterred, Clark and his allies revised and relisted the loans for a vote in the general election in November, which would see better turnout and, they believed, a better chance of success.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 54], "content_span": [55, 622]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070915-0013-0000", "contents": "1953 Philadelphia municipal election, Ballot questions\nOn the November ballot, the first loan would involve $19 million for parks, libraries, roads, and firehouses. The second authorized borrowing $35,750,000 for sewers and mass transit infrastructure. The third question reorganized the city's existing borrowing to free up $21,650,000 of borrowing power. On the second try, the electorate approved all three loans with 62.07%, 62.39%, and 59.13%, respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 54], "content_span": [55, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070916-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Philippine House of Representatives elections\nThe elections for the House of Representatives of the Philippines were held on November 10, 1953. Held on the same day as the presidential election, the party of the incumbent president, Elpidio Quirino's Liberal Party, won majority of the seats in the House of Representatives. However, Ramon Magsaysay of the opposition Nacionalista Party was elected president, and several elected Liberal Party congressmen defected to the Nacionalista Party, leading to Jos\u00e9 Laurel, Jr. being elected Speaker of the House of Representatives.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 579]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070916-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Philippine House of Representatives elections\nThe elected representatives served in the 3rd Congress from 1953 to 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070917-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Philippine Senate election\nElections for the members of the Senate were held on November 10, 1953 in the Philippines. Incumbent President Elpidio Quirino of the Liberal Party lost his opportunity to get a second full term as President of the Philippines to former Defense Secretary Ramon Magsaysay of the Nacionalista Party. Quirino's running mate, Senator Jose Yulo lost to Senator Carlos P. Garcia. Vice President Fernando Lopez did not run for re-election and ran for the Senate instead, in which he emerged as the candidate with the most votes. This was the first time that an elected president did not come from the Senate. To further compound the Liberal Party's woes, they also failed to win any seats in the Senate in this election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 745]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070917-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Philippine Senate election\nThe Citizens' Party and the Democratic Party caucused with the Nacionalistas to provide them the majority in the Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070917-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Philippine Senate election, Retiring incumbents, Incumbents running elsewhere\nThese ran in the middle of their Senate terms. For those losing in their respective elections, they can still return to the Senate to serve out their term, while the winners will vacate their Senate seats, then it would have been contested in a special election concurrently with the next general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 82], "content_span": [83, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070917-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Philippine Senate election, Results\nThe Nacionalista Party won five seats contested in the election, with the Democratic Party winning two, and the Citizens' Party winning one.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 40], "content_span": [41, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070917-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Philippine Senate election, Results\nNacionalista Eulogio Rodriguez and Lorenzo Ta\u00f1ada of the Citizens' Party both defended their Senate seats. The four Liberal senators whose seats were up in this election were defeated: Camilo Osias, Geronima Pecson, Pablo Angeles y David and Vicente Madrigal. Felixberto Verano, who won a special election in 1951, was the sole Nacionalista defeat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 40], "content_span": [41, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070917-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Philippine Senate election, Results\nThree winners are neophyte Nacionalista senators: Alejo Mabanag, Edmundo B. Cea and Emmanuel Pelaez.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 40], "content_span": [41, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070917-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 Philippine Senate election, Results\nIncumbent vice president and Democrat Fernando Lopez returned to the Senate after serving from 1947 to 1949. Mariano Jes\u00fas Cuenco, who was defeated in the last election, made a comeback in the Senate, this time under the banner of the Nacionalistas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 40], "content_span": [41, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070917-0007-0000", "contents": "1953 Philippine Senate election, Results\nSenator Carlos P. Garcia of the Nacionalistas was elected vice president in concurrent elections; his seat will be vacant until 1955 when it would have been contested in a special election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 40], "content_span": [41, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070917-0008-0000", "contents": "1953 Philippine Senate election, Results, Per party\nThe seat vacated by the death of Emiliano Tria Tirona in 1952 was disputed in this election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 51], "content_span": [52, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070917-0009-0000", "contents": "1953 Philippine Senate election, Results, Per party\nThe Nacionalistas originally had 14 seats entering the 3rd Congress, but the election of Senator Carlos P. Garcia to the vice presidency meant that his seat is vacant until 1955, when it was contested in a special election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 51], "content_span": [52, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070918-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Philippine general election\nPresidential, legislative and local elections were held on November 10, 1953 in the Philippines. Incumbent President Elpidio Quirino lost his opportunity to get a second full term as President of the Philippines to former Defense Secretary Ramon Magsaysay. His running mate, Senator Jose Yulo lost to Senator Carlos P. Garcia. Vice President Fernando Lopez did not run for re-election. This was the first time that an elected president did not come from the Senate. This election also saw the involvement of the United States with the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) with agent Edward Lansdale running Magsaysay's campaign. Other candidates competed for CIA support too and many normal Filipinos were interested in what the United States citizens views were on it.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 799]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070919-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Philippine presidential election\nThe 1953 Philippine presidential and vice presidential elections were held on November 10, 1953. Incumbent President Elpidio Quirino lost his opportunity to get a second full term as President of the Philippines to former Defense Secretary Ramon Magsaysay. His running mate, Senator Jos\u00e9 Yulo, lost to Senator Carlos P. Garcia. Vice President Fernando Lopez did not run for re-election. This was the first time that an elected president did not come from the Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070919-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Philippine presidential election, Summary\nAfter seven years of Liberal rule, the Nacionalista Party laced a strong presidential candidate to end the regime.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 46], "content_span": [47, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070919-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Philippine presidential election, Summary, Nacionalista Party\nFormer President and then-Senator Jose P. Laurel initially had intentions to seek the NP's nomination for president in 1953 but announced he is spiritually tired. He then proposed to adopt Secretary of National Defense Ramon Magsaysay, whose successful anti-insurgency and anti-communist initiatives had strained his relations with President Quirino and the LP.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 66], "content_span": [67, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070919-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Philippine presidential election, Summary, Nacionalista Party\nSenate President Camilo Os\u00edas sought the presidential nomination but ultimately lost to Magsaysay. Senator Carlos P. Garcia of Bohol was picked to be his running-mate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 66], "content_span": [67, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070919-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Philippine presidential election, Summary, Liberal Party\nThe Liberal Party renominated President Elpidio Quirino and former House Speaker and Liberal Party President Jos\u00e9 Yulo for president and vice-president respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 61], "content_span": [62, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070919-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Philippine presidential election, Summary, Liberal Party\nFollowing the nomination, Philippine Ambassador to Washington Carlos P. Romulo and his men walked out of the LP convention and formed the Democratic Party. The DP then nominated Romulo for the presidency and supported the re-election of Vice President Fernando Lopez.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 61], "content_span": [62, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070919-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 Philippine presidential election, Summary, Liberal Party\nWhat was supposed to be a three-way race was reduced to a battle between the ruling Liberals against the Nacionalistas after the DP withdrew in support of Magsaysay, resulting in the Nacionalista-Democrata-Nationalist Citizens\u2019 Party (NCP) coalition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 61], "content_span": [62, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070919-0007-0000", "contents": "1953 Philippine presidential election, Results, President\nMagsaysay carried most of the provinces except Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, La Union, Tawi-Tawi, Sulu and Abra in which Ilocos Sur is a bailiwick and home province of President Quirino.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 57], "content_span": [58, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070919-0008-0000", "contents": "1953 Philippine presidential election, Results, Vice-President\nGarcia also carried the provinces who voted for Magsaysay except for Isabela, Capiz and Sulu who voted for Yulo. The provinces who voted forPresident Quirino also voted for Yulo.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 62], "content_span": [63, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070920-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Pittsburgh Panthers football team\nThe 1953 Pittsburgh Panthers football team represented the University of Pittsburgh in the 1953 college football season. The team compiled a 3\u20135\u20131 record under head coach Red Dawson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070921-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Pittsburgh Pirates season\nThe 1953 Pittsburgh Pirates season was the 72nd in franchise history. In April 1953, the New York Yankees visited Forbes Field and played two preseason games against the Pirates. Mickey Mantle hit a 500-foot home run that landed on the roof.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070921-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 75], "content_span": [76, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070921-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 68], "content_span": [69, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070921-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070921-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070921-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 71], "content_span": [72, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070922-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Pittsburgh Steelers season\nThe 1953 Pittsburgh Steelers season was the franchise's 21st in the National Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070922-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Pittsburgh Steelers season, Regular season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 58], "content_span": [59, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070923-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Pittsburgh mayoral election\nThe Mayoral election of 1953 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania was held on Tuesday, November 3, 1953. David Lawrence of the Democratic Party won the right to serve a third term. With a broad base of support among both labor and minority voters, as well as the quiet background support of many GOP business leaders (who lauded the mayor's urban renewal projects), Lawrence coasted to an election win. His victory came over Leonard Kane, a real estate developer and the brother of the Allegheny County Treasurer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070924-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Portuguese legislative election\nParliamentary elections were held in Portugal on 8 November 1953. The ruling National Union won all 120 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070924-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Portuguese legislative election, Electoral system\nThe elections were held using 21 multi-member constituencies and one single-member constituency covering the Azores, together electing a total of 120 members, 13 of which were from Portuguese colonies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 54], "content_span": [55, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070924-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Portuguese legislative election, Electoral system\nVoters could delete names from the lists of candidates, but could not replace them. Suffrage was given to all men aged 21 or over as long as they were literate or paid over 100 escudos in taxation, and to women aged over 21 if they had completed secondary education, or if they were the head of a household and met the same literacy and tax criteria as men.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 54], "content_span": [55, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070924-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Portuguese legislative election, Campaign\nThe opposition to the Estado Novo, consisting of anti-communist liberals, republicans and intellectuals, presented three lists with a total of 28 candidates in Lisbon, Oporto and Aveiro. The elections were boycotted by the National Democratic Movement and the Youth Movement for Democratic Union in protest at a lack of freedom, whilst monarchists boycotted the elections except in cases where a National Union candidate was a known royalist.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 46], "content_span": [47, 489]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070925-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Prairie View A&M Panthers football team\nThe 1953 Prairie View A&M Panthers football team was an American football team that represented Prairie View A&M University in the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC) during the 1953 college football season. In their fifth season under head coach Billy Nicks, the Panthers compiled a perfect 12\u20130 record, won the SWAC championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 387 to 88. In two post-season games, they defeated Florida A&M in the Orange Blossom Classic and Texas Southern in the Prairie View Bowl. The Panthers were recognized as the 1953 black college national champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 630]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070926-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Primera Divisi\u00f3n de Chile\nThe 1953 Campeonato Nacional de F\u00fatbol Profesional was first tier's 21st season which Colo-Colo reached its sixth professional title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070927-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Princeton Tigers football team\nThe 1953 Princeton Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Princeton University during the 1953 college football season. In their ninth year under head coach Charlie Caldwell, the Tigers compiled a 5\u20134 record but were outscored 204 to 144. Homer A. Smith was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070927-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Princeton Tigers football team\nThe Tigers were ranked No. 19 in the preseason AP poll but dropped out of the rankings after the first week of play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070927-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Princeton Tigers football team\nPrinceton played its home games at Palmer Stadium on the university campus in Princeton, New Jersey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070928-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Pro Bowl\nThe 1953 Pro Bowl was the NFL's third annual all-star game which featured the league's outstanding performers from the 1952 season. The game was played on January 10, 1953, at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum in Los Angeles, California in front of 34,208 fans. The National Conference squad defeated the American Conference by a score of 27\u20137.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070928-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Pro Bowl\nThe National team was led by the Detroit Lions' Buddy Parker while Paul Brown of the Cleveland Browns coached the American stars. Detroit Lions defensive halfback Don Doll was named the game's outstanding player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070929-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Puerto Rico highway renumbering\nIn 1953, the Puerto Rico Department of Transportation and Public Works implemented a major renumbering of its insular highways. Before 1953, highway routes were numbered in the 1 to just over 100 range and were distributed randomly throughout the island, resulting in several routes with long road lengths. The numbering system adopted in 1953, which is in use today, increased the range of route numbers from the just-over-100 to 999, resulting in a decrease in the length of many routes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070929-0000-0001", "contents": "1953 Puerto Rico highway renumbering\nThis new numbering system follows a grid pattern for highways numbered between 100 and 999, with the lower numbered roads found to the west and systematically increasing towards 999 as the traveler moves easterly. Although PR-1, PR-2 and PR-3 routes had notable changes in some of their segments, these three are the only highways that kept their route numbers intact due to their interregional prominence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070929-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Puerto Rico highway renumbering, History\nThe first major roadways in Puerto Rico were built by the Government of Spain. By 1898, the year when Puerto Rico was ceded by Spain to the United States, 275 kilometers (171\u00a0mi) of roadways had been built. Additionally, 615\u00a0km (382\u00a0mi) were built between 1898 and 1908, 300\u00a0km (190\u00a0mi) more were added from 1908 to 1918, and 483\u00a0km (300\u00a0mi) were added from 1918 to 1927. By March 1928, there were 12 districts and some highway routes, particularly routes number 1, 2 and 3, crossed multiple districts. Some of the highways within the 12 districts included:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 45], "content_span": [46, 603]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070931-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Purdue Boilermakers football team\nThe 1953 Purdue Boilermakers football team was an American football team that represented Purdue University during the 1953 Big Ten Conference football season. In their seventh season under head coach Stu Holcomb, the Boilermakers compiled a 2\u20137 record, finished in eighth place in the Big Ten Conference with a 2\u20134 record against conference opponents, and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 167 to 89.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070931-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Purdue Boilermakers football team\nNotable players on the 1953 Purdue team included guard Tom Bettis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070932-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Queensland state election\nElections were held in the Australian state of Queensland on 7 March 1953 to elect the 75 members of the state's Legislative Assembly. The Labor government was seeking its eighth continuous term in office since the 1932 election. It was the first electoral test for Vince Gair, who had become Premier of Queensland 14 months earlier after the death of Ned Hanlon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070932-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Queensland state election, Results\nThe result was a considerable swing to the Labor government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070932-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Queensland state election, Results\nQueensland state election, 7 March 1953Legislative Assembly << 1950\u20131956 >>", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070932-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Queensland state election, Seats changing party representation\nThis table lists changes in party representation at the 1953 election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 67], "content_span": [68, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070933-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 RAC Tourist Trophy\nThe 1953 RAC Tourist Trophy was a motor race for sports cars, held on 5 September 1953 at the Dundrod Circuit in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. It was the sixth round of the 1953 World Sportscar Championship, held just six days after the previous round, the 1000km of N\u00fcrburgring. The race was the 20th running of the RAC Tourist Trophy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070933-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 RAC Tourist Trophy\nThe race was won by Peter Collins and Pat Griffith, driving an Aston Martin DB3S.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070933-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 RAC Tourist Trophy, Report, Entry\nA total 45 cars were registered for this event, of which only 28 arrived for practice and qualifying. None of the leading works teams made the trip across to Northern Ireland from mainland Europe. However, from England, the two works teams of Jaguar Cars Ltd. and Aston Martin took part. The team from Coventry arrived with three cars, Jaguar C-Types for the all British pairings of Tony Rolt/Duncan Hamilton, Stirling Moss/Peter Walker and Peter Whitehead/Ian Stewart. Aston Martin also brought along three of their DB3S, with Reg Parnell pairing up alongside Eric Thompson. Roy Salvadori/Dennis Poore and Peter Collins/Pat Griffith made up the crew of the other two Astons. Also from England came three works entered Frazer Nash Le Mans Mk IIs and Kieft-Bristols.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 38], "content_span": [39, 804]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070933-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 RAC Tourist Trophy, Report, Entry\nGoing into this round, Ferrari were leading the Manufacturers Championship by just two points from Jaguar. With no representation in the race, Ferrari would be unable score any points, but due to the nature of the scoring system where only the best four results out of the seven races could be retained by each manufacturer, Jaguar would need to finish at least second to score any points, with only one race remaining in the championship- the Carrera Panamericana in Mexico some 2+1\u20442 months away.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 38], "content_span": [39, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070933-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 RAC Tourist Trophy, Report, Race\nAlthough World Championship points were awarded based on scratch order, this race was run as a handicap race. The race was run over 111 laps, but no cars started from scratch: the largest cars, the Jaguars, had a handicap of 4 laps and 5 minutes, 11.21 seconds. The race would end once any car completed 111 handicap laps.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 37], "content_span": [38, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070933-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 RAC Tourist Trophy, Report, Race\nConditions of the race were foggy. Despite this, Aston Martin would finish in first and second places, both cars on the same lap. Car number 20, driven by Collins and Griffith took an impressive victory, winning in a time of 9hrs 37:12 mins., averaging a speed of 81.715mph. Second place went to Parnell and Thompson, in their DB3S, just 3:23 minutes behind. The podium was completed by the winner of the two previous Tourist Trophy races held at Dundrod, Moss, aided by his co-driver, Walker, in their Jaguar C-Type.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 37], "content_span": [38, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070934-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Railway Cup Hurling Championship\nThe 1953 Railway Cup Hurling Championship was the 27th series of the inter-provincial hurling Railway Cup. Three matches were played between 8 February 1953 and 17 March 1953 to decide the title. It was contested by Connacht, Leinster, Munster and Ulster.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070934-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Railway Cup Hurling Championship\nOn 17 March 1953, Munster won the Railway Cup after a 5-07 to 5-05 defeat of Leinster in the final at Croke Park, Dublin. It was their 21st Railway Cup title overall and their sixth title in succession.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070934-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Railway Cup Hurling Championship\nMunster's Christy Ring was the Railway Cup top scorer with 3-05.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070935-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Rhode Island Rams football team\nThe 1953 Rhode Island Rams football team was an American football team that represented the University of Rhode Island as a member of the Yankee Conference during the 1953 college football season. In its third season under head coach Hal Kopp, the team compiled a 6\u20132 record (3\u20131 against conference opponents), tied for the conference championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 148 to 100. The team played its home games at Meade Stadium in Kingston, Rhode Island.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 510]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070936-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Rice Owls football team\nThe 1953 Rice Owls football team represented Rice University during the 1953 college football season. The Owls were led by 14th-year head coach Jess Neely and played their home games at Rice Stadium in Houston, Texas. They competed as members of the Southwest Conference, winning a share of the conference title with Texas with a 5\u20131 conference record. Rice finished the regular season with an 8\u20132 record overall and were ranked 6th in the final polls, which were conducted before bowl season. Rice was invited to the 1954 Cotton Bowl Classic, played on New Years' Day, where they defeated SEC champion Alabama.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 640]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070937-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Roller Hockey World Cup\nThe 1953 Roller Hockey World Cup was the ninth roller hockey world cup, organized by the F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale de Patinage a Roulettes (now under the name of F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale de Roller Sports). It was contested by 13 national teams (11 from Europe, 1 from Africa and for the first time, 1 from South America) and it is also considered the 1953 European Roller Hockey Championship (despite the presences of Egypt and Brazil). All the games were played in the city of Geneva, in Switzerland, the chosen city to host the World Cup. Also for the first time there was a two-group stage, with the first two teams from each group qualifying to a final-four group.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 698]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070938-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Rose Bowl\nThe 1953 Rose Bowl was the 39th edition of the college football bowl game, played at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California, on Thursday, January 1, at the end of the 1952 college football season. The fifth-ranked USC Trojans of the Pacific Coast Conference  defeated the #11 Wisconsin Badgers of the Big Ten Conference, 7\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070938-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Rose Bowl\nIt was Wisconsin's first bowl game and the first Rose Bowl appearance for the Trojans in five years. It is also the first meeting of the two football programs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070938-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Rose Bowl, Teams, Wisconsin Badgers\nWisconsin was the co-champion of the Big Ten Conference with Purdue, whom they did not play, and entered the Rose Bowl with a 6\u20132\u20131 record (4\u20131\u20131 in conference). The Badgers' non-conference loss was to UCLA, the Big Ten loss was at Ohio State, and they tied Minnesota in their season-ending rivalry game. This was the program's first bowl game appearance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 40], "content_span": [41, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070938-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Rose Bowl, Teams, USC Trojans\nThe USC Trojans entered the game as the Pacific Coast Conference champions, with a 6\u20130 record in conference play. Their sole loss was against Notre Dame in their season-ending rivalry game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 34], "content_span": [35, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070938-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Rose Bowl, Aftermath\nThis was the first win by a Pacific Coast team over a Big Ten team since the Rose Bowl began its exclusive contract to pair the champions of these two conferences in 1946 (beginning with the 1947 Rose Bowl). It\u00a0was only the second time in Rose Bowl history that the PCC defeated the Big Ten, the first was 32\u00a0years earlier in January 1921, when California defeated Ohio State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 25], "content_span": [26, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070938-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Rose Bowl, Aftermath\nThis game featured the fewest points scored in a Rose Bowl since the 0\u20130 tie in 1922. As of 2020, this game still stands as the second-fewest points ever scored in a Rose Bowl, and the fewest scored since the Rose Bowl started pairing the Big Ten and West (PCC/AAWU) champions for the game. The next time these two teams met in a Rose Bowl (1963), they combined to break the record for the most points ever scored in the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 25], "content_span": [26, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070938-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 Rose Bowl, Aftermath\nUSC quarterback Rudy Bukich was named the  Player of the Game. Future Heisman Trophy winner, Wisconsin running back/linebacker Alan Ameche, finished the game with 133 rushing yards on 28 carries. Bukich and Ameche have subsequently been inducted into the Rose Bowl Hall of Fame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 25], "content_span": [26, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070939-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Round Australia Trial\nThe 1953 Round Australia Trial, officially the Redex Trial was the inaugural running of the Round Australia Trial. The rally took place between 30 August and 13 September 1953. The event covered 10,460 kilometres around Australia. It was won by Ken Tubman and John Marshall, driving a Peugeot 203.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070940-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Rupertwildt\n1953 Rupertwildt, provisionally designated 1951 UK, is an asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 22 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 29 October 1951, by the Indiana Asteroid Program of Indiana University at its Goethe Link Observatory, Indiana, United States, and named after astronomer Rupert Wildt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070940-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Rupertwildt, Orbit and classification\nRupertwildt orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.5\u20133.7\u00a0AU once every 5 years and 6 months (2,003 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.18 and an inclination of 2\u00b0 with respect to the ecliptic. Due to a precovery taken at Lowell Observatory in 1929, the asteroid's observation arc begins 22 years before its official discovery observation at Goethe Link.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 42], "content_span": [43, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070940-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Rupertwildt, Physical characteristics\nAccording to the surveys carried out by NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Rupertwildt measures 22.0 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.070. Assuming an albedo in the range of 0.05 to 0.25, the asteroid measures between 12 and 26 kilometers in diameter, based on an absolute magnitude of 11.9.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 42], "content_span": [43, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070940-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Rupertwildt, Physical characteristics, Lightcurves\nAs of 2017, Rupertwildt's composition, rotation period and shape remain unknown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 55], "content_span": [56, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070940-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Rupertwildt, Naming\nThis minor planet was named in memory of German\u2013American astronomer Rupert Wildt (1905\u20131976), professor of Astronomy at Yale University. In 1966, he was awarded the Eddington Medal by the Royal Astronomical Society for his discovery of the importance of negative hydrogen ions as a contributor to the solar atmosphere's opacity. He was one of the first to construct a model of the composition of the giant planets, as he recognized that the hydrogen-rich methane (CH4) and ammonia (NH3) are responsible for the absorption bands at red wavelengths. In the 1960s and 1970s, Wildt was chairman, president and the first scientific representative on the board of AURA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 24], "content_span": [25, 688]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070940-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Rupertwildt, Naming\nThe approved naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 6 June 1982 (M.P.C. 6954). The lunar crater Wildt is also named in his honour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 24], "content_span": [25, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070941-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Rutgers Queensmen football team\nThe 1953 Rutgers Queensmen football team represented Rutgers University in the 1953 college football season. In their 12th season under head coach Harvey Harman, the Queensmen compiled a 2\u20136 record, won the Middle Three Conference championship, and were outscored by their opponents 215 to 126.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070942-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Ryder Cup\nThe 10th Ryder Cup Matches were held 2\u20133 October 1953 at Wentworth Club in Virginia Water, Surrey, England, west of London. The United States team won its sixth consecutive competition by a score of 61\u20442 to 51\u20442 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070942-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Ryder Cup, Format\nThe Ryder Cup is a match play event, with each match worth one point. From 1927 through 1959, the format consisted of 4 foursome (alternate shot) matches on the first day and 8 singles matches on the second day, for a total of 12 points. Therefore, 61\u20442 points were required to win the Cup. All matches were played to a maximum of 36 holes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070942-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Ryder Cup, Teams\nThe British team was selected by the tournament committee of the P.G.A. with power to add to their numbers. In January 1953 Henry Cotton was chosen as captain and was co-opted onto the selection committee. In mid-August a group of 17 was announced from which the team would be chosen. This consisted of the eventual team of 10 plus Cotton, Tom Haliburton, Jack Hargreaves, Sam King, Arthur Lees, Norman Sutton and Charlie Ward. John Jacobs was later added to the list. Cotton withdrew from consideration for medical reasons. The P.G.A. arranged a series of trial matches at Wentworth starting on 23 September with the team announced on 26 September.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 21], "content_span": [22, 671]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070942-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Ryder Cup, Teams\nThe American team was announced in early August, after the 1953 All American Open. The 1952 and 1953 winners of the PGA Championship received automatic places. The remaining 8 members of the team were decided using a points-based system. Ben Hogan and Dutch Harrison qualified but declined their invitations. They were replaced Dave Douglas and Fred Haas, the next two in the points list.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 21], "content_span": [22, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070942-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Ryder Cup, Friday's foursome matches\nIn the middle two matches the American pairs won easily after being 8 up and 7 up at lunch. In the first match Douglas and Oliver led by three after three holes of the afternoon round. The British pair reduced the lead to one with six holes to play. Both pairs holes good putts at the 15th but the British pair bogeyed the 16th to be dormie-two. Oliver drove out of bounds at the 17th but the British pair took 6 and the hole was halved.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 41], "content_span": [42, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070942-0004-0001", "contents": "1953 Ryder Cup, Friday's foursome matches\nIn the final match, Daly and Bradshaw were three up at lunch but lost the first two holes in the afternoon. Daly and Bradshaw's lead increased to 3 at the turn but then the Americans reduced the lead to one. Bradshaw had some luck at the 16th when his drive hit a spectator and the hole was halved. Middlecoff missed a 7-foot putt at the 17th which would have tied the match. The American pair got a 4 at the last but Daly holed from 3 yards to win the match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 41], "content_span": [42, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070942-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Ryder Cup, Friday's foursome matches\n18 hole scores: Douglas/Oliver: 1 up, Mangrum/Snead: 8 up, Kroll/Burke: 7 up, Daly/Bradshaw: 3 up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 41], "content_span": [42, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070942-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 Ryder Cup, Saturday's singles matches\nThe start was delayed by 80 minutes because of mist. At lunch each side was up in three matches with the other two matches level. Rees was ahead after 12 holes of the afternoon round but lost 2 & 1. Daly was 6 up at lunch and won his match easily. Mangrum had levelled his match against Brown with birdies at the 15th and 16th but Brown finished with two fours to win the match. Snead was 4 up at lunch and increased this to five. However he played the last six holes very badly and Weetman won at the last hole, finishing with two fours.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 42], "content_span": [43, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070942-0007-0000", "contents": "1953 Ryder Cup, Saturday's singles matches\nWith Middlecoff and Bradshaw winning their matches, the British team needed 11\u20442 points from the remaining 2 matches to win or a point to tie. The two British players in these matches were 22-year-old Peter Alliss and 23-year-old Bernard Hunt. Alliss had gone 1 up at the 14th but he 3-putted the 15th while Turnesa got down in two from a bunker. Alliss went out of bounds at the 17th to give Turnesa the lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 42], "content_span": [43, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070942-0007-0001", "contents": "1953 Ryder Cup, Saturday's singles matches\nTurnesa was in the trees at the last and still short of the green in 3. However, Alliss, just off the green in 2, fluffed his chip, and eventually halved the hole in 6, to guarantee that the USA would retain the Ryder Cup. In the last match Hunt had won the 12th, 13th, 16th and 17th to be dormie-one. At the last, Hunt's second shot was in the trees on the right but he managed to get his third shot to the back of the green. He putted to 4 feet and, with Douglas taking 5, he needed to hole the putt to win the match. He missed and so the USA won 61\u20442 to 51\u20442.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 42], "content_span": [43, 605]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070942-0008-0000", "contents": "1953 Ryder Cup, Saturday's singles matches\n18 hole scores: Rees v Burke: all square, Daly: 6 up, Brown: 2 up, Snead: 4 up, Middlecoff: 3 up, Turnesa: 1 up, Hunt v Douglas: all square, Bradshaw: 1 up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 42], "content_span": [43, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070942-0009-0000", "contents": "1953 Ryder Cup, Individual player records\nEach entry refers to the Win\u2013Loss\u2013Half record of the player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 41], "content_span": [42, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070942-0010-0000", "contents": "1953 Ryder Cup, Continental Europe\u2013United States match\nIn January 1953 the PGA of America received an invitation from the European Golf Association to play a match against a team of European professionals. A match was arranged by the EGA and the French Golf Federation, played at Golf de Saint-Cloud, Saint-Cloud, Paris on 6 and 7 October. The match consisted of 5 fourball matches on the first day and 10 singles on the second day, all matches over 18 holes. Originally foursomes matches were planned for the first day but were replaced by fourballs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 54], "content_span": [55, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070942-0011-0000", "contents": "1953 Ryder Cup, Continental Europe\u2013United States match\nEd Oliver returned to America after the Ryder Cup. He was replaced by PGA officials, Warren Orlick on the first day and Ray Maguire on the second day. The continental europe team was Jean Baptiste Ado, Alfonso Angelini, Georg Bessner, Aldo Casera, Arthur Devulder, Gerard de Wit, Ugo Grappasonni, Marcelino Morcillo, Albert P\u00e9lissier and Fran\u00e7ois Saubaber. \u00c1ngel Miguel was originally announced in the team but was replaced by Marcelino Morcillo. The team therefore had three players from France and Italy, and one each from Belgium, Germany, the Netherlands and Spain. Auguste Boyer was the non-playing captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 54], "content_span": [55, 667]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070942-0011-0001", "contents": "1953 Ryder Cup, Continental Europe\u2013United States match\nThe leading European golfer, Flory Van Donck, did not play. Van Donck had already won four continental open championships in 1953 and two British tournaments. However, the match clashed with the Dunlop Masters which was played on 7 and 8 October. Van Donck was the only continental player competing in the limited field of 20.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 54], "content_span": [55, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070942-0012-0000", "contents": "1953 Ryder Cup, Continental Europe\u2013United States match\nThe United States led 4\u20131 after the first day. The Italian pair of Alfonso Angelini and Ugo Grappasonni beat Jim Turnesa and Warren Orlick 2 & 1. On the second day Europe won one match and halved two, giving a final score of 12\u20133. None of the American Ryder Cup team lost, Europe's only win was by Marcelino Morcillo who beat Ray Maguire. Albert P\u00e9lissier halved his match against Walter Burkemo while Grappasonni also halved against Lloyd Mangrum.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 54], "content_span": [55, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070942-0013-0000", "contents": "1953 Ryder Cup, Continental Europe\u2013United States match\nFrom 1954 to 1958 the EGA arranged a similar match between the British Isles and the Rest of Europe for the Joy Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 54], "content_span": [55, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070943-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 SANFL Grand Final\nThe 1953 SANFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football competition. West Torrens beat Port Adelaide 67 to 60. It was West Torrens' final premiership and Grand Final appearance as a stand-alone team before merging with Woodville in 1990.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070944-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 SANFL season\nThe 1953 South Australian National Football League season was the 74th season of the top-level Australian rules football competition in South Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070945-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 SCCA National Sports Car Championship\nThe 1953 SCCA National Sports Car Championship season was the third season of the Sports Car Club of America's National Sports Car Championship. It began February 21, 1953, and ended November 8, 1953, after fifteen races. Bill Spear won the season championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070945-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 SCCA National Sports Car Championship, Season results\nNote: Although support races counted towards the season points championship, only feature race overall winners are listed below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 58], "content_span": [59, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070946-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Sabena Convair Crash\nThe 1953 Sabena Convair Crash was the crash of a Convair CV-240 of the Belgian airline Sabena, 3 kilometres (1.9\u00a0mi) north of Frankfurt, West Germany, on 14 October 1953. None of the 44 people on board survived the incident.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070946-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Sabena Convair Crash, Aircraft\nThe Convair CV-240-12 involved was built in 1949 with serial number 154 and registration OO-AWQ and was used by the Belgian airline company Sabena from 1 April 1949 until its destruction in 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 35], "content_span": [36, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070946-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Sabena Convair Crash, Crash\nAfter having arrived from Salzburg Airport for her stopover, the Sabena flight was scheduled to depart from Frankfurt International Airport bound for Zaventem Airport with 40 passengers and four crew members on board at 15.20 pm on 14 October 1953. However shortly after takeoff, the crew noticed that both engines were losing power. The crew followed the normal procedures and raised the flaps while trying to keep control of their plane. The aircraft ultimately became uncontrollable and stalled, crashing in a wooded area near Kelsterbach about two miles north of the airport she departed from. Firefighters and four ambulances reached the crash scene after following the rising smoke plume but it was quickly discovered that all 44 onboard had perished in the flaming wreckage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 32], "content_span": [33, 814]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070946-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Sabena Convair Crash, Probable cause\nThe cause of the crash was determined to possibly be a heavy deposit of lead on the sparking plugs which reside in the engines. The investigation states that as the plugs warmed up during takeoff, the metal deposits formed a circuit which ended up short circuiting the plugs causing the fatal engine failure and subsequent stalling and crash of the aircraft. It is unknown whether the pilots actions contributed to the crash or if the fatal outcome was unavoidable.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 41], "content_span": [42, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070946-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Sabena Convair Crash, Aftermath\nThe aircraft was destroyed by the impact and post-crash fire with only pieces of debris scattered around the wooded area. The crash site was documented on film on 21 October by the German press.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 36], "content_span": [37, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070947-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 San Diego State Aztecs football team\nThe 1953 San Diego State Aztecs football team represented San Diego State College during the 1953 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070947-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 San Diego State Aztecs football team\nSan Diego State competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA). The team was led by seventh-year head coach Bill Schutte, and played home games at both Aztec Bowl and Balboa Stadium. They finished the season with five wins, three losses and one tie (5\u20133\u20131, 3\u20131\u20131 CCAA). Overall, the team outscored its opponents 230\u2013142 for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070947-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 San Diego State Aztecs football team, Team players in the NFL\nThe following San Diego State players were selected in the 1954 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 66], "content_span": [67, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070948-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 San Francisco 49ers season\nThe 1953 San Francisco 49ers season was the franchise's 4th season in the National Football League and their 8th overall. They were coming off a 7\u20135 record in 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070948-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 San Francisco 49ers season\nThe 49ers would play consistent football all season long, never losing consecutive games throughout the season en route to a franchise-best 9\u20133 record. However, the 49ers would lose both games against the Detroit Lions, who finished the season 10\u20132 to win the Western Conference and earn a spot in the NFL Championship game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070948-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 San Francisco 49ers season\nOffensively, San Francisco was led by quarterback Y. A. Tittle, who threw for 2121 yards and 20 TD's while completing 57.5% of his passes. Running back Joe Perry had another great season, rushing for 1018 yards along with 10 TD's, while Hugh McElhenny rushed for 503 yards and 3 TD's, and caught 30 passes for 474 yards and 6 TDs. Wide receiver Billy Wilson would catch a team-high 51 passes for 840 yards and 10 TDs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 449]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070948-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 San Francisco 49ers season, Schedule, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 52], "content_span": [53, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070949-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 San Francisco State Gators football team\nThe 1953 San Francisco State Gators football team represented San Francisco State College during the 1953 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070949-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 San Francisco State Gators football team\nSan Francisco State competed in the Far Western Conference (FWC). The Gators were led by 4th-year head coach Joe Verducci. They played home games at Cox Stadium in San Francisco, California. The team finished the season with a record of five wins and three losses (5\u20133, 0\u20131 FWC). For the season the team outscored its opponents 180\u2013159.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070949-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 San Francisco State Gators football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo San Francisco State players were selected in the 1954 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 70], "content_span": [71, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070949-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 San Francisco State Gators football team, Team players in the NFL\nThe following finished their college career in 1953, were not drafted, but played in the NFL.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 70], "content_span": [71, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070950-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 San Jose State Spartans football team\nThe 1953 San Jose State Spartans football team represented San Jose State College during the 1953 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070950-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 San Jose State Spartans football team\nSan Jose State played as an Independent in 1953. The team was led by fourth-year head coach Bob Bronzan, and played home games at Spartan Stadium in San Jose, California. They finished the season with a record of four wins, four losses and one tie. Overall, the team was outscored by its opponents 156\u2013220 for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070950-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 San Jose State Spartans football team, Team players in the NFL\nThe following San Jose State players were selected in the 1954 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 67], "content_span": [68, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070951-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Santa Barbara Gauchos football team\nThe 1953 UC Santa Barbara Gauchos football team represented Santa Barbara College during the 1953 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070951-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Santa Barbara Gauchos football team\nSanta Barbara competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA). The team was led by sixth-year head coach Stan Williamson, and played home games at La Playa Stadium in Santa Barbara, California. They finished the season with a record of two wins, six losses and one tie (2\u20136\u20131, 1\u20134 CCAA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070951-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Santa Barbara Gauchos football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Santa Barbara Gaucho players were selected in the 1954 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 65], "content_span": [66, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070952-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Santos FC season\nThe 1953 season was the forty-second season for Santos FC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 80]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070953-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Sardinian regional election\nThe Sardinian regional election of 1953 for the Second Council took place on 14 June 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070953-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Sardinian regional election\nAfter the election Luigi Crespellani, the incumbent Christian Democratic President, was re-elected President by the Regional Council. He was later succeeded by Alfredo Corrias (1954\u20131955) and Giuseppe Brotzu (1955\u20131957).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070954-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Sarnia tornado\nOn the afternoon of Thursday, May\u00a021, 1953, a violent F4 tornado struck the cities of Port Huron, Michigan, United States and Sarnia, Ontario, Canada. The long-tracked, over mile-wide tornado destroyed large sections of the downtown areas of both cities, as well scores of neighborhoods in the surroundings areas. Seven people were killed, 117\u00a0others were injured, and damages were estimated $17.6\u00a0million (1953\u00a0USD). The tornado was the last of a two-day severe weather outbreak that also produced two intense tornadoes in Iowa the day before.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070954-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Sarnia tornado, Tornado event\nOne of many violent tornadoes during this exceedingly active and deadly season, this tornado touched down at 4:21\u00a0p.m. near Smiths Creek, Michigan (approximately 10 miles (16\u00a0km) southwest of Port Huron). It moved steadily towards the east-northeast at 35\u00a0mph (56\u00a0km/h) passing through Tappan before devastating the southern edge of Port Huron some 20\u00a0minutes later (Grazulis, 1990) resulting in widespread F3 and F4\u00a0damage. Two people were killed in Port Huron and 68 more were injured. Close to 400\u00a0homes were damaged or destroyed in the United States with monetary losses totaling $2.6\u00a0million ($24.4\u00a0million 2018 USD)(Grazulis, 1990).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 673]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070954-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Sarnia tornado, Tornado event\nBefore crossing the St. Clair River into Canada, the parent thunderstorm dumped heavy amounts of rain and golf-ball-size hail on the city of Sarnia. This circumstance was credited with clearing the streets of motorists and pedestrians, thus reducing the potential number of tornado-related casualties. By 5:45\u00a0p.m., however, the over 1\u00a0mi (1.6\u00a0km) wide tornado roared into Canada just south of Sarnia Harbour (Grazulis, 1990). Moving to the northeast, the tornado passed directly through the downtown area where nearly a hundred commercial buildings sustained damage. A four-floor hotel on the waterfront lost many of its upper floors, as did a furniture store on Christina Street. The auditorium of the Imperial Theatre completely collapsed. Nearby however, a steel-reinforced telephone exchange building received minimal damage, as a result of its sturdy construction.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 905]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070954-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Sarnia tornado, Tornado event\nAt least 150\u00a0homes on the more suburban outskirts of the city were damaged and in some instances reduced to rubble. Before exiting Sarnia, the tornado curved even further to the northeast and began to weaken, as its path narrowed to approximately 30\u00a0m (33\u00a0yd) across. The nearby radio station CHOK was severely damaged by the tornado as well. As it moved into rural Lambton and Middlesex Counties, more F4\u00a0damage was inflicted upon farmsteads and homes near Nairn, before the tornado dissipated south of Stratford around 7\u00a0pm EDT (Grazulis, 1990).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 582]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070954-0003-0001", "contents": "1953 Sarnia tornado, Tornado event\nThis suggests a total path length exceeding 120\u00a0km (75\u00a0mi), though it is highly probable that this damage path was made up of more than one tornado, possibly as many as four. At the very least, there were two other storm tracks that day both of which paralleled the Sarnia storm to its north and south. One of these tracked from Strathroy to northeast of London whereas the other originated near Lambton Shores before weakening near St. Mary's.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070954-0003-0002", "contents": "1953 Sarnia tornado, Tornado event\nSignificant tornado damage in the F2 to F4\u00a0range was also reported with these storms, and it is likely that these parent supercells were also of the cyclic variety. As many as nine individual tornadoes may have touched down during this outbreak. Financial losses in Canada totaled $15\u00a0million; five people were killed, 48 were injured, and 500 were left homeless.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070954-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Sarnia tornado, Tornado event\nOverall, the tornado was on the ground for 2\u00a0hours and 39\u00a0minutes, tracked 75\u201390 miles (121\u2013145\u00a0km), and was 1\u20131.5 miles (1.6\u20132.4\u00a0km) wide at its peak. Seven people were killed, 117\u00a0others were injured, and damages were estimated $17.6\u00a0million (1953\u00a0USD).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070954-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Sarnia tornado, Aftermath\nAlthough CHOK returned to the air within a few hours, it remained under emergency circumstances for several days, and Port Huron's two AM radio stations, WTTH and WHLS, were also off the air and had sustained even more severe damage than CHOK. In the days to come, radio stations in Detroit, Windsor, and London would aid in the relief effort by relaying messages and emergency information from CHOK to listeners around the region. Nevertheless, the work of local radio announcers such as Karl Monk at CHOK and Robin Busse at WTTH, who had kept listeners informed of the storm as it developed until their stations were knocked off the air, was credited for saving many lives.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 30], "content_span": [31, 706]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070954-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 Sarnia tornado, Aftermath\nBoth CHOK-AM (1070\u00a0kHz) and CHOK-FM (97.5\u00a0MHz) were knocked off the air; while the AM station returned to the air later that day, the FM station was never rebuilt and its license was cancelled in 1957. CHOK would remain an AM-only station until adding an FM rebroadcaster 55\u00a0years later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 30], "content_span": [31, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070955-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Sarnia tornado outbreak\nA localized, but devastating series of severe thunderstorms affected the Great Lakes region during May\u00a020-21, 1953. The strongest of these storms produced three intense, long-tacked tornadoes in Iowa, Michigan, and Ontario. The worst tornado event was a violent F4\u00a0tornado that tore the cities of Port Huron, Michigan and Sarnia, Ontario on May\u00a021, damaging or destroying hundreds of structures and causing dozens of casualties. Overall, the tornadoes killed eight people, injured 123\u00a0others, and caused at least $17.6\u00a0million (1953\u00a0USD) in damage. Thunderstorm winds also caused an additional fatality when a tree fell on a house in Waterloo, Iowa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 678]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070955-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Sarnia tornado outbreak, Meteorological synopsis\nA low pressure system formed over south central Montana early on May\u00a020, 1953. This low moved eastward into South Dakota as favorable conditions to its east generated scattered severe thunderstorms across the Upper Midwest thanks in part to another low that was moving northeastward through Ontario. Continuing eastward, the original low moved into Minnesota by May\u00a021 as it made a gradual northeastward turn, producing more severe weather across Ohio and Michigan until a high-pressure system pushed out of the area.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 53], "content_span": [54, 571]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070955-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Sarnia tornado outbreak, Confirmed tornadoes, Port Huron, Michigan\u2013Sarnia, Ontario\nThis large, violent tornado touched down at 4:21\u00a0p.m. CST near Smiths Creek, Michigan, southwest of Port Huron. It moved northeast and quickly strengthened before hitting Port Huron, resulting in widespread F3 and F4\u00a0damage. Two people were killed in Port Huron and 68\u00a0more were injured. Close to 400\u00a0homes were damaged or destroyed in the United States with monetary losses totaling $2.6\u00a0million ($24.4\u00a0million 2018\u00a0USD). Crossing the St. Clair River, the 1-mile-wide (1.6\u00a0km) tornado moved into Canada just south of Sarnia Harbour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 87], "content_span": [88, 621]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070955-0002-0001", "contents": "1953 Sarnia tornado outbreak, Confirmed tornadoes, Port Huron, Michigan\u2013Sarnia, Ontario\nMoving to the northeast, the tornado moved directly through Downtown Sarnia, Ontario, where almost 100\u00a0commercial buildings sustained damage. At least 150\u00a0homes on the more suburban outskirts of the city were damaged and in some instances reduced to rubble. Five people were killed in Sarnia. Before exiting Sarnia, the tornado curved even further to the northeast and began to weaken, as its path narrowed to approximately 30\u00a0m (33\u00a0yd) across.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 87], "content_span": [88, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070955-0002-0002", "contents": "1953 Sarnia tornado outbreak, Confirmed tornadoes, Port Huron, Michigan\u2013Sarnia, Ontario\nThe tornado then restrengthened as it moved into rural Lambton and Middlesex Counties, where more F4\u00a0damage was inflicted upon farmsteads and homes near Nairn, before it dissipated south of Stratford. This suggested a total path length exceeding 120\u00a0km (75\u00a0mi), though it is highly probable that this damage path was made up of more than one tornado, possibly as many as four. Overall, the tornado was on the ground for 2\u00a0hours and 39\u00a0minutes, tracked 75\u201390 miles (121\u2013145\u00a0km), and was 1\u20131.5 miles (1.6\u20132.4\u00a0km) wide at its peak. Seven people were killed, 117\u00a0others were injured, and damages were estimated $17.6\u00a0million (1953\u00a0USD).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 87], "content_span": [88, 720]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070955-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Sarnia tornado outbreak, Non-tornadic events\nWidespread wind damage occurred throughout an 18\u00a0county area in Iowa on May\u00a020. Some of the worst damage occurring near Almoral and Elgin where farmsteads were severely damaged. In Waterloo, a man was crushed to death when a tree fell on him while he was in bed. Other towns in the area reported mostly light damage with uprooted trees and disrupted power and communication lines and light scattered damage was reported elsewhere outside these counties as well. Wind and hail damage was also reported in Southern Wisconsin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 49], "content_span": [50, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070955-0003-0001", "contents": "1953 Sarnia tornado outbreak, Non-tornadic events\nTrees were uprooted, disrupting power and communication lines to several large cities, including Milwaukee and Madison. Rural areas were particularly hard-hit as farm buildings were damaged and small barns were destroyed. Hail caused some slight damage to crops throughout the region as well. Storm damage was also reported in Michigan the next day with winds damaged a couple of farm buildings northeast of Bath while a home and it contents along US 27 south of St. Johns were completely destroyed by fire after it was struck by lightning.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 49], "content_span": [50, 590]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070956-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Scottish Cup Final\nThe 1953 Scottish Cup Final was played on 25 April 1953 at Hampden Park in Glasgow and was the final of the 68th staging of the Scottish Cup. Aberdeen and Rangers contested the match. The match was drawn 1\u20131 and was replayed four days later. In the rematch Rangers won 1\u20130  through a Billy Simpson goal in the 42nd minute.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070957-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Scottish League Cup Final\nThe 1953 Scottish League Cup Final was played on 24 October 1953, at Hampden Park in Glasgow and was the final of the 8th Scottish League Cup competition. The final was contested by East Fife and Partick Thistle. East Fife won the match 3\u20132, thanks to goals by Frank Christie, Charlie Fleming and Ian Gardiner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070958-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n Peruana\nThe 1953 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n Peruana, the second division of Peruvian football (soccer), was played by 10 teams. The tournament winner, Carlos Concha was promoted to the Primera Divisi\u00f3n Peruana 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070959-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n de Chile\nThe 1953 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n de Chile was the second season of the Segunda Divisi\u00f3n de Chile.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070960-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Seychellois parliamentary election, Electoral system\nThe right to vote was granted to all citizens over the age of 21 who could write their name, paid income tax on an annual income of SR 3,000 or more, and could prove that they had lived in the Seychelles for at least a year. Only around 10% of the population were able to register.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 57], "content_span": [58, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070960-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Seychellois parliamentary election, Results\nAll the seats were won by independents and members of the Seychelles Taxpayers and Producers Association, who primarily represented the interests of large landowners. Voter turnout was only 36%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070961-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Shaw Bears football team\nThe 1953 Shaw Bears football team was an American football team that represented Shaw University as a member of the Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association (CIAA) during the 1953 college football season. Led by Howard K. Wilson in his seventh and final year as head coach, Shaw returned to competition after not fielding a football team in 1952. The team's captain was Pete Hawkins, who played center, and the co-captain was Wilson Chambers. Playing their home games at Chavis Park in Raleigh, North Carolina, the Bears finished the season with an overall record of 2\u20137 and a conference mark of 2\u20134. Their first win of the season, over Bluefield State on November 7, snapped a 13-game losing streak dating back to the 1951 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 765]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070962-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Sikkimese general election\nGeneral elections were held in Sikkim in mid-1953. The Sikkim National Party and the Sikkim State Congress both won six seats. Voter turnout was less than 30%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070962-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Sikkimese general election, Electoral system\nThe State Council was established in 1953 by the Chogyal. It had 18 members, of which 12 were elected and six (including the President) appointed by the Chogyal. Of the 12 elected members, six were for the Nepali community and six for the Lepcha and the Bhutia communities.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 49], "content_span": [50, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070962-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Sikkimese general election, Electoral system\nCandidates for election to the Council had to be at least 30 years old, whilst the voting age was set at 21. Around 50,000 voters registered for the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 49], "content_span": [50, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070962-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Sikkimese general election, Results, Appointed members\nIn addition to the elected members, five members were appointed to the Sikkim State Council by the Chogyal; John S. Lal (President of the Council and Dewan of Sikkim), Rai Bahadur Densapa, Tekbir Khati, Palda Lama and Hon Lt Prem Bahadur Basnet.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 59], "content_span": [60, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070962-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Sikkimese general election, Executive Council\nFollowing the elections, an Executive Council was appointed, which consisted of the President of the Council, John S. Lal and two of the elected members, Sonam Tsering and Kashiraj Pradhan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 50], "content_span": [51, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070963-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Sindh provincial election\nProvincial elections were held in Sindh province of Pakistan in 1953. The elections, were first attempt at participatory democracy for the young nation, which received its independence six years earlier. It was neither free nor fair.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070963-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Sindh provincial election\nThe election took place in May after several instances of rescheduling and suffered from the same voting irregularities that other states experienced in the 1951 provincial elections. Just five years later, President Iskander Mirza suspended elections, declared martial law, and seized power for twenty days until General Ayub Khan overthrew him in the 1958 coup d'\u00e9tat, the country's first military coup d'\u00e9tat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070964-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Singapore City Council election\nThe 1953 Singapore City Council election was the 3rd election to the Singapore City Council. It was held on 5 December 1953 to elect 6 of the 18 seats in the City Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070965-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Skyways Avro York disappearance\nOn 2 February 1953, an Avro York four-engined piston airliner registered G-AHFA of Skyways Limited disappeared over the North Atlantic on a flight from the United Kingdom to Jamaica. The aircraft had 39 occupants including 13 children.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070965-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Skyways Avro York disappearance, Accident\nThe Avro York was a military trooping flight for the British Air Ministry from Stansted Airport in the United Kingdom to Jamaica with six crew and 33 passengers, including soldiers with their families. The aircraft had stopped at Lajes Field in the Azores and departed at 23:25 on 1 February 1953 for Gander Airport in Newfoundland. The aircraft transmitted Positional Operational Meteorological Reports at approximately one-hour intervals from 00:10 to 04:25 on 2 February. At 04:10 the aircraft position was given as 44\u00b032'N 41\u00b038'W. At 05:31 Gander heard an Urgency signal from the aircraft giving a position a minute before the message as 46\u00b015'N 46\u00b031'W. The urgency signal was followed by a distress message SOS, SOS, SOS DE G-A the message stopped abruptly and no further communications from the aircraft were heard.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 46], "content_span": [47, 870]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070965-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Skyways Avro York disappearance, Accident\nAn extensive air and sea search failed to find any trace of the aircraft or the 39 occupants. The following day (3 February) United States Coast Guard cutter Campbell reported several large oil patches and dye markers about 120 miles south-west of the last reported position of the aircraft; the Campbell reported that the search area had snow squalls.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 46], "content_span": [47, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070965-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Skyways Avro York disappearance, Aircraft\nThe Avro York (registration: G-AHFA) had been built in 1946 and had completed 6,418 hours total flying time. It had a valid certificate of airworthiness issued three days before the disappearance and had been completely overhauled in November 1952. The aircraft was owned by the Lancashire Aircraft Corporation and operated by Skyways Limited.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 46], "content_span": [47, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070965-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Skyways Avro York disappearance, Aircraft\nThe aircraft was first registered to the Ministry of Supply and Aircraft Production on 20 March 1946. It was registered to British South American Airways (BSAA) on 20 August 1946 and operated with the name \"Star Dale\". It was sold to British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) on 3 September 1949. BOAC sold the aircraft in 1951 and it was registered to the Lancashire Aircraft Corporation on 11 December 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 46], "content_span": [47, 458]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070965-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Skyways Avro York disappearance, Investigation\nA public inquiry was opened in London at Holborn Town Hall on 2 July 1953 to consider possible causes of the loss of the York. The Solicitor General representing The Crown absolved the crew from blame; he also ruled out sabotage or contaminated fuel. On the second day the Chief Investigation Officer of the Accidents Investigation Branch (AIB) gave an opinion that it may have been an uncontrollable fire in one of the aircraft's engines.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 51], "content_span": [52, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070965-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 Skyways Avro York disappearance, Investigation\nThe report of the inquiry was issued on 3 December 1953 and stated that the cause was unascertainable. The court found the loss was not contributed by any wrongful act or default of any person or party. It was concluded that the urgency signal was transmitted at a normal speed and possibly not an indication that urgent assistance was required, quickly followed by a hasty distress signal indicated that whatever the trouble it developed in a sudden and violent manner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 51], "content_span": [52, 522]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070966-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Small Club World Cup (1st tournament)\nThe 1953 Small Club World Cup (first tournament) was the second edition of the Small Club World Cup, a tournament held in Venezuela between 1952 and 1957, and in 1963 and in 1965. It was played by four participants, half from Europe and half from South America but deviated from its usual double round robin format and featured players such as Angel Labruna, Amadeo Carrizo, Felix Loustau for River Plate, Gerhard Hanappi, Ernst Happel for Austria Wien, Nestor Rossi, Ram\u00f3n Alberto Villaverde and Alfredo Di Stefano for Millonarios who played his last matches for the club in this tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 635]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070967-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Small Club World Cup (2nd tournament)\nThe 1953 Small Club World Cup (2nd tournament) was the third edition of the Small Club World Cup, a tournament held in Venezuela between 1952 and 1957, and in 1963 and in 1965. It was played by four participants, half from Europe and half from South America in double round robin format and featured stars like L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Kubala, goalkeeper Antoni Ramallets, Estanislau Basora for Barcelona, goalkeeper Gilmar, Baltazar for Corinthians, Egisto Pandolfini and Carlo Galli for Roma. This was the 2nd tournament played in the same year; none was held in the next calendar year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 613]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070967-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Small Club World Cup (2nd tournament)\nCorinthians entered to the competition (as champion of 1952 Campeonato Paulista), after Vasco da Gama (1952 Campeonato Carioca champion) declined the invitation. FC Barcelona striker L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Kubala was the topscorer of the competition, along with Brazilian midfielder Luizinho, with 5 goals each.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070968-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 South African general election\nGeneral elections were held in South Africa on 15 April 1953. The elections consolidated the position of the National Party under D. F. Malan, which won an absolute majority of the 156 elected seats in the House of Assembly. The United Party under JGN Strauss lost several seats, and suffered several splits after the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070968-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 South African general election, Changes in composition, Native representative members\nThe second term of the white MPs elected to represent black voters, from special electoral districts in Cape Province under the Representation of Natives Act 1936, expired on 30 June 1948 (just over a month after the National Party came to power in the 1948 general election). These seats were not vacated by a dissolution of Parliament, so they were not contested at either the 1948 or 1953 general elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 90], "content_span": [91, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070968-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 South African general election, Changes in composition, Native representative members\nThe three representative seats were filled by elections on 17 November 1948. Two Independent MPs (W.H. Stuart of Transkeian Territories and Mrs V.M.L. Ballinger of Cape Eastern) were returned. The third seat was taken by Sam Kahn, a South African Communist Party member, who gained the seat from an Independent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 90], "content_span": [91, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070968-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 South African general election, Changes in composition, Native representative members\nThe term of these members expired on 30 June 1954 (the first 30 June to fall after five years from the date of election).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 90], "content_span": [91, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070968-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 South African general election, Changes in composition, Native representative members\nThe Communist Party dissolved itself (at least as an open political party) when legislation to ban it was going through Parliament in 1950. Sam Kahn was ultimately banned from being a member of Parliament, in 1952, under the anti Communist legislation. Subsequently, two successive by-elections were held in Cape Western, but the victors had similar views to Mr Kahn and were also excluded from Parliament. The seat was then left vacant for the remainder of the term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 90], "content_span": [91, 558]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070968-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 South African general election, Changes in composition, South-West Africa\nThe white electors of the territory of South-West Africa (present day Namibia), were allocated six seats in the House of Assembly. These new electoral divisions were first filled at by-elections on 31 August 1950. The governing National Party won all the seats, which were additional to the 150 general roll seats allocated to the Union of South Africa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 78], "content_span": [79, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070968-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 South African general election, Delimitation of electoral divisions\nThe South Africa Act 1909 had provided for a delimitation commission to define the boundaries for each electoral division. The representation by province, under the tenth delimitation report of 1953, is set out in the table below. The figures in brackets are the number of electoral divisions in the previous (1947) delimitation. If there is no figure in brackets then the number was unchanged.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 72], "content_span": [73, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070968-0007-0000", "contents": "1953 South African general election, Delimitation of electoral divisions\nThe above table does not include the three native representative seats in Cape Province nor the six South-West African divisions, which were not included in the delimitation of the general roll seats for the Union under the South Africa Act 1909.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 72], "content_span": [73, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070968-0008-0000", "contents": "1953 South African general election, Position at the dissolution\nAt the end of the 10th Union Parliament, when it was dissolved in 1953, the House of Assembly consisted of two groups of members. General roll voters (white voters from the whole Union and South-West Africa and coloured electors in Cape Province and Natal) were represented by 156 members. Black voters in Cape Province were represented by three white MPs, known at the time as Native Representative Members (NRM).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 64], "content_span": [65, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070968-0009-0000", "contents": "1953 South African general election, Position at the dissolution\nThe general election, on 15 April 1953, only affected the representatives of general roll voters. From 1938 the Native Representative Members had fixed terms and were elected on a different date. The overall composition of the House, set out by province before the general election, was as below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 64], "content_span": [65, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070968-0010-0000", "contents": "1953 South African general election, Position at the dissolution\nNote: The NRM seat, formerly held by the Communist Party, is listed as Independent in the above table. Sam Kahn and his two successors, after the Communist Party dissolved its public organisation and went underground, all claimed to be Independents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 64], "content_span": [65, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070968-0011-0000", "contents": "1953 South African general election, Campaign\nSince the 1948 general election Dr Malan's Reunited National Party had merged with its coalition partner, the Afrikaner Party. The merged party was named the National Party (NP). The government had also strengthened its political position, by conferring six parliamentary seats upon the white population of the territory of South West Africa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070968-0012-0000", "contents": "1953 South African general election, Campaign\nThe principal opposition party was the United Party (UP). Since the previous general election, in 1948, the UPs veteran leader Field Marshal Jan Smuts had died. The new Leader of the Opposition was J.G.N. Strauss.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070968-0013-0000", "contents": "1953 South African general election, Campaign\nThe other parliamentary opposition party was the Labour Party. In 1953, the United Party and the Labour Party had an electoral pact, for the third successive general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070968-0014-0000", "contents": "1953 South African general election, Campaign\nDuring the campaign, the Labour leader John Christie died. His seat was consequently contested at a by election after the normal day of the general election poll. It was retained by a new Labour candidate and is included in the totals for the results section of this article,", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070968-0015-0000", "contents": "1953 South African general election, Campaign\nThe NP promoted its policy of apartheid Dr Malan suggested that the white voters could unite around the Nationalist programme. The UP criticised the idea of apartheid as impractical. Mr Strauss campaigned alleging that the first task of a South African government should be the suppression of Native criminals, who created insecurity in the cities. United Party supporters were optimistic on the eve of the poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 458]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070968-0016-0000", "contents": "1953 South African general election, Results\nDue to the first-past-the-post system, the Nationalists won 37 more seats than United despite finishing only two percentage points ahead of United in the popular vote. This was enough to deliver the Nationalists a second consecutive majority government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070969-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 South American Basketball Championship\nThe 1953 South American Basketball Championship was the 15th edition of this regional tournament. It was held in Montevideo, Uruguay and won by the host, Uruguay national basketball team. A record seven national teams competed. It was the first to follow the first World Championship in 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070969-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 South American Basketball Championship, Results\nEach team played the other six teams once, for a total of six games played by each team and 21 overall in the preliminary round. The three-way tie between Chile, Peru, and Paraguay was broken by a sub-bracket; each was 1\u20131 against the other teams in that sub-bracket. The point differentials within the bracket gave Chile the top spot in it with +5, Paraguay had +4, and Peru had -9. This was mostly due to Chile's relatively large victory over Peru while the other two games (Peru-Paraguay and Chile-Paraguay) had both been much closer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 52], "content_span": [53, 590]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070970-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 South American Championship\nThe South American Championship 1953 was a football tournament held in Peru and won by Paraguay with Brazil second. Argentina, and Colombia withdrew from the tournament. Francisco Molina from Chile became top scorer of the tournament with 7 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070971-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 South American Championship Final\nThe 1953 South American Championship Final was the final match to determine the winner of the 1953 South American Championship. It was held on April 1, 1953, in Estadio Nacional of Lima, Peru.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070971-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 South American Championship Final\nParaguay won the match against Brazil by a 3\u20132 score, winning its first continental title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070971-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 South American Championship Final, Overview\nSome journalists stated that Paraguay's best moments in football were during those years. In fact, the Paraguayan side achieved some notable results such as the 5\u20131 win to Argentina (current South American champion by then) in July 1945.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 48], "content_span": [49, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070971-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 South American Championship Final, Overview\nOther good performances by the Paraguayan team had been the 3rd place in 1946 \u2013with goalkeeper Sinforiano Garc\u00eda (considered one of the greatest in Paraguayan football) as its most notable player\u2013, the 2nd place in 1947 and the win over Brazil on group stage in 1949 (although the host country would thrash Paraguay 7\u20130 in the final).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 48], "content_span": [49, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070971-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 South American Championship Final, Overview\nAfter former player Manuel Fleitas Solich was appointed coach, Paraguay started a hard training routine with the purpose of being in the best shape for the 1953 South American tournament. Results were highly satisfactory so Paraguay crowned champion unbeaten, winning Brazil in the final and taking revenge on the 1949 final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 48], "content_span": [49, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070972-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 South American Championship squads\nThe following squads were named for the 1953 South American Championship that took place in Peru.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070973-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 South American Championships in Athletics (unofficial)\nUnofficial South American Championships in Athletics (Campeonato Sudamericano Extraordinario de Atletismo) were held on 19\u201326 April 1953, at Chile's national stadium, Estadio Nacional in the capital, Santiago.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070974-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 South Australian state election\nState elections were held in South Australia on 7 March 1953. All 39 seats in the South Australian House of Assembly were up for election. The incumbent Liberal and Country League led by Premier of South Australia Thomas Playford IV defeated the Australian Labor Party led by Leader of the Opposition Mick O'Halloran.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070974-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 South Australian state election, Background\nLabor won three seats, metropolitan Norwood and Prospect and rural Victoria from the LCL. The LCL won one seat, rural Murray from Labor. Notably, neither major party contested the independent-held seat of Ridley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070974-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 South Australian state election, Background\nThe Labor opposition won 53 percent of the statewide two-party vote however the LCL retained government with the assistance of the Playmander \u2212 an electoral malapportionment that also saw a clear majority of the statewide two-party vote won by Labor while failing to form government in 1944, 1962 and 1968.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070974-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 South Australian state election, Results\nSouth Australian state election, 7 March 1953House of Assembly << 1950\u20131956 >>", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 45], "content_span": [46, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070975-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 South Carolina Gamecocks football team\nThe 1953 South Carolina Gamecocks football team represented the University of South Carolina during the 1953 college football season. The Gamecocks were led by 13th-year head coach Rex Enright and played their home games at Carolina Stadium in Columbia, South Carolina. They competed as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference, in the conference's inaugural year. South Carolina and six other schools from the Southern Conference broke off to form the new conference in 1953. The Gamecocks finished the season 7\u20133 overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 567]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070976-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 South Carolina's 4th congressional district special election\nThe 1953 South Carolina 4th congressional district special election was held on June 2, 1953 to select a Representative for the 4th congressional district to serve out the remainder of the term for the 83rd Congress. The special election resulted from the death of Representative Joseph R. Bryson on March 10, 1953. Robert T. Ashmore emerged as the winner in a crowded field of Democrats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 65], "section_span": [65, 65], "content_span": [66, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070976-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 South Carolina's 4th congressional district special election, General election campaign\nThe South Carolina Democratic Party decided to forgo a primary election so the general election held on June 2 featured a crowded field of six Democrats. The South Carolina Republican Party was nothing more than a patronage institution at the time and it had no chance to win the seat so no Republican filed for the election. Robert T. Ashmore, a solicitor from Greenville, prevailed over Spartanburg State Senator Charles C. Moore.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 65], "section_span": [67, 92], "content_span": [93, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070977-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 South Dakota Coyotes football team\nThe 1953 South Dakota Coyotes football team was an American football team that represented the University of South Dakota in the North Central Conference (NCC) during the 1953 college football season. In its 15th season under head coach Harry Gamage, the team compiled a 2\u20136 record (2\u20134 against NCC opponents), tied for fifth place out of seven teams in the NCC, and was outscored by a total of 149 to 115. The team played its home games at Inman Field in Vermillion, South Dakota.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070978-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 South Dakota State Jackrabbits football team\nThe 1953 South Dakota State Jackrabbits football team was an American football team that represented South Dakota State University in the North Central Conference during the 1953 college football season. In its seventh season under head coach Ralph Ginn, the team compiled a 5\u20133\u20131 record (5\u20130\u20131 against conference opponents), won the NCC championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 247 to 186.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070979-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 South Sydney season\nThe 1953 South Sydney Rabbitohs season was the 46th in the club's history. They competed in the New South Wales Rugby Football League's 1953 Premiership, and won the grand final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070980-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Southern 500\nThe 1953 Southern 500, the fourth running of the event, was a NASCAR Grand National Series event that was held on September 7, 1953, at Darlington Raceway in Darlington, South Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070980-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Southern 500\nJunior Johnson would make his NASCAR Cup Series debut in this event; amongst a long list of other rookie drivers. Bob Weatherly, Lonnie Bragg, and Elmer Cooper would race their only NASCAR event here along with several others. \" Just months prior to the 1953 running of the Southern 500, the shape of the track made passing opportunities very few. A reconstruction helped to mold the racetrack into a fast venue for stock car racing prior to the completion of Daytona International Speedway.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070980-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Southern 500\nAlong with this track, almost every track in the Southeastern United States had a weekly racing series. During the 1950s, regular passenger cars were not so different from the cars that the NASCAR drivers used at the races. The gulf between everyday passenger vehicles and NASCAR vehicles started to widen in the mid-1970s due to environmental concerns; becoming pronounced by the late-1970s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070980-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Southern 500, Background\nDarlington Raceway, nicknamed by many NASCAR fans and drivers as \"The Lady in Black\" or \"The Track Too Tough to Tame\" and advertised as a \"NASCAR Tradition\", is a race track built for NASCAR racing located near Darlington, South Carolina. It is of a unique, somewhat egg-shaped design, an oval with the ends of very different configurations, a condition which supposedly arose from the proximity of one end of the track to a minnow pond the owner refused to relocate. This situation makes it very challenging for the crews to set up their cars' handling in a way that will be effective at both ends.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 629]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070980-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Southern 500, Background\nThe track is a four-turn 1.366 miles (2.198\u00a0km) oval. The track's first two turns are banked at twenty-five degrees, while the final two turns are banked two degrees lower at twenty-three degrees. The front stretch (the location of the finish line) and the back stretch is banked at six degrees. Darlington Raceway can seat up to 60,000 people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070980-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Southern 500, Race report\nA grand total of 59 American drivers competed in this 364-lap event. Due to irregularities in the way that early NASCAR events were recorded, two drivers were recorded as starting in 19th place. Further irregularities would ensue when Elmer Cooper and Bobby Myers ended up jointly qualifying for the race in 50th place. Lloyd Hulette's car number was actually 7777 but since NASCAR didn't seem to allow three-digit numbers at Darlington, much less four, he was scored as 7.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070980-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 Southern 500, Race report\nDick Passwater would make his final NASCAR Grand National Series appearance in this race. Curtis Turner ran the race using a number other than his usual #41. Both Junior Johnson and Lacy Jackson flipped in this race. Johnson would leave the race on lap 222 because he blew a tire and scraped the wall, spinning back into it hood first before flipping once, turning on the nose, and setting back down on the wheels. Meanwhile, Jackson would exit the race in a relatively quiet manner on lap 288.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070980-0006-0001", "contents": "1953 Southern 500, Race report\nThere were 35 lead changes made between four drivers (Buck Baker, Fonty Flock, Herb Thomas and Fireball Roberts). 16 year old Emory Lewis races in his first NASCAR race, who started 19th and finished 46th. This was impressive considering he barely was old enough to have a license, being eligible for just 11 months prior to this race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070980-0007-0000", "contents": "1953 Southern 500, Race report\nInstead of being measured by the apron, the track surface started to be measured by the banking.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070980-0008-0000", "contents": "1953 Southern 500, Race report\nDick Meyer - a native of Porterville, California - would die while street racing back in California just several days after competing in this event. Porterville would eventually bring two more to compete in NASCAR; 1973 Talladega 500 winner Dick Brooks and Marv Acton. Today, Acton is still involved in the stock car world, building NASCAR simulators and owning a shop dedicated to the fabrication of stock car vehicles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070980-0009-0000", "contents": "1953 Southern 500, Race report\nNed Jarrett was the last-place finisher due to a faulty oil line on lap 8 while Bob Hunter was the lowest-finishing driver to finish the race; 154 laps behind the lead lap drivers. After more than five hours, Buck Baker would defeat Fonty Flock by three laps; Baker would go on to win the 1960 Southern 500 and the 1964 Southern 500 to solidify himself as one of the toughest racers who has ever raced at Darlington.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070980-0010-0000", "contents": "1953 Southern 500, Race report\nFlock was the pole sitter at 107.983 miles per hour (173.782\u00a0km/h) during qualifying. In contrast to that speed, the average speed of the race was 92.881 miles per hour (149.477\u00a0km/h). Seventeen laps were run at reduced speeds as a result of the caution flag. Some of the notable owners in this race were Herb Thomas, Frank Christian and Bob Griffin. More than half the grid failed to finish; Herb Thomas had engine problems on lap 354 but ultimately earned a respectable fifth-place finish. Mike Magill flipped over the wall on lap 244 that caused him to finish in 34th after qualifying 20th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 624]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070980-0011-0000", "contents": "1953 Southern 500, Race report\nFive drivers were declared to be \"null\" entries by NASCAR because they didn't submit their entry blanks within a reasonable period of time. While they were still permitted to race, their finishes did not count towards the overall season standings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070980-0012-0000", "contents": "1953 Southern 500, Race report\nIndividual race earnings for this event ranged from the winner's share of $6,285 ($60,059 when adjusted for inflation) to the last-place finisher's portion of $100 ($956 when adjusted for inflation) from a total of $24,430 ($233,452 when adjusted for inflation). T.H. King, Boyce Hagler and Smokey Yunick were three notable crew chiefs that participated in this event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070981-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Southern Conference Baseball Tournament\nThe 1953 Southern Conference Baseball Tournament was held in Raleigh, North Carolina from May 14 through May 16. This was the league's final championship tournament to be held until 1987, as seven schools, including three participants in the tournament, departed the conference to form the Atlantic Coast Conference after the season. Modern Southern Conference baseball records begin with the 1954 baseball season. The South Division's second seed Duke won the tournament for the third time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 536]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070981-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Southern Conference Baseball Tournament, Seeding\nThe top two teams from each division participated in the tournament. Complete standings are not available, but the teams below all fielded baseball teams within the Southern Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 53], "content_span": [54, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070982-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Southern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament\nThe 1953 Southern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament took place from March 5\u20137, 1953 at the Reynolds Coliseum in Raleigh, North Carolina. The Wake Forest Demon Deacons, led by head coach Murray Greason, won their first Southern Conference title and received the automatic berth to the 1953 NCAA Tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070982-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Southern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament, Format\nThe top eight finishers of the conference's seventeen members were eligible for the tournament. Teams were seeded based on conference winning percentage. The tournament used a preset bracket consisting of three rounds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 60], "content_span": [61, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070983-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Southern Illinois Salukis football team\nThe 1953 Southern Illinois Salukis football team was an American football team that represented Southern Illinois University (now known as Southern Illinois University Carbondale) in the Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (IIAC) during the 1953 college football season. Under second-year head coach William O'Brien, the team compiled a 2\u20137 record. The team played its home games at McAndrew Stadium in Carbondale, Illinois.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070984-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Southern Rhodesian federation referendum\nA referendum on the formation of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland was held in Southern Rhodesia on 9 April 1953. The proposal was approved by 63.45% of voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070985-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Southwark Borough election\nElections to Metropolitan Borough of Southwark were held in 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070985-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Southwark Borough election\nThe borough had ten wards which returned between 3 and 8 members. Labour won all the seats with 84% of the vote in one ward.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070986-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Southwestern Louisiana Bulldogs football team\nThe 1953 Southwestern Louisiana Bulldogs football team was an American football team that represented the Southwestern Louisiana Institute of Liberal and Technical Learning (now known as the University of Louisiana at Lafayette) in the Gulf States Conference during the 1953 college football season. In their third year under head coach Raymond Didier, the team compiled a 4\u20137 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070987-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Soviet Class B\nFollowing are the results of the 1953 Soviet First League football championship. FC Dinamo Minsk winning the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070988-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Soviet Cup\nThe 1953 Soviet Cup was an association football cup competition of the Soviet Union.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070989-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Soviet Top League\n11 teams took part in the league with FC Spartak Moscow winning the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070990-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Soviet nuclear tests\nThe Soviet Union's 1953 nuclear test series was a group of 5 nuclear tests conducted in 1953. These tests followed the 1949-51 Soviet nuclear tests series and preceded the 1954 Soviet nuclear tests series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070991-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Spa 24 Hours\nThe 1953 24 Heures de Spa Francorchamps took place on 25 and 26 July 1953, at the Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps, (Belgium). It was also the fourth round of the FIA World Sports Car Championship. This was the first time the event had taken place since Luigi Chinetti and Jean Lucas won in 1949. The race was not run again until 1964.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070991-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Spa 24 Hours\nAlthough the 1953 season places two 24 hour races in two months would not be an easy maneuver. But, Spa is a favourite amongst the drivers and teams, therefore, the event would be a popular one, not to be missed by the top teams and their star drivers", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070991-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Spa 24 Hours, Report, Entry\nA grand total 43 racing cars were registered for this event, of which 40 arrived for practise and qualifying. From Italy, the two work teams of Scuderia Ferrari and S. P. A. Alfa Romeo. The Scuderia from Maranello arrived with three cars, all 375 MM's. In the cockpits sat the driver pairings, Giuseppe Farina / Mike Hawthorn, Luigi Villoresi / Alberto Ascari and Umberto Maglioli with Piero Carini . Alfa Romeo brought two cars to Belgium, which went into different classes at the start.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 32], "content_span": [33, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070991-0002-0001", "contents": "1953 Spa 24 Hours, Report, Entry\nJuan Manuel Fangio and Consalvo Sanesi piloted an Alfa Romeo 6C 3000 CM in the sports car category. Max Thirion, together with Mario Damonte were entered in an Alfa Romeo 1900 in the touring car class. The host country was represented by the Ecurie Francorchamps, which entered a Jaguar C-Type and a Ferrari 212 Export.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 32], "content_span": [33, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070991-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Spa 24 Hours, Report, Qualifying\nThe Ferrari 375 MM of Mike Hawthorn took pole position, averaging a speed of 113.871\u00a0mph around the 8.77 mile circuit. However, following an accident in practise, the Fiat 1100 of \u201cThillios\u201d and Johnny Claes was withdrawn, leaving 39 cars to start.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 37], "content_span": [38, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070991-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Spa 24 Hours, Report, Race\nThe day of the race would be warm and dry, but that would mean very little as the team prepared for the start at 4pm. As the field took off, it wouldn\u2019t be long before the Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps would prove to be a greater threat, even to the best teams and drivers in the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070991-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Spa 24 Hours, Report, Race\nA number of privateers entries would fall out of contention early into the race, but then, the factory efforts and the bigger privateers began to run into trouble. Roger Laurent and Jacques Swaters would retire their C-Type with a blown engine. Fangio and Sanesi would be out following an accident in their Alfa Romeo 6C. The Ferrari pairing of Maglioli and Carini would be amongst the casualties with value troubles. It did not get any easier for the top drivers as even Ascari and Villoresi would retire with clutch failure.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 558]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070991-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 Spa 24 Hours, Report, Race\nAlthough two of the three works Ferraris had retired during the race, Scuderia victory was never seriously threatened. After Fangio/Sanesi accident after only 22 laps, the Ferrari was without any close competition. Farina and Hawthorn would remain in the lead throughout the whole race, even when the rain came late on in the race. At the finish, Farina and Hawthorn had an 18 lap advantage over the Jaguar C-Type of the Scottish Ecurie Ecosse. In the end, the Ferrari margin of victory amounted to about an advantage of close to 90 minutes over James Scott Douglas and Guy Gale.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 611]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070991-0006-0001", "contents": "1953 Spa 24 Hours, Report, Race\nA Belgian-entered Jaguar C-Type of Herman Roosdorp and Toni Ulmen was a further eleven laps down and finished third. In the touring car class, the Portuguese driver Viegas Vellagao and his Belgian co-driver, Vladimir Narichkine were victorious in their Mercedes-Benz 220. However, although they were fifth overall, they were 68 laps behind the winning Ferrari. The winning partnership, won in a time of 24hr 02:07.085mins., averaging a speed of 94.910\u00a0mph. They covered a distance of 2,281.182 miles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070991-0007-0000", "contents": "1953 Spa 24 Hours, Standings after the race\nChampionship points were awarded for the first six places in each race in the order of 8-6-4-3-2-1. Manufacturers were only awarded points for their highest finishing car with no points awarded for positions filled by additional cars. Only the best 4 results out of the 7 races could be retained by each manufacturer. Points earned but not counted towards the championship totals are listed within brackets in the above table.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 43], "content_span": [44, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070992-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Speedway National League\nThe 1953 National League Division One was the 19th season of speedway in the United Kingdom and the eighth post-war season of the highest tier of motorcycle speedway in Great Britain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070992-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Speedway National League, Summary\nNew Cross Rangers folded in June. Wembley Lions won their fifth consecutive title and their eighth overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070992-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Speedway National League, Summary\nWimbledon Dons won the National Trophy for the fourth time and Harringay Racers completed a cup double winning the Coronation Cup and London Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070992-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Speedway National League, Summary\nNovice rider Harry Eyre died in Poplar Hospital on 7 July 1953. He suffered fatal injuries earlier that evening at West Ham Stadium, in a second half novices match against Bradford.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070992-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Speedway National League, Coronation Cup Final table\nThe Coronation Cup was run in a league format. Harringay Racers came out on top.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070992-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Speedway National League, National Trophy\nThe 1953 National Trophy was the 16th edition of the Knockout Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 46], "content_span": [47, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070993-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Speedway National League Division Two\nThe 1953 National League Division Two was the eighth post-war season of the second tier of motorcycle speedway in Great Britain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070993-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Speedway National League Division Two, Summary\nThe League was reduced at the start of the season again to 10 teams with Oxford Cheetahs dropping down to the Southern League whilst Ashfield closed and Liverpool folded mid-season. Cradley Heath 'merged' with Wolverhampton from the Southern League but used the Wolverhampton Wasps moniker, so to all intents and purposes they had closed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 51], "content_span": [52, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070993-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Speedway National League Division Two, Summary\nCoventry Bees clinched their first title by a single point.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 51], "content_span": [52, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070993-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Speedway National League Division Two, Summary\nWolverhampton rider Mike Rogers died on 6 June 1953, the day after receiving critical injuries at Monmore Green Stadium racing against Liverpool. The 22-year-old lost control of his bike and fell heavily before being transported to the Royal Hospital in Wolverhampton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 51], "content_span": [52, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070994-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Speedway Southern League\nThe 1953 Southern League was the second season of the regional third tier of speedway racing in the United Kingdom for Southern British teams. It was the final season before being replaced by the Southern Area League. From the previous season, Aldershot Shots dropped out, Wolverhampton Wasps moved up and Oxford Cheetahs came down to replace them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070994-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Speedway Southern League, Summary\nRayleigh Rockets were champions for a second consecutive season whilst Cardiff Dragons withdrew mid-season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070995-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 St. Louis Browns season\nThe 1953 St. Louis Browns season was a season in American baseball. It involved the Browns finishing 8th in the American League with a record of 54 wins and 100 losses, 46\u00bd games behind the AL and World Series champion New York Yankees, in their 52nd and final season in the Gateway City. After the season, the Browns moved to Baltimore, where they play today, and became the Baltimore Orioles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070995-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 73], "content_span": [74, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070995-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070995-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070995-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 68], "content_span": [69, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070995-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 69], "content_span": [70, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070995-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 St. Louis Browns season, Awards and honors\nCasey Stengel kept to his word and named Paige to the 1953 All-Star team despite Paige not having a very good year. He got in the game in the eighth inning. First Paige got Gil Hodges to line out, then after Roy Campanella singled up the middle, Eddie Mathews popped out. He then walked Duke Snider and Enos Slaughter lined a hit to center to score Campanella. National League pitcher Murry Dickson drove in Snider, but was thrown out at second base trying to stretch the hit into a double. Paige ended the year with a disappointing 3\u20139 record, but a respectable 3.53 ERA. Paige was released after the season when Veeck once again had to sell the team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 47], "content_span": [48, 700]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070996-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 St. Louis Cardinals season\nThe 1953 St. Louis Cardinals season was the team's 72nd season in St. Louis, Missouri and the 62nd season in the National League. The Cardinals went 83\u201371 during the season and finished in a tie for 3rd place with the Philadelphia Phillies in the National League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070996-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 St. Louis Cardinals season\nPrior to the start of the season, August A. Busch, Jr. of Anheuser-Busch bought the team from Fred Saigh. That started a reign that would last until March 1996, when William DeWitt, Jr., Drew Baur and Fred Hanser bought the club. Realizing the Cardinals now had more resources than he could possibly match, Bill Veeck, owner of the St. Louis Browns decided to search for another city to which to move the Browns. As a first step, he sold Sportsman's Park to the Cardinals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070996-0001-0001", "contents": "1953 St. Louis Cardinals season\nHe would have probably had to sell the park in any case; the park had fallen into disrepair over the years, and the city had threatened to have it condemned. With the Browns' declining revenues \u2013 despite collecting rent from the Cardinals \u2013 Veeck could not afford to bring it up to code. Busch heavily renovated the 44-year-old park and renamed it Busch Stadium. Within a year, Veeck also sold the Browns to Jerold Hoffberger and Clarence Miles, and the new owners moved them to Baltimore as the Orioles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 536]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070996-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 76], "content_span": [77, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070996-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 69], "content_span": [70, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070996-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 74], "content_span": [75, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070996-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070996-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 72], "content_span": [73, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070997-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Stanford Indians baseball team\nThe 1953 Stanford Indians baseball team represented Stanford University in the 1953 NCAA baseball season. The Indians played their home games at Sunken Diamond. The team was coached by Everett Dean in his 4th year at Stanford.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070997-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Stanford Indians baseball team\nThe Indians won the District VIII Playoff to advanced to the College World Series, where they were defeated by the Lafayette Leopards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070998-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Stanford Indians football team\nThe 1953 Stanford Indians football team represented Stanford University in the 1953 college football season. The team was led by Chuck Taylor in his third year, and by quarterback Bobby Garrett, who would win the season's W. J. Voit Memorial Trophy as most outstanding player on the Pacific Coast, and was selected by the Cleveland Browns as the first pick of the NFL Draft at the end of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070998-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Stanford Indians football team\nThe team played their home games at Stanford Stadium in Stanford, California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070998-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Stanford Indians football team, Game summaries, California\nWith a win in the Big Game, Stanford would earn a berth in the 1954 Rose Bowl. California had not lost a Big Game since 1946, and this game was no exception: California intercepted quarterback Garrett five times and scored twice late to force a 21\u201321 tie. The tie, coupled with UCLA's victory over rival USC, denied the Indians a second Rose Bowl appearance in three years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 63], "content_span": [64, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070999-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Stanley Cup Finals\nThe 1953 Stanley Cup Finals was contested by the Boston Bruins and the Montreal Canadiens. The Bruins were appearing in the Final for the first time since 1946. The Canadiens, who were appearing in their third straight Finals series, won the series four games to one.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070999-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Stanley Cup Finals, Paths to the Finals\nMontreal defeated the Chicago Black Hawks 4\u20133 to reach the Finals. Boston defeated the defending champion Detroit Red Wings 4\u20132 to reach the Finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070999-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Stanley Cup Finals, The series\nJacques Plante was pulled after the first two games in favour of Gerry McNeil. The move paid off as McNeil posted two shutouts in the last three games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070999-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Stanley Cup Finals, Stanley Cup engraving\nThe 1953 Stanley Cup was presented to Canadiens captain Emile Bouchard by NHL President Clarence Campbell following the Canadiens 1\u20130 overtime win over the Bruins in game five.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 46], "content_span": [47, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00070999-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Stanley Cup Finals, Stanley Cup engraving\nThe following Canadiens players and staff had their names engraved on the Stanley Cup", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 46], "content_span": [47, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071000-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Star World Championship\nThe 1953 Star World Championship was held in Napoli, Italy in 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 96]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071000-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Star World Championship, Results\nLegend: DNS \u2013 Did not start; DSQ \u2013 Disqualified; WDR \u2013 Withdrew;", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071001-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Stoke-on-Trent North by-election\nThe 1953 Stoke-on-Trent North by-election was held on 31 March 1953 after the incumbent Labour MP, Albert Davies, died on his way to Jamaica as member of a delegation from the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association. It was retained by the Labour candidate Harriet Slater, who had been a local councillor from 1933.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071002-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Sudanese parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Sudan on 2 and 25 November 1953, prior to the implementation of home rule. The result was a victory for the National Unionist Party, which won 51 of the 97 seats in House of Representatives. The NUP also obtained a majority in the Senate, where they won 21 of the 30 indirectly elected seats  (elected by local and provincial councils) and 10 of the 20 members were nominated to the Senate by the British Governor-General. Although the Umma Party and some of the British press alleged that Egypt had interfered in the election, it was generally seen as free and fair.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 641]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071003-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Sugar Bowl\nThe 1953  Sugar Bowl was an American college football bowl game played on January 1, 1953, at Tulane Stadium in New Orleans, Louisiana. The game the featured the second-ranked Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets, and the seventh-ranked Ole Miss Rebels. Georgia Tech won 24\u20137 to complete their national championship season. (Undefeated Michigan State was the top-ranked team in both final polls, released in early December)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071003-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Sugar Bowl\nThis was the first televised Sugar Bowl, carried by ABC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 72]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071003-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Sugar Bowl, Background\nThe Yellow Jackets were champions of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) with a 7\u20130 conference record and ranked #2 going into the game. Ole Miss finished third in the SEC, but had an undefeated regular season, highlighted by an upset win over Maryland, and were ranked in the top ten for the first time. This was the first bowl game for Ole Miss since 1948 and the program's first Sugar Bowl. This was Georgia Tech's first Sugar Bowl since 1944.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 27], "content_span": [28, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071003-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Sugar Bowl, Game summary\nOle Miss scored first on a 4-yard touchdown run by Wilson Dillard, as they took a 7\u20130 first quarter lead. In the second quarter, Georgia Tech scored on a 1-yard Bill Brigman run to tie the game at 7. Pepper Rodgers kicked a 25-yard field goal as Georgia Tech went up 10\u20137 at halftime. In the third quarter, Leon Hardeman scored on a 6-yard touchdown run as Georgia Tech went up 17\u20137. In the fourth quarter, Rodgers threw a 26-yard touchdown pass to Jeff Knox, as Georgia Tech won 24\u20137. Hardeman went 76 yards on 14 rushes with one touchdown and was named MVP.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 29], "content_span": [30, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071003-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Sugar Bowl, Aftermath\nBoth teams made two more Sugar Bowls appearances in the 1950s. Ole Miss added four more in the 1960s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 26], "content_span": [27, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071004-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Summer Deaflympics\nThe 1953 Summer Deaflympics (Dutch: Zomerdeaflympische Zomerspelen 1953; French: 1953 Sourdlympiques d'\u00e9t\u00e9;German: Sommer-Deaflympics 1953) officially known as 7th Deaflympics (Dutch: 7e Zomerdeaflympische Spelen; French: 7e Sourdlympiques d'\u00e9t\u00e9;German: 7. Sommer Deaflympics) is an international multi-sport event that was held from 15 August 1953 to 19 August 1953. The event was hosted by Brussels, Belgium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071004-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Summer Deaflympics\nThe 1953 Summer Deaflympics saw Australia as the second non-European country to enter. The American team in 1935.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071005-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Summer International University Sports Week\nThe 1953 Summer International University Sports Week were organised by the International University Sports Federation (FISU) and held in Dortmund, West Germany, between 7 and 14 August.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071006-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Sun Bowl\nThe 1953 Sun Bowl was a college football postseason bowl game that featured the Pacific Tigers and the Mississippi Southern.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071006-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Sun Bowl, Background\nThis was the sixth bowl in seven years and second straight Sun Bowl for Pacific. Mississippi Southern came in on a ten-game winning steak after losing to Alabama in the season-opener.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 25], "content_span": [26, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071006-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Sun Bowl, Game summary\nA fumble on the kickoff return to begin the second half led to another Pacific touchdown. Four fumbles were lost on the day by the Mississippi Southern. Hugh Laurin Pepper scored the only Mississippi Southern touchdown, with little time remaining. Tom McCormack rushed for three touchdowns, a then record. J. T. Shepard blocked a block and recovered a fumble along with making some tackles, in a losing effort.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 27], "content_span": [28, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071006-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Sun Bowl, Aftermath\nThe Tigers never returned to a bowl game before the college dissolved the football program in 1995. The Mississippi Southern returned to the Sun Bowl the following year for their second of four bowl appearances in a span five years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 24], "content_span": [25, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071007-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Sunderland South by-election\nThe 1953 Sunderland South by-election was held on 13 May 1953. It was held due to the death of the Labour MP Richard Ewart. It was gained by the Conservative candidate Paul Williams who had unsuccessfully contested the seat in the 1951 general election. It was the first time since 1924 that an incumbent government had gained a seat from the opposition in a by-election. The gain was held at the 1955 general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071008-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Suva earthquake\nThe 1953 Suva earthquake occurred on 14 September at 00:26 UTC near Suva, Fiji, just off the southeast shore of Viti Levu. This earthquake had an estimated magnitude of Ms 6.8 and Mw 6.4. The earthquake triggered a coral reef platform collapse and a submarine landslide that caused a tsunami. Eight people were reported killed; a wharf, bridges, and buildings were severely damaged in Suva.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071008-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Suva earthquake, Tectonic setting\nFiji lies in a complex tectonic setting along the boundary between the Australian Plate and the Pacific Plate. Southwards from Fiji the Pacific Plate is subducting beneath the Australian Plate along the Tonga Trench forming the Tonga Ridge island arc system and the Lau Basin back-arc basin. To the southwest of Fiji the Australian Plate is subducting beneath the Pacific Plate forming the Vanuatu Ridge island arc system and the North Fiji back-arc basin. Hence, the region has undergone a complex process of plate convergence, subduction, and arc volcanism from the Middle Eocene to the Early Pliocene. Many of the larger islands, such as Viti Levu, are of volcanic origin. Volcanism still exists, and there are Holocene volcanos in Fiji.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 38], "content_span": [39, 779]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071008-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Suva earthquake, Tectonic setting\nThe Fiji Platform lies in a zone bordered with active extension fault lines around which most of the shallow earthquakes were centered. These fault lines are the Fiji Fracture Zone (FFZ) to the north, the 176\u00b0 Extension Zone (176\u00b0E EZ) to the west, and the Hunter Fracture Zone (HFZ) to the east.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 38], "content_span": [39, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071008-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Suva earthquake, Earthquake\nThe earthquake lasted between 25 and 30 seconds and had an estimated magnitude of 6.75 on the surface wave magnitude scale. The calculated focal mechanism is consistent with slightly oblique dextral (right lateral) strike-slip on a NW-SE trending fault plane, matching the orientation of other fault planes measured in the area and a marked bathymetric lineament. The fault parameters calculated for the earthquake are a length of 30\u00a0km, a width of 27\u00a0km and a slip of one metre. The NW trending nodal plane of this earthquake coincides with the strike of the NW trending Naqara Fault on the southeast coast of Viti Levu.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 32], "content_span": [33, 654]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071008-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Suva earthquake, Tsunami\nThe first sign of the tsunami was observed about one minute after the earthquake when a disturbance of the sea surface was noticed by the captain of the cutter Adi Tirisa \"beyond the reef some 4 to 5 miles southwest of Suva\u2026she was badly shaken and a little later three great spouts burst out of the sea, carrying mud, stones, and part of a long-wrecked vessel\u2026\" The location of this disturbance was at the western end of the entrance to the Suva Passage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 29], "content_span": [30, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071008-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Suva earthquake, Tsunami, Origin\nFrom the type of fault displacement and the magnitude of the event it was clear that the tsunami was not caused by any displacement of the seabed associated with the earthquake. The shaking triggered collapse of part of the barrier reef at Suva into the Suva Canyon. The current reef edge shows the effects of repeated slope failure. The characteristics of the 1953 landslide scar were investigated using a high resolution multibeam echo sounder.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 37], "content_span": [38, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071008-0005-0001", "contents": "1953 Suva earthquake, Tsunami, Origin\nThe area immediately offshore from the reef is a composite failure surface, within which a fresh scar was identified with a width of 800 m, defining an estimated slide volume of 60 million cubic metres. Numerical modelling of this as the likely source was able to reproduce many aspects of the observed development of the tsunami.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 37], "content_span": [38, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071008-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 Suva earthquake, Damage\nThis earthquake was the most destructive in Fiji's recorded history, the tremor itself killing three people and seriously injuring twenty others. The most serious damage occurred in the southeastern part of Viti Levu. The tsunami caused particular damage to coastal areas not protected by barrier reefs, devastating the villages of Nakasaleka and Makaluva. There were five deaths from the tsunami, three at Suva and two at Nakasaleka. Had the tsunami occurred at high tide, rather than low tide it would have been more damaging.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071008-0007-0000", "contents": "1953 Suva earthquake, Damage\nThe landslide that caused the tsunami generated turbidity currents that damaged several underwater cables in the Suva Canyon. The total damage caused by earthquake and tsunami was estimated as $500,000 (at 1953 values in U.S. dollars).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071009-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Svenska Cupen\nSvenska Cupen 1953 was the twelfth season of the main Swedish football Cup. The competition was concluded on 26 July 1953 with the Final, held at R\u00e5sunda Stadium, Solna in Stockholms l\u00e4n. Malm\u00f6 FF won 3-2 against IFK Norrk\u00f6ping before an attendance of 20,356 spectators.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071009-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Svenska Cupen, Quarter-finals\nThe 4 matches in this round were played on 19 July 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 91]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071009-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Svenska Cupen, Semi-finals\nThe semi-finals in this round were played on 22 and 23 July 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 31], "content_span": [32, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071009-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Svenska Cupen, Final\nThe final was played on 26 July 1953 at the R\u00e5sunda Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 25], "content_span": [26, 86]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071010-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Svenska Cupen Final\nThe 1953 Svenska Cupen final took place on 26 July 1953 at R\u00e5sunda in Solna. It was contested between Allsvenskan sides Malm\u00f6 FF and IFK Norrk\u00f6ping. IFK Norrk\u00f6ping played their first final since 1945 and fourth final in total, Malm\u00f6 FF played their second consecutive final and their sixth final in total. Malm\u00f6 FF won their fifth title with a 3\u20132 victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071011-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Swiss Grand Prix\nThe 1953 Swiss Grand Prix was a Formula Two race held on 23 August 1953 at Bremgarten Circuit. It was race 8 of 9 in the 1953 World Championship of Drivers, which was run to Formula Two rules in 1952 and 1953, rather than the Formula One regulations normally used. World Champion Ferrari driver Alberto Ascari won the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071011-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Swiss Grand Prix\nThe race marked the brief return of Grand Prix-era legend Hermann Lang. He was given a chance to participate in Formula 1 racing driving for Officine Alfieri Maserati after one of their team drivers was injured. He raced in two World Drivers' Championship events overall\u2014one in 1953 and one in 1954\u2014and his result here, a fifth-place finish, was his best result.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071012-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Swiss referendums\nThree referendums were held in Switzerland during 1953. The first was held on 19 April on revising the federal law on postal delivery, and was rejected by 64% of voters. The second and third were held on 6 December on reordering the federal budget and adding a new article 24quater to the federal constitution on water pollution controls. The budget proposal was rejected by 58% of voters, whilst the constitutional amendment was approved by 81% of voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071013-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race\nThe 1953 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race, was the 9th annual running of the \"blue water classic\" Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071013-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race\nHosted by the Cruising Yacht Club of Australia based in Sydney, New South Wales, the 1953 edition began on Sydney Harbour, at Noon on Boxing Day (26 December 1953), before heading south for 630 nautical miles (1,170\u00a0km) through the Tasman Sea, past Bass Strait, into Storm Bay and up the River Derwent, to cross the finish line in Hobart, Tasmania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071013-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race\nThe 1953 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race comprised a fleet of 23 competitors, the largest ever at the time. Line-honours were awarded to Solveig, the Australian racer custom-built of Oregon (Douglas Fir) on Australian hardwood frames in Sydney by the Norwegian family business Lars Halvorsen Sons and skippered by Trygve Halvorsen with Stan Darling as navigator. Solveig won in the time of 5 days, 7 hours and 12 minutes. Solveig is yet today a sound vessel. She was sold by T&M Halvorsen in Hawaii after the 1955 Transpac Race. \"Solveig\" was shipped by container ship back to Sydney in January 2017 and is now restored and racing on Sydney Harbour with other classic yachts. Ripple, skippered by R. C. Hobson, was awarded handicap honours on adjusted time using the International Measurement System (IMS).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 835]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071013-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race, 1953 fleet\n23 yachts registered to begin the 1953 Sydney to Hobart Yacht race won by Ripple of Ronald Hobson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071014-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Sylvania Television Awards\nThe 1953 Sylvania Television Awards were presented on December 1, 1953, at Hotel Pierre in New York City. The Sylvania Awards were established by Sylvania Electric Products. The awards were selected by a committee of 16 judges led by Deems Taylor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071014-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Sylvania Television Awards\nThe Ford 50th Anniversary Show, a two-hour variety show broadcast simultaneously on both CBS and NBC received four special awards for producer Leland Hayward, director Clark Jones, choreographer Jerome Robbins, and Mary Martin for her work on the 50 years of fashion sketch.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071014-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Sylvania Television Awards\nThe committee issued a report criticizing the \"repetition and loud volume of sound in commercials, lack of a fresh approach in programs, lack of simplicity in set design, and use of dubbed in recorded laughter in filmed programs.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071015-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Syracuse Orangemen football team\nThe 1953 Syracuse Orangemen football team represented Syracuse University in the 1953 college football season. The Orangemen were led by fifth-year head coach Ben Schwartzwalder and played their home games at Archbold Stadium in Syracuse, New York. Syracuse finished the season with a 5\u20133\u20131 record and were not invited to a bowl game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071016-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Syrian constitutional referendum\nA constitutional referendum was held in Syria on 10 July 1953. The changes to the constitution were approved by 99.7% of voters, with turnout reported to be 86.8%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071017-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Syrian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Syria on 9 October 1953. They were the elections held under the 1953 constitution, which granted universal suffrage to women, scrapping the educational requirements used in previous elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071017-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Syrian parliamentary election\nThe result was a victory for the Arab Liberation Movement, which won 72 of the 82 seats. The People's Party and the National Party were both closed down and prohibited from operating. Most of their leaders were imprisoned or under house arrest due to President Adib al-Shishakli's tyrannical regime that came to power after a coup d'\u00e9tat 3 years earlier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071018-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Syrian presidential election\nPresidential elections were held in Syria on 10 July 1953. There was only one candidate, Adib Shishakli, with voters asked to approve or reject his candidacy. A reported 99.7% of voters voted in favour, with a turnout of 86.8%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071019-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 S\u00e3o Paulo FC season\nThe 1953 football season was S\u00e3o Paulo's 24th season since club's existence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071020-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 TANFL season\nThe 1953 Tasmanian Australian National Football League (TANFL) premiership season was an Australian Rules football competition staged in Hobart, Tasmania over fifteen (15) roster rounds and four (4) finals series matches between 18 April and 19 September 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071020-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 TANFL season, Participating Clubs, Intrastate Matches\nNote: This match was a curtain-raiser to the TANFL v NWFU fixture.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 58], "content_span": [59, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071020-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 TANFL season, 1953 TANFL Ladder, Grand Final\nSource: All scores and statistics courtesy of the Hobart Mercury publication.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 49], "content_span": [50, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071021-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 TCU Horned Frogs football team\nThe 1953 TCU Horned Frogs football team represented Texas Christian University (TCU) in the 1953 college football season. The Horned Frogs finished the season 3\u20137 overall and 1\u20135 in the Southwest Conference. The team was coached by Abe Martin in his first year as head coach. The Frogs played their home games in Amon G. Carter Stadium, which is located on campus in Fort Worth, Texas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071022-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Tampa Spartans football team\nThe 1953 Tampa Spartans football team represented the University of Tampa in the 1953 college football season. It was the Spartans' 17th season. The team was led by head coach Marcelino Huerta, in his second year, and played their home games at Phillips Field in Tampa, Florida. They finished with a record of six wins and six losses (6\u20136).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071023-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Tangerine Bowl\nThe 1953 Tangerine Bowl was an American college football bowl game played following the 1952 season, on January 1, 1953, at the Tangerine Bowl stadium in Orlando, Florida. The game featured the Tennessee Tech Golden Eagles and the East Texas State Lions (now Texas A&M University\u2013Commerce).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071023-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Tangerine Bowl, Background\nThe Lions were champions of the Lone Star Conference after finishing their regular season 10\u20130, and they entered the bowl with an 18-game winning streak. They were coached by \"Catfish\" Smith, in his second year leading the team. The Golden Eagles finished their regular season 9\u20131, under head coach \"Putty\" Overall, who had come out of retirement after previously coaching the team from 1923 to 1946.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 31], "content_span": [32, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071023-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Tangerine Bowl, Game summary\nEast Texas State scored two touchdowns in the first quarter, jumping out to a 13\u20130 lead. Tennessee Tech prevented them from scoring during the next two quarters, but were unable to score themselves, and the game entered the fourth quarter still at 13\u20130. During the final quarter, East Texas State scored three more touchdowns to stretch their lead to 33\u20130, the game's final score. Halfback Marvin Brown, who had scored two of East Texas State's five touchdowns, was named the game's most valuable player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071023-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Tangerine Bowl, Aftermath\nEast Texas State would make three more appearances in this bowl during the 1950s, including the next playing, the 1954 Tangerine Bowl. Tennessee Tech's next postseason appearance would come eight seasons later, in this bowl game, the December 1960 Tangerine Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 30], "content_span": [31, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071024-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Ta\u00e7a de Portugal Final\nThe 1953 Ta\u00e7a de Portugal Final was the final match of the 1952\u201353 Ta\u00e7a de Portugal, the 13th season of the Ta\u00e7a de Portugal, the premier Portuguese football cup competition organized by the Portuguese Football Federation (FPF). The match was played on 28 June 1953 at the Est\u00e1dio Nacional in Oeiras, and opposed two Primeira Liga sides: Benfica and Porto. Benfica defeated Porto 5\u20130 to claim their seventh Ta\u00e7a de Portugal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071025-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Team Speedway Polish Championship\n1953 Team Speedway Polish Championship season was the sixth season and is used to determine the Team Polish Champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071025-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Team Speedway Polish Championship, Rules\nIn First League, matches were played with part two teams, without it playing it matches return. Teams were made up of 6 drivers plus 2 reserves. The score of heat: 3\u20132\u20131\u20130. Mecz consisted of 9 heats. For winning a game a team received 2 points, draw \u2013 1 point, lost \u2013 0 points. The drivers from main squad started in a match three times. The quantity of small points was added up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 45], "content_span": [46, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071025-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Team Speedway Polish Championship, Rules\nBefore the season it was established that only 4 full rounds would take place with only the first 8 teams competing in the 5th round. After playing 5 rounds the 4 first teams played in the  \"Final Round\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 45], "content_span": [46, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071026-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Temple Owls football team\nThe 1953 Temple Owls football team was an American football team that represented Temple University as an independent during the 1953 college football season. In its fourth season under head coach Albert Kawal, the team compiled a 4\u20134\u20131 record. The team played its home games at Temple Stadium in Philadelphia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071027-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Tennessee A&I Tigers football team\nThe 1953 Tennessee A&I Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Tennessee Agricultural & Industrial State College as a member of the Midwest Athletic Association (MAA) during the 1953 college football season. In their third season under head coach Henry Kean, the Tigers compiled an 8\u20130\u20131 record, won the MAA championship, and outscored all opponents by a total of 225 to 60.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071027-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Tennessee A&I Tigers football team\nThe team was selected based on the Dickinson System as the 1953 black college national champion with a Dickinson rating of 25.83, placing ahead of Prairie View (25.00), Florida A&M (24.50), and Lincoln (MO) (24.25).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071028-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Tennessee Volunteers football team\nThe 1953 Tennessee Volunteers (variously Tennessee, UT, or the Vols) represented the University of Tennessee in the 1953 college football season. Playing as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC), the team was led by head coach Harvey Robinson, in his first year, and played their home games at Shields\u2013Watkins Field in Knoxville, Tennessee. They finished the season with a record of six wins, four losses and one tie (6\u20134\u20131 overall, 3\u20132\u20131 in the SEC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071029-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Texas A&M Aggies football team\nThe 1953 Texas A&M Aggies football team represented Texas A&M University in the 1953 college football season as a member of the Southwest Conference (SWC). The Aggies were led by head coach Raymond George in his third season and finished with a record of four wins, five losses and one tie (4\u20135\u20131 overall, 1\u20135 in the SWC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071030-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Texas Longhorns baseball team\nThe 1953 Texas Longhorns baseball team represented the University of Texas at Austin in the 1953 NCAA baseball season. The Longhorns played their home games at Clark Field. The team was coached by Bibb Falk in his 11th season at Texas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071030-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Texas Longhorns baseball team\nThe Longhorns reached the College World Series final, but were eliminated by Michigan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071031-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Texas Longhorns football team\nThe 1953 Texas Longhorns football team represented the University of Texas in the 1953 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071032-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Texas Tech Red Raiders football team\nThe 1953 Texas Tech Red Raiders football team represented Texas Tech during the 1953 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071033-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Texas Western Miners football team\nThe 1953 Texas Western Miners football team was an American football team that represented Texas Western College (now known as University of Texas at El Paso) as a member of the Border Conference during the 1953 college football season. In its fourth season under head coach Mike Brumbelow, the team compiled an 8\u20132 record (4\u20132 against Border Conference opponents), finished third in the conference, defeated Southern Miss in the 1954 Sun Bowl, and outscored all opponents by a total of 257 to 144.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071034-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 The Citadel Bulldogs football team\nThe 1953 The Citadel Bulldogs football team represented The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina in the 1953 college football season. John D. McMillan served as head coach for the first season. The Bulldogs played as members of the Southern Conference and played home games at Johnson Hagood Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071035-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1953 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship was the 63rd staging of the Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Tipperary County Board in 1887. The championship began on 30 August 1953 and ended on 4 October 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071035-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship\nOn 4 October 1953, Borris-Ileigh won the championship after a 4-08 to 4-04 defeat of Boherlahan in the final at Thurles Sportsfield. It was their third championship title overall and their first title since 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071036-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Titleholders Championship\nThe 1953 Titleholders Championship was contested from March 12\u201315 at Augusta Country Club. It was the 14th edition of the Titleholders Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071037-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Toledo Rockets football team\nThe 1953 Toledo Rockets football team was an American football team that represented Toledo University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1953 college football season. In their third and final season under head coach Clair Dunn, the Rockets compiled a 3\u20136 record (2\u20133 against MAC opponents), finished in fourth place in the MAC, and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 305 to 113.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071037-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Toledo Rockets football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Dave Andrzejewski with 403 passing yards, Mel Triplett with 479 rushing yards, and Rick Kaser with 189 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071038-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Torneo God\u00f3\nThe 1953 Torneo God\u00f3 was the first edition of the Torneo God\u00f3 tennis event and it took place from June 3\u20137, 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071039-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Torneo di Viareggio\nThe 1953 winners of the Torneo di Viareggio (in English, the Viareggio Tournament, officially the Viareggio Cup World Football Tournament Coppa Carnevale), the annual youth football tournament held in Viareggio, Tuscany, are listed below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071039-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Torneo di Viareggio, Format\nThe 16 teams are organized in knockout rounds, all played single tie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 32], "content_span": [33, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071040-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Toronto Argonauts season\nThe 1953 Toronto Argonauts finished in fourth place in the Interprovincial Rugby Football Union with a 5\u20139 record and failed to make the playoffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071041-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Toronto municipal election\nMunicipal elections were held in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, on December 7, 1953. Incumbent mayor Allan Lamport won an unexpectedly close race against school board trustee Arthur Young. This election was the first for councils in the municipality of Metropolitan Toronto which would be created on January 1, 1954 and was composed of 14 municipalities: the City of Toronto, the towns of New Toronto, Mimico, Weston and Leaside; the villages of Long Branch, Swansea and Forest Hill, and the townships of Etobicoke, York, North York, East York, and Scarborough.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 588]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071041-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Toronto municipal election\nA Metropolitan Toronto Council had come into being on April 15, 1953 and was made up of the Metro Chairman, Frederick Gardiner, who had been appointed by the province, the Mayor of Toronto, the City of Toronto's two most senior Controllers, nine senior aldermen from each of the City of Toronto (the top finisher in each ward), and the twelve suburban mayors and reeves.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071041-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Toronto municipal election, Toronto mayor\nLamport had been elected mayor in 1951, and was expected to face no major opposition to his reelection after powerful Controller Leslie Saunders opted not to run. The final result ended up being closer than expected as Young, who had never run for or held citywide office, came within 10,000 votes. A central issue of the campaign was the introduction of rent control, which Lamport opposed and Young favoured. Part way through his term, Lamport resigned and was succeeded by Saunders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 46], "content_span": [47, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071041-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Toronto municipal election, Board of Control\nAll four Board of Control members were reelected. Labour representative Ford Brand also campaigned on rent control, and increased his vote to almost win second place. Missing a seat was former Alderman Joseph Cornish on his second attempt for a Board seat. As a result of Saunders appointment as mayor alderman Ross Lipsett was appointed to the Board of Control. The unexpected death of Louis Shannon led to a second board appointment, this time of Alderman Roy Belyea. The most senior two Controllers in terms of votes also sat on Metro Toronto Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 49], "content_span": [50, 604]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071041-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Toronto municipal election, City council\nDue to the acclamation in Ward 1 City Council chose William Allen to represent the ward on Metro Council", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 45], "content_span": [46, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071041-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Toronto municipal election, City council\nIn each ward, the alderman with the most votes was declared the senior alderman and sat on both Metro Council and Toronto City Council", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 45], "content_span": [46, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071041-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 Toronto municipal election, City council\nResults are taken from the December 8, 1953 Toronto Star and might not exactly match final tallies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 45], "content_span": [46, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071041-0007-0000", "contents": "1953 Toronto municipal election, Changes\nController Louis Shannon died on February 16, 1954. On February 23 Controller Ford Brand was appointed Metro Councillor; Ward 9 Alderman Roy Belyea was appointed Controller; Ward 9's remaining Alderman Leonard Reilly was appointed Metro Councillor and David Burt was appointed Alderman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 40], "content_span": [41, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071041-0008-0000", "contents": "1953 Toronto municipal election, Changes\nMayor Allan Lamport resigned on June 28, 1954 to become Vice-Chairman of the Toronto Transit Commission. Council accepted his resignation by a vote of 19-2 and then unanimously elected Controller Leslie Howard Saunders as Mayor. On July 7 Controller David Balfour was appointed Metro Councillor; Ward 8 Alderman Ross Lipsett was appointed Controller; Ward 8's remaining Alderman Alex Hodgins was appointed Metro Councillor and William Probert was appointed Alderman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 40], "content_span": [41, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071041-0009-0000", "contents": "1953 Toronto municipal election, Suburbs, East York\nSource: \"Suburbs Vote Light, Few Changes Result\", The Globe and Mail (1936-Current); Toronto, Ont. [ Toronto, Ont]07 Dec 1953: 1", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 51], "content_span": [52, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071041-0010-0000", "contents": "1953 Toronto municipal election, Suburbs, Etobicoke\nIrene Beatie is the first woman ever elected to Etobicoke Town Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 51], "content_span": [52, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071041-0011-0000", "contents": "1953 Toronto municipal election, Suburbs, Etobicoke\n(source: The Globe and Mail; Toronto, Ont. [ Toronto, Ont]08 Dec 1953, pg 9)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 51], "content_span": [52, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071041-0012-0000", "contents": "1953 Toronto municipal election, Suburbs, Forest Hill, Toronto\nSource: \"Last Ballot Dec. 11: No Changes So Far In Metro Council Slate\", The Globe and Mail (1936-2016); Toronto, Ont. [ Toronto, Ont]07 Dec 1953: 5", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 62], "content_span": [63, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071041-0013-0000", "contents": "1953 Toronto municipal election, Suburbs, Long Branch\nSource: \"Suburbs Vote Light, Few Changes Result\", The Globe and Mail (1936-Current); Toronto, Ont. [ Toronto, Ont]07 Dec 1953: 1", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 53], "content_span": [54, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071041-0014-0000", "contents": "1953 Toronto municipal election, Suburbs, Mimico\nSource: \"Mimico Mayor Sets a Record With 12 Terms\", The Globe and Mail (1936-2016); Toronto, Ont. [ Toronto, Ont]04 Dec 1953: 4.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 48], "content_span": [49, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071041-0015-0000", "contents": "1953 Toronto municipal election, Suburbs, New Toronto\nSource: \"Strath Wins Mayoralty In New Toronto Vote\", The Globe and Mail (1936-Current); Toronto, Ont. [ Toronto, Ont]14 Dec 1953: 5.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 53], "content_span": [54, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071041-0016-0000", "contents": "1953 Toronto municipal election, Suburbs, Weston\nSource: \"Suburbs Vote Light, Few Changes Result\", The Globe and Mail (1936-Current); Toronto, Ont. [ Toronto, Ont]07 Dec 1953: 1", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 48], "content_span": [49, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071041-0017-0000", "contents": "1953 Toronto municipal election, Suburbs, York\nSource: \"Suburbs Vote Light, Few Changes Result\", The Globe and Mail (1936-Current); Toronto, Ont. [ Toronto, Ont]07 Dec 1953: 1", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 46], "content_span": [47, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071042-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Torud earthquake\nThe 1953 Torud earthquake occurred at the northeastern border of the Great Salt Kavir in Torud, Semnan, Iran on 12 February. The shock had a moment magnitude of 6.6 and had a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe). At least 800 people were killed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071043-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Tour de France\nThe 1953 Tour de France was the 40th edition of the Tour de France, taking place from 3 to 26 July. It consisted of 22 stages over 4,476\u00a0km (2,781\u00a0mi).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071043-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Tour de France\nThe race was won by Louison Bobet, the first of his three consecutive wins. At first, internal struggles in the French national team seemed to work against Bobet, but when the team joined forces, he beat regional rider Jean Mall\u00e9jac in the mountains.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071043-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Tour de France\nThe 1953 Tour de France saw the introduction of the points classification, which gives the green jersey to its leader. In 1953 this was won by Fritz Sch\u00e4r.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071043-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Tour de France, Innovations and changes\nChanges in the Tour formula were made: Only one time trial was used, instead of two the previous year; the time bonus for the first cyclist to cross a mountain top was removed; there were fewer mountain stages; the number of cyclists per team was increased from 8 to 10. Since all these changes were bad for 1952's winner Fausto Coppi, who had gained significant time in 1952 in the time trials and mountain stages, the Tour organisation was accused of favoring French riders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 44], "content_span": [45, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071043-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Tour de France, Teams\nAs was the custom since the 1930 Tour de France, the 1953 Tour de France was contested by national and regional teams. Seven national teams were sent, with 10 cyclists each from Italy, Switzerland, Belgium, Spain, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and France. France additionally sent five regional teams from 10 cyclists each, divided into \u00cele-de-France, Center-North East France, South-East, West and South West. One Luxembourgian cyclist did not start, so 119 cyclists started the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 26], "content_span": [27, 510]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071043-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Tour de France, Pre-race favourites\nThe winner of the previous edition, Coppi, did not defend his title. The reasons were not clear: it could have been injury, but it was also possible that Coppi did not want to ride in the same team as his rival Gino Bartali, or that the Tour direction urged the Italian team not to select Coppi because he had dominated the 1952 Tour, or that Coppi chose to prepare for the 1953 UCI Road World Championships. The big favourites became Hugo Koblet and Louison Bobet.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 40], "content_span": [41, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071043-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 Tour de France, Pre-race favourites\nThe last five editions had been won by Italian and Swiss cyclists, so the French cycling fans were anxious for a French win. When team manager Marcel Bidot had selected Bobet as the French team captain, controversy arose. Bobet had shown his potential strength, but had already tried to win the Tour de France five times without succeeding. His team-mate Rapha\u00ebl G\u00e9miniani thought that Bobet was not strong enough, after he did not finish the 1953 Giro d'Italia earlier that year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 40], "content_span": [41, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071043-0007-0000", "contents": "1953 Tour de France, Route and stages\nThe 1953 Tour de France started on 3 July, and had two rest days, in Bordeaux and Monaco. The highest point of elevation in the race was 2,360\u00a0m (7,740\u00a0ft) at the summit of the Col d'Izoard mountain pass on stage 18.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 37], "content_span": [38, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071043-0008-0000", "contents": "1953 Tour de France, Race overview\nIn the first two stages Fritz Sch\u00e4r won the sprint. The favourites remained calm. After the fourth stage, French Roger Hassenforder took the lead, but he soon lost it when the mountains appeared.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071043-0009-0000", "contents": "1953 Tour de France, Race overview\nHassenforder was ill, and could not follow in the mountains, so Sch\u00e4r took the lead back in the ninth stage. In the next stage, Hugo Koblet, the leader of the Swiss team, fell and had to give up, making Sch\u00e4r the undisputed leader of the Swiss team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071043-0010-0000", "contents": "1953 Tour de France, Race overview\nJean Robic, the winner of the 1947 Tour de France, rode for the regional team from West. He was in great shape, and won the 11th stage, and even took the leading position in the general classification. In the next stage, Robic rode in the yellow jersey for the first and only time in his career. Robic had won the 1947 Tour de France, but only captured the lead in the ultimate stage, so he never wore the yellow jersey during that race. Robic was a good climber, but he was not heavy enough to be a good descender. It is said that the manager of his team had arranged bidons filled with lead, that would be given to Robic on the top of the mountains. This helped Robic to keep his lead on the descent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 737]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071043-0011-0000", "contents": "1953 Tour de France, Race overview\nRobic lost the yellow jersey in the next stage, after he crashed and the French national team attacked. A large group of twenty five cyclists, without any of the favourites, had escaped and stayed away. Robic's team did not lose the jersey however, as first Fran\u00e7ois Mah\u00e9 took over the lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071043-0012-0000", "contents": "1953 Tour de France, Race overview\nIn the next stage, the favourites attacked again. Mah\u00e9 could not keep up, and lost his leading position to his team-mate Jean Mall\u00e9jac. The sprint was won by Nello Lauredi from the French national team, before his team-mate Bobet. Bobet was angry that Lauredi had won the sprint, because it made Bobet miss the one-minute time bonus for the winner of the stage. Bobet accused Lauredi and G\u00e9miniani of working against him, and during dinner it came to a fight. The French team captain intervened, and they found a solution: Bobet agreed to give his prize money to his team-mates, if they helped him win the Tour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 646]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071043-0013-0000", "contents": "1953 Tour de France, Race overview\nIn that stage, Robic had fallen down, and lost many minutes, so he was no longer considered able to win the Tour. He did not start the fourteenth stage. At that point, Bobet was 3 minutes 13 seconds behind Mall\u00e9jac.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071043-0014-0000", "contents": "1953 Tour de France, Race overview\nIn the eighteenth stage in the alps, Bobet followed Jesus Lorono who attacked on the Col de Vars. Bobet dropped him on the descend, and went alone to the Col d'Izoard. There was a group of early attackers ahead, including Bobet's team-mate Deledda. Deledda waited for Bobet, and helped him to reach the Izoard. Bobet could save his energy, and when they reached the Izoard, he left Deledda behind. The tactics had worked, and Bobet won more than 12 minutes on Mall\u00e9jac and took the yellow jersey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071043-0014-0001", "contents": "1953 Tour de France, Race overview\nHe extended his lead by winning the time trial in stage 20, thereby showing that he was not only a good climber but also a fine time trialist. At that point, the Dutch team was leading the team classification, and the Dutch and French team started to work together to keep their leading positions in the general and team classification.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071043-0015-0000", "contents": "1953 Tour de France, Race overview\nFor the finish in Paris, eleven former Tour de France winners were present: Maurice Garin (who won the 1903 edition), Gustave Garrigou (1911), Philippe Thys (1913, 1914 and 1920), Lucien Buysse (1926), Andr\u00e9 Leducq (1930 and 1932), Antonin Magne (1931 and 1934), Georges Speicher (1933), Romain Maes (1935), Sylv\u00e8re Maes (1936 and 1939), Roger Lap\u00e9bie (1937) and Ferdinand K\u00fcbler (1950).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071043-0016-0000", "contents": "1953 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes\nThe time that each cyclist required to finish each stage was recorded, and these times were added together for the general classification. If a cyclist had received a time bonus, it was subtracted from this total; all time penalties were added to this total. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey. Of the 119 cyclists that started the 1953 Tour de France, 76 finished the race. The results showed that the pre-war greats were no longer dominant: all cyclists in the top ten had turned professional after the Second World War. The prize for best regional cyclist was won by second-placed Mall\u00e9jac.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 63], "content_span": [64, 719]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071043-0017-0000", "contents": "1953 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes\nFifty years after the first Tour de France, the 1953 Tour featured the introduction of the green jersey, for the leader in the points classification (usually seen as the \"best sprinter's\" jersey), at that time called the Grand Prix Cinquentennaire. The classification was based on the points system as it had been used from the 1905 Tour de France to the 1912 Tour de France. The points classification was not only added to celebrate the 50 years since the first race, but also to have the sprinters race hard for the entire race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 63], "content_span": [64, 594]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071043-0017-0001", "contents": "1953 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes\nThe calculation method came from the Tours de France from 1905 to 1912. Points were given according to the ranking of the stage: the winner received one points, the next cyclist two points, and so on. These points were added, and the cyclist with the fewest points was the leader of the points classification. In 1953, this was won by Fritz Sch\u00e4r.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 63], "content_span": [64, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071043-0018-0000", "contents": "1953 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes\nPoints for the mountains classification were earned by reaching the mountain tops first. The system was almost the same as in 1952: there were two types of mountain tops: the hardest ones, in category 1, gave 10 points to the first cyclist, the easier ones, in category 2, gave 6 points to the first cyclist, and the easiest ones, in category 3, gave 3 points. Jesus Lorono won this classification.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 63], "content_span": [64, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071043-0019-0000", "contents": "1953 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes\nThe calculation of the team classification was changed from the calculation in 1952. In 1953, it was calculated as the sum of the daily team classifications, and the daily team classification was calculated by adding the times in the stage result of the best three cyclists per team. It was won by the Dutch team, with a small margin over the French team. South West did not finish with three cyclists so was not eligible for the team classification.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 63], "content_span": [64, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071043-0020-0000", "contents": "1953 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes\nThe 1952 Tour had seen the introduction of combativity awards, in which a jury composed of journalists gave points after most stages to the cyclist they considered most combative. In 1953, this system was kept, with the addition of a classification that was led by the rider with the most points from votes in all stages, and an overall super-combativity award. This was won by Wout Wagtmans. The Souvenir Henri Desgrange was given in honour of Tour founder Henri Desgrange to the first rider to pass a point by his final residence, the \"Villa Mia\" in Beauvallon, Grimaud, on the French Riviera on stage 16. This prize was won by Claude Colette.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 63], "content_span": [64, 709]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071043-0021-0000", "contents": "1953 Tour de France, Aftermath\nThe 1953 Tour de France had two young rider making their debuts, Charly Gaul and Andr\u00e9 Darrigade. Gaul would later win the 1958 Tour de France, and Darrigade would win 22 stages in total, and win the points classification twice.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 30], "content_span": [31, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071043-0022-0000", "contents": "1953 Tour de France, Aftermath\nIt was the last Tour that Gino Bartali rode. Bartali started eight Tours, and won two of them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 30], "content_span": [31, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071043-0023-0000", "contents": "1953 Tour de France, Aftermath\nThe winner of the 1953 Tour, Bobet, would also win the next two editions, and became the first rider to win three consecutive Tours.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 30], "content_span": [31, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071044-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Tour de Hongrie\nThe 1953 Tour de Hongrie was the 15th edition of the Tour de Hongrie cycle race and was held from 6 to 10 September 1953. The race started and finished in Budapest. The race was won by J\u00f3zsef Kis-Dala.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071045-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Tour de Romandie\nThe 1953 Tour de Romandie was the seventh edition of the Tour de Romandie cycle race and was held from 7 May to 10 May 1953. The race started and finished in Martigny. The race was won by Hugo Koblet.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071046-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Tour de Suisse\nThe 1953 Tour de Suisse was the 17th edition of the Tour de Suisse cycle race and was held from 17 June to 27 June 1953. The race started and finished in Z\u00fcrich. The race was won by Hugo Koblet.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071047-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Tour of Flanders\nThe 37th running of the Tour of Flanders cycling classic was held on Sunday, 5 April 1953. Dutch rider Wim van Est won the race in a tw-man sprint with D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Keteleer in Wetteren. 44 of 213 riders finished.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071047-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Tour of Flanders, Route\nThe race started in Ghent and finished in Wetteren \u2013 totaling 253\u00a0km. The course featured five categorized climbs:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 28], "content_span": [29, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071048-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Tulane Green Wave football team\nThe 1953 Tulane Green Wave football team was an American football team that represented Tulane University during the 1953 college football season as a member of the Southeastern Conference. In their second year under head coach Raymond Wolf, the team compiled a 1\u20138\u20131 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071049-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Tulsa Golden Hurricane football team\nThe 1953 Tulsa Golden Hurricane football team represented the University of Tulsa during the 1953 college football season. In their first year under head coach Bernie Witucki, the Golden Hurricane compiled a 3\u20137 record, 1\u20133 against Missouri Valley Conference opponents, and finished in last place in the conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071050-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Tumbes earthquake\nThe 1953 Tumbes earthquake occurred on December 12 at 12:31:29 local time near the border between Peru and Ecuador. The shock had a moment magnitude of 7.5, a maximum Mercalli Intensity of VIII (Severe), and occurred in the northwestern offshore area of Tumbes, Peru.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071050-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Tumbes earthquake, Geology\nThe North Andean convergent margin is a region of large crustal deformation. The North Andes block moves northeastwards relative to the South America at a rate of 6\u00b12\u00a0mm/yr. The Nazca Plate is subducting beneath the South American Plate along the Colombia-Ecuador Trench. The subduction of the Carnegie Ridge into the Colombia-Ecuador Trench affected the crustal deformation in this region and the coupling between the Nazca Plate and the South America Plate. In addition, the subduction of the Carnegie Ridge may be an important drive contributing to the relatively northeastward movement of the North Andes block.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 31], "content_span": [32, 647]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071050-0001-0001", "contents": "1953 Tumbes earthquake, Geology\nAlthough there was no large earthquakes in the Gulf of Guayaquil segment of the subduction zone in the late 20th century, the strong earthquakes in 1953 and 1959 suggested that this was because of the strong coupling rather than being aseismic, and the seismic coupling may be quite high and be able to produce large earthquakes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 31], "content_span": [32, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071050-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Tumbes earthquake, Geology\nBesides subduction, other activities also played important roles in this region. A strike-slip fault known as the Dolores-Guayaquil megashear runs from the trench and goes inland. The Gulf of Guayaquil formed as a result of movement on the Dolores-Guayaquil megashear.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 31], "content_span": [32, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071050-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Tumbes earthquake, Damage\nThe earthquake caused 6 deaths. About 200 buildings were destroyed in Tumbes, Peru. Strong shaking could be felt in northeastern Peru and part of Ecuador. The intensity reached MM VIII in Corrales, Tumbes. In Guayaquil, Ecuador, the intensity was MM VI to VII. There were ground fissures in moist soils. Ejection of mud was reported in Bocapan and Puerto Pizzaro.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071050-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Tumbes earthquake, Risk assessment\nGuayaquil, the most populated city of Ecuador, is close to significant seismogenetic structures. The commercial center of Guayaquil is established on alluvial clay deposits interbedded with silty and clayey sand sediments, and the southwestern and southern part of Guayaquil directly lies on lands reclaimed from marshland. Large historical earthquakes, including the earthquake of 1953, showed the importance of the assessment of ground effects caused by earthquakes in Guayaquil. A new INQUA Intensity Scale has been proposed to be applied in such assessment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 39], "content_span": [40, 601]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071051-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 U.S. National Championships (tennis)\nThe 1953 U.S. National Championships (now known as the US Open) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the West Side Tennis Club, Forest Hills in New York City, United States. The tournament ran from 29 August until 7 September. It was the 73rd staging of the U.S. National Championships, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of the year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071051-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Men's doubles\nRex Hartwig /  Mervyn Rose defeated  Gardnar Mulloy /  Bill Talbert 6\u20134, 4\u20136, 6\u20132, 6\u20134", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 64], "content_span": [65, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071051-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Women's doubles\nShirley Fry /  Doris Hart defeated  Louise Brough /  Margaret Osborne duPont 6\u20132, 7\u20139, 9\u20137", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 66], "content_span": [67, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071051-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Mixed doubles\nDoris Hart /   Vic Seixas defeated  Julia Sampson /  Rex Hartwig 6\u20132, 4\u20136, 6\u20134", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 64], "content_span": [65, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071052-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nTony Trabert defeated Vic Seixas 6\u20133, 6\u20132, 6\u20133 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1953 U.S. National Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071052-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Men's Singles, Seeds\nThe tournament used two lists of eight players for seeding the men's singles event; one for U.S. players and one for foreign players. Tony Trabert is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 55], "content_span": [56, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071053-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Women's Singles\nMaureen Connolly was the two time defending champion and successfully defended her title, defeating Doris Hart 6\u20132, 6\u20134 in the final to win the Women's Singles tennis title at the 1953 U.S. National Championships. With this win, she became the first woman in history to win a Grand Slam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071053-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Women's Singles, Seeds\nThe seeded players are listed below. Maureen Connolly is the champion; others show in brackets the round in which they were eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 57], "content_span": [58, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071054-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 U.S. Open (golf)\nThe 1953 U.S. Open was the 53rd U.S. Open, held June 11\u201313 at Oakmont Country Club in Oakmont, Pennsylvania, a suburb northeast of Pittsburgh. Ben Hogan won a record-tying fourth U.S. Open title, six strokes ahead of runner-up Sam Snead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071054-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 U.S. Open (golf), Overview\nAlthough a three-time champion, Hogan was required to participate with the rest of the field in 36-hole qualifying on Tuesday and Wednesday,  immediately preceding the championship. The only exemption at the time was for the defending champion, Julius Boros. The field for the qualifier was 300, with one round at Oakmont and another at the Pittsburgh Field Club, host of the PGA Championship in 1937.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 31], "content_span": [32, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071054-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 U.S. Open (golf), Overview\nAfter qualifying, Hogan shot a tournament-low 67 (\u20135) in the first round on Thursday and an even-par 72 on Friday to hold a two-stroke lead over Snead and George Fazio. Snead's third-round 72 on Saturday morning left him just a shot back of Hogan heading into the final round in the afternoon. With nine holes to go in the final round, Snead trailed by just one shot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 31], "content_span": [32, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071054-0002-0001", "contents": "1953 U.S. Open (golf), Overview\nHogan made three birdies on Oakmont's back nine, including a 25-foot (8\u00a0m) birdie putt at 13 on his way to a 71 and a 283 total, six shots clear of Snead, who shot a final round 76. Hogan's first-round 67 and Snead's second-round 69 were the only sub-70 rounds by any players for the entire tournament. Hogan's win at Oakmont was his fourth U.S. Open title, equaling the record of Willie Anderson and Bobby Jones (Jack Nicklaus would win his fourth U.S. Open in 1980). The four wins came in the last five U.S. Opens in which Hogan had entered; he missed the 1949 edition following his near-fatal automobile accident.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 31], "content_span": [32, 648]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071054-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 U.S. Open (golf), Overview\nTwo future champions made their U.S. Open debuts in 1953 as amateurs: Arnold Palmer, 23, of nearby Latrobe and Ken Venturi, 22, of San Francisco. Both missed the cut; Venturi (78-76=154) by one  stroke, Palmer (84-78=162) by nine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 31], "content_span": [32, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071054-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 U.S. Open (golf), Hogan in 1953\nAlready the Masters champion, Hogan followed up his U.S. Open win with another at the British Open at Carnoustie a few weeks later. He became the first to win three professional majors in a single season, a feat matched only by Tiger Woods in 2000. Through 2018, Hogan remains the only golfer in history to win the Masters, U.S. Open, and British Open in the same calendar year. His margins of victory in the 1953 majors were five, six, and four strokes, respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 36], "content_span": [37, 505]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071054-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 U.S. Open (golf), Hogan in 1953\nIn 1953, the final two majors were in conflict on the schedule. The match-play PGA Championship was a seven-day event, held July 1\u20137 near Detroit; the British Open in Scotland was played July 8\u201310, with a mandatory 36-hole qualifier on July 6\u20137.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 36], "content_span": [37, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071054-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 U.S. Open (golf), Course layout\nThe first hole became a par 4 for majors in 1962.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 36], "content_span": [37, 86]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071055-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 U.S. Women's Open\nThe 1953 U.S. Women's Open was the eighth U.S. Women's Open, held June 25\u201328 at the Country Club of Rochester in Rochester, New York. It was the first U.S. Women's Open conducted by the United States Golf Association (USGA), and the final two rounds were played on Saturday.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071055-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 U.S. Women's Open\nBetsy Rawls won an 18-hole playoff on Sunday by six strokes over runner-up Jackie Pung, 71 to 77. It was the third of eight major championships for Rawls and the second of four U.S. Women's Opens.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071055-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 U.S. Women's Open\nPatty Berg set a course record with a 71 on Thursday and was the 36-hole leader on Friday evening, eight strokes ahead of the field. Her final two rounds of 80 and 79 on Saturday dropped her to solo third, one stroke out of the playoff.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071055-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 U.S. Women's Open\nNotably absent was two-time champion Babe Zaharias, who was recovering from colon cancer surgery. She returned in 1954 and won by a record twelve strokes in her final U.S. Women's Open.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071056-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 UCI Road World Championships\nThe 1953 UCI Road World Championships took place in Lugano, Switzerland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071057-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 UCI Road World Championships \u2013 Men's road race\nThe men's road race at the 1953 UCI Road World Championships was the 20th edition of the event. The race took place on Sunday 30 August 1953 in Lugano, Switzerland. The race was won by Fausto Coppi of Italy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071058-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 UCI Track Cycling World Championships\nThe 1953 UCI Track Cycling World Championships were the World Championship for track cycling. They took place in Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland from 21 to 26 August 1953. Five events for men were contested, 3 for professionals and 2 for amateurs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071059-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 UCLA Bruins football team\nThe 1953 UCLA Bruins football team represented the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) in the 1953 college football season. They played their home games at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum and were coached by Red Sanders. It was Sanders' fifth season as the UCLA head coach. The team completed the season with an 8\u20132 record and was the Pacific Coast Conference champion. They played in the 1954 Rose Bowl and were defeated by eighth-ranked Michigan State, 28\u201320. The Bruins finished ranked fourth in the Coaches Poll and fifth in the AP Poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071059-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 UCLA Bruins football team, Previous season\nThe Bruins finished the 1952 season in second place in the Pacific Coast Conference with a record of 8\u20131. They were ranked in sixth place in both AP and UPI final polls.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 47], "content_span": [48, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071059-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 UCLA Bruins football team, Game summaries, USC\nBy winning this game, the Bruins were the PCC Champions and received the Rose Bowl bid. California assisted with a 21\u201321 tie with Stanford. Bob Heydenfeldt and Paul Cameron scored in the second and fourth quarter respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 51], "content_span": [52, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071059-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 UCLA Bruins football team, Game summaries, Michigan State (Rose Bowl)\nThis was the first meeting between the two schools. It was the first Rose Bowl appearance for the Spartans. They had previously only played in the 1938 Orange Bowl. It was the third bowl appearance for the Bruins. The weather was sunny. The Spartans wore their green home jerseys and the Bruins wore their white road jerseys.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 74], "content_span": [75, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071059-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 UCLA Bruins football team, Game summaries, Michigan State (Rose Bowl)\nThe Spartans fumbled twice in the first half, which allowed the Bruins the first two scores. Michigan State had only one completed pass and 56 yards in the first half. The Spartans scored a touchdown with 4:45 remaining in the first half.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 74], "content_span": [75, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071059-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 UCLA Bruins football team, Game summaries, Michigan State (Rose Bowl)\nVictor Postula knocked down four Bruin passes. Coach Biggie Munn instituted a \"split line offense\" against the Bruins.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 74], "content_span": [75, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071059-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 UCLA Bruins football team, Game summaries, Michigan State (Rose Bowl)\nThe Spartans assembled two long drives in the third quarter to pull ahead 21\u2013-14. The Bruins recovered another Spartan fumble and scored to make the score 21\u201320. But the extra point kick failed. Billy Wells of Michigan State returned a punt 62 yards for a touchdown with 4:51 left in the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 74], "content_span": [75, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071060-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year\nThe 1953 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year was the 28th year of greyhound racing in the United Kingdom and Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071060-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Summary\nThe annual totalisator was \u00a361,522,849 which constituted a solid year  but the stars were Spanish Battleship, in Ireland and Magourna Reject, in the United Kingdom.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071060-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Competitions\nThere was a surprise in store during the first major event of the year when 1951 Scurry Gold Cup runner up Mushera Silver won the Gold Collar, at 13-2 beating Monachdy Girlie by two lengths. The Scottish Greyhound Derby was cancelled for the second successive year due to insufficient entries  but the Welsh Greyhound Derby received a high standard of entry. Glittering Look made amends for his unlucky Derby performance beating fellow Derby finalists Small Town, Galtee Cleo in addition to Endless Gossip and Ollys Pal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 574]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071060-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Competitions\nA competition called the London Tracks Coursing Cup (confined to London track greyhounds) was held near Cambridge and was won by Must Venture trained by Bill Cowell at Wandsworth Stadium. It was an unusual competition because it was becoming increasingly rare for track greyhounds to take part in coursing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071060-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Competitions\nPaddys Dinner who had finished lame in the 1952 English Greyhound Derby reached the Scurry final in July but lost out to Rolling Mike while Daws Dancer made a final appearance for Paddy McEvoy in the Laurels final, before being sold to Wimbledon Stadium Ltd and leased to W J Cearns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071060-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Competitions\nAt Wembley, 30,000 people turned up to watch the final of the St Leger, a race that was also seen by several million on television. Defending champion Funny Worker now with Jack Harvey was not expected to beat Magourna Reject but the latter had failed in the classics during 1952. Magourna Reject, now trained by Tom Reilly, had won the Key at Wimbledon, the Stewards Cup at Gloucester and the Wood Lane Stakes at White City before lining up for the St Leger final. His supporters were rewarded as he easily won by five lengths, Funny Worker finished last.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 610]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071060-0005-0001", "contents": "1953 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Competitions\nMagourna Reject then defeated his rivals in the Cesarewitch final winning by three and a half lengths from Oaks champion Lizette, his time of 33.24sec being the fastest ever for the distance at West Ham Stadium. Magourna Reject had finished 1953 as double classic champion and was voted Greyhound of the Year by a press panel on behalf of the British Greyhound Breeders and Owners Association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071060-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, News\nAfter a misunderstanding, a greyhound called Captain Jock trained by Frank Conlon ran unplaced in an open race at Stamford Bridge in the afternoon and then ran again in the evening at Clapton Stadium without success. It was a regular practice for greyhounds to race early in a racecard to qualify for a final later but very unusual to have to travel to two tracks in the same day. Noreen Collin relinquished her post at the Walthamstow Stadium kennels and was replaced by Tom 'Paddy' Reilly; the kennels included the great Magourna Reject.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 45], "content_span": [46, 585]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071060-0007-0000", "contents": "1953 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, News\nScotland Yard detective Stan Baker published a book called Greyhound Racing with the lid off. It listed 29 stimulants and depressants that are suspected of being used by doping gangs in greyhound racing. The National Greyhound Racing Club (NGRC) are tasked with finding the doping gangs that target tracks running under the NGRC banner and on the independent circuit, two men were jailed for 30 days in Dunfermline for attempting to run a ringer at Crossgates Greyhound Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 45], "content_span": [46, 524]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071060-0008-0000", "contents": "1953 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, News\nEndless Gossip retired after finishing his career with a Select Stakes win at Wembley beating Magourna Reject and Galtee Cleo and a Wimbledon Champion Stakes win in October, which he again won from Magourna Reject with Galtee Cleo third, and brought his winnings to more than \u00a35,000. He won a prize in the show ring at Cruft's and was sold to an American breeder to stand at stud in the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 45], "content_span": [46, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071060-0009-0000", "contents": "1953 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Ireland\nTim O'Connor had taken charge of the litter in Ireland, sired by Spanish Chestnut, the half-brother of Irish Greyhound Derby champion Spanish Lad. One of the litter Spanish Battleship was entered for the St Leger at Limerick but after winning a heat he failed to progress from the second round. O'Connor believed that he had gone well enough and phoned Tom Lynch in Dublin and asked him to train the dog for the 1953 Irish Greyhound Derby.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071060-0009-0001", "contents": "1953 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Ireland\nHe duly won the Derby and then took part in three competitions; the Laurels, the McCalmont Cup and McAlinden Cup and won every single qualifier, nine races in all but on all three occasions did not win the final. The Laurels had been won by Templenoe Rebel, who then made his way to be trained in England as did McAlinden winner Rose of Meath, sold to Arsenal and Scotland footballer Alex Forbes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071061-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 UMass Redmen football team\nThe 1953 UMass Redmen football team represented the University of Massachusetts Amherst in the 1953 college football season as a member of the Yankee Conference. The team was coached by Charlie O'Rourke and played its home games at Alumni Field in Amherst, Massachusetts. UMass finished the season with a record of 1\u20137 overall and 0\u20133 in conference play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071062-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 USC Trojans football team\nThe 1953 USC Trojans football team represented the University of Southern California (USC) in the 1953 college football season. In their third year under head coach Jess Hill, the Trojans compiled a 6\u20133\u20131 record (4\u20132\u20131 against conference opponents), finished in third place in the Pacific Coast Conference, and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 199 to 161. The team's home attendance of 413,617 in six games was the highest in the country during the 1953 season. The total attendance of 561,389 in 10 games was the second highest in the nation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 590]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071062-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 USC Trojans football team\nGeorge Bozanic led the team in passing yardage with 15 of 34 passes completed for 278 yards, four touchdowns and one interception. Aramis Dandoy led the team in rushing with 113 carries for 578 yards and six touchdowns. Tom Nickoloff was the leading receiver with 16 catches for 214 yards and two touchdowns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071062-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 USC Trojans football team\nThree Trojans received honors from the Associated Press (AP), the United Press (UP), or Tide Water (TW) on the 1953 All-Pacific Coast Conference football team: back Aramis Dandoy (AP-1); tackle Mario Da Re (TW); and guard George Timberlake (AP-1; UP-1; TW).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071062-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 USC Trojans football team, Players\nThe following players were members of the 1953 USC football team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071063-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 United Nations Secretary-General selection\nA United Nations Secretary-General selection was held in 1953 after Trygve Lie announced his intention to resign. Lie had been at odds with the Soviet Union since the outbreak of the Korean War, and the negotiations for an armistice offered the opportunity for a new Secretary-General to turn the page. The British delegation dragged out the selection process as they campaigned for Lester Pearson of Canada, but he was vetoed by the Soviet Union. Other candidates fell short of a majority in the Security Council. After two weeks of deadlock, France proposed Dag Hammarskj\u00f6ld of Sweden as a dark horse candidate. Hammarskj\u00f6ld was acceptable to both superpowers and was selected Secretary-General for a 5-year term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 763]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071063-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 United Nations Secretary-General selection\nHammarskj\u00f6ld subsequently ran unopposed for re-selection in 1957 and was unanimously appointed to a second term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071063-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 United Nations Secretary-General selection, Background\nThe Secretary-General of the United Nations is appointed by the General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council. When the United Nations met in 1946, it was agreed that the Security Council would select one candidate for the General Assembly's approval. The United States had backed Lester Pearson of Canada, while the Soviet Union supported Stanoje Simic of Yugoslavia. Since neither superpower would accept the other's candidate, they compromised on Trygve Lie of Norway, who became the first Secretary-General of the United Nations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 59], "content_span": [60, 610]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071063-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 United Nations Secretary-General selection, Background\nIn the late 1940s, international tensions affected the workings of the United Nations. Norway joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization in 1949, placing the post of Secretary-General in the hands of a country that was aligned with one side in the Cold War. Lie took the United Nations into the Korean War in 1950, leading the Soviet Union to veto his re-selection in 1950. The United States then announced that it would veto every other candidate. With the Security Council unable to break the Soviet-American veto duel, the General Assembly extended Lie's term to 1954. The Soviet Union subsequently treated Lie as an illegitimate office-holder, addressing all communications to \"The Secretariat\" rather than the Secretary-General.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 59], "content_span": [60, 796]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071063-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 United Nations Secretary-General selection, Background\nOn 10 November 1952, Lie announced his resignation, declaring in a speech to the General Assembly, \"I am quite sure that this is the time to leave without damage to the UN.\" The Korean War had reached a stalemate, and armistice talks had begun. Lie felt that his successor \"may be more helpful than I can be\" in concluding the armistice. However, if a successor could not be found, Lie was willing to serve out the rest of his term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 59], "content_span": [60, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071063-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 United Nations Secretary-General selection, Background\nAt the time of Lie's resignation, all five permanent members were represented by their foreign ministers in New York. Nationalist China held the rotating Presidency of the Security Council, but the Soviet Union had a policy of boycotting informal meetings where Nationalist China was present. Although U.S. Secretary of State Dean Acheson agreed with Soviet Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko that informal consultations should be held, Acheson declined to take the initiative to avoid usurping Nationalist China's role.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 59], "content_span": [60, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071063-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 United Nations Secretary-General selection, Campaign\nLester B. Pearson of Canada had been a leading contender for Secretary-General in 1946, and the United Kingdom launched an intense campaign on his behalf. British ambassador Gladwyn Jebb declared to Dean Acheson that the United Kingdom would veto anyone except Pearson or Erik Boheman of Sweden. France also regarded Pearson as their first choice. The British delegation had instructions from London to delay the selection until February 1953, when the General Assembly would reconvene after its holiday recess.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 57], "content_span": [58, 569]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071063-0007-0000", "contents": "1953 United Nations Secretary-General selection, Campaign\nOn 20 January 1953, Dwight Eisenhower succeeded Harry S. Truman as President of the United States, with John Foster Dulles as his Secretary of State. The United States offered to vote for Pearson if the British would vote for an American candidate in case of a Soviet veto. The Canadians were \"upset\" that the British were throwing around Pearson's name so casually, and the Canadian delegation respected Pearson's wishes by not campaigning for him. Pearson was the heir-apparent to be Prime Minister of Canada, but he had a deep interest in the United Nations and very much wanted the job.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 57], "content_span": [58, 648]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071063-0008-0000", "contents": "1953 United Nations Secretary-General selection, Campaign\nCarlos P. Romulo of the Philippines was the leading candidate from Asia. Although the United States supported Romulo, it did not conduct a vigorous campaign on his behalf.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 57], "content_span": [58, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071063-0009-0000", "contents": "1953 United Nations Secretary-General selection, Campaign\nNasrollah Entezam of Iran was the leading candidate from the Middle East. France considered Entezam to be their second choice after Lester Pearson. The Soviet Union also selected Entezam as their second choice, after Stanis\u0142aw Skrzeszewski of Poland. British ambassador Gladwyn Jebb admitted that he was a capable candidate, but he repeatedly announced that the United Kingdom would veto Entezam. British opposition to Entezam was motivated by Iran's nationalization of the Anglo-Persian Oil Company in 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 57], "content_span": [58, 566]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071063-0010-0000", "contents": "1953 United Nations Secretary-General selection, Campaign\nThe United States approached the Swedish government to determine if Erik Boheman was willing to run for Secretary-General, since the British had threatened to veto anyone except Pearson or Boheman. However, Boheman declined and stated that the Soviet Union probably would not accept him. Nevertheless, if Boheman was the only candidate to avoid a Soviet veto, then the Swedish government was willing to press him to reconsider.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 57], "content_span": [58, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071063-0011-0000", "contents": "1953 United Nations Secretary-General selection, Voting\nOn 2 March 1953, Gladwyn Jebb announced that he would be calling a meeting of the Security Council the following week. Jebb claimed that Pearson was the only candidate who could win the necessary 7 votes in the Security Council. U.S. Ambassador Henry Cabot Lodge warned Jebb about calling for a vote on Pearson only to be vetoed. However, Jebb felt that Pearson might win on the second round if the other candidates were also vetoed. The Soviet delegation had hinted that they might accept Pearson if there were no other choice.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 55], "content_span": [56, 584]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071063-0012-0000", "contents": "1953 United Nations Secretary-General selection, Voting\nSoviet Premier Joseph Stalin died on 5 March 1953. Soviet Foreign Minister Andrey Vyshinsky left New York for Moscow, but the selection process continued. On 12 March 1953, France, the United Kingdom, and the United States met to discuss their tactics for the upcoming meeting of the Security Council. The United States expressed its support for Romulo. However, French ambassador Henri Hoppenot objected to Romulo because of his unfavorable attitude towards the French colonial empire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 55], "content_span": [56, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071063-0013-0000", "contents": "1953 United Nations Secretary-General selection, Voting, First round\nOn 13 March 1953, the Security Council met and voted successively on three candidates. First, Carlos P. Romulo fell short with a vote of 5-2-4. The Soviet Union and France both voted against Romulo, while the United Kingdom, Chile, Denmark, and Pakistan abstained. Next, Stanis\u0142aw Skrzeszewski was rejected with a vote of 1-3-7. The Soviet Union was the only vote in favor, while France, the United Kingdom, and the United States all voted against. Finally, Lester Pearson won a favorable vote of 9-1-1. However, the Soviet Union vetoed Pearson, and Lebanon abstained.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 68], "content_span": [69, 637]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071063-0014-0000", "contents": "1953 United Nations Secretary-General selection, Voting, First round\nThe United States had supported Romulo because of its close ties with the Philippines, which had only become independent from the United States in 1946. Romulo claimed that he would be elected if the Soviet Union were forced to choose between him and Lie, but Dulles was noncommittal. U.S. failure to advance Romulo's candidacy was criticized by Filipino newspapers, which accused the United States of \"snubbing\" and \"double crossing\" their candidate. However, Romulo's failure to win 7 votes and his veto by France made it unlikely that he could win, even if the Soviets agreed to withdraw their veto.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 68], "content_span": [69, 671]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071063-0015-0000", "contents": "1953 United Nations Secretary-General selection, Voting, Second round\nOn 17 March 1953, the Soviet Union suggested Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit and Benegal Rama Rau of India for the Secretary-Generalship. The nomination of two Indians was calculated to force the Western powers to cast an embarrassing vote against an Asian. However, this became unnecessary when Nationalist China informed the United States that it would veto both candidates, as India recognized Communist China.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 69], "content_span": [70, 473]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071063-0015-0001", "contents": "1953 United Nations Secretary-General selection, Voting, Second round\nThe U.S. State Department felt that it was \"very bad for the United Nations\" if an Indian became Secretary-General, since \"the problem facing the United Nations now is stopping Communist agression [sic?] and ... this can not be done with the passive resistance advocated by India.\" U.S. Ambassador Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. was instructed to abstain if possible but authorized to veto if necessary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 69], "content_span": [70, 464]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071063-0016-0000", "contents": "1953 United Nations Secretary-General selection, Voting, Second round\nThe permanent members engaged in consultations on 18 March 1953 and failed to agree on a candidate. However, 9 additional candidates were nominated in addition to the ones that had already been voted on.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 69], "content_span": [70, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071063-0017-0000", "contents": "1953 United Nations Secretary-General selection, Voting, Second round\nThe Security Council met again on 19 March 1953. Although the Soviet Union attempted to delay the vote, Pandit was rejected by a vote of 2-1-8. Lebanon and the Soviet Union voted for Pandit, Nationalist China voted against, and the Western powers all abstained. Zorin professed astonishment that the United Kingdom could abstain on a Commonwealth citizen. The Council then asked the permanent members to \"continue their consultations\" and adjourned.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 69], "content_span": [70, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071063-0018-0000", "contents": "1953 United Nations Secretary-General selection, Voting, Deadlock\nThe permanent members met for consultations on 23 March 1953 and failed to agree on a candidate. The list of candidates was reduced to six by removing Pandit and two candidates who declined their nominations. The Security Council met on 24 March 1953 and decided to wait for Soviet Ambassador Andrey Vyshinsky to arrive on the RMS Queen Mary. However, Vyshinsky declined to attend the next meeting of the Security Council on 27 March 1953, and the Council did not vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 65], "content_span": [66, 535]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071063-0019-0000", "contents": "1953 United Nations Secretary-General selection, Voting, Third round\nAn unexpected breakthrough occurred at a consultation of the permanent members on 30 March 1953. After the existing candidates were discussed and rejected, French Ambassador Henri Hoppenot suggested two new names: Dirk Stikker of the Netherlands and Dag Hammarskj\u00f6ld of Sweden. To the surprise of the Western powers, Valerian Zorin declared that the Soviet Union was prepared to vote for Hammarskj\u00f6ld.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 68], "content_span": [69, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071063-0020-0000", "contents": "1953 United Nations Secretary-General selection, Voting, Third round\nU.S. Ambassador Lodge said that he would not veto Hammarskj\u00f6ld but had to seek instructions from Washington. At the U.S. State Department, the nomination \"came as a complete surprise to everyone here and we started scrambling around to find out who Mr. Hammarskjold was and what his qualifications were.\" After consulting H. Freeman Matthews, former U.S. Ambassador to Sweden, the State Department authorized Lodge to vote for Hammarskj\u00f6ld. British Foreign Secretary Anthony Eden sent an urgent telegram to Washington, expressing strong support for Hammarskj\u00f6ld. Eden also asked the United States to \"take any appropriate action to induce the Chinese to abstain.\" A Nationalist Chinese veto was possible because Sweden recognized Communist China.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 68], "content_span": [69, 815]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071063-0021-0000", "contents": "1953 United Nations Secretary-General selection, Voting, Third round\nThe Security Council met that afternoon to vote. Hammarskj\u00f6ld was recommended by a vote of 10-0-1, with Nationalist China abstaining. Just before the meeting, Ambassador Lodge \"dragooned\" the Latin American delegates into voting for a man whom they had never heard of before. Hammarskj\u00f6ld was caught by surprise when his phone rang in Stockholm shortly after midnight on 1 April 1953. Upon being told that he had been named the Secretary-General of the United Nations, he replied, \"This April Fool's Day joke is in extremely bad taste.\" He finally believed the news after the third call. After consulting with the Swedish government, he cabled the President of the Security Council, \"I do not feel I can refuse the task imposed on me.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 68], "content_span": [69, 804]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071063-0022-0000", "contents": "1953 United Nations Secretary-General selection, Voting, Third round\nOn 7 April 1953, the General Assembly voted 57-1-1 to appoint Dag Hammarskj\u00f6ld Secretary-General of the United Nations for a 5-year term. The negative vote was from Nationalist China, and the abstention may have been a Latin American country. The Swedish ambassador speculated that tensions with Juan Per\u00f3n caused Argentina to abstain, but others felt that Uruguay abstained to protest the manner in which Hammarskj\u00f6ld had been rushed through the Security Council without consulting the non-permanent members. U.S. ambassador Lodge attempted to mollify the Latin American countries by explaining that the nomination had happened so fast that there had been no time to consult with them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 68], "content_span": [69, 755]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071063-0023-0000", "contents": "1953 United Nations Secretary-General selection, 1957 re-selection\nDag Hammarskj\u00f6ld ran unopposed for re-selection in 1957. Hammarskj\u00f6ld was recommended unanimously by the Security Council on the morning of 26 September 1957. The General Assembly voted unanimously that afternoon to appoint him for another 5-year term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 66], "content_span": [67, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071064-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 United States House of Representatives elections\nThere were eight special elections to the United States House of Representatives in 1953, during the 83rd United States Congress, giving Democrats two additional seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071065-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 United States Virgin Islands referendum\nA referendum on councils and treasury was held in the United States Virgin Islands on 30 April 1953. It was largely a repetition of the questions from the 1948 referendum. The passage of all four questions in this referendum resulted in the 1954 Organic Act which governs relations with the United States of America to this day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071065-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 United States Virgin Islands referendum, Results, Joint Parliament\nDo you favor the creation of a single Legislature for the Virgin Islands?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 71], "content_span": [72, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071065-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 United States Virgin Islands referendum, Results, Common Treasury\nDo you favor the creation of single treasury for the Virgin Islands?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 70], "content_span": [71, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071065-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 United States Virgin Islands referendum, Results, Popular Election of the Governor\nDo you favor the election of the Governor by the people of the Virgin Islands?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 87], "content_span": [88, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071065-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 United States Virgin Islands referendum, Results, Representative in US Congress\nDo you favor a Resident Commissioner from the Virgin Islands in the Congress of the United States?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 84], "content_span": [85, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071066-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 United States gubernatorial elections\nUnited States gubernatorial elections were held on 3 November 1953, in two states, New Jersey and Virginia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071067-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Uruguayan Primera Divisi\u00f3n, Overview\nIt was contested by 10 teams, and Pe\u00f1arol won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 41], "content_span": [42, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071068-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Utah Redskins football team\nThe 1953 Utah Redskins football team represented the University of Utah during the 1953 college football season. Utah played its first nationally televised game in the final game of the season in 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071068-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Utah Redskins football team\nNBC televised twelve games during the season, which makes the BYU\u2013Utah rivalry game played on Thanksgiving Day among the first nationally broadcast college football games. Utah\u00a0was 7\u20132, had clinched their third consecutive Skyline Conference title the previous week, and Brigham Young had won only twice. Utah was heavily favored to win the game, by up to 24\u00a0points. BYU played tough, though, and Utah prevailed by one\u00a0point, 33\u201332.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 465]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071068-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Utah Redskins football team, NFL draft\nFour Utah players were selected in the 1954 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071069-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Utah State Aggies football team\nThe 1953 Utah State Aggies football team was an American football team that represented Utah State University in the Skyline Conference during the 1953 college football season. In their third season under head coach John Roning, the Aggies compiled an 8\u20133 record (5\u20132 against Skyline opponents), placed second behind rival Utah in the Skyline Conference, and outscored all opponents by a total of 207 to 139.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071069-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Utah State Aggies football team\nOffensive lineman Dave Kragthorpe receive first-team all-conference honors. (Kragthorpe later served as head coach at Oregon State from 1985 to 1990.) Earl Lindley led the NCAA with 81 points scored. He remains the only Utah State player in school history to accomplish that feat. (Lindley later played on three Grey Cup championship teams in the Canadian Football League.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071070-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 VFA season\nThe 1953 Victorian Football Association season was the 72nd season of the Australian rules football competition. The premiership was won by the Port Melbourne Football Club, after it defeated Yarraville by 60 points in the Grand Final on 3 October. It was Port Melbourne's seventh VFA premiership, and it was the only premiership that the club won during a sequence of eight consecutive Grand Finals played from 1950 until 1957, and five consecutive minor premierships won from 1951 until 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 510]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071070-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 VFA season, Premiership\nThe home-and-home season was played over twenty matches, before the top four clubs contested a finals series under the Page\u2013McIntyre system to determine the premiers for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 28], "content_span": [29, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071070-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 VFA season, Notable events, Adelaide Carnival\nThe Association competed in the 1953 Adelaide Carnival, and finished in fourth place with a record of 1\u20133. Two Association players were named in the inaugural All-Australian team, which was named based on performances at the carnival: Frank Johnson and Ted Henrys.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 50], "content_span": [51, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071071-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 VFL Grand Final\nThe 1953 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Geelong Football Club and Collingwood Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on 26 September 1953. It was the 57th annual Grand Final of the Victorian Football League, staged to determine the premiers for the 1953 VFL season. The match, attended by 89,149 spectators, was won by Collingwood by 12 points, the club's 12th premiership victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071071-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 VFL Grand Final\nThis was the third successive Grand Final appearance for the Cats, who were attempting to win three successive flags after having defeated Essendon in the 1951 VFL Grand Final and Collingwood in the 1952 VFL Grand Final. Collingwood had not won a premiership since winning the 1936 VFL Grand Final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071071-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 VFL Grand Final\nIn round 14 of the 1953 season, Collingwood defeated Geelong to end their record 23 game winning streak (26 games unbeaten). Collingwood won again when the sides battled in the Semi Final, and in the Grand Final defeated Geelong for the third time in the year. Geelong had the better of the final quarter, but inaccuracy cost them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071071-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 VFL Grand Final\nCollingwood's full-back Jack Hamilton and Geelong's dual premiership player Russell Middlemiss missed the game through injury.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071071-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 VFL Grand Final, The game, 1st quarter\nThe game opened with the large crowd spilling out onto the oval forming a human boundary line, these people got to see a Collingwood side that were more determined to get to the ball first and run their Geelong opponents off their feet. A tight first term in which the Magpies didn't allow the Cats to play their usual dominant game. A few fiery incidents occurred but Umpire McMurray was soon on top of it.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 43], "content_span": [44, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071071-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 VFL Grand Final, The game, 2nd quarter\nThe 2nd quarter was a microcosm of the game, Geelong were wasteful in front of goal whereas the Collingwood with Batchelor and Rose were accurate. Three goals to one gave the Magpies a handy lead going into half time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 43], "content_span": [44, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071071-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 VFL Grand Final, The game, 3rd quarter\nCollingwood set up the win in the third by kicking 5 goals to 2. Geelong's ruckman Bill McMaster was carried from the field and the Cat's had to play Renfrey on the ball. This left a hole in the Geelong's attack that the Magpies exploited and resulted in coast to coast goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 43], "content_span": [44, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071071-0007-0000", "contents": "1953 VFL Grand Final, The game, Final quarter\nWith Collingwood slowing to a walk, Geelong challenged hard to make up the gap. Geelong peppered the goals but could only manage 1 goal from 8 attempts. Hovey who replaced McMaster had two chances from 20 metres and missed both. A goal against play by Bob Rose put the result out of reach of the Cats. Two late goals to Geelong were not enough to stop Collingwood winning their twelfth pennant.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 45], "content_span": [46, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071072-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 VFL Lightning Premiership\nThe 1953 VFL Lightning Premiership was an Australian rules football knockout competition played entirely on Tuesday, 2 June. It was played on the same day as Elizabeth II's Coronation between rounds 6 and 7 of the Victorian Football League's 1953 season with all games played at the MCG. This was the sixth time a lightning premiership had been contested in the VFL. It was contested by the 12 VFL teams who competed in the 1953 VFL season. A total of 36,715 people attended the competition. Richmond won its first Lighting Premiership competition defeating St Kilda in the final by 14 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 624]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071073-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 VFL season\nThe 1953 Victorian Football League season was the 57th season of the elite Australian rules football competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071073-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 VFL season, Premiership season\nIn 1953, the VFL competition consisted of twelve teams of 18 on-the-field players each, plus two substitute players, known as the 19th man and the 20th man. A player could be substituted for any reason; however, once substituted, a player could not return to the field of play under any circumstances.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 35], "content_span": [36, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071073-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 VFL season, Premiership season\nTeams played each other in a home-and-away season of 18 rounds; matches 12 to 18 were the \"home-and-way reverse\" of matches 1 to 7.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 35], "content_span": [36, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071073-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 VFL season, Premiership season\nOnce the 18 round home-and-away season had finished, the 1953 VFL Premiers were determined by the specific format and conventions of the Page\u2013McIntyre system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 35], "content_span": [36, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071074-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 VPI Gobblers football team\nThe 1953 VPI Gobblers football team represented the Virginia Polytechnic Institute in the 1953 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071074-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 VPI Gobblers football team, Players\nThe following players were members of the 1953 football team according to the roster published in the 1954 edition of The Bugle, the Virginia Tech yearbook.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 40], "content_span": [41, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071075-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Vanderbilt Commodores football team\nThe 1953 Vanderbilt Commodores football team represented Vanderbilt University during the 1953 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071076-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Venezuelan Primera Divisi\u00f3n season\nThe 1953 season of the Venezuelan Primera Divisi\u00f3n, the top category of Venezuelan football, was played by 6 teams. The national champions were Universidad Central.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071077-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Vermont Catamounts football team\nThe 1953 Vermont Catamounts football team was an American football team that represented  the University of Vermont in the Yankee Conference during the 1953 college football season. In their second year under head coach J. Edward Donnelly, the team compiled a 3\u20133\u20131 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071078-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Vicksburg, Mississippi tornado\nThe 1953 Vicksburg, Mississippi tornado was a deadly F5 tornado that struck Vicksburg, Mississippi on Saturday, December\u00a05, 1953. A total of 38 people were killed, 270 others were injured, and damages were estimated at $25 million (1953 USD) in damage. It remains the fifth-deadliest tornado to affect the U.S. state of Mississippi, behind the 1840\u00a0Great Natchez Tornado, the 1936\u00a0tornado in Tupelo, the 1971\u00a0tornado in Cary, and the 1966\u00a0tornado in Jackson. It is one of just four\u00a0F5 tornadoes recorded in Mississippi since 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 566]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071078-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Vicksburg, Mississippi tornado, Background\nOn December\u00a05, 1953, as a warm front retreated northward across Mississippi, temperatures in the warm sector rose steadily. By sunrise, temperatures were already in the low 50s \u00b0F\u2014ten\u00a0to fifteen\u00a0degrees above average\u2013despite overcast conditions. Just before noon CST (18:00\u00a0UTC), southeasterly winds were measured at 17\u00a0mph (27\u00a0km/h) in Vicksburg. Some hours later, the local dew point rose to nearly 70\u00a0\u00b0F (21\u00a0\u00b0C), along with a temperature of 72\u00a0\u00b0F (22\u00a0\u00b0C). Meanwhile, favorable wind shear arrived to promote the growth of severe thunderstorms, along with the conditions necessary for tornadogenesis. At 1:30\u00a0p.m. CST (19:30\u00a0UTC), the Severe Local Storms Unit of the United States Weather Bureau in Washington, D.C., released a severe weather bulletin indicating the likelihood of tornado-producing storms over portions of East Texas, southern Arkansas, northern Louisiana, and western Mississippi.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 947]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071078-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Vicksburg, Mississippi tornado, Tornado event\nThe destructive tornado may have first touched down over easternmost Madison Parish, Louisiana, crossed the Mississippi River, and felled trees on DeSoto Island. However, official records indicate that the tornado first developed over the Yazoo River in Warren County, Mississippi. As it entered Vicksburg, the tornado, which followed heavy rain, destroyed electrical services to the city, and it also initiated several fires. Buildings were \"shambles\" along four city blocks, and the downtown business district was adversely affected. Many automobiles were submerged by debris. 937\u00a0buildings were demolished or received damage, while nearly 1,300\u00a0people lost their homes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 50], "content_span": [51, 723]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071078-0002-0001", "contents": "1953 Vicksburg, Mississippi tornado, Tornado event\nA total of 12\u00a0blocks of the city's business district were affected by the tornado, and fires also burned cotton. In total, 270\u00a0people received injuries, and total damages approached $25 million. The tornado is officially estimated to have been an F5 tornado on the Fujita scale; however, the rating is questionable, since the tornado demolished frail structures. Tornado researcher Thomas P. Grazulis classified the tornado as an F4.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 50], "content_span": [51, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071078-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Vicksburg, Mississippi tornado, Aftermath and recovery\nThe tornado broke the city's gas line, which remained out of service after repairs. Residents were forced to go without cooked food even as temperatures dropped to 31\u00a0\u00b0F (\u22121\u00a0\u00b0C) overnight on December\u00a06. The tornado also disproved a persistent myth that its proximity to a river protected Vicksburg from tornadoes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 59], "content_span": [60, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071079-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Villanova Wildcats football team\nThe 1953 Villanova Wildcats football team represented the Villanova University during the 1953 college football season. The head coach was Art Raimo, coaching his third season with the Wildcats. The team played their home games at Villanova Stadium in Villanova, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071080-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Virginia Cavaliers football team\nThe 1953 Virginia Cavaliers football team represented the University of Virginia during the 1953 college football season. The Cavaliers were led by first-year head coach Ned McDonald and played their home games at Scott Stadium in Charlottesville, Virginia. This was the last season in which Virginia competed as an independent, as they would join the newly-formed Atlantic Coast Conference the following year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071081-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Virginia gubernatorial election\nIn the 1953 Virginia gubernatorial election, incumbent Governor John S. Battle, a Democrat, was unable to seek re-election due to term limits. Virginia State Senator Theodore Roosevelt Dalton was nominated by the Republican Party to run against former Democratic U.S. Representative Thomas B. Stanley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071082-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Volta a Catalunya\nThe 1953 Volta a Catalunya was the 33rd edition of the Volta a Catalunya cycle race and was held from 6 September to 13 September 1953. The race started in Montju\u00efc and finished in Barcelona. The race was won by Salvador Botella.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071083-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 WANFL season\nThe 1953 WANFL season was the 69th season of senior football in Perth, Western Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071084-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Waco tornado outbreak\nA deadly series of at least 33\u00a0tornadoes hit at least 10\u00a0different U.S. states on May\u00a09\u201311, 1953. Tornadoes appeared daily from Minnesota in the north to Texas in the south. The strongest and deadliest tornado was a powerful F5 tornado  that struck Waco, Texas on May\u00a011, causing 114\u00a0of the 144\u00a0deaths in the outbreak. Alongside the 1902 Goliad tornado, it was the deadliest tornado in Texas history and is the 11th deadliest tornado in U.S. history. The tornado's winds demolished more than 600\u00a0houses, 1,000\u00a0other structures, and over 2,000\u00a0vehicles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 579]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071084-0000-0001", "contents": "1953 Waco tornado outbreak\n597\u00a0injuries occurred, and many survivors had to wait more than 14\u00a0hours for rescue. The destruction dispelled a myth that the geography of the region spared Waco from tornadoes, and along with other deadly tornadoes in 1953, the Waco disaster was a catalyst for advances in understanding the link between tornadoes and radar-detected hook echoes. It also generated support for improved civil defense systems, the formation of weather radar networks, and improved communications between stakeholders such as meteorologists, local officials, and the public.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071084-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Waco tornado outbreak\nThe Waco tornado was not the only deadly and damaging tornado in the outbreak sequence. On the same day as the Waco disaster, a high-end F4 tornado struck the Texas city of San Angelo, causing catastrophic damage, killing 13\u00a0people, and injuring more than 150. The tornado swept away numerous homes and damaged a school, but students inside escaped serious injuries. On May\u00a09, a long-tracked F3 tornado destroyed a large swath of Hebron, Nebraska and killed five\u00a0people in the area.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071084-0001-0001", "contents": "1953 Waco tornado outbreak\nThe following day, May\u00a010, featured numerous, often long-tracked and intense tornado families across the states of Iowa, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. Two\u00a0families on nearly parallel paths traveled more than 100 miles (160\u00a0km) each and killed a combined total of six\u00a0people, mostly in Wisconsin. At least one\u00a0of the tornado families reached F4 intensity in Wisconsin. Two other F4 tornadoes also struck Iowa. Additionally, a relatively moderate tornado of F2 intensity caused significant loss of life in a shack in Minnesota, killing six\u00a0people. Although 33\u00a0tornadoes were officially registered from May\u00a09\u201311, others likely occurred but either went undetected or were not officially documented.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 717]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071084-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Waco tornado outbreak, Background\nAfter two days of intense tornado activity, May\u00a011, 1953, produced a rich, unstable air mass that moved northward over Texas from the Gulf of Mexico. As of 9:30\u00a0a.m. CST (15:30 UTC), thunderstorm activity from the overnight hours persisted, generating residual outflow boundaries. Already, anomalously warm surface temperatures reached the mid-70s \u00b0F as far north as a line stretching from Dallas to Austin. Dew points were correspondingly high as well, climbing into the lower 70s \u00b0F.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 524]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071084-0002-0001", "contents": "1953 Waco tornado outbreak, Background\nAs a dry line crossed the warm sector in the afternoon, a layer of cool surface temperatures left by the outflow boundaries locally enhanced low-level wind shear, acting as a mechanism to enable supercell and tornado formation. Winds backed along the outflow boundaries, perhaps aiding the formation of violent tornadoes. Due to conducive conditions for severe weather, the U.S. Weather Bureau (later the National Weather Service) Weather Forecast Office in New Orleans issued a tornado alert covering sections of Central and West Texas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071084-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Waco tornado outbreak, Daily statistics, Chester, Iowa/Wykoff\u2013St. Charles, Minnesota/Cochrane\u2013Catawba, Wisconsin\nThis destructive, violent, and extremely long-tracked tornado family likely contained at least five\u00a0distinct tornadoes, spawned by one supercell. The first tornado in the series, though officially unconfirmed, may have formed near Greene in Butler County, Iowa, causing significant destruction on a farmstead. Continuous damage resumed near Chester, severely affecting 11\u00a0farms south of the Minnesota\u2013Iowa border, with two\u00a0injuries in Iowa. The storm then crossed into southern Minnesota, killing one\u00a0person in a destroyed barn near Wykoff. Near Chatfield, the tornado carried a schoolhouse from its foundation, causing its disintegration. The tornado then hit a few cars halfway between Dover and St. Charles, one of which was carried 100 feet (30\u00a0m), injuring four\u00a0occupants and killing the fifth, a child.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 117], "content_span": [118, 926]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071084-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Waco tornado outbreak, Daily statistics, Chester, Iowa/Wykoff\u2013St. Charles, Minnesota/Cochrane\u2013Catawba, Wisconsin\nIn Minnesota, four\u00a0other people sustained injuries while inside a barn, and three\u00a0more injuries were in another automobile; in all, 17\u00a0injuries were confirmed in the state. Across Fillmore, Olmsted, and Winona counties in Minnesota, over 24\u00a0farms received widespread, often severe damage, including the destruction of most buildings in some cases. The tornado downed many power lines and utility poles as well, and there was widespread loss of livestock. Entering Whitewater State Park, the tornado splintered \"hundreds\" of trees, and buildings in the park were badly damaged. After destroying a steel bridge near Crystal Spring, the tornado apparently dissipated into straight-line winds, though Grazulis suggested that tornado damage may have continued to Cochrane, Wisconsin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 117], "content_span": [118, 896]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071084-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Waco tornado outbreak, Daily statistics, Chester, Iowa/Wykoff\u2013St. Charles, Minnesota/Cochrane\u2013Catawba, Wisconsin\nReports indicated that the storm crossed the Mississippi River into Wisconsin, where tornado activity definitely resumed northeast of Cochrane and ended near Brownville. As in Minnesota, damage was discontinuous, implying that two\u00a0or more tornadoes were involved. Between Cochrane and Brownsvulle, the tornado hit roughly 100\u00a0farms, at least 20\u00a0of which lost buildings, and produced high-end F3 damage to some homes. \"Hundreds\" of dead livestock littered the landscape. Beyond Brownsville, the tornado(es) likely weakened and reformed into two, perhaps three, others, starting with spotty damage near Gilman. A farmhouse was swept from its foundation, and fragments of the home were lofted for 7 miles (11\u00a0km). The tornado was reportedly exceptionally violent while southeast of Catawba, shortly before dissipation. Five\u00a0injuries occurred in Wisconsin, though the actual total may have been 12.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 117], "content_span": [118, 1012]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071084-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 Waco tornado outbreak, Daily statistics, Chester, Iowa/Wykoff\u2013St. Charles, Minnesota/Cochrane\u2013Catawba, Wisconsin\nMaximum damage intensity was F3 in Iowa and Minnesota and F4 in Wisconsin. The swath of damage between St. Charles and Whitewater State Park, Minnesota, across Olmsted and Winona counties, may have been from a separate thunderstorm, as Grazulis does not count it as part of the same tornado family.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 117], "content_span": [118, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071084-0007-0000", "contents": "1953 Waco tornado outbreak, Daily statistics, River Falls\u2013Amery\u2013Minong, Wisconsin\nThis was the second of two long-tracked tornado families in Wisconsin on May\u00a010. It first formed on the outskirts of River Falls and tracked to the north-northeast. Here, the tornado demolished a summer house, which collapsed onto occupants, injuring four\u00a0who had been picnicking but had sought safety during the storm. Initially, multiple tornadoes were likely present, as damage was discontinuous until the tornado(es) passed east of New Richmond. At that point, a continuous swath of significant damage began and continued to near Amery.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 81], "content_span": [82, 622]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071084-0007-0001", "contents": "1953 Waco tornado outbreak, Daily statistics, River Falls\u2013Amery\u2013Minong, Wisconsin\nThe first fatality, an elderly female, occurred in St. Croix County when her home was leveled, injuring three\u00a0other people inside. Farther on, in Polk County, two\u00a0additional deaths took place: one from flying debris, another in a destroyed barn. In Burnett County, the tornado felled a tree, which hit a dairy building, causing a final death. Beyond Amery, scattered, poorly documented destruction occurred for the remainder of the path. A separate tornado likely formed near Minong and dissipated near Gordon, destroying cabins and other small residences. Six\u00a0injuries occurred across Washburn and Douglas counties, one of which was severe.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 81], "content_span": [82, 723]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071084-0007-0002", "contents": "1953 Waco tornado outbreak, Daily statistics, River Falls\u2013Amery\u2013Minong, Wisconsin\nThere were 11\u00a0injuries near Amery and 27\u00a0along the entire path. Reports from local staff of the American Red Cross indicated that the tornado family destroyed or damaged 113\u00a0homes and affected 215\u00a0other structures. Collapsing barns killed livestock inside, though the precise number was undetermined. Numerous trees were downed along the path, and utilities were disrupted. The tornado(es) mostly impacted sparsely populated areas. While officially rated F2, the tornado was assigned an F4 rating by Grazulis, based on damage to homes near Amery.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 81], "content_span": [82, 628]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071084-0008-0000", "contents": "1953 Waco tornado outbreak, Daily statistics, Waco, Texas\nAccording to an old legend\u2014attributed without corroboration to the Huaco, a local Native American tribe\u2014tornadoes, or at least severe ones, could not touch down in Waco, a city located in a geological depression. Supposedly due to the bluffs around the Brazos River, tornadoes and other severe weather were relatively rare and mild in the city. The 1953 storm, however, disproved the myth when it tracked directly through downtown Waco as an F5 tornado. The tornado first formed around 4:10\u00a0p.m. CST (22:10\u00a0UTC) about 3 miles (5\u00a0km) north-northwest of the Lorena community.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 57], "content_span": [58, 631]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071084-0008-0001", "contents": "1953 Waco tornado outbreak, Daily statistics, Waco, Texas\nIt quickly began damaging structures, destroying a home near Lorena as it tracked north-northeastward. As it neared Waco, operators of weather radar at Texas A&M University detected a hook echo in association with the parent supercell. This was one of the first times that radar linked tornadogenesis with hook-echo signatures. However, because heavy rain obscured the tornado, it was largely invisible to people in its path. The high-precipitation nature of the parent storm may have heightened the death toll in Waco by delaying appropriate action. The storm also generated baseball-sized hail in its path. The tornado passed close to Hewitt before entering downtown Waco.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 57], "content_span": [58, 732]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071084-0009-0000", "contents": "1953 Waco tornado outbreak, Daily statistics, Waco, Texas\nAs the thunderstorm began pounding the city with rain, many people on the streets crowded into local buildings for shelter, yet few of the buildings in downtown Waco were constructed sturdily enough to withstand the winds, so they collapsed almost immediately. 30\u00a0people died in the R. T. Dennis building alone. Newer buildings with steel reinforcement, including the 22-story Amicable office building (now called the ALICO Building), weathered the storm. The Dr Pepper bottling plant, today the Dr Pepper Museum, also remained standing but sustained damage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 57], "content_span": [58, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071084-0009-0001", "contents": "1953 Waco tornado outbreak, Daily statistics, Waco, Texas\nBricks from the collapsed structures piled up in the street to a depth of 5\u00a0ft (1.5\u00a0m). Some survivors were trapped under rubble for 14\u00a0or more hours; numerous bodies remained buried beneath piles of rubble and for many days were unaccounted for. After devastating downtown Waco, the tornado continued to the north-northeast and dissipated about 5 miles (8\u00a0km) west of Axtell. While the tornado destroyed homes outside the city, media largely focused on destruction in downtown Waco.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 57], "content_span": [58, 541]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071084-0010-0000", "contents": "1953 Waco tornado outbreak, Daily statistics, Waco, Texas\nIn all, 114\u00a0deaths occurred in the Waco area, with 597\u00a0injured and over $41\u00a0million (1953 USD) in property damage. The tornado destroyed 196\u00a0businesses and factories. 150\u00a0homes were wrecked. Over 2,000\u00a0cars sustained at least some damage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 57], "content_span": [58, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071084-0011-0000", "contents": "1953 Waco tornado outbreak, Aftermath and records\nFollowing the Waco tornado, attempts to organize disaster relief were stymied by poor organization. Local residents had not expected the tornado and had assumed that the area's geography safeguarded Waco from tornadoes. Initially, the tornado also severed communications between downtown Waco and outlying areas, so assistance was slow to arrive. The chaotic relief efforts eventually spurred greater coordination between civilians and local governments, leading to the development of civil defense. Notably, the Waco event was one of the first instances that proved the effectiveness of radar in tracking tornadogenesis; coincidentally, another such case occurred later in the same year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 49], "content_span": [50, 738]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071084-0011-0001", "contents": "1953 Waco tornado outbreak, Aftermath and records\nPosthumous study of the tornado that struck Worcester, Massachusetts, on June\u00a09 revealed that, as at Waco, local radar detected the hook echo that signified the tornado. Researchers concluded that improved communications, coupled with the formation of radar coverage, could lead to accurate tornado warnings, thereby reducing loss of life in future storms. This task proved especially important following the devastating loss of life at Waco and Worcester, along with the June\u00a08 catastrophe at Flint, Michigan, in the same year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 49], "content_span": [50, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071084-0011-0002", "contents": "1953 Waco tornado outbreak, Aftermath and records\nThe state of Texas supported the implementation of 20\u00a0radar facilities, each with a 200-mile-wide (320\u00a0km) radius, that proved successful in reducing death tolls in later tornadoes. The system was known as the Texas Radar Tornado Warning Network and also included communications between weather officials, storm spotters, and local officials. Thus the Waco tornado helped catalyze development of a nationwide severe weather warning system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 49], "content_span": [50, 489]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071084-0012-0000", "contents": "1953 Waco tornado outbreak, Aftermath and records\nThe storm also intersected with the long legacy of racism against black residents of Waco. After the disaster, some people in the local African-American community saw the tornado as divine retribution for the lynching of Jesse Washington over thirty years prior.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 49], "content_span": [50, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071084-0013-0000", "contents": "1953 Waco tornado outbreak, Aftermath and records\nThe Waco tornado remains the eleventh deadliest tornado on record in the United States and is tied with the 1902 Goliad tornado as the deadliest in Texas history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 49], "content_span": [50, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071085-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Wakayama flood\nThe 1953 Wakayama flood (Japanese: \u7d00\u5dde\u5927\u6c34\u5bb3 / \u5357\u7d00\u8c6a\u96e8) was caused by heavy rain that resulted in landslides and flooding in the Kii Peninsula, Wakayama Prefecture in Japan in July 1953. Collapse of the dikes occurred along many rivers, which caused flooding. It resulted in the deaths of 713 people and 411 people went missing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071086-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team\nThe 1953 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team was an American football team that represented Wake Forest University during the 1953 college football season. In their third season under head coach Tom Rogers, the Demon Deacons compiled a 3\u20136\u20131 record and finished in a three-way tie for third place in the Atlantic Coast Conference with a 2\u20133 record against conference opponents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071087-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Walker Cup\nThe 1953 Walker Cup, the 14th Walker Cup Match, was played on September 4 and 5, 1953, at the Kittansett Club, Marion, Massachusetts. The United States won by 9 matches to 3.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071087-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Walker Cup, Format\nFour 36-hole matches of foursomes were played on Friday and eight singles matches on Saturday. Each of the 12 matches was worth one point in the larger team competition. If a match was all square after the 36th hole extra holes were not played. The team with most points won the competition. If the two teams were tied, the previous winner would retain the trophy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 23], "content_span": [24, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071087-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Walker Cup, Teams\nTen players for the United States and Great Britain & Ireland participated in the event. Great Britain & Ireland had a playing captain, while the United States had a non-playing captain. Tony Duncan, the Great Britain and Ireland playing captain, did not select himself for any of the matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 22], "content_span": [23, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071088-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Washington Huskies football team\nThe 1953 Washington Huskies football team was an American football team that represented the University of Washington during the 1953 college football season. In its first season under head coach John Cherberg, the team compiled a 3\u20136\u20131 record, finished in seventh place in the Pacific Coast Conference, and outscored its opponents by a combined total of 217 to 154. Vern Lindskog was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071088-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Washington Huskies football team, NFL Draft selections\nFour University of Washington Huskies were selected in the 1954 NFL Draft, which lasted thirty rounds with 360 selections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 59], "content_span": [60, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071089-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Washington Redskins season\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by 173.89.146.229 (talk) at 23:33, 10 September 2020 (\u2192\u200eSchedule). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071089-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Washington Redskins season\nThe 1953 Washington Redskins season was the franchise's 22nd season in the National Football League (NFL) and their 16th in Washington, D.C.. The team improved on their 4\u20138 record from 1952 and finished 6-5-1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071089-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Washington Redskins season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 42], "content_span": [43, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071090-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Washington Senators season\nThe 1953 Washington Senators won 76 games, lost 76, and finished in fifth place in the American League. They were managed by Bucky Harris and played home games at Griffith Stadium. This was their last winning season until 1962.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071090-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 76], "content_span": [77, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071090-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 69], "content_span": [70, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071090-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 74], "content_span": [75, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071090-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071090-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 72], "content_span": [73, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071091-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Washington State Cougars football team\nThe 1953 Washington State Cougars football team was an American football team that represented Washington State College during the 1953 college football season. Led by second-year head coach Al Kircher, the team was 4\u20136 overall and 3\u20134 in the Pacific Coast Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071091-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Washington State Cougars football team\nTwo home games were played on campus in Pullman at Rogers Field, and one in Spokane in November. A\u00a0road game was played nearby, against Palouse neighbor Idaho in Moscow, extending WSC's unbeaten streak over the Vandals to 27\u00a0games. The Cougars defeated rival Washington by five points in\u00a0Seattle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071091-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Washington State Cougars football team, NFL Draft\nFour Cougars were selected in the 1954 NFL Draft, which was thirty rounds (360 selections).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 54], "content_span": [55, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071092-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1953 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship was the 53rd staging of the Waterford Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Waterford County Board in 1897.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071092-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship\nOn 11 October 1953, Mount Sion won the championship after a 7-11 to 1-01 defeat of Tourin in the final. This was their 9th championship title overall and their first title since 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071093-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Waverley state by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Waverley on 31 October 1953 because of the death of Clarrie Martin (Labor).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071094-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Wellington City mayoral election\nThe 1953 Wellington City mayoral election was part of the New Zealand local elections held that same year. In 1953, elections were held for the Mayor of Wellington plus other local government positions including fifteen city councillors. The polling was conducted using the standard first-past-the-post electoral method.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071094-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Wellington City mayoral election, Campaign\nThe mayoral contest was essentially a rematch from three years previously with incumbent mayor Robert Macalister opposed by councillor Frank Kitts of the Labour Party. A third candidate, Julius Hyde, stood as an independent campaigning on his opposition to the construction of an international airport in Wellington.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 47], "content_span": [48, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071094-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Wellington City mayoral election, Campaign\nA major talking point in the lead up to the election was the potential of a clash with the 1953 Royal Tour. There were proposals to postpone local elections until early 1954 over fears of reduced turnout due to a conflicted schedule. The proposals were considered by the Minister of Internal Affairs William Bodkin, who ultimately decided against it.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 47], "content_span": [48, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071095-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 West German federal election\nFederal elections were held in West Germany on 6 September 1953 to elect the members of the second Bundestag. The Christian Democratic Union emerged as the largest party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071095-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 West German federal election\nThis election was the last before Saarland joined West Germany in 1957. It had been a separate entity, Saar protectorate, under French control since 1946.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071095-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 West German federal election, Campaign\nFederal Chancellor Adenauer (who was also the Christian Democratic leader) campaigned on his policies of economic reconstruction and growth, moderate conservatism or Christian democracy, and close relations with the United States. The new Social Democratic leader \u2013 Kurt Schumacher had died in 1952 \u2013 was Erich Ollenhauer, who was more moderate in his policies than Schumacher had been. He did not oppose, in principle, the United States' military presence in Western Europe. In fact, he later \u2013 in 1957 \u2013 supported a military alliance of most European countries, including Germany. Adenauer managed to convince clearly more West German voters of his leadership abilities and economic and political success to easily win a second term, although he had to form a coalition government with the Free Democrats and the conservative German Party to gain a majority in the Bundestag.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 921]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071095-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 West German federal election, Aftermath\nKonrad Adenauer remained Chancellor, governing in a broad coalition (two-thirds majority) with most of the minor parties except for the SPD and Centre Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 44], "content_span": [45, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071096-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 West Virginia Mountaineers football team\nThe 1953 West Virginia Mountaineers football team completed the regular season with an 8\u20131 record and traveled to the Sugar Bowl, where they lost to the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets, 42\u201319.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071097-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Western Australian state election\nElections were held in the state of Western Australia on 14 February 1953 to elect all 50 members to the Legislative Assembly. The two-term Liberal-Country Party coalition government, led by Premier Sir Ross McLarty, was defeated by the Labor Party, led by Opposition Leader Albert Hawke.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071097-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Western Australian state election\nThe election was notable in that 22 of the 50 seats were not contested at the election. Only two other elections\u2014those held in 1890 and 1894\u2014had a greater percentage or number of uncontested seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071097-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Western Australian state election, Results\nWestern Australian state election, 14 February 1953Legislative Assembly << 1950\u20131956 >>", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 47], "content_span": [48, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071098-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Western Michigan Broncos football team\nThe 1953 Western Michigan Broncos football team represented Western Michigan College of Education (later renamed Western Michigan University) in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1953 college football season. In their first season under head coach Jack Petoskey, the Broncos compiled a 1\u20136\u20131 record (0\u20134\u20131 against MAC opponents), finished in sixth place in the MAC, and were outscored by their opponents, 238 to 66. The team played its home games at Waldo Stadium in Kalamazoo, Michigan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071098-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Western Michigan Broncos football team\nGuard Floyd Stollsteimer was the team captain. Offensive tackle Leslie Koster received the team's most outstanding player award.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071098-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Western Michigan Broncos football team\nIn December 1952, assistant coach Jack Petoskey was appointed as the team's new head coach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071099-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Western Reserve Red Cats football team\nThe 1953 Western Reserve Red Cats football team represented the Western Reserve University in the American city of Cleveland, Ohio, now known as Case Western Reserve University, during the 1953 college football season. The Red Cats were a member of the Mid-American Conference (MAC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071099-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Western Reserve Red Cats football team\nThe team was coached by Edward L. Finnigan and assisted by Wes Stevens. A notable player was captain fullback Gordon McCarter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071099-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Western Reserve Red Cats football team\nThe final Thanksgiving Day rivalry game against Case Tech was played this season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071100-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Wichita Shockers football team\nThe 1953 Wichita Shockers football team, sometimes known as the Wheatshockers, was an American football team that represented Wichita  University (now known as Wichita State University) as a member of the Missouri Valley Conference during the 1953 college football season. In its first season under head coach Jack Mitchell, the team compiled a 4\u20134\u20131 record (1\u20132 against conference opponents), tied for third place out of five teams in the MVC, and outscored opponents by a total of 172 to 110. The team played its home games at Veterans Field, now known as Cessna Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071101-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Wightman Cup\nThe 1953 Wightman Cup was the 25th edition of the annual women's team tennis competition between the United States and Great Britain. It was held from August 1 through August 3, 1953, at the Westchester Country Club in Rye, New York, in the United States and played on outdoor grass courts. Colonel Duncan Macaulay was captain of the British team while Margaret Osborne duPont captained the U.S. team. The U.S. team won the competition 7\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 458]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071102-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Wilkes 160\nThe 1953 Wilkes 160 was a NASCAR Grand National Series event that was held on October 11, 1953, at North Wilkesboro Speedway in North Wilkesboro, North Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071102-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Wilkes 160\nThe race car drivers still had to commute to the races using the same stock cars that competed in a typical weekend's race through a policy of homologation (and under their own power). This policy was in effect until roughly 1975. By 1980, NASCAR had completely stopped tracking the year model of all the vehicles and most teams did not take stock cars to the track under their own power anymore.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071102-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Wilkes 160, Background\nNorth Wilkesboro carried a reputation as one of the fastest short-tracks in auto racing in the late 1940s and 1950s. In 1950, speeds reached 73\u00a0mph at the track, compared to the next fastest short-track, Charlotte Speedway, where top speeds only reached 66\u00a0mph. Most of the fans in the early years of the sport saw the track as notorious for being a great venue to watch races between the legendary racers of the time. Racing at North Wilkesboro was intense and physical.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 27], "content_span": [28, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071102-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Wilkes 160, Background\nThe 1950 Wilkes 200 was the second Grand National Series race held at North Wilkesboro Speedway. Twenty-six cars entered the race. Twenty-one-year-old Fireball Roberts qualified with a lap speed of 73.266\u00a0mph on the dirt track for his first ever Grand National pole, but engine problems dropped him out of the running. Fonty Flock started in the third position and led the most laps in the race with 104, but engine troubles also ended his day. Ultimately, Leon Sales led eight of the 200 laps to become the victor,  the fourth NASCAR driver to win an event in his debut race. Jack Smith finished second after leading 55 laps in the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 27], "content_span": [28, 666]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071102-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Wilkes 160, Background\nAfter hosting only one NASCAR event in 1949 and one in 1950, the track began running two Grand National Series events per year in 1951 (with the exception of 1956, when only one race was held; the track was being prepared for pavement). One race was held in the spring, normally in late March or early April, and another was held in the fall, normally in late September or early October. In 1957, owner Enoch Stanley had the 5/8-mile track paved.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 27], "content_span": [28, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071102-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Wilkes 160, Background\nThe Wilkes 200 in 1952 turned into a battle between brothers. Two sets of brothers competed in the race, and they took the top four spots at the finish. The Flock Brothers (Fonty Flock and Tim Flock) were strong, but the Thomas brothers (Herb Thomas and Donald Thomas) had the better outcome. Herb Thomas, driving his 1952 \"Fabulous\" Hudson Hornet, won the pole, led 192 of the 200 laps, and grabbed the victory. Fonty Flock led the first eight laps and finished the race second. Donald Thomas, also in a 1952 \"Fabulous\" Hudson Hornet, finished third, and Tim Flock finished fourth. Eleven of the 27 cars entered in the race finished. Six of the top nine positions were driving Hudson Hornets.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 27], "content_span": [28, 721]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071102-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 Wilkes 160, Race report\nIt took one hour and twenty-four minutes to race 160 laps on a dirt oval track spanning 0.625 miles (1.006\u00a0km). Thirteen lead changes were given amongst four different drivers. Three cautions were given for 16 laps in front of 2000 loyal spectators. Herb Thomas would make his first finish outside the top six in 25 races in this event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 28], "content_span": [29, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071102-0007-0000", "contents": "1953 Wilkes 160, Race report\nThe top ten finishers were: Speedy Thompson (defeating Flock by two laps), Fonty Flock, Ray Duhigg (finished in a car owned by Julian Petty), Bob Welborn, Lee Petty (father of Richard Petty who started his NASCAR career six years later), Buck Baker, Bill Blair, Joe Eubanks, Jimmie Lewallen, and Bub King. Ralph Dutton was the last-place finisher of the race. The mysterious events surrounding Herb Thomas' first finish outside the top six involved a routine pit stop to put gasoline. After that, it was certainly whether Thomas finished the race in a timely manner or not.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 28], "content_span": [29, 602]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071102-0008-0000", "contents": "1953 Wilkes 160, Race report\nNot all the driver numbers have been preserved through the years due to the habit of early NASCAR scorers to throw non-essential statistics into the garbage after each race. Any statistics that remain were kept because they were deemed to be \"essential information\". Arden Mounts drove in this race (and later at the 1955 Southern 500 and the 1956 Southern 500). Pete Stewart made his NASCAR Cup Series d\u00e9but here. Although the race had no bearing on the season ending points championship, the race was of extreme importance to Petty.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 28], "content_span": [29, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071102-0009-0000", "contents": "1953 Wilkes 160, Race report\nThe average speed was 71.202 miles per hour (114.589\u00a0km/h) while Buck Baker qualified with a speed of 78.288 miles per hour (125.992\u00a0km/h). T.H. King, Boyce Hagler and Smokey Yunick were the most notable crew chiefs that played a role in the race. They had Bub King, Buck Baker and Herb Thomas as their drivers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 28], "content_span": [29, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071103-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 William & Mary Indians football team\nThe 1953 William & Mary Indians football team represented the College of William & Mary as a member of the Southern Conference (SoCon) during the 1953 college football season. The team is considered, within the school's community, to be one of the most remarkable stories in its athletics history.< Due to an academic cheating scandal (unrelated to the 1951 scandal), eight of the team's starting members were dismissed from school and another portion of the remaining 33 players transferred out.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071103-0000-0001", "contents": "1953 William & Mary Indians football team\nAmong the 24 remaining players, five were returning Korean War veterans and one other had never played a minute of football in his life. Many of them were undersized (the quarterback stood 5\u20328\u2033 and weighed 160 pounds) and the coaching staff was few in numbers: five total, including Boydson Baird, William & Mary's head basketball coach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071103-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 William & Mary Indians football team\nTheir schedule was so tough that opposing teams would call ahead to make sure that William & Mary still intended on playing them the following week. the Indians started the season 5\u20132\u20131 before losing their final two games after accumulating injuries with few available substitutions. Six of the players went on to play professional football. The 1953 team was profiled in a 2011 book written by Rene A. Henry and titled The Iron Indians.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071104-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Wimbledon Championships\nThe 1953 Wimbledon Championships took place on the outdoor grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in Wimbledon, London, United Kingdom. The tournament was held from Monday 22 June until Saturday 4 July 1953. It was the 67th staging of the Wimbledon Championships, and the third Grand Slam tennis event of 1953. Vic Seixas and Maureen Connolly won the singles titles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071104-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Wimbledon Championships, Finals, Seniors, Men's Doubles\nLew Hoad /  Ken Rosewall defeated  Rex Hartwig /  Mervyn Rose, 6\u20134, 7\u20135, 4\u20136, 7\u20135", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 60], "content_span": [61, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071104-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Wimbledon Championships, Finals, Seniors, Women's Doubles\nShirley Fry /  Doris Hart defeated  Maureen Connolly /  Julia Sampson, 6\u20130, 6\u20130", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 62], "content_span": [63, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071104-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Wimbledon Championships, Finals, Seniors, Mixed Doubles\nVic Seixas /  Doris Hart defeated  Enrique Morea /  Shirley Fry, 9\u20137, 7\u20135", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 60], "content_span": [61, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071105-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Boys' Singles\nBilly Knight defeated Ramanathan Krishnan in the final, 7\u20135, 6\u20134 to win the Boys' Singles tennis title at the 1953 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071106-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Girls' Singles\nFenny ten Bosch was the defending champion, but lost in the quarterfinals to Margot Dittmeyer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071106-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Girls' Singles\nDora Kilian defeated Valerie Pitt in the final, 6\u20134, 4\u20136, 6\u20131 to win the Girls' Singles tennis title at the 1953 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071107-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Doubles\nKen McGregor and Frank Sedgman were the defending champions, but were ineligible to compete after turning professional.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071107-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Doubles\nLew Hoad and Ken Rosewall defeated Rex Hartwig and Mervyn Rose in the final, 6\u20134, 7\u20135, 4\u20136, 7\u20135 to win the Gentlemen' Doubles tennis title at the 1953 Wimbledon Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071107-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Doubles, Seeds\nClick on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071108-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nIn the 1953 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Gentlemen's Singles, second seed Vic Seixas defeated the unseeded Kurt Nielsen in the final, 9\u20137, 6\u20133, 6\u20134, to take the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title. Frank Sedgman was the defending champion, but was ineligible to compete after turning professional.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071108-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Singles, Progress of the competition\nIt was the first of two Men's Singles competitions at Wimbledon in which an unseeded Nielsen had progressed to the final. On the way, he defeated both the number one seed Ken Rosewall and a favourite with the Wimbledon crowd, fourth-seeded Jaroslav Drobn\u00fd, the latter in straight sets.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 73], "content_span": [74, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071108-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Singles, Progress of the competition\nDrobn\u00fd's earlier third-round match against Budge Patty, came to be regarded as a classic in Wimbledon history. The match lasted for 93 games, and held the Wimbledon record for the longest match until 1969.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 73], "content_span": [74, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071108-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Singles, Seeds\nClick on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071109-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Mixed Doubles\nFrank Sedgman and Doris Hart were the defending champions, but Sedgman was ineligible to compete after turning professional. Hart partnered with Vic Seixas, and they defeated Enrique Morea and Shirley Fry in the final, 9\u20137, 7\u20135 to win the Mixed Doubles tennis title at the 1953 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071109-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Mixed Doubles, Seeds\nClick on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071110-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Women's Doubles\nShirley Fry and Doris Hart successfully defended their title, defeating Maureen Connolly and Julia Sampson in the final, 6\u20130, 6\u20130 to win the Ladies' Doubles tennis title at the 1953 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071110-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Women's Doubles, Seeds\nClick on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 53], "content_span": [54, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071111-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Women's Singles\nMaureen Connolly successfully defended her title, defeating Doris Hart in the final, 8\u20136, 7\u20135 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1953 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071111-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Women's Singles, Seeds\nClick on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 53], "content_span": [54, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071112-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Winnipeg municipal election\nThe 1953 Winnipeg municipal election was held on October 28, 1953, to elect councillors and school trustees in the Manitoba city of Winnipeg. There was no mayoral election; mayors were elected for two-year terms in this period, and 1953 was an off year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071112-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Winnipeg municipal election\nThere was a total of 18 councillors and 15 trustees in this period, with members elected in alternate years. The councillors and trustees were elected by single transferable vote, with three members elected in each of three wards. Electors cast ranked ballots where first, second and third choices were marked for the appropriate candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071112-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Winnipeg municipal election\nThree political parties contested this election. The Civic Election Committee (CEC) was a pro-business alliance of Progressive Conservatives and Liberals, and was the dominant party in Winnipeg's predominantly middle-class first ward. The CEC claimed not to be a political party as such, but held nomination meetings and ran organized campaigns in a partisan manner. The socialist Cooperative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) and the communist Labour Progressive Party (LLP) also contested the election. Both parties were strongest in Ward Three, covering the city's working-class north end.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 621]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071112-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Winnipeg municipal election\nThe CEC won five of the nine contested council seats, down two from their pre-election total. The CCF gained one council seat for a total of three, while the LPP regained a foothold on council by winning a seat in Ward Three. The CEC won six trustee seats, the CCF two, and the LPP one.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071112-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Winnipeg municipal election, Council Results, Ward One\nThe CCF attempted to break the CEC's hold over Ward One by fielding only one candidate, in an effort to avoid vote-splitting among supporters. This tactic had proven successful the previous year, when CCF candidate David Mulligan was elected to the second position. Ernest Draffin was not able to repeat this success, however, and all three CEC incumbents were re-elected. The quota for election was 5,322 votes (25%).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 59], "content_span": [60, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071112-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Winnipeg municipal election, Council Results, Ward One\nSimonite and Chown were declared elected, and Simonite's surplus 1,294 votes were distributed as follows: McCreery 1177, Draffin 117. McCreery was declared elected on the second count.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 59], "content_span": [60, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071112-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 Winnipeg municipal election, Council Results, Ward Two\nVeteran CCF alderman V.B. Anderson was the only incumbent seeking re-election in this ward, as the two CEC incumbents had both announced their retirement. The CEC and CCF both ran two candidates, effectively giving each party a bye for one of the positions. Former Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) Gordon Fines finished second, and gave the CCF a second seat in the ward. LPP candidate William Cecil Ross, the leader of the provincial party, fared poorly outside of his party's north-end base. The quota for election was 3,783 votes (25%).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 59], "content_span": [60, 607]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071112-0007-0000", "contents": "1953 Winnipeg municipal election, Council Results, Ward Two\nRoss, being the least-popular candidate, was eliminated. His 635 votes were distributed as follows: Fines 134, Anderson 134, Bennett 88. 279 of his votes were non-transferable.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 59], "content_span": [60, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071112-0008-0000", "contents": "1953 Winnipeg municipal election, Council Results, Ward Two\nGoodman's surplus 185 votes were distributed as follows: Bennett 121, Anderson 41, Fines 23.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 59], "content_span": [60, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071112-0009-0000", "contents": "1953 Winnipeg municipal election, Council Results, Ward Two\nBennett remaining the lowest-ranking candidate,he was to be eliminated. this would leave only two candidates remaining and two open seats. Fines and Anderson were declared elected after the third count.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 59], "content_span": [60, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071112-0010-0000", "contents": "1953 Winnipeg municipal election, Council Results, Ward Three\nThe CEC fielded a full slate of three candidates in this ward, with the intention of re-electing both of their incumbents. They succeeded in with Slaw Rebchuk, but lost their other seat to longtime LPP politician Jacob Penner. Penner, himself a veteran member of the council, had been defeated by CEC candidate Stan Carrick in the 1952 election; his victory in 1953 returned the LPP to council representation after a year's absence. The CCF retained their seat without difficulty, as council incumbent Jack Blumberg finished in first place. The CCF's decision to field only two candidates likely benefited Penner's campaign. The quota for election was 4,715 votes (25%).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 61], "content_span": [62, 732]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071112-0011-0000", "contents": "1953 Winnipeg municipal election, Council Results, Ward Three\nBlumberg was declared elected to the first position, and his 391 surplus votes were distributed as follows: Stevens 184, Penner 80, Wagner 75, Rebchuk 36, Mazapa 16.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 61], "content_span": [62, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071112-0012-0000", "contents": "1953 Winnipeg municipal election, Council Results, Ward Three\nStevens was eliminated, and his 1,625 votes were distributed as follows: Wagner 441, Penner 238, Rebchuk 158, Mazapa 91. 697 votes were non-transferable.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 61], "content_span": [62, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071112-0013-0000", "contents": "1953 Winnipeg municipal election, Council Results, Ward Three\nMazapa was eliminated, and his 1,933 votes were transferred as follows: Rebchuk 938, Wagner 285, Penner 125. 585 votes were non-transferable.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 61], "content_span": [62, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071112-0014-0000", "contents": "1953 Winnipeg municipal election, Council Results, Ward Three\nPenner and Rebchuk were declared elected after the fourth count  as Wagner's elimination wold leave only two candidates remaining and two open seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 61], "content_span": [62, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071112-0015-0000", "contents": "1953 Winnipeg municipal election, Council Results, Ward Three\nWagner's votes and Rebchuk's surplus were not transferred, as it would not have effected the result.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 61], "content_span": [62, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071112-0016-0000", "contents": "1953 Winnipeg municipal election, Trustee results, Ward One\nThe school trustee election in Ward One yielded essentially the same result as the council election. The CCF ran a single candidate to prevent vote splitting, but the CEC nevertheless retained all three positions. The quota for election was 5,278 votes (25%).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 59], "content_span": [60, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071112-0017-0000", "contents": "1953 Winnipeg municipal election, Trustee results, Ward One\nTennant's surplus 1,999 votes were distributed as follows: McAskill 1483, Gladstone 516. McAskill was declared elected to the third position.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 59], "content_span": [60, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071112-0018-0000", "contents": "1953 Winnipeg municipal election, Trustee results, Ward Two\nThe CEC and CCF each fielded two candidates, effectively giving both parties a bye for one of the seats. The CEC's two incumbents were re-elected without difficulty, while CCF candidate Walter Seaberg finally won a seat after a number of failed attempts. The LPP again fared poorly outside of their Ward Three base. It is notable that the LPP candidate was Roland Penner, who later left the Communist movement and served as Manitoba's Attorney-General in the 1980s. The quota for election was 3,752 votes (25%).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 59], "content_span": [60, 571]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071112-0019-0000", "contents": "1953 Winnipeg municipal election, Trustee results, Ward Two\nMurphy's surplus 2,119 votes were distributed as follows: Malcolm 1745, Seaberg 192, Vandurme 99, Penner 83. Malcolm and Seaberg were both declared elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 59], "content_span": [60, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071112-0020-0000", "contents": "1953 Winnipeg municipal election, Trustee results, Ward Three\nLPP candidate Joseph Zuken topped the polls to win the first trustee position in north-end Winnipeg. The CEC and CCF both fielded two candidates, and won one seat apiece. Zuken's victory may be credited to his personal popularity and reputation as a diligent worker, as well as to the LPP's general base of support. The quota for election was 4,658 votes (25%).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 61], "content_span": [62, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071112-0021-0000", "contents": "1953 Winnipeg municipal election, Trustee results, Ward Three\nLuginsky was eliminated, and his 2661 votes were distributed as follows: Hatcher 1198, Zaharychuk 262, Bachynski 240. 961 votes were not transferred. Zaharychuk and Hatcher were declared elected. Zuken's surplus was not transferred, as it would not have made a difference to the outcome.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 61], "content_span": [62, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071113-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Wisconsin Badgers football team\nThe 1953 Wisconsin Badgers football team represented the University of Wisconsin in the 1953 Big Ten Conference football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071114-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Wis\u0142a Krak\u00f3w season\nThe 1953 season was Wis\u0142a Krak\u00f3w's 45th year as a club. Wis\u0142a was under the name of Gwardia Krak\u00f3w.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071115-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Women's British Open Squash Championship\nThe 1953 Ladies Open Championships was held at the Lansdowne Club in London from 15\u201322 February 1953. Janet Morgan won her fourth consecutive title defeating Marjorie Townsend in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071115-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Women's British Open Squash Championship, Seeds\nMarjorie Townsend  Sheila Speight  M E Gowthorpe  Audrey Bates  Alice Teague  Charlotte Prizer  A V M Isaac  Barbara Laussat Clement  M Short  Blanche Day  Barbara Banks  Pat Gotla n\u00e9e Cowney  Maitland-Griggs  Joan Kock  Ruth Turner", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 52], "content_span": [53, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071116-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Women's Western Open\nThe 1953 Women's Western Open was a golf competition held at Capital City Club, the 24th edition of the event. Louise Suggs won the championship in match play competition by defeating Patty Berg in the final match, 6 and 5.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071117-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Worcester tornado\nThe 1953 Worcester tornado was an extremely powerful tornado that struck the city and surrounding area of Worcester, Massachusetts on Tuesday, June 9, 1953. It was part of the Flint\u2013Worcester tornado outbreak sequence, which occurred over a three-day period from June 6\u20139, 1953. The storm stayed on the ground for nearly 90 minutes, traveling 48 miles across Central Massachusetts. In total, 94 people were killed, making it the 21st deadliest tornado in the history of the United States. In addition to the fatalities, nearly 1,300 people were injured and 4,000 buildings were damaged. The tornado caused $52\u00a0million in damage, which translates to $503\u00a0million today when adjusted for currency inflation. After the Fujita scale was developed in 1971, the storm was classified as F4, the second highest rating on the scale.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 846]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071117-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Worcester tornado\nAt approximately 4:25\u00a0pm (EST), the tornado touched down in a forest near the town of Petersham, and proceeded to move through Barre, where two people were killed. It then moved through the western suburbs of Worcester, where 11 more people were killed. The storm then passed through Worcester, where it destroyed Assumption College and several other buildings, killing 60. After striking Worcester, it killed 21 more people in the towns of Shrewsbury, Southborough, and Westborough, before dissipating over Framingham. According to National Weather Service estimates, over 10,000 people were left homeless as a result of the tornado.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 657]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071117-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Worcester tornado, Meteorological synopsis, Buildup to storm\nOn June 7, 1953, a strong shortwave trough moved eastward over the Rocky Mountains, bringing with it strong upward motion that induced lee cyclogenesis: the formation of a low-pressure area over eastern Colorado. In combination with the warm unstable air in place over the Great Plains, and an elevated mixed layer from the desert southwest, this led to conditions favorable for severe thunderstorms and tornadoes. More than 30 tornadoes occurred that day across Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, and Iowa, including a violent tornado that killed 11 people near Arcadia, Nebraska.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 65], "content_span": [66, 640]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071117-0002-0001", "contents": "1953 Worcester tornado, Meteorological synopsis, Buildup to storm\nOn June 8 the storm system moved northeast  These conditions led to several tornadoes in the states of Michigan, Ohio, and Nebraska: most notably the Flint-Beecher tornado. The storm killed 116 people in the northern Flint suburb of Beecher, and injured 844. In addition, seven other tornadoes across the region caused 449 more injuries and 26 more fatalities. After the use of the Fujita scale began, the Flint-Beecher tornado was rated an F5.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 65], "content_span": [66, 510]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071117-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Worcester tornado, Meteorological synopsis, Buildup to storm\nOn the morning of June 9, the low pressure system had moved northeastward into Ontario near the south end of Hudson Bay. An occluded front extended south from it, towards a triple point with a warm front and cold front near the northern end of Lake Superior. The warm front extended southeast across New York, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey, and over the course of the day moved northeast, bringing warm, moist, unstable air into the New England area, including Massachusetts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 65], "content_span": [66, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071117-0003-0001", "contents": "1953 Worcester tornado, Meteorological synopsis, Buildup to storm\nIn the mid-atmosphere, the elevated mixed layer was still in place, keeping storms from forming earlier in the day before maximum temperatures were reached. By afternoon, temperatures in Worcester had reached 80\u00a0\u00b0F (27\u00a0\u00b0C), with a dew point of 66\u00a0\u00b0F (19\u00a0\u00b0C); in combination with cold air aloft, this meant that atmospheric conditions were very unstable and conducive to severe weather.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 65], "content_span": [66, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071117-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Worcester tornado, Meteorological synopsis, Buildup to storm\nForecasters at the National Weather Service office in Boston believed that there was a possibility for tornado activity in the area, but decided not to include it in their forecast for the day in fear that they would cause panic among local citizens. 1953 was the first year that tornado and severe thunderstorm warnings were used, so forecasters compromised and issued the first severe thunderstorm watch in the history of Massachusetts. Most news reports only made mentions of possible thunderstorms. Because of this, the tornado struck with little to no warning for residents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 65], "content_span": [66, 645]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071117-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Worcester tornado, Tornado event\nThe tornado descended over the Quabbin Reservoir in Petersham, Massachusetts, at 4:25 P.M., and was witnessed by boaters on the reservoir - three funnels were seen at the beginning, with rapid dissipation of one of them. After brushing Petersham (occasionally with twin funnels several hundred feet apart), the tornado tracked southeastwards and slammed into the rural towns of Barre and Rutland, with two fatalities occurring at each of these locations. The now massive tornado then tore directly through suburban Holden, completely wiping out the Brentwood Estates subdivision, resulting in fatalities.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 37], "content_span": [38, 642]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071117-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 Worcester tornado, Tornado event\nAt 5:08 P.M., the tornado entered Worcester and grew to a width of 1\u00a0mi (1.6\u00a0km). Damage was phenomenal in Worcester (second-largest city in Massachusetts) and in some areas equaled the worst damage in any U.S. tornado. Hardest-hit areas included Assumption College (building is now home to Quinsigamond Community College), where a priest and two nuns were killed. The main building's 3-foot (0.91\u00a0m)-thick brick walls were reduced by three floors, and the landmark tower lost three stories. A nearby storage tank, weighing several tons, was lofted and tossed across a road by the tornado.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 37], "content_span": [38, 627]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071117-0006-0001", "contents": "1953 Worcester tornado, Tornado event\nThe nearby Burncoat Hill neighborhood saw heavy devastation (especially on its western slope), but it was the Uncatena-Great Brook Valley neighborhoods to the east of Burncoat Hill that were utterly leveled, with the tornado possibly reaching F5 intensity in this area. Houses simply vanished, with the debris granulated and scattered well away from the foundations. Entire rows of homes were swept away in some areas. Forty people died in the Uncatena-Great Brook Valley areas alone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 37], "content_span": [38, 522]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071117-0006-0002", "contents": "1953 Worcester tornado, Tornado event\nA 12-tonne (12,000\u00a0kg) bus was picked up, rolled over several times and was thrown against the newly constructed Curtis Apartments in Great Brook Valley, resulting in the deaths of two passengers. The Curtis Apartments blueprints were blown all the way to Duxbury (near Plymouth), 75 miles (121\u00a0km) away. Across Boylston St. from the Curtis Apartments, the Brookside Home Farm (a city-operated dairy facility and laundry) sustained total damage, with six men killed and the loss of its herd of 80 Holsteins. Houses and bodies were blown into Lake Quinsigamond. The six fatalities at Brookside were the most in any one building in the tornado's path.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 37], "content_span": [38, 687]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071117-0007-0000", "contents": "1953 Worcester tornado, Tornado event\nThe funnel maintained a 1-mile (1.6\u00a0km) width throughout much of Shrewsbury (12 killed), and was still doing maximum damage when it moved through downtown Westborough (five deaths), where it began curving towards the northeast in its final leg. In the storm's final moments, three people perished in the collapse of the Fayville Post Office in Southborough. Coincidentally, around the time it ended at 5:45 P.M., a tornado warning was issued, although by then it was too late.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 37], "content_span": [38, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071117-0007-0001", "contents": "1953 Worcester tornado, Tornado event\nA separate F3 tornado also struck about the same time the warning was issued, in the nearby communities of Sutton, Northbridge, Mendon, Bellingham, Franklin, Wrentham and Mansfield in Massachusetts, injuring 17 persons. Another tornado did minor damage and caused several injuries in Fremont and Exeter in Rockingham County, New Hampshire; other smaller tornadoes occurred in Colrain, Massachusetts and Rollinsford, New Hampshire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 37], "content_span": [38, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071117-0008-0000", "contents": "1953 Worcester tornado, Tornado event\nBaseball-size hail was reported in a score of communities affected by the Worcester supercell. Airborne debris was strewn eastward, reaching the Blue Hill Meteorological Observatory 35\u00a0mi (56\u00a0km) away, and even out over Massachusetts Bay and the Atlantic Ocean. The farthest documented distance of tornado debris was an item that blew from Holden to Eastham on Cape Cod, a distance of 110 miles (180\u00a0km). Some debris was found in the Atlantic Ocean. This is one of the greatest such instances in a U.S. tornado.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 37], "content_span": [38, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071117-0009-0000", "contents": "1953 Worcester tornado, Aftermath\nThe Worcester tornado was a milestone in many regards. Besides its enormous size and unusual geographic location, at the time it was the nation's costliest tornado in raw dollars. Its 1,300 injuries were the 3rd worst in U.S. history (until the 1979 Wichita Falls tornado bumped it to number 4, where it still stands). The tally of 10,000 homeless stood unchallenged for 26 years until the '79 Wichita Falls storm.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071117-0010-0000", "contents": "1953 Worcester tornado, Aftermath\nHowever, the Worcester tornado's greatest effect on the nation was its being the principal catalyst for the Storm Prediction Center's reorganization on June 17, 1953, and subsequent implementation of a nationwide radar/storm spotter system. The results proved successful: since June 9, 1953, no single U.S. tornado had killed over 100 people until the Joplin, Missouri tornado of May 22, 2011.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071117-0011-0000", "contents": "1953 Worcester tornado, Aftermath\nThe severity of this epic storm remained in dispute for a long period within the meteorological community. Official observations classified this tornado as F4, but damage was consistent with an F5 tornado in five of the affected towns (Rutland, Holden, Worcester, Shrewsbury and Westborough). As a result of this debate, the National Weather Service took an unprecedented step and convened a panel of weather experts during the spring of 2005 to study the latest evidence on the wind strength of the Worcester tornado.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 552]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071117-0011-0001", "contents": "1953 Worcester tornado, Aftermath\nThe panel considered whether to raise its designation to F5, but decided during the summer of 2005 to keep the official rating as a strong F4. The reasoning for this was that the anchoring techniques used in many of the destroyed or vanished homes could never now be ascertained with certainty, and some of these structures (many of recent postwar construction) were possibly more vulnerable to high winds than older homes. Without a proper engineering qualification, it would be nearly impossible to determine with 100% accuracy which damage was F5 and which was F4, as appearances would be similar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 634]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071118-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 World Archery Championships\nThe 1953 World Archery Championships was the 16th edition of the World Archery Championships. The event was held in Oslo, Norway in July 1953 and was organised by World Archery Federation (FITA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071119-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 World Fencing Championships\nThe 1953 World Fencing Championships were held in Brussels, Belgium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071120-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 World Figure Skating Championships\nThe World Figure Skating Championships is an annual figure skating competition sanctioned by the International Skating Union in which figure skaters compete for the title of World Champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071120-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 World Figure Skating Championships\nThe 1953 competitions for men, ladies, pair skating, and ice dancing took place from February 8th to 15th in Davos, Switzerland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071121-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 World Professional Match-play Championship\nThe 1953 World Professional Match-play Championship was a professional snooker tournament, the second edition of the World Professional Match-play Championship, held from 10 November 1952 to 28 March 1953. The event was held across several venues in the United Kingdom, with the final held at the Leicester Square Hall in London, England. Fred Davis was the defending champion, after winning the 1952 event, with a 38\u201335 win over Walter Donaldson. The same players contested the 1953 final, with Davis defeating Donaldson 37\u201334 in the 71-frame final. The highest break of 133 was made by John Pulman in his semi-final loss to Davis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 680]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071121-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 World Professional Match-play Championship, Overview\nThe World Professional Match-play Championship was created in 1952 as an alternative to the Billiards Association and Control Council (BA&CC) professional World Snooker Championship, which was retrospectively recognised as a world championship. However, founder and 15-time champion Joe Davis of the BA&CC's events did not participate in the Match-play Championships. The defending champion of the event was Davis' brother Fred Davis, who had won the World Snooker Championship as the BA&CC authorised event, and the match-play championship in 1952. Davis won his second World title by defeating Walter Donaldson 38\u201335 in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 57], "content_span": [58, 690]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071121-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 World Professional Match-play Championship, Overview, Format\nThe 1953 World Professional Match-play Championship was held over several months between 10 November 1952 to 28 March 1953. The final was held at Leicester Square Hall in London, England from 23 to 28 March 1953. The event featured eight participants. The rounds were played at different locations in the United Kingdom over different match lengths. Matches were played as the best-of-61 frames in the quarter and semi-finals, and a best-of-73 frames final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 65], "content_span": [66, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071121-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 World Professional Match-play Championship, Overview, Schedule\nBelow is the list of venues and dates for the matches during the championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 67], "content_span": [68, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071121-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 World Professional Match-play Championship, Summary\nThe qualifying section was held at Leicester Square Hall from 25 August to 6 September 1952. 66-year-old Willie Smith met Jim Lees from 25 to 27 August. Smith led 16\u20138 after two days and won 21\u201314. The match between Kingsley Kennerley and Rex Williams was played from 28 to 30 August. Kennerley led 16\u20138 after two days and won 25\u201312. Smith and Kennerley met from 1 to 6 September in the six-day final. Kennerley led 27\u201321 after four days and took a winning 36\u201324 lead after the fifth day, winning all six of the evening session frames. The final score was 42\u201329.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 56], "content_span": [57, 619]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071121-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 World Professional Match-play Championship, Summary\nAlbert Brown and Alec Brown met in the first quarter-final, played in Slough, played over 6 days. Albert Brown took a 7\u20133 lead on the first day but Alec Brown had levelled the match at 15\u201315 after day 3. Albert Brown won all 5 frames on the fourth afternoon session and led 23\u201317 after four days. Alec Brown reduced Albert Brown's lead to 26\u201324 after day 5 but won only 2 frames on the last day as Albert secured a 35\u201326 win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 56], "content_span": [57, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071121-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 World Professional Match-play Championship, Summary\nDefending champion Fred Davis played John Barrie at the Mechanics Institute in Derby. Davis led 20\u201316 after three days, making a break of 121 on day 3, but Barrie levelled the match at 24\u201324 on the fourth day, where he made a century break. On the final day, Davis led 28\u201326 after the afternoon session, despite a break of 125 by Barrie, and Davis eventually won 32\u201329.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 56], "content_span": [57, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071121-0007-0000", "contents": "1953 World Professional Match-play Championship, Summary\nJohn Pulman met Jackie Rea in the five-day match played at the RAOB Hall, Belfast. This was the first World Championship match to be played in Ireland. Pulman had the best of the first four days and led 29\u201319, needing just two frames on the final day for victory. Pulman won the match by taking a 31\u201321 after winning the fourth afternoon frame on the final day. The match ended with Pulman completing a 36\u201325 victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 56], "content_span": [57, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071121-0008-0000", "contents": "1953 World Professional Match-play Championship, Summary\nWalter Donaldson met Kingsley Kennerley, the winner of the qualifying competition, in the final quarter-final played in Bolton. Donaldson dominated the match, leading 27\u20138 after the fourth afternoon session. Kennerley won all five frames in the evening session, but Donaldson took a winning lead of 31\u201314 after the fifth afternoon. The match ended with Donaldson 42\u201319 ahead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 56], "content_span": [57, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071121-0009-0000", "contents": "1953 World Professional Match-play Championship, Summary\nFred Davis met John Pulman in the first semi-final played at the Wrekin Hall in Wellington, Shropshire. Davis tok a winning 31\u201317 lead after the fourth day. The final score was 36\u201325. In the final afternoon session Davis made a break of 101 while Pulman made a 105 break and the highest break of the championship - a 133 - in the evening, and finished 36\u201325. Albert Brown withdrew from his semi-final match against Walter Donaldson in Liverpool before the second day's play, on medical advice, but was trailing 1-9 after the first day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 56], "content_span": [57, 592]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071121-0010-0000", "contents": "1953 World Professional Match-play Championship, Summary\nThe final was held at Leicester Square Hall for the first time since 1949, the last time the final was held there and was held over 71 frames. The match was level at 6\u20136 after the first day but Donaldson took a 13\u201311 lead after day 2, despite a break of 107 by Davis. Donaldson led 20\u201316 after day 3 but Davis tied the match at 24\u201324 after the fourth day which included another Davis century, this time of 102. David led 28\u201326 after the fifth afternoon session but Donaldson took a 31\u201329 lead at the end of the fifth day. The match was again level at 33\u201333 after the final afternoon session but Davis crept ahead in the evening session to win 37\u201334.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 56], "content_span": [57, 706]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071121-0011-0000", "contents": "1953 World Professional Match-play Championship, Main draw\nThe draw for the competition is below. Players in bold denote match winners.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 58], "content_span": [59, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071121-0012-0000", "contents": "1953 World Professional Match-play Championship, Qualifying\nThe draw for the qualifying competition is below. Players in bold denote match winners.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 59], "content_span": [60, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071122-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 World Series\nThe 1953 World Series matched the four-time defending champions New York Yankees against the Brooklyn Dodgers in a rematch of the 1952 Series, and the fourth such matchup between the two teams in the past seven seasons. The Yankees won in six games for their fifth consecutive title\u2014a mark which has not been equalled\u2014and their 16th overall. It was also the last of seven consecutive World Series wins by teams from the American League, the longest such streak for the AL in series history. Billy Martin won World Series MVP honors as he hit .500 with a record-tying 12 hits and a walk-off RBI single in Game\u00a06.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 629]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071122-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 World Series, Summary\nAL New York Yankees (4) vs. NL Brooklyn Dodgers (2)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 26], "content_span": [27, 78]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071122-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 World Series, Matchups, Game 1\nBefore a full house (69,734 in attendance), the Yankees scored four runs in the first inning. Brooklyn starter Carl Erskine did not last past the first. After a one-out walk, an RBI triple by Hank Bauer put the Yankees up 1\u20130. After a strikeout, two more walks loaded the bases before Billy Martin cleared them with a triple of his own and the Dodgers pinch-hit for Erskine in the top of the second. They did not score off Allie Reynolds until the fifth on a Jim Gilliam home run.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 516]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071122-0002-0001", "contents": "1953 World Series, Matchups, Game 1\nYogi Berra matched it in the bottom of the fifth with a home run of his own, and the Yankee lead looked safe until a leadoff home run by Gil Hodges and two-run home run by pinch-hitter George Shuba chased Reynolds in the sixth. Brooklyn tied it an inning later against Johnny Sain with consecutive leadoff singles by Roy Campanella, Hodges and Carl Furillo. A home run by unsung first baseman Joe Collins proved the game-winner off Clem Labine, with winning pitcher Johnny Sain providing two more runs himself in the eighth off Ben Wade with a two-run double. Sain then scored on a Joe Collins single, and pitched a scoreless ninth to give the Yankees a 9\u20135 win and 1\u20130 series lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 718]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071122-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 World Series, Matchups, Game 2\nHe looked shaky in the first, walking three, hitting a batter, and allowing a sacrifice fly to Yogi Berra for the game's first run, but Brooklyn's Preacher Roe settled down after that and engaged Eddie Lopat in a complete-game pitching duel. Billy Cox's two-run double after back-to-back two-out singles in the fourth inning put the Dodgers up 2\u20131. Billy Martin's leadoff home run off Roe in the seventh inning tied the score. The game-winning blast came from Mickey Mantle, a two-run shot to left field in the bottom of the eighth. Brooklyn got two runners aboard in the ninth, but Lopat was able to retire Duke Snider on a game-ending grounder to second base.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 697]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071122-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 World Series, Matchups, Game 3\nAlthough the Yankees won the Series, Brooklyn had at least one shining moment, as pitcher Carl Erskine set a new Series record by striking out 14 Yankees in Game\u00a03. That broke Howard Ehmke's 1929 record by one. Ersk's record would stand until Sandy Koufax got 15 in 1963.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071122-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 World Series, Matchups, Game 3\nIn that same game, Yogi Berra was hit twice by Erskine, making him the first American League player in World Series history to be a hit-batsman twice during the same game. The Yankees struck first in the fifth on an RBI single by Gil McDougald with runners on second and third, but the Dodgers tied it in the bottom half on Billy Cox's fielder's choice with Jackie Robinson at third. Robinson's RBI single next inning put the Dodgers up 2\u20131, but again the game became tied at 2\u20132 in the eighth on an RBI single by the Yankees' Gene Woodling. The decisive blow came in the bottom of the inning when Vic Raschi  surrendered a Roy Campanella home run, which proved to be the game-winner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 720]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071122-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 World Series, Matchups, Game 4\nThe home team won for the fourth consecutive time. Whitey Ford lasted just one inning as the Yankees' starter, allowing a leadoff ground-rule double to Jim Gilliam, who scored on Jackie Robinson's single. After a forceout, wild pitch and intentional walk, Duke Snider's two-run double made it 3\u20130 Dodgers. Gilliam's double in the fourth off Tom Gorman made it 4\u20130, but Brooklyn's lead was cut in half in the fifth when Billy Loes gave up a two-run home run to Gil McDougald.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 510]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071122-0006-0001", "contents": "1953 World Series, Matchups, Game 4\nSnider's leadoff home run in the sixth off Johnny Sain made it 5\u20132 Dodgers, then after a double and single, Gilliam's sacrifice fly extended that lead to 6\u20132. Next inning, after a two-out walk, Snider's RBI double off Art Schallock made it 7\u20132 Dodgers. In the ninth, two singles and walk loaded the bases with no outs for the Yankees. Clem Labine relieved Loes and got two-outs before Mickey Mantle's RBI single cut the Dodgers' lead to 7\u20133, but Billy Martin was thrown out trying to score from second base to end the game, tying the series 2\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071122-0007-0000", "contents": "1953 World Series, Matchups, Game 5\nYankees manager Casey Stengel gave the ball to Jim McDonald for Game 5 and, while he gave up a dozen hits, he got them a win. Brooklyn starter Johnny Podres was jolted by a Gene Woodling home run to begin the game. After the Dodgers tied the game in the second on two singles followed by shortstop Phil Rizzuto's throwing error on Carl Furillo's ground ball, Podres was chased in a five-run third. Rizzuto drew a leadoff walk, moved to third on two groundouts, and scored on when first baseman Gil Hodges misplayed Joe Collins's groundball.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071122-0007-0001", "contents": "1953 World Series, Matchups, Game 5\nA hit-by-pitch and walk loaded the bases, and the first man Podres's replacement Russ Meyer faced was Mickey Mantle, who greeted him with a grand slam. Duke Snider's RBI single after a hit-by-pitch and single made it 6\u20132 Yankees in the fifth, but in the seventh, Billy Martin's two-run home run off Russ Meyer extended their lead to 8\u20132. Rizzuto singled with two outs and scored on McDonald's double.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071122-0007-0002", "contents": "1953 World Series, Matchups, Game 5\nThe Yankees added another run in the eighth when Collins hit a leadoff double off Ben Wade, moved to third on a sacrifice bunt, and scored on Yogi Berra's sacrifice fly, but in the bottom of the inning McDonald allowed two singles, then an RBI single to Furillo before a three-run Billy Cox home run cut their lead to 10\u20136. He was relieved by Bob Kuzava, who struck out Dick Williams to end the inning. Each team got a run in the ninth on a home run, Gil McDougald for the Yankees off Joe Black and Jim Gilliam for the Dodgers off Kuzava. Allie Reynolds was brought in to retire Jackie Robinson for the final out.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 649]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071122-0008-0000", "contents": "1953 World Series, Matchups, Game 6\nIn Game 6, after a walk, strikeout and single, Yogi Berra's ground-rule double put the Yankees up 1\u20130 in the first off Carl Erskine. After an intentional walk loaded the bases, an error on Billy Martin's ground ball made it 2\u20130 Yankees. Next inning, Gene Woodling's sacrifice fly after two leadoff singles made it 3\u20130 Yankees. Starter Whitey Ford pitched five shutout innings, but in the sixth, allowed a one-out double to Jackie Robinson, who stole third and scored on Roy Campanella's groundout.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071122-0008-0001", "contents": "1953 World Series, Matchups, Game 6\nDown 3\u20131 in the ninth, Brooklyn rallied back on a Duke Snider walk followed by a Carl Furillo home run off Allie Reynolds. However, Yankee second baseman Billy Martin\u2014who made a game-saving catch in Game 7 of the 1952 World Series\u2014again ruined the Dodgers' dreams of a championship. In the bottom of the ninth, with a runner on second base, Martin drilled a Clem Labine sinker up the middle for a Series-winning RBI single.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071122-0009-0000", "contents": "1953 World Series, Aftermath\nDropping their seventh Series without a victory, the Dodgers terminated manager Chuck Dressen's contract; Dressen was demanding two more years. Walter Alston took his place and managed the Dodgers for the next 23 seasons (1954\u20131976), leading them to four World Series championships in 1955, 1959, 1963, and 1965  before being replaced by Tommy Lasorda, who would manage the team for 20 years himself (1976\u20131996). Lasorda would lead the Dodgers to a pair of World Series championships in 1981 and 1988.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 28], "content_span": [29, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071122-0010-0000", "contents": "1953 World Series, Composite box\n1953 World Series (4\u20132): New York Yankees (A.L.) over Brooklyn Dodgers (N.L.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 32], "content_span": [33, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071122-0011-0000", "contents": "1953 World Series, Broadcasting\nThe Series was broadcast on NBC television, with Yankees announcer Mel Allen and Dodgers announcer Vin Scully describing the action; and on Mutual radio, with Al Helfer and Gene Kelly announcing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071122-0012-0000", "contents": "1953 World Series, Broadcasting\nRed Barber, Vin Scully's senior on the Dodgers' broadcast crew, was originally selected to work with Allen on NBC, but was removed from the Series due to a salary dispute with Gillette, which sponsored the broadcasts. Scully, at the age of 25, became the youngest man to broadcast a World Series game (a record that stands to this day).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071123-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 World Sportscar Championship\nThe 1953 World Sportscar Championship was the first FIA World Sportscar Championship. It was a seven race  international motor racing series for sports cars contested from 8 March to 23 November 1953. The championship was won by Ferrari.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071123-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 World Sportscar Championship, Season\nThe 1953 World Sports Car Championship was contested over a seven race series. Now legendary and shockingly dangerous races such as the Mille Miglia and the Carrera Panamericana were part of an international race calendar, accompanied by the 24 Hours of Le Mans and 24 Hours of Spa, with the inaugural race being the 12 Hours of Sebring in the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 41], "content_span": [42, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071123-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 World Sportscar Championship, Season\nThe Championship was for manufacturers, and works teams such as Scuderia Ferrari, Lancia, Aston Martin and Jaguar leading the way, but the majority of the fields were made up of amateur or gentlemen drivers, often up against professional racing drivers with experience in Formula One. Sometimes, even the Drivers World Champion joined in.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 41], "content_span": [42, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071123-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 World Sportscar Championship, Season\nEntries were divided into classes based on engine displacement. Scuderia Ferrari were a dominant force in 1953, winning three of the seven races.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 41], "content_span": [42, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071123-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 World Sportscar Championship, Season results, Championship\nChampionship points were awarded for the first six places in each race in the order of 8-6-4-3-2-1. Manufacturers were only awarded points for their highest finishing car with no points awarded for positions filled by additional cars. Only the best 4 results out of the 7 races could be retained by each manufacturer. Points earned but not counted towards the championship totals are listed within brackets in the above table.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 63], "content_span": [64, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071123-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 World Sportscar Championship, The cars\nThe following models contributed to the net championship point scores of their respective manufacturers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071124-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 World Table Tennis Championships\nThe 1953 World Table Tennis Championships were held at the Floreasca and Dynamo Halls in Bucharest from March 20 to March 29, 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071125-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Doubles\nThe 1953 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Doubles was the 20th edition of the men's doubles championship. Ferenc Sid\u00f3 and J\u00f3zsef K\u00f3czi\u00e1n won the title after defeating Richard Bergmann and Johnny Leach in the final by three sets to two.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071126-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nThe 1953 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Singles was the 20th edition of the men's singles championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071126-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nFerenc Sid\u00f3 defeated Ivan Andreadis in the final, winning three sets to nil to secure the title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071127-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Team\nThe 1953 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Swaythling Cup (Men's Team) was the 20th edition of the men's team championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071127-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Team\nEngland won the gold medal defeating Hungary 5-3 in the final. Czechoslovakia and France both won a bronze medal after finishing second in their respective groups.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071128-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Mixed Doubles\nThe 1953 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Mixed Doubles was the 20th edition of the mixed doubles championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071128-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Mixed Doubles\nFerenc Sid\u00f3 and Angelica Rozeanu defeated \u017darko Dolinar and Ermelinde Wertl in the final by three sets to two.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071129-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Women's Doubles\nThe 1953 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Women's Doubles was the 19th edition of the women's doubles championship. Gizi Farkas and Angelica Rozeanu defeated Diane Rowe and Rosalind Rowe in the final by three sets to one.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071130-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Women's Singles\nThe 1953 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Women's Singles was the 20th edition of the women's singles championship. Angelica Rozeanu defeated Gizi Farkas in the final by three sets to one, to win a fourth consecutive title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071131-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Women's Team\nThe 1953 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Corbillon Cup (Women's Team) was the 13th edition of the women's team championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071131-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Women's Team\nRomania won the gold medal defeating England 3-0 in the final. Austria and Hungary won bronze medals after finishing second in their respective groups.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071132-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 World Weightlifting Championships\nThe 1953 Men's World Weightlifting Championships were held in Stockholm, Sweden from August 26 to August 28, 1953. There were 70 men in action from 19 nations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071133-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 World Wrestling Championships\nThe 1953 World Greco-Roman Wrestling Championship were held in Naples, Italy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071134-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Wyoming Cowboys football team\nThe 1953 Wyoming Cowboys football team represented the University of Wyoming in the Skyline Conference during the 1953 college football season. In their first season under head coach Phil Dickens, the Cowboys compiled a 5\u20134\u20131 record (4\u20132\u20131 against Skyline opponents), finished third in the conference, and outscored opponents by a total of 195 to 110.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071135-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Yale Bulldogs football team\nThe 1953 Yale Bulldogs football team represented Yale University in the 1953 college football season. The Bulldogs were led by second-year head coach Jordan Olivar, played their home games at the Yale Bowl and finished the season with a 5\u20132\u20132 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071136-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Yenice\u2013G\u00f6nen earthquake\nThe 1953 Yenice\u2013G\u00f6nen earthquake occurred at 21:06 local time (19:06 UTC on 18 March in the province of \u00c7anakkale and Bal\u0131kesir in the Marmara Region at western Turkey. It had a magnitude 7.5 on the surface wave magnitude scale and a maximum felt intensity of IX (Violent) on the Mercalli intensity scale. It caused widespread damage, killing 1,070 and causing damage that was estimated at US$3,570,000 repair value.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071136-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Yenice\u2013G\u00f6nen earthquake, Tectonic setting\nThe tectonics of northern and eastern Turkey are dominated by the two strike-slip fault zones that accommodate the west to southwestward movement of the Anatolian Plate relative to the Eurasian Plate and the Arabian Plate as it is effectively being squeezed out by convergence between them. The quake occurred along the Yenice\u2013G\u00f6nen Fault, which is a southern extension of the North Anatolian Fault Zone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 46], "content_span": [47, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071136-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Yenice\u2013G\u00f6nen earthquake, Damage and casualties\nThe quake had a surface wave magnitude of 7.3 and it killed at least 1070; 998 of those deaths were in Yenice, with another 50 in G\u00f6nen, 20 in \u00c7an, and 3 in Manyas. The cost of repair was estimated at US$3,570,000. Several thousand buildings were affected in the Can-Yenice-Gonen area. Damage of intensity VI occurred at Sakarya (Adapazari), Bursa, Edirne, Istanbul and Izmir. The quake was felt throughout the Aegean Islands and in much of mainland Greece, with damage occurring as far away as Crete. Shaking was also recorded in Bulgaria.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 51], "content_span": [52, 592]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071136-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Yenice\u2013G\u00f6nen earthquake, Damage and casualties\nAlthough officials predicted the earthquake would cause only 265 deaths, it multiplied with a death toll seven times the number as expected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 51], "content_span": [52, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071136-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Yenice\u2013G\u00f6nen earthquake, Characteristics\nApproximately 70\u00a0km (43\u00a0mi) of surface faulting occurred, with as much as 4.3\u00a0m (14\u00a0ft) of strike-slip (horizontal) faulting was observed by geologists east of Yenice.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 45], "content_span": [46, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071136-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Yenice\u2013G\u00f6nen earthquake, Aftermath\nThe damage caused by this earthquake led to a new national reconstruction law in Turkey. In Greece the damage was severe enough that new building codes were introduced.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 39], "content_span": [40, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071136-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 Yenice\u2013G\u00f6nen earthquake, Future seismic hazard\nTrenching and other fieldwork along the trace of the Yenice\u2013G\u00f6nen Fault has identified three earthquakes before the 1953 event, about 1440 AD, between 620 and 1270 AD, and another event of uncertain age. These past events give a mean recurrence interval for large earthquakes of 660\u00b1160 years. This indicates that there is no significant current threat from ruptures along this fault zone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 51], "content_span": [52, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071137-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Yugoslav Cup\nThe 1953 Yugoslav Cup was the 7th season of the top football knockout competition in SFR Yugoslavia, the Yugoslav Cup (Serbo-Croatian: Kup Jugoslavije), also known as the \"Marshal Tito Cup\" (Kup Mar\u0161ala Tita), since its establishment in 1946.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071137-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Yugoslav Cup, Round of 16\nIn the following tables winning teams are marked in bold; teams from outside top level are marked in italic script.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071138-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Yugoslav First Basketball League\nThe 1953 Yugoslav First Basketball League season is the 9th season of the Yugoslav First Basketball League, the highest professional basketball league in SFR Yugoslavia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071139-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Yugoslav Women's Basketball League\nThe 1953 Yugoslav Women's Basketball League is the 9th season of the Yugoslav Women's Basketball League, the highest professional basketball league in Yugoslavia for women's. Championships is played in 1953 and played four teams. Champion for this season is Crvena zvezda.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071140-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Yugoslav constitutional amendments\nThe 1953 Yugoslav Constitutional Law was a big packet of constitutional amendments to the 1946 Yugoslav Constitution, with the goal of introducing the idea of self-management in the constitutional matter of the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia. It came into effect on January 13, 1953. The amended 1946 constitution would remain in power until the adoption of the 1963 Yugoslav Constitution.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071140-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Yugoslav constitutional amendments\nThis packet of constitutional amendments was approved at the sixth congress of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia. It partially separated party and state political functions and granted some civil and political rights to individuals and constituent republics. It further established legal foundations for workers' control over enterprises and expanded local governmental power. It established the Federal People's Assembly with two houses: a Federal Chamber, directly representing the regions, and a Chamber of Producers, representing economic enterprises and worker groups.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 618]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071140-0001-0001", "contents": "1953 Yugoslav constitutional amendments\nThe executive branch of the federal government (Federal Executive Council or FEC) included only the five ministries dealing with national affairs and foreign policy. The League of Communists retained exclusive political control, based on the Leninist credo that the state bureaucracy would wither away, and that a multiparty system would only bring more cumbersome bureaucratic institutions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071140-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Yugoslav constitutional amendments, Regulations\nOn the basis of the political and social order, social ownership on the means of production, self-producers in the economy, self-management of working people in the municipality, the city and the county and self-working people in the fields of education, culture and social services was declared.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 52], "content_span": [53, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071140-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Yugoslav constitutional amendments, Regulations\nYugoslavia was proclaimed a socialist, democratic, federal state of sovereign and equal nations. All power in the country belonged to the working people through their representatives in the various bodies, as well as directly - election, revocation of representatives, assemblies, councils and other forms of self-government, which was declared a basis for the entire organization.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 52], "content_span": [53, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071140-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Yugoslav constitutional amendments, Regulations\nIn the field of the representative body this was reflected in the introduction of the Council of Producers, as the home of the representatives of professions, in addition to a political home. The dichotomous principle of separation of powers was abandoned, and the Federal National Assembly was proclaimed the supreme representative of people's sovereignty and the highest authority of the federation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 52], "content_span": [53, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071140-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 Yugoslav constitutional amendments, Regulations\nUntil then, the highest existing executive body, the Presidium of the National Assembly of FNRJ and the Government of FNRJ were replaced with two executive authorities of the Federal People's Assembly - the President of the Republic and the Federal Executive Council (known as FEC), who were responsible for the assembly work, at least on paper. President of the Republic was also the president of the Federal Executive Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 52], "content_span": [53, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071140-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 Yugoslav constitutional amendments, Regulations\nDemocratic centralism was also abandoned, the rights of the republics and autonomous regions were increased, and in the municipality, the city and the county self-management was introduced.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 52], "content_span": [53, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071141-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 Yugoslavian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Yugoslavia between 22 and 24 November 1953. Candidates backed by the LCY-dominated Socialist Alliance of Working People of Yugoslavia won every seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071141-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 Yugoslavian parliamentary election, Background\nA new electoral law was adopted in September 1953, introducing several reforms. Candidates no longer being nominated by the Socialist Alliance but could self-nominate with either the support of a voters' meeting or 200 signatures. It was also required that there be at least two candidates in each constituency. For the first time, paper ballots were used, with voters marking their ballot paper in closed booths.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 51], "content_span": [52, 465]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071141-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 Yugoslavian parliamentary election, Background\nThe 282 deputies of the Federal Assembly included 116 from Serbia, 66 from Croatia, 48 from Bosnia and Herzegovina, 24 from Slovenia, 21 from Macedonia and 7 from Montenegro.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 51], "content_span": [52, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071141-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 Yugoslavian parliamentary election, Results\nWith multiple candidates allowed, the elections saw some serious contests, with 14 non-Alliance candidates running in Macedonia, although two of them were withdrawn shortly before election day. However, candidates supported by the Alliance won in every seat and it was reported that Alliance candidates had received 95.3% of the vote, with voter turnout at 89%. Milovan \u0110ilas received the highest vote share of any candidate (98.8%), with Josip Broz Tito receiving 97.7%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071141-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 Yugoslavian parliamentary election, Results\nAfter losing by a narrow margin, former diplomat Ljubo Drndi\u0107 requested a recount. However, he was publicly admonished and threatened with legal action.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071142-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 college football season\nThe 1953 college football season finished with the Maryland Terrapins capturing the AP, INS, and UPI national championship after Notre Dame held the top spot for the first nine weeks. The No. 4 Oklahoma Sooners defeated Maryland in the Orange Bowl, but there was no further polling after the November 30 results were released. However, Notre Dame was selected as the National Champions by 10 other polls and the Oklahoma Sooners received first in two polls.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071142-0000-0001", "contents": "1953 college football season\nHowever, despite the team receiving National Championship rings, the University of Notre Dame does not recognize this title due to their policy of only recognizing AP or coaches' poll titles during the polling era (1936\u2013present). Maryland was also the first champion of the Atlantic Coast Conference, which had been formed earlier in 1953 by seven colleges formerly with the Southern Conference. The year 1953 also saw the Michigan State Spartans, previously an independent, join the Big Nine Conference, which then became the Big Ten; MSU won the conference title in that first year and was the conference representative to the Rose Bowl, which it won 28\u201320 over UCLA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 698]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071142-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 college football season\nDuring the 20th century, the NCAA had no playoff for the college football teams that would later be described as \"Division I-A\". The NCAA did recognize a national champion based upon the final results of \"wire service\" (AP and UPI) polls. The extent of that recognition came in the form of acknowledgment in the annual NCAA Football Guide of the \"unofficial\" national champions. The AP poll in 1953 consisted of the votes of as many as 378 sportswriters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071142-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 college football season\nThough not all writers voted in every poll, each would give their opinion of the twenty best teams. Under a point system of 20 points for first place, 19 for second, etc., the \"overall\" ranking was determined. Although the rankings were based on the collective opinion of the representative sportswriters, the teams that remained \"unbeaten and untied\" were generally ranked higher than those that had not. A defeat, even against a strong opponent, tended to cause a team to drop in the rankings, and a team with two or more defeats was unlikely to remain in the Top 20. Generally, the top teams played on New Year's Day in the four major postseason bowl games: the Rose Bowl (near Los Angeles at Pasadena), the Sugar Bowl (New Orleans), the Orange Bowl (Miami), and the Cotton Bowl (Dallas).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 820]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071142-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 college football season, September\nIn the preseason poll released on September 14, 1953, Notre Dame was rated first, followed by the defending champion, Michigan State, Georgia Tech, UCLA, and Alabama. As the regular season progressed, a new poll would be issued on the Monday following the weekend's games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 39], "content_span": [40, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071142-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 college football season, September\nIn a Friday night game at Los Angeles, No. 4 UCLA beat Oregon State 41\u20130. Meanwhile, at Montgomery, AL, No. 5 Alabama was shocked by Southern Mississippi, 25\u201319. The next day, September 19 No. 3 Georgia Tech beat Davidson, 53\u20130. Notre Dame and Michigan State began their seasons the following week.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 39], "content_span": [40, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071142-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 college football season, September\nOn September 26 No. 1 Notre Dame won 28\u201321 at No. 6 Oklahoma. No. 2 Michigan State won at Iowa, 21\u20137. No. 3 Georgia Tech went to No. 15 Florida and was held to a 0\u20130 tie. No. 4 UCLA beat Kansas 19\u20137. Still at No. 5, Alabama, trying to salvage some respect against a second unranked opponent, went to 0\u20131\u20131 after a 7\u20137 tie against LSU in Mobile; in the poll that followed, the Crimson Tide fell completely out of the Top 20. No. 9 Maryland, which had won 52\u20130 at Washington and Lee, rose to third, and previously unranked Michigan (a 50\u20130 victor over Wisconsin, entered the poll at fourth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 39], "content_span": [40, 628]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071142-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 college football season, October\nOctober 3 With the exception of No. 4 Michigan, which beat Tulane 26\u20137 at home, the other top teams won on the road, with No. 1 Notre Dame at Purdue, 37\u20137,  No. 2 Michigan State at Minnesota 21\u20130, No. 3 Maryland at Clemson, 20\u20130, and No. 5 UCLA defeated Oregon 12\u20130 in an away game. No. 6 Ohio State, which won 33\u201319 at California, rose to third in the next poll, knocking UCLA out. The Big Ten had three of the spots in the top five:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071142-0007-0000", "contents": "1953 college football season, October\nOctober 10 No. 1 Notre Dame was idle, but stayed at No. 1 after No. 2 Michigan State's 26\u201319 win over TCU. No. 4 Maryland won 40\u201313 over Georgia and No. 5 Michigan edged Iowa 14\u201313. The night before, No. 3 Ohio State had lost 40\u201321 to Illinois, while No. 6 UCLA returned to the top bracket with a 13\u20130 win over visiting Wisconsin. The poll: 1.Notre Dame 2.Michigan State 3.Maryland 4.UCLA 5.Michigan", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071142-0008-0000", "contents": "1953 college football season, October\nOctober 17 No. 1 Notre Dame beat Pittsburgh 23\u201314. No. 2 Michigan State defeated Indiana 47\u201318. No. 3 Maryland won 26\u20130 at North Carolina. No. 4 UCLA lost at Stanford, 21\u201320. No. 5 Michigan beat Northwestern 20\u201312. No. 6 Georgia Tech, which beat Auburn 36\u20136, took UCLA's place in the next poll: 1.Notre Dame 2.Michigan State 3.Maryland 4. Georgia Tech 5.Michigan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071142-0009-0000", "contents": "1953 college football season, October\nOctober 24 No. 1 Notre Dame stayed unbeaten with a 27\u201314 win over No. 4 Georgia Tech. No. 2 Michigan State lost 6\u20130 at Purdue and No. 5 Michigan lost at Minnesota 22\u20130. No. 3 Maryland won a Friday game at Miami, 30\u20130. Coming into the Top Five were No. 6 Baylor (14\u201313 over Texas A&M), 7 Illinois (20\u201313 over Syracuse), and No. 8 West Virginia (52\u201320 over VMI). The poll: 1.Notre Dame 2.Maryland 3.Baylor 4.Illinois 5. West Virginia", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071142-0010-0000", "contents": "1953 college football season, October\nOctober 31 No. 1 Notre Dame beat Navy 38\u20137. No. 2 Maryland beat South Carolina 24\u20136. No. 3 Baylor beat TCU 25\u20137. No. 4 Illinois defeated Purdue 21\u20130. beat Oregon State 34\u20136. No. 5 West Virginia won at Penn State 20\u201319. No. 6 Michigan State, which beat Oregon State 34\u20136, rose to fifth. The poll: 1.Notre Dame 2.Maryland 3.Baylor 4.Illinois 5.Michigan State", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071142-0011-0000", "contents": "1953 college football season, November\nNovember 7 No. 1 Notre Dame won 28\u201320 at Penn. No. 2 Maryland beat George Washington University 27\u20136 at a game in Washington, DC. No. 3 Baylor lost at Texas, 21\u201320. No. 4 Illinois beat Michigan 9\u20133. No. 5 Michigan State won 28\u201313 at Ohio State, but still dropped in the poll. No. 6 Georgia Tech, which beat Clemson 20\u20137, rose to fifth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071142-0012-0000", "contents": "1953 college football season, November\nNovember 14 No. 1 Notre Dame won at North Carolina, 34\u201314, and No. 2 Maryland beat Mississippi 38\u20130 as both stayed unbeaten and untied. No. 4 Michigan State beat Michigan 14\u20136. On the other hand, No. 3 Illinois lost to Wisconsin, 34\u20137 and No. 5 Georgia Tech fell 13\u20136 to Alabama in a game at Birmingham. Returning to the Top Five to take their place were No. 6 Oklahoma and No. 7 UCLA, which had defeated Iowa (47\u20130) and Washington (22\u20136), respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071142-0013-0000", "contents": "1953 college football season, November\nNovember 21 Number one since the season began, No. 1 Notre Dame played to a 14\u201314 tie with Iowa. No. 2 Maryland closed its season with a 21\u20130 win over Alabama to finish the season unbeaten and untied, at 10\u20130\u20130, to take the top rung on the AP poll. No. 3 Michigan State  closed with a 21\u201315 win over Marquette. No. 4 Oklahoma beat Nebraska 30\u20137, and No. 5 UCLA beat USC, 13\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071142-0014-0000", "contents": "1953 college football season, November\nNovember 28 The new No. 1, Maryland, had already finished its season. No. 2 Notre Dame, with a 48\u201314 win at USC, and No. 4 Oklahoma (42\u20137 over Oklahoma State) were the only Top Five members who hadn't closed their seasons. The following Saturday, December 5, Notre Dame beat visiting SMU 40\u201314.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071142-0015-0000", "contents": "1953 college football season, November\nIn the Final AP poll, released November 30, No. 1 Maryland, the only unbeaten and untied team, received 187 first place votes, and unbeaten, but once-tied No. 2 Notre Dame had 141 votes. ACC member Maryland accepted a bid to the Orange Bowl to meet once-beaten (8\u20131\u20131), Big 7 champ, and No. 4 Oklahoma, while No. 3 Michigan State and No. 5 UCLA would meet in the Rose Bowl. Notre Dame declined to participate in a postseason game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071142-0016-0000", "contents": "1953 college football season, Postseason\nAfter the AP National Champion Maryland lost in the Orange Bowl, there was a lot of controversy since the AP Poll had been finalized beforehand and could not be changed to take this result into account. This Maryland loss resulted in Notre Dame being ranked No. 1 by 10 polls, including Billingsley , Boand, DeVold, Dunkel, National Championship Foundation, Williamson, and several others. As a reward for beating the Terrapins, the Sooners received No. 1 from Berryman and Football Research.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 40], "content_span": [41, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071143-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 in Afghanistan\nThe following lists events that happened during 1953 in Afghanistan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071143-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 in Afghanistan\nThe Kabul government sends a strongly worded note of protest to Karachi over the bombing of the tribal villages in the Afridi area, pointing out that such bombing breaks the Anglo-Afghan agreement under which both parties promised to consult the other before taking any punitive measures against the border people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071143-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 in Afghanistan, 1953\nThe government appropriates 120,000,000 Afghanis for oil exploitation and 8,000,000 Afghanis for improvement of existing transport facilities. The Helmand valley irrigation projects are coordinated under a specially appointed development board. This board will have under its control the two large irrigation and hydroelectric power dams of Arghandab and Kajakai as well as the Nahr-i-Boghra 154-km-long canal. The two major dams will irrigate 650,000 ac of formerly arid land, and the new power stations will have a generating capacity of more than 200,000\u00a0kW. These projects have cost the country more than $60,000,000 since their inception in 1946.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 25], "content_span": [26, 677]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071143-0002-0001", "contents": "1953 in Afghanistan, 1953\nIn addition to these projects, the Sarobi hydroelectric power plant about 65\u00a0km downstream from Kabul enters its third and last phase; it will have a generating capacity of 24,000\u00a0kW. The main use of the power will be to run the Gul-Bahar textile mill of 1,800 looms, which will substantially increase the cloth production that by 1953 stands at 10,000,000 m per year from the four existing mills. Coal production was increased by one-third during 1952\u201353 to 14,500 tons yearly. Plans in hand call for the opening of new collieries which will treble the 1953 output. Deposits of talc, mica, silver, lead, beryl, chromite, copper, lapis lazuli, and iron ore have been mapped and are to be worked.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 25], "content_span": [26, 721]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071143-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 in Afghanistan, September 1953\nThe elderly and ailing Sardar Shah Mahmud Khan, the king's uncle, prime minister since May 1946, resigns and is succeeded by Lieut. Gen. Sardar Mohammad Daud Khan, a younger member of the ruling family.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 35], "content_span": [36, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071143-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 in Afghanistan, November 26, 1953\nA new Afghan ambassador, Ghulam Yahia Khan Tarzi, arrives in Moscow. On December 24 a protocol is signed at Kabul concerning trade between the U.S.S.R. and Afghanistan for 1954, according to which deliveries by both sides are to be increased. Soviet diplomacy has decided to support Afghanistan against Pakistan by fanning the Afghans' fear that their neighbour will grow stronger because of U.S. military assistance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 38], "content_span": [39, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071144-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 in Australia\nThe following lists events that happened during 1953 in Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 84]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071144-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 in Australia, Science and technology\nThe first town to fluoridate the water supply in Australia was Beaconsfield, Tasmania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 41], "content_span": [42, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071145-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 in Australian literature\nThis article presents a list of the historical events and publications of Australian literature during 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071145-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 in Australian literature, Births\nA list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1953 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071145-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 in Australian literature, Deaths\nA list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1953 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071148-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 in Brazilian football\nThe following article presents a summary of the 1953 football (soccer) season in Brazil, which was the 52nd season of competitive football in the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071148-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 in Brazilian football, State championship champions\n(2)In 1953, two competitions were contested in Rio de Janeiro. The first one was a regular state championship, played only by Vale do Para\u00edba teams and the second one was named Supercampeonato (Superchampionship), which was an extra tournament played by the champions of Niter\u00f3i, Campos dos Goytacazes and Vale do Para\u00edba local competitions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 56], "content_span": [57, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071148-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 in Brazilian football, Brazil national team\nThe following table lists all the games played by the Brazil national football team in official competitions and friendly matches during 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 48], "content_span": [49, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071149-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 in British music\nThis is a summary of 1953 in music in the United Kingdom, including the official charts from that year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071150-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 in British radio\nThis is a list of events from British radio in 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 74]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071151-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 in British television\nThis is a list of British television related events from 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071153-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 in Cambodia\nThe following lists events that happened during 1953 in Cambodia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 82]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071155-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 in Canadian football\nThe Hamilton Tiger-Cats defeated the Winnipeg Blue Bombers in the annual Grey Cup in 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071155-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 in Canadian football, Canadian Football News in 1953\nThe Canadian Rugby Union was paid in total of $20,500 by three television stations for the rights to show the Grey Cup game live. Edmonton's Billy Vessels (RB), became the first player to win the Schenley Award as the Most Outstanding Player Award. G. Sydney Halter, QC was named as WIFU Commissioner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 57], "content_span": [58, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071155-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 in Canadian football, Canadian Football News in 1953\nFor the 1953 season, it was ruled that the ORFU winners would travel west to play the WIFU winners in a semi-final game. This arrangement continued in the 1954 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 57], "content_span": [58, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071155-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 in Canadian football, Regular season, Final regular season standings\nNote: GP = Games Played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, PF = Points For, PA = Points Against, Pts = Points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 73], "content_span": [74, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071155-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 in Canadian football, Grey Cup Championship\n41st Annual Grey Cup Game: Varsity Stadium \u2013 Toronto, Ontario", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 48], "content_span": [49, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071155-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 in Canadian football, 1953 Ontario Rugby Football Union All-Stars\nNOTE: During this time most players played both ways, so the All-Star selections do not distinguish between some offensive and defensive positions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 70], "content_span": [71, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071156-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 in Canadian television\nThis is a list of Canadian television-related events in 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071157-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 in Cape Verde\nThe following lists events that happened during 1953 in Cape Verde.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 86]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071158-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 in Chile\nThe following lists events that happened during 1953 in Chile.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 76]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071159-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 in China\nEvents in the year 1953 in the People's Republic of China.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 72]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071161-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 in Estonia\nThis article lists events that occurred during 1953 in Estonia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 79]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071163-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 in French Indochina\nThe following lists events that happened during 1953 in French Indochina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071165-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 in Iceland\nThe following lists events that happened in 1953 in Iceland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 76]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071166-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 in India\nEvents in the year 1953 in the Republic of India.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 63]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071169-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 in Israel, Events, Israeli\u2013Palestinian conflict\nThe most prominent events related to the Israeli\u2013Palestinian conflict that occurred during 1953 include:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 52], "content_span": [53, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071169-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 in Israel, Events, Israeli\u2013Palestinian conflict\nThe most prominent Palestinian fedayeen terror attacks committed against Israelis during 1953 include:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 52], "content_span": [53, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071169-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 in Israel, Events, Israeli\u2013Palestinian conflict\nThe most prominent Israeli military counter-terrorism operations (military campaigns and military operations) carried out against Palestinian militants during 1953 include:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 52], "content_span": [53, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071169-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 in Israel, Unspecified dates\nThe following events took place during 1953 (dates not specified):", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 33], "content_span": [34, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071170-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 in Italian television\nThis is a list of Italian television related events from 1953..", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 90]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071170-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 in Italian television, Events\n-  the match Inter-Fiorentina for the Serie A 1953-1954, won by Inter 2-1;", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 34], "content_span": [35, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071170-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 in Italian television, Events\n-  a 50 kilometres race walk in Abbiategrasso won by Giuseppe Dordoni (the athlete is also the first guest in studio of the show);", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 34], "content_span": [35, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071171-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 in Japan, Events\nA flood swept damage in Kokura of 1953 North Kyushu flood", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 21], "content_span": [22, 79]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071172-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 in Jordan\nThe following lists events that happened during 1953 in Jordan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 78]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071173-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 in Laos\nThe following lists events that happened during 1953 in Laos.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 74]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071174-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 in Libya\nThe following lists events that happened in 1953 in Libya.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 72]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071175-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 in Luxembourg\nThe following lists events that happened during 1953 in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071175-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 in Luxembourg, Events, January \u2013 March\n26 February - 21 April 1953 - Battle of Chatkol during the Korean War. Luxembourg soldiers fought against 55 consecutive nights of Chinese assaults.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 43], "content_span": [44, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071176-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 in Malaya\nThis article lists important figures and events in Malayan public affairs during the year 1953, together with births and deaths of significant Malayans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071177-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 in Michigan, Top stories\nThe Associated Press polled editors of its member newspapers in Michigan and ranked the state's top news stories of 1953 as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 29], "content_span": [30, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071177-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 in Michigan, Top stories\nVoting on the top stories ended before the 1953 Detroit Lions won the 1953 NFL Championship Game on December 27.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 29], "content_span": [30, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071177-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 in Michigan, Population\nIn the 1950 United States Census, Michigan was recorded as having a population of 6,421,000 persons, ranking as the seventh most populous state in the country. By 1960, the state's population had grown 22.8% to 7,823,194 persons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 28], "content_span": [29, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071177-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 in Michigan, Population, Cities\nThe following is a list of cities in Michigan with a population of at least 40,000 based on 1950 U.S. Census data. Historic census data from 1940 and 1960 is included to reflect trends in population increases or decreases. Cities that are part of the Detroit metropolitan area are shaded in tan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 36], "content_span": [37, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071177-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 in Michigan, Population, Counties\nThe following is a list of counties in Michigan with populations of at least 100,000 based on 1950 U.S. Census data. Historic census data from 1940 and 1960 are included to reflect trends in population increases or decreases. Counties that are part of the Detroit metropolitan area are shaded in tan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 38], "content_span": [39, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071178-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 in New Zealand\nThe following lists events that happened during  1953 in New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071178-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 in New Zealand, Incumbents, Government\nThe 30th New Zealand Parliament continued. The National Party was in its second term in office under Sidney Holland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 43], "content_span": [44, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071178-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 in New Zealand, Arts and literature, Film\nSee : Category:1953 film awards, 1953 in film, List of New Zealand feature films, Cinema of New Zealand, Category:1953 films", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 46], "content_span": [47, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071178-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 in New Zealand, Sport, Lawn bowls\nThe national outdoor lawn bowls championships are held in Auckland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 38], "content_span": [39, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071183-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 in Norwegian music\nThe following is a list of notable events and releases of the year 1953 in Norwegian music.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071185-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 in Portugal, Sport\nIn association football, for the first-tier league seasons, see 1952\u201353 Primeira Divis\u00e3o and 1953\u201354 Primeira Divis\u00e3o; for the Ta\u00e7a de Portugal seasons, see 1952\u201353 Ta\u00e7a de Portugal and 1953\u201354 Ta\u00e7a de Portugal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 23], "content_span": [24, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071187-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 in Scottish television\nThis is a list of events in Scottish television from 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 86]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071188-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 in South Africa\nThe following lists events that happened during 1953 in South Africa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 90]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071188-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 in South Africa, Railways, Locomotives\nTwo new Cape gauge locomotive types enter service on the South African Railways (SAR):", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 43], "content_span": [44, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071192-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 in Taiwan\nEvents from the year 1953 in Taiwan, Republic of China. This year is numbered Minguo 42 according to the official Republic of China calendar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071193-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 in Thailand\nThe year 1953 was the 172nd year of the Rattanakosin Kingdom of Thailand. It was the 8th year in the reign of King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX), and is reckoned as year 2496 in the Buddhist Era.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071195-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 in Wales\nThis article is about the particular significance of the year 1953 to Wales and its people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071199-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 in association football\nThe following are the football (soccer) events of the year 1953 throughout the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071201-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 in baseball\nThe following are the baseball events of the year 1953  throughout the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071202-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 in country music\nThis is a list of notable events in country music that took place in the year 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071203-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 in film, Top-grossing films (U.S.)\nThe top ten 1953 released films by box office gross in North America are as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 39], "content_span": [40, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071204-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 in fine arts of the Soviet Union\nThe year 1953 was marked by many events that left an imprint on the history of Soviet and Russian Fine Arts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071205-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 in jazz\nThis is a timeline documenting events of Jazz in the year 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 76]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071207-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 in motorsport\nThe following is an overview of the events of 1953 in motorsport including the major racing events, motorsport venues that were opened and closed during a year, championships and non-championship events that were established and disestablished in a year, and births and deaths of racing drivers and other motorsport people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071207-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 in motorsport, Annual events\nThe calendar includes only annual major non-championship events or annual events that had own significance separate from the championship. For the dates of the championship events see related season articles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 33], "content_span": [34, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071208-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 in music\nThis is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071208-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 in music, Biggest hit singles\nThe following singles achieved the highest  in the limited set of charts available for 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 34], "content_span": [35, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071208-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 in music, US No. 1 hit singles\nThese singles reached the top of US Billboard magazine's charts in 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 35], "content_span": [36, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071209-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 in paleontology\nPaleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071209-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 in paleontology, Plants, Angiosperms\nA mallow relative. moved from Porana speirii (1883) Moved to Florissantia speirii (1992)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 41], "content_span": [42, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071210-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 in poetry\nNationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071210-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 in poetry, Works published in English\nListed by nation where the work was first published and again by the poet's native land, if different; substantially revised works listed separately:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 42], "content_span": [43, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071210-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 in poetry, Works published in English, United Kingdom, Poets in the anthology Images of Tomorrow\nJohn Heath-Stubbs edited this volume, published in the United Kingdom, which included poems from these writers:Dannie Abse \u2013 Drummond Allison \u2013 Eurasia Anderson  - William Bell \u2013 Thomas Blackburn \u2013 Maurice Carpenter  - Alex Comfort \u2013 Yorke Crompton \u2013 N. K. Cruikshank \u2013 Keith Douglas \u2013 George Every \u2013 John Fairfax \u2013 G. S. Fraser \u2013 John Gibbs \u2013 W. S. Graham  - F. Pratt Green \u2013 J. C. Hall \u2013 Michael Hamburger \u2013 John Heath-Stubbs \u2013 Glyn Jones \u2013 Sidney Keyes \u2013 Francis King \u2013 James Kirkup \u2013 Norman Nicholson \u2013 I. R. Orton \u2013 Michael Paffard \u2013 Kathleen Raine \u2013 Anne Ridler \u2013 Walter Roberts \u2013 W. R. Rodgers \u2013 Joseph Rykwert \u2013 John Smith \u2013 Muriel Spark \u2013 Derek Stanford \u2013 J. Ormond Thomas \u2013 W. Price Turner \u2013 John Wain \u2013 John Waller  \u2013 Vernon Watkins \u2013 Gordon Wharton  - Margaret Willy \u2013 David Wright", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 101], "content_span": [102, 895]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071210-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 in poetry, Works published in other languages, India\nIn each section, listed in alphabetical order by first name:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 57], "content_span": [58, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071210-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 in poetry, Deaths\nBirth years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071211-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 in professional wrestling\n1953 in professional wrestling describes the year's events in the world of professional wrestling.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071212-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 in radio\nThe year 1953 saw a number of significant happenings in radio broadcasting history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071213-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 in rail transport\nThis article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071214-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 in science\nThe year 1953 involved numerous significant events in science and technology, including the first description of the DNA double helix, the discovery of neutrinos, and the release of the first polio vaccine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071215-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 in spaceflight\nThe year 1953 saw the rockoon join the stable of sounding rockets capable of reaching beyond the 100 kilometres (62\u00a0mi) boundary of space (as defined by the World Air Sports Federation). Employed by both the University of Iowa and the Naval Research Laboratory, 22 total were launched from the decks of the USS\u00a0Staten Island and the USCGC\u00a0Eastwind this year. All branches of the United States military continued their program of Aerobee sounding rocket launches, a total of 23 were launched throughout 1953. The Soviet Union launched no soundring rockets in 1953; however, the Soviet Union did conduct several series of missile test launches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 662]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071215-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 in spaceflight\nBoth the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics continued their development of ballistic missiles: the United States Air Force with its Atlas ICBM, the United States Army with its Redstone SRBM, the Soviet OKB-1 with its R-5 IRBM, and Soviet Factory 586 with its R-12 IRBM. None entered active service during 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071215-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 in spaceflight\nThe first meeting of the Comit\u00e9 Speciale de l'Ann\u00e9e G\u00e9ophysique Internationale (CSAGI), a special committee of the International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU), began preliminary coordination of the  International Geophysical Year (IGY), scheduled for 1957-58.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071215-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 in spaceflight, Space exploration highlights, US Navy\nOn 25 May 1953, Viking 10, originally planned to be the last of the Naval Research Laboratory-built Viking rockets, arrived at White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico. A successful static firing on 18 June cleared the way for a 30 June launch date, a schedule that had been made months prior, before the rocket had even left the Glenn L. Martin Company plant where it had been built. At the moment of liftoff, the tail of Viking 10 exploded, setting the rocket afire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 58], "content_span": [59, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071215-0003-0001", "contents": "1953 in spaceflight, Space exploration highlights, US Navy\nWater was immediately flooded into the rocket's base in an attempt to extinguish the fire, but flames continued to burn in the East Quadrant of the firing platform. Half an hour after launch, two of the launch team under manager Milton Rosen were dispatched to put out the fire to salvage what remained of the rocket.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 58], "content_span": [59, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071215-0004-0000", "contents": "1953 in spaceflight, Space exploration highlights, US Navy\nThough successful, these efforts were then threatened by a slow leak in the propellant tank. The vacuum created by the departing fuel was causing the tank to dimple with the danger of implosion that would cause the rocket to collapse. Lieutenant Joseph Pitts, a member of the launch team, shot a rifle round into the tank, equalizing the pressure and saving the rocket. Three hours after the attempted launch, the last of the alcohol propellant had been drained from Viking 10. The launch team was able to salvage the instrument package of cameras, including X-ray detectors, cosmic ray emulsions, and a radio-frequency mass-spectrometer, valued at tens of thousands of dollars, although there was concern that the rocket was irreparable.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 58], "content_span": [59, 797]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071215-0005-0000", "contents": "1953 in spaceflight, Space exploration highlights, US Navy\nA thorough investigation of the explosion began in July, but a conclusive cause could not be determined. In a reported presented in September, Milton Rosen noted that a similar occurrence had not happened in more than 100 prior tests of the Viking motor. It was decided to rebuild Viking 10, and a program for closer monitoring of potential fail points was implemented for the next launch, scheduled for 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 58], "content_span": [59, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071215-0006-0000", "contents": "1953 in spaceflight, Space exploration highlights, American civilian efforts\nAfter the successful field tests of balloon-launched rockets (rockoons) the previous year, a University of Iowa physics team embarked on a second rockoon expedition aboard the USS\u00a0Staten Island in summer 1953 with improved equipment. The new Skyhook balloons increased the rocket firing altitude from 40,000 feet (12,000\u00a0m) to 50,000 feet (15,000\u00a0m) affording a peak rocket altitude of 57 miles (92\u00a0km). The total payload weights were increased by 2 pounds (0.91\u00a0kg) to 30 pounds (14\u00a0kg).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 76], "content_span": [77, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071215-0006-0001", "contents": "1953 in spaceflight, Space exploration highlights, American civilian efforts\nBetween 18 July and 4 September, the Iowa team launched 16 rockoons from a variety of latitudes, 7 of which reached useful altitudes and returned usable data. An NRL team aboard the same vessel launched six rockoons, of which half were complete successes. Data from these launches provided the first evidence of radiation associated with aurora borealis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 76], "content_span": [77, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071215-0007-0000", "contents": "1953 in spaceflight, Spacecraft development, US Air Force\nDevelopment of the Atlas, the nation's first ICBM proceeded slowly throughout 1953. Without firm figures as to the weight and dimension of a thermonuclear device (the US tested its first H-bomb in November 1952, the USSR announced their first successful test in August 1953), it was not known if the Atlas could deliver an atomic bomb payload.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 57], "content_span": [58, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071215-0008-0000", "contents": "1953 in spaceflight, Spacecraft development, US Air Force\nIn spring 1953, Colonel Bernard Schriever, an assistant in development planning at The Pentagon and a proponent of long-ranged ballistic missiles, pushed to obtain accurate characteristics of a nuclear payload. Trevor Gardner, special assistant for research and development to the new Secretary of the Air Force, Harold Talbott, responded by organizing the Strategic Missiles Evaluation Committee or \"Teapot Committee\" comprising eleven of the top scientists and engineers in the country. Their goal would be to determine if a nuclear payload could be made small enough to fit on the Atlas rocket.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 57], "content_span": [58, 655]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071215-0008-0001", "contents": "1953 in spaceflight, Spacecraft development, US Air Force\nIf so, the importance of the committee's members would allow such findings to accelerate Atlas development. By October, committee member John von Neumann had completed his report on weights and figures indicating that smaller, more powerful warheads within Atlas' launch capability would soon be available. Pending test verification of von Neumann's theoretical results, the Air Force began revising the Atlas design for the projected nuclear payload.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 57], "content_span": [58, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071215-0009-0000", "contents": "1953 in spaceflight, Spacecraft development, US Army\nThe first production Redstone, a surface-to-surface missile capable of delivering nuclear or conventional warheads to a range of 200 miles (320\u00a0km), was delivered on 27 July 1953. A Redstone R&D missile was flight tested on 20 August 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 52], "content_span": [53, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071215-0010-0000", "contents": "1953 in spaceflight, Spacecraft development, Soviet Union\nThe R-5 missile, able to carry the same 1,000 kilograms (2,200\u00a0lb) payload as the R-1 and R-2 but over a distance of 1,200 kilometres (750\u00a0mi) underwent its first series of eight test launches from 15 March to 23 May, 1953. After two failures, the third rocket, launched 2 April, marked the beginning of streak of success. Seven more missiles were launched between 30 October and December, all of which reached their targets. A final series of launches, designed to test modifications made in response to issues with the first series, was scheduled for mid-1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 57], "content_span": [58, 620]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071215-0011-0000", "contents": "1953 in spaceflight, Spacecraft development, Soviet Union\nIn his brief tenure as Director of NII-88, responsible for the production of all Soviet ballistic missiles, engineer Mikhail Yangel chafed professionally with OKB-1 (formerly NII-88 Section 3) Chief Designer, Sergei Korolev, whom he had previously reported to as Deputy Chief Designer of the bureau. To relieve this tension, on 4 October 1953, Yangel was demoted to NII-88 Chief Engineer and assigned responsibility for production of missiles at State Union Plant No. 586 in Dnepropetrovsk.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 57], "content_span": [58, 548]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071215-0011-0001", "contents": "1953 in spaceflight, Spacecraft development, Soviet Union\nThis plant under, Vasiliy Budnik, had been tasked on 13 February 1953 with developing the R-12 missile, possessing a performance similar to that of the R-5 (range of 2,000 kilometres (1,200\u00a0mi) vs. 1,200 kilometres (750\u00a0mi)) but using storable propellants so that it could be stored at firing readiness for extended periods of time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 57], "content_span": [58, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071215-0012-0000", "contents": "1953 in spaceflight, Spacecraft development, Soviet Union\nAt the end of 1953, at a meeting of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, it was determined that a transportable thermonuclear device be developed (as opposed to the one detonated in August, which was stationary). It as further determined that an ICBM be developed to carry said bomb. As no ICBMs existed at the time, in reality or even in planning, development of a nuclear capable R-5 (dubbed the \"R-5M\") was ordered.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 57], "content_span": [58, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071215-0013-0000", "contents": "1953 in spaceflight, Spacecraft development, The International Geophysical Year\nJuly 1953 saw the first meeting of the Comit\u00e9 Speciale de l'Ann\u00e9e G\u00e9ophysique Internationale (CSAGI), a special committee of the International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU) tasked with coordinating the International Geophysical Year (IGY), set for 1957-58. This international effort would undertake simultaneous observations of geophysical phenomena over the entire surface of the Earth including such farflung regions as the Arctic and Antarctica. At its first meeting, CSAGI invited the world's nations to participate in the IGY. Response from most prominent nations was quick.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 79], "content_span": [80, 665]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071215-0013-0001", "contents": "1953 in spaceflight, Spacecraft development, The International Geophysical Year\nThe National Research Council of the US National Academy of Sciences set up a US National Committee for the IGY, with Joseph Kaplan serving as chairman and Hugh Odishaw as executive director. The only key nation slow in committing to the IGY was Soviet Union, which did not signal its involvement until spring 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 79], "content_span": [80, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071216-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 in sports\n1953 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 73]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071217-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 in television\nThe year 1953 in television involved some significant events. Below is a list of television-related events during 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071218-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 in the Belgian Congo\nThe following lists events that happened during 1953 in the Belgian Congo.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071219-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 in the Philippines\n1953 in the Philippines details events of note that happened in the Philippines in the year 1953", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071220-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 in the Soviet Union\nThe following lists events that happened during 1953 in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071221-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 in the United Kingdom\nEvents from the year 1953 in the United Kingdom. This is the year of the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II and the North Sea flood.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071223-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 nine-pin bowling World Championships\nThe 1953 nine-pin bowling World Championships was the first edition of the championships and were held in Belgrade, Yugoslavia, from 21-24 June 1953. Germany sent a united team composed of players from the GDR and the FRG.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071223-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 nine-pin bowling World Championships\nIn the men's competition the title was won by Yugoslavia in the team competition and by Alfred Baierl (Austria) in the individual event. In the women's competition the title was won by Austria in the team competition and by Jelena \u0160incek (Yugoslavia) in the individual event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071223-0002-0000", "contents": "1953 nine-pin bowling World Championships, Results, Men - team\nThe competition was played with 200 throws mixed (100 full, 100 clean). Teams were composed of 6 competitors and the scores were added up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 62], "content_span": [63, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071223-0003-0000", "contents": "1953 nine-pin bowling World Championships, Results, Women - team\nThe competition was played with 100 throws mixed (50 full, 50 clean). Teams were composed of 6 competitors and the scores were added up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 64], "content_span": [65, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071224-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 population census in Bosnia and Herzegovina\nThe 1953 population census in Bosnia and Herzegovina was the second population census of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia took place on March 31, 1953. The administrative organization of Bosnia and Herzegovina (51.221\u00a0km\u00b2) was identical to the first census in the socialist Yugoslavia (1948), apart from the fact that the Od\u017eak district had been abolished and merged with the district of Modri\u010da. The option to identify oneself as ethnic Muslim or ethnic Bosniak was still absent in 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071225-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 \u00darvalsdeild, Overview\nIt was contested by 6 teams, and \u00cdA won the championship. \u00cdA's R\u00edkhar\u00f0ur J\u00f3nsson was the top scorer with 5 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 26], "content_span": [27, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071226-0000-0000", "contents": "1953 \u00darvalsdeild karla\nThe 1953 Icelandic Basketball Tournament was the 2nd season of the top tier men's basketball league in Iceland. The season started on April 12, 1953 and ended on April 16, 1953. \u00cdKF won its 2nd title by posting the best record in the league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071226-0001-0000", "contents": "1953 \u00darvalsdeild karla, Competition format\nThe participating teams played each other once for a total of 3 games. The top team won the national championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 42], "content_span": [43, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071227-0000-0000", "contents": "1953/1954 News of the World Snooker Tournament\nThe 1953/1954 News of the World Snooker Tournament was a professional snooker tournament sponsored by the News of the World. The tournament was won by John Pulman who won 7 of his 8 matches and finished ahead of Joe Davis who won 5 matches. The News of the World Snooker Tournament ran from 1949/50 to 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071227-0001-0000", "contents": "1953/1954 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Format\nThe 1953/54 event was a round-robin snooker tournament and was played from 7 September 1953 to 16 January 1954. All matches were played at Leicester Square Hall in London. There were 9 competitors and a total of 36 matches. The competitors were Joe Davis, Fred Davis, Walter Donaldson, John Barrie, Albert Brown, Alec Brown, John Pulman, Jackie Rea and Rex Williams. Sidney Smith was due to participate, but withdrew before the tournament started. Each match lasted three days and was the best of 37 frames.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 54], "content_span": [55, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071227-0002-0000", "contents": "1953/1954 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Format\nEach match was separately handicapped. Joe Davis played level with Fred Davis and gave Walter Donaldson 14, John Barrie, Albert Brown, Alec Brown and John Pulman 21 and Jackie Rea and Rex Williams 25. Fred Davis gave Walter Donaldson 7, Albert Brown 10, John Pulman 12, John Barrie 14, Alec Brown 16 and Jackie Rea and Rex Williams 18. Walter Donaldson gave Albert Brown 7, Alec Brown and John Pulman 12, John Barrie 14 and Jackie Rea and Rex Williams 18. Albert Brown gave Alec Brown and John Pulman 5, John Barrie 8 and Jackie Rea and Rex Williams 14. John Pulman played level with Alec Brown and gave John Barrie 7 and Jackie Rea and Rex Williams 14. John Barrie played level with Alec Brown and gave Jackie Rea 7. Alec Brown gave Jackie Rea 5 and Rex Williams 9. Jackie Rea played level with Rex Williams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 54], "content_span": [55, 864]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071227-0003-0000", "contents": "1953/1954 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Format\nNineteen century breaks were made during the tournament, ten of them by Joe Davis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 54], "content_span": [55, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071227-0004-0000", "contents": "1953/1954 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Results\nJohn Pulman made certain of winning the tournament by beating John Barrie on 30 December", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 55], "content_span": [56, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071227-0005-0000", "contents": "1953/1954 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Results\nFred Davis beat his brother Joe 21\u201316 in the final match of the tournament. Joe was already assured of second place but the win gave Fred third place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 55], "content_span": [56, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071227-0006-0000", "contents": "1953/1954 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Results\nFred Davis scored the first century of the tournament, a break of 102, on the second day of his match against Walter Donaldson. Donaldson made a break of 120 the following day. In the next match Joe Davis made a break of 131 against Donaldson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 55], "content_span": [56, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071227-0007-0000", "contents": "1953/1954 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Results\nThe positions were determined firstly by the number of matches won (MW) and, in the event of a tie, the number of frames won (FW). Rex Williams was ill for his match against John Barrie from 22 to 24 October. Barrie played an exhibition match against Kingsley Kennerley instead, and was awarded a 19\u201318 win against Williams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 55], "content_span": [56, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071227-0008-0000", "contents": "1953/1954 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Qualifying\nThe qualifying tournament was played from 25 May to 13 June 1953. These matches were also played at Leicester Square Hall in London. There were 3 competitors: Sydney Lee, Jim Lees and Rex Williams. Matches were over 71 frames, except that there was no play in the match between Lee and Williams on 2 June, the day of the Coronation of Elizabeth II, and the match was reduced to 59 frames. The qualifying was won by Rex Williams who advanced to the main event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 58], "content_span": [59, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071227-0009-0000", "contents": "1953/1954 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Broadcasting\nThe BBC showed two short TV programmes during the matches between John Barrie and Albert Brown on 16 September, and between Walter Donaldson and Alec Brown on 12 December. The commentator on both occasions was Sidney Smith.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071228-0000-0000", "contents": "1953/54 NTFL season\nThe 1953/54 NTFL season was the 33rd season of the Northern Territory Football League (NTFL).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071228-0001-0000", "contents": "1953/54 NTFL season\nWaratah have won there 11th premiership title while defeating the Buffaloes in the grand final by 18 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071229-0000-0000", "contents": "1953: An Exceptional Encounter\n1953: An Exceptional Encounter is a live album by Ben Webster and the Modern Jazz Quartet that was recorded in 1953 and released in 2001.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071230-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u20131954 Massachusetts legislature\nThe 158th Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1953 and 1954 during the governorship of Christian Herter. Richard I. Furbush served as president of the Senate and Charles Gibbons served as speaker of the House.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071231-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 1re s\u00e9rie season\nThe 1953\u201354 1re s\u00e9rie season was the 33rd season of the 1re s\u00e9rie, the top level of ice hockey in France. Chamonix Hockey Club won their 14th league title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071232-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 AHL season\nThe 1953\u201354 AHL season was the 18th season of the American Hockey League. Six teams played 70 games each in the schedule. The Cleveland Barons won their seventh Calder Cup championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071232-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 AHL season, Final standings\nNote: GP = Games played; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; GF = Goals for; GA = Goals against; Pts = Points;", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 35], "content_span": [36, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071232-0002-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 AHL season, Scoring leaders\nNote: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; PIM = Penalty minutes", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 35], "content_span": [36, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071233-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Aberdeen F.C. season\nThe 1953\u201354 season was Aberdeen's 41st season in the top flight of Scottish football and their 43rd season overall. Aberdeen competed in the Scottish League Division One, Scottish League Cup, and the Scottish Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071234-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Allsvenskan, Overview\nThe league was contested by 12 teams, with GAIS winning the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 29], "content_span": [30, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071235-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Allsvenskan (men's handball)\nThe 1953\u201354 Allsvenskan was the 20th season of the top division of Swedish handball. 10 teams competed in the league. Redbergslids IK won the league and claimed their fourth Swedish title. IFK Bor\u00e5s and V\u00e4stra Fr\u00f6lunda IF were relegated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071237-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Arsenal F.C. season\nDuring the 1953\u201354 English football season, Arsenal F.C. competed in the Football League First Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071237-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Arsenal F.C. season, Results, FA Charity Shield\nArsenal entered the FA Charity Shield as 1952-53 League champions, in which they faced FA Cup winners Blackpool.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 55], "content_span": [56, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071237-0002-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Arsenal F.C. season, Squad\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 34], "content_span": [35, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071238-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Atlantic Coast Conference men's basketball season, NIT\nLeague rules prevented ACC teams from playing in NIT, 1954\u20131966", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 62], "content_span": [63, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071239-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Austrian football championship, Overview\nIt was contested by 14 teams, and SK Rapid Wien won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 48], "content_span": [49, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071240-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Baltimore Bullets season\nThe 1953-54 NBA season was the Bullets' 7th season in the NBA. Ray Felix won the NBA Rookie of the Year Award.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071241-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Belgian First Division, Overview\nIt was contested by 16 teams, and R.S.C. Anderlecht won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071242-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Birmingham City F.C. season\nThe 1953\u201354 Football League season was Birmingham City Football Club's 51st in the Football League and their 23rd in the Second Division. They finished in seventh position in the 22-team division. They entered the 1953\u201354 FA Cup at the third round proper and lost to Ipswich Town in the fourth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071242-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Birmingham City F.C. season\nTwenty-eight players made at least one appearance in nationally organised first-team competition, and there were eleven different goalscorers. Full -back Ken Green played in 41 of the 44 first-team matches over the season, and Ted Purdon was leading goalscorer with 15 goals, all scored in league competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071242-0002-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Birmingham City F.C. season, Football League Second Division\nNote that not all teams completed their playing season on the same day. Birmingham were in sixth position after their last game of the season, on 24 April, but by the time the last game was played, five days later, they were seventh, having been overtaken by Rotherham United.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 68], "content_span": [69, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071243-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Blackpool F.C. season\nThe 1953\u201354 season was Blackpool F.C. 's 46th season (43rd consecutive) in the Football League. They competed in the 22-team Division One, then the top tier of English football, finishing sixth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071243-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Blackpool F.C. season\nWest Bromwich Albion succeeded Blackpool as the holders of the FA Cup. Blackpool were knocked out in the fifth round by Port Vale.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071243-0002-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Blackpool F.C. season\nStan Mortensen was the club's top scorer for the tenth consecutive season, with 22 goals (21 in the league and one in the FA Cup).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071244-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Boston Bruins season\nThe 1953\u201354 Boston Bruins season was the Bruins' 30th season in the NHL.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071245-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Boston Celtics season\nThe 1953\u201354 NBA season was the Celtics' 8th season in the NBA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 92]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071246-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Bradford City A.F.C. season\nThe 1953\u201354 Bradford City A.F.C. season was the 41st in the club's history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071246-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Bradford City A.F.C. season\nThe club finished 5th in Division Three North, and reached the 1st round of the FA Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071247-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Bradley Braves men's basketball team\nThe 1953\u201354 Bradley Braves men's basketball team represented Bradley University in college basketball during the 1953\u201354 season. The team finished the season with a 19\u201313 record and were national runners-up to La Salle University in the 1954 NCAA Tournament. It was the second time in five seasons that Bradley was the national runner-up; in 1949\u201350, they lost to CCNY in both the NCAA and NIT championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071248-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Brentford F.C. season\nDuring the 1953\u201354 English football season, Brentford competed in the Football League Second Division. With Brentford in the relegation places, player-manager Tommy Lawton transferred out of the club in September 1953 and his replacement Bill Dodgin Sr. was unable to turn things round, which culminated in relegation to the Third Division South on the final day of the season. Brentford would not play again in the second-tier of English football until the 1992\u201393 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071248-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Brentford F.C. season, Season summary\nWithout a transfer budget to speak of, Brentford player-manager Tommy Lawton could not rely entirely on filling his squad with the products of Alf Bew's youth team, which had reached the semi-finals of the inaugural FA Youth Cup during the previous season. Lawton again relied on Wally Bragg and Ken Coote to hold two of the half back berths alongside Tony Harper. He signed ageing forwards Frank Broome and Ian McPherson from his previous club Notts County as replacements for Les Smith and the injured Jimmy D'Arcy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071248-0002-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Brentford F.C. season, Season summary\nSix defeats and just one win from the opening 9 Second Division matches saw Tommy Lawton quit the club in favour of a \u00a310,000 move to Arsenal, a transfer which saw James Robertson arrive at Griffin Park in part-exchange. Full back Fred Monk took over as caretaker manager until the appointment of Bill Dodgin Sr. on 1 October 1953. Dodgin's arrival heralded three consecutive wins, which lifted the Bees out of the relegation places. Ineffective forwards Broome and McPherson were transferred out and replaced by Cardiff City's Johnny Rainford and Frank Dudley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 607]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071248-0002-0001", "contents": "1953\u201354 Brentford F.C. season, Season summary\nDespite their arrivals, Brentford showed poor form over the Christmas and New Year period and a money-raising FA Cup run ended in a third round replay defeat to Hull City. Gerry Gazzard arrived on loan from West Ham United in January 1954 and despite Gazzard and Dudley forming something of a strike partnership during the final 10 weeks of the season, Brentford were relegated in 21st-place after the club's final match on 24 April.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071248-0003-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Brentford F.C. season, Season summary\nThe solitary away league win during the season tied the club record for fewest league wins in a season. In addition, Brentford were the joint-lowest scorers in the Second Division during the season. Long-serving trainer Jack Cartmell retired at the end of the season, after over 30 years at Griffin Park as a player and a member of staff.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071249-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 British Home Championship\nThe 1953\u201354 British Home Championship was an international football tournament played between the British Home Nations during the 1953\u201354 season. This season's tournament also doubled as UEFA \u2013 Group 3 for 1954 FIFA World Cup qualification. England dominated the Championship, winning all three games and taking first place. After defeating Ireland, Scotland struggled against Wales before losing to England. Meanwhile, Ireland defeated Wales in Wrexham to clinch third place. England, together with second-placed Scotland, subsequently qualified for the 1954 FIFA World Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071249-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 British Home Championship, Table, Ireland vs Scotland\nMatch rules:90 minutesone injured player can besubstituted before half time", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 61], "content_span": [62, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071249-0002-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 British Home Championship, Table, Ireland vs Scotland\nScorers:0-1 Charlie Fleming (47')0-2 Charlie Fleming (69')1-3 Jackie Henderson (89')", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 61], "content_span": [62, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071249-0003-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 British Home Championship, Table, Wales vs England\nMatch rules:90 minutesone injured player can besubstituted before half time", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071249-0004-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 British Home Championship, Table, Wales vs England\nScorers:1-1 Dennis Wilshaw (45')1-2 Dennis Wilshaw (49')1-3 Nat Lofthouse (52')1-4 Nat Lofthouse (53')", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071249-0005-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 British Home Championship, Table, Scotland vs Wales\nScorers:1-0 Allan Brown (19')2-0 Bobby Johnstone (42')3-1 Lawrie Reilly (58')", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 59], "content_span": [60, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071249-0006-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 British Home Championship, Table, Scotland vs Wales\nMatch rules:90 minutesone injured player can besubstituted before half time", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 59], "content_span": [60, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071249-0007-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 British Home Championship, Table, Scotland vs Wales\nScorers:2-1 John Charles (49')3-2 Ivor Allchurch (73')3-3 John Charles (88')", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 59], "content_span": [60, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071249-0008-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 British Home Championship, Table, England vs Ireland\nScorers:1-0 Harold Hassall (10')2-1 Harold Hassall (60')3-1 Nat Lofthouse (75')", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 60], "content_span": [61, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071249-0009-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 British Home Championship, Table, England vs Ireland\nMatch rules:90 minutesone injured player can besubstituted before half time", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 60], "content_span": [61, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071249-0010-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 British Home Championship, Table, Wales vs Ireland\nMatch rules:90 minutesone injured player can besubstituted before half time", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071249-0011-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 British Home Championship, Table, Scotland vs England\nMatch rules:90 minutesone injured player can besubstituted before half time", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 61], "content_span": [62, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071249-0012-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 British Home Championship, Table, Scotland vs England\nUnused Substitutes:'>1-1 Johnny Nicholls (50')1-3 Ronnie Allen (68')1-4 Jimmy Mullen (83')", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 61], "content_span": [62, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071249-0013-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 British Home Championship, Table, Scotland vs England\nEngland won the championship and along with Scotland they represented Great Britain in 1954 FIFA World Cup", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 61], "content_span": [62, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071250-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 British Ice Hockey season\nThe 1953\u201354 British Ice Hockey season featured the English National League and Scottish National League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071251-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Bulgarian Hockey League season\nThe 1953\u201354 Bulgarian Hockey League season was the third season of the Bulgarian Hockey League, the top level of ice hockey in Bulgaria. Seven teams participated in the league, and HK Udarnik Sofia won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071252-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Cardiff City F.C. season\nThe 1953\u201354 season was Cardiff City F.C. 's 27th season in the Football League. They competed in the 22-team Division One, then the first tier of English football, finishing tenth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071252-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Cardiff City F.C. season\nThe season would also be the last time the club was managed by Cyril Spiers who, in his second spell at the club, is still Cardiff City's second longest serving manager of all time. His fourteen years at Ninian Park placing him second only to Fred Stewart.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071252-0002-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Cardiff City F.C. season, Season review, FA Cup\nAfter a 3\u20131 victory over Midland Football League side Peterborough United in the third round, Cardiff were eliminated in round four by Third Division North side Port Vale.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 55], "content_span": [56, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071252-0003-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Cardiff City F.C. season, Season review, Welsh Cup\nDrawn against Barry Town in their first match, a 1\u20131 draw lead to a replay with Cardiff advancing after a 4\u20132 win. After receiving a bye in the sixth round, Cardiff were then drawn against Merthyr Tydfil in the seventh round and advanced to the semi-finals with a 5\u20133 victory. The club's campaign came to an end in the semi-finals for a second year in a row after a 2\u20131 defeat to Flint Town United.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 58], "content_span": [59, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071252-0004-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Cardiff City F.C. season, Players\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 41], "content_span": [42, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071253-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Carlisle United F.C. season\nFor the 1953\u201354 season, Carlisle United F.C. competed in Football League Third Division North.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071254-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Celtic F.C. season\nDuring the 1953\u201354 Scottish football season, Celtic competed in Scottish Division A.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071255-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Chester F.C. season\nThe 1953\u201354 season was the 16th season of competitive association football in the Football League played by Chester, an English club based in Chester, Cheshire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071255-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Chester F.C. season\nIt was the club's 16th consecutive season in the Third Division North since the election to the Football League. Alongside competing in the league, the club also participated in the FA Cup and the Welsh Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071256-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Chicago Black Hawks season\nThe 1953\u201354 Chicago Black Hawks season was the team's 28th season in the NHL, and they were coming off of a successful season in 1952\u201353, in which the team set team records in wins (27) and points (69), while earning their first playoff berth since the 1945\u201346 season. The Hawks lost to the Montreal Canadiens in seven games in the NHL semi-finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071256-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Chicago Black Hawks season\nThe Black Hawks were looking to build on their newfound success, however, the club would open the season with a record of 0\u20137\u20131 to quickly fall into last place in the NHL standings. Wins would be few and far between for the club, as they won consecutive games only thrice throughout the season, and finished the year dead last in the league with a 12\u201351\u20137 record, earning 31 points. The 12 wins was Chicago's fewest since the 1938\u201339 season, while the 31 points was their lowest total since the 1928\u201329 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071256-0002-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Chicago Black Hawks season\nOffensively, Chicago was led by Larry Wilson, who had a team high 33 assists and 42 points, while Pete Conacher scored a club best 19 goals. Defenceman and team captain Bill Gadsby had a career season, scoring 12 goals and 41 points, while getting 108 penalty minutes. Fellow defenceman Gus Mortson led the team with 132 penalty minutes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071256-0003-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Chicago Black Hawks season\nIn goal, Al Rollins played in 66 games, winning 12 games, while posting a 3.23 GAA and 7 shutouts. He was awarded the Hart Trophy for his efforts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071257-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Colchester United F.C. season\nThe 1953\u201354 season was Colchester United's twelfth season in their history and their fourth season in the Third Division South, the third tier of English football. Alongside competing in the Third Division South, the club also participated in the FA Cup. Colchester were knocked out in the first round of the cup by Millwall following a replay. The club struggled in the league for the second successive season, eventually finishing 23rd of 24 teams under new manager Jack Butler.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071257-0000-0001", "contents": "1953\u201354 Colchester United F.C. season\nThe club had to apply for re-election at the end of the season for the first of three occasions in its history. All four clubs applying for re-election were successful, with Colchester receiving 45 votes, behind Chester by three votes but ahead of both Walsall (32 votes) and Halifax Town (28 votes).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071257-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Colchester United F.C. season, Season overview\nFollowing Jimmy Allen's resignation at the end of the previous season, the Colchester United board shortlisted three names for the vacant managerial position, and in-line with their cost reduction policy, appointed Ron Meades as player-manager. Meades had claimed to have been with Cardiff City, and more recently manager of Western League side Wadebridge Town. Journalist Arthur Wood investigated Meades' background and revealed that Meades was a fraud, and after just four days in charge, Meades was asked to leave by the club.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 54], "content_span": [55, 584]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071257-0002-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Colchester United F.C. season, Season overview\nColchester hurriedly appointed a new manager, Jack Butler, a former player for Arsenal and England international. He had coached in Belgium, initially with Royal Daring Club Molenbeek and had been in charge of the Belgium national team between 1935 and 1940, leading them to the 1938 World Cup finals. More recently, he had managed Torquay United and Crystal Palace, but Butler had little time to prepare his side ahead of the new season, and a 13-game winless run in late 1953 saw Colchester slump to 23rd position in the league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 54], "content_span": [55, 585]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071257-0003-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Colchester United F.C. season, Season overview\nWith the crowd average falling season-on-season to 7,797, the club were required to apply for re-election after finishing the campaign ten points adrift of safety. Colchester earned 45 votes, enough to ensure another season in the Football League, but having been prolific goalscorers earlier in their history, the club had scored only 50 league goals this season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 54], "content_span": [55, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071257-0004-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Colchester United F.C. season, Squad statistics, Player debuts\nPlayers making their first-team Colchester United debut in a fully competitive match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 70], "content_span": [71, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071258-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Connecticut Huskies men's basketball team\nThe 1953\u201354 Connecticut Huskies men's basketball team represented the University of Connecticut in the 1953\u201354 collegiate men's basketball season. The Huskies completed the season with a 23\u20133 overall record. The Huskies were members of the Yankee Conference, where they ended the season with an 8\u20130 record. They were the Yankee Conference regular season champions and made it to the first round of the 1954 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament. The Huskies played their home games at Hawley Armory in Storrs, Connecticut, and were led by eighth-year head coach Hugh Greer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 629]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071259-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Copa M\u00e9xico\nThe 1953\u201354 Copa M\u00e9xico was the 39th edition of the Copa M\u00e9xico and the 12th staging of the tournament in the professional era.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071259-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Copa M\u00e9xico\nThe competition started on 20 March 1954 and concluded on 12 May 1954 with the Final, held at the Estadio Ol\u00edmpico de la Ciudad de los Deportes in Mexico City, in which Am\u00e9rica defeated Guadalajara 3\u20132 in penalties to win the first cup title in the professional era for the club.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071260-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Cypriot Cup\nThe 1953\u201354 Cypriot Cup was the 17th edition of the Cypriot Cup. A total of 18 clubs entered the competition. It began on 8 May 1954 with the first preliminary round and concluded on 27 June 1954 with the final which was held at GSP Stadium. \u00c7etinkaya T\u00fcrk won their 2nd Cypriot Cup trophy after beating Pezoporikos 2\u20131 in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071260-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Cypriot Cup, Format\nIn the 1953\u201354 Cypriot Cup, participated the 9 teams of the Cypriot First Division and the 9 teams of the Cypriot Second Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 27], "content_span": [28, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071260-0002-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Cypriot Cup, Format\nThe First Division teams and the two winners of each group of Second Division began from first round. The rest 5 teams of Second Division played threepreliminary rounds and the winner participated to the first round. The draw between the five teams took place so that in the third qualifying round a team from each group would participated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 27], "content_span": [28, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071260-0003-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Cypriot Cup, Format\nThe competition consisted of seven knock-out rounds. In all rounds each tie was played as a single leg and was held at the home ground of the one of the two teams, according to the draw results. Each tie winner was qualifying to the next round. If a match was drawn, extra time was following. If extra time was drawn, there was a replay match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 27], "content_span": [28, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071260-0004-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Cypriot Cup, Semi-finals\n1Nea Salamis were the first second division club to reach the semifinals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 32], "content_span": [33, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071261-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Cypriot First Division\nThe 1953\u201354 Cypriot First Division season was contested by nine teams with Pezoporikos Larnaca winning the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071262-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Cypriot Second Division\nThe 1953\u201354 Cypriot Second Division was the 1st season of the Cypriot second-level football league. Aris Limassol FC won their 1st title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071262-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Cypriot Second Division, Format\nNine teams participated in the 1953\u201354 Cypriot Second Division. The league was split to two geographical groups, depending from Districts of Cyprus each participated team came from. All teams of a group played against each other twice, once at their home and once away. The team with the most points at the end of the season crowned group champions. The winners of each group were playing against each other in the final phase of the competition and the winner were the champions of the Second Division. The champion was promoted to 1954\u201355 Cypriot First Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 39], "content_span": [40, 604]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071262-0002-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Cypriot Second Division, Format\nTeams received two points for a win, one point for a draw and zero points for a loss.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 39], "content_span": [40, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071262-0003-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Cypriot Second Division, Champions Playoffs\nAris Limassol were the champions of the Second Division. Aris Limassol promoted to 1954\u201355 Cypriot First Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 51], "content_span": [52, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071263-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Czechoslovak Extraliga season\nThe 1953\u201354 Czechoslovak Extraliga season was the 11th season of the Czechoslovak Extraliga, the top level of ice hockey in Czechoslovakia. 18 teams participated in the league, and ZSJ Spartak Praha Sokolovo won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071264-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 DDR-Oberliga\nThe 1953\u201354 DDR-Oberliga was the fifth season of the DDR-Oberliga, the first tier of league football in East Germany.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071264-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 DDR-Oberliga\nThe league was contested by fifteen teams, two less than in the previous season, and BSG Turbine Erfurt won the championship. It was the first of two championships for the club, winning it the following season as well.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071264-0002-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 DDR-Oberliga\nHeinz Satrapa of BSG Wismut Aue was the league's top scorer with 21 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 95]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071264-0003-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 DDR-Oberliga\nThe 1953\u201354 season saw the best-ever average support for the Oberliga with 14,005 spectators per game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071264-0004-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 DDR-Oberliga, Table\nThe 1953\u201354 season saw two newly promoted clubs, Fortschritt Meerane and Einheit Ost Leipzig. The FDGB-Pokal was won by second division DDR-Liga club ZSK Vorw\u00e4rts Berlin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 27], "content_span": [28, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071265-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 DDR-Oberliga (ice hockey) season\nThe 1953\u201354 DDR-Oberliga season was the sixth season of the DDR-Oberliga, the top level of ice hockey in East Germany. Six teams participated in the league, and SG Dynamo Wei\u00dfwasser won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071266-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 DFB-Pokal\nThe 1953\u201354 DFB-Pokal was the 11th season of the annual German football cup competition. 8 teams competed in the tournament of three rounds. It began on 1 August 1953 and ended on 17 April 1954. In the final VfB Stuttgart defeated FC K\u00f6ln 1\u20130 after extra time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071267-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Danish 1st Division, Overview\nIt was contested by 10 teams, and K\u00f8ge BK won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071268-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Deportivo Toluca F.C. season\nThe 1953\u201354 Deportivo Toluca F.C. season was the 4th season in the football club's history as a professional team and the 1st season in the top flight of Mexican football.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071268-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Deportivo Toluca F.C. season\nThe team competed in the Primera Divisi\u00f3n and Copa M\u00e9xico. After winning the 1952\u201353 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n, Toluca made its debut at Primera Divisi\u00f3n on 9 August 1953 winning 2\u20131 against Atlante.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071269-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Detroit Red Wings season\nThe 1953\u201354 Detroit Red Wings season was the Red Wings' 28th season. The highlight of season was winning the Stanley Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071269-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Detroit Red Wings season, Regular season, Prison game\nOn February 2, 1954, the Red Wings played an exhibition game against Marquette Branch Prison on an outdoor ice surface.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 61], "content_span": [62, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071269-0002-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Detroit Red Wings season, Player statistics, Playoffs\nNote: Pos = Position; GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; PIM = Penalty minutes; PPG = Power-play goals; SHG = Short-handed goals; GWG = Game-winning goals\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0MIN = Minutes played; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; GA = Goals-against; GAA = Goals-against average; SO = Shutouts;", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 61], "content_span": [62, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071270-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Drexel Dragons men's basketball team\nThe 1953\u201354 Drexel Dragons men's basketball team represented Drexel Institute of Technology during the 1953\u201354 men's basketball season. The Dragons, led by 2nd year head coach Samuel Cozen, played their home games at Sayre High School and were members of the College\u2013Southern division of the Middle Atlantic Conferences (MAC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071270-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Drexel Dragons men's basketball team\nThe team finished the season 15\u20133, and finished in 1st place in the MAC in the regular season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071271-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Duke Blue Devils men's basketball team\nThe 1953\u201354 Duke Blue Devils men's basketball team represented Duke University in the 1953\u201354 NCAA men's basketball season. The team's head coach was Harold Bradley and the team finished the season with an overall record of 21\u20136.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071272-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Dumbarton F.C. season\nThe 1953\u201354 season was the 70th Scottish football season in which Dumbarton competed at national level, entering the Scottish Football League, the Scottish Cup and the Scottish League Cup. In addition Dumbarton competed in the Stirlingshire Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071272-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Dumbarton F.C. season, Scottish League\nAfter three seasons of mid-table finishes, Dumbarton fell to rock-bottom 16th place, with 22 points, 23 behind champions Motherwell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 46], "content_span": [47, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071272-0002-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Dumbarton F.C. season, Scottish League\nIn 1949, Division C merged with the Scottish Reserve League to form two regionalised divisions. Only 'first XI's could be promoted from the newly formatted Division C, and this became an almost impossible task as the smaller teams had to face the 'second strings' of Division A. It was however to be Dumbarton's fate that this season saw Brechin City win the North-East section of Division C, and so took Dumbarton's place in Division B. So for the first time since 1906, the club would play league football outside the top two divisions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 46], "content_span": [47, 585]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071272-0003-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Dumbarton F.C. season, Scottish Cup\nThere was another disappointing first round exit in the Cup with Dumbarton losing to Stirling Albion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071272-0004-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Dumbarton F.C. season, Scottish League Cup\nAnother sectional 'bottom' finish (4th of 4) was recorded in the League Cup, with only a single win and a draw from 6 matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 50], "content_span": [51, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071272-0005-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Dumbarton F.C. season, Stirlingshire Cup\nDumbarton's disastrous season was completed as their grip on the Stirlingshire Cup was easily released by defeat in the first round to Falkirk.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 48], "content_span": [49, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071272-0006-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Dumbarton F.C. season, Dewar Shield\nThe Dewar Shield was a competition played between the previous season's champions of Aberdeenshire, Forfarshire, Perthshire and Stirlingshire. Dumbarton were drawn to meet the Aberdeenshire Cup holders, Buckie Thistle, but no doubt due to travel costs, Dumbarton withdrew.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071272-0007-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Dumbarton F.C. season, Friendlies\nDespite being two of the oldest clubs in Scotland, Dumbarton and Stranraer's first XIs met for the first time in two friendly matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071272-0008-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Dumbarton F.C. season, Reserve team\nDumbarton only played one official 'reserve' match in the Second XI Cup, losing in the first round to Third Lanark.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071273-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Dundee F.C. season\nThe 1953\u201354 season was the fifty-second season in which Dundee competed at a Scottish national level, playing in Division A, where the club would finish in 7th place for the second consecutive season. Dundee would also compete in both the Scottish Cup and the Scottish League Cup. Dundee failed to defend their League Cup champion status for a third consecutive year, being knocked out of the group stages by goal ratio. As for the Scottish Cup, they would be upset by Division C side Berwick Rangers in the third round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071274-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Dundee United F.C. season\nThe 1953\u201354 season was the 46th year of football played by Dundee United, and covers the period from 1 July 1953 to 30 June 1954. United finished in fifteenth place in the Second Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071274-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Dundee United F.C. season, Match results\nDundee United played a total of 37 competitive matches during the 1953\u201354 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 48], "content_span": [49, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071274-0002-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Dundee United F.C. season, Match results, Legend\nAll results are written with Dundee United's score first. Own goals in italics", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 56], "content_span": [57, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071275-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Egyptian Premier League\nThe 1953\u201354 Egyptian Premier League, was the 5th season of the Egyptian Premier League, the top Egyptian professional league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 1948. The season started on 27 September 1953 and concluded on 23 May 1954. El Qanah entered as the promoted team from the Egyptian Second Division. They replaced Port Fuad, who was relegated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071275-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Egyptian Premier League\nDefending champions Al Ahly won their 5th consecutive and 5th overall Egyptian Premier League title in the club history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071275-0002-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Egyptian Premier League, League Table\n(C)= Champions, (R)= Relegated, Pld = Matches played; W = Matches won; D = Matches drawn; L = Matches lost; F = Goals for; A = Goals against; \u00b1 = Goal difference; Pts = Points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 45], "content_span": [46, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071276-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Eintracht Frankfurt season\nThe 1953\u201354 Eintracht Frankfurt season was the 54th season in the club's football history. In 1953\u201354 the club played in the Oberliga S\u00fcd, the top tier of German football. It was the club's 9th season in the Oberliga S\u00fcd.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071276-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Eintracht Frankfurt season\nThe season ended up with Eintracht finishing in the Oberliga S\u00fcd as runners-up. In the German championship round the Eagles didn't qualify for the final match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071277-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 English National League season\nThe 1953\u201354 English National League season was the 13th and final season of the English National League, the top level ice hockey league in England. Five teams participated in the league, and the Nottingham Panthers won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071277-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 English National League season\nThe league merged with the Scottish National League to form the British National League for the 1954-55 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071278-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 European Rugby League Championship\nThis was the fourteenth European Championship and was won for he sixth time by England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071279-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Everton F.C. season\nDuring the 1953\u201354 English football season, Everton F.C. competed in the Football League Second Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071279-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Everton F.C. season, Final League Table\nP = Matches played; W = Matches won; D = Matches drawn; L = Matches lost; F = Goals for; A = Goals against; GA = Goal average; GD = Goal difference; Pts = Points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 47], "content_span": [48, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071280-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 FA Cup\nThe 1953\u201354 FA Cup  was the 73rd staging of the world's oldest football cup competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup, commonly known as the FA Cup. West Bromwich Albion won the competition for the fourth time, beating Preston North End 3\u20132 in the final at Wembley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071280-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 FA Cup\nMatches were scheduled to be played at the stadium of the team named first on the date specified for each round, which was always a Saturday. Some matches, however, might be rescheduled for other days if there were clashes with games for other competitions or the weather was inclement. If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played, a replay would take place at the stadium of the second-named team later the same week. If the replayed match was drawn further replays would be held until a winner was determined. If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played in a replay, a 30-minute period of extra time would be played.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 653]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071280-0002-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 FA Cup, First round proper\nAt this stage clubs from the Football League Third Division North and South joined those non-league clubs having come through the qualifying rounds (except Harwich & Parkeston and Walthamstow Avenue that given byes to this round). Matches were scheduled to be played on Saturday, 21 November 1953. Seven were drawn and went to replays.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 34], "content_span": [35, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071280-0003-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 FA Cup, Second round proper\nThe matches were scheduled for Saturday, 12 December 1953. Eight matches were drawn, with replays taking place later the same week. The Wrexham\u2013Brighton & Hove Albion match went to a second replay, which finished in Wrexham's favour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 35], "content_span": [36, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071280-0004-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 FA Cup, Third round proper\nThe 44 First and Second Division clubs entered the competition at this stage. The matches were scheduled for Saturday, 9 January 1954. Fifteen matches were drawn and went to replays, with three of these requiring a second replay. The Blackpool\u2013Luton Town match then went to a third replay, which was won by Blackpool.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 34], "content_span": [35, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071280-0005-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 FA Cup, Fourth round proper\nThe matches were scheduled for Saturday, 30 January 1954, with two matches taking place on later dates. Six matches were drawn and went to replays, which were all played in the following midweek match. The Scunthorpe United\u2013Portsmouth match went to a second replay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 35], "content_span": [36, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071280-0006-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 FA Cup, Fifth round proper\nThe matches were scheduled for Saturday, 20 February 1954. Two matches went to replays in the following mid-week fixture.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 34], "content_span": [35, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071280-0007-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 FA Cup, Sixth round proper\nThe four quarter-final ties were scheduled to be played on Saturday, 13 March 1954. Two matches went to replays, with the Leicester City\u2013Preston North End match going to a second replay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 34], "content_span": [35, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071280-0008-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 FA Cup, Semi finals\nThe semi-final matches were played on Saturday, 27 March 1954. Preston North End and West Bromwich Albion won their ties to meet in the final at Wembley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 27], "content_span": [28, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071280-0009-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 FA Cup, Final\nThe 1954 FA Cup Final was contested by West Bromwich Albion and Preston North End at Wembley. West Brom won 3\u20132, with goals from Ronnie Allen (2) and Frank Griffin. Angus Morrison and Charlie Wayman scored for Preston.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 21], "content_span": [22, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071281-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 FA Cup qualifying rounds\nThe FA Cup 1953\u201354 is the 73rd season of the world's oldest football knockout competition; The Football Association Challenge Cup, or FA Cup for short. The large number of clubs entering the tournament from lower down the English football league system meant that the competition started with a number of preliminary and qualifying rounds. The 30 victorious teams from the Fourth Round Qualifying progressed to the First Round Proper.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071281-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 FA Cup qualifying rounds, 4th qualifying round\nThe teams that given byes to this round are Bishop Auckland, Yeovil Town, Leytonstone, Gainsborough Trinity, Stockton, Witton Albion, Weymouth, North Shields, Rhyl, Hereford United, Scarborough, Wigan Athletic, Nelson, Tonbridge, Blyth Spartans, Wellington Town, Buxton, Folkestone, Bath City, Llanelli, Peterborough United, Finchley, Great Yarmouth Town and Grays Athletic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 54], "content_span": [55, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071281-0002-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 FA Cup qualifying rounds, 1953\u201354 FA Cup\nSee 1953\u201354 FA Cup for details of the rounds from the First Round Proper onwards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071282-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 FC Basel season\nThe 1953\u201354 season was Fussball Club Basel 1893's 60th season in their existence. It was their eighth consecutive season in the top flight of Swiss football after their promotion from the Nationalliga B the season 1945\u201346. They played their home games in the Landhof, in the Wettstein Quarter in Kleinbasel. Jules D\u00fcblin was the club's chairman for the eighth successive season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071282-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 FC Basel season, Overview\nRen\u00e9 Bader continued as the team's player-coach, for the second consecutive season. Basel played a total of 41 games during their 1953\u201354 season. Of these 41 matches 26 were in the domestic league, one match was in the Swiss Cup and 14 were test or friendly matches. The test/friendly games resulted with five victories, one was drawn, but eight matches ended with a defeat. In total, including the test games and the cup competition, 16 games were won, three were drawn and 22 were lost. In their 41 games they scored 93 goals and conceded 111. A highlight in the test games was the match on 12 June against Brazil national team. This was the last test game before the 1954 World Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 719]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071282-0002-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 FC Basel season, Overview\nThere were fourteen teams contesting in the 1953\u201354 Nationalliga A, the last two teams in the table were to be relegated. Basel won 11 of their 26 games and drew twice, but lost 13 matches. They scored 55 goals and conceded 62. Basel ended the championship with 24 points in 8th position. They were 18 points behind La Chaux-de-Fonds who became Swiss Champions. Josef H\u00fcgi was the Basel's top league goal scorer with 30 goals and thus the league top goal scorer. Walter Bielser was the team's second best goal scorer with six goals, Kurt Thalmann scored five, Hans Weber scored four.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 617]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071282-0003-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 FC Basel season, Overview\nBasel joined the Swiss Cup in the 3rd principal round with a home match in the Landhof against Grenchen. The only goal of the match fell a couple of minutes before the final whistle and Basel were knocked out of the competition in this round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071282-0004-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 FC Basel season, Players\nThe following is the list of the Basel first team squad during the season 1953\u201354. The list includes players that were in the squad on the day that the Nationalliga A season started on 16 August 1953 but subsequently left the club after that date.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071282-0005-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 FC Basel season, Players\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071282-0006-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 FC Basel season, Players\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071283-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 FK Partizan season\nThe 1953\u201354 season was the 8th season in FK Partizan's existence. This article shows player statistics and matches that the club played during the 1953\u201354 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071284-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Football League\nThe 1953\u201354 season was the 55th completed season of The Football League, which ran from August 1953 until April 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071284-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Football League, Final league tables\nThe tables below are reproduced here in the exact form that they can be found at  website and in Rothmans Book of Football League Records 1888\u201389 to 1978\u201379, with home and away statistics separated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071284-0002-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Football League, Final league tables\nBeginning with the season 1894\u201395, clubs finishing level on points were separated according to goal average (goals scored divided by goals conceded), or more properly put, goal ratio. In case one or more teams had the same goal difference, this system favoured those teams who had scored fewer goals. The goal average system was eventually scrapped beginning with the 1976\u201377 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071284-0003-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Football League, Final league tables\nFrom the 1922\u201323 season, the bottom two teams of both Third Division North and Third Division South were required to apply for re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071284-0004-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Football League, First Division\nWolverhampton Wanderers won the First Division title for the first time in their history, finishing four points ahead of their local rivals West Bromwich Albion, who lifted their fourth FA Cup in the same season. Defending champions Arsenal slumped to 12th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 39], "content_span": [40, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071285-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Fort Wayne Pistons season\nThe 1953\u201354 NBA season was the Pistons' sixth season in the NBA and 13th season as a franchise.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071286-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Four Hills Tournament\nThe second Four Hills tournament was the first one to use the traditional event order of Oberstdorf in December, the New Year's event in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, then Innsbruck and the final in Bischofshofen on Three Kings' Day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071286-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Four Hills Tournament, Participating nations and athletes\nJeremy Baig was the first non-European to compete at the Four Hills. Finland was represented for the first time and achieved good results (5 podiums). The defending champion was Sepp Bradl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 65], "content_span": [66, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071286-0002-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Four Hills Tournament, Participating nations and athletes\nThe following athletes are on the FIS record, although it is likely incomplete.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 65], "content_span": [66, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071286-0003-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Four Hills Tournament, Results, Bischofshofen\nAfter three victories in three events, Olaf Bj\u00f8rnstad was leading the tournament ranking by 27.5 points ahead of Eino Kirjonen. Defending champion Sepp Bradl was already 51 points behind, but was able to secure the Bischofshofen victory and a third place overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 53], "content_span": [54, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071287-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 French Division 1\nLille OSC won Division 1 season 1953\u20131954 of the French Association Football League with 47 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071287-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 French Division 1, Final table\nPromoted from Division 2, who will play in Division 1 season 1954/1955", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 38], "content_span": [39, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071288-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 French Division 2, Overview\nIt was contested by 20 teams, and Olympique Lyonnais won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 35], "content_span": [36, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071289-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 French Rugby Union Championship\nThe 1953-54 French Rugby Union Championship was contested by 64 clubs divided in eight pools of six teams and two pools of eight teams. The pools of six qualified 28 teams (the three best of each pool plus the four best fourths) and four teams from each of the pools of eight.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071289-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 French Rugby Union Championship\nThe championship was won by Grenoble , which beat Cognac in the final. This was the only championship in the history of Grenoble's club. The 1992-93 French Rugby Union Championship was won by Castres who beat Grenoble 14-11 in the final, in a match decided by an irregular try accorded by the referee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071289-0002-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 French Rugby Union Championship, Context\nThe 1954 Five Nations Championship was won - tied by Wales, France and Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071289-0003-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 French Rugby Union Championship, Context\nFrance won the second (and last) edition of Europe Cup, beating Italy in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071289-0004-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 French Rugby Union Championship, Context\nLe Challenge Yves du Manoir was won by Lourdes, which defeated Toulon in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071289-0005-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 French Rugby Union Championship, Qualification phase\nThere were eight pools of six teams each. Teams in bold qualified for the next round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 60], "content_span": [61, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071289-0006-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 French Rugby Union Championship, Qualification phase\nThe teams that qualified from the pools of eight were Niort, Albi, Stade Bagn\u00e9rais and the TOEC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 60], "content_span": [61, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071290-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team\nThe 1953\u201354 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team represented Georgetown University during the 1953\u201354 NCAA college basketball season. Harry \"Buddy\" Jeannette coached them in his second season as head coach. The team was an independent and played its home games at McDonough Gymnasium on the Georgetown campus in Washington, D.C.. It finished the season with a record of 11-18 and had no postseason play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071290-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Season recap\nSophomore forward Warren Buehler joined the varsity team as a starter after a year on the freshman team, replacing star Bill Bolger, who had graduated after the previous season. Destined to become the top Georgetown scorer of the 1950s, Buehler got off to a quick start, ending the season as the team's top scorer for the first of two consecutive seasons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071290-0001-0001", "contents": "1953\u201354 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Season recap\nPlaying in 28 of the season's 29 games, he scored in double figures 26 times, including 29 points each against Pittsburgh and Duquesne, 30 against Detroit, and a career-high 36 points against Virginia \u2013 in a game which Georgetown nonetheless lost when Virginia's Buzzy Wilkinson scored 45 points against the Hoyas. By the end of the year, Buehler had scored a Georgetown-record 511 points and averaged 18.2 points per game, second in school history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 510]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071290-0002-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Season recap\nSenior guard and team co-captain Lou Gigante had starred for the team during the two previous seasons, and began another strong season this year, averaging in double figures. During the game against New York University at Madison Square Garden in New York City on January 12, 1954, however, he broke his foot, ending his season and collegiate career. He had averaged 9.2 points per game during his three varsity seasons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071290-0003-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Season recap\nThe previous season, Georgetown had made its first-ever appearance in the National Invitation Tournament and its first post-season tournament appearance since the 1942-43 team went to the 1943 NCAA Tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071290-0003-0001", "contents": "1953\u201354 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Season recap\nIn sharp contrast, this season was a disappointment: In the face of academic losses and injuries that would plague the Hoyas throughout the last three seasons of Buddy Jeannette's four-year tenure as head coach, \u2013 in addition to losing Gigante to an injury, the team lost one of its top scorers at midseason to an academic suspension \u2013 the Hoyas finished with a record of 11-18 and had no post-season play. They were not ranked in the Top 20 in the Associated Press Poll or Coaches' Poll at any time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071290-0004-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Roster\nAfter senior guard Lou Gigante suffered an injury, senior guard Jim Frisby replaced him on the team. Both wore No. 13 during the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 54], "content_span": [55, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071291-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Greek Football Cup\nThe 1953\u201354 Greek Football Cup was the 12th edition of the Greek Football Cup. The competition culminated with the Greek Cup Final, held at Leoforos Alexandras Stadium, on 23 May 1954. The match was contested by Olympiacos and Doxa Drama, with Olympiacos winning by 2\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071291-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Greek Football Cup, Semi-finals\n*There was no extra time \"due to extremely muddy ground\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 39], "content_span": [40, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071291-0002-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Greek Football Cup, Final\nThe 12th Greek Cup Final was played at the Leoforos Alexandras Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 33], "content_span": [34, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071292-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Hannover 96 season\nThe 1953\u201354 Hannover 96 season is the 58th season in the football club's history and sixth overall season in the top flight of German football, the Oberliga Nord, and their fifth consecutive season having been reinstated in 1949 after appealing against their relegation to the Landesliga Niedersachsen in 1948. Hannover 96 won the Oberliga Nord and advanced to the championship finals for the fifth overall time, where they won their second German championship after 1938. The season covers a period from 1 July 1953 to 30 June 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071292-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Hannover 96 season, Players, Squad information\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 54], "content_span": [55, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071293-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Heart of Midlothian F.C. season\nDuring the 1953\u201354 season Hearts competed in the Scottish First Division, the Scottish Cup, the Scottish League Cup and the East of Scotland Shield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071294-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Hellenic Football League\nThe 1953\u201354 Hellenic Football League season was the first in the history of the Hellenic Football League, a football competition in England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071295-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Hibernian F.C. season\nDuring the 1953\u201354 season Hibernian, a football club based in Edinburgh, came fifth out of 16 clubs in the Scottish First Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071296-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Hong Kong First Division League\nThe 1953\u201354 Hong Kong First Division League season was the 43rd since its establishment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071297-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season\nHuddersfield Town's 1953\u201354 campaign is Town's best ever finish in a season since World War II. Following the previous season's promotion onslaught, Town and especially Jimmy Glazzard made sure that the previous season's achievements weren't forgotten in a hurry. They finished in 3rd place in Division 1 with 51 points, just 6 points behind the champions Wolverhampton Wanderers. The goalscoring feats of Jimmy Glazzard, who scored 29 goals and the assistance of Vic Metcalfe, who himself scored 11 goals helped Town finish in their highest post-war finish to date.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071297-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season, Squad at the start of the season\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 73], "content_span": [74, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071297-0002-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season, Review\nAndy Beattie's team were on an all-time high following their immediate return to Division 1 after just one season in Division 2. The start of the season continued where the previous season left off and after 4 games, Town were top of the table with 3 wins, including a 5-1 win over Portsmouth, where Jimmy Glazzard got the first of his 3 hat-tricks that he would achieve during the season. His other 2 came in the space of 3 matches against Sheffield United and Aston Villa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 47], "content_span": [48, 522]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071297-0003-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season, Review\nThe team's performances kept them up in the upper realms of the division, with the chance of winning the title, not being too unrealistic. The season ground to a halt near the end, when Vic Metcalfe was forced to miss the last 7 games of the season and many say this was the reason that Town failed to win the title for the first time in 28 years. They did however finish 3rd, just 6 points behind Wolverhampton Wanderers, who Town actually beat in their penultimate game of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 47], "content_span": [48, 534]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071297-0004-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season, Squad at the end of the season\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 71], "content_span": [72, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071298-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 IHL season\nThe 1953\u201354 IHL season was the ninth season of the International Hockey League, a North American minor professional league. Nine teams participated in the regular season, and the Cincinnati Mohawks won the Turner Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071299-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Idaho Vandals men's basketball team\nThe 1953\u201354 Idaho Vandals men's basketball team represented the University of Idaho during the 1953\u201354 NCAA college basketball season. Members of the Pacific Coast Conference, the Vandals were led by seventh-year head coach Charles Finley and played their home games on campus at Memorial Gymnasium in Moscow, Idaho.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071299-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Idaho Vandals men's basketball team\nThe Vandals were 15\u20138 overall and 9\u20137 in conference play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071299-0002-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Idaho Vandals men's basketball team\nAfter seven years at Idaho, Finley left after the season for Mississippi Southern, and was succeeded in May by Harlan Hodges, the head coach at Murray State in Kentucky.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071300-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball team\nThe 1953\u201354 Illinois Fighting Illini men\u2019s basketball team represented the University of Illiniois.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071300-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball team, Regular season\nIn his seventh year at Illinois, Harry Combes continued to offer the fans of the Fighting Illini a successful team that they could be follow across the country to record crowds. The 1953-54 team returned one of the most dominate players in the NCAA, Johnny \"Red\" Kerr. During the season, Kerr shattered Illinois\u2019 single-season scoring record by tallying 556 points in his senior year. Kerr\u2019s 1,299 career points in three seasons currently ranks 20th on the all-time Illinois scoring list. After his Illinois career came to an end, Kerr started a 12-year professional career followed by becoming the first head coach of the Chicago Bulls in 1966.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 70], "content_span": [71, 716]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071300-0002-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball team, Regular season\nThe 1954 team added twin brothers, Paul and Phil Judson from Hebron, Illinois, Bruce Brothers and Bill Ridley as sophomores. A youth movement that helped the Illini finish in a 3rd place tie in the Big Ten. Unfortunately the Illini would lose 5 total games with three of the five losses coming at the hands of ranked opponents. The starting lineup included captain John Kerr at the center position, Jim Wright and Paul Judson at guard and Bruce Brothers and Max Hooper at the forward slots.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 70], "content_span": [71, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071301-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Indiana Hoosiers men's basketball team\nThe 1953\u201354 Indiana Hoosiers men's basketball team represented Indiana University. Their head coach was Branch McCracken, who was in his 13th year. The team played its home games in The Fieldhouse in Bloomington, Indiana, and was a member of the Big Ten Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071301-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Indiana Hoosiers men's basketball team\nAs reigning national champions, the Hoosiers finished the regular season with an overall record of 20\u20134 and a conference record of 12\u20132, finishing 1st in the Big Ten Conference. As Big Ten Conference Champions, Indiana was invited to participate in the NCAA Tournament, where they advanced to Regional Third Place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071302-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Inter Milan season\nIn the 1953\u201354 season, Internazionale competed in the domestic league as the defending champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071302-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Inter Milan season, Summary\nInter started the season without Nyers, cut off from the club following a debate with chairman Masseroni about his salary. However, this did not seem to encumber play, resulting in a better season than the previous year. Nyers came back just before the Derby della Madonnina, and won 3\u20130 by his hat-trick. Six months later in the Derby d'Italia, Inter beat Juventus 6\u20130, which was crucial for the conquest of another Scudetto, leaving Juventus one point shy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 35], "content_span": [36, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071302-0002-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Inter Milan season, Statistics, Squad statistics\n2 points were awarded for every win, so Inter collected 51 points instead 61.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 56], "content_span": [57, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071302-0003-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Inter Milan season, Statistics, Players statistics\nGhezzi (34/\u221232); Armano (33/13); Neri (32); Giacomazzi (29); Nesti (29/2); Lorenzi (28/12); Mazza (27/3); Skoglund (27/10); Giovannini (25); Padulazzi (25); Fattori (20/2); Vincenzi (18/1); Brighenti (15/9); Nyers (14/8); Buzzin (12/5); Broccini (4); Blason (1); Zambaiti (1).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 58], "content_span": [59, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071303-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Iowa Hawkeyes men's basketball team\nThe 1953\u201354 Iowa Hawkeyes men's basketball team represented the University of Iowa in intercollegiate basketball during the 1953\u201354 season. The team was led by third-year head coach Bucky O'Connor and played their home games at the Iowa Field House. The Hawkeyes finished the season with a 17\u20135 record (11\u20133 in Big Ten) and in second place in the Big Ten standings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071304-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Iowa State Cyclones men's basketball team\nThe 1953\u201354 Iowa State Cyclones men's basketball team represented Iowa State University during the 1953-54 NCAA College men's basketball season. The Cyclones were coached by Clay Sutherland, who was in his seventh and final season with the Cyclones. They played their home games at the Iowa State Armory in Ames, Iowa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071304-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Iowa State Cyclones men's basketball team\nThey finished the season 6\u201315, 2\u201310 in Big Seven play to finish in sixth place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071305-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Iraq FA Baghdad First Division\nThe 1953\u201354 Iraq FA Baghdad First Division was the sixth season of the Iraq Central FA League (the top division of football in Baghdad and its neighbouring cities from 1948 to 1973). Al-Haris Al-Maliki won their fifth consecutive league title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071305-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Iraq FA Baghdad First Division\nOne of the tournament's matches came in January 1954, when the Civil Cantonment (C.C.) select team from Habbaniya defeated Al-Sikak Al-Hadeed 2\u20131 at Al-Kashafa Stadium with goals from Ammo Baba and Youra Eshaya.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071306-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Irish League\nThe Irish League in season 1953\u201354 comprised 12 teams, and Linfield won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071307-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Israel State Cup\nThe 1953\u201354 Israel State Cup (Hebrew: \u05d2\u05d1\u05d9\u05e2 \u05d4\u05de\u05d3\u05d9\u05e0\u05d4\u200e, Gvia HaMedina) was the 17th season of Israel's nationwide football cup competition and the second after the Israeli Declaration of Independence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071307-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Israel State Cup\nThe competition started in March 1953, after yet another agreement ending a rift between the Hapoel and Maccabi factions in the IFA, and the first rounds were played as a part of the 1952\u201353 Israeli football season. The competition continued during the 1953\u201354 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071307-0002-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Israel State Cup\nThe final was held at the Basa Stadium in Tel Aviv on 3 July 1954. Maccabi Tel Aviv defeated Maccabi Netanya 4\u20130 and won its seventh cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071307-0003-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Israel State Cup, Results, First round\n10 of the 11 Liga Gimel (3rd tier) clubs which had registered to play in the cup competed in the first round. Matches were due to be held on 21 March 1953. However, only one match, between Beitar Haifa and Hapoel Acre was held, and the rest were played in early April 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 46], "content_span": [47, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071307-0004-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Israel State Cup, Results, Second round\n26 teams from Liga Bet joined the six qualifiers from the first round. Matches were played on 18 April 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 47], "content_span": [48, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071307-0005-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Israel State Cup, Results, Third round\nThe 12 teams of Liga Alef entered the competition. Matches were held on 2 May 1953. Maccabi Tel Aviv and Maccabi Jerusalem required a replay, which was delayed and was finally played on 12 September 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 46], "content_span": [47, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071307-0006-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Israel State Cup, Results, Fourth round\nThe final 14 teams met in this round, which matches were played on 14 November 1953, except for the match between Hapoel Tel Aviv and Maccabi Petah Tikva, which was postponed to 9 January 1954. Both teams requested the postponement as they had major players injured after the Israel's 1954 FIFA World Cup qualification matches at Greece and Yugoslavia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 47], "content_span": [48, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071307-0007-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Israel State Cup, Results, Fourth round\nThe match between Hapoel Jerusalem and Hapoel Petah Tikva was abandoned at the 60th minute due to weather conditions and was replayed on 12 December 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 47], "content_span": [48, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071307-0008-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Israel State Cup, Results, Fourth round\nMaccabi Tel Aviv were on the brink of elimination, as they were losing 1\u20132 at Hapoel Kiryat Haim, before scoring a 90th-minute equalizer, and winning the match in extra time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 47], "content_span": [48, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071307-0009-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Israel State Cup, Results, Quarter-finals\nIn early March 1954, Israel played the 1954 FIFA World Cup qualification return home matches against Yugoslavia and Greece, and then went on a two-month tour of South Africa. After the return of the national team, the quarter-final matches were played on 29 May 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 49], "content_span": [50, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071308-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Istanbul Football League\nThe 1953\u201354 \u0130stanbul Football League season was the 44th season of the league. Be\u015fikta\u015f JK won the league for the 13th time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071309-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Isthmian League\nThe 1953\u201354 season was the 39th in the history of the Isthmian League, an English football competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071310-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball team\nThe 1953\u201354  Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball team represented the University of Kansas during the 1953\u201354 college men's basketball season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071311-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Kentucky Wildcats men's basketball team\nThe 1953\u201354 Kentucky Wildcats men's basketball team represented University of Kentucky. The head coach was Adolph Rupp. The team was a member of the Southeast Conference and played their home games at Memorial Coliseum. They were named national champions by the Helms Athletic Foundation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071311-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Kentucky Wildcats men's basketball team, Season summary\nThis team finished unbeaten a 25-0, and though it won the Southeastern Conference title and could have played in the NCAA tournament, it chose not to because star players Frank Ramsey, Cliff Hagan and Lou Tsioropoulos were ruled ineligible because they had already graduated. That rule has since been abolished, but it prevented the Wildcats from competing for the national championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 63], "content_span": [64, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071311-0002-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Kentucky Wildcats men's basketball team, Postseason\nThe Wildcats were the top-ranked team in the nation with a record of 25\u20130. Despite the undefeated season, the Wildcats did not participate in any post-season tournament. Three players (Lou Tsioropoulos, Frank Ramsey, and Cliff Hagan) had technically graduated the year before (when Kentucky was banned from playing a competitive schedule due to the point-shaving scandal a few years earlier), so those players were ruled ineligible for the NCAA tournament. Despite the wishes of the players, coach Adolph Rupp ultimately decided his team wouldn't play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 59], "content_span": [60, 612]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071311-0003-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Kentucky Wildcats men's basketball team, Team players drafted into the NBA\nNo one from the Wildcats was selected in the 1954 NBA Draft, as Ramsey, Hagan, and Tsioropoulos had been drafted the previous year, and those teams held their rights.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 82], "content_span": [83, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071312-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Klass B season\nThe 1953\u201354 Klass B season was the fourth season of the Klass B, the second level of ice hockey in the Soviet Union. Seven teams participated in the final tournament, and Dynamo Novosibirsk won the championship. Novosibirsk and Torpedo Gorky were promoted to the Soviet Championship League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071313-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 La Liga\nThe 1953\u201354 La Liga was the 23rd season since its establishment. Real Madrid conquered their third title, 21 years after their last one.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071314-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 La Salle Explorers men's basketball team\nThe 1953\u201354 La Salle Explorers men's basketball team represented La Salle University in the 1953\u201354 NCAA men's basketball season. The team's head coach was Ken Loeffler. La Salle won the 1954 NCAA Basketball Tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071314-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 La Salle Explorers men's basketball team, Season summary\nSome basketball historians have called La Salle star Tom Gola the Magic Johnson of his day because, at 6-7, he could play all five positions. But not even Magic piled up the kind of numbers Gola did in leading the Explorers to the 1954 national championship - 21.7 points and 23 rebounds per game. Guard Frank O\u2019Hara was Gola\u2019s capable running mate along with five sophomores who played complementary roles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 64], "content_span": [65, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071314-0002-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 La Salle Explorers men's basketball team, Season summary\nSophomore Robert Ames, later a CIA official killed in the 1983 bombing of the United States embassy in Beirut, Lebanon, averaged two points and one rebound in 14 games for the Explorers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 64], "content_span": [65, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071315-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Lancashire Cup\n1953\u201354 was the forty-first occasion on which the Lancashire Cup completion had been held. St. Helens won the trophy by beating Wigan by the score of 16\u20138. The match was played at Station Road, Pendlebury, (historically in the county of Lancashire). The attendance was 42,793 and receipts were \u00a36,918. The attendance was again a record, albeit only beating the previous record by about 250. Sport in general was now at its height of popularity, brought about by the ending of the Second World War, the new peace, the new affluence and more free time. Rugby League was no exception and this particular attendance record would never be broken.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 664]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071315-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Lancashire Cup, Background\nOverall, the number of teams entering this year's competition remained the same as last year's total of 14  The same pre-war fixture format was retained. This season saw no bye but one \u201cblank\u201d or \u201cdummy\u201d fixture in the first round. There was also one bye  but no \u201cblank\u201d fixture\u201d in the second round. As last season, all the first round matches of the competition will be played on the basis of two legged, home and away, ties \u2013 and the remainder of the rounds remaining on straight forward knock-out basis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071315-0002-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Lancashire Cup, Competition and results, Round 1 - First Leg\nInvolved  7 matches (with no bye and one \u201cblank\u201d fixture) and 14 clubs", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 68], "content_span": [69, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071315-0003-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Lancashire Cup, Competition and results, Round 1 \u2013 Second Leg\nInvolved  7 matches (with no bye and one \u201cblank\u201d fixture) and 14 clubs. These are the reverse fixture from the first leg", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 69], "content_span": [70, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071315-0004-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Lancashire Cup, Competition and results, Final, Teams and scorers\nScoring - Try = three (3) points - Goal = two (2) points - Drop goal = two (2) points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 73], "content_span": [74, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071315-0005-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Lancashire Cup, Competition and results, The road to success\nAll the first round ties were played on a two leg (home and away) basis. The first club named in each of the first round ties played the first leg at home. The scores shown in the first round are the aggregate score over the two legs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 68], "content_span": [69, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071315-0006-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Lancashire Cup, Notes and comments\n1 * The attendance of 42,793 was again a record, albeit only beating the previous record by about 250  This attendance record would never ever be equalled or beaten. The receipts were also a new record, but this would only stand for 5 years. 2 * Station Road was the home ground of Swinton from 1929 to 1932 and at its peak was one of the finest rugby league grounds in the country and it boasted a capacity of 40,000. The actual record attendance was for the Challenge Cup semi-final on 7 April 1951 when 44,621 watched Wigan beat Warrington 3-2", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 42], "content_span": [43, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071316-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Landsdelsserien\nThe 1953\u201354 Landsdelsserien was a Norwegian second-tier football league season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071316-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Landsdelsserien\nThe league was contested by 54 teams, divided into a total of seven groups from four districts; \u00d8stland/S\u00f8ndre, \u00d8stland/Nordre, S\u00f8rland/Vestre and M\u00f8re/Tr\u00f8ndelag. The two group winners in the \u00d8stland districts, Fram and V\u00e5lerengen promoted directly to the 1954\u201355 Hovedserien. The other five group winners qualified for promotion play-offs to compete for two spots in the following season's top flight. Brann and Ranheim won the play-offs and were promoted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071316-0002-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Landsdelsserien, Promotion play-offs\nBrann won 6\u20130 over Flekkefjord and were promoted to Hovedserien.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071316-0003-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Landsdelsserien, Promotion play-offs\nRanheim won 2\u20130 over Molde and were promoted to Hovedserien.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071317-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 League Algiers\nThe 1953\u201354 League Algiers Football Association season started on September 20, 1953 and ended on May 30, 1954. This is the 32nd edition of the championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071317-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 League Algiers, Final results, Division Honneur\nThe Division Honneur is the highest level of League Algiers Football Association, the equivalent of the elite for this league. It consists of twelve clubs who compete in both the title of \"Champion of Division Honneur\" and that of \"Champion of Algiers\", since it is the highest degree.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 55], "content_span": [56, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071318-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 League of Ireland, Overview\nIt was contested by 12 teams, and Shamrock Rovers won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 35], "content_span": [36, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071319-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Liga Alef\nThe 1953\u201354 Liga Alef season saw Maccabi Tel Aviv were crowned champions for the third successive time, whilst Eliezer Spiegel of Maccabi Petah Tikva was the league's top scorer with 16 goals. No clubs were relegated as the league was expanded to 14 clubs in the following season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071319-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Liga Alef\nAlthough league matches ended on 13 March 1954, the confirmation of the league's final standings was delayed, as a match between Maccabi Haifa and Maccabi Petah Tikva, which was played on 26 December 1953 and ended with a 3\u20132 win for Haifa, was claimed to be fixed, to allow Maccabi Haifa to win. Eventually, on 10 January 1955, the IFA decided to replay the match in a neutral venue, Maccabi Haifa won the rematch 4\u20131 and secured their spot in the top division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071319-0001-0001", "contents": "1953\u201354 Liga Alef\nHowever, with the IFA already deadlocked with an ongoing dispute between Hapoel and Maccabi, Beitar declared its resignation from the IFA in protest of the IFA decision to replay the Maccabi Haifa-Maccabi Petah Tikva match. Discussions were held with the help of Judge Yosef-Michael Lamm, and an agreement between the factions was reached on 28 January 1955, confirming the results of the season and reprieving Beitar Tel Aviv and Hapoel Balfouria from relegation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071319-0002-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Liga Alef\nThe league was played with two points for a win and one for a draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 85]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071320-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Liga Bet\nThe 1953\u201354 Liga Bet season saw Hapoel Hadera (champions of the North Division) and Beitar Jerusalem (champions of the South Division) promoted to Liga Alef.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071320-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Liga Bet\nDegel Yehuda Haifa and Hapoel Dror Haifa were both relegated from the North Division. Hapoel Herzliya and Hapoel Mishmar HaShiv'a were both relegated from the South Division, whilst Maccabi Rishon LeZion collapsed and withdrew from the league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071321-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Liverpool F.C. season\nThe 1953\u201354 season was the 61st season in Liverpool F.C. 's existence, and would be their last season in the First Division for eight years, after they finished bottom of the table. This was after forty-nine unbroken seasons in the top flight.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071322-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Luxembourg National Division\nThe 1953\u201354 Luxembourg National Division was the 40th season of top level association football in Luxembourg.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071322-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Luxembourg National Division, Overview\nIt was performed in 12 teams, and Jeunesse Esch won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 46], "content_span": [47, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071323-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Macedonian Republic League\nThe 1953\u201354 Macedonian Republic League was the 10th since its establishment. Pobeda Prilep won their second championship title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071324-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Maltese Premier League\nThe 1953\u201354 Maltese First Division was the 39th season of top-tier football in Malta. It was contested by 8 teams, and Sliema Wanderers F.C. won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071325-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Manchester United F.C. season\nThe 1953\u201354 season was Manchester United's 52nd season in the Football League, and their ninth consecutive season in the top division of English football.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071325-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Manchester United F.C. season\nUnited finished the season in fourth place, recovering well after an eight-match winless start. Top scorer for the season was Tommy Taylor, who in his first full season at the club scored 22 goals in the league and a further goal in the FA Cup. 20-year-old striker Dennis Viollet established himself in the first team this season and scored 12 goals, and 17-year-old Duncan Edwards gradually displaced the veteran Henry Cockburn at left-half.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071326-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Mansfield Town F.C. season\nThe 1953\u201354 season was Mansfield Town's 16th season in the Football League and 11th season in the Third Division North, they finished in 7th position with 51 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071327-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Mexican Primera Divisi\u00f3n season\nStatistics of the Primera Divisi\u00f3n de M\u00e9xico for the 1953\u201354 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071327-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Mexican Primera Divisi\u00f3n season, Overview\nThe season was contested by 12 teams, and Marte won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 49], "content_span": [50, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071328-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Mexican Segunda Divisi\u00f3n season\nThe 1953\u201354 Mexican Segunda Divisi\u00f3n was the 3rd season of the Mexican Segunda Divisi\u00f3n. The season started on 9 August 1953 and concluded on 24 January 1954. It was won by Irapuato.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071328-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Mexican Segunda Divisi\u00f3n season\nInitially, 13 teams took part in the competition. However, on 11 October 1953, after a match against San Sebasti\u00e1n, the bus that transported the squad of Veracruz suffered an accident and some of the players died. After this incident, Veracruz was dissolved and all the matches played by the club were annulled.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071329-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team\nThe 1953\u201354 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team represented the University of Michigan in intercollegiate basketball during the 1953\u201354 season. The team finished the season with an overall record of 9\u201313 and 3\u201311 against Big Ten Conference opponents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071329-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team\nWilliam Perigo was in his second year as the team's head coach. Jim Barron was the team's leading scorer with 377 points in 22 games for an average of 17.1 points per game. Ray Pavichevich was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071330-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Milwaukee Hawks season\nThe 1953\u201354 NBA season was the Hawks' fifth season in the NBA and third season in Milwaukee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071331-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Minneapolis Lakers season\nThe 1953\u201354 Minneapolis Lakers season was the sixth season for the franchise in the National Basketball Association (NBA). The Lakers won the Western Division with a 46\u201326 record. George Mikan was hampered by knee troubles as he averaged only 18.1 points per game. The Lakers signed a promising rookie named Clyde Lovellette, who was able to alleviate the pressure on Mikan. In the first round, the Lakers won 3 straight to face the Rochester Royals in the Western Finals. The Lakers would beat the Royals to qualify for the NBA Finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 570]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071331-0000-0001", "contents": "1953\u201354 Minneapolis Lakers season\nIn the finals, the Lakers and Syracuse Nationals alternated wins. In the end, the Lakers emerged with their 3rd straight title, and 5th overall in the franchise's first six seasons in the NBA. They became the first NBA team to win three consecutive NBA championships. In the seventh and final game, the Lakers won by a score of 87\u201380, for the franchise's final NBA title before their relocation to Los Angeles in 1960. Following the season, Mikan would announce his retirement.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071331-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Minneapolis Lakers season\nThe Lakers would not win another NBA championship until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 95]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071332-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Montenegrin Republic League\nThe 1953\u201354 Montenegrin Republic League was 9th season of Montenegrin Republic League. Season began in September 1953 and ended in April 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071332-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Montenegrin Republic League, Season\nFor the first time after season 1948\u201349, Montenegrin Republic League played during the two half-seasons (autumn - spring). As previous season winner and runner-up (Budu\u0107nost and Lov\u0107en) played in Yugoslav Second League, among the eight members of 1953-54 Montenegrin Republic League were Sutjeska, Bokelj, Arsenal, Breznik, Iskra, Mornar, Radni\u010dki Ivangrad and Jedinstvo Herceg Novi. From the very beginning of season, Bokelj and Sutjeska were two best-placed teams. After 14 weeks long championship, Bokelj won the title, with only one point more than second placed team from Nik\u0161i\u0107.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 43], "content_span": [44, 628]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071332-0002-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Montenegrin Republic League, Season, Qualifiers for Yugoslav Second League\nIn the qualifiers for Second League, Bokelj played against the winner of Republic League of SR Slovenia - Ljubljana. Montenegrin representative was better in two games and made comeback to Yugoslav Second League. With that success, season 1954-55 was first in which Montenegro had three clubs in Federal competitions of SFR Yugoslavia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 82], "content_span": [83, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071332-0003-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Montenegrin Republic League, Higher leagues\nOn season 1953-54, two Montenegrin teams played in higher leagues of SFR Yugoslavia. Both of them (Budu\u0107nost and Lov\u0107en) played in 1953\u201354 Yugoslav Second League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071333-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Montreal Canadiens season\nThe 1953\u201354 Montreal Canadiens season was the 45th season in franchise history. The team placed second in the regular season to qualify for the playoffs. The Canadiens lost in Stanley Cup final against Detroit Red Wings 4 games to 3.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071334-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 NBA season\nThe 1953\u201354 NBA season was the eighth season of the National Basketball Association. The season ended with the Minneapolis Lakers winning their 5th NBA Championship in 6 years, beating the Syracuse Nationals 4 games to 3 in the NBA Finals. It was also the final time the Lakers would win an NBA Championship before the franchise moved to Los Angeles in 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071334-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 NBA season, Playoffs\n* Division winnerBold Series winner (Division Round Robin Semifinals: top 2 advanced)Italic Team with home-court advantage in NBA Finals", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 28], "content_span": [29, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071334-0002-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 NBA season, Statistics leaders\nNote: Prior to the 1969\u201370 season, league leaders in points, rebounds, and assists were determined by totals rather than averages.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 38], "content_span": [39, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071335-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 NCAA men's basketball rankings\nThe 1953\u201354 NCAA men's basketball rankings was made up of two human polls, the AP Poll and the Coaches Poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071335-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 NCAA men's basketball rankings, UP Poll\nAll UP polls for this season included 20 teams, with the exception of the final poll (released on March 9, 1954) which included only 10 teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 47], "content_span": [48, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071336-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 NCAA men's basketball season\nThe 1953\u201354 NCAA men's basketball season began in December 1953, progressed through the regular season and conference tournaments, and concluded with the 1954 NCAA Basketball Tournament Championship Game on March 20, 1954, at Municipal Auditorium in Kansas City, Missouri. The La Salle Explorers won their first NCAA national championship with a 92\u201376 victory over the Bradley Braves.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071336-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 NCAA men's basketball season, Season outlook, Pre-season polls\nThe Top 20 from the AP Poll and the UP Coaches Poll during the pre-season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 70], "content_span": [71, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071336-0002-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 NCAA men's basketball season, Coaching changes\nA number of teams changed coaches during the season and after it ended.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 54], "content_span": [55, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071337-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 NCAA men's ice hockey season\nThe 1953\u201354 NCAA men's ice hockey season began in November 1953 and concluded with the 1954 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament's championship game on March 13, 1954 at the Broadmoor Ice Palace in Colorado Springs, Colorado. This was the 7th season in which an NCAA ice hockey championship was held and is the 59th year overall where an NCAA school fielded a team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071337-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 NCAA men's ice hockey season\nEntering the season, in an effort to more accurately reflect the geographic location of the member school, the MCHL changed the conference name to 'Western Intercollegiate Hockey League'.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071337-0002-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 NCAA men's ice hockey season, Regular season, Standings\nWhen teams met each other four times, one point was awarded for a win, one-half point for a tie. Maximum of 24 points available.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 63], "content_span": [64, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071337-0003-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 NCAA men's ice hockey season, Player stats, Scoring leaders\nThe following players led the league in points at the conclusion of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 67], "content_span": [68, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071337-0004-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 NCAA men's ice hockey season, Player stats, Scoring leaders\nGP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; PIM = Penalty minutes", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 67], "content_span": [68, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071337-0005-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 NCAA men's ice hockey season, Player stats, Leading goaltenders\nThe following goaltenders led the league in goals against average at the end of the regular season while playing at least 33% of their team's total minutes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 71], "content_span": [72, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071337-0006-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 NCAA men's ice hockey season, Player stats, Leading goaltenders\nGP = Games played; Min = Minutes played; W = Wins; L = Losses; OT = Overtime/shootout losses; GA = Goals against; SO = Shutouts; SV% = Save percentage; GAA = Goals against average", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 71], "content_span": [72, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071338-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 NHL season\nThe 1953\u201354 NHL season was the 37th season of the National Hockey League. Six teams each played 70 games. The Detroit Red Wings defeated the Montreal Canadiens in the final to win the team's sixth championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071338-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 NHL season, League business\nNational Hockey League (NHL) team owners gave notice to terminate the professional-amateur agreement with the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association (CAHA). The Canadian Press reported that the decision was to protect investments into amateur teams and to improve the financial return. The NHL proposed a new national junior ice hockey playoff format solely for teams sponsored by the NHL, instead of the existing Memorial Cup championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 35], "content_span": [36, 473]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071338-0001-0001", "contents": "1953\u201354 NHL season, League business\nCAHA president W. B. George predicted that the NHL would not last three years without the CAHA, and stated that it would end the current system which allowed a three-game tryout for an amateur with a professional team. In August 1953, the CAHA and NHL agreed in principle to a proposal that resumed east-west transfers of junior players, and increased the amount of profits to junior teams sponsored by the NHL. At the semi-annual meeting, the CAHA agreed to distribute playoffs funds proportional to the profit on a series-by-series basis, but rejected the request to resume transfers from west to east.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 35], "content_span": [36, 640]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071338-0002-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 NHL season, Regular season\nThe New York Rangers decided to drop Gump Worsley and went with Johnny Bower in goal this season. Bower did well, but not well enough to get the Rangers into the playoffs. However, the Rangers managed to come up with a fine rookie in Camille Henry who won the Calder Memorial Trophy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071338-0003-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 NHL season, Regular season\nOn December 9, the Montreal Canadiens played the Toronto Maple Leafs at Maple Leaf Gardens and the teams set a record of most penalties in a game. The trouble started when Montreal's Eddie Mazur got into a fight with Toronto's George Armstrong in the first period. Both received game misconduct penalties. Early in the second period, Bud MacPherson broke his stick on the ribs of Toronto's Ron Stewart. He chose not to retaliate until a more opportune time. It came at 18:12 of the third period when Stewart and MacPherson collided again.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071338-0003-0001", "contents": "1953\u201354 NHL season, Regular season\nThis time they pushed and shoved and the gloves came off and they began to pummel each other. Tom Johnson came to MacPherson's aid by putting a headlock on Stewart and Stewart threw a punch that landed on Johnson's jaw. Stewart pursued MacPherson again, now that he was in combat with Eric Nesterenko of Toronto and soon the benches emptied and everyone was fighting except Maurice Richard and Tim Horton who merely grabbed each other's sweaters. Referee Frank Udvari handed out 36 penalties, including 15 misconducts for a record 204 minutes in penalties. With almost 2 minutes left in the game, only 8 players from each team excluding the goaltenders Gerry McNeil and Harry Lumley, who did battle in the brawl, were permitted to finish the game. Almost forgotten was that Toronto won the game 3\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 834]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071338-0004-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 NHL season, Regular season\nThere were persistent rumours that the Chicago Black Hawks would fold due to the poor performance of the team and fans staying away in droves. NHL president Clarence Campbell discussed the problems with Arthur M. Wirtz and it was announced that the rumours were without foundation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071338-0005-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 NHL season, Regular season\nCampbell was busy this year imposing fines and suspensions. As a result of pushing referee Frank Udvari into the boards during a November 12 game, Bernie Geoffrion was fined $250. Later, in a December 20 game, he and Ron Murphy engaged in stick swinging which left Murphy with a broken jaw. Both players were suspended.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071338-0006-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 NHL season, Regular season\nThere was trouble brewing for Maurice Richard when he ghosted an article in the Samedi Dimanche newspaper, calling NHL president Clarence Campbell a dictator and took exception to Campbell's suspension of Bernie \"Boom Boom\" Geoffrion for the stick swinging incident. Richard was required to post a $1000 bond and refrain from any more articles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071338-0007-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 NHL season, Regular season\nThe Detroit Red Wings were first overall in the National Hockey League for the sixth straight season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071338-0008-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 NHL season, Playoffs\nAfter losing four straight games to the Montreal Canadiens, Boston Bruins general manager Art Ross, their manager from the day the Bruins came into the NHL, announced his retirement. He had been grooming Lynn Patrick to succeed him and Patrick took over as general manager.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 28], "content_span": [29, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071338-0009-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 NHL season, Awards\nThe James Norris Memorial Trophy made its debut this season and its first winner was Red Kelly of the Detroit Red Wings. The Norris Trophy goes to the top defenceman each year and was named in honour of James E. Norris, owner of the Detroit Red Wings franchise from 1932 until his death in 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 26], "content_span": [27, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071338-0010-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 NHL season, Player statistics, Scoring leaders\nNote: GP = Games played, G = Goals, A = Assists, Pts = Points, PIM = Penalties in minutes", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 54], "content_span": [55, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071338-0011-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 NHL season, Player statistics, Leading goaltenders\nNote: GP = Games played; Min \u2013 Minutes Played; GA = Goals Against; GAA = Goals Against Average; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; SO = Shutouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 58], "content_span": [59, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071338-0012-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 NHL season, Debuts\nThe following is a list of players of note who played their first NHL game in 1953\u201354 (listed with their first team, asterisk(*) marks debut in playoffs):", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 26], "content_span": [27, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071338-0013-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 NHL season, Last games\nThe following is a list of players of note who played their last game in the NHL in 1953\u201354 (listed with their last team):", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 30], "content_span": [31, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071339-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 NK Dinamo Zagreb season\nThe 1953\u201354 season was Dinamo Zagreb's eighth season in the Yugoslav First League. They finished 1st in the league, winning their second league title, with one point ahead of runners-up Partizan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071339-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 NK Dinamo Zagreb season, Players, Squad\nNote: The following is the full list of players who appeared in league matches for Dinamo in the 1953\u201354 season. However, only players who started at least 10 league games are included in historic records as having been members of the championship-winning squad, according to NK Dinamo Zagreb's 1945\u20131985 official almanac. Those players are listed in bold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 47], "content_span": [48, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071339-0002-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 NK Dinamo Zagreb season, Players, Squad\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 47], "content_span": [48, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071339-0003-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 NK Dinamo Zagreb season, Players, Statistics\nThe following table lists appearances and goals of all players who represented Dinamo in the 1953\u201354 season. Only league matches and goals are taken into account. Dionizije Dvorni\u0107 and Vladimir \u010con\u010d are the only two players who appeared in all 26 league matches of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 52], "content_span": [53, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071340-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 National Football League (Ireland)\nThe 1953\u201354 National Football League was the 23rd staging of the National Football League (NFL), an annual Gaelic football tournament for the Gaelic Athletic Association county teams of Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071340-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 National Football League (Ireland)\nCarlow reached their only final to date, and opened well, leading Mayo by 0-2 to 0-1 after ten minutes. But then the 'flying doctor' P\u00e1draig Carney, who came home from America for the game, levelled before Tommy Langan punched a goal from a Carney centre in the 26th minute. Mayo's second goal from M. Flanagan in the 10th minute of the second-half ended Carlow's dreams of National League glory, and gave Mayo their ninth NFL win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071340-0002-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 National Football League (Ireland), Format\nTeams are placed into Divisions I, II, III and IV. The top team in each division reaches the semi-finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 50], "content_span": [51, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071340-0003-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 National Football League (Ireland), Results, Division\nCarlow won, ahead of Kerry, Cork, Wexford, Kildare, Waterford and Tipperary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 61], "content_span": [62, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071340-0004-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 National Football League (Ireland), Results, Division III\nMayo won, finishing ahead of Longford, Westmeath, Sligo, Leitrim, Meath and Cavan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 65], "content_span": [66, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071341-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 National Hurling League\nThe 1953\u201354 National Hurling League was the 23rd season of the NHL, an annual hurling competition for the GAA county teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071342-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Nationalliga A, Overview\nIt was contested by 14 teams, and FC La Chaux-de-Fonds won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 32], "content_span": [33, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071343-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Nationalliga A season\nThe 1953\u201354 Nationalliga A season was the 16th season of the Nationalliga A, the top level of ice hockey in Switzerland. Eight teams participated in the league, and EHC Arosa won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071344-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Netherlands Football League Championship\nThe Netherlands Football League Championship 1953\u20131954 was contested by 56 teams participating in four divisions. It would be the last season on an amateur basis. The national champion would be determined by a play-off featuring the winners of each division of the Netherlands. FC Eindhoven won this year's championship by beating DOS, PSV Eindhoven and DWS.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071345-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 New York Knicks season\nThe 1953\u201354 New York Knicks season was the eighth season for the team in the National Basketball Association (NBA). New York won its second straight regular season Eastern Division title with a 44\u201328 record, which placed them two games ahead of the Boston Celtics and Syracuse Nationals. The first round of the 1954 NBA Playoffs consisted of round-robin tournaments, where the top three teams in each division played each other in home and away matchups. The Knicks went 0\u20134 against the Celtics and Nationals, and did not qualify for the Eastern Division Finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071345-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 New York Knicks season, NBA Draft\nNote: This is not an extensive list; it only covers the first and second rounds, and any other players picked by the franchise that played at least one game in the league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071346-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 New York Rangers season\nThe 1953\u201354 New York Rangers season saw the Rangers finish in fifth place in the National Hockey League (NHL) with a record of 29 wins, 31 losses, and 10 ties for 68 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071346-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 New York Rangers season, Playoffs\nThe Rangers failed to qualify for the 1954 Stanley Cup playoffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 41], "content_span": [42, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071346-0002-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 New York Rangers season, Player statistics\n\u2020Denotes player spent time with another team before joining Rangers. Stats reflect time with Rangers only. \u2021Traded mid-season. Stats reflect time with Rangers only.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 50], "content_span": [51, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071347-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 New Zealand rugby union tour of Britain, Ireland, France and North America\nThe 1953\u201354 New Zealand rugby union tour of Britain, Ireland, France and North America was a rugby union tour undertaken by the New Zealand national team which toured Europe and North America. The team was captained by Bob Stuart.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 82], "section_span": [82, 82], "content_span": [83, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071347-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 New Zealand rugby union tour of Britain, Ireland, France and North America\nBetween October 1953 and March 1954, the team played 36 games including four test matches, one each against Ireland, England, Wales, and France. They won all but four games, losing only to Cardiff, Wales, France and South West France.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 82], "section_span": [82, 82], "content_span": [83, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071348-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Newport County A.F.C. season\nThe 1953\u201354 season was Newport County's seventh consecutive season in the Third Division South since relegation from the Second Division at the end of the 1946\u201347 season. It was the club's 25th season in the third tier and 26th season overall in the Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071349-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 North Carolina Tar Heels men's basketball team\nThe 1953\u201354 North Carolina Tar Heels men's basketball team represented the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. The head coach was Frank McGuire. The team played its home games at Woollen Gymnasium in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, and was a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071349-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 North Carolina Tar Heels men's basketball team\n1953\u201354Record:\t11\u201310;\tH:\t7\u20133,\tA:\t4\u20133,\tN:\t1\u20134ACC\t5\u20136,\t5th\tPlace", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071349-0002-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 North Carolina Tar Heels men's basketball team, Schedule and results\nJanuary 16\tVirginia\tH\tW\t78\u201366January 19\tNC State\tH\tL\t77\u201384February 2\tWashington and Lee\tLY\tW\t69\u201360February 4\tDuke (-/8)\tA\tL\t47\u201363February 8\tVirginia\tA\tL\t69\u201383February 11\tWake Forest\tH\tL\t62\u201376February 13\tClemson (-/14)\tA\tW\t72\u201356February 16\tDavidson\tH\tW\t89\u201369February 20\tDuke (-/14)\tH\tL\t63\u201367February 24\tNC State\tA\tL\t48\u201357February 27\tThe Citadel\tA\tW\t79\u201352ACC TournamentMarch 4\tNC State (-/18)\tRAL\tL\t51\u201352", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 76], "content_span": [77, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071350-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Northern Football League\nThe 1953\u201354 Northern Football League season was the 56th in the history of the Northern Football League, a football competition in Northern England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071350-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Northern Football League, Clubs\nThe league featured 14 clubs which competed in the last season, no new clubs joined the league this season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 39], "content_span": [40, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071351-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Northern Rugby Football League season\nThe 1953\u201354 Rugby Football League season was the 59th season of rugby league football played in England. The championship, which involved thirty teams, started in August, 1953 and culminated in a finals play-off series in April, 1954 which resulted in a championship final between Warrington and Halifax. The season was also punctuated by the 1954 Rugby League World Cup, the first ever, and is also notable for its Challenge Cup final, which was drawn and had to be re-played, attracting a world record crowd for a rugby football match of either code.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 598]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071351-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Northern Rugby Football League season, Season summary\nThe 1953\u201354 season saw Brian Bevan become the highest try scorer in rugby league history when he passed the 446 tries mark set by Alf Ellaby.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 61], "content_span": [62, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071351-0002-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Northern Rugby Football League season, Season summary\nWarrington won the Lancashire League, and Halifax won the Yorkshire League. St. Helens beat Wigan 16\u20138 to win the Lancashire County Cup, and Bradford Northern beat Hull F.C. 7\u20132 to win the Yorkshire County Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 61], "content_span": [62, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071351-0003-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Northern Rugby Football League season, Championship, Play-offs, Final\nThe Championship Final was played between Warrington and Halifax on 8 May (three days after the epic Challenge Cup re-play) at Maine Road before a crowd of 36,519. The match was televised by the BBC and it was a tremendous defensive effort that helped Warrington to a narrow 8\u20137 win, with Bath kicking 4 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 77], "content_span": [78, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071351-0004-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Northern Rugby Football League season, Challenge Cup\nThe 1954 Challenge Cup was the 53rd staging of rugby league's oldest knockout competition, the Challenge Cup. It featured clubs from the 1953\u201354 Northern Rugby Football League season and is notable for its Final which had to be replayed before possibly the largest crowd in rugby league history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 60], "content_span": [61, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071352-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Norwegian 1. Divisjon season\nThe 1953\u201354 Norwegian 1. Divisjon season was the 15th season of ice hockey in Norway. Eight teams participated in the league, and Furuset IF won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071353-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Norwegian Main League\nThe 1953\u20131954 Hovedserien was the 10th completed season of top division football in Norway.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071353-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Norwegian Main League, Overview\nIt was contested by 16 teams, and Fredrikstad FK won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071354-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 OB I bajnoksag season\nThe 1953\u201354 OB I bajnoks\u00e1g season was the 17th season of the OB I bajnoks\u00e1g, the top level of ice hockey in Hungary. Seven teams participated in the league, and Postas Budapest won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071355-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Oberliga\nThe 1953\u201354 Oberliga  was the ninth season of the Oberliga, the first tier of the football league system in West Germany and the Saar Protectorate. The league operated in five regional divisions, Berlin, North, South, Southwest and West. The five league champions and the runners-up from the south then entered the 1954 German football championship which was won by Hannover 96. It was Hannover's second national championship, having previously won it in 1938 in an epic final against FC Schalke 04 that saw two extra time games before Hannover won 4\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 570]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071355-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Oberliga\nHannover 96 equaled the Oberliga start record set in 1952\u201353 by 1. FC K\u00f6ln, winning its first eleven games, a mark later equaled by Hamburger SV in 1961\u201362 but never surpassed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071355-0002-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Oberliga\nA similar-named league, the DDR-Oberliga, existed in East Germany, set at the first tier of the East German football league system. The 1953\u201354 DDR-Oberliga was won by Turbine Erfurt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071355-0003-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Oberliga, Oberliga Nord\nThe 1953\u201354 season saw two new clubs in the league, Eintracht Braunschweig and Victoria Hamburg, both promoted from the Amateurliga. The league's top scorer was Fritz Apel (Arminia Hannover) and Werner Heitkamp (FC St. Pauli) with 21 goals each. Hannover 96 became the only team other than Hamburger SV to win the Oberliga Nord as the latter won 15 of the possible 16 league championships from 1947 to 1963 but missed out in 1953\u201354.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 31], "content_span": [32, 465]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071355-0004-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Oberliga, Oberliga Berlin\nThe 1953\u201354 season saw two new clubs in the league, Kickers 1900 Berlin and Hertha Zehlendorf, both promoted from the Amateurliga Berlin. The league's top scorer was Hermann Paul of Berliner SV 1892 with 19 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 33], "content_span": [34, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071355-0005-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Oberliga, Oberliga West\nThe 1953\u201354 season saw two new clubs in the league, Rheydter SV and VfL Bochum, both promoted from the 2. Oberliga West. The league's top scorer was Hans Sch\u00e4fer of 1. FC K\u00f6ln with 26 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 31], "content_span": [32, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071355-0006-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Oberliga, Oberliga S\u00fcdwest\nThe 1953\u201354 season saw two new clubs in the league, ASV Landau and VfR Frankenthal, both promoted from the 2. Oberliga S\u00fcdwest. The league's top scorer was Herbert Martin of 1. FC Saarbr\u00fccken with 35 goals, the highest total for any scorer in the five Oberligas in 1953\u201354.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 34], "content_span": [35, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071355-0007-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Oberliga, Oberliga S\u00fcd\nThe 1953\u201354 season saw two new clubs in the league, Jahn Regensburg and KSV Hessen Kassel, both promoted from the 2. Oberliga S\u00fcd. The league's top scorer was Helmut Preisend\u00f6rfer (Kickers Offenbach) and Horst Schade (1. FC N\u00fcrnberg) with 22 goals each.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 30], "content_span": [31, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071355-0008-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Oberliga, German championship\nThe 1954 German football championship was contested by the six qualified Oberliga teams and won by Hannover 96, defeating 1. FC Kaiserslautern in the final. The six clubs played single round of matches at neutral grounds in two groups of three. The two group winners then advanced to the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 37], "content_span": [38, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071356-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Oberliga (ice hockey) season\nThe 1953-54 Oberliga season was the sixth season of the Oberliga, the top level of ice hockey in Germany. Eight teams participated in the league, and EV F\u00fcssen won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071357-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Panhellenic Championship\nThe 1953\u201354 Panhellenic Championship was the 18th season of the highest football league of Greece. There was an important innovation, as in its final phase, teams from the Greek region participated in a single group for the first time, bypassing the \"Athens - Piraeus - Thessaloniki\" triptych. The opportunity to claim the title of champion of a provincial team, was given for the first time in the period 1938-39, but where the championship was held in 2 groups. Olympiacos won their 10th championship being unbeaten for the 5th time in its history. The 6 clubs that participated in the final stage were as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 649]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071357-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Panhellenic Championship\nThe qualifying round matches took place from 10 October 1953 to 31 March 1954, while the final phase took place from 4 April to 21 July 1954. The point system was: Win: 3 points - Draw: 2 points - Loss: 1 point.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071358-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Penn State Nittany Lions basketball team\nThe 1953\u201354 Penn State Nittany Lions basketball team represented Pennsylvania State University in intercollegiate basketball during the 1953\u201354 season. The team finished the season with an 18\u20136 record and made it to the 1950 NCAA Tournament's Final Four, their only Final Four appearance in school history. Penn State posted an upset of eighth-ranked Louisiana State University and ended Notre Dame's 18-game winning streak to advance to Kansas City where they eventually finished third after a loss to eventual champion La Salle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 579]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071359-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Philadelphia Warriors season\nThe 1953\u201354 NBA season was the Warriors' 8th season in the NBA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071360-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Polska Liga Hokejowa season\nThe 1953\u201354 Polska Liga Hokejowa season was the 19th season of the Polska Liga Hokejowa, the top level of ice hockey in Poland. 10 teams participated in the league, and Legia Warszawa won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071361-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Port Vale F.C. season\nThe 1953\u201354 season was Port Vale's 42nd season of football in the English Football League, and their fifth season overall in the Third Division North. Freddie Steele's side were crowned Third Division North champions with 69 points out of a possible 92, eleven points ahead of their nearest rivals. They also reached the semi-finals of the FA Cup, and would be denied an appearance in the final due to a controversial goal from a dubious penalty. These achievements were based upon a record-breaking 'Iron Curtain' defence, and a solid squad of nineteen players, most of whom had taken the club to second in the league the previous season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 669]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071361-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Port Vale F.C. season\nSeven still-standing club records were set this season, including three Football League records. One Football League record was for the fewest Football League goals conceded in a 46 match season \u2013 26, just over one every two games. Just five of these were conceded at home, another Football League record. This was based upon 30 clean sheets, again a Football League record. They also recorded a club record low of three league defeats, and a club record home clean sheet streak of eleven matches, lasting from 7 September 1953 to 13 February 1954. Another club record was a streak of six away draws, lasting from 20 March to 26 April. They were undefeated at home all season, continuing a 42 match unbeaten run started on 8 November 1952, that would last until 18 September 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 810]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071361-0002-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Port Vale F.C. season\nThe key players that formed the first eleven of 1953\u201354 were: Ray King (goalkeeper); Reg Potts and Stan Turner (full-backs); Tommy Cheadle, Albert Leake, Roy Sproson (half-backs); Colin Askey, John Cunliffe, Ken Griffiths, Basil Hayward, and Albert Mullard (forwards); Derek Tomkinson (reserve forward). Their achievements came as a team, without any outstanding stars, which caused The Sentinel to remark that the whole team were stars.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071361-0003-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Port Vale F.C. season, Pre-season\nThe pre-season saw no new signings as the young, mostly local squad that had finished second in the 1952\u201353 campaign was enough for manager Freddie Steele. Steele signed a three-year contract following his success the previous season. He considered signing Stoke City goalkeeper Dennis Herod, and the two parties held talks before he was instead sold to Stockport County for \u00a3500. Alf Jones was given his first professional contract, whilst Selwyn Whalley (who was training to become teacher), Harry Oliver and John Poole (both engineering apprentices) all were given part-time professional contracts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 643]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071361-0003-0001", "contents": "1953\u201354 Port Vale F.C. season, Pre-season\nDon Bould and Ron Fitzgerald returned from national service to become full-time professionals. This gave the club a total of 21 full-time professionals, six part-time players and ten players aged 17\u201321 who could only play and train if they could find time off from their compulsory two-year national service. The strip was a traditional white shirt with black shorts, whilst the change kit of red and white stripes were donated by a friend of one of the club's directors, who was a Sunderland supporter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071361-0004-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Port Vale F.C. season, Pre-season\nThere was only one public pre-season friendly on 13 August, which saw the club's first team take on the reserves; it ended with a surprise 4\u20132 victory for the reserves, Roland Lewis scoring a hat-trick. Pre -season training consisted primarily of assistant manager Ken Fish leading a marathon running session from Burslem to Hanley and back to Burslem following a stop at a pub for a half-pint of shandy. After returning to the ground Fish would organise a practise game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071361-0004-0001", "contents": "1953\u201354 Port Vale F.C. season, Pre-season\nThe fitness work was actually crucial to the team's success, as Steele was ahead of his time in that he insisted that wide players should defend when the opposition were on the ball, in order to support the defence. Superstition was of great importance to Steele, who ensured that the team rigidly stuck their pre-match rituals such as the intricacies of kit layout and the order in which players entered the pitch.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071361-0005-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Port Vale F.C. season, Third Division North\nThe season began with a 2\u20131 win over Mansfield Town at Field Mill on 19 August; Chris Marron put Mansfield ahead on 52 minutes, before Roy Sproson scored the equaliser on 69 minutes, Basil Hayward scored the winning goal three minutes later after being the first to react to the rebound that came when Colin Askey's shot hit the crossbar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 51], "content_span": [52, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071361-0005-0001", "contents": "1953\u201354 Port Vale F.C. season, Third Division North\nThe main surprise in the line-up of the opening day was that goalkeeper Ray Hancock had been dropped in favour of Ray King after King impressed in the pre-season friendly, the club's positive season meant that Hancock was unable to win back his place in the side. Vale were then held to two consecutive goalless draws but remained unbeaten in their first seven league games, conceding just two goals. This run included a 3\u20130 win over Darlington at Feethams, and a 4\u20130 win over Barrow in which Hayward scored a hat-trick. They had risen to the top of the table by the third game of the season and remained in first place until the end of the season. Of the Barrow first eleven that day three of the players were brothers: Jack, Alan and Bert Keen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 51], "content_span": [52, 798]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071361-0006-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Port Vale F.C. season, Third Division North\nVale lost by a single goal at Redheugh Park against Gateshead on 12 September; Vale, playing in their change kit, were beaten by a 57th-minute goal from John Ingham. This brought to an end the club's then-record streak of 16 games unbeaten. Four days later Vale recorded a 2\u20131 win over Bradford Park Avenue at the Horsfall Stadium despite Reg Potts being injured with a swollen ankle early in the match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 51], "content_span": [52, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071361-0006-0001", "contents": "1953\u201354 Port Vale F.C. season, Third Division North\nA 2\u20130 home win over Workington on 19 September began a sequence of five clean sheets, with Jim Elsby standing in for Potts as Steele changed the starting line-up for the first time in eight games \u2013 this brought Potts' run of 73 consecutive appearances to an end. The defensive fivesome of keeper Ray King, Tommy Cheadle, Reg Potts, Stan Turner and Roy Sproson began to be known as 'the Iron Curtain' or 'the Steele Curtain' (a play on the manager's name).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 51], "content_span": [52, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071361-0006-0002", "contents": "1953\u201354 Port Vale F.C. season, Third Division North\nA 21 September game against nearby unbeaten Crewe Alexandra was billed as a 'crunch clash' between first and second, and a Sproson goal on 87 minutes won the match for the Vale. For the return a week later a stadium record 17,883 packed into Gresty Road to witness a goalless draw at Crewe. The attendance figures were helped by the management team of the Crewe Works, who allowed their workforce to leave work an hour early in order to make it for the 5:10pm kick-off. The draw was achieved despite injuries to Albert Leake, Hayward and John Cunliffe, who were replaced by Derek Tomkinson, Roland Lewis and Mick Hulligan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 51], "content_span": [52, 674]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071361-0007-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Port Vale F.C. season, Third Division North\nOn 3 October, Vale secured the biggest ever win at Vale Park when they beat York City 5\u20130. Seven days later Vale's clean sheet streak came to an end, though they still secured a 2\u20131 victory over Chesterfield at Saltergate; Cyril Hatton was the scorer for Chesterfield, though it proved not enough to save his team's unbeaten home record. Albert Mullard had a penalty kick saved towards the end of the game by goalkeeper Ron Powell, the only one of two penalties the club were awarded throughout the campaign. Vale then beat Tranmere Rovers 2\u20130 after their defence successfully contained the threat posed by the division's then-top scorer Cyril Done. The following week they won 1\u20130 at Halifax Town in a game where Ken Griffiths hit the woodwork three times.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 51], "content_span": [52, 809]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071361-0008-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Port Vale F.C. season, Third Division North\nOn 7 November, Vale conceded twice in one game for the first time in the season, as Peel Park saw their Accrington Stanley side achieve a 2\u20132 draw with the Vale. Vale lost a two-goal lead in the match, as Ian Brydon scored after the ball got stuck in the mud and then Les Cocker scored the equalising goal after Ray King failed to hold on to a shot. By this time Vale were building a significant point advantage over the rest of the league. On 28 November, Ken Griffiths scored a hat-trick as Vale 'tore apart' a poor Rochdale side 6\u20130, exceeding the record Vale Park win that had been set only two months earlier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 51], "content_span": [52, 666]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071361-0009-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Port Vale F.C. season, Third Division North\nSteele was investigated by a joint FA/Football League inquiry for his time as Mansfield Town manager in regard to suspected illegal payments \u2013 found guilty, he was given a \u00a3250 fine. The good run of results continued though, as they beat fifth-placed Barnsley 1\u20130 at Oakwell through a Hayward goal. On Christmas Day and Boxing Day Vale recorded two 1\u20130 wins over Chester, with Hayward again the only player to find the net. Captain Tommy Cheadle pulled a hamstring against Chester, and lost his place in the team as Steele moved the positions around to accommodate Derek Tomkinson in the team. Roland Lewis was made available on a free transfer in December, and moved to non-league side Witton Albion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 51], "content_span": [52, 753]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071361-0010-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Port Vale F.C. season, Third Division North\nThe club were granted a licence to build a stand on the Railway Terrace at a cost of \u00a325,000. Vale struggled in the league in early 1954, losing 2\u20131 to Hartlepools United in a fierce wind at Victoria Park. Cheadle was again absent through injury, as two goals from Tommy McGuigan ended Vale's record run of 21 games unbeaten. Title rivals Gateshead then left Vale Park with a point after a goalless draw, ending the club's record run of 12 consecutive home victories.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 51], "content_span": [52, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071361-0011-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Port Vale F.C. season, Third Division North\nA shock came on 6 February, when Bill Shankly's Workington earned a 2\u20130 win at Borough Park \u2013 the only time in the season Vale lost by more than one goal. Seven days later Scunthorpe & Lindsey United left Vale Park with a point as the home side came close to finding the net on numerous occasions without success despite one shot from Hayward partially injuring goalkeeper Norman Malan after he struck the ball hard into Malan's jaw. Following this short run of poor form they next recorded a win against York City, securing a 1\u20130 victory at Bootham Crescent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 51], "content_span": [52, 611]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071361-0011-0001", "contents": "1953\u201354 Port Vale F.C. season, Third Division North\nOn 27 February, Chesterfield became the first away side to score at Vale Park since September, as they fought back from a two-goal deficit to win a point. Vale had previously conceded just one goal in 20 home games over an 11-month period, and had last conceded twice in a home league game on 30 August 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 51], "content_span": [52, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071361-0012-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Port Vale F.C. season, Third Division North\nOn 6 March, Tranmere Rovers striker Bill Bainbridge put his side ahead at Prenton Park, but the Vale equalised within two minutes and went on to win the game 3\u20131. They beat Halifax 2\u20130 the following week, with both goals coming in the last 14 minutes of the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 51], "content_span": [52, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071361-0012-0001", "contents": "1953\u201354 Port Vale F.C. season, Third Division North\nThe trip to face Carlisle United at Brunton Park five days later saw six players sit out with injuries, leaving Hancock, Tomkinson, Len Barber, Elsby, Hulligan and Alan Bennett all to make rare appearances; Ken Fish also took charge of the team as Freddie Steele was watching FA Cup opponents West Bromwich Albion. The game finished goalless, with both Hancock and \"Cumbrians\" goalkeeper Jimmy McLaren receiving praise for several excellent saves. Vale ended the month with a 1\u20130 victory over Accrington Stanley despite Barber missing the second and last penalty the club would be awarded in the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 51], "content_span": [52, 655]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071361-0013-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Port Vale F.C. season, Third Division North\nDespite playing twelve games in thirty days throughout April they remained unbeaten. On 10 April they thrashed Stockport County 7\u20130 in a ground record victory, with Hayward scoring a hat-trick \u2013 they were 6\u20130 up after 36 minutes but then proceeded to play at 'a pleasant trot'. The championship title was secured on 17 April at Spotland with a goalless draw with Rochdale. They conceded just two goals in their final seven league games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 51], "content_span": [52, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071361-0014-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Port Vale F.C. season, Third Division North\nVale finished top of the table with 69 points, eleven clear of second-placed Barnsley. Their 26 league goals conceded in a 46 games was a record. Just five of these were conceded at home, another Football League record. This was based upon 30 clean sheets, again a Football League record. Ray King kept 29 of these clean sheets, a record only equalled by Gillingham goalkeeper Jim Stannard in 1995\u201396. Vale's tally of just three league defeats was a club record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 51], "content_span": [52, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071361-0014-0001", "contents": "1953\u201354 Port Vale F.C. season, Third Division North\nThey were undefeated at home all season, continuing a 42 match unbeaten run started on 8 November 1952, that would last until 18 September 1954. Their achievements was built on a settled squad of nineteen players, twelve of which played regularly. They were the first team to play 54 competitive games in a single season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 51], "content_span": [52, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071361-0015-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Port Vale F.C. season, FA Cup\nIn the FA Cup, a 3\u20131 win at Feethams took the Vale past league rivals Darlington in the First Round. Les Robson had put the \"Quakers\" ahead by half-time after Ray King miss-kicked a clearance, but the Vale controlled the game as soon as Albert Leake scored the equaliser.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071361-0016-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Port Vale F.C. season, FA Cup\nIn the Second Round Vale drew another league rival in Southport, who battled to a 1\u20131 draw at Haig Avenue on 12 December, Harry Whitworth's header cancelling out Basil Hayward's opener. The Vale players later admitted they were fortunate to come away with a draw, especially seen as Colin Askey and Albert Leake spent much of the game limping. Two days later Vale recorded a 2\u20130 win in the replay in what was a tough game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071361-0017-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Port Vale F.C. season, FA Cup\nIn the Third Round, Queens Park Rangers of the Third Division South were beaten 1\u20130 at Loftus Road. The pitch was muddy and the weather was pouring rain in a game that was inevitably poor in quality, settled in the 50th minute by Albert Leake following a long ball played by John Cunliffe.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071361-0018-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Port Vale F.C. season, FA Cup\nThe Fourth Round held First Division club Cardiff City in snowy conditions at Ninian Park. Vale won 2\u20130, and their victory was aided by the fact that Cardiff goalkeeper Ron Howells had to leave the pitch after 20 minutes after being knocked out following a collision with defender Derrick Sullivan, leaving his ten-man team to play 70 minutes with defender Alf Sherwood in goal. Vale attacked through the wings to get in numerous crosses to the box, from which Ken Griffiths and Albert Leake scored their goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071361-0018-0001", "contents": "1953\u201354 Port Vale F.C. season, FA Cup\nCentre-half Tommy Cheadle restricted centre-forward Trevor Ford to a quiet game, and at full-time the pair were full of bruises but still left the pitch with a handshake and a smile. Cardiff placed a \u00a325,000 transfer bid for winger Colin Askey, and after their offer was rejected Cardiff stated they were prepared to pay more than \u00a325,000, but Port Vale refused any negotiations. Other top clubs also made inquiries, but were all turned away.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071361-0019-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Port Vale F.C. season, FA Cup\nIn the Fifth Round, the \"Valiants\" faced holders Blackpool, and 42,000 tickets were sold for the clash at Vale Park. The victors of the 'Matthews Final' brought Stanley Matthews and six other internationals to Vale Park, as well a travelling contingent of 10,500. Albert Leake scored two goals on the waterlogged pitch, as his team put 'a dazzling display in attack and defence' and their 'hard-fighting, quick-on-the-ball play smothered Blackpool's intricate approach work'.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071361-0020-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Port Vale F.C. season, FA Cup\nIn the Sixth Round they faced Third Division South club Leyton Orient at Brisbane Road, as 8,000 Vale fans made up a 31,000 crowd. In the days leading up to the game thieves had stolen 1,200 matchday tickets and police were vigilant to catch out anyone who tried to enter the stadium with these stolen tickets.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071361-0020-0001", "contents": "1953\u201354 Port Vale F.C. season, FA Cup\nThe only goal of the game came from Leake \u2013 who struck the ball into the net after controlling the ball from a Hayward knock-down from an Askey corner \u2013 put Vale into the semi-finals, with the team 'delightedly mobbed' by supporters after the finish. Ray King made a name for himself in the dying moments of the game after making a save from a George Poulton shot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071361-0021-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Port Vale F.C. season, FA Cup\nThe 25,000 tickets Vale were allotted for the semi-final clash with West Bromwich Albion at Villa Park sold out on the first day. In all 100 coaches and 14 excursion trains took the supporters to Birmingham for the match on 27 March, at which time high-scoring West Brom were top of the First Division \u2013 in all 68,221 spectators packed into the stadium. This meant the match secured the club a total of \u00a320,086 in gate receipts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071361-0021-0001", "contents": "1953\u201354 Port Vale F.C. season, FA Cup\nKen Griffiths was unable to recover from a knee injury in time for the match and so was replaced by Derek Tomkinson, this was the first and only change to the first eleven throughout the cup run. In the match itself, Albion's 'constructive play' was halted by the Vale defence, and a Leake goal on 40 minutes saw Vale 1\u20130 up at half-time. The second half saw the \"Throstles\" switch to a long ball game, and on 62 minutes Cheadle was bustled off the ball and could only watch the equaliser cross the line.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071361-0021-0002", "contents": "1953\u201354 Port Vale F.C. season, FA Cup\nEight minutes later captain Cheadle was judged to have fouled George Lee just inside the penalty box, though the Port Vale players maintained that the challenge took place well outside of the box, and that Lee also handled the ball. Former \"Valiant\" star Ronnie Allen converted the resulting penalty. Later in the match Leake had an equalising goal disallowed for offside, and Vale therefore failed to be the first third-tier club to reach an FA Cup Final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071361-0022-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Port Vale F.C. season, FA Cup\n\"West Brom were top of the First Division at the time, but we were playing out of our skins and we should have gone through. We were devastated after the game. I guess it was just fate, it wasn't meant to be \u2013 but that doesn't make it any easier to take. They score two dodgy goals and we should have been going to Wembley. Their first goal was a fluke of an own goal which came off the back of Tommy Cheadle's head.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071361-0022-0001", "contents": "1953\u201354 Port Vale F.C. season, FA Cup\nPoor Tommy was as deaf as a door post and I was shouting at him to leave it, but he didn't hear me and he slipped and put it in the net\u00a0... Also, the penalty was never a penalty; the foul was easily outside the box. Looking at the television replays of the incident, even in grainy black and white, you can see that is obvious. Ronnie Allen, who used to play for Vale, took the penalty.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071361-0022-0002", "contents": "1953\u201354 Port Vale F.C. season, FA Cup\nHe used to practise them against me in those days, so I knew exactly where was going to hit it, and he knew that I knew. When he stepped up, though, he hammered it right into the corner. I got my fingertips to it, but it was hit too hard and flew into the net \u2013 and that was that, we were out.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071361-0023-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Port Vale F.C. season, Finances\nOn the financial side, a new profit of \u00a32,628 was recorded despite the only transfer activity being a \u00a3350 credit. Gate receipts had risen by more than \u00a311,000 to \u00a350,940 thanks to a then club record average attendance of 16,702. No first team players departed in the summer of 1954 due to the club's \"no buy, no sell\" policy. At the end of the season only four players were released: William Cook, F.Viggars, Alf Jones and Lovatt, whilst A.Wharton was made available on a free transfer. None of these five players would play a game in the Football League. In July 1954 the new stand at Vale Park was completed, providing cover for 4,500 seated and 12,000 standing spectators. The club charged \u00a32.50 for season tickets to the 42,000 (1,010 seated) capacity stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 805]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071361-0024-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Port Vale F.C. season, Finances\nOn 29 March 1954, the Vale team played an \"All-Star XI\" in order to raise money for former Port Vale playing staff who had given long service to the club. The All-Star team was as follows: Frank Swift, Bert Sproston, Andy Beattie, Bill Corkhill, Les McDowall, Joe Mercer, Sammy Crooks, Raich Carter, Freddie Steele, Tim Ward and Peter Doherty; the All-Stars won 2\u20131 with both goals coming from Steele, making the club's manager the first player to score two goals against the Vale in one match that season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071362-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Primeira Divis\u00e3o, Overview\nIt was contested by 14 teams, and Sporting Clube de Portugal won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071363-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Quaid-e-Azam Trophy\nThe 1953\u201354 season of the Quaid-i-Azam Trophy was the first edition of the tournament, and the inaugural first-class cricket competition played in Pakistan following its independence in 1947. One of the tournament's purposes was to help determine the Pakistan national side's squad for its tour of England in 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071363-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Quaid-e-Azam Trophy\nThe tournament was played as a knockout competition between seven teams representing both regions and government departments. Punjab received a bye through to the semi-finals to compensate for the odd number of teams. The final, played in Karachi, was contested between Punjab and Bahawalpur, with Bahawalpur winning by eight wickets. Two Bahawalpur players, Hanif Mohammad and Fazal Mahmood (both future Pakistan captains), led the competition in runs and wickets, respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071363-0002-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Quaid-e-Azam Trophy, Teams\nFive teams (Bahawalpur, Combined Services, Karachi, North-West Frontier Province, and Railways) made their first-class debuts in the tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 34], "content_span": [35, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071363-0003-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Quaid-e-Azam Trophy, Statistics, Most runs\nThe top five runscorers are included in this table, listed by runs scored and then by batting average.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071363-0004-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Quaid-e-Azam Trophy, Statistics, Most wickets\nThe top five wicket-takers are listed in this table, listed by wickets taken and then by bowling average.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 53], "content_span": [54, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071364-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 RPI Bachelors men's ice hockey season\nThe 1953\u201354 RPI Bachelors men's ice hockey team represented Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in intercollegiate college ice hockey during the 1953\u201354 NCAA men's ice hockey season. The head coach was Ned Harkness and the team co-captains were Frank Chiarelli and Jim Shildneck. The team won the 1954 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament. The team's leading scorer was Abbie Moore, who finished tied for second in the nation with 68 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071364-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 RPI Bachelors men's ice hockey season, Season\nComing off a Tri-State League championship and the program's first appearance in the NCAA tournament, Rensselaer was primed to build on the previous years' success with the top five scorers all returning for another season. Also from the previous campaign was starting netminder Bob Fox who was among the best goalies in the nation in 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 53], "content_span": [54, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071364-0002-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 RPI Bachelors men's ice hockey season, Season\nThe Bachelors opened their season with nine of their first ten games at home and used that to their advantage, sweeping the five games they played before the winter break. Their first big game came against Yale in New Haven where RPI would defeat a team that finished 4th in the east 4\u20132. After the break Rensselaer hosted their third Holiday Tournament and after winning games over Brown and Princeton they lost their first game of the season against St. Francis Xavier in the tournament championship. RPI won two more games, pushing their record to 9\u20131\u20130, before taking a week off in preparation for their weekend trip to Colorado.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 53], "content_span": [54, 687]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071364-0003-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 RPI Bachelors men's ice hockey season, Season\nPlaying at high altitude for the first time since the previous year's tournament Rensselaer came out flat against a decent Denver squad, dropping their first contest 3\u20138 and followed that up with an identical loss to Colorado College the next night. After a day off the Bachelors returned to Denver for a rematch with the Pioneers and though they lost once more the fared much better in the game, losing 2\u20133 as they seemed to finally find their skating legs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 53], "content_span": [54, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071364-0003-0001", "contents": "1953\u201354 RPI Bachelors men's ice hockey season, Season\nThree days later RPI was back in New York facing Hamilton on the road and despite the jet lag they trounced the Continentals 11\u20130. Two days later the Bachelors finally opened their conference schedule with a win at Clarkson but after another win at Middlebury they dropped a match at St. Lawrence 4\u20135.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 53], "content_span": [54, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071364-0004-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 RPI Bachelors men's ice hockey season, Season\nWith RPI in danger of losing a chance at the NCAA tournament to the Saints they had no margin for error and swept the rest of their schedule until the rematch with the Larries on March 5. The game had been sold out for months and when the teams met they produced one of the most exciting games ever held at Houston Field House. Rensselaer skated away with the victory, earning them a tie with St. Lawrence as the co-champions of the Tri-State League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 53], "content_span": [54, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071364-0004-0001", "contents": "1953\u201354 RPI Bachelors men's ice hockey season, Season\nDespite the victory, however, the Saints had a better record, going 18\u20133\u20131 over the course of the season and were expected to be picked for the tournament but a selection of coaches and officials chose the Bachelors to head to the championship instead. Rensselaer's appearance was such a surprise that St. Lawrence had been included on the tournament programs and had their logo on the wooden pennant hanging outside the Broadmoor World Arena.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 53], "content_span": [54, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071364-0005-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 RPI Bachelors men's ice hockey season, Season\nThe \"RIP\" Bachelors entered as the fourth seed and drew Michigan who, despite having a lesser record than Minnesota, was the three-time defending champion and was riding a 7-game tournament winning streak. Rensselaer would have to wait, however, as Boston College opened against the Golden Gophers and were mercilessly eviscerated by Minnesota, losing by the largest margin in tournament history (1\u201314). Rensselaer had been given no chance entering the tournament but after the first semifinal there was a feeling from the spectators that Michigan would produce an equally lopsided victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 53], "content_span": [54, 644]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071364-0005-0001", "contents": "1953\u201354 RPI Bachelors men's ice hockey season, Season\nWith all of the insults, slights and dismissals levied at their team the Bachelors responded in the only way they could; the small but fast team outskated the heavily favored Wolverines and with Gordie Peterkin recording a hat-trick, including the game-winner, Rensselaer won what was then considered the biggest upset the tournament had ever seen. Not only was their 6\u20134 win the first tournament victory by an eastern team over a western team in three years but it was the first time Rensselaer had ever defeated a western school.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 53], "content_span": [54, 585]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071364-0006-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 RPI Bachelors men's ice hockey season, Season\nWhile the defeated Wolverines took their frustrations out on their hotel rooms, the Bachelors had to prepare themselves for a showdown with the Golden Gophers the next night. The Bachelors opened the game with the first three goals of the contest, one from each of their top three scorers. While the crowd may have been stunned Minnesota was not and they came roaring back with four consecutive goals to take the lead in the third period.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 53], "content_span": [54, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071364-0006-0001", "contents": "1953\u201354 RPI Bachelors men's ice hockey season, Season\nJust when it looked like Rensselaer's chance at the title had slipped away Frank Chiarelli set up Abbie Moore for his second goal of the game to tie the score with 3:50 left in regulation and sent the game into overtime, the first time the championship game would need an extra period. The tying goal seemed to buoy RPI who came out of the intermission flying and before two minutes had elapsed Peterkin had notched his second winning goal of the tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 53], "content_span": [54, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071364-0007-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 RPI Bachelors men's ice hockey season, Season\nRensselaer's win was so improbably that it apparently flummoxed the voters for the tournament awards. Four Bachelors made their way onto the First All-Tournament Team: Bob Fox, Jim Pope, Frank Chiarelli and Gordie Peterkin. However it was Abbie Moore who was named as the Most Outstanding Player, the only time in tournament history that the MOP was not on the top team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 53], "content_span": [54, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071364-0008-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 RPI Bachelors men's ice hockey season, Season\nThe Bachelors returned home to a hero's welcome and, though few continued to play once their time at Rensselaer was over, the thirteen men who had earned one of the most improbable championships in history would be remembered by the RPI faithful.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 53], "content_span": [54, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071364-0009-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 RPI Bachelors men's ice hockey season, Season\nNote: In the Spring of 1953 the Student Body voted that 'Bachelors' would be the new nickname of all athletic teams for RPI. The moniker would revert to Engineers in 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 53], "content_span": [54, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071365-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Rangers F.C. season\nThe 1953\u201354 season was the 74th season of competitive football by Rangers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071365-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Rangers F.C. season, Overview\nRangers played a total of 46 competitive matches during the 1953\u201354 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071366-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Ranji Trophy\nThe 1953\u201354 Ranji Trophy was the 20th season of the Ranji Trophy. Bombay won the title defeating Holkar in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071366-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Ranji Trophy, Zonal Matches, South Zone\n(T) - Advanced to next round by spin of coin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 47], "content_span": [48, 93]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071367-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Real Madrid CF season\nThe 1953\u201354 season was Real Madrid Club de F\u00fatbol's 51st season in existence and the club's 23rd consecutive season in the top flight of Spanish football.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071367-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Real Madrid CF season, Summary\nThe club won its third league title over defending champion FC Barcelona after 21 years aimed by several arrivals such as Di Stefano from Millonarios F\u00fatbol Club(included a transfer battle with CF Barcelona) and 20-yrs-old winger from Racing Santander Francisco Gento. On 1 August 1953 Spanish Federation banned the foreign players transfers to La Liga clubs and not lifting the measure until 1956 with the exception of oriundo players, meaning athletes who were born abroad but had Spanish ancestors as Alfredo Di St\u00e9fano had. Also, newcomer striker Alfredo Di St\u00e9fano got the Pichichi trophy of league topscorer with 27 goals. During June, the squad reached 1954 Copa del General\u00edsimo semi-finals being defeated by FC Barcelona.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 769]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071367-0002-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Real Madrid CF season, Squad\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 36], "content_span": [37, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071368-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Rheinlandliga\nThe 1953\u201354 Rheinlandliga was the second season of the highest amateur class of the Rhineland Football Association under the name of 1. Amateurliga Rheinland. It was a predecessor of today's Rheinlandliga.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071368-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Rheinlandliga\nThe 1. Amateurliga was below II. Division Southwest until 1963 and therefore the third-class in the hierarchy. In the seasons 1956\u201357 to 1962\u201363 the league was played in two divisions (East and West). The two division champions played to determine the Rhineland champion. With the introduction of the regional league Southwest as second highest class, starting in the 1963\u201364 season, the Amateur league Rheinland was again combined into one division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071368-0001-0001", "contents": "1953\u201354 Rheinlandliga\nBeginning in the 1974\u201375 season, the league played a role as a sub-team to the newly introduced 2. Bundesliga, where the Rhineland champion played in a relegation against the champion of the Verbandsliga S\u00fcdwest and the Saarlandliga, for a position in the south divisions of the 2. Bundesliga. Starting from the 1978\u201379 season, the Oberliga Rheinland-Pfalz/Saar was introduced as the highest amateur class and this class was renamed to the \"Verbandsliga Rheinland\" and since then only fourth class.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071368-0002-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Rheinlandliga, Results\nRhineland champion was VfL Trier. In the relegation rounds to 2nd Division Southwest, Trier took third place and had to remain in the amateur league. Runner up, FC Urbar, took part in the German Football Amateur Championship in 1954 as a Rhineland representative, but failed again in the group stage. SSV Heimbach-Weis, TuS Konz, SpVgg Zewenr and VfL Brohl had to move down into the 2. amateur league after this season. For the following season, 1954\u201355, Eintracht H\u00f6hr, SC Sinzig, Sportfreunde Daaden and  SV Trier-West moved up from the 2. Amateur League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 588]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071369-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Rochdale A.F.C. season\nThe 1953\u201354 season saw Rochdale compete for their 26th season in the Football League Third Division North.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071370-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Rochester Royals season\nThe 1953\u201354 NBA season was the Royals sixth season in the NBA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071371-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Rugby Union County Championship\nThe 1953\u201354 Rugby Union County Championship was the 54th edition of England's premier rugby union club competition at the time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071371-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Rugby Union County Championship\nMiddlesex won the competition for the third time after defeating Lancashire in the final. Higgins was carried off on a stretcher early in the game which contributed to the heavy loss suffered by Lancashire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071372-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 SK Rapid Wien season\nThe 1953\u201354 SK Rapid Wien season was the 56th season in club history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071373-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 SM-sarja season\nThe 1953\u201354 SM-sarja season was the 23rd season of the SM-sarja, the top level of ice hockey in Finland. 10 teams participated in the league, and TBK Tampere won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071374-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Santosh Trophy\nThe 1953\u201354 Santosh Trophy was the 13th edition of the Santosh Trophy, the main State competition for football in India. It was held West Bengal who won their 7th title defeating Mysore 3\u20131 in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071374-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Santosh Trophy\nBengal won their quarter final against Bihar, semifinal against Bombay and the final against Mysore in replays.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071375-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Scottish Cup\nThe 1953\u201354 Scottish Cup was the 69th staging of Scotland's most prestigious football knockout competition. The Cup was won by Celtic who defeated Aberdeen in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071376-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Scottish Division A\nThe 1953\u201354 Scottish Division A was won by Celtic, who finished five points ahead of the second placed club Heart of Midlothian. Celtic won their 20th league title with a match still to play, when they defeated Hibernian 3\u20130 at Easter Road on 17 April 1954. It was the club's first league championship win in 16 years. Airdrieonians and Hamilton Academical finished 15th and 16th respectively and were relegated to the 1954\u201355 Scottish Division B.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071377-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Scottish Division B\nThe 1953\u201354 Scottish Division B was won by Motherwell who, along with second placed Kilmarnock, were promoted to First Division A. Dumbarton finished bottom and were relegated to Division C.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071379-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Scottish Inter-District Championship\nThe 1953\u201354 Scottish Inter-District Championship was a  rugby union competition for Scotland's district teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071379-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Scottish Inter-District Championship\nThis season saw the first formal Scottish Inter-District Championship. The district sides selected were Glasgow District, Edinburgh District, North and South.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071379-0002-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Scottish Inter-District Championship\nThe Midlands district was not represented. Instead their players were selected in the formation of the North side.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071379-0003-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Scottish Inter-District Championship\nThis was the only season that North played in the Scottish Inter-District Championship. Midlands complained to the Scottish Rugby Union that despite having several players selected in the North of Scotland side they had no recognition for this. The SRU agreed and in subsequent seasons the combined team was known as North and Midlands in the Inter-District tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071379-0004-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Scottish Inter-District Championship\nThe case for rugby substitutes was raised after the Glasgow - Edinburgh inter-city match when Glasgow's star player Angus Cameron left the field injured. Not only did this hamper Glasgow by playing with a man short, but their players complained that their selection chances to the national team were impaired by then being forced to play unfamiliar positions to cover the loss.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071379-0005-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Scottish Inter-District Championship\nEdinburgh District won the inaugural competition with a maximum three wins.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071379-0006-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Scottish Inter-District Championship, Results, Round 1\nEdinburgh District: D. H. Crighton (Watsonians), D. M. Scott (Watsonians), R. G. Baird (Watsonians), Tommy McClung (Edinburgh Academicals),Grant Weatherstone (Stewart's College FP), Jim Davidson (Edinburgh University), A. D. Thomson (Heriots F.P),R. D. S. Munro (Leith Academicals), Norman Mair (Edinburgh University), F. McLachlan (Edinburgh Wanderers),R. A. Cadzow (Edinburgh Wanderers), H. L. McKill (Watsonians), W. S. Glen (Edinburgh Wanderers), S. T. H. Wright (Stewart's College F.P),Douglas Elliot (Edinburgh Academicals)South: A. D. Little (Selkirk), S. S. Cowan (Selkirk), J. Cowan (Selkirk), R. G. Charters (Hawick), J. Hume (Kelso),J. M. Maxwell (Langholm), J. Wright (Hawick), L. Hastie (Kelso), Jock King (Selkirk), Jimmie Johnston (Melrose),J. J. Hegarty (Hawick),  A. Robson (Hawick), J. Grant (Hawick). G. K. Smith (Kelso)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 62], "content_span": [63, 902]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071379-0007-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Scottish Inter-District Championship, Results, Round 2\nSouth: R. Chisholm (Melrose), W. R. Scott (Hawick), S. S. Cowan (Selkirk), Les Allan (Melrose), R. W. Notman (Jedforest), J. M. Maxwell (Langholm), J. Wright (Hawick), Bob Wilson (Gala) (captain), J. Telford (Langholm), Jim Inglis (Selkirk), J. J. Hegarty (Hawick),Jimmie Johnston (Melrose), A. Robson (Hawick), D. M. Brown (Melrose), G. K. Smith (Kelso)Glasgow District: D. McIntyre (Glasgow HSFP), R. D. Unkles (Glasgow HSFP), Allan Cameron (Hillhead High School F.P.) (captain), Donald Cameron (Glasgow HSFP), G. N. McKenzie (Greenock Wanderers), I. Cameron (Jordanhill School F.P. ), A.A.W. Waddell (Glasgow Academicals), R. A. Brechin (Glasgow Academicals), J. Cassells (Greenock Wanderers), J. C. Dawson (Glasgow Academicals), Hamish Kemp (Glasgow HSFP), A. Gilchrist (West of Scotland), J. D. Rollo (Glasgow HSFP), Percy Friebe (Glasgow HSFP), J. L. Blackwood (Glasgow Academicals)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 62], "content_span": [63, 951]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071379-0008-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Scottish Inter-District Championship, Results, Round 3\nNorth: W. Thomson (St. Andrews University), E. H. Cruickshank (Aberdeen GSFP), P. G. Younie (Aberdeen Wanderers), A. R. Pate (Highland),D. J. McPherson (Gordonians), J. M. Anderson (St. Andrews University), W. D. Allerdice (Aberdeen GSFP) (captain), A. A. Tullett (Gordonians),A. S. Hay (Perthshire Academicals), F. H. More (Perthshire Academicals), C. D. Mowat (Aberdeen GSFP), J. R. Andrew (Harris F.P.),J. Greenwood (Dunfermline), K. J. Donaldson (Perthshire Academicals), J. K. Mearns (Panmure)Edinburgh District: D. H. Crighton (Royal HSFP), I. W. Nicoll (Royal HSFP), L. B. Mackenzie (Royal HSFP), G. T. Ross (Watsonians), Grant Weatherstone (Stewart's College FP), Jim Davidson (Edinburgh University), G. S. Morgan (Melville F. P.), T. A. Herdman (Melville F. P.),Norman Mair (Edinburgh University), F. McLachlan (Edinburgh Wanderers), R. A. Cadzow (Edinburgh Wanderers), H. L. McKill (Watsonians),W. S. Glen (Edinburgh Wanderers), S. T. H. Wright (Stewart's F. P.), Douglas Elliot (Edinburgh Academicals) (captain)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 62], "content_span": [63, 1085]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071379-0009-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Scottish Inter-District Championship, Results, Round 4\nGlasgow District: Angus Cameron (Glasgow HSFP), A. M. Smith (Glasgow University), Allan Cameron (Hillhead HSFP),A. S. Headrick (Glasgow Academicals), A. G. Campbell (Kelvinside Academicals), Donald Cameron (Glasgow HSFP),A. A. W. Waddell (Glasgow Academicals), F. I. Hogarth (West of Scotland), J. Cassells (Greenock Wanderers),J.C. Dewar (Glasgow Academicals), Hamish Kemp (Glasgow HSFP), I. A. A. McGregor (Hillhead HSFP), J. D. Rollo (Glasgow HSFP),M. Chisholm (Glasgow HSFP), R. C. Taylor (Kelvinside Academicals) (captain)North: W. Thomson (St. Andrews University), K. M. Cruickshank (Aberdeen GSFP), P. J. Younie (Aberdeen Wanderers),J. H. Meldrum (Kirkcaldy), D. J. McPherson (Gordonians), A. R. Pate (Highland), W. D. Allardice (Aberdeen GSFP), (captain), A. A. Tullet (Gordonians), C. W. Bravin (Dunfermline), F. H. Moore (Perthshire Academicals),C. D. Mowat (Aberdeen GSFP),  D. N. Georgeson (Aberdeen GSFP), J. Greenwood (Dunfermline), K. J. Donaldson (Perthshire Academicals),A. I. Cheyne (Aberdeen University)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 62], "content_span": [63, 1085]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071379-0010-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Scottish Inter-District Championship, Results, Round 5\nNorth: W. Thomson (St. Andrews University) (captain), E. H. Cruickshank (Aberdeen GSFP), P. J. Younie (Aberdeen Wanderers),A. M. Nicoll (Harris Academy F. P), D. J. McPherson (Gordonians), F. J. Whitehurst (St. Andrews University), W. D. Allardice (Aberdeen GSFP),A. A. Tullett (Gordonians), C. W. Bravin (Dunfermline), F. H. Moore (Perthshire Academicals), C. D. Mowat (Aberdeen GSFP),D. N. Georgeson (Aberdeen GSFP), J. Greenwood (Dunfermline), Ernie Michie (Aberdeen University), J. K. Mearns (Panmure)South: J. R. McCredie (Hawick), R. B. Notman (Jedforest), R. G. Charters (Hawick), Les Allan (Melrose) (captain), S. S. Cowan (Selkirk), J. M. Maxwell (Langholm), A. F. Dorward (Gala), H. McLeod (Hawick), Jock King (Selkirk), Jim Inglis (Selkirk), J. J. Hegarty (Hawick), T. Elliot (Gala), A. Robson (Hawick), D. M. Brown (Melrose), G. K. Smith (Kelso)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 62], "content_span": [63, 920]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071379-0011-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Scottish Inter-District Championship, Results, Round 6\nGlasgow District: Angus Cameron (Glasgow HSFP), A. G. Campbell (Kelvinside Academicals), Donald Cameron (Glasgow HSFP),Allan Cameron (Hillhead HSFP), T. E. S. Ferguson (Hillhead HSFP), J. A. Ferguson (Hillhead HSFP) (captain),A. A. W. Waddell (Glasgow Academicals), J. D. Rollo (Glasgow HSFP), J. Cassells (Greenock Wanderers), J. C. Dawson (Glasgow Academicals), Hamish Kemp (Glasgow HSFP), W. F. Morton (West of Scotland), Percy Friebe (Glasgow HSFP), J. L. Blackwood (Glasgow Academicals)Edinburgh District: D. H. Crighton (Watsonians), Grant Weatherstone (Stewart's College FP), K. R. McDonald (Stewart's College FP),Jim Davidson (Edinburgh University), Donald Scott (Watsonians), G. T. Ross (Watsonians), J. R. Glen (Edinburgh Wanderers),T. P. L. McGlashan (Royal High School F.P), Norman Mair (Edinburgh University), F. McLachlan (Edinburgh Wanderers),H. L. McKill (Watsonians), R. A. Cadzow (Edinburgh Wanderers), J. S. Ure (Edinburgh Wanderers), S. T. H. Wright (Stewart's College FP),Douglas Elliot (Edinburgh Academicals) (captain)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 62], "content_span": [63, 1104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071380-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Scottish League Cup\nThe 1953\u201354 Scottish League Cup was the eighth season of Scotland's second football knockout competition. The competition was won by East Fife, who defeated Partick Thistle in the Final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071381-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Scottish National League season\nThe 1953\u201354 Scottish National League season was the 16th and final season of the Scottish National League, the top level of ice hockey in Scotland. Seven teams participated in the league, and the Paisley Pirates won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071381-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Scottish National League season\nThe league merged with the English National League to form the British National League for the 1954\u201355 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071382-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n\nThe 1953\u201354 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n season was the 23rd since its establishment and was played between 12 September 1953 and 25 April 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071382-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n, Overview before the season\n32 teams joined the league, including two relegated from the 1952\u201353 La Liga and 8 promoted from the 1952\u201353 Tercera Divisi\u00f3n.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071384-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Serie A (ice hockey) season\nThe 1953\u201354 Serie A season was the 21st season of the Serie A, the top level of ice hockey in Italy. Eight teams participated in the league, and HC Milan Inter won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071385-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Serie B\nThe Serie B 1953\u201354 was the twenty-second tournament of this competition played in Italy since its creation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071385-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Serie B, Teams\nPavia and Alessandria had been promoted from Serie C, while Como and Pro Patria had been relegated from Serie A.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 22], "content_span": [23, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071386-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Serie C\nThe 1953\u201354 Serie C was the sixteenth edition of Serie C, the third highest league in the Italian football league system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071387-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Sheffield Shield season\nThe 1953\u201354 Sheffield Shield season was the 52nd season of the Sheffield Shield, the domestic first-class cricket competition of Australia. The season was played between the 13 November 1953 to 2 March 1954 and was contested by five teams. After sixteen matches was played, New South Wales won their 26th title after finishing first by two points over Victoria. Colin McDonald from Victoria scored the most runs for the season with 733 runs while fellow Victorian player, Ian Johnson took the most wickets with 37.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071388-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Southern Football League\nThe 1953\u201354 Southern Football League season was the 51st in the history of the league, an English football competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071388-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Southern Football League\nNo new clubs had joined the league for this season so the league consisted of 22 clubs from previous season. Merthyr Tydfil were champions, winning their fifth Southern League title. Four Southern League clubs applied to join the Football League at the end of the season, but none were successful.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071388-0002-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Southern Football League, Football League elections\nFour Southern League clubs applied for election to the Football League. However, none were successful as all four League clubs were re-elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 59], "content_span": [60, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071389-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Soviet Cup (ice hockey)\nThe 1953\u201354 Soviet Cup was the fourth edition of the Soviet cup ice hockey tournament. 24 teams participated in the tournament, which was won by CDSA Moscow.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071390-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Soviet League season\nThe 1953\u201354 Soviet Championship League season was the eighth season of the Soviet Championship League, the top level of ice hockey in the Soviet Union. Nine teams participated in the league, and Dynamo Moscow won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071391-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Spartan League\nThe 1953\u201354 Spartan League season was the 36th in the history of Spartan League. The league consisted of 16 clubs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071391-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Spartan League, League table\nThe division featured 16 clubs, 14 from last season and 2 new clubs:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 36], "content_span": [37, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071392-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 St. Francis Terriers men's basketball team\nThe 1953\u20131954 St. Francis Terriers men's basketball team represented St. Francis College during the 1953\u201354 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team was coached by Daniel Lynch, who was in his sixth year at the helm of the St. Francis Terriers. The team was a member of the Metropolitan New York Conference and played their home games at the Bulter Street Gymnasium in their Cobble Hill, Brooklyn campus and at the II Corps Artillery Armory in Park Slope, Brooklyn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071392-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 St. Francis Terriers men's basketball team\nDuring the 1953\u201354 season the Terriers won their first regular season conference championship and participated in their first National Invitational Tournament reaching the Quarterfinals. Their participation in the NIT was more impressive considering they had the smallest student body of all schools ever selected and were the only school participating from the NYC area that year. The Terries first round victory over 20th ranked Louisville was considered a notable upset. The 1953\u201354 season also stands as the Terriers best record of all-time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071392-0002-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 St. Francis Terriers men's basketball team, NBA Draft\nAt the end of the season Henry Daubenschmidt was drafted by the Boston Celtics with the 23rd overall pick.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 61], "content_span": [62, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071393-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Stoke City F.C. season\nThe 1953\u201354 season was Stoke City's 47th season in the Football League and the 14th in the Second Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071393-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Stoke City F.C. season\nDuring the summer of 1953 Taylor began moving on a number of former favourites as he began at stamp his mark on the club; however, with not much money to spend the squad had a decidedly mid-table look. And so it turned out to be as Stoke were very average and with seventeen draws they finished in eleventh position as Taylor struggled to find his most successful team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071393-0002-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Stoke City F.C. season, Season review, League\nWith Stoke now in the Second Division manager Frank Taylor decided to clear out some of the long serving players. Dennis Herod and Leslie Johnston both joined Shrewsbury Town and Jock Kirton left for Bradford City. Taylor and a relatively new board, saw no quick way back into the First Division and there would be no panic buying. Taylor insisted that he would buy if necessary but would be looking to bring players through the youth and reserve ranks at the club.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071393-0003-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Stoke City F.C. season, Season review, League\nThere was then, a distinct mid-table look about the Stoke City squad as the 1953\u201354 season got underway and Taylor like so many other managers heard of the impressive young duo at nearby Crewe Alexandra that of Johnny King and Frank Blunstone. In September he made his move for the pair and signed King for \u00a38,000 but could not afford Blunstone who went on to Chelsea. He also signed Scottish pair Bobby Cairns and Joe Hutton to boost his midfield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 502]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071393-0003-0001", "contents": "1953\u201354 Stoke City F.C. season, Season review, League\nHowever, it was very dull season for the supporters as there was seventeen draws during the season with 1\u20131 being the most popular scoreline. The season's average attendance fell to 18,000, 10,000 down on the previous season. Stoke did however manage to record their highest league away win beating Bury 6\u20130 on 13 March 1954 at Gigg Lane. However, there was great sadness at the end of the season as in May 1954 former long serving defender and manager Bob McGrory died at the age of 62 just two years after he ended his 31-year association with the club.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071393-0004-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Stoke City F.C. season, Season review, FA Cup\nAfter soundly beating Hartlepool United 6\u20132 in the third round with Frank Bowyer scoring four Stoke lost to Leicester City after a replay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071394-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Sussex County Football League\nThe 1953\u201354 Sussex County Football League season was the 29th in the history of the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071394-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Sussex County Football League\nDivision 1 featured now increased to fifteen teams with Wigmore Athletic being promoted from Division 2. Division 2 featured eleven teams from which the winners would be promoted into Division 1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071394-0002-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Sussex County Football League, Division One\nThe division featured 15 clubs, 14 which competed in the last season, along with one new club, promoted from last season's Division Two:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 51], "content_span": [52, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071394-0003-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Sussex County Football League, Division Two\nThe division featured 11 clubs which competed in the last season, no new clubs joined the league this season. Three Bridges added United to the club name.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 51], "content_span": [52, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071395-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Swedish Division I season\nThe 1953\u201354 Swedish Division I season was the tenth season of Swedish Division I. Djurgardens IF defeated Gavle GIK in the league final 1 game to none, 1 tie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071396-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Swedish football Division 2\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Frietjes (talk | contribs) at 18:03, 16 February 2020 (expand templates per Fb team TfD outcome and Fb competition TfD outcome and Fb cl TfD outcome and Fb rbr TfD outcome). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071396-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Swedish football Division 2\nStatistics of Swedish football Division 2 for the 1953\u201354 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071397-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Swedish football Division 3\nStatistics of Swedish football Division 3 for the 1953\u201354 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071398-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Syracuse Nationals season\nThe 1953\u201354 Syracuse Nationals season was the 5th season for the franchise in the National Basketball Association (NBA). In the Eastern Division Finals, the Nationals swept the Boston Celtics 2-0 to make it to the NBA Finals. The Nationals would go on to lose the Finals in 7 games to the Minneapolis Lakers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071399-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Tercera Divisi\u00f3n\nThe 1953\u201354 Tercera Divisi\u00f3n season was the 18th since its establishment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071400-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Texas Tech Red Raiders basketball team\nThe 1953\u201354 Texas Tech Red Raiders men's basketball team represented Texas Tech University in the Border Intercollegiate Athletic Association during the 1953\u201354 NCAA men's basketball season. The head coach was Polk Robison, his 7th year with the team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071401-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Toronto Maple Leafs season\nThe 1953\u201354 Toronto Maple Leafs season was Toronto's 37th season in the National Hockey League (NHL).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071402-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 UCLA Bruins men's basketball team\nThe 1953\u201354 UCLA Bruins men's basketball team represented the University of California, Los Angeles during the 1953\u201354 NCAA men's basketball season and were members of the Pacific Coast Conference. The Bruins were led by sixth year head coach John Wooden. They finished the regular season with a record of 18\u20137 and finished 2nd in the PCC Southern Division with a record of 7\u20135.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071402-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 UCLA Bruins men's basketball team, Previous season\nThe Bruins finished the regular season with a record of 16\u20138 and were 3rd in the PCC Southern Division with a record of 8\u20134.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 58], "content_span": [59, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071403-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 USC Trojans men's basketball team\nThe 1953\u201354 USC Trojans men's basketball team represented the University of Southern California during the 1953\u201354 NCAA college basketball season. Members of the Pacific Coast Conference, the Trojans were led by fourth-year head coach Forrest Twogood and played their home games off campus at Pan-Pacific Auditorium in Los Angeles, California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071403-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 USC Trojans men's basketball team\nThe Trojans were 15\u201311 overall in the regular season and 8\u20134 in conference play. They won the Southern Division for the first time since 1940 and met Northern Division champion Oregon State in the best-of-three PCC playoff series at Long Beach City College. USC won the first and third games and advanced to the 24-team NCAA Tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071403-0002-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 USC Trojans men's basketball team\nAt the West Regional at Gill Coliseum in Corvallis, Oregon, the Trojans defeated Idaho State and Santa Clara (in double overtime). At the Final Four in Kansas City, Missouri, the Trojans dropped both games, to Bradley in the semifinals and Penn State in the consolation game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071404-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 United States network television schedule\nThe following is the 1953\u201354 network television schedule for the four major English language commercial broadcast networks in the United States. The schedule covers primetime hours from September 1953 through March 1954. The schedule is followed by a list per network of returning series, new series, and series cancelled after the 1952\u201353 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071404-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 United States network television schedule\nDespite hit filmed programs such as I Love Lucy, both William S. Paley of CBS and David Sarnoff of NBC were said to be determined to keep most programming on their networks live. Filmed programs were said to be inferior to the spontaneous nature of live television. Thus, NBC and CBS continued to schedule many live programs, including two new 1953 fall NBC series The Dave Garroway Show and Bonino.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 449]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071404-0001-0001", "contents": "1953\u201354 United States network television schedule\nAccording to Brooks and Marsh (2007), Garroway's show \"was faced with overwhelming competition from Mama and Ozzie & Harriet, which were running opposite on CBS and ABC, and it only lasted a single season\". Bonino did not even last the full season. CBS had more luck with new live programs Person to Person and My Favorite Husband (which would later make the switch to film).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 425]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071404-0002-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 United States network television schedule\nABC, perennially in third or fourth place among the four U.S. television networks, had been on the verge of bankruptcy, but the February 1953 merger of United Paramount Theaters with ABC had given ABC a $30 million cash infusion. ABC revamped its schedule for Fall 1953 with big-budget programs. New ABC programs included Make Room for Daddy, and an ABC version of NBC's popular Kraft Television Theatre; the strategy was designed to \"take on CBS and NBC with a strong schedule\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 529]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071404-0003-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 United States network television schedule\nIn contrast to ABC's revamped schedule, DuMont's Fall 1953 prime time schedule looked weak, with programs that were \"doomed from the start by third-rate scripts and cheap production.\" The 1953\u201354 season would be the last year DuMont was able to schedule nearly 20 hours of programming in prime time. By the 1954\u201355 season, DuMont would be forced to cut back its schedule, while the other three networks continued to expand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 473]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071404-0004-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 United States network television schedule\nDuring the 1953 season, both DuMont and ABC \"made sporadic efforts to compete for the daytime audience, but faced so many problems just filling prime time that they found it much more efficient to focus primarily on weekend sports\". DuMont paid $1.3 million in 1953 for the rights to broadcast National Football League games in prime time; starting December 12, DuMont also broadcast a series of NBA basketball games, the first time pro basketball was seen regularly on network TV. Both DuMont and ABC \"were especially aggressive in pursuit of sports broadcasts because they were desperately in need of special attractions to bring in viewers\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 694]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071404-0005-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 United States network television schedule\nEach of the 30 highest-rated shows is listed with its rank and rating as determined by Nielsen Media Research.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071404-0006-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 United States network television schedule, By network, NBC\nNote: The * indicates that the program was introduced in midseason.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 66], "content_span": [67, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071405-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 United States network television schedule (daytime)\nThe 1953\u201354 daytime network television schedule for the three major English-language commercial broadcast networks in the United States covers the weekday daytime hours from September 1953 to August 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071405-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 United States network television schedule (daytime)\nTalk shows are highlighted in  yellow, local programming is white, reruns of prime-time programming are orange, game shows are pink, soap operas are chartreuse, news programs are gold and all others are light blue. New series are highlighted in bold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071405-0002-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 United States network television schedule (daytime), Winter 1953/1954\n10:00 The Jack Paar Show 11:00 I'll Buy That (F)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 77], "content_span": [78, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071406-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 WHL season\nThe 1953\u201354 WHL season was the second season of the Western Hockey League. The Calgary Stampeders were the President's Cup champions as they beat the Vancouver Canucks four games to two in the final series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071406-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 WHL season, Playoffs\nThe Calgary Stampeders win the President's Cup 4 games to 2.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 28], "content_span": [29, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071407-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 WIHL season\nThe 1953\u201354 Western International Hockey League season was the 8th season in the league's history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071407-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 WIHL season, History\nDuring an end of season meeting, it was moved that all playoff games be best-of-five sets, for it was felt that a seven-game series, which stretches into eight, not only drains the pocketbooks of the fans, but drains the stamina of the players. The question of playing an equal number of games in the WIHL also came up for discussion, with the general feeling being that if Spokane's Flyers can play for the Allan Cup, then they should receive no extra favours.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 28], "content_span": [29, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071407-0002-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 WIHL season, Playoffs, Semi finals\nNelson Maple Leafs beat Trail Smoke Eaters 3 wins to 1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 42], "content_span": [43, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071407-0003-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 WIHL season, Playoffs, Final\nNelson Maple Leafs beat Kimberley Dynamiters 3 wins to 1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 36], "content_span": [37, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071407-0004-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 WIHL season, Playoffs, Final\nNelson Maple Leafs advanced to the 1953-54 British Columbia Senior Playoffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 36], "content_span": [37, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071408-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Washington Huskies men's basketball team\nThe 1953\u201354 Washington Huskies men's basketball team represented the University of Washington for the 1953\u201354 NCAA college basketball season. Led by fourth-year head coach Tippy Dye, the Huskies were members of the Pacific Coast Conference and played their home games on campus at Hec Edmundson Pavilion in Seattle, Washington.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071408-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Washington Huskies men's basketball team\nThe Huskies were 8\u201318 overall in the regular season and 7\u20139 in conference play, fourth place in the Northern division. They swept the last two games of the season over rival Washington State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071409-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Washington State Cougars men's basketball team\nThe 1953\u201354 Washington State Cougars men's basketball team represented Washington State College for the 1953\u201354 college basketball season. Led by 26th-year head coach Jack Friel, the Cougars were members of the Pacific Coast Conference and played their home games on campus at Bohler Gymnasium in Pullman, Washington.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071409-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Washington State Cougars men's basketball team\nThe Cougars were 10\u201317 overall in the regular season and 4\u201312 in conference play, last in the Northern division. They were swept in the last two games of the season by rival Washington.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071410-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Welsh Cup\nThe 1953\u201354 FAW Welsh Cup is the 67th season of the annual knockout tournament for competitive football teams in Wales.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071410-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Welsh Cup, Fifth round\nEight winners from the Fourth round and ten new clubs. Ebbw Vale & Cwn get a bye.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071410-0002-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Welsh Cup, Sixth round\nThree winners from the Fifth round plus Ebbw Vale & Cwn. Six clubs get a bye to the Seventh round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071410-0003-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Welsh Cup, Seventh round\nTwo winners from the Sixth round, plus six clubs who get a bye in the previous round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 32], "content_span": [33, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071410-0004-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Welsh Cup, Semifinal\nFlint Town United and Cardiff City played at Wrexham, Chester and Newport County played at Cardiff, replay at Wrexham.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 28], "content_span": [29, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071411-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Western Football League\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Frietjes (talk | contribs) at 20:40, 11 February 2020 (expand templates per Fb team TfD outcome and Fb competition TfD outcome and Fb cl TfD outcome and Fb rbr TfD outcome). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071411-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Western Football League\nThe 1953\u201354 season was the 52nd in the history of the Western Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071411-0002-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Western Football League\nThe champions for the first time in their history were Weymouth Reserves, and the winners of Division Two were Bristol Rovers Colts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071411-0003-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Western Football League, Final tables, Division One\nDivision One was increased from seventeen members to eighteen after two clubs were promoted to replace Paulton Rovers who were relegated to Division Two.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 59], "content_span": [60, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071411-0004-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Western Football League, Final tables, Division Two\nDivision Two remained at eighteen clubs after Ilfracombe Town and Poole Town were promoted to Division One. Two new clubs joined:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 59], "content_span": [60, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071412-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Western Kentucky Hilltoppers basketball team\nThe 1953\u201354 Western Kentucky Hilltoppers men's basketball team represented Western Kentucky State College during the 1953-54 NCAA University Division Basketball season. The Hilltoppers were led by future Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame coach Edgar Diddle and consensus All-American, Tom Marshall. The Hilltoppers won the Ohio Valley Conference championship, and were invited to the 1954 National Invitation Tournament, where they were seeded as the number 2 team and advanced to the semifinals. During this period, the NIT was considered on par with the NCAA Tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 633]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071412-0000-0001", "contents": "1953\u201354 Western Kentucky Hilltoppers basketball team\nThis was one of the finest teams in Western Kentucky history, they led the NCAA in wins and Marshall averaged more than 25 points and nearly 15 rebounds per game, setting school records for scoring and rebounding. Art Spoelstra, Jack Turner and Lynn Cole joined Marshall on the All-Conference and OVC Tournament teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071413-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 William & Mary Indians men's basketball team\nThe 1953\u201354 William & Mary Indians men's basketball team represented the College of William & Mary in intercollegiate basketball during the 1953\u201354 NCAA men's basketball season. Under the second year of head coach Boydson Baird, the team finished the season 9\u201314, 6\u20135 in the Southern Conference. This was the 49th season of the collegiate basketball program at William & Mary, whose nickname is now the Tribe. William & Mary played its home games at Blow Gymnasium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071413-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 William & Mary Indians men's basketball team\nThe Indians finished in 5th place in the conference and qualified for the 1954 Southern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament, held at the WVU Field House in Morgantown, West Virginia. However, the Indians fell to West Virginia in the quarterfinals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071414-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Wisconsin Badgers men's basketball team\nThe 1953\u20131954 Wisconsin Badgers men's basketball team represented University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison. The head coach was Harold E. Foster, coaching his twentieth season with the Badgers. The team played their home games at the UW Fieldhouse in Madison, Wisconsin and was a member of the Big Ten Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071415-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season\nThe 1953\u201354 season was the 55th season of competitive league football in the history of English football club Wolverhampton Wanderers. They played in the First Division, then the highest level of English football.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071415-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season\nThe season was a major success as the team won the League championship for the first time in their history, pipping local rivals West Bromwich Albion. Winning the title was a breakthrough for the club after three times previously finishing runners-up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071415-0002-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season, Season review\nAfter an opening day mauling away at Burnley, the team found its feet and enjoyed a run of five successive wins to reach second place. The table was led by their Black Country rivals West Bromwich Albion. Both teams kept up a relentless pace before Christmas, with Wolves producing a run that brought 31 points out of a possible 36, including defeating West Brom 1\u20130. At the halfway mark only Burnley and newly promoted Huddersfield Town were managing to keep pace with the top two.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 58], "content_span": [59, 541]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071415-0003-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season, Season review\nDefeat in their Christmas fixture against Aston Villa lost Wolves the top spot they had gained for the first time a week earlier. The start of 1954 brought an instant exit from the FA Cup at the hands of fellow Midlanders Birmingham City, but also saw them return to the top of the table. A run of three defeats in four though \u2013 including the end of their 11-game unbeaten away record (a club record) \u2013 allowed West Brom to regain top spot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 58], "content_span": [59, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071415-0004-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season, Season review\nWhile March saw Wolves suffer further defeats, their main rival's form proved even worse. A second Black Country derby victory for Wolves against them in early April brought them level on points at the summit, second only on goal average with only five games remaining. Wolves then claimed top spot for the first time since early January the following week after thrashing Charlton 5\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 58], "content_span": [59, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071415-0005-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season, Season review\nThe Easter period proved the pivotal twist in the title race. A 4\u20130 thumping of Huddersfield gave Wolves' goal average a further boost, while West Brom were held to a draw by Aston Villa. As was then traditional, the fixtures were reversed the following day, with decisive results. Although both title chasers lost, West Brom's 1\u20136 hammering at Villa Park left their goal average far short of Wolves' with just a single game to play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 58], "content_span": [59, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071415-0006-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season, Season review\nOnly a huge loss for Wolves coupled with a big win for Albion could alter the outcome of the championship on the final day. In the event, neither happened, Albion went down to defeat at Portsmouth, while Wolves' 2\u20130 victory over Tottenham confirmed their first ever league championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 58], "content_span": [59, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071415-0007-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season, Results, Football League First Division\nA total of 22 teams competed in the First Division in the 1953\u201354 season. Each team would play every other team twice, once at their stadium, and once at the opposition's. Two points were awarded to teams for each win, one point per draw, and none for defeats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 84], "content_span": [85, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071415-0008-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season, Results, FA Cup\nAs a First Division team, Wolves entered the competition at the third round stage. The draw for this round was made on 14 December 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 60], "content_span": [61, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071416-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Yorkshire Cup\nThe 1953\u201354 Yorkshire Cup was the forty-sixth occasion on which the  Yorkshire Cup competition had been held.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071416-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Yorkshire Cup\nBradford Northern won the trophy by beating Hull F.C. by the score of 7-2", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 95]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071416-0002-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Yorkshire Cup\nThe match was played at Headingley, Leeds, now in West Yorkshire. The attendance was 22,147 and receipts were \u00a33,833", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071416-0003-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Yorkshire Cup, Background\nThis season no junior/amateur clubs were invited to take part, there were no new additions and no club \"dropped out\", and so the  number of entrants remained at the same as last season's total number of sixteen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 33], "content_span": [34, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071416-0004-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Yorkshire Cup, Background\nThis in turn resulted in no byes in the first round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 33], "content_span": [34, 86]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071416-0005-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Yorkshire Cup, Background\nThe  competition again followed the  original formula of a knock-out tournament, with the  exception of the  first round which was still played on a two-legged home and away basis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 33], "content_span": [34, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071416-0006-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Yorkshire Cup, Competition and results, Round 1 - First leg\nAll first round ties are played on a two-legged home and away basis", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 67], "content_span": [68, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071416-0007-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Yorkshire Cup, Competition and results, Round 1 - Second leg\nAll first round ties are played on a two-legged home and away basis", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 68], "content_span": [69, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071416-0008-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Yorkshire Cup, Competition and results, Round 2 - Quarterfinals\nAll second round ties are played on a knock-out basis", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 71], "content_span": [72, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071416-0009-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Yorkshire Cup, Competition and results, Final, Teams and scorers\nScoring - Try = three (3) points - Goal = two (2) points - Drop goal = two (2) points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 72], "content_span": [73, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071416-0010-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Yorkshire Cup, Competition and results, The road to success\nAll the ties in the  first round were played on a two leg (home and away) basis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 67], "content_span": [68, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071416-0011-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Yorkshire Cup, Competition and results, The road to success\nFor the  first round ties, the first club named in each of the ties played the first leg at home.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 67], "content_span": [68, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071416-0012-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Yorkshire Cup, Competition and results, The road to success\nFor the  first round ties, the scores shown are the aggregate score over the two legs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 67], "content_span": [68, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071416-0013-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Yorkshire Cup, Notes and comments\n1 * The first Yorkshire Cup match played by Doncaster at their new Bentley Road Stadium - soon to be renamed \"Tatters field\" (ot Tattersfield) after the former chairman Len Tattersfield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 41], "content_span": [42, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071416-0014-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Yorkshire Cup, Notes and comments\n2 * Match abandoned after 32 minutes due to fog.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 41], "content_span": [42, 90]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071416-0015-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Yorkshire Cup, Notes and comments\n3 * Headingley, Leeds, is the home ground of Leeds RLFC with a capacity of 21,000. The record attendance was  40,175 for a league match between Leeds and Bradford Northern on 21 May 1947.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 41], "content_span": [42, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071416-0016-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Yorkshire Cup, Notes and comments, General information for those unfamiliar\nThe Rugby League Yorkshire Cup competition was a knock-out competition between (mainly professional) rugby league clubs from  the  county of Yorkshire. The actual area was at times increased to encompass other teams from  outside the  county such as Newcastle, Mansfield, Coventry, and even London (in the form of Acton & Willesden.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 83], "content_span": [84, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071416-0017-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Yorkshire Cup, Notes and comments, General information for those unfamiliar\nThe Rugby League season always (until the onset of \"Summer Rugby\" in 1996) ran from around August-time through to around May-time and this competition always took place early in the season, in the Autumn, with the final taking place in (or just before) December (The only exception to this was when disruption of the fixture list was caused during, and immediately after, the two World Wars)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 83], "content_span": [84, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071417-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Yugoslav First League\nThe First Federal League of Yugoslavia's 1953/1954 season was the highest level football competition held in communist Yugoslavia between 1953 and 1954. The league was won by Croatian side NK Dinamo Zagreb.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071417-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Yugoslav First League, Teams\nDue to the league's expansion from 12 to 14 teams two clubs were relegated and four teams were promoted at the end of the previous season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 36], "content_span": [37, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071418-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 Yugoslav Ice Hockey League season\nThe 1953\u201354 Yugoslav Ice Hockey League season was the 12th season of the Yugoslav Ice Hockey League, the top level of ice hockey in Yugoslavia. Six teams participated in the league, and Partizan have won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071419-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 in Belgian football\nThe 1953\u201354 season was the 51st season of competitive football in Belgium. RSC Anderlechtois won their 5th Division I title. The Belgium national football team qualified for the 1954 FIFA World Cup and was drawn unseeded in Group 4 with the unseeded organizing country Switzerland against which they did not play, and seeded teams England and Italy. The Belgian Cup resumed in 1953-54 with Standard Li\u00e8ge winning in the final against RC Mechelen KM.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071419-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 in Belgian football, Overview\nBelgium finished first of Group 2 in the 1954 FIFA World Cup qualification with 7 points, ahead of Sweden (3 points) and Finland (2 points). They thus qualified for the final tournament in Switzerland as one of the 11 European countries. The final tournament consisted of a first round with 4 groups of 4 teams. Belgium was drawn in Group 4. In each group, the 2 seeded teams would play one game against each unseeded team. In case both teams are level after 90 minutes, extra time would be played.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 536]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071419-0001-0001", "contents": "1953\u201354 in Belgian football, Overview\nIn Group 4, England and Italy were the 2 seeded teams and Switzerland and Belgium were unseeded. Belgium and Switzerland thus played 2 games, against England and Italy. Belgium drawn against England after extra time (4-4) and lost to Italy, while Switzerland lost to England (2-0) and beat Italy (2-1). A play-off game was then played between Switzerland and Italy (2 points each) to determine the 2nd qualifying spot for the quarter-finals. Switzerland beat Italy 4-1. Belgium finished last of Group 4 with 1 point.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071419-0002-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 in Belgian football, Overview\nAt the end of the season, R Daring Club de Bruxelles and K Lyra were relegated to Division II and were replaced in Division I by Division II winner K Waterschei SV Thor and runner-up RRC de Bruxelles. The bottom 2 clubs in Division II (RUS Tournaisienne and K Tubantia FC) were relegated to Division III, while both Division III winners (KFC Izegem and SRU Verviers) qualified for Division II. The bottom 2 clubs of each Division III league were relegated to the Promotion: Rupel SK, K Olse Merksem SC, K Winterslag FC and R Herve FC. to be replaced by RRFC Montegn\u00e9e, RFC Bressoux, RAA Louvi\u00e9roise and KSV Waregem from Promotion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 668]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071419-0003-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 in Belgian football, Final league tables, Premier Division\nTop scorer: Hippolyte Van Den Bosch (RSC Anderlechtois) with 29 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 66], "content_span": [67, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071420-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 in English football\nThe 1953\u201354 season was the 74th season of competitive football in England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071420-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 in English football, Overview\nTo celebrate the 90th anniversary of the Football Association, on 21 October 1953, England played a Rest of the World side picked by a FIFA Select Committee. After being 3-1 down following goals by L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Kubala and Giampiero Boniperti, Alf Ramsey scored a last minute penalty to draw the game 4-4. On 25 November 1953, the Marvellous Magyars Hungary national football team, led by prolific forward Ferenc Pusk\u00e1s, shocked football by defeating England 6\u20133 at Wembley Stadium. On 25 May 1954, England lost to Hungary again, in Budapest, suffering their heaviest defeat, 7-1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 611]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071420-0002-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 in English football, Overview\nOn the domestic scene, Wolverhampton Wanderers, managed by former player Stan Cullis, won the league title for the first time, while their local rivals West Bromwich Albion lifted the FA Cup for the fourth time. Albion had also finished second in the league behind Wolves, while defending champions Arsenal slipped to 12th this season. Liverpool, the first postwar champions of the English league, were relegated to the Second Division in bottom place. Everton were promoted to the First Division after three seasons in the Second Division and have not been relegated since.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 612]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071420-0002-0001", "contents": "1953\u201354 in English football, Overview\nTwenty-one years after winning the Third Division South, Brentford are relegated to the Third Division South for the first time and do not return to the second tier until 1992. In addition to the success of Midlands teams in the top division, Port Vale won Third Division North by 11 points, going unbeaten at home and conceding a record low of 21 goals. They also became the first Third Division side since the war to reach the semi-final of the FA Cup, losing to West Bromwich Albion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 524]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071420-0003-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 in English football, Overview\nSam Bartram of Charlton Athletic set a League record on 6 March 1954 becoming the first player with 500 League appearances.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071420-0004-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 in English football, Honours\nNotes = Number in parentheses is the times that club has won that honour. * indicates new record for competition", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 36], "content_span": [37, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071420-0005-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 in English football, FA Cup\nWest Bromwich Albion defeated Preston North End 3\u20132 in the 1954 FA Cup Final to lift the FA Cup for the fourth time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 35], "content_span": [36, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071421-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 in German football\nThe 1953\u201354 season was the 44th season of competitive football in Germany.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071421-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 in German football, League season, Oberliga Nord\nThe 1953\u201354 season saw two new clubs in the league, Eintracht Braunschweig and Victoria Hamburg, both promoted from the Amateurliga.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 56], "content_span": [57, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071421-0002-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 in German football, League season, Oberliga Berlin\nThe 1953\u201354 season saw two new clubs in the league, Kickers 1900 Berlin and Hertha Zehlendorf, both promoted from the Amateurliga Berlin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 58], "content_span": [59, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071421-0003-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 in German football, League season, Oberliga West\nThe 1953\u201354 season saw two new clubs in the league, Rheydter SV and VfL Bochum, both promoted from the 2. Oberliga West.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 56], "content_span": [57, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071421-0004-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 in German football, League season, Oberliga S\u00fcdwest\nThe 1953\u201354 season saw two new clubs in the league, ASV Landau and VfR Frankenthal, both promoted from the 2. Oberliga S\u00fcdwest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 59], "content_span": [60, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071421-0005-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 in German football, League season, Oberliga S\u00fcd\nThe 1953\u201354 season saw two new clubs in the league, Jahn Regensburg and KSV Hessen Kassel, both promoted from the 2. Oberliga S\u00fcd.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 55], "content_span": [56, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071421-0006-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 in German football, League season, German championship\nThe 1954 German football championship was contested by the six qualified Oberliga teams and won by Hannover 96, defeating 1. FC Kaiserslautern in the final. The six clubs played single round of matches at neutral grounds in two groups of three. The two group winners then advanced to the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 62], "content_span": [63, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071421-0007-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 in German football, DFB\u2013Pokal\nThe 1953\u201354 DFB-Pokal consisted eight teams competing in three rounds of a knockout tournament. VfB Stuttgart became champions by defeating 1. FC K\u00f6ln 1\u20130 in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 37], "content_span": [38, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071422-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 in Israeli football\nThe 1953\u201354 season was the 6th season of competitive football in Israel and the 28th season under the Israeli Football Association, established in 1928, during the British Mandate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071422-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 in Israeli football, IFA competitions, 1953\u201354 Israel State Cup\nThe competition took place between 21 March 1953 and 3 July 1954. Maccabi Tel Aviv beaten Maccabi Netanya 4\u20130 in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 71], "content_span": [72, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071422-0002-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 in Israeli football, National Teams, National team, 1953 Maccabiah Games\nThe national team represented Israel in the 1953 Maccabiah Games, competing against other 6 teams of Jewish footballers. Israel won all its matches, scoring 27 goals and conceding just one goal, and won the gold medal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 80], "content_span": [81, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071423-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 in Scottish football\nThe 1953\u201354 season was the 81st season of competitive football in Scotland and the 57th season of the Scottish Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071423-0001-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 in Scottish football, Scotland national team\nScotland qualified for their first ever World Cup in 1954 which was held in Switzerland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 52], "content_span": [53, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071424-0000-0000", "contents": "1953\u201354 in Swedish football\nThe 1953\u201354 season in Swedish football, starting August 1953 and ending July 1954:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071425-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\n1954 (MCMLIV) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1954th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 954th  year of the 2nd\u00a0millennium, the 54th  year of the 20th\u00a0century, and the  5th   year of the 1950s decade.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 4], "section_span": [4, 4], "content_span": [5, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071426-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 10 Hours of Messina\nThe 3rd 10 Hours of Messina was a sports car race, held on 25 July 1954 in the street circuit of Messina, Italy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071427-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 1000 km Buenos Aires\nThe 1954 1000\u00a0km Buenos Aires was a motor race for sports cars which was held on January 24 at the Aut\u00f3dromo Municipal-Avenida Paz, (Buenos Aires, Argentina). It was the opening race of the 1954 World Sportscar Championship and was also the inaugural 1000 km Buenos Aires. The race was won by Giuseppe Farina and Umberto Maglioli, driving a Ferrari 375 MM", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071427-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 1000 km Buenos Aires, Report, Entry\nA grand total 38 racing cars were registered for this event, of which only 36 arrived for practice and qualifying. This being the first major sports car races of the year, the race was supported by the work of teams of Ferrari and Maserati . Both teams were represented by one car in the race. Ferrari with a 375 MM, which was piloted by Giuseppe Farina and the young Umberto Maglioli. The factory Maserati was piloted Emilio Giletti and Luigi Musso. With Osca came another factory teams from Italy. France was represented by Gordini, and from the UK came Aston Martin\u2019s entered by David Brown with Jaguar prepared and raced by Ecurie Ecosse. Also, the German works team of Borgward took the long journey to Buenos Aires.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 40], "content_span": [41, 762]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071427-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 1000 km Buenos Aires, Report, Qualifying\nCarroll Shelby took pole position for the privateer entry from Roy Cherryhomes team, in their Allard-Cadillac J2X.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 45], "content_span": [46, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071427-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 1000 km Buenos Aires, Report, Race\nThe race was held over 106 laps of the 5.888 miles Aut\u00f3dromo Municipal-Avenida Paz, giving a distance of 624.162 miles (1,000 km). In the race, the factory Ferrari won ahead of the privately entered Ferrari 250 MM of Alfonso de Portago and Harry Schell , as well as the Aston Martin DB3S by Peter Collins and Pat Griffith. At the lap 14, car number 42 (private Aston Martin DB3 chassis number one) driven by Greene and Stabile) got under fire and caused death of Eric Forrest Greene.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 39], "content_span": [40, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071427-0003-0001", "contents": "1954 1000 km Buenos Aires, Report, Race\nCar number 10, driven by Farina and Maglioli took an impressive victory, winning in a time of 6hrs 41:50.8 mins., averaging a speed of 93.197mph. Second place went to de Portago and Schell , albeit three laps adrift. The podium was complete by the winner of the 1953 RAC Tourist Trophy, Collins and Griffiths who in turn were a further lap down.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 39], "content_span": [40, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071427-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 1000 km Buenos Aires, Standings after the race\nChampionship points were awarded for the first six places in each race in the order of 8-6-4-3-2-1. Manufacturers were only awarded points for their highest finishing car with no points awarded for positions filled by additional cars. Only the best 4 results out of the 6 races could be retained by each manufacturer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 51], "content_span": [52, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071428-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 12 Hours of Sebring\nThe 1954 12 Hours of Sebring (officially the Florida International 12-Hour Grand Prix of Endurance ) was a motor race for sports cars, staged on 7 March 1954 at the Sebring International Raceway, Florida, United States. It was the second race of the 1954 World Sportscar Championship and was the fourth 12 Hours of Sebring. The race was won by Bill Lloyd and Stirling Moss driving an Osca MT4 1450.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071428-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Entry\nA grand total 89 sports cars were entered for this event, of which only 63 arrived for practice. The race was supported by the work of teams of Scuderia Lancia, running four cars, the Aston Martin running three cars and the Austin-Healey team consisting of four cars, only one of which was a factory entry, under the name of Donald Healey Ltd., the others entered by private individuals. The three work's Lancia D24\u2019s in particular were entered for \u2013 Juan Manuel Fangio and Eugenio Castellotti, Piero Taruffi and Robert Manzon and Alberto Ascari and Luigi Villoresi, were in a class of their own.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 636]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071428-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Entry\nThe factory Ferrari entries did not materialize, in order to defend their championship lead, but the private entries of Bill Spear and Briggs Cunningham were on hand. Likewise, there was no Jaguar factory team, but eight Jaguars were listed on the entry.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071428-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Entry\nSome of the race participants who also were noted in other fields of endeavor included ex-US congressman  Jim Simpson, \u201cinternational playboy\u201d Porfirio Rubirosa, and, fresh from finishing second in the Buenos Aires 1000km, Marquis de Portago \u2013 well known equestrian at the time and also a high ranking Spanish nobility.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071428-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Practice\nIt became obvious during Friday practice sessions that the race would be between the Ferraris and Lancias. The Lancia D24s lapped the 5.2 mile circuit in three minutes 38 seconds and on the Saturday, Cunningham's Ferrari 375 MM made it in 3m 31sec. Another of Cunningham cars, an Osca MT4 1450 piloted by young English driver, Stirling Moss with his partnered Bill Lloyd, turned in lap on Friday of, 3m 56 secs, although this small engined car, no one considered this car a real threat the Lancias.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 42], "content_span": [43, 541]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071428-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Race\nThe race was held over 12 hours on the 5.2 miles Sebring International Raceway. The early morning rain cleared to leave a cold, windy but dry day. However, throughout the race, the strong wind blowing directly out of the north created a nasty crosswind on the fast back stretch.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071428-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Race\nWith the race starting promptly at 10am, 59 cars scrambled for positions. Cunningham in his own Cunningham C-4R was the first across the line, but was soon headed by Erwin Goldschmidt in his Allard-Cadillac J2R. However, before the end of lap one, the three Lancias, of Fangio, Ascari and Taruffi had sorted themselves out and headed the field, running one, two and three with Spear's Ferrari close behind. The Cunningham Ferrari of Phil Walters, stopped for a replacement spark plug and lost several minutes. Moss was keeping the bigger cars on their toes holding down 4th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 613]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071428-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Race\nAround mid-distance, trouble hits Spear's Ferrari, crippled by a broken oil seal. Last year's winner's, John Fitch and Walters, in their Ferrari had been marking up time, and with Spear's retirement, the only threat to the flying Lancias. Fitch and Walters had been pushing the car hard, and this too would not finish, going out late afternoon with a bad connecting rod bearing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071428-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Race\nAs darkness fell on the former Hendricks Army Airfield, the Lancias of Ascari and Villoresi, and Fangio and Castellotti had retired due to brakes and gearbox issues respectively, leaving the burden on the shoulders of Taruffi and Manzon. This D24, was still lapping swiftly on the now night-blackened circuit, at an average speed of 82\u00a0mph \u2013 more than seven mph faster than the 1953 record-breaking Cunningham C-4R \u2013 albeit with only one headlight.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071428-0008-0001", "contents": "1954 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Race\nAs Taruffi and Manzon streaked out of sight, chief race steward, Alec Ulmann announced that the Lancia would be black-flagged if it continued to race with just one light. The team's race director, Attilio Pasquarelli put out a red flag, and leaned far out onto the course to block the car's path. When the car finally pitted, Manzon protested: \u201cThe car wouldn\u2019t go any faster \u2013 oil pressure was off\u201d. He thought the red flag was a pit signal that their lead was in danger.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071428-0009-0000", "contents": "1954 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Race\nDespite, as Moss said, the Lancias were \u201cwiping the floor with the rest of us\u201d, Lloyd and Moss soon took advantage of the Osca's beautiful handling, by throwing the car sideways, into the corners to scrub off as much speed as they started to countering the high brake wear.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071428-0010-0000", "contents": "1954 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Race\nThe three Aston Martins had retired quite early  and the leading Lancia D24 being driven by Manzon, stopped on the circuit with engine trouble an hour from the end of the race. Manzon returned to the pits on foot, but co-driver Taruffi acted to push the car for the mile and a half back to the pits. The Lancia was finally pushed across the finish line but was disqualified and the Osca, driven by Moss and Lloyd, won the race. The Osca survived a slightly suspect clutch and a tremendous rain storm to take a totally unexpected win. They covered 168 laps (873.6 miles), averaging a speed of 72.800\u00a0mph. Second place went to the Lancia D24 of Porfirio Rubirosa and Gino Valenzano, albeit five laps adrift. Third place was awarded to the Austin-Healey 100 entered by Donald Healey and driven by Lance Macklin and George Huntoon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 866]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071428-0011-0000", "contents": "1954 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Race\nAlthough there were no fatalities during the race, James Brundage, died in Fort Lauderdale, Florida on his way home when the Allard he was driving hit a tree.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071428-0012-0000", "contents": "1954 12 Hours of Sebring, Standings after the race\nChampionship points were awarded for the first six places in each race in the order of 8-6-4-3-2-1. Manufacturers were only awarded points for their highest finishing car with no points awarded for positions filled by additional cars. Only the best 4 results out of the 6 races could be retained by each manufacturer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 50], "content_span": [51, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071429-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 24 Hours of Le Mans\nThe 1954 24 Hours of Le Mans was a 22nd race for Sports Cars, and took place on 12 and 13 June 1954, at the Circuit de la Sarthe, Le Mans, France. It was also the fourth race of the 1954 World Sportscar Championship. The race was won by Jos\u00e9 Froil\u00e1n Gonz\u00e1lez and Maurice Trintignant driving a Ferrari 375 Plus.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071429-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 24 Hours of Le Mans\nPeople viewed this race as a battle between brute force and science (per the July 1954 \"Motor Sport\" article). In the high technology corner, with its sleek, aerodynamic bodywork was the new 3.4-litre Jaguar D-Type, and in the other corner was Ferrari's formidable 5.0-litre V12 375 Plus. Ranged in between was everyone else. The race was heavily affected by poor weather throughout and was a thriller right to the end, producing the closest finish for the race since 1933: less than 5km (half a lap).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071429-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 24 Hours of Le Mans, Regulations\nThe ACO again extended the replenishment window (last updated in 1952) of fuel, oil and water from 28 to 30 laps (405\u00a0km) although brake fluid was now exempted from this restriction for safety reasons. The equivalence multiplier for forced-induction engines (i.e. supercharged) was reduced from x2.0 to x1.4.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071429-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 24 Hours of Le Mans, Regulations\nOn the track, the stretch from the corners at Mulsanne to Arnage was widened to 8 metres (finishing the work starting in 1950) and the Indianapolis corner was given a slightly banked camber.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071429-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 24 Hours of Le Mans, Regulations\nAlso, this was the first year the race would be televised, getting it a far bigger potential audience.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071429-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nAfter the previous year's intense interest from manufacturers for the new Championship, this year the variety of works teams was reduced: Mercedes had decided to stay focused on F1, Alfa Romeo had closed its racing division, Lancia scratched their team (supposedly daunted by the speed of the Jaguars) and Austin-Healey boycotted the event because of the ongoing presence of the sports-car prototypes. But there were still 85 cars registered for this event, of which a full field of 58 arrived for practice as the remaining manufacturers increased their presence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 597]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071429-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nAs before, Jaguar's sole racing focus for the year was Le Mans and after their 1953 success, they arrived with three of the fantastic new Jaguar D-Type - purpose-built for the smooth tarmac of La Sarthe. A beautiful design, it had been tested in a wind-tunnel and featured the now-famous vertical fin to provide high-speed stability.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071429-0006-0001", "contents": "1954 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nLow (only 32 inches (810\u00a0mm)) and sleek, it was extremely fast: the 3.4-litre straight-6 engine was redesigned and tilted at 8 degrees (to reduce height, like the Mercedes-Benz 300 SL had done) and developed 250\u00a0bhp with a top speed over 270\u00a0km/h. The cars were so new that they had not even been painted when they got to Le Mans. The driver line-up was kept pretty much the same from 1953 with winners Tony Rolt / Duncan Hamilton, and 2nd place Stirling Moss / Peter Walker.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071429-0006-0002", "contents": "1954 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nThis year Peter Whitehead was paired with F1 driver Ken Wharton (his former co-driver Ian Stewart was racing with his brother, Graham, at Aston Martin). An ex-works C-Type was provided for the Belgian Ecurie Francorchamps team when their original car was crashed on the way to the circuit by a Jaguar mechanic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071429-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nThe major Italian works teams, Scuderia Ferrari, Officine Alfieri Maserati and Automobili Osca all brought new cars for this race: Ferrari's answer to the D-type was the new Ferrari 375 Plus: styled by Pinin Farina, it had a bored-out version of the Lampredi-designed V12 engine, now up to 4,954cc and putting out some 345\u00a0bhp, (nearly 40% more than the Jaguars) and a top speed approaching 270\u00a0km/h. Not as fast as the Jaguar, but its excellent acceleration was a suitable equaliser on a power-circuit such as Le Mans, with its long straights.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071429-0007-0001", "contents": "1954 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nWith three of his best drivers now unavailable \u2013 Alberto Ascari was with Lancia, Giuseppe Farina had been injured in the Mille Miglia and Mike Hawthorn's father had just died suddenly \u2013 Ferrari could still field a top team of drivers: three of them - Umberto Maglioli, Jos\u00e9 Froil\u00e1n Gonz\u00e1lez and Maurice Trintignant were in the current Ferrari F1 works team. With them were Paolo Marzotto (the only works finisher in the 1953 race), ex-Gordini driver Robert Manzon (like Trintignant) and Louis Rosier, 1952 race winner with Talbot. They were backed up three other Ferraris entered by Briggs Cunningham's and Luigi Chinetti's American teams. Glamour came with Chinetti's team with film star Zsa Zsa Gabor accompanying her rich playboy-boyfriend, Dominican Porfirio Rubirosa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 806]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071429-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nMaserati was taking over the Formula 1 world in 1954 with its outstanding 250F. They had also developed an uprated version of their A6GCS sportscar, replacing the 2.0-litre engine with the 2.5L version from the 250F. A standard 2.0-litre version was also privately entered, with factory support, for the Marquis de Portago. OSCA had started the year sensationally when a 1500cc MT-4 entered by Cunningham and driven by Stirling Moss and Bill Lloyd won the Sebring 12-hours against far more powerful opposition. Three such cars arrived at Le Mans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071429-0009-0000", "contents": "1954 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nAlways looking to be competitive, as well as running the Ferrari 375 MM (because Ferrari had refused to sell him an engine for his own cars), Cunningham had tried to secure the new Dunlop disc brakes for his cars. However Jaguar used its contract-right to veto the deal. He arrived with a pair of the older Cunningham C-4R roadsters for his regular driver complement\u2013 the sole entrants in the Over-5 litre class.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071429-0010-0000", "contents": "1954 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nIt was a big entry for Lagonda-Aston Martin with five works cars and two private entries. One of the two DB3S spyders had a supercharged 2.9L engine that developed 235\u00a0bhp driven by British F1 drivers Reg Parnell and Roy Salvadori, the other was run by Carroll Shelby. Alongside them were a pair of aerodynamic coup\u00e9s & the long-running, expensive Lagonda sports car with a 4.5L V12 (effectively a double-Aston Martin engine)Gordini arrived with four cars, competing in three classes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071429-0010-0001", "contents": "1954 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nThe lead car, a T24S driven by Behra and Simon, had a 3.0L engine developing 230\u00a0bhp and new Messier disc brakes was capable of over 230\u00a0km/h. Gordini also entered a pair of older T15S, also with disc-brakes but with 2.5L and 2.0L engines respectively. Talbot sent no works team this year but supplied an improved 4.5L engine (now capable of 280\u00a0bhp) for the T26 spyders of the three private entries (Levegh, Meyrat, Grignard).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071429-0011-0000", "contents": "1954 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nIn the S-2000 class Bristol returned with three coup\u00e9s developed from the previous year's model, with better styling and improved aerodynamics. There were also three Frazer-Nashes, using the same Bristol engine, as well as the first entries in the race for Triumph (an off-the shop-floor TR2) and Maserati.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071429-0012-0000", "contents": "1954 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nPorsche returned with three cars to contest the S-1500 category against the OSCAs. The Porsche 550s were given a new quad-cam engine making 110\u00a0bhp and 210\u00a0km/h, and this year were open-top spyders. Another was also given a smaller 1089cc engine for the S-1100 class. The small British sportscar firm Kieft arrived with two cars to take on the smallest Porsche \u2013 bringing the first fibreclass chassis to Le Mans. One was also the first car with the new Coventry Climax FWA engine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071429-0013-0000", "contents": "1954 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nThe small-engine classes were well-represented, and again dominated by the French Renault and Panhard derivatives. This year DB had five cars present that comprised a pair of the tiny new central-seat HBR model with Panhard engines and three HDR models using rear-engined Renault power. Panhard itself, now with a full racing department, had 4 works entries built by Monopole who also had their own entry.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071429-0014-0000", "contents": "1954 24 Hours of Le Mans, Practice\nJaguar was able to get an unofficial practice in May on the full track in an unrelated event and Tony Rolt took the prototype D-type round fully 5 seconds faster than Alberto Ascari's lap record from the previous year in the Indy-engined Ferrari. In the official practice, all three works cars recorded identical times. and they and the Ferraris were a step up from the rest of the field. Overall, the Jaguars had better handling, disc brakes and were faster (Moss was timed at 154.44\u00a0mph/278\u00a0km/h over the flying kilometre, giving a huge 20\u00a0km/h advantage), but the Ferrari had superior power and acceleration. The supercharged Aston Martin, the Lagonda, and the Porsches were also impressively quick.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 737]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071429-0015-0000", "contents": "1954 24 Hours of Le Mans, Practice\nUnfortunately the Maserati works transporter broke down en route to the track and the car had to be withdrawn as it arrived too late for scrutineering. The Marquis de Portago was able to take the start however, as he had driven his own car direct from the Modena factory in Italy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071429-0016-0000", "contents": "1954 24 Hours of Le Mans, Practice\nControversially, Gilberte Thirion qualified the 2-litre works Gordini but was excluded from competing because of her gender (only three years after the Coupe des Dames was awarded to female drivers) \u2013 her father drove in her stead in the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071429-0017-0000", "contents": "1954 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start\nAt 4pm the race was started under dark clouds by Prince Bernhard, consort of Queen Juliana of the Netherlands, and an avid motor-racing fan. It came as no surprise when the mighty 375's of Gonz\u00e1lez, Marzotto and Manzon stormed away in 1-2-3 formation at the start, with Moss, Rolt and Wharton (who had a startline collision) in close pursuit. After only five laps the first heavy downpour arrived, negating the Ferrari power advantage. By the end of the first hour, Gonz\u00e1lez and Marzotto and Moss had a gap over Rolt, and Manzon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 567]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071429-0017-0001", "contents": "1954 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start\nThe rest of the field was already a lap down. Forty minutes later on lap 22, still in heavy rain, Moss managed to take the lead, starting the to-and\u2013fro battle between the two marques. Wharton had been held up in the first hour with a blocked fuel filter and over the next couple of hours, the other two Jaguars suffered engine misfires giving the Ferraris a lap's lead over the field. Walker stopped out on the track for 50 minutes, but the Moss/Walker car would not be staging an epic comeback this year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071429-0017-0002", "contents": "1954 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start\nMeanwhile, Behra's Gordini and Fitch's Cunningham were regularly trading places in the top-10, mimicking the disc-brakes versus power battle at the front. However soon after 7pm, Behra pitted with ignition problems and then stopped out on the track beyond Mason Blanche. He pushed the car all the way back to the pits to get going again, but it eventually retired in the middle of the night.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071429-0018-0000", "contents": "1954 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start\nA number of other cars had been caught out in the rain: On only lap 5 Count Baggio planted the playboy Ferrari right into the Tertre Rouge sandbank and could not dig it out (so Rubirosa never got a chance to drive for his movie-star girlfriend). The other American Ferrari, of Fitch/Walters, was running 6th when a rocker-arm broke, dropping them out of the running while the engine was repaired. Eric Thompson spun the Lagonda backwards into the bank at the Esses. After nearly 2hours to get it mobile and back to the pits it was retired because the rear lights were too badly damaged and deemed unsafe.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 642]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071429-0019-0000", "contents": "1954 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start\nAfter four hours, at 8pm, Gonz\u00e1lez and Marzotto were lapping together, still having not swapped with their respective co-drivers, and a lap ahead of Rosier and Whitehead. Salvadori was fifth in the supercharged Aston, then Hamilton and the two Aston coup\u00e9s, the Belgian Jaguar and Cunningham's own car filling out the top ten.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071429-0020-0000", "contents": "1954 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Night\nAt 9.30pm, the Talbot of Meyrat collided with the Aston Martin of 'Jimmy' Stewart as both were lapping a slower car in the fast section coming up to Maison Blanche. Meyrat ended in the hedgerows, but the Aston Martin rolled throwing Stewart clear. The car was completely written off and Stewart was very lucky to only suffer a serious arm break (that eventually contributed to his retirement from racing). The mid-evening showers caused another flurry of accidents and retirements, including Levegh who was in 8th place when he spun and wrecked his Talbot's suspension. As the rain finally eased off Wharton and Whitehead made a strong comeback, getting back to 3rd which became 2nd when the Maglioli/Manzon Ferrari broke its gearbox just after 11pm.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 788]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071429-0021-0000", "contents": "1954 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Night\nThe D-types were now steadily hauling themselves back into contention. At midnight Gonz\u00e1lez/Trintignant were two laps ahead of Whitehead/Wharton. Manzon/Rosier were third, ahead of Rolt/Hamilton and the Aston Martins of Parnell/Salvadori and Collins/Bira completing the top six. The rain returned and the lead Jaguar had to pit again with fuel-line issues. After several more pitstops it finally retired with a broken gearbox. It joined Moss' car that had become undriveable after he had a total brake failure at the end of the Mulsanne straight doing 160\u00a0mph  (taking two miles to stop on the escape road with hand-brake and gearbox!)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 673]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071429-0021-0001", "contents": "1954 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Night\nRolt and Hamilton however, managed to move into 2nd place by half-time, albeit still two laps adrift. Third was the other Ferrari, followed by the Spear/Johnston Cunningham and the supercharged Aston Martin. Just afterward, in an unusual co-incidence, Prince Bira crashed his Aston Martin, while running in 4th place, within yards of Thompson's Aston coup\u00e9 that had crashed earlier. In the next hour, the Herrmann/Polensky Porsche, leading the S-1500 class and an impressive 7th place overall, retired with a blown head gasket. This left Macklin leading the class in the OSCA, a full 20 laps ahead of the Bristol leading the S-2000 class", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 675]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071429-0022-0000", "contents": "1954 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Morning\nAs dawn arrived the Ferrari of Rosier/Manzon, running third, retired with a broken gearbox, jammed in second gear. Now the battle was reduced to just one car for each team at the front of the field. What's more, as the clouds built up and rain became an ever-present threat, the prospects for the aerodynamic D-types were starting to look promising.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071429-0023-0000", "contents": "1954 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Morning\nBy breakfast time, the rain started to come down very heavily and the stage was set for a heroic chase. Gonz\u00e1lez and Trintignant could afford to take things cautiously, but any unnecessary delays would enable the pursuing Jaguar to open up a chink the Ferrari's armour, and as the rain intensified, the sole remaining D-type piled on the pressure. But Trintignant responded and both cars roared round doing sub-4'30\" lap-times. By 9.30am, after Gonz\u00e1lez's fuel stop when the Ferrari hesitated in restarting, the Jaguar team got more motivation and the lead was down to 3 minutes. But at 10am, Rolt glanced the bank coming out of Arnage lapping a slower car, and 2 minutes were lost in the pits for a bout of impromptu panelbeating.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 771]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071429-0024-0000", "contents": "1954 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Morning\nThe rain then eased during the morning, allowing the Ferrari to use its power to better effect, but still the Jaguar would not give up. Despite this, the race order remained fairly constant and at midday the order was still Ferrari, Jaguar, Cunningham, Jaguar, Cunningham, Aston Martin, Gordini and the OSCA as the leading small-engined car. The two remaining Porsches were running slowly, trying to get to the end of the race. The supercharged Aston Martin had been running surprisingly well all race until just after midday when a head-gasket failure caused its retirement. Around 1pm a ferocious squall slowed all the cars to a snail's pace, then the Jaguar drivers began to close the gap again on Trintignant as the track dried.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 772]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071429-0025-0000", "contents": "1954 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race\nWith just two hours left to run, Gonz\u00e1lez and Trintignant were still almost two laps ahead of the English car. Ninety minutes to run and Trintignant brought the Ferrari in for a routine stop. Gonz\u00e1lez took over, but the V12 refused to restart. The Ferrari lost 7 minutes as the mechanics desperately worked on the engine. The rain started again and Rolt was now in sight: he came in to stop for new goggles, but his pit crew waved him on, and now the Jaguar was on the same lap as the leader.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071429-0026-0000", "contents": "1954 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race\nFinally the Ferrari mechanics found the problem: the rain had saturated the ignition wiring. When Gonz\u00e1lez finally got going he was now only 3'14\" ahead of the Jaguar. With thunder and lightning now lashing the circuit and unable to see, Rolt pitted and handed over to Hamilton for the final assault with an hour to go. Hamilton then put in extraordinary times in the rain, cutting the lead to just 90 seconds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071429-0026-0001", "contents": "1954 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race\nGonz\u00e1lez was exhausted (he had not eaten or slept through the  weekend) and his lap times dropped to 5'30\", but his pit-crew urged him on and as the rain stopped with a half-hour to go, and the track dried out, he was once more able to bring the power of the Ferrari to bear again and extend the gap. Finally able to ease off on the final lap, Gonz\u00e1lez crossed the line to win by just under three minutes - but still the closest finish in the race since 1933.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071429-0027-0000", "contents": "1954 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race\nMeanwhile, in the smaller classes, the pair of works OSCAs had an ample lead of 15 laps over the struggling Porsches and running in the top-10 overall. Yet within ten minutes, with just 2 hours to go, everything fell apart. First, the leading one of Giardini crashed and rolled at Mulsanne, then the one running second hit the barriers at Dunlop curve. Pierre Leygonie ran the short distance back to the pits to get equipment and advice from the pit-crew.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071429-0027-0001", "contents": "1954 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race\nHe managed to get it going again and back to the pits to hand over to Lance Macklin but they were then disqualified at race-end for having abandoned the car. To round off a bitter race for OSCA, their last car was running second in the S-1100 class but its transmission broke in the final laps of the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071429-0028-0000", "contents": "1954 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race\nDespite the atrocious weather, Gonz\u00e1lez and Trintignant had still driven their Ferrari 375 Plus through 302 laps, just 2 laps less than the year before, and covering over 2,500 miles (4,000\u00a0km). In his delight, Prince Bernhard jumped aboard with Trintignant for his victory lap in the rain. In the end it came down to pit-time: 37 minutes for the Jaguar versus 29 minutes for the Ferrari. The podium was completed by the American pair, William \"Bill\" Spear and Sherwood Johnston, in their Cunningham C-4R, who were far behind, 19 laps (over 250\u00a0km) back, Briggs himself came in 5th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 635]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071429-0028-0001", "contents": "1954 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race\nDespite their very reliable Chrysler engines, the Cunninghams were unable to match the pace of the leaders. Splitting the two American cars was the Belgian Jaguar which had run like clockwork despite not getting any pre-race testing. The last remaining Gordini came in 6th earning a special FF1 million prize as first French car home. After the demise of the OSCAs, Porsche inherited class wins in the S-1500, and S-1100, by having the only cars left running in their classes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 529]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071429-0029-0000", "contents": "1954 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race\nBristol had a great race: finishing 6-7-8 overall and a clear 1-2-3 in their class. Although running most of the race behind the smaller OSCA, their leader finished over 30 laps ahead of the only class-competitor Fraser-Nash to finish. Aside from a window-wiper making life difficult for Wilson/Mayers (they had to drive at times with the door open to see out!) and Jack Fairman spinning with less than an hour to go (thereby losing the class win) they had a trouble-free run.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 529]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071429-0029-0001", "contents": "1954 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race\nThe little DB cars also had one of their best races \u2013 finally winning the Index of Performance, as well as the Biennial Cup. Owner-driver Ren\u00e9 Bonnet and \u00c9lie Bayol finished a remarkable 10th overall with a class-distance record (going further than Nuvolari's winning Alfa Romeo 20 years earlier), embarrassing many far-bigger cars left in their wake. The Monopole entry was second in class, but had the remarkable record of having spent a mere five minutes and ten seconds at rest in the pits for the whole race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 566]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071429-0030-0000", "contents": "1954 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race\nOne who did not finish was the last Talbot running \u2013 after numerous issues with engine and gearbox problems, the pit crew sent it out with ten minutes to go to do the final lap, but it could not complete it within 30 minutes and so was not classified.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071429-0031-0000", "contents": "1954 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race\nThe Argentinian winner earned a special place in Ferrari history: Three years earlier, he had scored Ferrari's first F1 victory. Now, in his last appearance at La Sarthe, he also gave the first victory for the Scuderia Ferrari at Le Mans. The weather had precluded any chance of breaking distance records, although in the dry both Gonz\u00e1lez and Marzotto had smashed Ascari's lap record by over 10 seconds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071429-0032-0000", "contents": "1954 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race\nDespite its abortive attempt in this race, the 2-litre Maserati proved dominant across Europe, winning over 20 class wins in the season. In October, DB inaugurated the first one-make race series, Formula Monomill for young drivers, using an 851cc DB-Panhard. The first race, at Montlh\u00e9ry,was won by Jo Schlesser.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071429-0033-0000", "contents": "1954 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race\nThe Porsche 550s had great success in the Championship's final round, in the Carrera Panamericana, with Herrmann finishing an excellent 3rd overall. The year before they had a class win, and the name 'Carrera' was applied to the 356 road-cars with the quad-cam engine. Many sales followed to privateer racers, furthering the company's racing reputation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071429-0034-0000", "contents": "1954 24 Hours of Le Mans, Official results\nResults taken from Quentin Spurring's book, officially licensed by the ACO", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 42], "content_span": [43, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071429-0035-0000", "contents": "1954 24 Hours of Le Mans, Statistics\nTaken from Quentin Spurring's book, officially licensed by the ACO", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 36], "content_span": [37, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071429-0036-0000", "contents": "1954 24 Hours of Le Mans, World Championship Standings after the race\nChampionship points were awarded for the first six places in each race in the order of 8-6-4-3-2-1. Manufacturers were only awarded points for their highest finishing car, with no points awarded for positions filled by additional cars.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 69], "content_span": [70, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071430-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 A Group\nStatistics of Bulgarian A Football Group in the 1954 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 73]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071430-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 A Group, Overview\nIt was contested by 14 teams, and CSKA Sofia won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 22], "content_span": [23, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071431-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 AAA Championship Car season\nThe 1954 AAA Championship Car season consisted of 13 races, beginning in Speedway, Indiana on May 30 and concluding in Las Vegas, Nevada on November 14. There was also one non-championship event in Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania. The AAA National Champion was Jimmy Bryan, and the Indianapolis 500 winner was Bill Vukovich. Bob Scott was killed in the Independence Day Sweepstakes race at Darlington.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071431-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 AAA Championship Car season, Final points standings\nNote: The points became the car, when not only one driver led the car, the relieved driver became small part of the points. Points for driver method: (the points for the finish place) / (number the lap when completed the car) * (number the lap when completed the driver)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 56], "content_span": [57, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071432-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 ACC Men's Basketball Tournament\nThe inaugural Atlantic Coast Conference Men's Basketball Tournament was held in Raleigh, North Carolina, at Reynolds Coliseum from March 4\u20136, 1954. NC State defeated Wake Forest, 82\u201380 in overtime, to win the championship. Dickie Hemric of Wake Forest was named tournament MVP.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071433-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Aberdare by-election\nThe Aberdare by-election, 1954 was a parliamentary by-election held on 28 October 1954 for the British House of Commons constituency of Aberdare in Wales. The seat had become vacant when the Labour Member of Parliament (MP) David Thomas had died on 20 June 1954. Thomas had held the seat since a 1946 by-election. The Labour candidate, Arthur Probert held the seat for the party. He remained the constituency's MP until his retirement at the February 1974 general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071435-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Adelaide earthquake\nThe 1954 Adelaide earthquake had its epicentre at Darlington, a suburb of the city of Adelaide in South Australia, some 12\u00a0km (7.5\u00a0mi) to the south of the Adelaide city centre. The quake took place at 3:40 am in the early morning of 1 March 1954 and had a reported magnitude of 5.6. An area of more than 700\u00a0km2 sustained an intensity greater than V on the Mercalli intensity scale.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071435-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Adelaide earthquake, Geology\nAs Australia lies in the middle of a tectonic plate, South Australia is relatively stable geologically. However, South Australia is the second most earthquake-prone of the Australian states with around 3\u20134 tremors each day. Most tremors are of a magnitude below 2.5, and so noteworthy only to seismologists. Since they are dispersed fairly evenly across the state, most occur well away from centres of human population. The 1954 Adelaide earthquake differed because of its magnitude, which made it the fourth most intense earthquake reported in the state since settlement in 1836, and because it occurred in an area of dense human settlement.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 676]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071435-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Adelaide earthquake, Geology\nThe quake is thought to have started along the Eden-Burnside fault line, which is essentially the Hills face zone, at a depth of 4\u00a0km. However, due to a lack of instruments at the time, this is uncertain. Due to the Adelaide plains being primarily heavy clay, amplification of the tremor was reduced, resulting in less damage than a quake of this size would be expected to cause in a metropolitan area. There were no reported fatalities, and 16 reported injuries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071435-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Adelaide earthquake, Damage\nThe total cost of the damage was estimated at around \u00a317 million (2017: $578 million), but only \u00a33 million (2017:$104 million) was paid out in insurance for 30,303 claims, covering around 22% of the damaged buildings. Adelaide in 1954 was still subject to wartime rationing, and most damaged property was uninsured. The earthquake was the most destructive earthquake in recorded Australian history until 1989, when it was eclipsed by the 5.6 Richter magnitude Newcastle earthquake, which caused $4 billion damage, killed 13 people, and injured 160.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 32], "content_span": [33, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071435-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Adelaide earthquake, Damage\nOne of the settlement's earliest buildings, the Victoria Hotel in Hindley Street, suffered partial collapse. Other major buildings severely damaged included the local Catholic cathedral, St Francis Xavier Cathedral, the General Post Office clock tower, and a newly completed hospital in Blackwood which sustained major damage in all its wards and offices (though an operating theatre survived). The Wakefield Street Private Hospital was damaged to the tune of \u00a3600, which was not covered by insurance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 32], "content_span": [33, 534]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071435-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Adelaide earthquake, Damage\nThe Britannia statue in Pirie Street, Adelaide was badly damaged, and since it had also been similarly damaged in the 1897 Beachport and 1902 Warooka earthquakes, the clock in the statue was permanently removed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 32], "content_span": [33, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071435-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 Adelaide earthquake, Damage\nOutside of Adelaide there was little damage. The Troubridge Island Lighthouse off the south east corner of Yorke Peninsula, 83\u00a0km west of Adelaide across the Gulf St Vincent, shut down after the quake damaged its generator, while the Cape St Albans Lighthouse on Kangaroo Island began flashing irregularly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 32], "content_span": [33, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071436-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Akron Zips football team\nThe 1954 Akron Zips football team was an American football team that represented the University of Akron in the Ohio Athletic Conference (OAC) during the 1954 college football season. In its first season under head coach Joe McMullen, the team compiled a 3\u20135 record (3-4 against OAC opponents). John Cistone and Mario Rossi were the team captains. The team played its home games at the Rubber Bowl in Akron, Ohio.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071437-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Alabama Crimson Tide football team\nThe 1954 Alabama Crimson Tide football team (variously \"Alabama\", \"UA\" or \"Bama\") represented the University of Alabama in the 1954 college football season. It was the Crimson Tide's 60th overall and 21st season as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The team was led by head coach Harold Drew, in his eighth year, and played their home games at Denny Stadium in Tuscaloosa, Legion Field in Birmingham, Ladd Stadium in Mobile and at the Cramton Bowl in Montgomery, Alabama. They finished with a record of four wins, five losses and two ties (4\u20135\u20132 overall, 3\u20133\u20132 in the SEC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 626]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071437-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Alabama Crimson Tide football team\nAfter a second consecutive season-opening loss to Mississippi Southern, Alabama reeled off a four-game winning streak that included shutout victories over LSU, Tulsa and Tennessee. However, the Crimson Tide followed their streak by scoring only 14 points over the final six games of the 1954 season. After their win over Tennessee, Alabama lost to Mississippi State, and in the loss began a streak of 16 consecutive scoreless quarters that tied the all-time school record. Consecutive scoreless ties against Georgia and Tulane followed, despite quarterback Bart Starr's attempted comeback from a brutal pre-season hazing injury. The season ended with losses to Georgia Tech, Miami and Auburn by a combined score of 71\u20137. Their record of 4\u20135\u20132 was only Alabama's second losing season in 50 years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 835]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071437-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Alabama Crimson Tide football team\nAfter the conclusion of the season, on December 2, Harold Drew resigned as head coach of the Crimson Tide. During his tenure as head coach, Drew had a winning record going 54\u201328\u20137 in seven years. Drew's teams won one conference title and played in three bowl games in eight years. On the day of Drew's resignation, Jennings B. Whitworth was introduced as his successor as head coach after he served in the same capacity at Oklahoma A&M.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071437-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Mississippi Southern\nTo open the 1954 season, Alabama was upset by the Mississippi Southern Southerners, for the second consecutive year, 7\u20132 at the Cramton Bowl on a Friday night. The only touchdown of the game was scored by the Golden Eagles in the first quarter on an 18-yard Brooks Tisdale touchdown run. For the remainder of the game, both defenses were dominate with the only points coming in the fourth quarter when Douglas Potts blocked a Southern punt into the end zone for a safety and made the final score 7\u20132. The loss brought Alabama's all-time record against Mississippi Southern to 6\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 77], "content_span": [78, 658]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071437-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, LSU\nTo open conference play for the 1954 season, Alabama defeated LSU 12\u20130 at Tiger Stadium in Baton Rouge. After a scoreless first quarter, Alabama scored their first touchdown on a 15-yard Bart Starr pass to Thomas Tharp for a 6\u20130 halftime lead. On the first play of the final period, Hootie Ingram scored on a 69-yard run and made the final score 12\u20130. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against LSU to 15\u20136\u20134.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 60], "content_span": [61, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071437-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Vanderbilt\nAt Ladd Stadium, the Crimson Tide defeated the Vanderbilt Commodores by a final score of 28\u201314 in Mobile. Vanderbilt took a 7\u20130 first quarter lead after Charley Horton scored on a five-yard touchdown run. The Crimson Tide responded with a 30-yard Hootie Ingram touchdown pass to Thomas Tharp to tie the game 7\u20137 in the second quarter. However, the Commodores responded to take a 14\u20137 halftime lead after 28-yard Horton touchdown run. Early in the third, a blocked Vandy punt gave Alabama possession at the Commodores 16-yard line.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 67], "content_span": [68, 598]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071437-0005-0001", "contents": "1954 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Vanderbilt\nFour plays later, William Stone tied the game at 14\u201314 with his two-yard touchdown run. Alabama then closed with a pair of touchdowns to win the game 28\u201314. In the third, Albert Elmore threw a seven-yard touchdown pass to Bobby Luna and in the fourth, Tharp scored on a 10-yard run. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Vanderbilt to 18\u201314\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 67], "content_span": [68, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071437-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Tulsa\nIn the first Denny Stadium game of the season, Alabama shutout the Tulsa Golden Hurricane 40\u20130 in a contest that saw the Crimson Tide throw five touchdown passes. Alabama took a 14\u20130 first quarter lead after a 22-yard Hootie Ingram pass to William Hollis and on a 26-yard Ollie Yates pass to Curtis Lynch. Another pair of touchdowns in the second quarter on a four-yard Jerry Watford run and an 18-yard Yates pass to Billy Lumpkin made the halftime score 26\u20130 in favor of the Crimson Tide. Alabama then closed their scoring with a pair of third-quarter touchdowns on a 17-yard Albert Elmore pass to Paul Donaldson and finally on an 88-yard Elmore pass to Bobby Luna that made the final score 40\u20130. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Tulsa to 2\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 62], "content_span": [63, 829]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071437-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Tennessee\nIn their annual rivalry game against the Tennessee, Alabama shutout the Volunteers 27\u20130 and handed the Vols their worst home loss to date. After a scoreless first quarter, Alabama took a 7\u20130 halftime lead after Albert Elmore threw an 11-yard touchdown pass to Bobby Luna late in the second quarter. A pair of Elmore touchdown passes in the third quarter, seven-yards to Thomas Tharp and 25-yards to Nicholas Germanos, extended the Crimson Tide lead to 21\u20130. The final points came late in the fourth quarter when Tharp returned an interception 96-yards for touchdown and the 27\u20130 victory. The return remained the longest in Alabama history through the 1991 season when Mark McMillian had a 98-yard return against Chattanooga. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Tennessee to 18\u201313\u20135.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 66], "content_span": [67, 868]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071437-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Mississippi State\nOn homecoming in Tuscaloosa, the Crimson Tide were defeated by the Mississippi State Maroons 12\u20137 at Denny Stadium. After a scoreless first quarter, Alabama took a 7\u20130 halftime lead when Albert Elmore threw a three-yard touchdown pass to Thomas Tharp with only 0:25 left in the second. The Maroons scored their first touchdown in the third quarter when Bobby Collins returned a Bobby Luna punt 56-yards to cut the Crimson Tide lead to 7\u20136. State then scored the game-winning touchdown on a 30-yard Joe Silveri run in the fourth and gave the Maroons the 12\u20137 victory. The loss brought Alabama's all-time record against Mississippi State to 28\u20138\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 74], "content_span": [75, 721]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071437-0009-0000", "contents": "1954 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Georgia\nAt Birmingham, the Crimson Tide battled the Georgia Bulldogs to a scoreless tie in the first Legion Field game of the season. The tie brought Alabama's all-time record against Georgia to 21\u201315\u20134.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 64], "content_span": [65, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071437-0010-0000", "contents": "1954 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Tulane\nFor their game against Tulane, Alabama traveled to New Orleans and played the Green Wave to a scoreless tie, the second for the Crimson Tide in two weeks. The tie brought Alabama's all-time record against Tulane to 16\u20137\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 63], "content_span": [64, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071437-0011-0000", "contents": "1954 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Georgia Tech\nAgainst Georgia Tech, Alabama extended their scoreless streak to 14 quarters before a nationally televised audience against the Yellow Jackets 20\u20130 at Grant Field. Tech took a commanding 13\u20130 lead in the first quarter with touchdowns scored on runs of 45-yards by Paul Rotenberry and seven-yards by E. O. Thompson. The Jackets then scored their final points in the third on a six-yard Thompson run for the 20\u20130 victory. The loss brought Alabama's all-time record against Georgia Tech to 18\u201315\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 69], "content_span": [70, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071437-0012-0000", "contents": "1954 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Miami\nOn a Friday evening in Miami, Alabama was defeated by the Miami Hurricanes 23\u20137 at Burdine Stadium. After a scoreless first, Miami took a 10\u20130 halftime lead after Porky Oliver kicked a field goal and on a six-yard Whitey Rouviere touchdown run in the second quarter. The Crimson Tide then ended a 16 quarter shutout streak in the third quarter when Bart Starr scored on a one-yard run and made the score 10\u20137. The Hurricanes then closed the game with a pair of fourth-quarter touchdowns and won the game 23\u20137. The loss brought Alabama's all-time record against Miami to 3\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 62], "content_span": [63, 637]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071437-0013-0000", "contents": "1954 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Auburn\nFor the first time since the 1949 season, Alabama was defeated by the rival Auburn Tigers 28\u20130 at Legion Field. Auburn led 7\u20130 at halftime with the only first half touchdown scored on a one-yard Bobby Freeman run in the first quarter. After a 41-yard Freeman run gave the Tigers a 14\u20130 lead in the third, a pair of fourth-quarter touchdowns gave Auburn the 28\u20130 victory. The final points came on a one-yard Joe Childress run and a three-yard Freeman run. The loss brought Alabama's all-time record against Auburn to 9\u20139\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 63], "content_span": [64, 586]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071438-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Alabama gubernatorial election\nThe 1954 Alabama gubernatorial election took place on November 2, 1954, to elect the Governor of Alabama. Incumbent Democrat Gordon Persons was term-limited, and could not seek a second consecutive term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071438-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Alabama gubernatorial election, Democratic primary\nAt the time this election took place, Alabama, as with most other southern states, was solidly Democratic, and the Republican Party had such diminished influence that the Democratic primary was the de facto contest for state offices; after winning the Democratic primary it was a given that the nominee would win the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 55], "content_span": [56, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071439-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Albanian Cup\n1954 Albanian Cup (Albanian: Kupa e Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb) was the eighth season of Albania's annual cup competition. It began in Spring 1954 with the First Round and ended in May 1954 with the Final match. Dinamo Tirana were the defending champions, having won their fourth Albanian Cup last season. The cup was won by Dinamo Tirana.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071439-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Albanian Cup\nThe rounds were played in a one-legged format similar to those of European competitions. If the number of goals was equal, the match was decided by extra time and a penalty shootout, if necessary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071439-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Albanian Cup, Quarter finals\nIn this round entered the 8 winners from the previous round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 33], "content_span": [34, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071439-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Albanian Cup, Semifinals\nIn this round entered the four winners from the previous round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 93]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071440-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Albanian National Championship\nThe 1954 Albanian National Championship was the seveneenth season of the Albanian National Championship, the top professional league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 1930.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071440-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Albanian National Championship, Overview\nIt was contested by 12 teams, and Partizani won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071441-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Albanian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in the People's Republic of Albania on 28 May 1954. The Democratic Front was the only party able to contest the elections, and subsequently won all 134 seats. Voter turnout was reported to be 99.9%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071442-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Aldbury Valetta accident\nOn 6 January 1954 WJ474 a twin-engined Vickers Valetta training aircraft of No. 2 Air Navigation School Royal Air Force crashed near RAF Bovingdon just after takeoff in bad weather.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071442-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Aldbury Valetta accident, Accident\nThe Valetta was authorised to carry out a pilot and navigation exercise from RAF Thorney Island to RAF Bovingdon and return. The flight was also to be used to transport a Rugby team for a match at RAF Halton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071442-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Aldbury Valetta accident, Accident\nThe aircraft had completed the first leg from Thorney Island to Bovingdon with 16 passengers without incident. For the return flight an extra passenger was carried although the aircraft had only 16 passenger seats. The pilot had not played in the Rugby match but the other crew members had. The Valetta took off at 17:16 with a visibility of 1200 yards in snow.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071442-0002-0001", "contents": "1954 Aldbury Valetta accident, Accident\nThe Valetta was seen to climb to about 400 feet then during a turn to the left it hit a tree five miles north of the airfield and crashed near Tom's Hill, Aldbury on part of the estate of the Ashridge Park National Trust. The aircraft crashed onto a wooded slope when both engines were torn off. The fuselage continued for another 100 yards with a debris trail of wreckage and bodies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071442-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Aldbury Valetta accident, Rescue and aftermath\nThe wreckage was spread over two miles, with a cold north wind and ice and snow on the ground combined with a narrow access road made rescue difficult. The fire brigade station officer said it had taken them half an hour to find the wreckage. The National Trust chief ranger with four of his staff were first on the scene reported \"Ten bodies were scattered about and we found two men alive. One was outside the aircraft and did not seem to be very badly hurt. The other was pulled from inside the smashed fuselage and was only semi-conscious.\" Two passengers were rescued but one died in hospital later; all the others on board were killed. The location was close to the same spot a Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress had crashed during World War II.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 51], "content_span": [52, 796]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071442-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Aldbury Valetta accident, Investigation\nThe cause of the accident was not established, but the extra passenger and weather at takeoff did not contribute to the crash. It was assumed that the pilot was trying to keep in eye contact with the ground in the poor visibility. Verdicts of accidental death were returned for the sixteen victims at the coroner's inquest held at Berkhamsted. The sole survivor said at the inquest he could not remember anything after boarding the aircraft at Bovingdon. The coroner said that before the aircraft departed \"certain things were not done which should have been done. But the question of taking off was entirely a matter for the pilot to decide.\" \"For some reason height was lost \u2013 no one knows why, no one will ever know. That caused the unfortunate crash. There was nothing wrong with the engines.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 44], "content_span": [45, 842]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071443-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Aldershot by-election\nThe Aldershot by-election  was held on 28 October 1954 when the Incumbent Conservative MP, Oliver Lyttelton was elevated to a new hereditary peerage, as Viscount Chandos. The by-election was won by the Conservative candidate Eric Errington.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071444-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Alexander Cup\nThe 1954 Alexander Cup was the Canadian national major ('open' to both amateur and professional leagues) senior ice hockey championship for the 1953\u201354 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071444-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Alexander Cup\nThe Maritime Major Hockey League (MMHL) was the only major league left in Canada, so its winner, the Halifax Atlantics were awarded the Alexander Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071445-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Algerian Assembly election\nMember State of the African Union Member State of the Arab League", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071445-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Algerian Assembly election\nElections to the Algerian Assembly were held in Algeria in February 1954. Like other post-1948 elections in French Algeria, it was rigged by the authorities to ensure the defeat of Algerian nationalists.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071445-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Algerian Assembly election, Electoral system\nThe Assembly was elected by two colleges, each of which elected 60 seats. The First College consisted of Europeans and \u00e9volu\u00e9s, whilst the Second College was composed of the remainder of the Algerian population.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 49], "content_span": [50, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071446-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 All England Badminton Championships\nThe 1954 All England Championships was a badminton tournament held at the Empress Hall, Earls Court, London, England, from 17\u201321 March 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071446-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 All England Badminton Championships, Final results\nJudy Devlin and Sue Devlin represented the United States, they were the daughters of former champion Frank Devlin of Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 55], "content_span": [56, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071447-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 All-American Girls Professional Baseball League season\nThe 1954 All-American Girls Professional Baseball League season marked the twelfth and last season of the circuit. The AAGPBL was left with five teams after the Muskegon Belles franchise folded at the end of the past season. As a result, it was the lowest number of teams since its opening season in 1943. The Fort Wayne Daisies, Grand Rapids Chicks, Kalamazoo Lassies, Rockford Peaches and South Bend Blue Sox competed through a 96-game schedule, while the Shaugnessy playoffs featured the top four teams in a best-of-three first round series, with the two winning teams facing in a best-of-five series to decide the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 691]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071447-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 All-American Girls Professional Baseball League season, Regular season\nSeveral changes were made to the rules for this season, making the game much like Major League Baseball. The ball size was reduced from 10 inches to 9 inches, while the pitching distance increased from 56 to 60 feet. In addition, the base paths were lengthened from 75 to 85 feet, five feet short of the major leagues. But the most significant change was the shortening of the outfield fences, which dramatically increased the number of home runs hit in the past. The five teams combined to hit 408 home runs, which tripled the number of homers hit during a regular season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 75], "content_span": [76, 649]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071447-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 All-American Girls Professional Baseball League season, Regular season\nJoanne Weaver of Fort Wayne won her third consecutive batting title in a row, this time clearing the .400 batting average barrier with a .429 mark. Not since Ted Williams in the majors in 1941 (.406) and minor leaguer Artie Wilson in 1948 (.402) had someone broken the .400 barrier, and nobody has done it since. Weaver also set single season records for the most home runs (29), total bases (254), on-base percentage (.479) and slugging average (.763).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 75], "content_span": [76, 529]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071447-0002-0001", "contents": "1954 All-American Girls Professional Baseball League season, Regular season\nNo pitcher won 20 games for the second year in a row, while South Bend's Janet Rumsey topped the league in earned run average (2.18) and complete games (21), ending second in wins (15), shutouts (5) and innings pitched (169). Gloria Cordes of Kalamazoo turned the best pitching performance of the year, when she hurled three consecutive shutouts in 34 scoreless innings of work. Weaver was honored with the Player of the Year Award at the end of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 75], "content_span": [76, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071447-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 All-American Girls Professional Baseball League season, Regular season\nThe only team not to make it to the postseason was last-place Rockford Peaches, the most successful squad in league history after winning four titles in the previous 12 seasons, including three in a row at one point.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 75], "content_span": [76, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071447-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 All-American Girls Professional Baseball League season, Postseason, First round\nIn the first round of the postseason, first place Fort Wayne faced third place Grand Rapids and second place South Bend played fourth place Kalamazoo. Fort Wayne defeated Grand Rapids, 8\u20137, in Game 1. After that, Grand Rapids team members voted not to play against Fort Wayne the next two contests, because the league had allowed Rockford catcher Ruth Richard to play on the Fort Wayne team as a last-minute replacement for Rita Briggs, who was sidelined with a broken wrist.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 84], "content_span": [85, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071447-0004-0001", "contents": "1954 All-American Girls Professional Baseball League season, Postseason, First round\nDuring a debate over the eligibility of Richard, Fort Wayne manager Bill Allington and Grand Rapids manager Woody English came into a fistfight at home plate before Game 2. Grand Rapids forfeited both games to give the Daisies the first round. In the other series, Kalamazoo lost the first game to South Bend, 6\u20133, but pitchers Nancy Warren and Elaine Roth held the Blue Sox in the next two games by scores of 6\u20133 and 10\u20137, respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 84], "content_span": [85, 522]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071447-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 All-American Girls Professional Baseball League season, Postseason, Championship series\nIn Game 1 of the final series, the Kalamazoo Lassies defeated the Fort Wayne Daisies 17\u20139 behind a four-hit, seven strong innings from June Peppas, who also helped herself by hitting 2-for-4, including one home run. Her teammates Carol Habben, Fern Shollenberger and Chris Ballingall, who hit a grand slam, also slugged one each. Katherine Horstman connected two home runs for the Daisies in a lost cause, and her teammate Joanne Weaver slugged one. Maxine Kline, who had posted an 18\u20137 record with 3.23 earned run average during the regular season, gave up 11 runs in six innings and was credited with the loss.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 92], "content_span": [93, 705]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071447-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 All-American Girls Professional Baseball League season, Postseason, Championship series\nFort Wayne evened the series against Kalamazoo winning Game 2, 11\u20134, after hitting a series-record five home runs off two pitchers. Horstman started the feat with a two-run home run to open the score in the first inning. In the rest of the game, Betty Foss added two homers with five runs batted in, while Joanne Weaver and Jean Geissinger added solo shots. Nancy Mudge and Dorothy Schroeder homered for Kalamazoo, and Peppas, who played at first base, hit a solo homer in three at-bats. Marilyn Jones limited the Lassies to four runs on nine hits. Phyllis Baker was the winning pitcher and Gloria Cordes was the loser.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 92], "content_span": [93, 712]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071447-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 All-American Girls Professional Baseball League season, Postseason, Championship series\nIn Game 3, the Daisies beat the Lassies,  8\u20137, fueled again by a heavy hitting from Weaver, who hit a double, a triple and a three-run home run in five at bats, driving in four runs. Peppas went 1-for-4 to spark a seventh-inning three-run rally, but Fort Wayne came back in the bottom of the inning with two runs that marked the difference. Phyllis Baker won the game and Nancy Warren was the losing pitcher.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 92], "content_span": [93, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071447-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 All-American Girls Professional Baseball League season, Postseason, Championship series\nIn other close score, Kalamazoo evened the series in Game 4 with a 6\u20135 victory against Fort Wayne, behind a strong pitching effort by Cordes, who hurled a complete game. Ballingall led the offensive with three hits, one run and one RBI before being ejected in the 9th inning. Peppas also contributed with a single, a double and one RBI in four at-bats. Kline lost her second decision in the series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 92], "content_span": [93, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071447-0009-0000", "contents": "1954 All-American Girls Professional Baseball League season, Postseason, Championship series\nIn decisive Game 5, Peppas pitched a clutch complete game and went 3-for-5 with an RBI against her former Daisies team, winning by an 8\u20135 margin to give the Lassies the championship title. She received support from Mary Taylor (5-for-5), Balingall (3-for-4) and Schroeder, who drove in the winning run off pitcher Jones in the bottom of the eight. Peppas finished with an average of .400 (6-for-15) and collected two of the three Lassies victories, to become the winning pitcher of the last game in league history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 92], "content_span": [93, 607]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071448-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 All-Atlantic Coast Conference football team\nThe 1954 All-Atlantic Coast Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by the Associated Press (AP) for the All-Atlantic Coast Conference (\"ACC\") team for the 1954 NCAA University Division football season. Bob Bartholomew of Wake Forest was the only unanimous selection by all 43 voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071449-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 All-Big Seven Conference football team\nThe 1954 All-Big Seven Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Big Seven Conference teams for the 1954 college football season. The selectors for the 1954 season included the Associated Press (AP) and the United Press (UP). Players selected as first-team honorees by both the AP and UP are displayed in bold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071450-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 All-Big Ten Conference football team\nThe 1954 All-Big Ten Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Big Ten Conference teams for the 1954 Big Ten Conference football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071451-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship\nThe 1954 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship was the 23rd staging of the All-Ireland Minor Football Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county Gaelic football tournament for boys under the age of 18.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071451-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship\nMayo entered the championship as defending champions, however, they were defeated by Dublin in the All-Ireland semi-final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071451-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship\nOn 26 September 1954, Dublin won the championship following a 3-3 to 1-8 defeat of Kerry in the All-Ireland final. This was their third All-Ireland title overall and their first in nine championship seasons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071452-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship\nThe 1954 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship was the 24th staging of the All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1928.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071452-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship\nTipperary entered the championship as the defending champions in search of a third successive title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071452-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship\nOn 5 September 1954 Dublin won the championship following a 2-7 to 2-3 defeat of Tipperary in the All-Ireland final. This was their third All-Ireland title and their first in eight championship seasons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071453-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship\nThe 1954 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship was the high point of the 1954 season in Camogie. The championship was won by Dublin who defeated first time finalists Derry by an 18-point margin in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071453-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, Final\nUna O'Connor, Sophie Brack and Sheila Sleator shared ten goals. Rose McAllister, Patsy McCloskey, Anna Bryson and Patsy O'Brien scored Derry goals. The Irish Press noted:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071453-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, Final\nOne of the biggest crowds ever turned up at Croke Park on Sunday evening last to see the All Ireland camogie final in which Dublin won the title for the seventh successive year. The Derry girls put up a splendid fight and were rather better than the score suggests, but they were unable to match the stickwork and combination of the more experienced Dublin line-out. Derry did well at the start but could not turn their early advantage into scores and when Dublin settled into their stride they advanced steadily to victory. Dublin led by 6-1 to nil at half-time. There was only one free in the entire game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 659]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071454-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship Final\nThe 1954 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship Final was the 23rd All-Ireland Final and the deciding match of the 1954 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, an inter-county camogie tournament for the top teams in Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071454-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship Final\nDublin completely dominated the game: they led 6-2 to 0-1 at the break, the Derry side having only entered their opponent's half with the sliotar three times. Dublin eased off in the second half and won an eighth All-Ireland in a row.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071455-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship\nThe 1954 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship was the 68th staging of Ireland's premier Gaelic football knock-out competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071455-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship\nNote the Munster football championship did not have Quarter-Finals. Limerick did not take part (1953-1964) while Clare skipped a year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071455-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, Results, Munster Senior Football Championship\nNote there were no Quarter-Final's were played Limerick didn't complete (1953-1964) while Clare decided to skip the Munster championships for just 1 year. This means that Kerry, Cork, Tipperary and Waterford would go on straight to the Semi-Final's with the winners of both matches qualify for the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 92], "content_span": [93, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071456-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final\nThe 1954 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final was the 67th All-Ireland Final and the deciding match of the 1954 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, an inter-county Gaelic football tournament for the top teams in Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071456-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final\nMeath won by six points with a goal by Tom Moriarty.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071457-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1954 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship was the 68th staging of the All-Ireland hurling championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1887. The championship began on 11 April 1954 and ended on 5 September 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071457-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship\nCork were the defending champions and retained their title following a 1-9 to 1-6 victory over Wexford in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071457-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Teams\nA total of fourteen teams contested the championship, an increase of one on the previous championship. Antrim, who last participated at this level in 1949, re-entered the championship in spite of facing no competition in the Ulster Senior Hurling Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071457-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Player facts, Debutantes\nThe following players made their d\u00e9but in the 1954 championship:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 70], "content_span": [71, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071457-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Player facts, Retirees\nThe following players played their last game in the 1954 championship:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 68], "content_span": [69, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071458-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final\nThe 1954 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final was the 67th All-Ireland Final and the culmination of the 1954 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, an inter-county hurling tournament for the top teams in Ireland. The match was held at Croke Park, Dublin, on 5 September 1954, between Cork and Wexford. The Leinster champions lost to their Munster opponents on a score line of 1-9 to 1-6.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 449]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071458-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final\nThe game is notable for a number of reasons. The gates were closed 35 minutes before the start of the senior game due to the size of the crowd. A record 84,856 people were in attendance to see Christy Ring of Cork capture a record-breaking eighth All-Ireland winners' medal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071458-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final, All-Ireland final, Overview\nSunday 5 September was the date of the 1954 All-Ireland senior hurling final between Cork and Wexford. Cork were appearing in their third consecutive championship decider, having beaten Dublin and Galway to take the previous two titles. Wexford last appeared in the championship decider in 1951 when they lost out to Tipperary who captured their own three-in-a-row. They last won the All-Ireland title in 1910 when they defeated Limerick to take their first championship. Cork and Wexford last met each other in the championship more than half a century earlier in the All-Ireland final of 1901 with victory going to Cork. An interesting statistic at the time was the fact that Wexford had never beaten Cork in the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 79], "content_span": [80, 808]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071458-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final, All-Ireland final, Overview\nA record 84,856 spectators turned out in Croke Park to see one of the most anticipated All-Ireland hurling finals ever played. The charismatic Wexford men, one of the most talked about teams of the decade, had reached their second All-Ireland final in three years and looked well capable of winning this one. Cork, on the other hand, looked forward to creating their own piece of history. A win would give them a third All-Ireland title in-a-row while on a personal level a win would give captain Christy Ring a record-breaking eighth All-Ireland medal. The record crowd of spectators also looked forward to a scoring shoot-out between Christy Ring and Wexford's Nicky Rackard.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 79], "content_span": [80, 757]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071458-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final, All-Ireland final, Match report\nAt 3:15pm the sliothar was thrown-in and the game began in earnest. Cork got off to the better start when \u00c9amonn Goulding, a future Cork dual player, latched onto the sliothar and deftly sent it over the bar for the opening score of the day. Shortly afterwards one of the biggest cheers of the day went up Christy Ring captured his first score of the day when he converted a 40-yard free. Wexford were visibly unnerved by the big occasion and the even bigger attendance and found it difficult to settle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 83], "content_span": [84, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071458-0004-0001", "contents": "1954 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final, All-Ireland final, Match report\nTheir first score of the day came from the stick of Nicky Rackard who later scored the equalizer after 20 minutes of play. Less than a minute later Ring was back in the thick of the action. He caught the sliothar, sidestepped three Wexford defenders and sent the sliothar sweetly over the crossbar to restore Cork's lead. He quickly increased his own personal tally by converting a free before passing the sliothar to Willie John Daly who captured Cork's final point of the opening 30 minutes. Wexford were equally accurate with their constant attacks on the Cork goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 83], "content_span": [84, 653]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071458-0004-0002", "contents": "1954 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final, All-Ireland final, Match report\nA pointed free by Nicky Rackard was followed by the first goal of the day. Paddy Kehoe sent in the sliothar from a sideline cut before Tom Ryan tapped it into the net for the first goal of the game. At half-time the Wexford men had the narrowest of leads by 1-3 to 0-5.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 83], "content_span": [84, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071458-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final, All-Ireland final, Match report\nImmediately after the restart Wexford got off to the better start courtesy of a Tim Flood point after a jinking solo run. With six minutes gone in the second half the Cork players found their rhythm again. A long clearance by Gerard Murphy fell to Christy Ring who weaved his way through the Wexford defenders. He was 30 yards out from the goal when he sent off a powerful shot that looked like a certain goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 83], "content_span": [84, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071458-0005-0001", "contents": "1954 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final, All-Ireland final, Match report\nThe players and spectators were convinced that Ring had put Cork back in the lead, however, the umpire had his finger raised for a 70-yard free. There was no goal as the sliothar struck Wexford full-back Nick O'Donnell and went out over the end line. Such was the force of Ring's shot that the impact of the sliothar broke O\u2019Donnell's collarbone and he had to retire from the game. Bobby Rackard was switched to the full-back position; however, it turned out to be a tactical error as his clearances failed to go as far as O\u2019Donnell's.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 83], "content_span": [84, 619]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071458-0005-0002", "contents": "1954 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final, All-Ireland final, Match report\nRing sent over his fourth point of the game in the 40-second minute before Vincy Twomey moved outfield with the sliothar and sent another sweet shot between the posts. In spite of the onslaught Wexford clung on to their two-point lead, however, the turning point of the match was just around the corner. With four minutes left in the game 19-year-old Johnny Clifford became the hero of the day for Cork. Wexford goalkeeper Art Foley was caught out of position and off his goal line leaving Clifford with an easy shot into an almost empty net.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 83], "content_span": [84, 626]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071458-0005-0003", "contents": "1954 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final, All-Ireland final, Match report\nCork had regained the lead but only by the smallest of margins. It had given them some breathing space; however, Wexford launched one final attack. This failed and when Josie Hartnett sent over another point the title looked to be Cork's. Fittingly, the final score of the game came from the man who was about to make history. Christy Ring pointed to give Cork a 1-9 to 1-6 win and a third All-Ireland title in-a-row. Furthermore, the victory gave Ring a record-breaking eighth All-Ireland winners\u2019 medal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 83], "content_span": [84, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071459-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 All-Pacific Coast football team\nThe 1954 All-Pacific Coast Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Pacific Coast teams for the 1954 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071460-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 All-Pro Team\nThe Associated Press (AP), New York Daily News (NYDN), The Sporting News (TSN), and United Press (UP) were among selectors of All-Pro teams comprising players adjudged to be the best at each position in the National Football League (NFL) during the 1954 NFL season. The AP, NYDN, and UP selected a first and second team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071461-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 All-SEC football team\nThe 1954 All-SEC football team consists of American football players selected to the All-Southeastern Conference (SEC) chosen by various selectors for the 1954 college football season. Ole Miss won the conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071461-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 All-SEC football team, Key\nBold = Consensus first-team selection by both AP and UP", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 31], "content_span": [32, 87]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071462-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 All-Southwest Conference football team\nThe 1954 All-Southwest Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Southwest Conference teams for the 1954 college football season. The selectors for the 1954 season included the Associated Press (AP) and the United Press (UP). Players selected as first-team players by both the AP and UP are designated in bold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071462-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 All-Southwest Conference football team, Key\nBold = Consensus first-team selection of both the AP and UP", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 48], "content_span": [49, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071463-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Allan Cup\nThe 1954 Allan Cup was the Canadian national senior ice hockey championship for the 1953-54 Senior \"A\" season. The event was hosted by the Penticton V's and Penticton, Vernon, and Kelowna, British Columbia. The 1954 playoff marked the 46th time that the Allan Cup has been awarded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071464-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Argentine Grand Prix\nThe 1954 Argentine Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Aut\u00f3dromo 17 de Octubre in Buenos Aires, Argentina on 17 January 1954. It was race 1 of 9 in the 1954 World Championship of Drivers. Giuseppe Farina scored the pole position at an age of 47 years and 79 days, which still is a record today.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071464-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Argentine Grand Prix\nThis was Juan Manuel Fangio's first home victory, following Alberto Ascari's win in 1953. He would repeat this with three consecutive victories in the following three years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071465-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Argentine Primera Divisi\u00f3n\nThe 1954 Argentine Primera Divisi\u00f3n was the 63rd season of top-flight football in Argentina. The season began on April 4 and ended on November 14.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071465-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Argentine Primera Divisi\u00f3n\nTigre returned to Primera while Banfield was relegated. Boca Juniors won its 13th league title", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071466-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Argentine general election\nThe Argentine General election of 1954 was held on 25 April. Voters chose both their legislators and the Vice-President of Argentina; with a turnout of 85%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071466-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Argentine general election, Background\nThe death of his wife and closest advisor, Evita, stuck President Juan Per\u00f3n amid serious difficulties. A severe drought in 1952 and years of pessimism in Argentina's important agrarian sector depleted foreign reserves and forced Per\u00f3n to curtail public lending and spending programs. The recession (and a bumper crop) did, however, allow Central Bank reserves to recover and brought inflation (50% in 1951) to single digits.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071466-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Argentine general election, Background\nControversy surrounding Per\u00f3n's in-laws and political violence both by and against his Peronist movement had dogged the president in the first half of 1953, and he took the opportunity of upcoming legislative polls to test his popularity. The Argentine Constitution did not require it at the time, but the President announced a special election to replace the late Vice President, Hortensio Quijano. Dr. Quijano had died on April 3, 1952, two months and one day before his term was to have ended on June 4, 1952. Per\u00f3n nominated Senator Alberto Teisaire as the candidate for the then named Partido Peronista (Peronist Party).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 669]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071466-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Argentine general election, Background\nTeisaire was familiar to Per\u00f3n from the 1943 coup d'\u00e9tat; the former rear admiral had helped retain the normally restive Navy's support for the populist leader before and after Per\u00f3n's 1946 election and, after eight years in the Senate, he remained close to the military - a far from trivial consideration.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071466-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Argentine general election, Background\nIn the opposition since 15 years before Per\u00f3n took office, the centrist UCR had been burdened by censorship and sundry forms of harassment since 1930, and 1953 had been marked by the jailing of most of their leaders. Among the few prominent figures in the party available to run for the vice-presidency was Cris\u00f3logo Larralde. Larralde had opposed the UCR's 1945 alliance with conservatives and socialists against Per\u00f3n, and was a well-known figure in the UCR's dissident, pro-Per\u00f3n \"Renewal Group.\" This did not, however, ease the UCR's restriction to access to most mass media, and the party was defeated by similar numbers to their 1951 loss.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 689]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071467-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Arizona State Sun Devils football team\nThe 1954 Arizona State Sun Devils football team was an American football team that represented Arizona State College (later renamed Arizona State University) in the Border Conference during the 1954 college football season. In their third and final season under head coach Clyde B. Smith, the Sun Devils compiled an 5\u20135 record (3\u20131 against Border opponents) and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 178 to 228.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071468-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Arizona State\u2013Flagstaff Lumberjacks football team\nThe 1954 Arizona State\u2013Flagstaff Lumberjacks football team was an American football team that represented Arizona State College at Flagstaff (now known as Northern Arizona University) in the New Mexico Conference during the 1954 college football season. In their first year under head coach Earl Insley, the Lumberjacks compiled a 3\u20136 record (1\u20134 against conference opponents), finished last in the conference, and were outscored by a total of 167 to 130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 510]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071468-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Arizona State\u2013Flagstaff Lumberjacks football team\nThe team played its home games at Skidmore Field in Flagstaff, Arizona.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071469-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Arizona Wildcats baseball team\nThe 1954 Arizona Wildcats baseball team represented the University of Arizona in the 1954 NCAA baseball season. The Wildcats played their home games at UA Field. The team was coached by Frank Sancet in his 5th year at Arizona.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071469-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Arizona Wildcats baseball team\nThe Wildcats won the District VII Playoff to advanced to the College World Series, where they were defeated by the Oklahoma A&M Cowboys.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071470-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Arizona Wildcats football team\nThe 1954 Arizona Wildcats football team represented the University of Arizona in the Border Conference during the 1954 college football season. In their third season under head coach Warren B. Woodson, the Wildcats compiled a 7\u20133 record (3\u20132 against Border opponents) and outscored their opponents, 385 to 215. The team captains were Buddy Lewis and Glen Bowers. The team played its home games in Arizona Stadium in Tucson, Arizona.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071470-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Arizona Wildcats football team\nThe team's average of 38.5 points per game was the second highest in major college football during the 1954 season. Tailback Art Luppino was the NCAA rushing leader with 1,359 rushing yards. Luppino also broke the NCAA modern-era single-season scoring record with 166 points scored in 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071471-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Arizona gubernatorial election\nThe 1954 Arizona gubernatorial election took place on November 2, 1954. Incumbent Governor John Howard Pyle, the first Republican elected to the office in two decades, ran for reelection for a third term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071471-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Arizona gubernatorial election\nFormer U.S. Senator Ernest McFarland defeated Governor John Howard Pyle by a narrow margin. McFarland had lost his bid for reelection to the United States Senate to Barry Goldwater in 1952, with McFarland subsequently deciding to run for the office of governor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071471-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Arizona gubernatorial election, Democratic primary\nThe Democratic primary took place on September 7, 1954. Due to the Republican Party tidal wave led by Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1952, incumbent U.S. Senator Ernest McFarland lost his bid for reelection to the United States Senate to Barry Goldwater. He subsequently decided to run for the office of Governor of Arizona and challenge incumbent Republican Governor John Howard Pyle, the first Republican to hold the office for more than two decades. McFarland was challenged in the primary by State Senator William F. Kimball, but McFarland easily won.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 55], "content_span": [56, 604]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071472-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Arkansas Razorbacks football team\nThe 1954 Arkansas Razorbacks football team represented the University of Arkansas in the Southwest Conference (SWC) during the 1954 college football season. In their second and final year under head coach Bowden Wyatt, the Razorbacks compiled an 8\u20133 record (5\u20131 against SWC opponents), won the SWC championship, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 195 to 104.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 413]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071472-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Arkansas Razorbacks football team\nWith only 25 players on the team, this squad became known as the \"25 Little Pigs.\" This fact makes it all the more amazing that they won the Southwest Conference championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071472-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Arkansas Razorbacks football team, Game summaries, Mississippi\nThis contest had been designated as a Southeastern Conference game because Ole Miss had not scheduled required six conference games to be eligible for SEC title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 67], "content_span": [68, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071473-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Arkansas gubernatorial election\nThe 1954 Arkansas gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071473-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Arkansas gubernatorial election\nIncumbent Democratic Governor Francis Cherry was narrowly defeated in the Democratic primary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071473-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Arkansas gubernatorial election\nDemocratic nominee Orval Faubus defeated Republican nominee Pratt C. Remmel with 62.09% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071473-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Arkansas gubernatorial election, Primary elections\nPrimary elections were held on July 27, 1954, with the Democratic runoff held on August 10, 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 55], "content_span": [56, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071474-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Armagh by-election\nThe Armagh by-election was held on 20 November 1954, following the resignation of Ulster Unionist Party Member of Parliament James Harden.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071474-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Armagh by-election\nHarden had held the seat of Armagh since a by-election in 1948, and had not faced a contest since then. The seat had been held continually by Ulster Unionists since its recreation for the 1922 general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071474-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Armagh by-election, Candidates\nThe Ulster Unionists stood C. W. Armstrong, the son of former Mid Armagh MP Henry Bruce Armstrong. He had served in the British Army and been involved in the oil industry in Burma, serving from 1940 to 1942 in that country's House of Representatives.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071474-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Armagh by-election, Candidates\nThe two main opposition groups, the Northern Ireland Labour Party and the Nationalist Party, had both fared poorly at the 1953 Northern Ireland general election, and decided not to contest the by-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071474-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Armagh by-election, Result\nWith only one candidate for the seat, Armstrong was declared elected unopposed. This was the last unopposed election in any Westminster seat. Armstrong held the seat until the 1959 general election, when he stood down.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071475-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Army Cadets football team\nThe 1954 Army Cadets football team represented the United States Military Academy in the 1954 college football season. In their 14th year under head coach Earl Blaik, the Cadets compiled a 7\u20132 record and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 325 to 127. In the annual Army\u2013Navy Game, the Cadets lost to the Midshipmen by a 27 to 20 score. The Cadets also lost to South Carolina by a 34 to 20 score.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071475-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Army Cadets football team\nFour Army players were honored on the 1954 College Football All-America Team: halfback Tommy Bell (FWAA, INS-1, NEA-2); end Don Holleder (AFCA, INS-2, NEA-1, UP-1, CP-1); guard Ralph Chesnauskas (AP-1, UP-3); and quarterback Pete Vann (INS-2, UP-3, CP-2).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071476-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Arundel and Shoreham by-election\nThe 1954 Arundel and Shoreham by-election was held on 9 March 1954. It was held due to the resignation of the incumbent Conservative MP, William Cuthbert. It was retained by the Conservative candidate, Henry Kerby.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071477-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Asian Baseball Championship\nThe 1954 Asian Baseball Championship was the first continental tournament held by the Baseball Federation of Asia, from 18 to 26 December. The tournament was held in Manila, Philippines, and was won by the host nation. 17,000 people attended the final game at Rizal Stadium to see Philippines defeat Japan 8\u20131. As of 2019, it is the only time that the Philippines have won the tournament. South Korea (3rd) and Taiwan (4th) were the other participants.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071478-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Asian Games\nThe 1954 Asian Games (Filipino: Palarong Asyano 1954), officially known as the Second Asian Games \u2013 Manila 1954 was a multi-sport event held in Manila, Philippines, from May 1 to 9, 1954. A total of 970 athletes from 19 Asian National Olympic Committees (NOCs) competed in 76 events from eight sports. The number of participating NOCs and athletes were larger than the previous Asian Games held in New Delhi in 1951. This edition of the games has a different twist where it did not implement a medal tally system to determine the overall champion but a pointing system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 586]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071478-0000-0001", "contents": "1954 Asian Games\nThe pointing system is a complex system where each athlete were given points according to their achievement like position in athletics or in swimming. In the end the pointing system showed to be worthless as it simply ranked the nations the same way in the medal tally system. The pointing system was not implemented in future games ever since. Jorge B. Vargas was the head of the Philippine Amateur Athletic Federation (In 1976, was renamed as Philippine Olympic Committee) and the Manila Asian Games Organizing Committee. With the second-place finish of the Philippines, only around 9,000 spectators attended the closing ceremony at the Rizal Memorial Stadium. The events were broadcast on radio live at DZRH and DZAQ-TV ABS-3 on delayed telecast.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 766]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071478-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Asian Games, Opening ceremony\nThe Games were formally opened by President Ramon Magsaysay on May 1, 1954, at 16:02 local time. Around 20,000 spectators filled the Rizal Memorial Stadium in Malate, Manila, for the opening ceremony. As requested by the IOC, the torch relay and lighting of the cauldron were excluded from the Opening Ceremony to preserve the tradition of the Olympic Games. The torch ceremony were returned at the 1958 Asian Games. The host however gave a solution by giving a special citation to the last athlete to enter the parade. The Philippines, as host, was the last country to enter the stadium. The flag bearer for the Philippines squad was Andres Franco, who won a gold medal in the 1951 Asian Games in high jump event, the sole gold medal of any Filipino in the athletics events of the previous Asian Games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 34], "content_span": [35, 838]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071478-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Asian Games, Sports\nThe 1954 Asian Games featured eight sports divided into 10 events, aquatics included three events namely diving, swimming and water polo. This version of the Asian Games comprised more sports and events than the last one, as six sports and seven events were in the calendar of 1951 Asian Games. Three sports\u2014boxing, shooting and wrestling\u2014made their debut, while cycling was dropped out.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 24], "content_span": [25, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071478-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Asian Games, Participating nations\nNational Olympic Committees (NOCs) are named and arranged according to their official IOC country codes and designations at the time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 39], "content_span": [40, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071478-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Asian Games, Calendar\nIn the following calendar for the 1954 Asian Games, each blue box represents an event competition, such as a qualification round, on that day. The yellow boxes represent days during which medal-awarding finals for a sport were held. The numeral indicates the number of event finals for each sport held that day. On the left, the calendar lists each sport with events held during the Games, and at the right, how many gold medals were won in that sport. There is a key at the top of the calendar to aid the reader.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 26], "content_span": [27, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071478-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Asian Games, Medal table\nJapan led the medal table, athletes from Japan won most medals, including most gold, silver and bronze. Host nation, Philippines finished second with 45 total medals (including 14 gold).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 29], "content_span": [30, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071478-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 Asian Games, Medal table\nThe top ten ranked NOCs at these Games are listed below. The host nation, Philippines, is highlighted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 29], "content_span": [30, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071479-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Asian Games medal table\nThe 1954 Asian Games (officially known as Second Asian Games \u2013 Manila 1954) was a multi-sport event celebrated in Manila, Philippines from May 1 to May 9, 1954. This was the second edition of the Asian Games, in which a total 970 athletes representing 18 Asian National Olympic Committees participated in eight sports divided into 76 events.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071479-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Asian Games medal table, Medal table\nThe ranking in this table is consistent with International Olympic Committee convention in its published medal tables. By default, the table is ordered by the number of gold medals the athletes from a nation have won (in this context, a \"nation\" is an entity represented by a National Olympic Committee). The number of silver medals is taken into consideration next and then the number of bronze medals. If nations are still tied, equal ranking is given; they are listed alphabetically by IOC country code.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 41], "content_span": [42, 548]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071480-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Atlantic hurricane season\nThe 1954 Atlantic hurricane season was an above-average Atlantic hurricane season in terms of named storms, with 16 forming. Overall, the season resulted in $751.6\u00a0million in damage, the most of any season at the time. The season officially began on June\u00a015, and nine days later the first named storm developed. Hurricane Alice developed in the Gulf of Mexico and moved inland along the Rio Grande, producing significant precipitation and record flooding that killed 55\u00a0people. Activity was slow until late August; only Barbara, a minimal tropical storm, developed in July. In the span of two weeks, hurricanes Carol and Edna followed similar paths before both striking New England as major hurricanes. The latter became the costliest hurricane in Maine's history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 795]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071480-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Atlantic hurricane season\nIn late September, Tropical Storm Gilda killed 29\u00a0people after drenching northern Honduras. A tropical depression in early October was captured by a high-altitude photograph on a rocket, thus producing the first large-scale image of a tropical cyclone. The strongest and deadliest hurricane of the season was Hurricane Hazel, which killed thousands in Haiti before striking near the North Carolina/South Carolina border in October. It caused heavy damage in the United States before becoming extratropical and affecting Ontario. Intense rainfall affected Toronto with severe flooding, leaving significant damage. The season officially ended on November\u00a015, although another hurricane named Alice developed on December\u00a030 to the northeast of the Lesser Antilles; it lasted until January\u00a06 of the following year. In total, there were 16\u00a0tropical storms, 7\u00a0hurricanes, and 3\u00a0major hurricanes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 920]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071480-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary\nThe hurricane season officially began on June\u00a015, when the United States Weather Bureau in Miami, Florida, began 24\u2011hour operations. The agency, under the direction of Grady Norton had access to 43\u00a0other weather stations across the Atlantic basin. Norton died during the season from a stroke while tracking Hurricane Hazel. Additionally, a group of Hurricane Hunters planes were put on standby for the season, able to be flown out into storms and collect data. During the season, there were eight named storms, as well as an unnamed hurricane and a tropical depression. The season officially ended on November\u00a015, although an unnamed tropical storm formed a day later. In addition, Tropical Storm Alice developed on December\u00a031, the latest a tropical cyclone has developed in the calendar year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 841]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071480-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary\nCumulatively, tropical cyclones left 193\u00a0deaths and $756\u00a0million in damage, becoming the costliest hurricane season at the time. The season was one of six to have three major hurricanes strike the country, along with 2005 (which had four), 1893, 1909, 1933, and 2004. Two of the major hurricanes \u2013 Carol and Edna \u2013 struck New England; this occurred despite an average of only 5\u201310\u00a0New England hurricanes per century. Carol struck Connecticut as a hurricane and left widespread heavy damage. Only ten days later, Edna became the costliest hurricane in Maine's history. The third major hurricane, Hazel, was the strongest hurricane of the season, attaining winds of 150\u00a0mph (240\u00a0km/h). Unusually, no tropical cyclones affected Florida.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 780]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071480-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary\nThe season's activity was reflected with a cumulative accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) rating of 111, which is categorized as being \"above normal\". ACE is, broadly speaking, a measure of the power of the hurricane multiplied by the length of time it existed, so storms that last a long time, as well as particularly strong hurricanes, have high ACEs. ACE is only calculated for full advisories on tropical systems at or exceeding 34\u00a0knots (39\u00a0mph, 63\u00a0km/h) or tropical storm strength.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071480-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm One\nA broad trough developed over the eastern Gulf of Mexico on May\u00a026. A frontal disturbance formed over Florida along the trough, spawning an area of broad cyclonic turning. After emerging into the western Atlantic Ocean, a closed circulation developed within the system, and it is estimated that a tropical depression formed on May\u00a028 about 100\u00a0mi (160\u00a0km) east of Jacksonville, Florida. Ship observations in the region suggested that the depression intensified into a tropical storm by late on May\u00a028.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071480-0005-0001", "contents": "1954 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm One\nThe system was small, and was not discovered to have been a tropical cyclone until a reanalysis of data in 2015. The storm moved to the northeast ahead of an approaching trough, bypassing the Carolinas to the east; rainfall brushed the coast of North Carolina. On May\u00a029, ship observations suggested peak winds of 50\u00a0mph (85\u00a0km/h). On the next day, the storm became associated with a warm front, indicating that it became extratropical to the southeast of New England. Continuing to the northeast, the former storm crossed over the southeastern coast of Newfoundland before being absorbed by another nontropical low to the northwest on May\u00a031.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 703]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071480-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Two\nA trough formed over southern Florida on June\u00a017. Early the next day, a circulation formed, signaling that a tropical depression also developed over the Everglades. The system moved slowly north-northeastward, emerging into the western Atlantic Ocean at 06:00\u00a0UTC on June\u00a020. Shortly thereafter, the depression intensified into a tropical storm, although the structure was broad and asymmetric due to association with a nearby upper-level low, signaling that the system was possibly a subtropical cyclone. Ship reports in the region indicate that the storm continued to intensify.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 640]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071480-0006-0001", "contents": "1954 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Two\nOn June\u00a022, the structure became much more symmetrical while passing just off the Outer Banks, bringing winds of 33\u00a0mph (54\u00a0km/h) to Wilmington, North Carolina. That day, the Hurricane Hunters estimated winds of 80\u00a0mph (130\u00a0km/h), and is possible that the storm briefly attained hurricane status. The peak winds were estimated at 70\u00a0mph (110\u00a0km/h), due to a pressure reading of 994\u00a0mbar (29.4\u00a0inHg). The storm accelerated northeastward due to an approaching cold front. On June\u00a024, the storm became extratropical, and shortly thereafter made landfall along southwestern Nova Scotia. The system dissipated the next day over the northern Gulf of Saint Lawrence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 719]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071480-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Alice (June)\nOn June\u00a024, Tropical Storm Alice developed rapidly in the western Gulf of Mexico, giving the citizens of southern Texas and northeastern Mexico little time to prepare. By June\u00a025, Alice intensified to hurricane status, reaching peak winds of 110\u00a0mph (175\u00a0km/h) that day, before making landfall in northeastern Mexico, just south of the Mexico\u2013United States barrier. The storm progressed inland along the Rio Grande Valley, dissipating on June\u00a027.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 63], "content_span": [64, 510]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071480-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Alice (June)\nIn Mexico, Alice left minor damage, and killed one person due to a fallen power line. Across Texas, Alice dropped torrential rainfall, peaking at 24.07\u00a0in (611\u00a0mm) near Pandale, with most of the rainfall concentrated around the Pecos River. High precipitation accumulations occurred in areas that had seen little rains in three years. This led to significant flooding along the Pecos River that produced \"probably the greatest rate of runoff for a watershed of [that] size in the United States\", as reported by the International Boundary and Water Commission.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 63], "content_span": [64, 623]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071480-0008-0001", "contents": "1954 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Alice (June)\nOzona, Texas sustained the most impact, estimated at $2\u00a0million in damage. Downstream, the Rio Grande rose to the highest level since 1865, which flooded seven towns on either side of the border; Eagle Pass, Texas was flooded with 8\u00a0ft (2.4\u00a0m) of water. Overall there were at least 55\u00a0deaths.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 63], "content_span": [64, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071480-0009-0000", "contents": "1954 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Four\nA dissipating cold front stalled over the southeastern United States from Arkansas to North Carolina on July\u00a09. On the next day, a low pressure area developed along the coast of Georgia. Soon after, the front dissipated, and by 12:00\u00a0UTC on July\u00a010, the system developed into a tropical storm. Observations from a coastal lighthouse and a nearby ship indicated that the storm attained peak winds of 50\u00a0mph (85\u00a0km/h) while moving slowly east-northeastward, just offshore the Carolinas. The storm began weakening on July\u00a013, and dissipated the next day when it was absorbed by a larger extratropical storm that was developing to the north.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 60], "content_span": [61, 698]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071480-0010-0000", "contents": "1954 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Barbara\nOn July\u00a027, a tropical depression developed in the northern Gulf of Mexico, about 100\u00a0mi (160\u00a0km) south of Grand Isle, Louisiana. A map of the low pressure areas forming in July\u00a01954 indicated that the system originated near the Mississippi Delta and tracked southward. After forming, the depression tracked northwestward, intensifying into Tropical Storm Barbara early on July\u00a028. Maximum sustained winds reached 45\u00a0mph (75\u00a0km/h), although a tanker offshore named the Henry M. Dawes reported wind gusts of 60\u00a0mph (97\u00a0km/h).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 63], "content_span": [64, 588]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071480-0010-0001", "contents": "1954 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Barbara\nOfficials at the United States Weather Bureau posted a storm warning from Cameron to Burrwood, Louisiana, and also advised small craft to remain at port along the entire northern Gulf Coast. Without intensifying further, Barbara made landfall near Vermilion Bay, Louisiana on July\u00a029, dissipating the next day over Texas. The storm dropped heavy rainfall along its path, including over 2\u00a0in (51\u00a0mm) in New Orleans. The rains caused flooding as well as some damage to the rice crop. However, the Monthly Weather Review yearly summary described the precipitation as \"far more beneficial than damaging\". There was no wind damage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 63], "content_span": [64, 690]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071480-0011-0000", "contents": "1954 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Carol\nCarol developed from a tropical wave near the Bahamas on August\u00a025. It quickly intensified as it tracked generally to the north, becoming a hurricane on August\u00a027. Moving parallel to the coastline of the southeastern United States, Carol passed just east of Cape Hatteras with winds estimated at 110\u00a0mph (175\u00a0km/h). It intensified further as it accelerated, striking eastern Long Island as Category 3 hurricane. Carol made its final landfall on Old Saybrook, Connecticut late on August\u00a031. Within a few hours, the hurricane became extratropical over New Hampshire, which later dissipated over Quebec.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 657]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071480-0012-0000", "contents": "1954 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Carol\nIn North Carolina, hurricane-force winds left minor damage to houses, estimated around $228,000. Rains from Carol alleviated drought conditions in the Washington, D.C. area. On Long Island, the storm surge flooded the Montauk Highway with 4\u00a0ft (1.2\u00a0m) of water about a mile across. High winds left 275,000\u00a0homes without power, and damage totaled $3\u00a0million on the island.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071480-0013-0000", "contents": "1954 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Carol\nThe hurricane moved ashore in Connecticut shortly after high tide, producing a storm surge of 10\u201315\u00a0ft (3\u20134.5\u00a0m) from New London eastward. The surge in Narragansett Bay reached 14.4\u00a0ft (4.4\u00a0m), which surpassed that of the 1938 New England hurricane, which flooded downtown Providence with 12\u00a0feet (3.7 m) of water. In New London, rainfall peaked around 6\u00a0in (150\u00a0mm). The hurricane produced winds of over 115\u00a0mph (185\u00a0km/h) in Connecticut and Rhode Island, including a record-high gust of 135\u00a0mph (215\u00a0km/h) at Block Island.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071480-0013-0001", "contents": "1954 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Carol\nWidespread areas were left without power from eastern Connecticut to southern Massachusetts. Further north in Maine, Hurricane Carol downed hundreds of trees, as well as destroying widespread apple groves and corn fields. It became the costliest natural disaster in the state's history, only to be surpassed by Hurricane Edna ten days later. Across New England, the hurricane destroyed about 4,000\u00a0homes, 3,500\u00a0cars, and 3,000\u00a0boats. Damage totaled $460\u00a0million, and there were 60\u00a0deaths. In neighboring Canada, high rains caused flooding while strong winds downed trees and power lines.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 644]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071480-0014-0000", "contents": "1954 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Dolly\nA tropical wave spawned a tropical depression on August\u00a031 to the northwest of Puerto Rico. It moved rapidly north-northwestward, intensifying into Tropical Storm Dolly later that day and into a hurricane early on September\u00a01. Early in the storm's duration, the U.S. Weather Bureau noted the potential for Dolly to affect the same areas of New England that Hurricane Carol struck just days prior. However, the hurricane turned to the north away from land.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071480-0014-0001", "contents": "1954 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Dolly\nThe Hurricane Hunters estimated maximum sustained winds of 85\u00a0mph (140\u00a0km/h) on September\u00a02 after the storm passed about halfway between the Outer Banks and Bermuda. Dolly turned to the northeast on September\u00a02 and became extratropical later that day to the south of Nova Scotia. It was tracked until September\u00a04, until it was last located to the north of the Azores. There was no reported damage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071480-0015-0000", "contents": "1954 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Edna\nAs Dolly became extratropical, the tropical depression that later became Hurricane Edna developed east of the Lesser Antilles on September\u00a02. It moved northwestward, dropping heavy rainfall on Puerto Rico as it passed north of the island. On September\u00a07 Edna became a hurricane, and the next day reached peak winds of 120\u00a0mph (195\u00a0km/h). It turned to the north and northeast, bypassing the Outer Banks and skirting Cape Cod. On September\u00a011, Edna struck Massachusetts as a strong Category 2 hurricane. The hurricane later moved ashore near the border between Maine and New Brunswick around the time it became extratropical. The remnants persisted a few more days before dissipating south of Greenland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 757]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071480-0016-0000", "contents": "1954 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Edna\nEarly in its duration, Edna produced high seas and gale-force winds in the Bahamas, but there was no damage there. Hurricane-force winds occurred in the Outer Banks, although damage was minor. As it passed New England, Edna produced a 6\u00a0ft (1.8\u00a0m) storm surge during a high tide, which caused severe flooding in Martha's Vineyard, Nantucket, and Cape Cod. Wind gusts peaked at 120\u00a0mph (190\u00a0km/h) on Martha's Vineyard, and the strong winds across the region left widespread power outages.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 543]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071480-0016-0001", "contents": "1954 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Edna\nThe hurricane dropped additional heavy rainfall to areas affected by Carol, resulting in flooding in Massachusetts and Rhode Island. In Long Island and New England, the hurricane left over $42\u00a0million in damage and 20\u00a0deaths, only 11\u00a0days after Carol affected the same area. About a third of the damage occurred in Maine, becoming the costliest hurricane on record in the state. Hurricane-force winds extended into Canada, causing $6\u00a0million in damage (1954\u00a0CAD), mostly from crop damage. There was one death in Nova Scotia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071480-0017-0000", "contents": "1954 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Nine\nA surface trough persisted across the central Atlantic Ocean on September\u00a02. Over the next few days, the system moved slowly northeastward, independent of any frontal systems. On September\u00a06, nearby ships indicated that the a closed circulation had developed, marking the genesis of the system as a tropical depression. Accelerating to the northeast, the storm reached peak winds of 45\u00a0mph (75\u00a0km/h) on September\u00a07. By the next day, the system became extratropical, and soon after was absorbed by a larger extratropical storm to the north.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 60], "content_span": [61, 600]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071480-0018-0000", "contents": "1954 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Florence\nA tropical storm formed in the Bay of Campeche on September\u00a011. Given the name Florence, the storm moved generally west-southwestward with a small radius of maximum winds. Hurricane Hunters reported winds of 65\u00a0mph (105\u00a0km/h), although winds were initially (before reanalysis confirmed it was a tropical storm) estimated to have reached minimal hurricane force, or 75\u00a0mph (120\u00a0km/h). Before the storm moved ashore, officials in Veracruz evacuated residents from low-lying areas, and overall about 90,000\u00a0people left their homes. On September\u00a012, Florence moved ashore between Tuxpan, and Nautla, Veracruz and quickly dissipated. The hurricane flooded coastal cities with up to 3\u00a0ft (0.91\u00a0m) of water, cutting off communications throughout the state. Damage was heaviest around Poza Rica, primarily from the destruction of banana plantations. Monetary damage was estimated around $1.5\u00a0million, and there were five reported deaths.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 64], "content_span": [65, 994]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071480-0019-0000", "contents": "1954 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Eleven\nA low pressure area was present north of the Yucat\u00e1n Peninsula on September\u00a014. Nearby ship observations indicated that a tropical depression developed the next day in the central Gulf of Mexico, although the system's large structure meant it could have been a subtropical cyclone. The system moved slowly westward, bringing winds of 30\u00a0mph (45\u00a0km/h) to the coast of Louisiana. It is estimated that the storm reached peak winds of 45\u00a0mph (75\u00a0km/h) on September\u00a016, based on reports from ships and the Hurricane Hunters. On the next day, the system began weakening over water, dissipating on September\u00a018 without moving ashore.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 689]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071480-0020-0000", "contents": "1954 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Gilda\nOn September\u00a024, Tropical Storm Gilda developed in the central Caribbean Sea about halfway between Jamaica and Colombia. A small storm, it moved westward throughout its duration. On September\u00a026, Gilda attained peak winds of 70\u00a0mph (110\u00a0km/h) while nearing northeastern Honduras. The storm paralleled the coastline a short distance offshore, maintaining its intensity before hitting and later weakening over Belize on September\u00a027. It re-emerged in the Gulf of Mexico before making another landfall near Tampico as a tropical depression on September\u00a029, dissipating the next day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 61], "content_span": [62, 641]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071480-0021-0000", "contents": "1954 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Gilda\nWhile moving just offshore the coast of Honduras, Gilda dropped intense rainfall, which flooding about 680\u00a0mi2 (1760\u00a0km2) of land along the Chamelec\u00f3n and Ul\u00faa rivers. The waters caused the widespread destruction of banana plantations and houses, leaving about 3,000\u00a0people homeless. The United Fruit Company reacted to this destruction by firing 10,000 of its about 100,000 workers within Honduras. Honduras's then-President Juan Manuel G\u00e1lvez appealed for aid from the United States. In response, U.S. Air Force planes flew food, medicine, rafts, and water purification tablets to the most-affected regions. A total of 29\u00a0people were killed in Honduras. When Gilda made its landfall in Belize, it left little property damage and no deaths.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 61], "content_span": [62, 803]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071480-0022-0000", "contents": "1954 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Thirteen\nA tropical depression formed in the Central Atlantic on September\u00a025. It drifted east-northeastward, eventually becoming a tropical storm on September\u00a029. The storm curved to the west and west-southwest, becoming a hurricane on October\u00a02. It turned to the northeast on October\u00a03, and reached a peak of 100\u00a0mph (155\u00a0km/h) winds about halfway between Bermuda and the Azores. By that point it began accelerating, and late on October\u00a06 the hurricane became extratropical over the Northeastern Atlantic. Early the next day it was last observed to the south of Iceland. The hurricane was not named due to its presence in the eastern Atlantic and not being a threat to land.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 727]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071480-0023-0000", "contents": "1954 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Unnumbered Tropical Depression\nOn October\u00a02, a tropical depression moved westward from the coast of Cuba into the Gulf of Mexico. It moved westward without intensifying beyond winds of 35\u00a0mph (55\u00a0km/h), moving ashore about 40\u00a0mi (65\u00a0km) north of Brownsville, Texas. The depression weakened as it moved across southern Texas and dropped heavy rainfall. Brownsville recorded over 3\u00a0in (75\u00a0mm) in a 45-minute period, as well as about 6\u00a0in (150\u00a0mm) in six hours. The rainfall rates of about an inch per hour was the heaviest since June 1950. The depression also moved ashore with high waves and tides.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 71], "content_span": [72, 638]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071480-0024-0000", "contents": "1954 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Unnumbered Tropical Depression\nWhen the system reached the Big Bend region on October\u00a05 it reintensified slightly. Around that time, the United States Navy conducted a rocket test from White Sands, New Mexico; this was despite that such tests were rarely performed when the skies were cloudy. The rocket took an unintended photograph of the depression from an altitude of about 100\u00a0miles (160\u00a0km), which became the first such large-scale image of a tropical cyclone. The depression later moved into New Mexico and dropped additional rainfall, interacting with an approaching cold front. Flooding was reported around Roswell, as well as along the Pecos River system. Rainfall in the state peaked at 9.8\u00a0in (250\u00a0mm) in Canton, New Mexico. The system dissipated on October\u00a07.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 71], "content_span": [72, 813]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071480-0025-0000", "contents": "1954 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Hazel\nHurricane Hazel was the deadliest and second costliest hurricane of the season. The storm killed as many as 1,000\u00a0people in Haiti before striking the United States near the border between North and South Carolina, as a Category 4 hurricane. After causing 95\u00a0fatalities in the U.S., Hazel struck Canada as an extratropical storm, raising the death toll by 81 people, mostly in Toronto.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071480-0026-0000", "contents": "1954 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Hazel\nHazel formed on October\u00a05 just east of the Windward Islands and intensified into a Category 1 hurricane while crossing the southeastern Caribbean Sea. After making a hard turn northward, it rapidly intensified as it approached Haiti, reaching Category 3 intensity before landfall. In Haiti, Hazel destroyed 40% of the coffee trees and 50% of the cacao crop, affecting the economy for several years to come. It fluctuated in intensity before making landfall as a Category 4 hurricane in the Carolinas, which destroyed most waterfront dwellings near its point of impact. It affected several more states, including Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia, bringing gusts near 100\u00a0mph (160\u00a0km/h) and causing $308\u00a0million in damage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 828]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071480-0027-0000", "contents": "1954 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Hazel\nWhen Hazel arrived in Ontario, rivers and streams passing through the Greater Toronto Area overflowed their banks, causing severe flooding. As a result, many residential areas located in floodplains, such as the Raymore Drive area, were subsequently converted to parkland. In Canada alone, over C$135\u00a0million (2009: $1.1\u00a0billion) of damage was incurred. Hazel was particularly destructive in Toronto, as a result of a combination of a lack of experience in dealing with tropical storms and the storm's unexpected retention of power.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071480-0027-0001", "contents": "1954 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Hazel\nHazel had traveled 680\u00a0mi (1,090\u00a0km) over land, but while approaching Canada, it had merged with an existing powerful cold front. The storm stalled over the Greater Toronto Area, and although it was now extratropical, it remained as powerful as a category 1 hurricane. To help with the cleanup, 800 members of the military were summoned, and a Hurricane Relief Fund was established that distributed $5.1\u00a0million (2009: $41.7\u00a0million) in aid.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 498]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071480-0028-0000", "contents": "1954 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Fifteen\nOn November\u00a016, a tropical depression developed about halfway between the Lesser Antilles and the Azores. It moved to the west, intensifying into a tropical storm and reaching peak winds of 40\u00a0mph (65\u00a0km/h) (however, due to limited data, it is possible that the storm remained a tropical depression). The storm maintained that intensity on November\u00a021 when it began weakening, dissipating later that day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 63], "content_span": [64, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071480-0029-0000", "contents": "1954 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Alice (December)\nThe final storm of the season, Alice, developed on December\u00a030 from a trough of low pressure in the central Atlantic Ocean in an area of unusually favorable conditions. The storm moved southwestward and gradually strengthened to reach hurricane status. It persisted into the following calendar year, passing through the Leeward Islands on January\u00a02. Alice reached peak winds of 90\u00a0mph (150\u00a0km/h) before encountering cold air and turning to the southeast. It dissipated on January\u00a06 over the southeastern Caribbean Sea.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 67], "content_span": [68, 586]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071480-0030-0000", "contents": "1954 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Alice (December)\nAlice produced heavy rainfall and moderately strong winds across several islands along its path. Saba and Anguilla were affected the most, with total damage amounting to $623,500\u00a0(1955\u00a0USD). Operationally, lack of definitive data prevented the U.S. Weather Bureau from declaring the system a hurricane until January\u00a02. It received the name Alice in early 1955, though re-analysis of the data supported extending its track to the previous year, resulting in two tropical cyclones of the same name in one season. It was one of only two storms to span two calendar years, along with Tropical Storm Zeta (2005) in 2005\u201306.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 67], "content_span": [68, 686]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071480-0031-0000", "contents": "1954 Atlantic hurricane season, Storm names\nThe following names were used for named storms (tropical storms and hurricanes) that formed in the North Atlantic in 1954. The list was the same as 1953 with the exception of Gilda, which replaced Gail due to the name's confusion with the term gale. Names that were not assigned are marked in gray.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 43], "content_span": [44, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071480-0032-0000", "contents": "1954 Atlantic hurricane season, Storm names, Retirement\nThe name Carol was re-used in the 1965 season, but was retroactively retired when the modern naming system was introduced. Edna was reused in 1968 and retired. Hazel was not re-used and was retired.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071481-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Auburn Tigers football team\nThe 1954 Auburn Tigers football team represented Auburn University in the 1954 college football season. It was the Tigers' 63rd overall and 22nd season as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The team was led by head coach Ralph \"Shug\" Jordan, in his fourth year, and played their home games at Cliff Hare Stadium in Auburn and Legion Field in Birmingham, Alabama. They finished with a record of eight wins and three losses (8\u20133 overall, 3\u20133 in the SEC) and with a victory over Baylor in the Gator Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071482-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Australian Championships\nThe 1954 Australian Championships was a tennis tournament that took place on outdoor grass courts at the White City Tennis Club, Sydney, Australia from 22 January to 1 February. It was the 42nd edition of the Australian Championships (now known as the Australian Open), the 12th held in Sydney, and the first Grand Slam tournament of the year. The singles titles were won by Australians Mervyn Rose and Thelma Coyne Long.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071482-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Australian Championships, Finals, Men's Doubles\nRex Hartwig /  Mervyn Rose defeated  Neale Fraser /  Clive Wilderspin 6\u20133, 6\u20134, 6\u20132", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 52], "content_span": [53, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071482-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Australian Championships, Finals, Women's Doubles\nMary Bevis Hawton /  Beryl Penrose defeated  Hazel Redick-Smith /  Julia Wipplinger 6\u20133, 8\u20136", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 54], "content_span": [55, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071482-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Australian Championships, Finals, Mixed Doubles\nThelma Coyne Long /  Rex Hartwig defeated  Beryl Penrose /  John Bromwich 4\u20136, 6\u20131, 6\u20132", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 52], "content_span": [53, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071483-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Australian Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nMervyn Rose defeated Rex Hartwig 6\u20132, 0\u20136, 6\u20134, 6\u20132 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1954 Australian Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071483-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Australian Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nKen Rosewall was the defending champion and the first-seed but lost in a five-set semifinal to fifth-seeded and eventual champion Mervyn Rose.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071483-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Australian Championships \u2013 Men's Singles, Seeds\nThe seeded players are listed below. Mervyn Rose is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 52], "content_span": [53, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071484-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Australian Championships \u2013 Women's Singles\nFirst-seeded Thelma Long defeated Jenny Staley 6-3, 6-4 in the final to win the Women's Singles tennis title at the 1954 Australian Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071484-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Australian Championships \u2013 Women's Singles, Seeds\nThe seeded players are listed below. Thelma Long is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 54], "content_span": [55, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071485-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Australian Grand Prix\nThe 1954 Australian Grand Prix was a motor race held at the Southport Road Circuit near Southport in Queensland, Australia on 7 November 1954. The race was held over 27 laps of the 5.7 mile (9.17 kilometre) circuit, a total distance of 153.9 miles (247.6 km). It was the nineteenth Australian Grand Prix and the second to be held in Queensland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071485-0000-0001", "contents": "1954 Australian Grand Prix\nWith no suitable permanent circuit available, a course was mapped out on roads in sparsely settled coastal land 2.5 km south west of Southport, and just to the north of later circuits, Surfers Paradise Raceway and the Surfers Paradise Street Circuit. The Grand Prix race meeting was organised by the Queensland Motor Sporting Club and the Toowoomba Auto Club in conjunction with the Southport Rotary Club. The race, which was open to Racing and Stripped Sports Cars, had 28 starters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 510]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071485-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Australian Grand Prix\nThe race was won by Lex Davison, later to become the most successful driver in the history of the Australian Grand Prix. It was Davison's first win in the Grand Prix having finished in the top three as far back as 1947. Davison drove a Formula 2 HWM re-engined with a 3.4 litre Jaguar engine. Davison finished a lap clear of Curley Brydon's MG TC special and two laps ahead of third placed Ken Richardson in a Ford based special. The gaps were caused by attrition amongst the fastest drivers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071485-0001-0001", "contents": "1954 Australian Grand Prix\nJack Brabham was out on the second lap with a broken engine in his Cooper; Rex Taylor was black flagged for receiving outside assistance after spinning his Lago-Talbot; Dick Cobden retired his Ferrari after a spin and Stan Jones crashed heavily while leading after his chassis failed. It would be the last race for the Mk.II Maybach special, Charlie Dean's team rebuilding it as the Maybach III.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071486-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Australian Labor Party leadership spill\nA leadership spill of the Australian Labor Party (ALP), then the opposition party in the Parliament of Australia, was rejected on 21 October 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071486-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Australian Labor Party leadership spill, Background\nOn 5 October 1954 Evatt gave an aggressive speech against 'disloyal elements' within the Labor Party, which aimed \"to deflect the Labor Movement from the pursuit of established Labor objectives and ideals.\" The speech caused ructions within the ALP leading many to question Evatt's position.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 56], "content_span": [57, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071486-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Australian Labor Party leadership spill, Background\nLabor's caucus rejected by 52 to 28 votes a motion for a spill moved by Senators George Cole and James Fraser. Deputy leader Arthur Calwell and Allan Fraser would have stood for election as Leader and deputy leader respectively in the event of a spill occurring. After the ballot, Evatt insisted on counting the names for and against, which only furthered his opponents animosity.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 56], "content_span": [57, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071487-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Australian federal election\nThe 1954 Australian federal election were held in Australia on 29 May 1954. All 121 seats in the House of Representatives were up for election, but no Senate election took place. The incumbent Liberal\u2013Country coalition led by Prime Minister Robert Menzies defeated the opposition Labor Party led by H. V. Evatt, despite losing the two-party preferred vote. As well as being the only election in which a party received a clear majority of votes and was unable to form government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071487-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Australian federal election\nThis was the first federal election that future Prime Minister Gough Whitlam contested as a member of parliament, having entered parliament at the 1952 Werriwa by-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071487-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Australian federal election, Issues\nThe election was complicated by the Petrov Affair, in which Vladimir Petrov, an attache to the Soviet embassy in Canberra, defected amidst a storm of publicity, claiming that there were Soviet spy rings within Australia. Given that the 1951 election had been fought over the issue of banning the Communist Party of Australia altogether, it is unsurprising that such a claim would gain credibility.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 40], "content_span": [41, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071487-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Australian federal election, Aftermath\nThe 20th session of the Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia was officially opened by Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia. This was the first time a reigning monarch had opened a session of parliament in Australia. The Queen wore her Coronation Dress to open the 20th session of parliament. The success of the 1954 Royal Tour of Australia (the first by a reigning sovereign), the recovery of the economy from a brief recession in 1951-52 and the Petrov Affair were all credited with assisting in the return of the government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 591]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071488-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 BC Lions season\nThe 1954 BC Lions season was the inaugural season for the Lions. By Bailey scored the first touchdown in BC Lions history in an 8\u20136 loss to Winnipeg on August 28, 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071488-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 BC Lions season\nThe first win in franchise history (and the only win of the season) came on September 18, 1954, when the Lions defeated the Calgary Stampeders 9\u20134 at Empire Stadium in Vancouver.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071488-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 BC Lions season\nThe Lions finished the season with a 1\u201315 record and failed to make the playoffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071489-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 BOAC Lockheed Constellation crash\nA British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) Lockheed L-749A Constellation crashed and caught fire as it attempted to land at Kallang Airport on 13 March 1954, killing 33 of the 40 passengers and crew. The accident occurred when the aircraft struck a seawall on approach to the runway. The inquiry attributed this to crew tiredness, noting that the captain had been on duty for over 21 hours. It also criticised the response of the airport fire unit. This is the highest death toll of any aviation accident in Singapore.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071489-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 BOAC Lockheed Constellation crash, Flight\nThe aircraft was operating a joint Qantas\u2013BOAC scheduled passenger flight from Sydney, Australia, to London, England. Following a stopover at Jakarta, Indonesia, it crashed while landing at Kallang Airport. Captain Trevor Hoyle was the pilot. The aircraft was a Lockheed L-749A Constellation, a low-wing monoplane airliner with four Wright R-3350 Duplex-Cyclone radial engines. It had first flown in the United States in 1947. Originally part of an order by Eastern Air Lines it was re-allocated to the Irish airline Aerl\u00ednte \u00c9ireann and delivered on 16 September 1947. It was sold in 1948 by Aerl\u00ednte \u00c9ireann, along with five other Constellations, to British Overseas Airways Corporation. It had been registered as G-ALAM and named Belfast.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 46], "content_span": [47, 788]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071489-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 BOAC Lockheed Constellation crash, Accident\nThe accident occurred when the aircraft struck a seawall on approach to Runway 06 at Kallang, damaging the undercarriage and causing a leak from the number three wing fuel tank. As the aircraft touched down a second time, on the runway, the undercarriage collapsed and the aircraft slid until the starboard wing broke off. The remainder of the aircraft rolled to the right, coming to rest upside down with the fuselage in two pieces, and one of the engines carried on for another 100\u00a0yd (91\u00a0m). The aircraft was already on fire when it came to rest. The weather was clear at 2:35\u00a0p.m. when the accident occurred.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 48], "content_span": [49, 661]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071489-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 BOAC Lockheed Constellation crash, Accident\nFive crew members escaped from the cockpit through a 14-by-10-inch clear vision panel, and two more through a gash in the fuselage in the crew compartment, the sole survivors of the accident. Holes were cut in the fuselage through which a stewardess and two passengers were removed, but the latter died before reaching a hospital, and the stewardess died later of her injuries. No attempt was made to use the emergency exits, and the main cabin door was jammed; at the inquiry a fire expert attached to the RAF stated that the door of the Constellation was the most difficult he had had to open in his 24-year firefighting career.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 48], "content_span": [49, 679]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071489-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 BOAC Lockheed Constellation crash, Accident\nAll 31 passengers died, along with 2 crew members (the other crew fatality being a steward). It is the highest death toll of any aviation accident ever to take place in Singapore. Among the victims was Ami Chandra, a noted Fijian educator and president of the Fiji Industrial Workers Congress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 48], "content_span": [49, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071489-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 BOAC Lockheed Constellation crash, Public inquiry\nThe Singapore government held a public inquiry into the accident under Justice Knight from 31 May to 16 August. The accident was attributed to poor execution of the approach due to crew tiredness, which exacerbated the pilot's decision to touch down near the end of the runway. The inquiry determined that, at the time of arrival in Singapore, Captain Hoyle had been on duty for 21\u00bd hours since the flight departed Sydney.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 54], "content_span": [55, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071489-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 BOAC Lockheed Constellation crash, Public inquiry\nChristopher Shawcross, senior counsel for BOAC, stated that \"the crash would not have happened had it not been for the condition which existed at that end of the runway on the day of the crash\", referring to the wall struck by the plane.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 54], "content_span": [55, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071489-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 BOAC Lockheed Constellation crash, Public inquiry\nThe inquiry criticised the airport fire unit's lack of equipment and the efforts it made to rescue the passengers in the six- to eight-minute period after the aircraft came to rest, when many were probably still alive. It did not censure the aircraft crew but did not commend their actions either, noting they were suffering from shock and the darkness and fumes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 54], "content_span": [55, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071489-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 BOAC Lockheed Constellation crash, Public inquiry\nAfter studying the public report on the crash, the Singapore coroner recorded verdicts of 'death by misadventure'. The coroner also said that Captain Hoyle had made an error of judgement but that no one was criminally responsible for the crash.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 54], "content_span": [55, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071489-0009-0000", "contents": "1954 BOAC Lockheed Constellation crash, Aftermath\nTwenty-four of the victims, including fourteen who were not identified, were buried together in a communal grave at Bidadari Cemetery. Two crash victims were mistaken for one another and received funeral rites of the other's religion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 49], "content_span": [50, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071489-0010-0000", "contents": "1954 BOAC Lockheed Constellation crash, Aftermath\nBOAC based four captains in Sydney so the Sydney\u2013Darwin and Darwin\u2013Jakarta routes could be flown by separate captains.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 49], "content_span": [50, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071490-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 BYU Cougars football team\nThe 1954 BYU Cougars football team was an American football team that represented Brigham Young University in the Skyline Conference during the 1954 college football season. In their sixth season under head coach Chick Atkinson, the Cougars compiled a 1\u20138 record (1\u20136 against Skyline opponents), finished eighth in the Skyline, and were outscored by a total of 188 to 96.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071490-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 BYU Cougars football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Ron Bean with 441 yards of total offense (4 rushing, 437 passing), Dick Felt with 379 rushing yards, and Phil Oyler with 18 points scored.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071491-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Ball State Cardinals football team\nThe 1954 Ball State Cardinals football team was an American football team that represented Ball State Teachers College (later renamed Ball State University) in the Indiana Collegiate Conference (ICC) during the 1954 college football season. In its second season under head coach George Serdula, the team compiled a 6\u20132 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071492-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Baltimore Colts season\nThe 1954 Baltimore Colts season was the second season for the team in the National Football League. The Baltimore Colts finished the National Football League's 1954 season with a record of 3 wins and 9 losses and finished sixth in the Western Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071492-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Baltimore Colts season, Regular season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 54], "content_span": [55, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071493-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Baltimore Orioles season\nThe 1954 Baltimore Orioles season saw the return of Major League Baseball to Baltimore after a 51-year absence, and the debut of the current edition of the MLB Oriole franchise. In reality, its first year in Baltimore was the 54th season in the history of the American League team originally founded as the Milwaukee Brewers in 1901, then transferred to Missouri as the St. Louis Browns, who played from 1902 to 1953. Baltimore thus returned to the Junior Circuit over a half century after the Orioles of 1901\u201302 departed for New York City, where they eventually became the Yankees.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 612]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071493-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Baltimore Orioles season\nInheriting the playing personnel of the 1953 Browns, the 1954 Orioles finished seventh in the eight-team American League with a record of 54 wins and 100 losses, 57 games behind the AL champion Cleveland Indians. The team was managed by Jimmy Dykes, and played its home games at Baltimore's Memorial Stadium, where it attracted 1,060,910 fans, fifth in the Junior Circuit but a massive 257 percent improvement over the 1953 Browns' totals. The new Orioles' games were broadcast over television and radio by the trio of Ernie Harwell, Howard Williams and Bailey Goss on WMAR-TV/WAAM (television) and WCBM (radio).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 642]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071493-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 74], "content_span": [75, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071493-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 67], "content_span": [68, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071493-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071493-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071493-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 70], "content_span": [71, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071494-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting\nElections to the Baseball Hall of Fame for 1954 followed a system practically the same as in 1952 because the new Veterans Committee was meeting only in odd-number years (until 1962). The Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) voted by mail to select from recent players and elected three: Bill Dickey, Rabbit Maranville, and Bill Terry. A formal induction ceremony was held in Cooperstown, New York, on August 9, 1954, with Commissioner of Baseball Ford Frick presiding.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071494-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, BBWAA election\nAny candidate receiving votes on at least 75% of the ballots would be honored with induction to the Hall. Votes were cast for 53 players; a total of 252 ballots were cast, with 189 votes required for election. A total of 2,091 individual votes were cast, an average of 8.30 per ballot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071494-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, BBWAA election\nThe three candidates who received 75% of the vote and were elected are indicated in bold italics; candidates who have since been elected in subsequent elections are indicated in italics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071494-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, BBWAA election\nPlayers were eligible if they had finished their career between 1928 and 1952. Starting with this election, players had to have been retired from baseball (including no longer working as a manager) for a minimum of five seasons to be eligible, unless they had received at least 100 votes in the prior year's election\u2014those who qualified under this clause were Joe DiMaggio and Ted Lyons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071495-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Bathurst 100\nThe 1954 Bathurst 100 was a motor race held at the Mount Panorama Circuit, Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia on 19 April 1954. It was staged over 26 laps  of the 3.7 mile circuit, a total distance of approximately 100 miles. The race, which was open to 'racing cars of all powers', was contested on a handicap basis with the first car, the HRG of Eddie Senior, starting 17 minutes and 46 seconds before the last cars, the Maybach of Stan Jones and the Ferrari of Dick Cobden.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 496]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071495-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Bathurst 100\nThe race was won by Bill Clark driving a HRG, with the Scratch section (disregarding handicaps) won by Stan Jones driving a Maybach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071496-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Bavarian state election\nThe 1954 Bavarian state election was held on 28 November 1954 to elect the members of the Third Bavarian Landtag. It is notable for being both the only time that a member of the SPD was elected as Minister-President, and the only time that the CSU was in the opposition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071496-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Bavarian state election, Background\nIn the previous 1950 election, the CSU had suffered a major blow, losing 40 of their seats within the Landtag. After strenuous negotiations that lasted 17 days, a broad coalition was formed between the CSU, SPD, and GB/BHE, with Hans Ehard retaining in his position as Minister-President. With a vote of 131-5, with 36 abstentions he was elected as Minister-President within the Landtag.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 40], "content_span": [41, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071496-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Bavarian state election, Background, Auerbach Affair\nThe second Ehard term did not go without scandals, however. In 1946, Holocaust survivor Philipp Auerbach had been appointed as state commissioner of reparations. His tasks were many, but there was a particular focus on managing the repatriation of and administering reparations checks to those in displacement camps. Auerbach was described as having \"acquired the funds for reparations payments in marginally legal, brilliant, and unorthodox ways,\" however this wasn't enough. The Bavarian government did not pay the full amount for reparation claims above $600.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 57], "content_span": [58, 620]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071496-0002-0001", "contents": "1954 Bavarian state election, Background, Auerbach Affair\nInstead, claimants received a first installment in cash, and a second in the form of compensations checks that couldn't be renewed until 1 January 1954. Displaced persons, who were often desperate for money, would sell these notes to for 30 to 50 percent of their face values to banks. The banks by 1950 had bought up about $2 million dollars worth of these notes. Minister-President Ehard gave approval for such transactions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 57], "content_span": [58, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071496-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Bavarian state election, Background, Auerbach Affair\nAuerbach eventually lodged a complaint to the state Justice Ministry in December 1950 that residency permits were being counterfeited for money, which blocked the way of actual claimants from receiving funds. Justice Minister Josef M\u00fcller however, turned this on its head and blamed Auerbach for such behaviors. On 27 January 1951, the Bavarian police occupied the state reparations office in Munich in search of evidence of fraud and mishandling on the part of Auerbach. While his methods (which included state-backed loans secured by Nazi property) were unorthodox, they weren't illegal, and there was no evidence of him personally enriching himself.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 57], "content_span": [58, 710]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071496-0003-0001", "contents": "1954 Bavarian state election, Background, Auerbach Affair\nHowever after a 17-month investigation, a four-month trial was launched (with several figures on the government's side being ex-Nazis, including the judge, Josef Mulzer, who had been on the Supreme Military Court for the Third Reich), which found him guilty and sentenced for two and a half years in prison. In the proceedings it was also discovered he falsely claimed the title of doctor, and had been a member of the Sicherheitsdienst. Auerbach took his own life in prison on 14 August 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 57], "content_span": [58, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071496-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Bavarian state election, Results\nWhile the Auerbach Affair hung over much of Ehard's tenure, none of the intrigue of the first term occurred, and the coalition stayed intact. The only immediate result was the forced resignation of the Justice Minister in 1952. The CSU managed to recoup some of their 1950 losses, gaining 19 seats in the 1954 elections, at the primary expense of the BP and GB/BHE which had divided the right-wing vote in 1950. However, an unlikely coalition formed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071496-0004-0001", "contents": "1954 Bavarian state election, Results\nUnder the leadership of the state SPD chair, Waldemar von Knoeringen, the SPD brokered a Viererkoalition (coalition-of-four) between themselves, the FDP, the BP, and GB/BHE  which stemmed from a collective skepticism of the CSU. On 14 December 1954 Wilhelm Hoegner was voted in as Minister-President. In light of this, disputes broke out within the CSU, which led to the resignation of Hans Ehard as party chair in January 1955, but he still retained his position as President of the Landtag.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071496-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Bavarian state election, Aftermath\nThe Hoegner government fell into a major scandal of its own, but it did not manage to come out intact like Ehard's had. In 1951, businessman Karl Freisehner had approached the government about casino operating concessions in his name. While this was rejected, several Landtag members had received a bribe of 50,000 marks in order to vote yes. With enough pressure, the Bavarian government did give the licences in April 1955. Soon afterwards, the CSU had launched a parliamentary investigation into the opening of the casinos.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 39], "content_span": [40, 566]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071496-0005-0001", "contents": "1954 Bavarian state election, Aftermath\nOne of the recipients of the 50,000 mark check was a CSU deputy,  Franz Michel, who came forwards to his other party members. Later on he'd claim he burned the check. The crusade against the bribery was now led by Friedrich Zimmermann, who reportedly had incriminating evidence on the Deputy Minister-President and co-founder of the BP, Joseph Baumgartner. In 1957, Baumgartner and Minister of the Interior August Geislh\u00f6ringer (also a member of the BP) resigned in face of these allegations, and the coalition collapsed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 39], "content_span": [40, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071496-0005-0002", "contents": "1954 Bavarian state election, Aftermath\nThis wasn't enough for Zimmerman and he eventually got what he wanted: in January 1959 Freisehner came forward with documents detailing payments made to the two ministers. Both were sentenced to jail, with Baumgartner receiving two years in prison, and Geislh\u00f6ringer one and a half. It would later be revealed that the documents Freisehner had presented were most likely forged, however by that point it didn't matter, the BP had managed to destroy its own reputation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 39], "content_span": [40, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071496-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 Bavarian state election, Aftermath\nThe Viererkoalition officially collapsed on 8 October 1957. due to a combination of the Casino Affair, and the CDU/CSU victory in the 1957 federal election. The right-wing parties abandoned the SPD in reaction to the election, and Hoegner submitted his resignation on 9 October 1957. CSU politician Hanns Seidel was chosen as Minister-President, and formed a coalition with the FDP and GB/BHE, which would last through the 1958 state elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 39], "content_span": [40, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071496-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 Bavarian state election, Parties\nThe table below lists parties represented in the Second Landtag of Bavaria.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071497-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Baylor Bears football team\nThe 1954 Baylor Bears football team represented Baylor University in the 1954 college football season. The team finished with a record of 7\u20134 and lost the Gator Bowl to Auburn University, 13\u201333. Players L. G. Dupre (halfback) and James Ray Smith (tackle) played in the North\u2013South All-Star Game; Smith, Billy Hooper (quarterback), Del Shofner (halfback) and Henry Gremminger (end) were selected as All-Conference players.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071498-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Belgian Grand Prix\nThe 1954 Belgian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Spa-Francorchamps on 20 June 1954. It was race 3 of 9 in the 1954 World Championship of Drivers. The 36-lap race was won by Maserati driver Juan Manuel Fangio after he started from pole position. Maurice Trintignant finished second for the Ferrari team with Fangio's teammate Stirling Moss in third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071498-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Belgian Grand Prix, Background\nThe opening race of the 1954 Formula One season was held in Argentina in January and won by Juan Manuel Fangio driving a Maserati. The second race that counted towards the year's World Championship of Drivers, the 1954 Indianapolis 500, was, as in the years before, not attended by the European drivers (and won for the second time by Bill Vukovich). After the cancellation of the Dutch Grand Prix at Zandvoort, the Belgian Grand Prix was the season's first championship race on European soil, held five months after the season opener.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 571]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071498-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Belgian Grand Prix, Background\nWhile most of the other drivers had competed in the various non-championship races, it was the first appearance of the season in Europe for Fangio, the championship leader. Fangio had signed with the Mercedes team for the season, but since their new car was not finished in time for the Francorchamps race, he competed in the Maserati 250F as he did at his home Grand Prix. Alongside him in the Maserati team were compatriot Onofre Marim\u00f3n and Italian Sergio Mantovani, while Stirling Moss, Prince Bira and Roberto Mieres entered Maseratis for private teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 594]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071498-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Belgian Grand Prix, Background\nAfter recovering from an accident at the Mille Miglia, 1950 World Champion Giuseppe Farina returned to the field in his Ferrari 553. The team was completed by Jos\u00e9 Froil\u00e1n Gonz\u00e1lez, and in last year's cars Maurice Trintignant and Mike Hawthorn. Jacques Swaters entered another Ferrari for his home Grand Prix.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071498-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Belgian Grand Prix, Background\nThe field was completed by the Gordini team with their drivers Jean Behra, Paul Fr\u00e8re and Andr\u00e9 Pilette. Although the newly formed Lancia team did make an entry for the Belgian Grand Prix, they withdrew, resulting in reigning World Champion Alberto Ascari missing another race of the season. Therefore, the field at Spa-Francorchamps only consisted of 14 drivers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071498-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Belgian Grand Prix, Qualifying\nOn the first day of practise only the Ferraris were making an appearance. The battle for Pole Position became interesting, when Juan Manuel Fangio showed up on the second day. In his Maserati he managed to pulverize his own track record (set in 1951 in the Alfa Romeo 159) and qualified fastest with a time of 4:22.1. Behind him on second place was Gonz\u00e1lez who was very pleased with the improved handling of his Ferrari. Over two seconds behind him was Farina who wasn't satisfied at all with the car's set-up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071498-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 Belgian Grand Prix, Race\nOn 20 June 1954 the 14 cars lined up for the Belgian Grand Prix. Behind them a 15th car, the Maserati of Emmanuel de Graffenried was ready for the start to film authentic race footage for the upcoming movie The Racers starring Kirk Douglas. The start saw Gonz\u00e1lez take the lead in front of Farina while Fangio dropped back. During the first round the Maserati of Mieres caught on fire, but the driver was able to jump out of the moving car, getting away with only minor burns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 29], "content_span": [30, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071498-0006-0001", "contents": "1954 Belgian Grand Prix, Race\nMeanwhile, Gonz\u00e1lez' lead was only short lived; he had to retire after lap 1 with engine failure (as well as Swaters and two laps later Marim\u00f3n). Farina led Hawthorn and Fangio, who managed to pull in front on lap 3. At lap 10 Fangio lost the lead due to a broken visor strap that forced him into the pit. However, he quickly recovered and retook the lead. Farina had to retire with engine failure on lap 14, which left Fangio quite unchallenged with Hawthorn over a minute behind in second.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 29], "content_span": [30, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071498-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 Belgian Grand Prix, Race\nHawthorn, who had not quite recovered from an accident at Syracuse, was slowing down during the following laps and therefore the Ferrari Team flagged him into the pits and had the car taken over by Gonz\u00e1lez, after a collapsed Hawthorn had to be lifted out of his car. Trintignant was therefore in second place. Gonz\u00e1lez soon discovered the reason for Hawthorn passing out: a broken exhaust pipe was allowing fumes in the cockpit, so the Argentinian pulled into the pits to have it fixed, losing a whole lap in the process.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 29], "content_span": [30, 552]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071498-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 Belgian Grand Prix, Race\nMeanwhile, Fangio was sitting in a comfortable lead and rode to his second victory of the season, as well as recording the fastest lap of the race. Only seven cars were able to finish. The retirements had put Trintignant in second and Moss (who scored his first podium in a World Championship race) in his privately entered Maserati in third. After his long pit stop Gonz\u00e1lez managed to recover and finished fourth in front of Pilette, Bira and Mantovani. For Pilette it was his first and only finish in the points of his career.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 29], "content_span": [30, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071498-0009-0000", "contents": "1954 Belgian Grand Prix, Championship standings after the race\nAfter his second win of the season, Juan Manuel Fangio was in a comfortable lead with 17 points. Trintignant was second with 9, while Bill Vukovich, the winner of the Indianapolis 500 was third in the championship standings (although he wouldn't compete in another World Championship race).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 62], "content_span": [63, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071499-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Belgian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Belgium on 11 April 1954. The dominant Christian Social Party won 95 of the 212 seats in the Chamber of Representatives and 49 of the 106 seats in the Senate. Voter turnout was 93.2%. Elections for the nine provincial councils were also held.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071499-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Belgian general election\nThe outgoing Catholic government led by Jean Van Houtte lost their majority in parliament. The two other main parties, the Socialist and Liberal Party, subsequently formed a rare \"purple\" government with Achille Van Acker as Prime Minister. Both parties had an anti-clerical agenda and aimed to reverse policies of the Catholic government regarding private schools. This would become known as the Second School War.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071500-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Big Ten Conference football season\nThe 1954 Big Ten Conference football season was the 59th season of college football played by the member schools of the Big Ten Conference (also known as the Western Conference) and was a part of the 1954 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071500-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Big Ten Conference football season\nThe 1954 Ohio State Buckeyes football team, under head coach Woody Hayes, won the conference football championship, compiled a 10\u20130, was ranked No. 1 in the final AP Poll, and defeated USC in the 1955 Rose Bowl. Halfback Howard Cassady was selected as the team's most valuable player and was a consensus first-team All-American.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071500-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Big Ten Conference football season\nThe 1954 Wisconsin Badgers football team, under head coach Ivy Williamson, compiled a 7\u20132 record and was ranked No. 9 in the final AP Poll. Fullback Alan Ameche won the 1954 Heisman Trophy as the best player in college football and the Chicago Tribune Silver Football as the most valuable player in the Big Ten Conference. Ameche broke Ollie Matson's career rushing record, finishing his tenure at Wisconsin with 3,212 rushing yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 473]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071500-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Big Ten Conference football season\nPurdue quarterback Len Dawson led the conference with 1,464 passing yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071500-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Results and team statistics\nKeyAP final = Team's rank in the final AP Poll of the 1954 seasonAP high = Team's highest rank in the AP Poll throughout the 1954 seasonPPG = Average of points scored per game; conference leader's average displayed in boldPAG = Average of points allowed per game; conference leader's average displayed in boldMVP = Most valuable player as voted by players on each team as part of the voting process to determine the winner of the Chicago Tribune Silver Football trophy; trophy winner in bold", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 85], "content_span": [86, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071500-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Preseason\nTwo Big Ten teams changed head coaches between the 1953 and 1954 seasons:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 67], "content_span": [68, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071500-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Regular season, September 25\nOn September 25, 1954, the Big Ten football teams played two conference games and six non-conference games. The non-conference games resulted in five wins and one loss.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 86], "content_span": [87, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071500-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Regular season, October 2\nOn October 2, 1954, the Big Ten football teams played one conference game and eight non-conference games. The non-conference games resulted in five wins and three losses, giving the Big Ten a 10\u20134 record in non-conference games played to that date.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 83], "content_span": [84, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071500-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Regular season, October 9\nOn October 9, 1954, the Big Ten football teams played four conference games and two non-conference games. The non-conference games resulted in two wins, giving the Big Ten a 12\u20134 record in non-conference games played to that date.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 83], "content_span": [84, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071500-0009-0000", "contents": "1954 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Regular season, October 16\nOn October 16, 1954, the Big Ten football teams played four conference games and two non-conference games. The non-conference games resulted in two losses, giving the Big Ten a 12\u20136 record in non-conference games played to that date.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071500-0010-0000", "contents": "1954 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Regular season, October 23\nOn October 23, 1954, the Big Ten football teams played four conference games and two non-conference games. The non-conference games resulted in one win and one loss, giving the Big Ten a 13\u20137 record in non-conference games played to that date.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071500-0011-0000", "contents": "1954 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Regular season, October 30\nOn October 30, 1954, the Big Ten football teams played against each other in five conference games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071500-0012-0000", "contents": "1954 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Regular season, November 6\nOn November 6, 1954, the Big Ten football teams played three conference games and four non-conference games. The non-conference games resulted in three wins and one loss, giving the Big Ten a 16\u20138 record in non-conference games played to that date.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071500-0013-0000", "contents": "1954 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Regular season, November 13\nOn November 13, 1954, the Big Ten football teams played against each other in five conference games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 85], "content_span": [86, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071500-0014-0000", "contents": "1954 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Regular season, November 20\nOn November 20, 1954, the Big Ten football teams played four conference games and two non-conference games. The non-conference games resulted in one win and one loss, giving the Big Ten a 17\u20139 record in non-conference games played to that date.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 85], "content_span": [86, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071500-0015-0000", "contents": "1954 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Bowl games\nOn January 1, 1955, Ohio State (ranked No. 1 in the AP Poll) defeated USC (ranked No. 17 in the AP Poll) by a 20\u20137 score before a crowd of 89,191 in Pasadena, California. UCLA (ranked No. 2) was not permitted to play in the Rose Bowl due to the Pacific Coast Conference's no-repeat rule. Ohio State quarterback Dave Leggett was selected as the game's most valuable player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 68], "content_span": [69, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071500-0016-0000", "contents": "1954 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Post-season developments\nOn February 3, 1955, Bob Voigts resigned as Northwestern's head football coach. Voigts had come under fire from alumni after Northwestern won only one conference game in two seasons. Less than a week later, Lou Saban was announced as Voigts' replacement. Saban had been an assistant coach at Northwestern in 1954. He had played for Indiana in 1941 and 1942 and for the Cleveland Browns from 1946 to 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 82], "content_span": [83, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071500-0017-0000", "contents": "1954 Big Ten Conference football season, Awards and honors, All-Big Ten honors\nThe following players were picked by the Associated Press (AP) and/or the sports editors (Ed) as first-team players on the 1954 All-Big Ten Conference football team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 78], "content_span": [79, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071500-0018-0000", "contents": "1954 Big Ten Conference football season, Awards and honors, All-American honors\nAt the end of the 1954 season, Big Ten players secured three of 11 consensus first-team picks for the 1954 College Football All-America Team. The Big Ten's consensus All-Americans were:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 79], "content_span": [80, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071500-0019-0000", "contents": "1954 Big Ten Conference football season, Awards and honors, All-American honors\nOther Big Ten players who were named first-team All-Americans by at least one selector were:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 79], "content_span": [80, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071500-0020-0000", "contents": "1954 Big Ten Conference football season, Awards and honors, Other awards\nWisconsin running back Alan Ameche won the 1954 Heisman Trophy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 72], "content_span": [73, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071500-0021-0000", "contents": "1954 Big Ten Conference football season, 1955 NFL Draft\nThe following Big Ten players were among the first 100 picks in the 1955 NFL Draft:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 55], "content_span": [56, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071501-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Bilderberg Conference\nThe Bilderberg Conference in 1954 was the first annual meeting of European politicians, bankers and monarchs and American politicians and bankers. The founders and promoters were Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands (who was the president of the meeting until 1976) and the Polish political advisor J\u00f3zef Retinger. It took place in the Hotel de Bilderberg, Oosterbeek, Netherlands, and was held 29\u201331 May 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071502-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Birthday Honours\nThe Queen's Birthday Honours 1954 were appointments in many of the Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of The Queen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071502-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Birthday Honours\nThe 1954 Queen's Birthday Honours were announced on 1 June 1954, for the United Kingdom and Colonies, Australia, New Zealand, Ceylon, Pakistan, and for various members of Commonwealth forces in recognition of services in Korea during the period 28 July 1953 to 31 January 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071503-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Birthday Honours (New Zealand)\nThe 1954 Queen's Birthday Honours in New Zealand, celebrating the official birthday of Elizabeth II, were appointments made by the Queen on the advice of the New Zealand government to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders. They were announced on 10 June 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071503-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Birthday Honours (New Zealand)\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071504-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Bitburg explosion\nThe devastating Bitburg tank explosion took place on 23 September 1954 at the then NATO air base near the city Bitburg, in the municipality of Niederstedem, Germany. The explosion took place in an underground storage tank containing JP-4, a military jet fuel blend. The toll was 34 dead, 2 injured, 3 missing. The explosion was caused by the deliberate activation of a novel carbon dioxide fire extinguishment system during an acceptance test as part of final commissioning. The JP-4 blend has since largely been abandoned due to safety concerns because of its low flash point.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 600]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071504-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Bitburg explosion, The accident\nIn 1954 at the US Air Force fuel depot near Bitburg, various acceptance tests were being made on a newly constructed underground fuel storage tank. The tank was fitted with a novel carbon dioxide fire extinguishing system, the first of its kind in Germany. The US Army was not responsible for design, construction and operation of storage facilities at the time, but the fuel involved was the property of the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 36], "content_span": [37, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071504-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Bitburg explosion, The accident\nThe senior engineering staff of the French La mission des grands travaux a\u00e9ronautiques en Allemagne and other French and German officials, technicians and contractors were present at the site and attending an acceptance test.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 36], "content_span": [37, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071504-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Bitburg explosion, The accident\nThe diameter of the underground tank was about 96 feet (29 m) with a total capacity of 1,386,000 US gal (5,250 m3). The tank was about 20% full at the time of the accident. The roof of the underground tank was capped with iron reinforced concrete and covered with a layer of soil. The CO2 cylinders were located in a half-buried concrete structure about 250 feet (75 m) from the storage site. 120 gas cylinders, each with a liquid gas capacity of 30\u00a0kg, were connected together in a three battery arrangement. A buried steel pipeline connected the battery with the storage tank.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 36], "content_span": [37, 615]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071504-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Bitburg explosion, The accident\nMost if not all of the victims were standing on the top of the tank during a controlled activation of the thermal sensing devices that would trigger CO2 cylinders to discharge gas into the tank's headspace. At about 16:00 hours, one minute after the CO2 discharge commenced, a massive explosion disintegrated the tank.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 36], "content_span": [37, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071504-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Bitburg explosion, The accident\nAlthough the ability of liquefied CO2 to create static electricity upon depressurization was reported as early as in 1925, it was unknown to the tank designers and not identified in the official investigation of the accident by the US Army. It was only identified later in a report by German scientists.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 36], "content_span": [37, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071504-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 Bitburg explosion, Relevance\nThe accident has relevance today as it demonstrates the dangers of static electricity when injecting carbon dioxide into an ignitable atmosphere. As such, it is a case example of de-learning. Knowledge on hazards learned the hard way through accidents can be forgotten. This has happened in the fast-growing wood pellet industry where trouble with smoldering fires in storage silos has led to new techniques for firefighting which employ injection of inert gases such as carbon dioxide.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071504-0006-0001", "contents": "1954 Bitburg explosion, Relevance\nAlthough the electrostatic hazard has been known for more than 50 years, many standards, guidelines, recent editions of frequently cited pellet handbooks, and other literature cover the hazard superficially or do not mention it at all. The hazard is insufficiently covered in NFPA 12 and it may constitute a hazard for seagoing general cargo vessels where fire protection for cargo holds employs pressurized storage of liquefied carbon dioxide.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071505-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Bj\u00f8rn\u00f8ya Consolidated PBY Catalina crash\nThe 1954 Bj\u00f8rn\u00f8ya Consolidated PBY Catalina crash (Norwegian: Bj\u00f8rn\u00f8ya-ulykken) was a controlled flight into terrain (CFIT) of a Consolidated PBY Catalina on the island of Bj\u00f8rn\u00f8ya in Svalbard, Norway, on 28 March 1954 at ca. 15:00. The Royal Norwegian Air Force aircraft of No. 333 Squadron RNoAF (333 Sqn) was conducting a postal drop flight from Troms\u00f8 to five settlements on Svalbard, including Bj\u00f8rn\u00f8ya Radio, making a low pass over Bj\u00f8rn\u00f8ya at a height of 40 meters (130\u00a0ft) before crashing into the ground. Only one of the nine on board survived.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071505-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Bj\u00f8rn\u00f8ya Consolidated PBY Catalina crash\nThe crew at the station set out to find the aircraft in 3\u00a0ft (1\u00a0m) of snow, and did not manage to bring the survivor back to the station until the following day. Four military ships were dispatched to search for the aircraft. Once it was found, Andenes and S\u00f8r\u00f8y returned to Troms\u00f8 and then took the investigation commission to Bj\u00f8rn\u00f8ya. They concluded that the accident was caused by the aircraft losing altitude through a sideslip, possibly due to the pilot losing spatial awareness in the poor visibility.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071505-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Bj\u00f8rn\u00f8ya Consolidated PBY Catalina crash, Background\nSvalbard had since its settlement in the early 20th century been entirely isolated from the world during winter, when ice closed its ports. As a trial, the air force carried out a postal delivery expedition in April 1949, dropping mail at Longyearbyen, Ny-\u00c5lesund and Sveagruva. Another flight was carried out the following year, with two more in 1951. The services continued with increasing frequency throughout the 1950s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 57], "content_span": [58, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071505-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Bj\u00f8rn\u00f8ya Consolidated PBY Catalina crash, Background\nThe aircraft was a Boeing-Canada PB2B-1 Catalina IVB\u2014a version of the Consolidated PBY Catalina\u2014with construction number 28129 and the Squadron code of KK-N. It was built in 1944 for the United States Navy. The aircraft was sold to Norway after the Second World War ended. It was bought by Vingtor Luftveier of Oslo and registered as LN-OAP on 2 June 1947. The RNoAF bought the aircraft on 15 September 1948. It was originally given the squadron code K-AN, which was later changed to KK-N. The aircraft was part of No. 333 Squadron based at Sola Air Station.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 57], "content_span": [58, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071505-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Bj\u00f8rn\u00f8ya Consolidated PBY Catalina crash, Flight and crash\nThe flight was a postal delivery flight which was to drop mail at six Norwegian settlements and outposts in Svalbard. The flight plan was to take a load of post from Troms\u00f8 Airport, Skatt\u00f8ra and fly a route to drop it at Bj\u00f8rn\u00f8ya Radio, Isfjord Radio, Longyearbyen, Ny-\u00c5lesund, Hopen Radio and then fly back via Bj\u00f8rn\u00f8ya. The flight had an estimated duration of sixteen hours. It had been delayed for several days because of bad weather. The aircraft was prepared for the flight on 27 March.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 63], "content_span": [64, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071505-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Bj\u00f8rn\u00f8ya Consolidated PBY Catalina crash, Flight and crash\nThe aircraft had a crew of eight: three pilots, two navigators, two radio operators and a mechanic. The same crew had been attached to the aircraft and flown it together the past 20 months. In addition there was a passenger, a journalist from the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation, who was making a radio program about the flight. Originally the broadcaster had appointed Jan Frydenlund to the task, but when it became clear that the flight would be delayed by several days he was replaced by local radio journalist Sigvart Tingvoll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 63], "content_span": [64, 598]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071505-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 Bj\u00f8rn\u00f8ya Consolidated PBY Catalina crash, Flight and crash\nThe aircraft departed Skatt\u00f8ra on 28 March at 01:55. The flight went as planned, with the post being dropped at Bj\u00f8rn\u00f8ya and all the other settlements. The surviving crewmember reported that the residents of the various settlements greeted the aircraft enthusiastically at all locations. The weather was generally poor, with low-laying rainclouds. However, there were clear spots in between the clouds which provided pockets of good sight.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 63], "content_span": [64, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071505-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 Bj\u00f8rn\u00f8ya Consolidated PBY Catalina crash, Flight and crash\nOn the return leg from Hopen the aircraft followed a route via Bj\u00f8rn\u00f8ya, approaching the island from the northeast. At 14:57 it passed at low altitude just west of the station, while it retained radio contact. Minutes later the station lost contact with the aircraft, although the operators there simply presumed that the aircraft's radio had stopped working\u2014a common occurrence at the time. The aircraft was flying at an altitude of only 40 meters (130\u00a0ft) above the ground over Bj\u00f8rn\u00f8ya. While passing the radio operator on the Catalina had made contact with Bj\u00f8rn\u00f8ya Radio.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 63], "content_span": [64, 640]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071505-0007-0001", "contents": "1954 Bj\u00f8rn\u00f8ya Consolidated PBY Catalina crash, Flight and crash\nHe had attempted to make contact again just before impact, which was thought by the investigation commission to be possibly because the crew had discovered something wrong with the aircraft. This possible problem may have been the cause of the accident. The impact took place 4.5 kilometers (3\u00a0mi) south of the station, when the tip of the right wing hit the ground and subsequently the aircraft crashed into the ground in an explosion. The landscape at the accident site is completely flat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 63], "content_span": [64, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071505-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 Bj\u00f8rn\u00f8ya Consolidated PBY Catalina crash, Flight and crash\nThe investigation commission concluded that the accident was caused by the aircraft losing altitude, falling into a sideslip and descending into the ground, first hitting it with the right wingtip. The cause of loss of altitude was unknown, but could either have been part of a sideways banking maneuver or uncontrolled. The varying weather with pockets of good and poor visibility led the commission to believe that the aircraft could have flown into an area with fog and lost sight of the horizon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 63], "content_span": [64, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071505-0008-0001", "contents": "1954 Bj\u00f8rn\u00f8ya Consolidated PBY Catalina crash, Flight and crash\nIt reported that the accident took place towards the end of a very long flight and that fatigue could have reduced the pilots' faculties. This could be a decisive pivoting factor in the narrow margins while maneuvering at such low altitudes. The commission found no signs of technical error on the aircraft. It also commented that flying at low altitudes over the sea was common because of the lower wind speeds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 63], "content_span": [64, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071505-0009-0000", "contents": "1954 Bj\u00f8rn\u00f8ya Consolidated PBY Catalina crash, Flight and crash\nThe only person to survive the crash was Paul Olsen, one of the two radio operators. He was sitting in the aircraft's rear in one of the Catalina's side blisters. Upon impact he was ejected 50 meters (160\u00a0ft) from the aircraft. Olsen stated that he did not recall anything from the accident and that he initially was unconscious. After waking up he tried calling to the other crew members. He then tried to walk around, but the pain in his foot made this impossible. The aircraft was still on fire and he dared not approach it. Because of the aircraft's poor insulation, Olsen was wearing a leather jacket and a sheepskin sweater, which kept him warm until he was rescued.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 63], "content_span": [64, 736]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071505-0010-0000", "contents": "1954 Bj\u00f8rn\u00f8ya Consolidated PBY Catalina crash, Rescue and investigation\nThe RNoAF initiated rescue preparedness three-quarters of an hour after estimated time of arrival to Skatt\u00f8ra. A distress signal alert was issued by the air traffic control at Skatt\u00f8ra at 18:20. A Catalina was dispatched in a search and rescue mission. It flew the route from Troms\u00f8 to Bj\u00f8rn\u00f8ya and back that evening. Four Royal Norwegian Navy ships, Andenes and S\u00f8r\u00f8y and two minesweepers, were dispatched to participate in the operation. Other ships participating in the search were G. O. Sars and Norsel. Allied Forces Northern Europe at Kols\u00e5s was alerted and assistance was initiated from the US Third Air Force and the RAF Coastal Command, which were due to arrive at Bod\u00f8 Main Air Station the following morning.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 71], "content_span": [72, 790]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071505-0011-0000", "contents": "1954 Bj\u00f8rn\u00f8ya Consolidated PBY Catalina crash, Rescue and investigation\nThe distress call was received by the crew at Bj\u00f8rn\u00f8ya Radio and they decided to send two men, Einar Strand and Alv Alv\u00e6r, to look for the aircraft on the island. After an hour of searching in one meter (3\u00a0ft) deep snow, the two spotted the aircraft, which they quickly identified as they saw flames. They arrived three hours after the accident and found Olsen. Strand and Alv\u00e6r attempted to drag the survivor with them, but this proved too strenuous. Instead Alv\u00e6r went back to the station and Strand stayed with Olsen. On the return trip Alv\u00e6r got lost at one time, but finally managed to reach the station. Bj\u00f8rn\u00f8ya Radio contacted Skatt\u00f8ra at 21:45 reporting that the wreck had been found.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 71], "content_span": [72, 765]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071505-0012-0000", "contents": "1954 Bj\u00f8rn\u00f8ya Consolidated PBY Catalina crash, Rescue and investigation\nStrand built an ad hoc sled out of his skis and attempted to drag Olsen on it. It was difficult as Strand was forced to put down his backpack, drag the sled a distance and then return to walk back to bring forth the backpack. As he could not wear his skis, it was a strenuous exercise. The hauling proved futile, and instead Strand decided to return to the station for help.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 71], "content_span": [72, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071505-0012-0001", "contents": "1954 Bj\u00f8rn\u00f8ya Consolidated PBY Catalina crash, Rescue and investigation\nHe left his flashlight with Olsen so that he could find him again, although even with this aid relocating the stranded survivor proved difficult, as this part of Bj\u00f8rn\u00f8ya is flat and there were no visual references to help orient the searchers. Strand did not return until morning, and Olsen was getting wetter and colder as he waited for help. In the end Olsen decided that further help would not come in time and started following Strand's footsteps, but he soon had to give up, having traversed about 200 meters (660\u00a0ft). Three of the four crew at the station returned and transported Olsen to safety. (As the station needed to remain manned at all times, one of the crew was forced to stay behind.) Olsen reached the station at 13:00 on 29 March.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 71], "content_span": [72, 822]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071505-0013-0000", "contents": "1954 Bj\u00f8rn\u00f8ya Consolidated PBY Catalina crash, Rescue and investigation\nAnd\u00f8ya and S\u00f8r\u00f8y were recalled back to Troms\u00f8. There they were attached to the investigation commission, led by Major Anonsen. He was assisted by two pilots, a technical officer, a medical doctor and a police officer. Most of the commission was transported by S\u00f8r\u00f8y, while further supplies and eight coffins were sent by Andenes. S\u00f8r\u00f8y arrived at Bj\u00f8rn\u00f8ya at 23:00 on 29 March, while Andenes arrived on 30 March. Also aboard was a contingent of fifty conscripts who stayed in Bj\u00f8rn\u00f8ya for five days. The commission started its work by investigating the wreck and removing the bodies. The deceased were transported to Troms\u00f8, arriving at 13:30 on 1 April. There was a common memorial service at Troms\u00f8 before the deceased were transported to their respective hometowns for burial.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 71], "content_span": [72, 851]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071505-0014-0000", "contents": "1954 Bj\u00f8rn\u00f8ya Consolidated PBY Catalina crash, Aftermath\nThe accident was the 333 Squadron's third fatal accident with the Catalinas. It was the first aviation accident in Svalbard and remained the deadliest aviation accident of a civilian nature in the territory until Vnukovo Airlines Flight 2801 in 1996, which killed 141 people. The air force continued on the postal service until 1959. By then a winter airport had been built in Adventdalen outside Longyearbyen and Braathens SAFE took over the postal flights. A memorial plaque with a part of the aircraft's propeller was erected at the station at Bj\u00f8rn\u00f8ya on 1 November 1984. The 333 Squadron commemorated the accident on its 50th anniversary in 2004 by flying two Lockheed P-3 Orion aircraft over Bj\u00f8rn\u00f8ya and dropping flowers over the site. The wreckage has never been cleaned up and is still located at the crash site.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 56], "content_span": [57, 878]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071506-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Blons avalanches\nThe Blons avalanches took place in Austria in January 1954. They occurred in the federal state of Vorarlberg, where they had a big impact on the Great Walser Valley region and specifically, the village of Blons. The avalanches occurred over a two-day period beginning from 11 January 1954 and resulted in the death of 125 people, 57 of whom were killed specifically in Blons. Two big avalanches struck Blons within 9 hours, the second of which buried rescue workers who were attempting to save civilians from the first avalanche.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071506-0000-0001", "contents": "1954 Blons avalanches\nThe avalanches caused much destruction to the Blons village, damaging one third of housing infrastructure and killing one third of the population. The Blons avalanches are considered to be one of the worst mass burials in Austrian history, resulting in one of the highest number of fatalities due to an avalanche.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071506-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Blons avalanches, Geography\nThe village of Blons is located in the Bludenz district in the federal state of Vorarlberg, located on the western side of Austria. On its western side, the state of Vorarlberg borders with the European country Liechtenstein. Bludenz is a mountainous region with 525 mountains. In Vorarlberg there are 1315 avalanche catchment zones. The starting points of the Blons avalanches were Falvkopf and Mont-Calv. These peaks are situated approximately 6,500\u00a0ft high and surround the village. Falvkopf is 1849 meters above sea level. The coordinates of the Blons avalanche locations are Latitude: 47.2160 Longitude: 9.8160. The area of Blons is surrounded by rocks which are easily susceptible to  erosion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 32], "content_span": [33, 732]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071506-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Blons avalanches, The Avalanches\nOn 11 January 1954 at 9:36am, the first avalanche began, starting at Flavkopf, where it struck the Blons village at 10:00am. The first avalanche struck the eastern side of the village, burying 82 people and killing 34 people. A second avalanche began later that night at 7:00pm starting at Mont-Calv. The second avalanche struck the centre of the village of Blons where 43 people were buried and 22 people died. Sixteen people who were rescued from the first avalanche were also later buried in the second avalanche. Both avalanches were classified as catastrophic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 37], "content_span": [38, 603]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071506-0002-0001", "contents": "1954 Blons avalanches, The Avalanches\nAn avalanche classified at a catastrophic level means it has the potential to damage the surrounding landscape, the runout can cause damage and destruction to infrastructure in a valley and is large in size. On the morning the avalanche occurred, the local radio announced the avalanche warning system cautioned \"the danger of avalanches has become extremely serious and is still increasing.\" A survivor, Robert Dobner, recounts the day as \"a dark Monday, so full of snow.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 37], "content_span": [38, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071506-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Blons avalanches, Rescue Mission\nThe rescue response to the Blons avalanches was slow due to damaged power and telephone lines, which delayed rescuers hearing the news of the avalanches a day later. The rescue mission to save victims trapped from these avalanches led to the first airlift in Austrian history. Airlifts can quickly provide equipment and resources needed for a rescue mission site including transceivers, shovels and probes. Rescue dogs can also be used as they use their sense of smell to search for humans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 37], "content_span": [38, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071506-0003-0001", "contents": "1954 Blons avalanches, Rescue Mission\nThe first Austrian responders started a rescue mission on 13 January 1954 and countries such as Germany, Switzerland and the United States also contributed to help rescue the civilians. The US Air Force provided 99 helicopters and 11,000\u00a0kg of rescue supplies while The Swiss Air-Rescue sent 14 rescuers, 6 rescue dogs, 2 helicopters, doctors and 5 rescue paratroopers. One of the main causes of death for victims impacted and trapped from an avalanche is asphyxia, which means people can still be alive while buried for a period of time and have the potential to survive.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 37], "content_span": [38, 610]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071506-0003-0002", "contents": "1954 Blons avalanches, Rescue Mission\nSome survivors of the Blons avalanches had been trapped for up to 17 to 62 hours. A Sydney Morning Herald article that reported on the Blons avalanches described the rescue crews as having to face a deep and narrow valley covered on both sides by tons of snow and that every capable man contrbution to help. It also recounts that flares were used to help the rescue workers as the avalanches damaged lights as well as cutting off water supply and roads and rail communication.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 37], "content_span": [38, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071506-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Blons avalanches, Aftermath\nThe aftermath of the Blons avalanches resulted in \"270 burials resulting in 125 deaths, 55 houses and hundreds of farm buildings [were] destroyed, and 500 cattle were killed.\" The population of Blons in 1954 had a total of 376 people and a third (111 people) were killed outright by the avalanches. Half of the men who worked at the Leduc mine in the area were also killed (Ruth, 1998; Davis, 2008). A third of the housing was also destroyed with 29 out of 90 homes in the village listed as demolished.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 32], "content_span": [33, 535]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071506-0004-0001", "contents": "1954 Blons avalanches, Aftermath\nThirty-three victims were able to get to safety by themselves, 31 were rescued by rescue teams and 47 were found dead. One woman who was cooking in her home at the time the avalanche struck died from burns from coals in her oven that hit her on impact. Another man who had been found alive by a rescue crew after 17 hours, later died of shock after finding out how long he had been buried in the snow, as reported by wire service reports. Of the civilians found alive, 8 later died and 2 were not found.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 32], "content_span": [33, 536]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071506-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Blons avalanches, Cause\nAustrian alps are always susceptible to natural hazards such as avalanches. In the lead up to the avalanches that targeted Blons, a combination of cold weather and a rapid increase in snowfall could not be sustained and was too much to hold. The heavy snowfall resulted in more than 2 meters in depth of snow in less than 24 hours. According to Holler (2009), two days prior to the first avalanche in the winter of January 1954, a \"north westerly oriented frontal zone led to high new snow depth\" particularly in Vorarlberg. Following the heavy snowfall, temperatures started to rise. After layers of snow accumulate and temperatures rise, snow cohesion can deteriorate and can cause an avalanche to release.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 28], "content_span": [29, 737]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071506-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 Blons avalanches, Cause\nPrior to January 1954, the protection measures against avalanches in Blons were first established between 1906 and 1908. This included support structures of snow fences and walls of approximately 2 \u2013 2.5 meters, which were destroyed during the 1954 avalanches and said to be inadequate. In the mountains above Blons the trees were also spread out resulting in low forest cover and therefore reduced protection coverage for the village. The civilians in the Blons village also took precautions to avoid the risk of an avalanche to surrounding areas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 28], "content_span": [29, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071506-0006-0001", "contents": "1954 Blons avalanches, Cause\nAs winter approached, councilmen in Blons would remove a crucifix that was placed in a high-risk area to avoid any damage to it. At a particular ravine in Blons, the civilians would stop talking and walk in a single line spread apart when crossing a bridge. This was done to avoid their voices causing vibrations in the area that could start an avalanche and if one was to release, they believed being spread apart would reduce the number of them taken by it.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 28], "content_span": [29, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071506-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 Blons avalanches, Response\nThe Blons avalanches in Austria in 1954 have \"heralded modern avalanche protection in the alps.\" Due to the high impact of these avalanches, along with others in Austria, measures have been put in place to protect the Blons village in Vorarlberg from potential avalanche threat in the future.\u2018Catastrophic\u2019 level avalanches have since decreased in Austria due to improved protection measures overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 31], "content_span": [32, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071506-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 Blons avalanches, Response\nComprehensive investigation into forest cover and tree quality has been undertaken in the mountains above Blons in order to improve its effectiveness in protection against avalanches. The \u2018Forest Engineering Service for Torrent and Avalanche Control\u2019 is in charge of enforcing protection measures against natural hazards in Austria. Since the Blons avalanches, there is much more forest cover compared to the coverage in 1954, due to extensive reforestation efforts. In 1971 there was 520 hectares of forest coverage and by 2009 it had increased to 601 hectares of coverage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 31], "content_span": [32, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071506-0008-0001", "contents": "1954 Blons avalanches, Response\nForest coverage can help improve protection against avalanches as it can slow down the speed of the snow and reduce the runout distance. In the Blons area approximately half a million trees have been planted, four fifths of which are Picea abies. This abies tree species is effective in avalanche protection due its capability in ensuring stabilisation because of its deep root system that can reach a depth of up to 2 metres. At the main starting points of avalanches in Blons, approximately 6.5 kilometres of defence mechanisms have since been put in place including steel snow bridges, hangings and steel-wood construction as well as 315 creeping snow constructions and 745 metres worth of wind drift barriers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 31], "content_span": [32, 745]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071506-0009-0000", "contents": "1954 Blons avalanches, Response\nStudies of the Blons avalanches have helped to improve the knowledge and understanding of avalanche cycles in Austria, which in turn have helped result in more efficient forecasting of avalanches. A study has revealed that of the biggest avalanches in Austrian history \"about two-thirds [of the avalanches] occurred as a result of a north-westerly oriented frontal zone.\" It also found that higher levels of snowfall played a large contributing role in the cause of these \u2018catastrophic\u2019 avalanches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 31], "content_span": [32, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071506-0009-0001", "contents": "1954 Blons avalanches, Response\nThe study was able to deduce that certain weather situations are related to the avalanche cycles and patterns occurring in Austria and has helped better predict when an avalanche might be expected. Avalanche warning systems are also now available online. The \u2018European Avalanche Warning Services\u2019 aims to provide \"society with efficient and effective avalanche forecasting and warning services\" and can inform and warn people of any potential avalanche risks in areas all across Europe, including Blons. Avalanche detection has been developed which looks at features such as infrasound, seismic and radar signals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 31], "content_span": [32, 645]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071506-0009-0002", "contents": "1954 Blons avalanches, Response\nModern avalanche simulation technology has also been made, which makes it possible to simulate potential hazardous scenarios in high risk avalanche hazard-zones and detect where there may be protection measures against avalanches. In regard to the Blons avalanches, this technology was able to help highlight the lack of defensive constructions at the starting points of each of the avalanches that released.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 31], "content_span": [32, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071506-0010-0000", "contents": "1954 Blons avalanches, Response\nIn terms of avalanche rescue strategies, there has been little change since the Blons avalanches. Approximately 50% of people do not carry avalanche transceivers. If they were to be buried by an avalanche original tools and strategies are still in use to rescue buried victims.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 31], "content_span": [32, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071506-0011-0000", "contents": "1954 Blons avalanches, In the Media\nSeveral books and films have been produced which have recounted the experience of those involved. The book titled \"Avalanche!\" written by author Joseph Wechsberg in 1958 provides coverage on the events of the Blons avalanches, civilians stories, the impact it had on the whole community and the rehabilitation efforts the community has adopted. He describes the events as \"no other recorded avalanche in modern history has done so much to so many in so short a time and so small a place.\" The film and novel called \"Der Atem des Himmels\" is also based on the 1954 avalanches in Blons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 35], "content_span": [36, 620]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071506-0011-0001", "contents": "1954 Blons avalanches, In the Media\nIt depicts the build-up and how the events of the avalanches unfolded. The incident of the avalanches is also featured in the documentary series \"Disasters of the Century\" in season 4, episode 9 which includes personal recounts from residents of Blons at the time, what they experienced as well as reenactments. An avalanche documentation centre in Blons exhibits facts and photographs about the events that occurred during the 1954 avalanches and what protection measures have been put in place to increase safety to the area.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 35], "content_span": [36, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071507-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Bolivian Primera Divisi\u00f3n\nThe 1954 Bolivian Primera Divisi\u00f3n, the first division of Bolivian football (soccer), was played by 9 teams. The champion was Litoral.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071508-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Boston College Eagles football team\nThe 1954 Boston College Eagles football team represented Boston College as an independent during the 1954 college football season. In its fourth season under head coach Mike Holovak, the team compiled an 8-1 record and outscored opponents by a combined total of 196 to 74. The team's sole loss was to Xavier; Xavier broke a 12-game winless streak with the victory over BC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 413]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071508-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Boston College Eagles football team\nThe team played its home games at Fenway Park in Boston.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071509-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Boston Red Sox season\nThe 1954 Boston Red Sox season was the 54th season in the franchise's Major League Baseball history. The Red Sox finished fourth in the American League (AL) with a record of 69 wins and 85 losses, 42 games behind the Cleveland Indians.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071509-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 71], "content_span": [72, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071509-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 64], "content_span": [65, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071509-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071509-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 66], "content_span": [67, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071509-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 67], "content_span": [68, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071510-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Boston University Terriers football team\nThe 1954 Boston University Terriers football team was an American football team that represented Boston University as an independent during the 1954 college football season. In its eighth season under head coach Aldo Donelli, the team compiled a 7\u20132 record and outscored opponents by a total of 256 to 93.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071511-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Bournemouth West by-election\nThe Bournemouth West by-election was held on 18 February 1954. It was held due to the resignation of the incumbent Conservative MP, Robert Gascoyne-Cecil. It was won by the Conservative candidate, John Eden. When Eden was elected  he was the youngest member of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, known as Baby of the House.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071512-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Bowling Green Falcons football team\nThe 1954 Bowling Green Falcons football team was an American football team that represented Bowling Green State University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1954 college football season. In their 14th and final season under head coach Bob Whittaker, the Falcons compiled a 2\u20137 record (0\u20136 against MAC opponents), finished in last place in the MAC, and were outscored by all opponents by a combined total of 196 to 125.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 473]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071512-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Bowling Green Falcons football team\nThe team's statistical leaders were Bill Bradshaw with 414 passing yards, John Ladd with 266 rushing yards, and Jack Hecker with 274 receiving yards. John Ladd was the team captain. Bill Bradshaw received the team's Most Valuable Player award.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071512-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Bowling Green Falcons football team\nBob Whittaker, who had coached the Bowling Green football team since 1941, resigned the post in late February 1955, though he remained with the school as an assistant professor in the department of health and physical education. Whittaker compiled a 66\u201350\u20137 record in his 14 seasons at the school's head football coach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071513-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Brazilian legislative election\nParliamentary elections were held in Brazil on 3 October 1954. The Social Democratic Party remained the largest party in both the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate. Voter turnout was 65.5%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071514-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games\nThe 1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games were held in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, from 30 July to 7 August 1954. These were the first games since the name change from British Empire Games took effect in 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071514-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games\nIt was at these games that the \"Miracle Mile\" took place between Roger Bannister and John Landy at Empire Stadium. This was the first time these two (and at that time the only two) sub-four-minute mile runners appeared in the same race, and also the first time two runners broke four minutes in the same race. On the same afternoon, Jim Peters, the holder of the world best time for the marathon, entered the stadium 17 minutes ahead of his nearest rival, but collapsed on his final lap, and never completed the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071514-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games\nThe games were attended by 24 nations and 662 competitors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071514-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games, Participating teams\n24 teams were represented at the 1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games. (Teams competing for the first time are shown in bold).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 63], "content_span": [64, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071514-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games, Medal winners, Cycling, Track\n+ Lionel Cox did not receive a silver medal, the Australian cycling team refused to participate in the gold and bronze medal play offs and were subsequently disqualified.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 73], "content_span": [74, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071515-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 British Grand Prix\nThe 1954 British Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Silverstone on 17 July 1954. It was race 5 of 9 in the 1954 World Championship of Drivers. The 90-lap race was won by Ferrari driver Jos\u00e9 Froil\u00e1n Gonz\u00e1lez after he started from second position. His teammate Mike Hawthorn finished second and Maserati driver Onofre Marim\u00f3n came in third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071515-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 British Grand Prix, Race report\nA huge crowd turned out at Silverstone to see if Mercedes could repeat their Reims rout. In the end, just two silver cars arrived (for Fangio and Kling). In contrast, Maserati had nine cars, whilst Ferrari had three for the experienced trio of Hawthorn, Gonzalez and Trintignant. Fangio set Silverstone's fastest ever lap, breaking the 100\u00a0mph barrier with a lap of 100.35\u00a0mph. It was Gonzalez who led away and held the lead until the flag.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 36], "content_span": [37, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071515-0001-0001", "contents": "1954 British Grand Prix, Race report\nBehind him, Fangio passed Hawthorn for second but after colliding several times with oil drums in a difficult handling car, he dropped to fourth. Moss took over the position but retired with rear axle problems, leaving Hawthorn to follow home for a Ferrari 1\u20132 and young Onofre Marim\u00f3n to take his second (and last) podium place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 36], "content_span": [37, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071516-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 British Honduras general election\nGeneral elections were held in British Honduras on 28 April 1954, the first held under universal suffrage. The new constitution replaced the Legislative Council with a Legislative Assembly, which had nine elected members, three officials and three appointed members. The result was a decisive victory for the pro-independence People's United Party, which won eight of the nine seats in a coalition with the General Workers' Union.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071516-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 British Honduras general election\nThe pro-colonial National Party won the remaining seat, with NP candidate Charles Westby prevailing in the Toledo constituency.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071517-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 British Virgin Islands general election\nGeneral elections were held in the British Virgin Islands in 1954 for seats on the Legislative Council of the British Virgin Islands.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071517-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 British Virgin Islands general election\nThe previous election in 1950 had elected four members to the council on the basis of a Territory-wide vote. The 1954 election was the first election to employ districting. The Territory was divided into five districts, the largest of which (the 2nd District - Road Town) would have two members. All seats were contested.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071517-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 British Virgin Islands general election, Results\nAt the time candidates were not affiliated with political parties. Notable candidates who were elected for the first time included Theodolph Faulkner, remembered for his key role in relation to the reintroduction of democracy in the British Virgin Islands.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 53], "content_span": [54, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071518-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Brooklyn Dodgers season\nThe 1954 Brooklyn Dodgers season was the first season for new manager Walter Alston, who replaced Chuck Dressen, who had been fired during a contract dispute. Alston led the team to a 92\u201362 record, finishing five games behind the league champion New York Giants.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071518-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Brooklyn Dodgers season\nIn addition to Alston, the 1954 Dodgers had two other future Hall of Fame managers on their roster in pitcher Tommy Lasorda and outfielder Dick Williams. First baseman Gil Hodges and reserve infielder Don Zimmer would also go on to successful managerial careers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071518-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 73], "content_span": [74, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071518-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071518-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071518-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 68], "content_span": [69, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071518-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 69], "content_span": [70, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071519-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Brown Bears football team\nThe 1954 Brown Bears football team was an American football team that represented Brown University as an independent during the 1954 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071519-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Brown Bears football team\nIn their fourth season under head coach Alva Kelley, the Bears compiled a 3\u20135\u20131 record, but outscored their opponents 225 to 120. E. Pearson was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071519-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Brown Bears football team\nBrown played its home games at Brown Stadium in Providence, Rhode Island.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071520-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Brownlow Medal\nThe 1954 Brownlow Medal was the 27th year the award was presented to the player adjudged the fairest and best player during the Victorian Football League (VFL) home and away season. Roy Wright of the Richmond Football Club won the medal by polling twenty-nine votes during the 1954 VFL season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071521-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Bucknell Bison football team\nThe 1954 Bucknell Bison football team was an American football team that represented Bucknell University as an independent during the 1954 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071521-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Bucknell Bison football team\nIn its eighth season under head coach Harry Lawrence, the team compiled a 6\u20133 record. John Chironna was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071521-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Bucknell Bison football team\nThe team played its home games at Memorial Stadium on the university campus in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071522-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Buffalo Bulls football team\nThe 1954 Buffalo Bulls football team was an American football team that represented the University of Buffalo as an independent during the 1954 college football season. In its third and final season under head coach Fritz Febel, the team compiled a 2\u20137 record. The team played its home games at Civic Stadium in Buffalo, New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071523-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Bulgarian Cup\nThe 1954 Bulgarian Cup was the 14th season of the Bulgarian Cup (in this period the tournament was named Cup of the Soviet Army). CSKA Sofia won the competition, beating Slavia Sofia 2\u20131 in the final at the Vasil Levski National Stadium in Sofia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071524-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Bulgarian Cup Final\nThe 1954 Bulgarian Cup Final was the 14th final of the Bulgarian Cup (in this period the tournament was named Cup of the Soviet Army), and was contested between CSKA Sofia and Slavia Sofia on 7 November 1954 at Vasil Levski National Stadium in Sofia. CSKA won the final 2\u20131, claiming their second national cup title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071525-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Burundian parliamentary election, Background\nThe Decree of 14 July 1952 by the Belgian authorities had introduced an element of democracy to the Burundian political system. A complicated electoral system was created, which involved seven stages of elections to eventually elect the National Superior Council (French: Superieur du Pays).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071525-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Burundian parliamentary election, Background\nThe elections began in the sub-chiefdoms, then were held in the chiefdoms, then the territories, and finally at the national level.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071525-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Burundian parliamentary election, Results\nThe elections in the sub-chiefdoms and chiefdoms were held in 1953, with the elections to the Territorial Councils and the Superior Council following in 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 46], "content_span": [47, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071526-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 CCCF Youth Championship\nThe 1954 CCCF Youth Championship was an age restricted association football competition organised by the Football Confederation of Central America and the Caribbean. All games were hosted in San Jos\u00e9 and took place between 5 and 19 December.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071527-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Cal Aggies football team\nThe 1954 Cal Aggies football team represented the Northern Branch of the College of Agriculture in the 1954 college football season. The team was known as either the Cal Aggies or California Aggies, and competed in the Far Western Conference (FWC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071527-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Cal Aggies football team\nThe Aggies were led by first-year head coach Will Lotter. They played home games at Aggie Field. The Aggies finished the season with a record of one win and seven losses (1\u20137, 1\u20134 FWC). They were outscored by their opponents 47\u2013226 for the 1954 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071527-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Cal Aggies football team, NFL Draft\nNo Cal Aggies players were selected in the 1955 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 40], "content_span": [41, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071528-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Cal Poly Mustangs football team\nThe 1954 Cal Poly Mustangs football team represented California Polytechnic State University during the 1954 college football season. Cal Poly competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071528-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Cal Poly Mustangs football team\nThe team was led by fifth-year head coach LeRoy Hughes and played home games at Mustang Stadium in San Luis Obispo, California. They finished the season with a record of six wins and four losses (6\u20134, 3\u20131 CCAA). The Mustangs scored 221 points while giving up 141 in the 1954 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071529-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Cal Poly San Dimas Broncos football team\nThe 1954 Cal Poly San Dimas Broncos football team represented Cal Poly Voorhis Unit during the 1954 college football season. Cal Poly played as an independent in 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071529-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Cal Poly San Dimas Broncos football team\nCal Poly San Dimas was led by second-year head coach Staley Pitts. The Broncos finished the season with a record of one win and eight losses (1\u20138). Overall, the team was outscored by its opponents 77\u2013203 for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071529-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Cal Poly San Dimas Broncos football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Cal Poly San Dimas players were selected in the 1955 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 70], "content_span": [71, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071530-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Calgary Stampeders season\nThe 1954 Calgary Stampeders finished in 4th place in the W.I.F.U. with an 8\u20138 record and failed to make the playoffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071531-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 California Golden Bears football team\nThe 1954 California Golden Bears football team was an American football team that represented the University of California, Berkeley during the 1954 college football season. Under head coach Pappy Waldorf, the team compiled an overall record of 5\u20135 and 4\u20133 in conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071532-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 California gubernatorial election\nThe 1954 California gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1954. Incumbent Republican governor Goodwin Knight, who had ascended to the office after Earl Warren resigned to become Chief Justice of the United States the previous year, won the election to serve his sole term as Governor of California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071532-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 California gubernatorial election\nKnight remains the last Republican gubernatorial candidate as of 2020 to carry San Francisco.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071532-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 California gubernatorial election, General election results, Results by county\nKnight is the last Republican gubernatorial nominee to have won San Francisco County.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 83], "content_span": [84, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071533-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 California lieutenant gubernatorial election\nThe 1954 California lieutenant gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1954. Incumbent Republican Harold J. Powers defeated Democratic nominee Edward R. Roybal with 55.34% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071534-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Campeonato Argentino de Rugby\nThe 1954 Campeonato Argentino de Rugby was won by the selection of Buenos Aires Province (\"Provincia\") that beat in the final la Ciudad Eva Peron, selezione della citt\u00e0 omonima, secondo la denominazione in vigore tra il 1952 and il 1955 per la citt\u00e0 di La Plata.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071534-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Campeonato Argentino de Rugby\nPer la prima volta una squadra diversa dalla solite Provincia and Capital, raggiunse la finale.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071534-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Campeonato Argentino de Rugby, Final\nProvincia: R. Frigerio, E. Caffarone, A. Palma, A. Salinas, O. Bernacchi, C. Palacios, G. Ehrman (Cap. ), J. Lour\u00e9s, M. Sarand\u00f3n, R. Grosse, O. Mart\u00ednez, C. Brondstedt, C. Travaglini, V. Christianson, R. Follet. Eva Peron: E. Massone, E. Vergara, D. Montes, C. La Rosa, A. De Cucco, E. Brea, J. J\u00e1uregui, M. Mor\u00f3n, A. Fern\u00e1ndez, H. Carnicero, L. Gitard, C. Olivera, R. Gorostiaga (Cap. ), A. Dentone, R. Giner", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 41], "content_span": [42, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071535-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Campeonato Carioca\nThe 1954 edition of the Campeonato Carioca kicked off on August 21, 1954 and ended on February 27, 1955. It was organized by FMF (Federa\u00e7\u00e3o Metropolitana de Futebol, or Metropolitan Football Federation). Twelve teams participated. Flamengo won the title for the 12th time. no teams were relegated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071536-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Campeonato Paulista\nThe 1954 Campeonato Paulista da Primeira Divis\u00e3o, organized by the Federa\u00e7\u00e3o Paulista de Futebol, was the 53rd season of S\u00e3o Paulo's top professional football league. Corinthians won the title for the 15th time. Juventus and Ypiranga  were relegated and the top scorer was Palmeiras's Humberto Tozzi with 36 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071536-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Campeonato Paulista, Championship\nThe championship was disputed in a double-round robin system, with the team with the most points winning the title and the two teams with the fewest points being relegated. In that season, S\u00e3o Bento de S\u00e3o Caetano entered the championship, that team being the product of a merge between Comercial and S\u00e3o Caetano EC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071537-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Campeonato Profesional\nThe 1954 Campeonato Profesional was the seventh season of Colombia's top-flight football league. 10 teams compete against one another and played each weekend. The tournament was notable for being the sixth and last year of El Dorado. Atl\u00e9tico Nacional won the league for 1st time in its history after getting 31 points. Millonarios, the defending champion, was 5th with 18 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071537-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Campeonato Profesional, Background\nThe tournament was the sixth and last year of El Dorado. The Pacto de Lima with the FIFA forced the foreign players to return to their countries in October. It was a very irregular tournament in which four matches were not played and seven were suspended by walkover.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071537-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Campeonato Profesional, Background\n10 teams competed in the tournament, two less than the previous year: Atl\u00e9tico Bucaramanga, C\u00facuta Deportivo, Deportivo Pereira and Junior withdrew due to financial problems, Sporting de Barranquilla was dissolved, while Am\u00e9rica de Cali and Independiente Medell\u00edn return to the tournament. Atl\u00e9tico Manizales come in as the only new team. Atl\u00e9tico Nacional won the championship for first time, losing only against Boca Juniors de Cali through the tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 498]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071537-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Campeonato Profesional, League system\nEvery team played two games against each other team, one at home and one away. Teams received two points for a win and one point for a draw. If two or more teams were tied on points, places were determined by goal difference. The team with the most points is the champion of the league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 42], "content_span": [43, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071538-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Canada Cup\nThe 1954 Canada Cup took place August 20\u201322 at the Laval-sur-le-Lac Golf Club in Laval, Quebec, Canada. It was the second Canada Cup event, which became the World Cup in 1967. The tournament was a 72-hole stroke play team event with 25 teams. Each team consisted of two players from a country. The combined score of each team determined the team results.18 holes were played on the first two days with 36 holes played on the final day. The Australian team of Kel Nagle and Peter Thomson won by four strokes over the Argentine team of Antonio Cerd\u00e1 and Roberto De Vicenzo. Canadian Stan Leonard had the lowest individual score with 275, two strokes ahead of Peter Thomson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 687]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071538-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Canada Cup, Teams\nThe Scandinavian team consisted of a Dane, Carl Paulsen, and a Swede, Arne Werkell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 22], "content_span": [23, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071538-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Canada Cup, Scores\nThe leading individual scores were 275 by Stan Leonard and 277 by Peter Thomson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 23], "content_span": [24, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071539-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Cannes Film Festival\nThe 7th Cannes Film Festival was held from 25 March to 9 April 1954. With Jean Cocteau as President of the Jury, the Grand Prix went to the Gate of Hell by Teinosuke Kinugasa. The festival opened with Le Grand Jeu by Robert Siodmak. This was the last festival with a predominantly French jury.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071539-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Cannes Film Festival\nAs the festival was becoming more and more a pole of showbiz attraction, scandals and romances of stars were appearing in the press. In 1954, the Simone Silva affair during the Cannes Festival ended up in the destruction of her career as an actor and her premature death, three years later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071539-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Cannes Film Festival, Jury\nThe following people were appointed as the Jury of the 1954 competition:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 31], "content_span": [32, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071539-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Cannes Film Festival, Short film competition\nThe following short films competed for the various short film awards:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 49], "content_span": [50, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071540-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Caribbean Series\nThe sixth edition of the Caribbean Series (Serie del Caribe) was played in 1954. It was held from February 18 through February 23, featuring the champion baseball teams from Cuba (Alacranes del Almendares), Panama (Carta Vieja Yankees), Puerto Rico ,(Criollos de Caguas) and Venezuela (L\u00e1cteos de Pastora). L\u00e1cteos de Pastora were the champion of the Liga Occidental de B\u00e9isbol Profesional rather than the Venezuelan Professional Baseball League. The format consisted of 12 games, each team facing the other teams twice. The games were played at Sixto Escobar Stadium in San Juan, P.R..", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 608]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071540-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Caribbean Series, Summary\nPuerto Rico won the Series with a 4-2 record en route for a second straight championship (third overall). The Caguas club was managed by Mickey Owen and led by center fielder and Series MVP Jim Rivera, who posted a .400 batting average to lead the hitters. Caguas also received offensive support from 1B V\u00edctor Pellot Power (.348) and 2B Jack Cassini (.333).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071540-0001-0001", "contents": "1954 Caribbean Series, Summary\nMeanwhile, the pitching staff surrendered only 10 earned runs (2.00 ERA), being led by starters Corky Valentine (1-0, 1.00 ERA, five hits), Brooks Lawrence (1-0, 1.00, six hits) and Rub\u00e9n G\u00f3mez (1-0, 2.00, five hits), while reliever Luis Arroyo added depth coming out of the bullpen (three appearances, 1-0, 0.00, 7\u2153 innings). Puerto Rico also had Jack Sanford (P) in addition to F\u00e9lix Mantilla (SS), Charlie Neal (IF) and Luis (Canena) M\u00e1rquez.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071540-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Caribbean Series, Summary\nCuba, piloted by Bobby Bragan, had a 3-3 record to tie the second place with Panama. The Cuban squad got fine work of P Conrado Marrero (1-0, five-hit shutout),  CF Sam Chapman (.391, homerun, .609 SLG) and RF Angel Scull (.391, .522 SLG). Other roster members included Julio B\u00e9cquer (1B), Joe Hatten (P), Cholly Naranjo (P) and H\u00e9ctor Rodr\u00edguez (3B).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071540-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Caribbean Series, Summary\nPanama was managed by Al Kubski and received a heroic pitching effort by starter Victor Stryska (2-0), who allowed just one earned run in 18 innings pitched. The attack was guided by 3B Joe Tuminelli (.391) and LF Bobby Prescott (.381), in an anemic lineup who batted a collective .255 average and scored 17 runs (fewest in the Series).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071540-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Caribbean Series, Summary\nVenezuela was guided by Napole\u00f3n Reyes and finished in last place with a 2-4 record. Ram\u00f3n Monzant (1-0, 3.00) and Ralph Beard (1-0, 7.20) got the victories, while Howie Fox collected a 2.58 ERA in two appearances but lose a decision. Bad luck starter Thornton Kipper dropped two decisions, losing his duels against G\u00f3mez (PR) and Stryska (PAN), while allowing four earned runs (2.12) in 17 innings. Besides, Emilio Cueche made two strong relief appearances and allowed just one earned run in 8\u2154 innings of work. 3B Luis Garc\u00eda provided the lone offensive threat with a .348 BA and a .563 SLG, including nine RBI to lead the Series hitters. Venezuela included Ed Bailey (C), Vernon Benson (SS), Tommy Byrne (P/1B), Wally Moon (CF), Johnny Temple and rookie Luis Aparicio (SS), among others.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 821]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071541-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Carrera Panamericana\nThe 1954 Carrera Panamericana was the fifth and final running of the Carrera Panamericana Mexican sports car racing event, run from November 19-23, 1954. It was the sixth and final race of the 1954 World Sportscar Championship. The race was run from Tuxtla Guti\u00e9rrez, Chiapas, to Ciudad Ju\u00e1rez, Chihuahua, over 8 stages and 3,070 kilometres (1,910\u00a0mi). 150 cars started the race, and 85 finished all 8 stages. The race was won by Umberto Maglioli in an Erwin Goldschmidt-entered Ferrari 375 Plus. He finished the race in 17 hours, 40 minutes, and 26 seconds, averaging 173.69 kilometres per hour (107.93\u00a0mph).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 635]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071541-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Carrera Panamericana, Pre-race\nFor 1954, the Touring classes were divided into three classes, over 3,500\u00a0cc (213.6\u00a0cu\u00a0in), between 3,499 and 1,900\u00a0cc (213.5 and 115.9\u00a0cu\u00a0in), and under 1,900\u00a0cc (115.9\u00a0cu\u00a0in). The Sports classes were divided as before, over and under 1,500\u00a0cc (91.5\u00a0cu\u00a0in). This was in order to accommodate the huge number of participants and the diverse breeds of cars within the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 35], "content_span": [36, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071541-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Carrera Panamericana, Pre-race\nGoing into the race, Ferrari had already won the championship, but victory would ensure the marque would score maximum points for the season. Although no works entries were sent from Italy, there was a number of top quality entrants from both Mexico and the United States, hoping the get that victory on behalf of the Maranello concern.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 35], "content_span": [36, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071541-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Carrera Panamericana, Pre-race\nHeading into the event, pressure was mounting on Mexican government, as the annual death toll from the event caused the country to be shown in a negative light. This wasn't the kind of attention the locals wanted. It had been abundantly clear the days were numbered for the Carrera Panamericana. 1954 would be the last time the event was run in this format, although it did return as a revival event in 1988.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 35], "content_span": [36, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071541-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Carrera Panamericana, Race\nThe race was held in eight stages over a total distance of 3,070\u00a0km (1,910 miles). The race was won overall by Umberto Maglioli in a Ferrari 375 Plus. Maglioli finished the race in 17h 40' 26\", his average speed of 173.7 kilometres per hour (107.93\u00a0mph) reflected the level of professionalism and technology that led the field: the inaugural 1950 event had been won in an average speed of 111 kilometres per hour (69\u00a0mph)- and the winner had taken 10 hours longer to complete the race distance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 31], "content_span": [32, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071541-0004-0001", "contents": "1954 Carrera Panamericana, Race\nPhil Hill and Richie Ginther took second place in another Ferrari, over 24 minutes behind. The under-1500 sports car class winner Hans Herrmann finished third in his Porsche 550, a further 87 minutes behind the Americans. Ray Crawford and Enrique Iglesias won the over-3500 stock car class in a Lincoln, the European stock car class was won by Consalvo Sanesi and Giuseppe Cagna in an Alfa Romeo, and the small U.S. stock car class was won by Tommy Drisdale and Walter Krause, Jr. in a Dodge.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 31], "content_span": [32, 524]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071541-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Carrera Panamericana, Race\nA number of the sedans from the US failed to make it through the first stage of the race. The Austin-Healey 100S of Englishman, Lance Macklin struggled from ignition troubles and retired before completing the first stage. The Ferrari 375 Plus of Jack McAfee and Ford Robinson had an accident that provided the first fatality, with the death of Robinson. Sadly, there would be fatality, when Leopoldo Olvera Zabado died following an accident on the fifth stage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 31], "content_span": [32, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071541-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 Carrera Panamericana, Race\nThe Californian pairing of Hill and Ginther continued to look impressive, making it through the second stage in their Allen Guiberson-entered Ferrari 375 MM without incident and remaining close to the front of the overall standing. However, another American was not going so well: Carroll Shelby suffered an accident while driving his Austin-Healey 100S. Frustrated with his team-mate, Ray Jackson-Moore's slow pace, Shelby supposedly removed Jackson-Moore\u2019s seat and took off on his own.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 31], "content_span": [32, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071541-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 Carrera Panamericana, Race\nAs the event progressed, the list of cars remaining grew shorter and shorter. Many of the strong competitors were either out of the race, or behind the leading Ferraris of Maglioli and Hill/Ginther. The two Americans continued to chase hard to rein in solo-driving Maglioli. It was a 375 MM spyder chasing after a 375 Plus, with still a long way to go before anyone could celebrate. After 1,900 miles (3,100\u00a0km) there was very little time separating the two cars.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 31], "content_span": [32, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071541-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 Carrera Panamericana, Race\nDespite feeling the pressure, Maglioli  strengthened his grip and did not make any mistakes in the closing stages of the race, finishing nearly 25 minutes ahead of Hill and Ginther.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 31], "content_span": [32, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071541-0009-0000", "contents": "1954 Carrera Panamericana, Race\nCalifornian hot rodder Ak Miller became famous by finishing seventh overall, in his Oldsmobile-powered 1927 Ford.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 31], "content_span": [32, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071541-0010-0000", "contents": "1954 Carrera Panamericana, Race\nOnly months after its introduction in Mexico, the local distributor entered seven Volkswagen Beetles in order to prove their reliability and to make the car known. To maintain the given time bracket, they were required to keep an average speed of 50 miles per hour (80\u00a0km/h), but had achieved 61 miles per hour (98\u00a0km/h) during the reconnaissance runs, so expectations to finish inside the time limits were high. As they were using standard Volkswagen engines, the cars were driving bumper-to-bumper in order reduce air resistance as available power was limited. By the time the event got to Ciudad Ju\u00e1rez, all seven Beetles were still within the given time limit, none was disqualified, with Alfonso de Hohenlohe and Alberto \u00c1lvarez coming home in 78th place overall (7th in class), albeit, the Beetles filled seven of the last eight finishing positions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 31], "content_span": [32, 887]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071542-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Cathay Pacific Douglas DC-4 shootdown\nThe 1954 Cathay Pacific Douglas DC-4 shootdown happened on 23 July 1954, when a Cathay Pacific Airways C-54 Skymaster airliner was shot down by fighter planes of the People's Republic of China. The event occurred off the coast of Hainan Island, where the plane was en route from Bangkok to Hong Kong, killing 10 of 19 passengers and crew on board.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071542-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Cathay Pacific Douglas DC-4 shootdown\nAlthough the four-engine propeller-driven Douglas (registered VR-HEU) was a C-54 Skymaster, the incident is known as \"the DC-4 shootdown\" because the C-54 is the military version of the Douglas DC-4, and the aircraft was flying a commercial passenger run. The crew of six was headed by British captain Phil Blown, and included three female flight attendants. In all, one flight crew member, two cabin crew members and seven of the thirteen passengers were killed in the attack and subsequent crash of the airliner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071542-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Cathay Pacific Douglas DC-4 shootdown, Aircraft\nThe aircraft, registered VR-HEU, was a four-engine, propeller-driven Douglas C-54A Skymaster airliner, the military version of the Douglas DC-4 converted for civilian use.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 52], "content_span": [53, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071542-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Cathay Pacific Douglas DC-4 shootdown, Aircraft\nVR-HEU had been manufactured by the Douglas Aircraft Company with construction number 10310 and delivered to the USAAF on 16 May 1944, where it served for less than two years. It was bought on 19 February 1946 by KLM and first operated by KLM West Indies before returning to KLM main line in February 1948. It was sold to Cathay Pacific in August 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 52], "content_span": [53, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071542-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Cathay Pacific Douglas DC-4 shootdown, Flight and attack\nOn 22 July 1954, VR-HEU took off from Bangkok at 20:19 GMT after being delayed in Bangkok for an hour because of mechanical problems on its No. 2 engine. The flight was bound for Hong Kong. A previous flight had taken the plane from Singapore. For the next 4 hours and 25 minutes the routine flight proceeded as planned.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 61], "content_span": [62, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071542-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Cathay Pacific Douglas DC-4 shootdown, Flight and attack\nAt 23:40 GMT, when the DC-4 was cruising at 9,000\u00a0ft (2,700\u00a0m) and roughly 10 miles (16\u00a0km) east of the international air corridor line off Hainan Island and only 31 minutes from Hong Kong, two Lavochkin La-11 fighters of the 85th Fighter Regiment, People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF), appeared behind VR-HEU, one above it on the DC-4's starboard rear side and the other on its port side. At approximately 23:44 GMT, the fighters opened fire and the two outboard engines (numbers 1 and 4) were hit and caught fire. The number 4 engine's auxiliary and main fuel tanks were also ablaze.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 61], "content_span": [62, 653]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071542-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 Cathay Pacific Douglas DC-4 shootdown, Flight and attack\nWhile captain Phil Blown took evasive actions to avoid further damage, co-pilot Cedric Carlton issued blankets to passengers instructing them to place them on the back of their seats for protection against the bullets. Radio operator Stephen Wong made an initial distress call at 08:45 HKT (23:45 GMT): \"Kai Tak Tower, Cathay XXX, Mayday! Mayday! Mayday! No . 1 port engine on fire, losing altitude, requesting all possible assistance.\" Wong made 10 mayday calls before VR-HEU ditched. Cathay Pacific engineer G. H. Cattanach, travelling as a passenger, tried to make the passengers comfortable when it became known that the plane was going to ditch.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 61], "content_span": [62, 712]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071542-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 Cathay Pacific Douglas DC-4 shootdown, Flight and attack\nVR-HEU began losing altitude and at 5,000-foot (1,500\u00a0m), its rudder control was shot off. Travelling at 350 miles per hour (560\u00a0km/h), Blown tried his utmost to evade incendiary bullets coming from the fighters by turning the Skymaster left and right. At 2,000-foot (610\u00a0m), the right aileron was shot off and the plane began turning right on its own initiative.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 61], "content_span": [62, 425]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071542-0007-0001", "contents": "1954 Cathay Pacific Douglas DC-4 shootdown, Flight and attack\nThe captain then countered the increasing turn by shutting down the engines 1 and 2 and applying full power on engine 3. Approximately 2 minutes after the initial attack, unable to carry on a controlled levelled flight, Blown decided to ditch the Skymaster in rough open seas that included 15-foot (5\u00a0m) waves and a 25-knot (13\u00a0m/s) wind.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 61], "content_span": [62, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071542-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 Cathay Pacific Douglas DC-4 shootdown, Flight and attack\nThe starboard wingtip was the first to hit the water, severing the right wing between the number 3 and 4 engines. The impact caused the tail to break off and float off 50 yards (46\u00a0m) from the main wreckage. The main fuselage now floated at an angle of 45 degrees with the rear open fuselage pointing towards the sky.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 61], "content_span": [62, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071542-0009-0000", "contents": "1954 Cathay Pacific Douglas DC-4 shootdown, Flight and attack\nAfter the plane ditched into the ocean, the attacking fighters, flying at around 1,000-foot (300\u00a0m), ceased firing at the Skymaster, made a turn around the wreckage, and headed towards Sanya. While ten passengers and crew were killed by bullets and the subsequent ditching, nine others survived and escaped from the sinking plane. Blown and his co-pilot escaped through a broken starboard sliding window, which had water coming in fast.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 61], "content_span": [62, 498]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071542-0010-0000", "contents": "1954 Cathay Pacific Douglas DC-4 shootdown, Flight and attack\nWith all survivors floating on the water with no life vests, co-pilot Carlton suddenly noticed that a Mrs Thorburn was hanging on to a raft still in its case. Fearing the bright yellow rubber raft might attract the attention of PLAAF fighters, it took Carlton twenty minutes to finally inflate the rubber dinghy and lift all nine passengers in. Once all were on the dinghy, concern remained that the attacking planes might return; some of the dazed, injured passengers, with their clothes in shreds, hid under a plastic sunshade covering the edges of the dinghy. Although Blown and passenger Peter Thacher kept watch, the attacking planes never returned.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 61], "content_span": [62, 716]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071542-0011-0000", "contents": "1954 Cathay Pacific Douglas DC-4 shootdown, Rescue efforts\nAn Air Vietnam plane en route to Hong Kong from Hanoi, which had altered its course as a results of the calls, spotted the sinking plane and a dinghy one and a half miles from the Hainan coast. It circled for forty minutes before heading for Hong Kong.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 58], "content_span": [59, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071542-0011-0001", "contents": "1954 Cathay Pacific Douglas DC-4 shootdown, Rescue efforts\nThanks to those calls, the RAF in Hong Kong immediately redirected a Saigon-bound Vickers Valetta military transport and further despatched a Short Sunderland flying boat and an Avro York military transport, as well as two de Havilland Hornet fighters of 80 Squadron, from RAF Kai Tak to the reported position of the C-54. A fully armed French PB4Y-2 Privateer also took off from Tourane (Da Nang), French Indochina (now Vietnam) after intercepting the emergency radio call.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 58], "content_span": [59, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071542-0012-0000", "contents": "1954 Cathay Pacific Douglas DC-4 shootdown, Rescue efforts\nMeanwhile, the civilian-operated Manila rescue control centre in the Philippines, on picking up the SOS call from Wong, alerted the 31st Air Rescue Squadron of the USAF at Clark Air Force Base. Captain Jack T. Woodyard, on first alert duty that day and about to depart on a routine training mission in his Grumman SA-16 Albatross, 51-009, immediately took off. A second Albatross followed Woodyard 35 minutes later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 58], "content_span": [59, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071542-0013-0000", "contents": "1954 Cathay Pacific Douglas DC-4 shootdown, Rescue efforts\nThe Hornets were the first to arrive on the scene, followed by the Valetta, Sunderland, York and the Privateer. While the Hornets carried out a thorough search of the area for survivors, the French Privateer informed the Albatross, which was fifty miles away, \"We have spotted the dinghy with survivors; looks like two of them from here.\" The British and American planes were not able to communicate with each other as they were on different radio frequencies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 58], "content_span": [59, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071542-0014-0000", "contents": "1954 Cathay Pacific Douglas DC-4 shootdown, Rescue efforts\nCaptain Blown, on seeing the Sunderland arrive, tossed a packet of green sea dye overboard to make the dinghy easier to spot. The Sunderland acknowledged this by setting off a smoke flare but, unable to land in the atrocious conditions, had to circle helplessly for two hours until Woodyard's Albatross finally arrived; this too circled for an hour before landing on the calmer side of Dazhou Island, where it taxied towards the dinghy in rough water before pulling all survivors on board and taking off for Hong Kong, escorted by the Sunderland. AAP and Reuters reported at the time that three survivors were picked up by the Sunderland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 58], "content_span": [59, 697]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071542-0015-0000", "contents": "1954 Cathay Pacific Douglas DC-4 shootdown, Rescue efforts\nThe last passenger to be hoisted on board was the badly injured Rita Cheung, who had broken her left leg in two places and had suffered a deep gash on her forehead. She died aboard the rescue aircraft, ten minutes before the plane reached Kai Tak.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 58], "content_span": [59, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071542-0016-0000", "contents": "1954 Cathay Pacific Douglas DC-4 shootdown, Rescue efforts\nRadio operator Stephen Wong was also killed. It is believed his head was impaled on a drift meter during the ditching of the airliner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 58], "content_span": [59, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071542-0017-0000", "contents": "1954 Cathay Pacific Douglas DC-4 shootdown, Theories for the attack\nThe official line from Peking was that the Cathay Pacific airliner was mistaken as a Republic of China plane on a mission to raid a military base at Port Yulin on Hainan Island.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 67], "content_span": [68, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071542-0018-0000", "contents": "1954 Cathay Pacific Douglas DC-4 shootdown, Aftermath\nOn 26 July 1954, during the survivor search operation, two Douglas A-1 Skyraiders from the aircraft carriers USS\u00a0Philippine Sea and USS\u00a0Hornet shot down two PLAAF La-11s off the coast of Hainan Island. It is not known whether they were the same La-11s that had shot down VR-HEU.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 53], "content_span": [54, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071542-0019-0000", "contents": "1954 Cathay Pacific Douglas DC-4 shootdown, Aftermath\nThe shooting down of VR-HEU raised tension between the People's Republic of China and Britain and the US. The British Foreign Office, through its charg\u00e9 d'affaires in Peking, Humphrey Trevelyan, delivered Britain's protest to Communist China two days later. The US Secretary of State, John Foster Dulles, issued a sharp statement condemning the attack, saying the United States took the gravest view of the act of further barbarity and that the Chinese Communist regime must be held responsible.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 53], "content_span": [54, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071542-0020-0000", "contents": "1954 Cathay Pacific Douglas DC-4 shootdown, Aftermath\nThe shootdown probably harmed the PRC's chances of admission into the United Nations. US Republican Senator H. Alexander Smith interrupted a marathon debate in the Senate over atomic legislation to read Mr. Dulles's statement before calling the situation \"critical\". Republican Representative Walter Judd, a member of the House Foreign Affairs Committee, expressed the view that the incident was another reason why Communist China must not be admitted to the United Nations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 53], "content_span": [54, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071542-0021-0000", "contents": "1954 Cathay Pacific Douglas DC-4 shootdown, Aftermath\nThe PRC admitted responsibility three days later by apologising and making compensation to Cathay Pacific and the victims.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 53], "content_span": [54, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071542-0022-0000", "contents": "1954 Cathay Pacific Douglas DC-4 shootdown, Aftermath\nBlown, who had been in command of VR-HEU at the time it was shot down, was hailed as a hero. He continued flying for Cathay Pacific for three to four years after the incident, and then retired to New South Wales, Australia, where he died in a nursing home in September 2009, aged 96. Former Cathay Pacific director of flight operations, Nick Rhodes, has commented on the bravery shown by Captain Blown on that day, and commended him for the dedication he showed to ensuring the survival of his passengers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 53], "content_span": [54, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071543-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Central American and Caribbean Games\nThe 7th Central American and Caribbean Games were held in Mexico City, the capital city of Mexico. The games were held from the 5 March to the 20 March 1954, and included 1,356 athletes from twelve nations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071544-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Central Michigan Chippewas football team\nThe 1954 Central Michigan Chippewas football team represented Central Michigan College of Education, renamed Central Michigan University in 1959, in the Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (IIAC) during the 1954 college football season. In their fourth season under head coach Kenneth \"Bill\" Kelly, the Chippewas compiled an 8\u20132 record (5\u20131 against IIAC opponents), tied for the IIAC championship, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 321 to 107.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071544-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Central Michigan Chippewas football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Jim King with 399 passing yards, Jim Podoley with 1,079 rushing yards, and Jerry Thomas with 121 receiving yards. Center Dick Kackmeister received the team's most valuable player award. Four Central Michigan players (Podoley, Kackmeister, guard Ray Figg, and halfback LaVerne Wolf) received first-team honors on the All-IIAC team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071545-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Challenge Cup\nThe 1954 Challenge Cup was the 53rd staging of rugby league's oldest knockout competition, the Challenge Cup. It featured clubs from the 1953\u201354 Northern Rugby Football League season and is particularly notable for its Final, which had to be replayed at Odsal after a drawn match at Wembley, with the replay attracting possibly the largest ever crowd in world rugby league history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071545-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Challenge Cup, Final\nHalifax and Warrington, the teams who had finished first and second respectively on the Championship ladder (separated by only one competition point), reached the Challenge Cup Final Saturday 24 April 1954. The game was played at Wembley and 81,841 spectators saw what turned out to be a comparatively lacklustre match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 25], "content_span": [26, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071545-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Challenge Cup, Final\nAfter a couple of penalties, Halifax held a 4-0 lead at half time. In the second half Warrington drew level, also kicking two penalties. There was no further scoring and the match finished in a draw, at 4 - 4. This match remains the only occasion on which Wembley hasn't seen a single try scored on Cup Final day. The replay was initially scheduled for 5pm on Wednesday 5 May 1954 at Odsal Stadium, Bradford.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 25], "content_span": [26, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071545-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Challenge Cup, Final replay\nAround 70,000 spectators were expected at Odsal for the replay, which was rescheduled for a 7pm kick-off in order to allow for rush hour traffic in Bradford. The twenty trains and fifty buses, specially arranged for the match, as well as the 100 gatesmen and 150 policemen on duty at the ground, were believed to be adequate to deal with the expected crowd.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 32], "content_span": [33, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071545-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Challenge Cup, Final replay\nHowever, the competitive closeness with which the two teams were matched, together with the enticing prospect of the Challenge Cup decider coming north for the first time in a decade, seems to have generated far greater public interest than was supposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 32], "content_span": [33, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071545-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Challenge Cup, Final replay\nPeople had started queuing outside the stadium a good hour before the shuttle buses started running from 4:25pm. The gates opened at 5.00pm, and by that time some people had already been queuing for an hour and a half. With over an hour remaining before kick off there were already an estimated 60,000 in the ground. The traffic on the roads in the surrounding area was at a standstill as more and more spectators converged on the stadium. Some squatted around the pitch, while others climbed onto rooftops for a better view. Fences around the ground had collapsed, as more people struggled to cram into the bowl of Odsal before the match started.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 32], "content_span": [33, 680]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071545-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 Challenge Cup, Final replay\nThe official attendance figure for the crowd was announced as 102,575  however it is widely believed that a more realistic figure for the number of spectators present is closer to 120,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 32], "content_span": [33, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071545-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 Challenge Cup, Final replay\nThe match itself was another tense, low-scoring struggle, but an improvement on the first game. Jim Challinor opened the scoring with a try for Warrington after nine minutes. Half an hour later, Tyssul Griffiths kicked a penalty for the Halifax side, who had also had two tries disallowed. This meant a half time score of 3 - 2 in favour of Warrington.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 32], "content_span": [33, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071545-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 Challenge Cup, Final replay\nThe third quarter of the match saw additional goals kicked by both Griffiths and Harry Bath, bringing the score to 5 - 4, still just one point in favour of Warrington. Then Gerry Helme scored a try, which Bath couldn't convert, putting Warrington four points clear of Halifax, but still within a converted try. Controversy reared just before full-time, when Halifax had a third try disallowed by referee Ron Gelder. Warrington had claimed their 4th Challenge Cup, with Helme winning the Lance Todd Trophy for his match-winning performance, the first player to do so twice.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 32], "content_span": [33, 605]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071546-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Challenge Desgrange-Colombo\nThe 1954 Challenge Desgrange-Colombo was the seventh edition of the Challenge Desgrange-Colombo. It included eleven races: all the races form the 1953 edition were retained with no additions. Ferdinand K\u00fcbler won his third individual championship (although he did not win any of the races) while Belgium won the nations championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071547-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Chatham Cup\nThe 1954 Chatham Cup was the 27th annual nationwide knockout football competition in New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071547-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Chatham Cup\nThe competition was run on a regional basis, with regional associations each holding separate qualifying rounds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071547-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Chatham Cup\nTeams taking part in the final rounds are known to have included Onehunga (Auckland), Eastern Union (Gisborne), Moturoa (New Plymouth), Napier Rovers, (Hawkes Bay), Wanganui Settlers (Wanganui), Kiwi United (Manawatu), Stop Out (Lower Hutt/Wellington), Woodbourne (Marlborough), Western (Christchurch), Northern (Dunedin), Brigadiers (Southland), Mangakino (Waikato), Millerton Thistle (Buller/West Coast).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071547-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Chatham Cup, Controversial refereeing\nReferee Morrie Swain was involved in an incident in an early round of the competition held in Wellington between Apollon and Zealandia. His decisions incensed one of the teams so much that he was chased from the field and had to take shelter by locking himself in a dressing room.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 42], "content_span": [43, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071548-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Chattanooga Moccasins football team\nThe 1954 Chattanooga Moccasins football team was an American football team that represented the University of Chattanooga (now known as the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga) during the 1954 college football season. In their 24th year under head coach Scrappy Moore, the team compiled a 6\u20134 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071549-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Chicago Bears season\nThe 1954 season was the Chicago Bears' 35th in the National Football League. The team improved on their 3\u20138\u20131 record from 1953 and finished at 8\u20134 under head coach and owner George Halas, runner-up in the Western Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071549-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Chicago Bears season, Regular season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 52], "content_span": [53, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071550-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Chicago Cardinals season\nThe 1954 Chicago Cardinals season was the 35th season the team was in the league. The team improved on their previous output of 1\u201310\u20131, winning two games. They failed to qualify for the playoffs for the sixth consecutive season. The Cardinals became the first NFL team in history to concede 30 or more points in each of its first five games in a season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071550-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Chicago Cardinals season, Schedule, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 50], "content_span": [51, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071551-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Chicago Cubs season\nThe 1954 Chicago Cubs season was the 83rd season of the Chicago Cubs franchise, the 79th in the National League and the 39th at Wrigley Field. The Cubs finished seventh in the National League with a record of 64\u201390.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071551-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 69], "content_span": [70, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071551-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 62], "content_span": [63, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071551-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 67], "content_span": [68, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071551-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 64], "content_span": [65, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071551-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 65], "content_span": [66, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071551-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 Chicago Cubs season, Farm system\nLEAGUE CHAMPIONS: Des Moines, BlackwellTar Heel League disbanded, June 21, 1954", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071552-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Chicago White Sox season\nThe 1954 Chicago White Sox season was the team's 54th season in the major leagues, and its 55th season overall. They finished with a record 94\u201360, good enough for third place in the American League, 17 games behind the first place Cleveland Indians.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071552-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Batting\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; R = Runs scored; H = Hits; 2B = Doubles; 3B = Triples; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in; BB = Base on balls; SO = Strikeouts; AVG = Batting average; SB = Stolen bases", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 52], "content_span": [53, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071552-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Pitching\nNote: W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; G = Games pitched; GS = Games started; SV = Saves; IP = Innings pitched; H = Hits allowed; R = Runs allowed; ER = Earned runs allowed; HR = Home runs allowed; BB = Walks allowed; K = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 53], "content_span": [54, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071553-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Chico State Wildcats football team\nThe 1954 Chico State Wildcats football team represented Chico State College during the 1954 college football season. Chico State competed in the Far Western Conference in 1954. They played home games at Chico High School in Chico, California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071553-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Chico State Wildcats football team\nThe 1954 Wildcats were led by first-year head coach Gus Manolis, who had previously spent four years as the head football coach at Yuba Junior College. The team operated from a \"California T\" formation and had between 18 and 20 returning lettermen, including end George Maderos and halfback Frank Ferraiuolo.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071553-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Chico State Wildcats football team\nChico State finished the season with a record of seven wins and two losses (7\u20132, 5\u20131 FWC). The Wildcats outscored their opponents 194\u2013108 for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071553-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Chico State Wildcats football team, Team players in the NFL\nThe following Chico State players were selected in the 1955 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 64], "content_span": [65, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071554-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Chlef earthquake\nThe 1954 Chlef earthquake struck Chlef Province in Algeria on September 9 at 02:04:43 local time. The shock measured 6.7 on the moment magnitude scale and had a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme). It destroyed Chlef, then named Orl\u00e9ansville, leaving over 1,243 people dead and 5,000 injured. Damage was estimated at $6 million. It was followed by multiple aftershocks. Algeria faces annual earthquakes and has undergone several changes to its earthquake building codes since its first earthquake engineering regulations from 1717.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071554-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Chlef earthquake, Geology\nPowerful earthquakes strike Algeria annually, ranging in Mercalli intensity scale intensity from VI (Strong) to XI (Extreme). Chlef was hit by another major earthquake in 1980 which killed 3,500 people. The Atlas Mountains area faces aseismic deformation (change in shape not originating from movement of faults), with only marginal plate shifting each year. Both Chlef earthquakes originated from the same reverse fault zone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071554-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Chlef earthquake, Geology\nThe 1954 earthquake measured 6.7 on the moment magnitude scale according to the International Seismological Centre and had a depth of 15\u00a0km (9.3\u00a0mi). There is evidence of crustal shortening along a NW-SE trend near the epicenter, but the structure of any faults is poorly understood. Because Algeria has a thin shelf and a steep coastal slope, submarine landslides are quite common, especially during earthquakes. During the 1954 earthquake, five underwater telephone cables in the Mediterranean Sea were cut by an avalanche, three recording the exact time of impact.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 598]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071554-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Chlef earthquake, Damage and casualties\nShaking extended west to Mostaganem, south to Tiaret, and east to Tizi Ouzou, and many aftershocks followed the earthquake, including a major tremor at 22:18 UTC on September 16 which further damaged Orleansville. The main shock ruptured 16\u00a0km (9.9\u00a0mi) of rock, ripping faults and creating visible fissures in the ground along the Dahra Massif. Survivors described a sensation of rotating along an axis and that the rubble reminded them of \"bombed cities in Europe.\" The United States Geological Survey lists the 1954 quake among the deadliest earthquakes in history. Agence France-Presse (AFP) reported that it was the worst earthquake in North African history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 44], "content_span": [45, 707]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071554-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Chlef earthquake, Aftermath\nOrl\u00e9ansville was devastated by the earthquake; a fifth of it wholly destroyed, it was rebuilt and renamed El Asnam and later Chlef. While Algeria had set earthquake resistance regulations as early as 1717, it was the 1954 earthquake that ushered in fully comprehensive reforms for seismic-resistant design.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 32], "content_span": [33, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071555-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Cincinnati Bearcats football team\nThe 1954 Cincinnati Bearcats football team represented the University of Cincinnati as an independent during the 1954 college football season. In their sixth and final season under head coach Sid Gillman, the Bearcats compiled an 8\u20132 record and outscored opponents by a total of 249 to 107.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071555-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Cincinnati Bearcats football team\nThe 1953 team ended its season on a winning streak, and the 1954 team extended the streak to 16 games. The team reached No. 12 in the AP Poll before losing to Wichita on November 14, 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071555-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Cincinnati Bearcats football team\nJoe Miller led the team with 717 rushing yards (an average of 7.54 yards per carry) and 66 points scored on 11 rushing touchdowns. The team's other statistical leaders included Mike Murphy with 764 passing yards and Ferd Maccioli with 179 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071555-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Cincinnati Bearcats football team\nIn January 1955, the team's head coach, Sid Gillman, resigned to become the head coach of the Los Angeles Rams in the National Football League. In six years at Cincinnati, Gillman compiled a 50\u201313\u20131 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071556-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Cincinnati Redlegs season\nThe 1954 Cincinnati Redlegs season was a season in American baseball. The team finished fifth in the National League with a record of 74\u201380, 23 games behind the New York Giants.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071556-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Cincinnati Redlegs season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 75], "content_span": [76, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071556-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Cincinnati Redlegs season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 68], "content_span": [69, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071556-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Cincinnati Redlegs season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071556-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Cincinnati Redlegs season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071556-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Cincinnati Redlegs season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 71], "content_span": [72, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071556-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 Cincinnati Redlegs season, Farm system\nMaryville-Alcoa franchise transferred to Morristown, June 19, 1954; Morristown club folded, July 7", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 43], "content_span": [44, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071557-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Claxton Shield\nThe 1954 Claxton Shield was the 15th annual Claxton Shield, and was held in Melbourne. The participants were South Australia, New South Wales, Victoria, Western Australia and Queensland. The series was won by Victoria, defeating previous champions New South Wales 6\u20135, claiming their fourth Shield title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071558-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Clemson Tigers football team\nThe 1954 Clemson Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Clemson College in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) during the 1954 college football season. In its 15th season under head coach Frank Howard, the team compiled a 5\u20135 record (1\u20132 against conference opponents), finished fifth in the ACC, and outscored opponents by a total of 193 to 121. The team played its home games at Memorial Stadium in Clemson, South Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071558-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Clemson Tigers football team\nBuck George, Scott Jackson, Mark Kane, and Clyde White were the team captains. The team's statistical leaders included quarterback Don King with 468 passing yards, halfback Joel Wells with 352 rushing yards, and halfback Jim Coleman with 31 points (5 touchdowns, 1 extra point).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071558-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Clemson Tigers football team\nThree Clemson players were also named to the 1954 All-South Carolina football team: back Don King, end Scott Jackson, and tackle Clyde White.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071559-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Cleveland Browns season\nThe 1954 Cleveland Browns season was the team's fifth season with the National Football League. The Browns' defense became the first defense in the history of the NFL to lead the league in fewest rushing yards allowed, fewest passing yards allowed, and fewest total yards allowed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071559-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Cleveland Browns season\nThe Browns were 9\u20133 in the regular season and won the Eastern Conference. They hosted the NFL Championship Game, and met the two-time defending champion Detroit Lions for the third straight year. This year's result was different, as the Browns won with a 56\u201310 blowout.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071559-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Cleveland Browns season\nThe teams had met on the same field the previous week, in a meaningless game won 14\u201310 by the Lions. Both teams had already clinched their respective conference titles; it was postponed from early October due to the World Series. After the win, Detroit was a slight favorite for the title game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071559-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Cleveland Browns season, Offseason\nDefensive Back Don Paul arrived via a trade with the Washington Redskins, who acquired him from the Chicago Cardinals. Upon his arrival in Washington, he fell in disfavor with George Preston Marshall of the Redskins.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 39], "content_span": [40, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071559-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Cleveland Browns season, Offseason\nIn January 1954, assistant coach Weeb Ewbank departed to become head coach of the Baltimore Colts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 39], "content_span": [40, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071559-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Cleveland Browns season, Offseason, NFL Draft\nThe 1954 NFL Draft was one of the biggest busts in the team's history. With the first overall pick in the draft, the Browns selected quarterback Bobby Garrett out of Stanford University. The plan was that he would be the heir to Otto Graham. Garrett suffered from a stuttering problem which hindered his performance in the huddle. Eventually, Garrett was traded to the Green Bay Packers in exchange for Babe Parilli, although Parilli would not play for the Browns until 1956. Later in the first round, the club selected John Bauer, who never played for the Browns and only played in two NFL games in his career.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 50], "content_span": [51, 662]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071559-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 Cleveland Browns season, Roster\n54 Tony Adamle (LB)38 Maurice Bassett (FB)46 Billy Reynolds (RB, DB)32 Fred Morrison44 Chet Hanulak", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071559-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 Cleveland Browns season, Roster\n26 Ray Renfro56 Dante Lavelli40 Dub Jones (WB, DB, RB, KR)94 Don Phelps (KR, PR)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071559-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 Cleveland Browns season, Roster\n74 Mike McCormack LT (DL)76 Lou Groza RT (K) 64 Abe Gibron G/C65 Chuck Noll RG 52 Frank Gatski C 62 Herschel Forester78 John Sandusky60 Harold Bradley", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071559-0009-0000", "contents": "1954 Cleveland Browns season, Roster\n82 Carlton Massey DE 70 Don Colo DE79 Bob Gain DL (T)83 Doug Atkins DE80 Len Ford DE79 Don King DL 72 John Kissell DE", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071559-0010-0000", "contents": "1954 Cleveland Browns season, Roster\n65 Chuck Noll LB (G, C)54 Tom Catlin (C)34 Walt Michaels54 Tony Adamle", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071559-0011-0000", "contents": "1954 Cleveland Browns season, Roster\n42 Tommy James 20 Don Paul22 Ken Konz DB15 Ken Gorgal DB", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 93]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071559-0012-0000", "contents": "1954 Cleveland Browns season, Roster\n76 Lou Groza K (RT) 84 Horace Gillom P (DE)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 80]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071559-0013-0000", "contents": "1954 Cleveland Browns season, Regular season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 55], "content_span": [56, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071560-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Cleveland Hill School District fire\nThe 1954 Cleveland Hill school fire was a fire and explosion that occurred on March 31, 1954 at the Cleveland Hill Union Free School District's elementary school facility annex in Cheektowaga, New York. The eight classroom wooden annex was added onto the existing brick school building to accommodate the influx of new students resulting from the \"Baby Boom\" following World War II.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071560-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Cleveland Hill School District fire, Incident\nThere was a sixth grade music class being held in the annex at the time of the explosion and fire which claimed the lives of 15 sixth-grade students along with injuring 19 students, three teachers and the school's principal. A student survivor later recounted he remembered a loud noise, followed seconds later by a doorway full of raging flames and pure panic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 50], "content_span": [51, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071560-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Cleveland Hill School District fire, Incident\nMany students perished because they were unable to open the windows that were either locked or stuck. When the glass was broken to provide an avenue of escape they were cut trying to fit through the small size of the window panes. The cause of the fire was never determined but it may have been caused by a defective furnace that had been leaking fumes or possibly spontaneous combustion inside a storage closet.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 50], "content_span": [51, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071560-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Cleveland Hill School District fire, Victims\nOf the 15 deceased victims, ten never made it out of the fire while the other five died due to their injuries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 49], "content_span": [50, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071560-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Cleveland Hill School District fire, Victims\nAmong those who survived but suffered severe burns was American folk musician Jackson C. Frank. The treatment of the burn victims from this fire was cited in later medical journals. Yet while many victims received high quality medical care, many highlighted how unprepared medical professionals, teachers, parents and friends were to deal with the tragedy and the magnitude of it and were often uncomfortable trying to discuss it.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 49], "content_span": [50, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071560-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Cleveland Hill School District fire, Aftermath\nThe annex facility was made entirely of wood and following the disaster there was a movement to introduce building codes that prohibited wooden buildings from housing schools. Other changes that came about because of the fire were fire drills, rules regarding window type and size, school construction methods and school communications with fire departments.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 51], "content_span": [52, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071561-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Cleveland Indians season\nThe 1954 Cleveland Indians advanced to the World Series for the first time in six years. It was the team's third American League championship in franchise history. The Indians' 111\u201343 record is the all-time record for winning percentage by an American League team (.721), as this was before 162 games were played in a season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071561-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Cleveland Indians season\nFor more than 60 years, Cleveland had been the only team in Major League Baseball to have compiled two different 11-game winning streaks within the same season, until the Toronto Blue Jays were able to accomplish the rare feat during the 2015 regular season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071561-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Cleveland Indians season\nHowever, their great regular-season record would not be enough to win the World Series, as the Indians got swept in four games by the New York Giants, after which the Indians would not return to the Fall Classic until 1995.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071561-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 74], "content_span": [75, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071561-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 67], "content_span": [68, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071561-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071561-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 70], "content_span": [71, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071561-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 Cleveland Indians season, 1954 World Series\nThis was the first time (and only to date) that the Cleveland Indians were swept in a World Series. The only highlight for the Indians was that they kept the Yankees from winning their sixth straight series. The last time the Yankees had not won the series or pennant beforehand was 1948, when, again, the Indians kept them out (although that year, they won the Series). It was also the only World Series from 1949 to 1958 which did not feature the Yankees.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 48], "content_span": [49, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071561-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 Cleveland Indians season, 1954 World Series, Game 1\nSeptember 29, 1954, at the Polo Grounds in New York", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071561-0009-0000", "contents": "1954 Cleveland Indians season, 1954 World Series, Game 2\nSeptember 30, 1954, at the Polo Grounds in New York", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071561-0010-0000", "contents": "1954 Cleveland Indians season, Composite Box\n1954 World Series (4\u20130): New York Giants (N.L.) over Cleveland Indians (A.L.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 44], "content_span": [45, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071561-0011-0000", "contents": "1954 Cleveland Indians season, Farm system\nThe 1954 Indianapolis Indians featured Herb Score and Rocky Colavito. Colavito hit 38 home runs and accumulated 116 RBIs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 42], "content_span": [43, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071562-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Colgate Red Raiders football team\nThe 1954 Colgate Red Raiders football team was an American football team that represented Colgate University as an independent during the 1954 college football season. In its third season under head coach Hal Lahar, the team compiled a 5\u20132\u20132 record and outscored opponents by a total of 141 to 117. Richard Lalla was the team captain. The team played its home games at Colgate Athletic Field in Hamilton, New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071563-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 College Baseball All-America Team\nAn All-American team is an honorary sports team composed of the best amateur players of a specific season for each team position\u2014who in turn are given the honorific \"All-America\" and typically referred to as \"All-American athletes\", or simply \"All-Americans\". Although the honorees generally do not compete together as a unit, the term is used in U.S. team sports to refer to players who are selected by members of the national media. Walter Camp selected the first All-America team in the early days of American football in 1889.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 569]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071563-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 College Baseball All-America Team\nFrom 1947 to 1980, the American Baseball Coaches Association was the only All-American selector recognized by the NCAA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071564-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 College Football All-America Team\nThe 1954 College Football All-America team is composed of college football players who were selected as All-Americans by various organizations and writers that chose College Football All-America Teams in 1954. The eight selectors recognized by the NCAA as \"official\" for the 1954 season are (1) the All-America Board (AAB), (2) the American Football Coaches Association (AFCA), (3) the Associated Press (AP), (4) the Football Writers Association of America (FWAA), (5) the International News Service (INS), (6) the Newspaper Enterprise Association (NEA), (7) the Sporting News (SN), and (8) the United Press (UP).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 652]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071564-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 College Football All-America Team\nWisconsin's fullback Alan Ameche won the Heisman Trophy in 1954 as the best player in college football and was a unanimous first-team selection by all eight official selectors. Three other players were unanimous choices among the official selectors: Notre Dame's quarterback Ralph Guglielmi; Ohio State's halfback Howard \"Hopalong\" Cassady; and Arkansas' guard Bud Brooks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071564-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 College Football All-America Team, Consensus All-Americans\nFor the year 1954, the NCAA recognizes eight published All-American teams as \"official\" designations for purposes of its consensus determinations. The following chart identifies the NCAA-recognized consensus All-Americans and displays which first-team designations they received.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 63], "content_span": [64, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071565-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Colorado A&M Aggies football team\nThe 1954 Colorado A&M Aggies football team represented Colorado State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts in the Skyline Conference during the 1954 college football season. In their eighth season under head coach Bob Davis, the Aggies compiled a 3\u20137 record (3\u20134 against Skyline opponents), finished sixth in the Skyline Conference, and were outscored by opponents by a total of 248 to 93.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071566-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Colorado Buffaloes football team\nThe 1954 Colorado Buffaloes football team was an American football team that represented the University of Colorado during the 1954 college football season. Head coach Dallas Ward led the team to a 3\u20132\u20131 mark in the \"Big 7\" and 7\u20132\u20131 overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071567-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Colorado gubernatorial election\nThe 1954 Colorado gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1954. Democratic nominee Edwin C. Johnson defeated Republican nominee Donald G. Brotzman with 53.56% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071568-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Columbia Lions football team\nThe 1954 Columbia Lions football team was an American football team that represented Columbia University as an independent during the 1954 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071568-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Columbia Lions football team\nIn their 25th season under head coach Lou Little, the Lions compiled a 1\u20138 record, and were outscored 306 to 71. Neil Opdyke was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071568-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Columbia Lions football team\nColumbia played its home games at Baker Field in Upper Manhattan, in New York City.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071569-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Connecticut Huskies football team\nThe 1954 Connecticut Huskies football team represented the University of Connecticut in the 1954 college football season. The Huskies were led by third year head coach Bob Ingalls, and completed the season with a record of 1\u20138.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071570-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Connecticut gubernatorial election\nThe 1954 Connecticut gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1954. Democratic nominee Abraham Ribicoff narrowly defeated incumbent Republican John Davis Lodge with 49.50% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071571-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Constitution of the People's Republic of China\nThe 1954 Constitution of the People's Republic of China was adopted and enacted on September 20, 1954, through the first session of the First National People\u2019s Congress in Beijing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071571-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Constitution of the People's Republic of China, Introduction\nThis constitution was published based upon 2 documents: one is \u201cThe Common Program of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPCPCC)\u201d, and the other one is \u201cThe Organic Law of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China\u201d. The Constitution of 1954 was the first constitution of socialism in China.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 65], "content_span": [66, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071571-0001-0001", "contents": "1954 Constitution of the People's Republic of China, Introduction\nIn the constitution of 1954, it includes the Preamble, four chapters, 106 articles, and it defines \u201cthe national flag of People\u2019s Republic of China is a red flag with 5 stars\u201d (Art 104); \u201cthe national emblem of the People\u2019s Republic of China is: in the centre, Tien An Men under the light of five stars, and encircled by ears of grain and a cogwheel.\u201d (Art 105); and \u201cthe capital of People\u2019s Republic of China is Peking.\u201d (Art 106). During the development of socialism, the Constitution of 1954 stipulated the task for the ongoing Chinese Communist state. Compared with the Constitution of 1949, the constitution of 1954 narrowed the definition of the regime in China. Under this situation, China finally became a Communist country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 65], "content_span": [66, 798]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071571-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Constitution of the People's Republic of China, Introduction\nOn the eve of the Cultural Revolution, Liu Shaoqi, then the PRC President, fell victim to the Constitution itself. Although constitutionally Liu could not be removed, the force of the dawning Cultural Revolution was too great, and Liu had to leave the Presidency behind.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 65], "content_span": [66, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071571-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Constitution of the People's Republic of China, Introduction\nThe 1954 Constitution was replaced in the midst of the Cultural Revolution by the 1975 Constitution of the People's Republic of China. Books published in the PRC since the 1980s regarded the 1975 and 1978 promulgations of the Constitutions as ones with \"serious errors\". In the 1954 Constitution, the President of the People's Republic of China (PRC) could convene Supreme National Meetings\u2014emergency meetings. This Presidential right was never seen again in later promulgations of the Chinese constitution.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 65], "content_span": [66, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071571-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Constitution of the People's Republic of China, Summary of the constitution of 1954\nThe first chapter in the Constitution of 1954 includes 20 articles and it deals with the general issue of defining social and economic structure. In the first chapter, it gave the primary definition of \u201cthe nature of regime, the structure of ownership, people\u2019s property rights and so on.\u201d Heavily considering the state of the country at the time, the first part of the constitution emphasized the equality between the Han nationality and the other fifty-six minority nationalities.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 88], "content_span": [89, 571]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071571-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Constitution of the People's Republic of China, Summary of the constitution of 1954\nThe second chapter consists of 64 articles; this part stipulated the relationship between \u201cthe national people\u2019s congress (NPC), Chairman of China, State Council, and the local people\u2019s congress, the local people\u2019s councils\u201d with \u201cthe Organs of self-government of National Autonomous Areas, the people\u2019s courts and the people\u2019s Procuratorates\u201d.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 88], "content_span": [89, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071571-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 Constitution of the People's Republic of China, Summary of the constitution of 1954\nThe third chapter indicates rights and duties of the country\u2019s citizen. It guarantees the equality of each citizen and it prohibits racial discrimination and oppression. This chapter consists of 19 articles and it protects a citizen\u2019s customs, habits and religious beliefs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 88], "content_span": [89, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071571-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 Constitution of the People's Republic of China, Summary of the constitution of 1954\nThe last chapter, which is the fourth chapter, stipulates the national flag, the national emblem and the capital of PRC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 88], "content_span": [89, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071571-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 Constitution of the People's Republic of China, Comments, Positive\nThe Constitution of 1954 concluded the historical experience that was obtained from the Chinese revolution and it fully reflects the situation of Chinese history and the feature of the transition period. The enactment of the constitution set the initial foundation of developing the Democratic socialism and the socialist legal system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 71], "content_span": [72, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071571-0009-0000", "contents": "1954 Constitution of the People's Republic of China, Comments, Negative\nThe Constitution of 1954, while it helps China take a good step forward, it has fatal flaws at a conceptual level and eventually began to hinder China\u2019s growth. The principle of \u201cControl from the top\u201d was extending the supervisory system and enhancing the government\u2019s authority and power. To some aspects, it limits citizen\u2019s freedom.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 71], "content_span": [72, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071572-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Convention travel document\nA 1954 Convention travel document is a travel document, unlike a Stateless travel document (stateless person by a signatory to the 1954 Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons), issued to a person in circumstances of any difficulties in gaining a travel document from their country of origin. The cover bears the words travel document in English and French (and often in the language of the issuing state) along with the date of the convention, but does not bear the two stripes appearing in the upper right corner of the front cover of refugee travel documents. However, some countries such as Australia and Japan issues stateless persons travel documents with other names such as Certificate of Identity or Re-entry Permit, etc., regardless of whether the country is a contracting state of 1954 Convention.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 855]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071573-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Copa M\u00e9xico Final\nThe 1954 Copa M\u00e9xico Final was the final match of the 1953\u201354 Copa M\u00e9xico. It was played at Estadio Ol\u00edmpico de la Ciudad de los Deportes in Mexico City, Mexico, on May 12 1954. Am\u00e9rica beat Guadalajara 3\u20132 on penalties after the match finished 1\u20131 after extra time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071573-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Copa M\u00e9xico Final\nThis was the first cup title for Am\u00e9rica in the professional era of Mexican football. The match is considered as a very important moment in the history of the Am\u00e9rica-Guadalajara rivalry, since it was the first cup final contested by both sides.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071573-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Copa M\u00e9xico Final, Background\nThe 1953\u201354 Copa M\u00e9xico was played in two stages: the group stage with three groups of four teams each, each group winner would qualify to the final stage, where the three group winners would play one match against each other to define the champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071573-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Copa M\u00e9xico Final, Background\nAtlante, Am\u00e9rica and Guadalajara won their groups and advanced to the final stage, played at the Estadio Ol\u00edmpico de la Ciudad de los Deportes in Mexico City. Am\u00e9rica and Guadalajara defeated Atlante in their respective matches. The game between Am\u00e9rica and Guadalajara was a tie, therefore, both teams ended with three points each (one win and one draw), and since the two squads had the same goal difference, it was decided that a playoff match would take place to define the champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 522]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071573-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Copa M\u00e9xico Final, Match, Summary\nThe game ended in a tie after 90 minutes of regular time with no goals for any side. The most relevant incident was a brawl between Am\u00e9rica's goalkeeper Manuel Camacho and Guadalajara's midfielder Javier de la Torre that resulted in Camacho being sent off. Since rules did not observe substitutions at the time, America's striker Eduardo Gonz\u00e1lez Palmer replaced Camacho.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 38], "content_span": [39, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071573-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Copa M\u00e9xico Final, Match, Summary\nAt the end of regulation, two periods of overtime, each one of 15 minutes, where played. Just two minutes in overtime, Guadalajara's Arellano scored the first goal for his team. With 10 minutes remaining, Jos\u00e9 Santiago tied the game for Am\u00e9rica after scoring a penalty provoked by defender Pedro Nu\u00f1o, who touched the ball with his hands inside the penalty area.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 38], "content_span": [39, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071573-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 Copa M\u00e9xico Final, Match, Summary\nWith the game tied again, two more periods of overtime, each one of 10 minutes, were played. No squad was able to score and with the score still tied, a series of penalties was kicked.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 38], "content_span": [39, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071573-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 Copa M\u00e9xico Final, Match, Summary\nEach team had to choose only one player to kick three penalties. Am\u00e9rica picked Argentine striker Emilio Fizel and Juan Jasso was the striker for Guadalajara. Fizel scored all the three penalties. Jasso scored his first and third shots, but missed the second penalty, that was stopped by the game's hero, Eduardo Gonz\u00e1lez Palmer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 38], "content_span": [39, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071574-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Copa del General\u00edsimo\nThe 1954 Copa del General\u00edsimo was the 52nd staging of the Spanish Cup. The competition began on 2 May 1954 and concluded on 20 June 1954 with the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071575-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Copa del General\u00edsimo Final\nThe Copa del General\u00edsimo 1954 Final was the 52nd final of the King's Cup. The final was played at Estadio Chamart\u00edn in Madrid, on 20 June 1954, being won by Valencia CF, who beat CF Barcelona 3-0.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071576-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Copa del General\u00edsimo Juvenil\nThe 1954 Copa del General\u00edsimo Juvenil was the fourth staging of the tournament. The competition began on May 9, 1954, and ended on June 20, 1954, with the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071577-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship\nThe 1954 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship was the 45th staging of the Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1909.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071577-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship\nGlen Rovers won the championship following a 4-07 to 4-02 defeat of Ballymartle in the final. This was their second championship title overall and their first title since 1925.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071578-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Cork Senior Football Championship\nThe 1954 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 66th staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071578-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Cork Senior Football Championship\nOn 3 October 1954, St. Nicholas' won the championship following a 2-11 to 0-03 defeat of Clonakilty in the final. This was their third championship title and their first title since 1941.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071579-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Cork Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1954 Cork Senior Hurling Championship was the 66th staging of the Cork Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887. The draw for the opening round of the championship took place at the Cork Convention on 24 January 1954. The championship began on 28 March 1954 and ended on 26 September 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071579-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Cork Senior Hurling Championship\nOn 26 September 1954, Glen Rovers won the championship following a 3-7 to 3-2 defeat of Blackrock in the final. This was their 15th championship title overall and their second title in succession.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071580-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Cornell Big Red football team\nThe 1954 Cornell Big Red football team was an American football team that represented Cornell University as an independent during the 1954 college football season. In its eighth season under head coach George K. James, the team compiled a 5\u20134 record and outscored its opponents 194 to 153. Guy Bedrossian was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071580-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Cornell Big Red football team\nCornell played its home games at Schoellkopf Field in Ithaca, New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071581-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Cotton Bowl Classic\nThe 1954 Cotton Bowl Classic, part of the 1953 bowl game season, took place on January 1, 1954, at the Cotton Bowl in Dallas, Texas. The competing teams were the Alabama Crimson Tide, representing the Southeastern Conference (SEC) as conference champions, and the Rice Owls, representing the Southwest Conference (SWC) as conference co-champions. Rice won the game 28\u20136, but its victory was overshadowed by Alabama's Tommy Lewis and his \"12th man tackle\" of Rice running back Dicky Moegle in the second quarter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 536]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071581-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Cotton Bowl Classic, Teams, Alabama\nThe 1953 Alabama squad won only six games all year, and only four of seven conference games. However, the other three conference games were ties, and a 4\u20130\u20133 record was good enough to win Alabama the SEC title. It was 'Bama's first conference championship since 1945 and last until 1961. Following their victory over Auburn in the Iron Bowl to clinch the conference championship, Alabama accepted an invitation to play in the Cotton Bowl on New Year's Day. The appearance was the second for Alabama in the Cotton Bowl, as they defeated Texas A&M 29\u201321 in the 1942 game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 40], "content_span": [41, 610]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071581-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Cotton Bowl Classic, Teams, Rice\nRice accepted a bid for the Cotton Bowl following their 41\u201319 victory over Baylor to clinch a share of the conference championship with Texas. The appearance marked the third for Rice in the Cotton Bowl, as they defeated Colorado 28\u201314 in the 1938 game and North Carolina 27\u201313 in the 1950 game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071581-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Cotton Bowl Classic, Game summary\nAfter trading punts on the opening pair of offensive possessions, midway through the first quarter Alabama's Bart Starr intercepted a LeRoy Fenstemaker pass and returned it to the Rice 48-yard line. On the ensuing possession, Alabama scored its only points of the contest after Tommy Lewis capped the drive with a two-yard touchdown run and a 6\u20130 lead. Rice responded with a trio of long touchdown runs by Dicky Moegle to take a 21\u20136 lead into the fourth quarter. Moegle's first score came on a 79-yard run on the first play of the second quarter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 586]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071581-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Cotton Bowl Classic, Game summary\nMidway through the second, Moegle was awarded a touchdown on one of the more infamous plays in college football history. After taking the handoff from quarterback LeRoy Fenstemaker, Moegle broke free for what was to be a deemed 95-yard touchdown run. In what was dubbed the \"12th man tackle,\" Alabama running back Tommy Lewis left the Alabama bench, entered the field of play and tackled Moegle at the Alabama 42-yard line, apparently believing that even if the 5-yard penalty for illegal participation were enforced, his illegal move would have still stopped the score.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071581-0004-0001", "contents": "1954 Cotton Bowl Classic, Game summary\nHowever, referee Cliff Shaw instead awarded Moegle a 95-yard touchdown on the play under the palpably unfair act rule, which accounts for situations when a flagrant rule violation prevents a player from scoring by awarding the score anyway. As humorously reported in the Reading Eagle, \"The incident became the first in bowl game history where a man on the bench tackled a runner, and also the first where a runner received credit for a touchdown while flat on his back 38 [sic] yards from the goal line.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071581-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Cotton Bowl Classic, Game summary\nMoegle's final touchdown came in the third quarter on a 37-yard run to cap a 67-yard drive for the Owls. For the game, Moegle rushed for 265 yards on 11 carries for an average of 24.1 yards per attempt. Rice scored the final points of the game early in the fourth quarter when Buddy Grantham rushed 7-yards for a touchdown to cap a 75-yard drive and bring the final score to 28\u20136.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071582-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 County Championship\nThe 1954 County Championship was the 55th officially organised running of the County Championship. Surrey won the Championship title for the third successive year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071583-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Coupe de France Final\nThe 1954 Coupe de France Final was a football match held at Stade Olympique Yves-du-Manoir, Colombes on May 23, 1954, that saw OGC Nice defeat Olympique de Marseille 2\u20131 thanks to goals by Victor Nuremberg and Luis Carniglia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071584-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Crit\u00e9rium du Dauphin\u00e9 Lib\u00e9r\u00e9\nThe 1954 Crit\u00e9rium du Dauphin\u00e9 Lib\u00e9r\u00e9 was the 8th edition of the cycle race and was held from 12 June to 20 June 1954. The race started and finished in Grenoble. The race was won by Nello Lauredi.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071585-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Croydon East by-election\nThe Croydon East by-election  was held on 30 September 1954 after the death of the incumbent Conservative MP, Herbert Williams. It was won by the Conservative candidate John Hughes-Hallett.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071586-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Cuban general election\nGeneral elections were held in Cuba on 1 November 1954. Fulgencio Batista won the presidential election running under the National Progressive Coalition banner, whilst the main opposition candidate, Ram\u00f3n Grau, withdrew his candidacy before election day. Progressive Action Party emerged as the largest party in the House of Representatives, winning 60 of the 130 seats. Voter turnout was 52.4%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071587-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Cup of the Ukrainian SSR\nThe 1954 Ukrainian Cup was a football knockout competition conducting by the Football Federation of the Ukrainian SSR and was known as the Ukrainian Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071587-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Cup of the Ukrainian SSR, Teams, Non-participating teams\nThe Ukrainian teams of masters did not take part in the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 61], "content_span": [62, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071588-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei\nThe 1954 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei was the 17th edition of Romania's most prestigious football cup competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071588-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei\nThe trophy was won by Metalul Re\u0219i\u021ba for the first time in history. It was also the first time when a team from the second division of Romanian football won the trophy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071588-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei, Format\nIn the first round proper, two pots were made, first pot with Divizia A teams and other teams till 16 and the second pot with the rest of teams qualified in this phase. First pot teams will play away. Each tie is played as a single leg.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 26], "content_span": [27, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071588-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei, Format\nIf a match is drawn after 90 minutes, the game goes in extra time, and if the scored is still tight after 120 minutes, the team who plays away will qualify.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 26], "content_span": [27, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071588-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei, Format\nIn case the teams are from same city, there a replay will be played.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 26], "content_span": [27, 95]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071588-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei, Format\nIn case the teams play in the final, there a replay will be played.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 26], "content_span": [27, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071588-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei, Format\nFrom the first edition, the teams from Divizia A entered in competition in sixteen finals, rule which remained till today.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 26], "content_span": [27, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071588-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei, Divizia A Teams\nThe following list represent the teams who played in 1954 Divizia A, which qualified directly in sixteen finals or first round proper.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 35], "content_span": [36, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071588-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei, Divizia A Teams\nFlamura Ro\u015fie Arad CCA Bucure\u0219ti Dinamo Bucure\u0219ti Locomotiva Timi\u015foara \u015etiin\u0163a Cluj \u0218tiin\u021ba Timi\u0219oara Flac\u0103ra Ploie\u015fti", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 35], "content_span": [36, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071588-0009-0000", "contents": "1954 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei, Divizia A Teams\nDinamo Ora\u015ful Stalin Minerul Petro\u015fani Locomotiva T\u00e2rgu Mure\u015f Metalul Hunedoara Locomotiva Bucure\u0219ti Metalul C\u00e2mpia Turzii Progresul Oradea", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 35], "content_span": [36, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071589-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei Final\nThe 1954 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei Final was the 17th final of Romania's most prestigious football cup competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071589-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei Final\nFC Dinamo Bucure\u0219ti attacked furiously in the first half-hour but missed many chances before Metalul Re\u0219i\u021ba's striker \u0218tefan Szele\u0219 scored twice ('30, '40), following two fast counterattacks. Dinamo tried to come back, but were unable as Metalul's players held their ground and marched to a legendary victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071589-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei Final\nRepublicii Stadium was the place of the final which was later demolished by Nicolae Ceau\u0219escu to make room for the Palace of the Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071589-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei Final\nMetalul Re\u0219i\u021ba become the first club representing Divizia B which won the Romanian Cup final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071590-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Currie Cup\nThe 1954 Currie Cup was the 25th edition of the Currie Cup, the premier domestic rugby union competition in South Africa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071590-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Currie Cup\nThe tournament was won by  Western Province for the 18th time; they beat  Northern Transvaal 11\u20138 in the final in Cape Town.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071591-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Czechoslovak First League, Overview\nIt was contested by 12 teams, and Spartak Praha Sokolovo won the championship. Ji\u0159\u00ed Pe\u0161ek was the league's top scorer with 15 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071592-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Czechoslovak parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Czechoslovakia on 28 November 1954. Voters were presented with a single list from the National Front, dominated by the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KS\u010c).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071592-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Czechoslovak parliamentary election\nAccording to official figures, 99.2 percent of eligible voters turned out to vote, and 97.9 percent approved the National Front list. Within the Front, the Communists had a large majority of 262 seats\u2013172 for the main party and 90 for the Slovak branch.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071592-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Czechoslovak parliamentary election\nNon -Communist members appeared on the National Front list in order to keep up the appearance of pluralism. However, seats were allocated in accordance with a set percentage, and no party could take part in the political process without KS\u010c approval.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071593-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 DFB-Pokal Final\nThe 1954 DFB-Pokal Final decided the winner of the 1953\u201354 DFB-Pokal, the 11th season of Germany's knockout football cup competition. It was played on 17 April 1954 at the S\u00fcdweststadion in Ludwigshafen. VfB Stuttgart won the match 1\u20130 after extra time against 1. FC K\u00f6ln, to claim their 1st cup title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071593-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 DFB-Pokal Final, Route to the final\nThe DFB-Pokal began with 8 teams in a single-elimination knockout cup competition. There were a total of two rounds leading up to the final. Teams were drawn against each other, and the winner after 90 minutes would advance. If still tied, 30 minutes of extra time was played. If the score was still level, a replay would take place at the original away team's stadium. If still level after 90 minutes, 30 minutes of extra time was played. If the score was still level, a drawing of lots would decide who would advance to the next round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 40], "content_span": [41, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071593-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 DFB-Pokal Final, Route to the final\nNote: In all results below, the score of the finalist is given first (H: home; A: away).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 40], "content_span": [41, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071594-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Danish local elections\nThe Danish regional elections of 1954 were held on 2 March 1954. 11505 municipal council members were elected, as well as 299 members of the amts of Denmark.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071595-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Dartmouth Indians football team\nThe 1954 Dartmouth Indians football team was an American football team that represented Dartmouth College as an independent during the 1954 college football season. In their 12th and final season under head coach Tuss McLaughry, the Indians compiled a 3\u20136 record, and were outscored 250 to 121. Louis Turner was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071595-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Dartmouth Indians football team\nDartmouth played its home games at Memorial Field on the college campus in Hanover, New Hampshire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071596-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Davis Cup\nThe 1954 Davis Cup was the 43rd edition of the Davis Cup, the most important tournament between national teams in men's tennis. 23 teams entered the Europe Zone and 7 teams entered the America Zone. The Eastern Zone was abandoned for this year and India, the sole competing country, was moved to the Europe Zone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071596-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Davis Cup\nThe United States defeated Mexico in the America Zone final, and Sweden defeated France in the Europe Zone final. The United States defeated Sweden in the Inter-Zonal Final, and then defeated the defending champions Australia in the Challenge Round, ending Australia's four-year championship run. The final was played at White City Stadium in Sydney, Australia on 27\u201329 December.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071597-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Davis Cup America Zone\nThe America Zone was one of the two regional zones of the 1954 Davis Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071597-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Davis Cup America Zone\n7 teams entered the America Zone, with the winner going on to compete in the Inter-Zonal Final against the winner of the Europe Zone. The United States defeated Mexico in the final, and went on to face Sweden in the Inter-Zonal Final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071598-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Davis Cup Europe Zone\nThe Europe Zone was one of the two regional zones of the 1954 Davis Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071598-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Davis Cup Europe Zone\n23 teams entered the Europe Zone, with the winner going on to compete in the Inter-Zonal Final against the winner of the America Zone. Sweden defeated France in the final, and went on to face the United States in the Inter-Zonal Final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071599-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens football team\nThe 1954 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens football team was an American football team that represented the University of Delaware as an independent during the 1954 college football season. In its fourth season under head coach David M. Nelson, the team compiled an 8\u20132 record and outscored opponents by a total of 265 to 81. Dan Ford was the team captain. The team played its home games at Delaware Stadium in Newark, Delaware.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071600-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Delaware State Hornets football team\nThe 1954 Delaware State Hornets football team represented Delaware State College\u2014now known as Delaware State University\u2014as a member of the Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association (CIAA) in the 1954 college football season. Led by coach Edward Jackson, the Hornets compiled a 7\u20131 record, just two seasons after posting a 1\u20137 record. They shut out their first four opponents, only allowing Lincoln, St. Paul's, and St. Augustine's to score any points. They maintained a perfect record until the final game of the season, losing 6\u201312 vs. St. Augustine's. The team had 40 members, a fifth of the entire 1954 enrollment at DSU.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 669]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071600-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Delaware State Hornets football team, Further reading\nThis College football 1950s season article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 58], "content_span": [59, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071601-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Denver Pioneers football team\nThe 1954 Denver Pioneers football team represented the University of Denver in the Skyline Conference during the 1954 college football season. In their second season under head coach Bob Blackman, the Pioneers compiled a 9\u20131 record (6\u20131 against Skyline opponents), won the Skyline championship, were ranked No. 18 in the final AP Poll, and outscored all opponents by a total of 298 to 96.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071601-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Denver Pioneers football team\nThe 1954 team was inducted as a group into the University of Denver Athletic Hall of Fame in 2007. At the time, the group was \"widely considered the greatest in DU history\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071602-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Detroit Lions season\nThe 1954 Detroit Lions season was their 25th in the league. The team failed to improve on their previous season's output of 10\u20132, winning only nine games. They qualified for the championship game for the third consecutive season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071602-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Detroit Lions season, Offseason, NFL Draft\nThe Lions drafted 32 players in the 1954 NFL Draft. Their first-round pick was Dick Chapman, an All-American defensive tackle out of Rice. Chapman never played a snap for the Lions, electing to return to Rice and finish his degree in physics. Their second-round pick, Michigan State center Jim Neal, also never played a snap after \"marr[ying] a girl whose religion prohibited him to play football on Sundays.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 47], "content_span": [48, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071602-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Detroit Lions season, Regular season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 52], "content_span": [53, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071603-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Detroit Red Wings prison game\nThe 1954 Detroit Red Wings prison game was an exhibition ice hockey game played on February 2, 1954. The exhibition was played outdoors at the Marquette Branch Prison between the Detroit Red Wings of the National Hockey League (NHL) and a team put together by the inmates of the prison. It was the first ever outdoor game played by the Detroit Red Wings. After the first period the Red Wings were winning 18\u20130, and the scores for the remainder of the match were not kept.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071603-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Detroit Red Wings prison game\nThe original planning for the game began in June 1953 when the general manager for the Red Wings, Jack Adams, visited the prison while doing a promotional tour for Stroh\u2019s beer. There, the warden asked Adams if the Red Wings would come play the prison. Adams agreed, but only because he never expected the game to ever actually happen. Some say that Adams also agreed as a favor to two inmates he knew, Harry Keywell and Ray Bernstein, who were both members of the notorious Purple Gang.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 522]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071604-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Detroit Tigers season\nThe 1954 Detroit Tigers season was a season in American baseball. The team finished fifth in the American League with a record of 68\u201386, 43 games behind the Cleveland Indians.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071604-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 71], "content_span": [72, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071604-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 64], "content_span": [65, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071604-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071604-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 66], "content_span": [67, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071604-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 67], "content_span": [68, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071605-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Detroit Titans football team\nThe 1954 Detroit Titans football team represented the University of Detroit in the Missouri Valley Conference (MVC) during the 1954 college football season. In their first season under head coach Wally Fromhart, the Titans compiled a 2\u20137 record (1\u20133 against conference opponents), finished fourth in the MVC, and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 158 to 107.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071606-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Divizia A\nThe 1954 Divizia A was the thirty-seventh season of Divizia A, the top-level football league of Romania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071606-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Divizia A, Champion squad\nGoalkeepers: Francisc Kiss (19 / 0); Iosif Fuleiter (7 / 0). Defenders: Gavril Sz\u00fccs (21 / 0); Radin Du\u0219an (23 / 0); Zoltan Farmati (23 / 0); Gheorghe Lupe\u0219 (9 / 0); Ladislau Sere\u0219 (4 / 0). Midfielders: Iosif Kapas (26 / 0); Gavril Serf\u00f6z\u00f6 (21 / 4). Forwards: Toma Jurc\u0103 (13 / 1); Ilie Don (21 / 3); Gheorghe V\u00e1czi (26 / 13); Andrei Mercea (24 / 1); Nicolae Dumitrescu (23 / 4); Iosif Szak\u00e1cs (7 / 0); Nicolae Popa (14 / 0); Ion Manole (10 / 2); Vichentie Bir\u0103u (17 / 7). (league appearances and goals listed in brackets)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 30], "content_span": [31, 552]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071607-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Divizia B\nThe 1954 Divizia B was the 15th season of the second tier of the Romanian football league system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071607-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Divizia B\nThe format has been changed to three series, each of them having 13 teams. At the end of the season the winners of the series promoted to Divizia A and last two places from each series relegated to District Championship. This was the fifth season played in the spring-autumn system, a system imposed by the new leadership of the country which were in close ties with the Soviet Union.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071607-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Divizia B, Team changes, Excluded teams\nCA C\u00e2mpulung Moldovenesc, CA Cluj and CA Craiova were excluded from the championship. The army teams (CA) were abolished in the summer of 1953, except for CCA Bucure\u0219ti.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 44], "content_span": [45, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071607-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Divizia B, Team changes, Enrolled teams\nVoin\u021ba Bucure\u0219ti, which was in fact, the Romania national youth team, was enrolled directly in the second division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 44], "content_span": [45, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071607-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Divizia B, Team changes, Other teams\nDinamo Turnu M\u0103gurele was moved from Turnu M\u0103gurele to B\u00e2rlad and renamed as Dinamo B\u00e2rlad.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 41], "content_span": [42, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071608-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Dominican general election\nGeneral elections were held in Dominica on 19 August 1954. No political parties contested the elections and all candidates ran as independents. Voter turnout was 70.3%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071609-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Drexel Dragons football team\nThe 1954 Drexel Dragons football team represented the Drexel Institute of Technology (renamed Drexel University in 1970) as an independent during the 1954 college football season. Eddie Allen was the team's head coach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071610-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Duggirala by-election\nIn June 1954 a by-election was held in for the Duggirala seat of the Legislative Assembly of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The by-election was called after the death of the sitting MLA A. Rami Reddi. The election was won by the Indian National Congress candidate Meduri Nageswara Rao, won obtained 21,913 votes (45%). L.B.G. Rao of the Communist Party of India finished in second place with 20,644 votes (42.5%). Ancha Venkateswarlu of the Krishikar Lok Party obtained 5,735 votes (11.7%). There was also an independent candidate in the election, M.R. Rao, who obtained 395 votes (0.8%).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 620]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071611-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Duke Blue Devils football team\nThe 1954 Duke Blue Devils football team represented the Duke University as a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) during the 1954 college football season. Duke won the ACC title and finished the season ranked 14th in the final AP Poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071612-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 East Bengal Legislative Assembly election\nLegislative elections were held in East Bengal between 8 and 12 March 1954, the first since Pakistan became an independent country in 1947. The opposition United Front led by the Awami League and Krishak Sramik Party won a landslide victory with 223 of the 309 seats. The Muslim League Chief Minister of East Pakistan Nurul Amin was defeated in his own constituency by Khaleque Nawaz Khan by over 7,000 votes, with all the Muslim League ministers losing their seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071612-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 East Bengal Legislative Assembly election, Background\nThe Bengal Assembly had been elected as part of the provincial elections in British India in 1946. Its term was extended several times, with around 34 seats left vacant as by-elections were not held.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 58], "content_span": [59, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071612-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 East Bengal Legislative Assembly election, Electoral system\nThe East Bengal Legislative Assembly consisted of 309 seats, of which 228 were reserved for Muslims, 36 for scheduled castes, 12 for women (nine Muslims, one general and two scheduled caste), two for Buddhists and one for Christians. There were also 30 general seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 64], "content_span": [65, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071612-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 East Bengal Legislative Assembly election, Electoral system\nA total of 19,541,563 voters were registered for the elections, of which 9,239,720 were women. Of the total voters, 15,159,825 were able to vote in the Muslim seats, 2,303,578 in the scheduled caste seats, 2,095,355 in the general seats, 136,417 in the Buddhist seats and 43,911 for the Christian seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 64], "content_span": [65, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071612-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 East Bengal Legislative Assembly election, Campaign\nThe Muslim League published its manifesto on 13 December 1953, calling for Bengali to be made an official state language, reform in agricultural and education and improvements in healthcare, and began its campaign in January 1954. The Awami League published a 41-point manifesto focusing on autonomy, political reform and nationalisation. The Communists published a 22-point manifesto on 2 December, calling for them to be the leading party in a united front against the Muslim League, as well as promoting autonomy and the recognition of Bengali.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 56], "content_span": [57, 604]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071612-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 East Bengal Legislative Assembly election, Campaign\nSeveral opposition parties called for a creation of an opposition front, with agreement reached between the Awami League and the Krishak Sramik Party on 4 December. The Front was later joined by the Nizam-e-Islam Party and Ganatantri Dal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 56], "content_span": [57, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071612-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 East Bengal Legislative Assembly election, Campaign\nA total of 1,285 candidates contested the elections; 986 for the 228 Muslim seats, 151 for the 36 scheduled caste seats, 103 for the 30 general seats, 37 for the women's seats and twelve for the two Buddhist seats. The Christian seat had only one candidate, as did the Women's general and one of the scheduled caste seats. Two general seats also had one candidate who was returned unopposed. The Muslim League and United Front ran candidates in all 237 Muslim seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 56], "content_span": [57, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071612-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 East Bengal Legislative Assembly election, Results\nThe results of 1954 elections in East Pakistan were conclusive. The United Front won 210 of the 237 Muslim seats in the provincial assembly and obtained nearly 64% of the votes. In contrast the Muslim League won only 9 seats and secured less than 27% of the votes polled in the contested constituencies. Among the most exciting aspects of the election was the defeat of several ministers including Nurul Amin, the Muslim League Chief Minister. A. K. Fazlul Huq was elected in two constituencies, forcing a by-election in one of them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 55], "content_span": [56, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071612-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 East Bengal Legislative Assembly election, Aftermath\nFollowing the elections, independent Assembly member Fazlal Qadir Chowdhury joined the Muslim League to give them ten seats, allowing the party to form a parliamentary group.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 57], "content_span": [58, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071613-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 East Carolina Pirates football team\nThe 1954 East Carolina Pirates football team was an American football team that represented represented East Carolina College (now known as East Carolina University) as a member of the North State Conference during the 1954 college football season. In their third season under head coach Jack Boone, the team compiled a 5\u20134\u20131 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071614-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 East German general election\nGeneral elections were held in East Germany on 17 October 1954. It was the second election to the Volkskammer, which had 466 deputies, 66 of whom represented East Berlin and were not directly elected) in total; due to the four-power status of the city of Berlin, the city's deputies were indirectly appointed by the East Berlin magistrate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071614-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 East German general election\nAs the country was a de facto one-party state, voters were presented with a single-list of candidates from the National Front, dominated by the Communist Socialist Unity Party of Germany, which they could vote for or against. The election did not affect the strength of the factions, whose size was determined in advance. The election count was nominally allowed to be publicly monitored, but in practice this did not happen for fear of repression.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071614-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 East German general election\nThe list received the approval of 99.46% of voters, with turnout reported to be 98.5%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071615-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 East German referendum\nA referendum on a peace treaty was held in East Germany on 29 June 1954. Voters were asked \"Are you for a peace treaty and the withdrawal of occupying troops, or for the European Defence Community, the General Treaty and keeping the occupying troops for 50 years?\" The first option was approved by 93.46% of voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071616-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Eastern Suburbs season\nEastern Suburbs (now known as the Sydney Roosters) competed in the New South Wales Rugby League(NSWRL) premiership in 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071617-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Ecuadorian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Ecuador on 6 June 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071618-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Edinburgh East by-election\nThe 1954 Edinburgh East by-election was held on 8 April 1954. It was held due to the judge appointment to the Court of Session of the incumbent Labour MP, John Thomas Wheatley. It was retained by the Labour candidate, George Willis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071619-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Edmonton Eskimos season\nThe 1954 Edmonton Eskimos finished in 1st place in the Western Interprovincial Football Union with an 11\u20135 record and won the 42nd Grey Cup, the first championship in franchise history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071620-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Edmonton municipal election\nThe 1954 municipal election was held October 13, 1954 to elect five aldermen to sit on Edmonton City Council and three trustees each to sit on the public and separate school boards. The electorate also decided seven plebiscite questions. No election was held for mayor, as William Hawrelak was one year into a two-year term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071620-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Edmonton municipal election\nThere were ten aldermen on city council, but five of the positions were already filled:Harold Tanner (SS), Rupert Clare, Abe Miller, Charles Simmonds, and Cliffard Roy (SS) were all elected to two-year terms in 1953 and were still in office.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071620-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Edmonton municipal election\nThere were seven trustees on the public school board, but four of the positions were already filled: Mary Butterworth (ss), William Cowley, James Falconer, and John Thorogood (SS) had been acclaimed to two-year terms in 1953 and were still in office. The same was true on the separate board, where Andre Dechene, Amby Lenon (SS), Catherine McGrath, and William Sereda were continuing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071620-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Edmonton municipal election, Voter turnout\nThere were 20,866 ballots cast out of 123,040 eligible voters, for a voter turnout of 17.0%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 47], "content_span": [48, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071620-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Paving\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $550,000 for the City share of standard paving of arterial and residential streets?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 62], "content_span": [63, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071620-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Asphalt Surfacing I\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $450,000 for the City share of paving means of asphalt surfacing on gravel?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 75], "content_span": [76, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071620-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Asphalt Surfacing II\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $150,000 for the City share of paving by means of asphalt surfacing on gravel?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 76], "content_span": [77, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071620-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Parks\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $100,000 for the rehabilitation and development of parks including new trees, new roads, sewers, drains, fences and general rebuilding?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 61], "content_span": [62, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071620-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Neighbourhood Beautification\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $91,500 for the completion of neighborhood beautification areas in various parts of the City including the beautification of small parcels of land owned within the City?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 84], "content_span": [85, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071620-0009-0000", "contents": "1954 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Playgrounds\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $61,000 for the improvement of playgrounds and the construction of playground shelters and wading pools and the erection of fencing at various City playgrounds?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 67], "content_span": [68, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071620-0010-0000", "contents": "1954 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Health Clinic\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $60,000 for the purpose of a health clinic to look after inoculations, also the supervision of babies and pre-school children and preventative dental services?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 69], "content_span": [70, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071621-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Ekstraklasa, Overview\nIt was contested by 12 teams, and Polonia Bytom won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 26], "content_span": [27, 96]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071622-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Emperor's Cup, Overview\nIt was contested by 16 teams, and Keio BRB won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 28], "content_span": [29, 93]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071623-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Emperor's Cup Final\n1954 Emperor's Cup Final was the 34th final of the Emperor's Cup competition. The final was played at Yamanashi Prefectural Stadium in Yamanashi on May 25, 1954. Keio BRB won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071623-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Emperor's Cup Final, Overview\nKeio BRB won the championship, by defeating Toyo Industries 5\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071624-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 English Greyhound Derby\nThe 1954 Greyhound Derby took place during June with the final being held on 25 June 1954 at White City Stadium. The winner was Pauls Fun and the winning owner Mr Thomas Henry Watford received \u00a31,500.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071624-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 English Greyhound Derby, Final result, Distances\n3\u00bc, 1\u00be, 5, \u00be, Dis (lengths)The distances between the greyhounds are in finishing order and shown in lengths. From 1950 one length was equal to 0.08 of one second.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 53], "content_span": [54, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071624-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 English Greyhound Derby, Competition Report\nPauls Fun was bought by Mr Thomas Watford for \u00a31,750 and put with Wembley trainer Leslie Reynolds in 1953 after he recorded the fastest ever time at Dunmore Park for a puppy. He was immediately installed as one of the favourites for the 1954 Derby and following a winters rest he opened up at 7-4f which was the shortest price ever recorded Derby ante-post price to date. During the first round heats a deluge of rain made the track very heavy and the best time recorded that night was 29.37 by Pauls Fun; next best was 29.67 by Title Role, thirty spots slower.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 48], "content_span": [49, 610]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071624-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 English Greyhound Derby, Competition Report\nA tough second round draw pitted Barrowside trained by Jack Harvey alongside Pauls Fun; Barrowside a leading hurdler had gained entry into the Derby after winning the last trial stake. The race caused a surprise when Pauls Fun missed the break and Barrowside won comfortably. After the race Leslie Reynolds announced that Pauls Fun has tweaked a muscle and it would be a race against time to be fit for the semi-finals to be held just two days later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 48], "content_span": [49, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071624-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 English Greyhound Derby, Competition Report\nPauls Fun took his place in the semi-finals and won comfortably by six and a half-lengths setting a new track record of 28.64 in the process. Barrowside in the same heat failed to progress finishing in fourth place. Title Role at odds of 4-11 could only manage third after a crowded second semi-final race won by Ashcroft Boy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 48], "content_span": [49, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071624-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 English Greyhound Derby, Competition Report\nWembley once again accounted for five of the six finalists with just one hound from Catford, Ardskeagh Ville, the Gold Collar champion. The final proved to be a formality for Pauls Fun because a gap opened on the run up after Ashcott Boy drifted wide and he took advantage of it running out an easy victor. Ashcott Boy fell at the first bend and trailed in last. Leslie Reynolds had won a record fifth Derby, a feat not emulated until 57 years later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 48], "content_span": [49, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071625-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 English cricket season\n1954 was the 55th season of County Championship cricket in England. Pakistan toured England for the first time and drew the series of four Test matches. Surrey won the County Championship for the third successive year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071625-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 English cricket season, Test series\nEngland could only draw the series with Pakistan 1\u20131, with the other two matches badly affected by the poor weather of the summer and left drawn. Pakistan won the final Test to square the series thanks to a marvellous seam bowling performance by Fazal Mahmood, who took 6-53 and 6-46 at The Oval.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 40], "content_span": [41, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071625-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 English cricket season, Leading batsmen\nDenis Compton topped the averages with 1524 runs @ 58.62", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 44], "content_span": [45, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071625-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 English cricket season, Leading bowlers\nBrian Statham topped the averages with 92 wickets @ 14.13", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 44], "content_span": [45, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071626-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Estonian SSR Football Championship\nThe 1954 Estonian SSR Football Championship season was won by Tallinna D\u00fcnamo.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071627-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 European Aquatics Championships\nThe 1954 LEN European Aquatics Championships were held 31 August \u2013 5 September in Turin, Italy. In swimming, butterfly events were contested for the first time; 100 m for women and 200 m for men.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071628-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships\nThe 5th European Athletics Championships were held at Stadion Neufeld from 25\u201329 August 1954 in the Swiss capital Bern. Contemporaneous reports on the event were given in the Glasgow Herald.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071628-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 689 athletes from 28 countries participated in the event, three athletes more than the official number of 686 as published.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 52], "content_span": [53, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071629-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 10,000 metres\nThe men's 10,000 metres at the 1954 European Athletics Championships was held in Bern, Switzerland, at Stadion Neufeld on 25 August 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071629-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 10,000 metres, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 23 athletes from 17 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 74], "content_span": [75, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071630-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 10,000 metres track walk\nThe men's 10,000 metres track walk at the 1954 European Athletics Championships was held in Bern, Switzerland, at Stadion Neufeld.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 70], "section_span": [70, 70], "content_span": [71, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071630-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 10,000 metres track walk, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 16 athletes from 9 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 70], "section_span": [72, 85], "content_span": [86, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071631-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 100 metres\nThe men's 100 metres at the 1954 European Athletics Championships was held in Bern, Switzerland, at Stadion Neufeld on 25 and 26 August 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071631-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 100 metres, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 35 athletes from 20 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [58, 71], "content_span": [72, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071632-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 110 metres hurdles\nThe men's 110 metres hurdles at the 1954 European Athletics Championships was held in Bern, Switzerland, at Stadion Neufeld on 25, 26, and 29 August 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 64], "section_span": [64, 64], "content_span": [65, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071632-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 110 metres hurdles, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 22 athletes from 15 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 64], "section_span": [66, 79], "content_span": [80, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071633-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 1500 metres\nThe men's 1500 metres at the 1954 European Athletics Championships was held in Bern, Switzerland, at Stadion Neufeld on 26 and 29 August 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071633-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 1500 metres, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 29 athletes from 17 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 72], "content_span": [73, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071634-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 200 metres\nThe men's 200 metres at the 1954 European Athletics Championships was held in Bern, Switzerland, at Stadion Neufeld on 28 and 29 August 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071634-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 200 metres, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 30 athletes from 18 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [58, 71], "content_span": [72, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071635-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 3000 metres steeplechase\nThe men's 3000 metres steeplechase at the 1954 European Athletics Championships was held in Bern, Switzerland, at Stadion Neufeld on 26 and 28 August 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 70], "section_span": [70, 70], "content_span": [71, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071635-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 3000 metres steeplechase, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 21 athletes from 14 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 70], "section_span": [72, 85], "content_span": [86, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071636-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 4 \u00d7 100 metres relay\nThe men's 4 x 100 metres relay at the 1954 European Athletics Championships was held in Bern, Switzerland, at Stadion Neufeld on 27 and 29 August 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 66], "section_span": [66, 66], "content_span": [67, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071636-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 4 \u00d7 100 metres relay, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 56 athletes from 14 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 66], "section_span": [68, 81], "content_span": [82, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071637-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 4 \u00d7 400 metres relay\nThe men's 4 x 400 metres relay at the 1954 European Athletics Championships was held in Bern, Switzerland, at Stadion Neufeld on 28 and 29 August 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 66], "section_span": [66, 66], "content_span": [67, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071637-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 4 \u00d7 400 metres relay, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 44 athletes from 11 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 66], "section_span": [68, 81], "content_span": [82, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071638-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 400 metres\nThe men's 400 metres at the 1954 European Athletics Championships was held in Bern, Switzerland, at Stadion Neufeld on 25, 26, and 27 August 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071638-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 400 metres, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 25 athletes from 14 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [58, 71], "content_span": [72, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071639-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 400 metres hurdles\nThe men's 400 metres hurdles at the 1954 European Athletics Championships was held in Bern, Switzerland, at Stadion Neufeld on 26, 28, and 29 August 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 64], "section_span": [64, 64], "content_span": [65, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071639-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 400 metres hurdles, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 24 athletes from 15 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 64], "section_span": [66, 79], "content_span": [80, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071640-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 50 kilometres walk\nThe men's 50 kilometres race walk at the 1954 European Athletics Championships was held in Bern, Switzerland, on 27 August 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 64], "section_span": [64, 64], "content_span": [65, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071640-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 50 kilometres walk, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 21 athletes from 13 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 64], "section_span": [66, 79], "content_span": [80, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071641-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 5000 metres\nThe men's 5000 metres at the 1954 European Athletics Championships was held in Bern, Switzerland, at Stadion Neufeld on 26 and 29 August 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071641-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 5000 metres, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 28 athletes from 19 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 72], "content_span": [73, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071642-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 800 metres\nThe men's 800 metres at the 1954 European Athletics Championships was held in Bern, Switzerland, at Stadion Neufeld on 25, 27, and 28 August 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071642-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 800 metres, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 31 athletes from 19 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [58, 71], "content_span": [72, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071643-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's decathlon\nThe men's decathlon at the 1954 European Athletics Championships was held in Bern, Switzerland, at Stadion Neufeld on 26 and 27 August 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071643-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's decathlon, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 19 athletes from 14 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 70], "content_span": [71, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071644-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's discus throw\nThe men's discus throw at the 1954 European Athletics Championships was held in Bern, Switzerland, at Stadion Neufeld on 26 and 28 August 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071644-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's discus throw, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 23 athletes from 17 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 73], "content_span": [74, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071645-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's hammer throw\nThe men's hammer throw at the 1954 European Athletics Championships was held in Bern, Switzerland, at Stadion Neufeld on 28 and 29 August 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071645-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's hammer throw, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 27 athletes from 18 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 73], "content_span": [74, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071646-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's high jump\nThe men's high jump at the 1954 European Athletics Championships was held in Bern, Switzerland, at Stadion Neufeld on 27 and 29 August 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071646-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's high jump, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 18 athletes from 12 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 70], "content_span": [71, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071647-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's javelin throw\nThe men's javelin throw at the 1954 European Athletics Championships was held in Bern, Switzerland, at Stadion Neufeld on 28 and 29 August 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071647-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's javelin throw, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 21 athletes from 15 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 74], "content_span": [75, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071648-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's long jump\nThe men's long jump at the 1954 European Athletics Championships was held in Bern, Switzerland, at Stadion Neufeld on 27 and 28 August 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071648-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's long jump, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 25 athletes from 17 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 70], "content_span": [71, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071649-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's marathon\nThe men's marathon at the 1954 European Athletics Championships was held in Bern, Switzerland, on 25 August 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071649-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's marathon, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 22 athletes from 15 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 69], "content_span": [70, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071650-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's pole vault\nThe men's pole vault at the 1954 European Athletics Championships was held in Bern, Switzerland, at Stadion Neufeld on 26 and 28 August 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071650-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's pole vault, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 24 athletes from 18 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [58, 71], "content_span": [72, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071651-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's shot put\nThe men's shot put at the 1954 European Athletics Championships was held in Bern, Switzerland, at Stadion Neufeld on 27 August 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071651-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's shot put, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 24 athletes from 15 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 69], "content_span": [70, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071652-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's triple jump\nThe men's triple jump at the 1954 European Athletics Championships was held in Bern, Switzerland, at Stadion Neufeld on 25 and 26 August 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071652-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's triple jump, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 22 athletes from 15 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 72], "content_span": [73, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071653-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Women's 100 metres\nThe women's 100 metres at the 1954 European Athletics Championships was held in Bern, Switzerland, at Stadion Neufeld on 26 and 27 August 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071653-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Women's 100 metres, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 31 athletes from 15 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 73], "content_span": [74, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071654-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Women's 200 metres\nThe women's 200 metres at the 1954 European Athletics Championships was held in Bern, Switzerland, at Stadion Neufeld on 28 and 29 August 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071654-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Women's 200 metres, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 19 athletes from 11 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 73], "content_span": [74, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071655-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Women's 4 \u00d7 100 metres relay\nThe women's 4 x 100 metres relay at the 1954 European Athletics Championships was held in Bern, Switzerland, at Stadion Neufeld on 28 and 29 August 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 68], "section_span": [68, 68], "content_span": [69, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071655-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Women's 4 \u00d7 100 metres relay, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 44 athletes from 11 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 68], "section_span": [70, 83], "content_span": [84, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071656-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Women's 80 metres hurdles\nThe women's 80 metres hurdles at the 1954 European Athletics Championships was held in Bern, Switzerland, at Stadion Neufeld on 27 and 28 August 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 65], "section_span": [65, 65], "content_span": [66, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071656-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Women's 80 metres hurdles, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 25 athletes from 14 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 65], "section_span": [67, 80], "content_span": [81, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071657-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Women's 800 metres\nThe women's 800 metres at the 1954 European Athletics Championships was held in Bern, Switzerland, at Stadion Neufeld on 25 and 27 August 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071657-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Women's 800 metres, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 19 athletes from 11 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 73], "content_span": [74, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071658-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Women's discus throw\nThe women's discus throw at the 1954 European Athletics Championships was held in Bern, Switzerland, at Stadion Neufeld on 27 August 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 60], "section_span": [60, 60], "content_span": [61, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071658-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Women's discus throw, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 17 athletes from 10 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 60], "section_span": [62, 75], "content_span": [76, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071659-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Women's high jump\nThe women's high jump at the 1954 European Athletics Championships was held in Bern, Switzerland, at Stadion Neufeld on 25 and 28 August 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071659-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Women's high jump, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 14 athletes from 9 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 72], "content_span": [73, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071660-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Women's javelin throw\nThe women's javelin throw at the 1954 European Athletics Championships was held in Bern, Switzerland, at Stadion Neufeld on 25 August 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 61], "section_span": [61, 61], "content_span": [62, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071660-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Women's javelin throw, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 14 athletes from 10 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 61], "section_span": [63, 76], "content_span": [77, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071661-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Women's long jump\nThe women's long jump at the 1954 European Athletics Championships was held in Bern, Switzerland, at Stadion Neufeld on 26 August 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071661-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Women's long jump, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 23 athletes from 11 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 72], "content_span": [73, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071662-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Women's pentathlon\nThe women's pentathlon at the 1954 European Athletics Championships was held in Bern, Switzerland, at Stadion Neufeld on 27 August 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071662-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Women's pentathlon, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 19 athletes from 12 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 73], "content_span": [74, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071663-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Women's shot put\nThe women's shot put at the 1954 European Athletics Championships was held in Bern, Switzerland, at Stadion Neufeld on 26 August 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071663-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Women's shot put, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 16 athletes from 9 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [58, 71], "content_span": [72, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071664-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 European Baseball Championship\nThe 1954 European Baseball Championship was the first European Championship in this sport. It featured 4 of the 5 members of the new Confederation of European Baseball, as France failed to field a team. The Netherlands, which would dominate the event over the next fifty years, was not part of the organization because they did not think it would be sustainable. The Championship was held on June 26 and June 27 in Antwerp, Belgium. A messy affair, there was an average of over 10 errors per game due to the low quality of baseball in Europe at that time. Italy took gold, beating Belgium 6-1 and Spain 7-4. Spain won silver despite 8 errors in its loss to Italy. Spain beat Germany by a score of 10-4 in its other contest. Belgium earned bronze, beating Germany 12-5. Germany placed last.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 825]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071665-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 European Figure Skating Championships\nThe 1954 European Figure Skating Championships were held in Bolzano, Italy from January 28 to 31. Elite senior-level figure skaters from European ISU member nations competed for the title of European Champion in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071666-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 European Rowing Championships\nThe 1954 European Rowing Championships were rowing championships held on the Bosbaan regatta course in the Dutch city of Amsterdam. This edition is particularly notable for the fact that it was the first time that women were allowed to compete as part of the championships, after three years of trial regattas for them. Women from 13 countries were represented with 34 boats, and they competed in five boat classes (W1x, W2x, W4x+, W4+, W8+) from 20 to 22 August. The men competed in all seven Olympic boat classes (M1x, M2x, M2-, M2+, M4-, M4+, M8+) a week later, from 26 to 29 August. It would be another 22 years until women would first be allowed to compete at Olympic level in 1976.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 722]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071666-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 European Rowing Championships, Medal summary \u2013 women's events\nFor the 1954 regatta, the Bosbaan was widened from five lanes to six. All of the boat classes had single-digit entries (five crews each for the eight and quad, and nine for the singles), just four of the lanes were used in the races so that there were heats, rep\u00eachages, and a final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 66], "content_span": [67, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071667-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 FA Charity Shield\nThe 1954 FA Charity Shield was the 32nd FA Charity Shield, a  football match between the winners of the previous season's First Division and FA Cup titles. This year's match was contested by league champions Wolverhampton Wanderers and FA Cup winners West Bromwich Albion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071667-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 FA Charity Shield\nThe two Black Country rivals had been the main contenders for the league championship of the previous campaign, with Wolves edging out their challengers by four points in the end to claim their first ever league title. Albion had gained some consolation in winning their fourth FA Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071667-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 FA Charity Shield\nThe match was held at Wolves' stadium, Molineux, in keeping with the trend of using the league champions' home that had been established at the turn of the decade. It was staged on an \"international week\" during the season, which caused several players \u2013 most notably, Wolves' captain Billy Wright \u2013 to miss the game as they were on duty with their national sides.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071667-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 FA Charity Shield\nThe hosts led the contest both 2\u20130 and 4\u20132, but were twice pegged back by rapid-fire replies. The game eventually ended 4\u20134, meaning the Shield was shared for the second time in its history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071668-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 FA Cup Final\nThe 1954 FA Cup Final was a football match between West Bromwich Albion and Preston North End, played on 1 May 1954 at the original Wembley Stadium in London. It was the final match of the 1953\u201354 staging of English football's primary cup competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup (better known as the FA Cup). The match was the 73rd FA Cup Final and the 26th to be played at Wembley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071668-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 FA Cup Final\nWest Bromwich Albion were appearing in their ninth final, having won the cup on three previous occasions, while Preston had won the competition twice and were playing in the final for the sixth time. The two clubs had met in one final before in 1888, with Albion winning 2\u20131 on that occasion; in this match, Albion won 3\u20132. Ronnie Allen opened the scoring but Preston soon equalised through Angus Morrison. Preston then took the lead through Charlie Wayman although the goal was probably offside. Allen equalised from the penalty spot before a late goal from Frank Griffin secured the cup for Albion for the fourth time. Albion finished second in the league table, losing out on 'the double' to Black Country rivals Wolverhampton Wanderers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 758]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071668-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 FA Cup Final\nThe last surviving member of the winning team, Ray Barlow, died in March 2012 at the age of 85. Upon his death on 31 December 2020, Tommy Docherty was the last surviving player from the match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071668-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 FA Cup Final, Background\nBoth clubs were members of the First Division, West Bromwich Albion having finished as runners-up during the 1953\u201354 league season and Preston North End 11th. Albion were victorious in both league matches between the two sides, winning 2\u20130 at Deepdale and 3\u20132 at The Hawthorns. The teams had met on six previous occasions in the FA Cup. Albion had won four of those ties, including the 1886\u201387 semi-final and 1888 final, while Preston were victorious in the semi-finals of 1888\u201389 and 1936\u201337.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071668-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 FA Cup Final, Route to the final, West Bromwich Albion\nAs a First Division club, West Bromwich Albion entered the FA Cup at the third round stage. They began their 61st FA Cup campaign at home against Chelsea, whom they beat 1\u20130 thanks to an own goal by Ron Greenwood. Their next cup match saw Albion defeat Rotherham United 4\u20130, in what was the first ever meeting between the two sides in any competition. Johnny Nicholls scored two of the goals and Ronnie Allen and Reg Ryan one each. A hat-trick from Ronnie Allen gave Albion a 3\u20132 win against Newcastle United in round five in a thrilling match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 59], "content_span": [60, 604]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071668-0004-0001", "contents": "1954 FA Cup Final, Route to the final, West Bromwich Albion\nThe game was played in front of 61,088 spectators, the highest attendance at The Hawthorns for 16 years. An estimated 20,000 more were locked out. Albion were then drawn at home for the fourth round in succession; this time Tottenham Hotspur were the visitors as the competition reached the quarter-final stage. A free-kick by Ray Barlow and two goals from Johnny Nicholls resulted in a 3\u20130 West Bromwich Albion victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 59], "content_span": [60, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071668-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 FA Cup Final, Route to the final, West Bromwich Albion\nStaffordshire rivals and Third Division North leaders Port Vale were the opposition in the semi-final, which was played at the neutral venue of Villa Park in front of a near 70,000 crowd. Vale's Albert Leake opened the scoring before the break, but Albion equalised just after the hour when Jimmy Dudley's cross evaded the Vale goalkeeper Ray King and ended up in the net. Ronnie Allen, playing against his former team, scored the winning goal for Albion from a penalty kick, following a foul on George Lee. leading to scenes of wild celebration from the Albion supporters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 59], "content_span": [60, 633]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071669-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 FAMAS Awards\nThe 2nd Filipino Academy of Movie Arts and Sciences Awards Night was held in 1954 in Life Theater, Quezon Boulevard, Quiapo, Manila. Huk Sa Bagong Pamumuhay, produced by Narcisa de Leon and distributed by LVN Pictures, is the recipient of FAMAS Award for Best Picture.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071670-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 FC Dinamo Bucure\u0219ti season\nThe 1954 season was Dinamo Bucure\u0219ti's sixth season in Divizia A. For the first time, Dinamo reaches the final of Romanian Cup, but loses to Metalul Re\u015fi\u0163a. In Divizia A, Dinamo ends third, behind champions Flac\u0103ra Ro\u015fie and CCA. For the third year in a row, the goalscorer of Divizia A is a Dinamo player. Alexandru Ene scored 20 goals out of 62 of the entire team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071670-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 FC Dinamo Bucure\u0219ti season, Squad\nStandard team: Florea Birta\u0219u \u2013 Iosif Sz\u00f6k\u0151, Ladislau B\u0103cu\u021b \u2013 Gheorghe B\u0103cu\u021b, Valeriu C\u0103linoiu, Gheorghe Toma \u2013 Carol Bartha, Ion Suru, Dumitru Nicolae, Titus Ozon, Alexandru Ene.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 38], "content_span": [39, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071670-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 FC Dinamo Bucure\u0219ti season, Squad, Transfers\nDinamo makes significant changes in the squad again. It is brought goalkeeper Florea Birta\u0219u free of contract after the disband of Casei Armatei C\u00e2mpulung Moldovenesc. From Dinamo Ora\u015ful Stalin are brought Valeriu Neagu and Alexandru Ene, while Joseph Fuleiter was transferred from Flamura Rosie Arad. Constantin Marinescu and Nicolae Voinescu go to newly promoted Metalul Hunedoara.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 49], "content_span": [50, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071671-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 FC Steaua Bucure\u0219ti season\nThe 1954 season was FC Steaua Bucure\u0219ti's 7th season since its founding in 1947.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071672-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 FIBA World Championship\nThe 1954 FIBA World Championship (also called the 2nd World Basketball Championship\u00a0\u2013 1954) was an international basketball tournament held by the International Basketball Federation in Gin\u00e1sio do Maracan\u00e3zinho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil from 23 October to 5 November 1954. Twelve nations participated in the tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071672-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 FIBA World Championship, Classification round\nAll teams play one game against each other for a total of three games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 50], "content_span": [51, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071672-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 FIBA World Championship, Final round\nAll teams play one game against each other for a total of seven games. The teams with the best records are awarded medals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 41], "content_span": [42, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071673-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 FIBA World Championship squads\nThe 1954 FIBA World Championship squads were the squads of the 1954 FIBA World Championship. Each one of the 12 teams at the tournament selected a squad of 12 players.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071674-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup\nThe 1954 FIFA World Cup was the fifth edition of the FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial international football tournament for senior men's national teams of the nations affiliated to FIFA. It was held in Switzerland from 16 June to 4 July. Switzerland was selected as the host country in July 1946. At the tournament several all-time records for goal-scoring were set, including the highest average number of goals scored per game. The tournament was won by West Germany, who defeated tournament favourites Hungary 3\u20132 in the final, their first World Cup title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071674-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup, Host selection\nSwitzerland was awarded the tournament unopposed at a meeting in Luxembourg City on 22 July 1946, the same day Brazil was selected to host the 1950 World Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 35], "content_span": [36, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071674-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup, Qualification\nThe hosts (Switzerland) and the defending champions (Uruguay) qualified automatically. Of the remaining 14 places, 11 were allocated to Europe (including Egypt, Turkey, and Israel), two to the Americas, and one to Asia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071674-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup, Qualification\nScotland, Turkey, and South Korea made their World Cup debuts at this tournament (Turkey and Scotland had qualified for the 1950 competition but both withdrew). South Korea became the first independent Asian country to participate in a World Cup tournament. Austria appeared following a hiatus from 1934. Turkey would not participate at a finals until the 2002 tournament; South Korea's return appearance would be in 1986.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071674-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup, Qualification\nThe third and fourth place teams from 1950, Sweden and Spain, both failed to qualify. In a shocking result, Spain was eliminated by Turkey: after the two countries had tied a three-game series, Turkey progressed by drawing of lots  by a blindfolded Italian boy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071674-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup, Qualification\nGerman teams as well as Japan were allowed to qualify again, after having been banned from the 1950 FIFA World Cup. West Germany qualified against fellow Germans from the Saarland (which then was a French protectorate), while East Germany had not entered, cancelling international football games after the East German uprising of 1953. Argentina declined to participate for the third successive World Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071674-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup, Summary, Format\nThe 1954 tournament used a unique format. The sixteen qualifying teams were divided into four groups of four teams each. Each group contained two seeded teams and two unseeded teams. Only four matches were scheduled for each group, each pitting a seeded team against an unseeded team. This contrasts with the usual round-robin in which every team plays every other team: six matches in each group. Another oddity was that extra time, which in most tournaments is not employed at the group stage, was played in the group games if the score was level after 90 minutes, with the result being a draw if the scores were still level after 120 minutes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 36], "content_span": [37, 682]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071674-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup, Summary, Format\nTwo points were awarded for a win and one for a draw. The two teams with the most points from each group progressed to the knockout stage. If the first and second placed teams were level on points, lots were drawn to decide which team would top the group. However, if the second and third placed teams were level on points, there was a play-off to decide which team would progress to the next stage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 36], "content_span": [37, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071674-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup, Summary, Format\nTwo of the four groups would require play-offs, and the other two required drawing of lots between the two top teams. The play-offs were between Switzerland and Italy, and Turkey and West Germany: in both matches the unseeded teams (Switzerland and West Germany) repeated earlier victories against the seeds (Italy and Turkey) to progress. In the other two groups, lots were drawn to determine the first-place teams, resulting in Uruguay and Brazil finishing above Austria and Yugoslavia, respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 36], "content_span": [37, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071674-0009-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup, Summary, Format\nA further unusual feature of the format was that the four group-winning teams were drawn against each other in the knockout stages to produce one finalist, and the four second-placed teams played against each other to produce the second finalist. In subsequent tournaments it has become customary to draw group winners against second-placed teams in the first knockout round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 36], "content_span": [37, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071674-0010-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup, Summary, Format\nIn any knockout game tied after 90 minutes, 30 minutes of extra time were played. If the scores had still been level after extra time, in any knockout game other than the final, lots would have been drawn to decide which team progressed. However, if the final had been tied after extra time, it would have been replayed, with lots deciding the winner only if the replay was also tied after extra time. In the event, all the knockout games were decided in either normal time or extra time, with no replays or drawing of lots being required.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 36], "content_span": [37, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071674-0011-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup, Summary, Seeding\nBefore qualification was complete, the eight seeded teams were determined by FIFA. They were Austria, Brazil, England, France, Hungary, Italy, Spain, and Uruguay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 37], "content_span": [38, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071674-0012-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup, Summary, Seeding\nThese seedings were thrown into disarray when, in an unexpected result, Turkey eliminated Spain in qualification. FIFA resolved this situation by giving Turkey the seeding that had previously been allocated to Spain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 37], "content_span": [38, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071674-0013-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup, Summary, Notable results\nWest Germany, who had been reinstated as full FIFA members in 1950 and were unseeded, convincingly won the first of two encounters with the seeded Turkish side at Wankdorf stadium in Berne. The South Koreans, the other unseeded team, lost 7\u20130 and 9\u20130, with West Germany being denied the chance to play such an easy opponent. Sepp Herberger, the West German coach, gambled against the seeded team of Hungary by sending in a reserve side, and lost 8\u20133; so they had to play off against Turkey, a match that West Germany easily won.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 45], "content_span": [46, 574]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071674-0014-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup, Summary, Notable results\nHungary's team captain Ferenc Pusk\u00e1s, considered by many as the best player in the world in that time, was injured by West German defender Werner Liebrich, and had to miss Hungary's next two matches. Pusk\u00e1s played for Hungary in the final, despite still being in a questionable condition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 45], "content_span": [46, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071674-0015-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup, Summary, Notable results\nIn the quarter-finals, the favourites Hungary beat Brazil 4\u20132 in one of the most violent matches in football history, which became infamous as the Battle of Berne. Meanwhile, the World Cup holders Uruguay sent England out of the tournament, also by 4\u20132. West Germany dispatched Yugoslavia 2\u20130, and Austria beat the host nation Switzerland in the game that saw the most goals in any World Cup match, 7\u20135.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 45], "content_span": [46, 449]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071674-0016-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup, Summary, Notable results\nThe other semi-final, one of the most exciting games of the tournament, saw Hungary go into the second half leading Uruguay 1\u20130, only for the game to be taken to extra time with a score after 90 minutes of 2\u20132. The deadlock was broken by S\u00e1ndor Kocsis with two late goals to take Hungary through to the final, with Uruguay finally losing their unbeaten record in World Cup Final matches. Uruguay then went on to be beaten for a second time as Austria secured third place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 45], "content_span": [46, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071674-0017-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup, Summary, Final: \"The Miracle of Bern\"\nThe Wankdorf Stadion in Berne saw 60,000 people cram inside to watch the final between West Germany and Hungary, a rematch of a first-round game, which Hungary had won 8\u20133 against the reserves of the German team. The Golden Team of the Hungarians were favourites, as they were unbeaten for a record of 32 consecutive matches, but they had had two tough knockout matches. It started raining on match day \u2013 in Germany this was dubbed Fritz-Walter-Wetter (\"Fritz Walter's weather\") because the West German team captain Fritz Walter was said to play his best in the rain. Adi Dassler had provided shoes with exchangeable studs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 58], "content_span": [59, 682]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071674-0018-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup, Summary, Final: \"The Miracle of Bern\"\nHungary's Ferenc Pusk\u00e1s played again in the final, even though he was not fully fit. Despite this he put his team ahead after only six minutes and with Zolt\u00e1n Czibor adding another two minutes later it seemed that the pre-tournament favourites would take the title. However, with a quick goal from Max Morlock in the 10th and the equaliser of Helmut Rahn in the 19th, the tide began to turn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 58], "content_span": [59, 450]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071674-0019-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup, Summary, Final: \"The Miracle of Bern\"\nThe second half saw telling misses by the Hungarian team. Barely six minutes before the end of the match, the popular German radio reporter Herbert Zimmermann gave the most famous German piece of commentary, recommending that \"Rahn should shoot from deep\", which he did. The second goal from Rahn gave West Germany a 3\u20132 lead while the Hungarian reporter Gy\u00f6rgy Szepesi burst into tears. Later, Zimmermann called Pusk\u00e1s offside before he kicked the ball into Toni Turek's net with 2 minutes left. While referee Ling pointed to the centre spot, linesman Griffiths signalled offside. After a one-minute consultation, referee Ling disallowed the claimed equaliser.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 58], "content_span": [59, 720]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071674-0020-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup, Summary, Final: \"The Miracle of Bern\"\nThe West Germans were handed the Jules Rimet Trophy and the title of World Cup winners, while the crowd sang along to the tune of the national anthem of West Germany (a scandal broke because the first stanza was sung, the atmosphere became tense). In Germany the success is known as \"The Miracle of Berne\", upon which a 2003 film of the same name was based. For the Hungarians, the defeat was a disaster, and remains controversial due to claimed referee errors and claims of doping.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 58], "content_span": [59, 541]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071674-0021-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup, Summary, Final: \"The Miracle of Bern\"\nOne controversy concerns the 2\u20132 equaliser. Hungarian goalie Gyula Grosics jumped to catch Fritz Walter's corner shot, but in plain sight of the camera, Hans Sch\u00e4fer obstructed him, and so the ball reached Rahn unhindered. The second controversy concerns allegations of doping to explain the better condition of the West German team in the second half.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 58], "content_span": [59, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071674-0021-0001", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup, Summary, Final: \"The Miracle of Bern\"\nThough teammates steadfastly denied this rumour, German historian Guido Knopp claimed in a 2004 documentary for German public channel ZDF that the players were injected with shots of vitamin C at half-time, using a needle earlier taken from a Soviet sports doctor, which would also explain the wave of jaundice among team members following the tournament. A Leipzig University study in 2010 posited that the West German players had been injected with the banned substance methamphetamine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 58], "content_span": [59, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071674-0022-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup, Summary, Final: \"The Miracle of Bern\"\nMost controversial was the offside ruling for Pusk\u00e1s's intended 87th-minute equaliser. The camera filming the official footage was in a bad position to judge the situation, but eyewitnesses claimed that the referee was wrong, including West German substitute player Alfred Pfaff. However, since then, unofficial footage surfaced evidencing no offside (shown on North German regional public channel NDR in 2004.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 58], "content_span": [59, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071674-0023-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup, Summary, Records\nThe following all-time records were set or equalled at this tournament, and have not subsequently been surpassed:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 37], "content_span": [38, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071674-0024-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup, Summary, Records, Other landmarks\nFor the first time there was television coverage, and special coins were issued to mark the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 54], "content_span": [55, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071674-0025-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup, Summary, Records, Other landmarks\nThe 11 goals scored by Kocsis of Hungary not only led the World Cup but bettered the previous record (set by Brazilian Ademir in the previous tournament) by three goals. Kocsis' mark was broken by Just Fontaine's 13 goals in 1958. Despite not winning the 1954 tournament, their fourth-place finish and their two previous World Cup titles made Uruguay the most successful World Cup nation for eight years, until Brazil won their second title in 1962. Hungary's 9\u20130 win against Korea during the group stages remains the biggest margin of victory in FIFA World Cup history, later equalled by Yugoslavia over Zaire (9\u20130) in 1974 and Hungary over El Salvador (10\u20131) in 1982.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 54], "content_span": [55, 724]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071674-0026-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup, Summary, Records, Other landmarks\nWest Germany also became the first team to win the World Cup after having lost a match at the finals (losing 8\u20133 to Hungary in the group stage). This feat was subsequently repeated by West Germany in 1974, Argentina in 1978 and Spain in 2010, who all lost group matches 1\u20130. Coincidentally, all three teams won against Netherlands sides in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 54], "content_span": [55, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071674-0027-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup, Summary, Records, Other landmarks\nWest Germany's 1954 victory remains the only time that a team has won the World Cup without playing any team from outside its own continent (Turkey is geographically partly in Asia, but qualified from Europe and has always been affiliated with UEFA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 54], "content_span": [55, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071674-0028-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup, Summary, Records, Other landmarks\nWest Germany's victory in the final is considered one of the greatest upsets of all time and one of the finest achievements in German sporting history. The West German team was made up of amateur players, as Germany did not have a professional league at this time, while the Hungarians were de jure amateurs, like all the communist countries at that time, but playing football as professionals, mainly for Budapesti Honv\u00e9d FC and later for major clubs like Real Madrid and Barcelona in Spain, and were ranked best in the world. This is the only time a team has won the World Cup with amateur footballers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 54], "content_span": [55, 659]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071674-0029-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup, Venues\nSix venues in six cities (1 venue in each city) hosted the tournament's 26 matches. The most used stadium was the St. Jakob Stadium in Basel, which hosted 6 matches. The venues in Bern, Zurich and Lausanne each hosted 5 matches, the venue in Geneva hosted 4 matches, and the venue in Lugano only hosted 1 match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 27], "content_span": [28, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071674-0030-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup, Squads\nFor a list of all squads that appeared in the final tournament, see 1954 FIFA World Cup squads.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 27], "content_span": [28, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071674-0031-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup, Goalscorers\nWith 11 goals, S\u00e1ndor Kocsis was the top scorer in the tournament. In total, 140 goals were scored by 63 players, with four of them credited as own goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 32], "content_span": [33, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071674-0032-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup, FIFA retrospective ranking\nIn 1986, FIFA published a report that ranked all teams in each World Cup up to and including 1986, based on progress in the competition, overall results and quality of the opposition. The rankings for the 1954 tournament were as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 47], "content_span": [48, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071674-0033-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup, In film\nThe final scene of Rainer Werner Fassbinder's film The Marriage of Maria Braun takes place during the finals of the 1954 World Cup; in the scene's background, the sports announcer is celebrating West Germany's victory and shouting \"Deutschland ist wieder was!\" (Germany is something again); the film uses this as the symbol of Germany's recovery from the ravages of the Second World War.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 28], "content_span": [29, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071674-0034-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup, In film\nS\u00f6nke Wortmann's 2003 German box-office hit The Miracle of Bern (in German: Das Wunder von Bern) re-tells the story of the German team's route to victory through the eyes of a young boy who admires the key player of the final, Helmut Rahn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 28], "content_span": [29, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071675-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup Final\nThe 1954 FIFA World Cup Final was the final match of the 1954 FIFA World Cup, the fifth World Cup in FIFA history. The game was played at the Wankdorf Stadium in Bern, Switzerland, on 4 July 1954, and saw West Germany beat the heavily favoured Golden Team of Hungary 3\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071675-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup Final\nThe 1954 final is often listed as one of the greatest matches in World Cup history, and also one of its most unexpected upsets. Beyond football, some historians ascribe the match a lasting impact on both German and Hungarian post-World War II history, contributing in West Germany to a sense of regained international recognition after the lost Second World War and denazification, and in Hungary to discontent with the communist-authoritarian regime in the run-up to the 1956 Hungarian revolution. In Germany, the 1954 final is known as the Miracle of Bern (German: Wunder von Bern).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 610]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071675-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup Final\nThe win earned Germany its first of four World Cup titles, with the other titles to follow in 1974 and 1990 as West Germany, and in 2014 as reunified Germany. West Germany was the third country to win a World Cup, following Uruguay (1930 and 1950) and Italy (1934 and 1938), although, different from Uruguay and Italy, West Germany won its maiden title as a guest rather than host. For Hungary, the second place in 1954 remains the best World Cup result to date, jointly with finishing runners-up in 1938. The 1954 tournament is the only FIFA World Cup thus far in which two teams from Central Europe contested the final, with another Central European team, that of Austria, finishing third in the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 736]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071675-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup Final\nHorst Eckel (born 1932) is the only surviving member from this match, as of July 2021.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071675-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup Final, Background, Hungary\nHungary's legendary Golden Team \u2013 also known as the Mighty Magyars \u2013 was the favorite to win the 1954 World Cup. In the five years prior to the final, it had remained unbeaten in 31 games (32 if counting a match against East Germany in 1952 that is not considered an official international). Hungary was also the reigning Olympic Champion and winner of the Central European International Cup in 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 46], "content_span": [47, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071675-0004-0001", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup Final, Background, Hungary\nIn 1953, Hungary had defeated England 6\u20133, becoming the first team outside the UK and Ireland to beat England on home soil, and had thrashed England 7\u20131 in Budapest just before the World Cup. Hungary did not have to play qualifiers for the 1954 World Cup, as opponent Poland withdrew for lack of prospects.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 46], "content_span": [47, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071675-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup Final, Background, Hungary\nThe players of the Hungarian national team were full-time professionals. Most played for the army club Budapest Honv\u00e9d FC, or for MTK Budapest FC, which, in the 1950s, was run by Hungary's secret police. Several members of the Golden Team were well known and highly regarded for their skills, including forwards S\u00e1ndor Kocsis and Ferenc Pusk\u00e1s, attacking midfielder N\u00e1ndor Hidegkuti, half-back J\u00f3zsef Bozsik, outside forward Zolt\u00e1n Czibor and goalkeeper Gyula Grosics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 46], "content_span": [47, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071675-0005-0001", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup Final, Background, Hungary\nCoach Guszt\u00e1v Sebes, who was also Hungary's Deputy Minister for Sport, and MTK coach M\u00e1rton Bukovi are credited with developing further the rigid WM formation that was standard in European football in the early 1950s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 46], "content_span": [47, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071675-0005-0002", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup Final, Background, Hungary\nInnovations included pulling Hidegkuti \u2013 who was nominally listed as centre-forward \u2013 back into midfield to create space for the inside forwards, Pusk\u00e1s and Kocsis; employing Bozsik as deep-lying playmaker, with the other half-back, J\u00f3zsef Zakari\u00e1s, covering for Bozsik; requesting full-backs to assist in attack and wingers to assist in defence; and introducing flexible positional play that created confusion among opponents used to fixed roles and strict man-marking.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 46], "content_span": [47, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071675-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup Final, Background, West Germany\nThe three German entities emerging from the Second World War \u2013 West Germany, East Germany and the Saar protectorate \u2013 were not admitted to FIFA until late 1950. As a result, Germany missed the 1950 FIFA World Cup. In the early 1950s, Sepp Herberger \u2013 resuming the role as national team coach that he had already occupied between 1936 and 1942 \u2013 built the West German team around a nucleus of players from the club 1. FC Kaiserslautern, the German champions of 1951 and 1953, led by veteran playmaker Fritz Walter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 51], "content_span": [52, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071675-0006-0001", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup Final, Background, West Germany\nThe players were semi-professionals (Vertragsspieler), who often worked in a second job or owned a business to support their incomes. Prior to the 1954 tournament, West Germany had played only a few friendly internationals and a short qualifying campaign (against Norway and the Saar). This lack of international exposure left both national and foreign observers unclear about the quality of the German team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 51], "content_span": [52, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071675-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup Final, Background, West Germany\nHerberger advocated clear roles in defence but permanent positional switches in attack \u2013 dubbed the \"Herberger whirl\" \u2013 to unseat the opponents' defenders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 51], "content_span": [52, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071675-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup Final, Route to the final, Hungary\nIn the first stage, Hungary and West Germany were drawn into the same group (2). Hungary opened the World Cup with a 9\u20130 win over South Korea. It then played Germany, winning 8\u20133, and therefore qualified for the quarter-finals. In the game, Pusk\u00e1s suffered an ankle hairline fracture from a foul by German central defender Werner Liebrich that made Pusk\u00e1s miss the quarter- and semi-finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 54], "content_span": [55, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071675-0009-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup Final, Route to the final, Hungary\nIn the quarter-finals, Hungary beat co-favorites Brazil \u2013 runners-up of the 1950 World Cup \u2013 with 4\u20132, despite Pusk\u00e1s' absence. The hard-fought, grueling match became famous as the Battle of Berne. In the semi-finals, Hungary defeated defending World Cup champions Uruguay 4\u20132 after extra time. Also this match is regarded a classic for the high quality of both sides' attacking game. Kocsis scored twice in both the quarter- and semi-finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 54], "content_span": [55, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071675-0010-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup Final, Route to the final, Hungary\nFrom a statistical perspective, on the eve of the 1954 World Cup final, the Hungarian team held the highest Elo score for a national side to that date. Its rating was surpassed only in 2014 by Germany.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 54], "content_span": [55, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071675-0011-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup Final, Route to the final, West Germany\nWest Germany first played Turkey, winning 4\u20131. In the subsequent 3\u20138 loss to Hungary, Herberger rested several key players and played others out of position (for example, Fritz Walter as central striker instead of playmaker). The main purpose was to preserve energy for the upcoming decider against (once more) Turkey. However, by sparing his strongest eleven, Herberger may have obscured the real strength of the German team to its subsequent opponents, including Hungary. Germany won the decider against Turkey 7\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 59], "content_span": [60, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071675-0012-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup Final, Route to the final, West Germany\nWest Germany went as outsider into both its quarter- and semi-final matches. In the quarter-finals, West Germany beat highly regarded Yugoslavia \u2013 the Olympic silver medalists of 1952 \u2013 with 2\u20130. The team then went on to defeat Austria in the semi-finals, with an unexpectedly lopsided score of 6\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 59], "content_span": [60, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071675-0013-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup Final, Pre-match, Team preparations\nDuring the tournament, the Hungarian team took residence in a hotel in the town center of Solothurn. This had several repercussions. As Hungary's semi-final against Uruguay was decided only after extra time, the team missed the return bus from Lausanne, and had to organize private cars that arrived only late at night. The evening before the final, a village fair took place in front of the hotel that lasted until the early morning hours and disrupted the players' sleep. Further, Herberger's assistant Albert Sing checked into the hotel, from where he reported about the Hungarian team preparations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 55], "content_span": [56, 658]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071675-0014-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup Final, Pre-match, Team preparations\nBy contrast, the German team resided in the tranquil lake town of Spiez, where it was unaffected from such disturbances. The Spirit of Spiez became proverbial in Germany for describing the team's morale and comradeship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 55], "content_span": [56, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071675-0015-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup Final, Pre-match, Lineups and tactics\nPusk\u00e1s returned to the Hungarian squad for the final, despite doubts about his fitness. Further, Sebes replaced the customary right winger L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Budai with Mih\u00e1ly T\u00f3th, as he considered Budai too exhausted after the semi-finals. He also placed left winger Czibor on the right in the first half (switching with T\u00f3th), to exploit Czibor's speed against Germany's left fullback Werner Kohlmeyer. Other than this, Sebes fielded his standard formation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 57], "content_span": [58, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071675-0016-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup Final, Pre-match, Lineups and tactics\nThe German team had evolved in the course of the tournament, finding its final formation only in the semi-finals. In particular, central defender Liebrich and right winger Helmut Rahn secured places in the starting lineup only after strong performances in the quarter-finals against Yugoslavia. In the final, Herberger had Hidegkuti marked by a midfielder, Horst Eckel, to prevent Hidegkuti from pulling Liebrich out of the defence when he dropped deep into midfield. He also instructed left winger Hans Sch\u00e4fer to cover Bozsik when Hungary was attacking, to help Fritz Walter \u2013 who normally would have been Bozsik's marker \u2013 preserve energy and concentrate on organising the German game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 57], "content_span": [58, 746]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071675-0017-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup Final, Pre-match, Conditions\nThe match was played in heavy rain, conditions that the German side had christened \"Fritz Walter weather\", as Walter was known for playing his best football in the wet. In addition, the German team was equipped with boots supplied by Adidas that featured hitherto unknown, exchangeable, screw-in studs. The boots could be adapted to any weather, enabling the German players to wear their regular footwear despite the adverse conditions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 48], "content_span": [49, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071675-0018-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup Final, Match, Summary\nPusk\u00e1s put his team ahead after only six minutes, when Bozsik intercepted a pass from Liebrich and found Kocsis with a through ball. Kocsis' blocked shot fell to Pusk\u00e1s, and Pusk\u00e1s scored from close range. Czibor added a second goal for Hungary a mere two minutes later, exploiting a misunderstanding in the German defense: Kohlmeyer secured a through ball from Bozsik but wrong-footed goalkeeper Toni Turek with a back pass, who failed to control the ball. Czibor sprinted in between and put the ball into the empty net.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 41], "content_span": [42, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071675-0019-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup Final, Match, Summary\nWest Germany came back quickly. In the 10th minute, Fritz Walter played Rahn free on the left wing, who crossed low and hard into the center. The ball went through the legs of right fullback Jen\u0151 Buz\u00e1nszky, Zakari\u00e1s lunged for the ball but could only deflect it, and forward Max Morlock converted from close range. Eight minutes later Morlock dribbled through the Hungarian defense, but center back Gyula L\u00f3r\u00e1nt cleared for a corner. Fritz Walter played the corner short, Buz\u00e1nszky cleared for another corner. The second corner kick came long and high, finding Rahn, who leveled the score.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 41], "content_span": [42, 631]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071675-0020-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup Final, Match, Summary\nHungary took control after the equalizer and came to several good chances. In the 23rd minute, left fullback Mih\u00e1ly Lantos chipped the ball into the box, Kocsis headed on to Hidegkuti, but Hidegkuti's volley was saved spectacularly by Turek. Four minutes later, Hidegkuti fired another shot from the edge of the penalty box that hit the goal post. Only towards the end of the first half did West Germany come to more chances. In the 42nd minute, Fritz Walter found Sch\u00e4fer in the penalty box, who dribbled past L\u00f3r\u00e1nt and forced a save at full stretch from Grosics. The loose ball fell to Rahn, but Buz\u00e1nszky cleared on the goal line.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 41], "content_span": [42, 676]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071675-0021-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup Final, Match, Summary\nHungary came out attacking in the second half and created plentiful chances. Two minutes after the restart, Bozsik played Pusk\u00e1s free in the penalty box, but Pusk\u00e1s fired the ball straight at Turek. In the 54th minute, Kohlmeyer cleared twice on the goal line from T\u00f3th, and three minutes later Kocsis headed a cross by T\u00f3th against the cross bar. In the 67th minute, Turek saved a shot by Pusk\u00e1s with his foot, and in the 78th minute he left the goal line to block a through ball from Bozsik ahead of the onrushing Czibor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 41], "content_span": [42, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071675-0021-0001", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup Final, Match, Summary\nHidegkuti picked up the loose ball but shot into the side netting. West Germany's first good chance of the second half came in the 72nd minute when Fritz Walter played Rahn free after a corner kick, and Rahn's powerful shot from the edge of the penalty box was saved by Grosics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 41], "content_span": [42, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071675-0022-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup Final, Match, Summary\nWith six minutes left, Sch\u00e4fer dispossessed Bozsik and played a high cross into the penalty box. Rahn picked up Lantos' short clearance, feinted a pass to center forward Ottmar Walter that wrong-footed the Hungarian defenders, moved into the penalty box, and drove the ball hard and low past Grosics for the third German goal. Two minutes later, Pusk\u00e1s appeared to have leveled the score once more when he converted a through ball from T\u00f3th flicked on by Kocsis, but the attempt was ruled offside. In the final minute of the game, Czibor had another chance to equalize, but his shot from close range was again stopped by Turek.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 41], "content_span": [42, 669]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071675-0023-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup Final, Match, Summary\nThe whistle soon thereafter ended not only the match, but also the Golden Team's unbeaten run.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 41], "content_span": [42, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071675-0024-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup Final, Match, Statistics\nA match analysis by the website spielverlagerung.de, produced 60 years after the game based on data extracted from Herbert Zimmermann's live radio commentary, shows Hungary ahead in most categories, except goals scored. Hungarian superiority was especially pronounced during minutes 20\u201340 and 45\u201370, while West Germany had good phases towards the end of the first and second halves.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 44], "content_span": [45, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071675-0025-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup Final, Match, Statistics\nThe analysis also suggests that many Hungarian attacks went through the centre, in most cases orchestrated by Bozsik, who played numerous accurate through balls to Hungary's forwards. By contrast, the German team attacked almost exclusively from the wings, with Fritz Walter playing a key role as ball distributor and flexible offensive player generating numerical superiority in select portions of the pitch.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 44], "content_span": [45, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071675-0026-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup Final, Match, Statistics\nFurther, the data point to an excellent defensive performance by Liebrich, who \u2013 according to Zimmermann's commentary \u2013 blocked six shots, intercepted nine passes, and won all of his 10 one-on-one duels.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 44], "content_span": [45, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071675-0027-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup Final, Controversies, Refereeing decisions\nSeveral calls by the English referee William Ling came under scrutiny after the final. These included:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 62], "content_span": [63, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071675-0028-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup Final, Controversies, Doping allegations\nImmediately after the match, rumors emerged that the German team had taken performance-enhancing substances. Several members of the team fell ill with jaundice, presumably from a contaminated needle. Members of the team later claimed they had been injected glucose, and the team physician Franz Loogen said in 2004 that the players had only been given Vitamin C before the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 60], "content_span": [61, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071675-0029-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup Final, Controversies, Doping allegations\nA co-author of a 2010 study conducted by the University of Leipzig hypothesized that the German players, unbeknownst to them, may have been injected with Pervitin (methamphetamine) \u2013 a stimulant given to soldiers in World War II. The study itself, entitled \"Doping in Germany\", does not cover the 1954 World Cup. In any case, doping was not illegal in 1954, with doping controls introduced by FIFA only in 1966.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 60], "content_span": [61, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071675-0030-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup Final, Radio commentaries\nAs television was available only in a few homes or public places in 1954, the radio reports by Gy\u00f6rgy Szepesi and Herbert Zimmermann were the main vehicles for transmitting the World Cup final live to the Hungarian and West German populations. Both commentaries became legendary for their passionate, emotional reporting styles, and are sometimes credited with contributing to the charged atmosphere in both countries after the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 45], "content_span": [46, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071675-0031-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup Final, Radio commentaries\nSzepesi \u2013 who later became the chairman of the Hungarian Football Federation \u2013 had been a household name in Hungary since his report of the Golden Team's 6\u20133 victory over England in 1953. He started his commentary of the World Cup final with cautious confidence, reinforced after Hungary's opening goal: \"Pusk\u00e1s shoots... GOAL... A WONDERFUL GOAL! ... There is the lead. \u00d6csi 's [i.e., Puskas'] foot is fine, this one could see with this shot. ... And now: calmly, boys, just as we played at the 8\u20133\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 45], "content_span": [46, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071675-0031-0001", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup Final, Radio commentaries\nDoubts started creeping in after Germany shortened the lead \u2013 \"the clouds are piling up in front of the mountains... hopefully this is not a bad sign\" \u2013 and grew stronger at half time \u2013 \"it will be even more difficult than the matches before, more difficult perhaps than against Brazil and Uruguay\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 45], "content_span": [46, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071675-0032-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup Final, Radio commentaries\nSzepesi's doubts gave way to desperation with Germany's winning goal \u2013 \"dear listeners, Rahn's shot is in the goal, in the right corner, six minutes before the end... The boys are standing there, distraught. The crowd screams. Six more minutes. The Hungarian team has played brilliantly \u2013 I cannot say anything else. My tears are flowing, but believe me, the boys gave it all.\" \u2013 and Pusk\u00e1s disallowed equalizer \u2013 \"Pusk\u00e1s, you have the ball!!! SHOT!!! GOAL!!! ... OFFSIDE, offside; Griffiths indicated offside, my listeners, Griffiths has given offside \u2013 oh what a pity... what a pity\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 45], "content_span": [46, 632]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071675-0032-0001", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup Final, Radio commentaries\nAt the final whistle, Szepesi was fighting for composure: \"end of the game. West Germany's team is World Champion. Dear listeners, it is hard for me to say anything, believe me... But let's recognize that the West Germans were very fair and won deservedly. ... We have been unbeaten for four years. Now we have lost. This is not a tragedy, my listeners... this is a defeat in a football match\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 45], "content_span": [46, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071675-0033-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup Final, Radio commentaries\nBy contrast, Zimmermann kept expectations low at the outset, and continued in this vein after Hungary took the lead: \"this is a great day, this is a proud day \u2013 let's not be so presumptuous to think it would have to end successfully\". A measure of pride entered his voice after Germany's first \u2013 \"today it is no 3\u20138. Today it is not a B-team. Today Germany's strongest squad is playing\" \u2013 and second goal \u2013 \"we have equalized, against Hungary, the technically most gifted squad that one knows!\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 45], "content_span": [46, 541]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071675-0033-0001", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup Final, Radio commentaries\nSelf-esteem grew as the match progressed \u2013 \"six minutes still to play in Bern in the first half. Score: 2\u20132. This is more than what we dared to hope in our wildest dreams\" \u2013 including after Buz\u00e1nszky cleared Rahn's shot on the goal line: \"now, dear Hungarians, we have to say: now you have been lucky\". When Turek stopped Hidegkuti's volley from close range, Zimmermann famously called him a \"god\" and \"devil\" in the same sentence: \"shot \u2013 saved by Turek! Turek, you are a dare-devil, Turek, you are a football god! \".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 45], "content_span": [46, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071675-0034-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup Final, Radio commentaries\nProverbial in Germany are Zimmermann's description of the winning goal \u2013 \"Bozsik, time and again Bozsik, the right half-back of the Hungarians, with the ball. He has lost the ball this time, to Sch\u00e4fer... Sch\u00e4fer has crossed, header... cleared. From the deep Rahn ought to shoot \u2013 Rahn shoots - GOAL!! GOAL!! GOAL!! GOAL!! ... Goal for Germany! ... Call me crazy, call me mental, I believe also football laymen should have a heart!\" \u2013 and his jubilation at the end of the match: \"Over! Over! Over! ... Over! The game is over!\". Zimmermann also complimented the Hungarian team: \"Next to them stand the Hungarians... the Hungarians, calm, collected. Kudos to these boys, who can lose so gracefully, who have demonstrated to be true World Champions: when they once get beaten, they carry the defeat with dignity.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 45], "content_span": [46, 856]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071675-0035-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup Final, Post-match and aftermath, Reaction in Hungary\nThe loss came at a shock to Hungarian public. Spontaneous demonstrations erupted in Budapest and were directed not only against the team, but also the communist-authoritarian regime controlled by general secretary M\u00e1ty\u00e1s R\u00e1kosi, which had used the Golden Team's prestige to boost its own reputation. Goalkeeper Grosics characterized the post-match atmosphere in Hungary as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 72], "content_span": [73, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071675-0036-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup Final, Post-match and aftermath, Reaction in Hungary\n\"The reaction in Hungary was terrible. Hundreds of thousands of people poured into the streets in the hours after the match. On the pretext of football, they demonstrated against the regime ... in those demonstrations, I believe, lay the seeds of the 1956 uprising.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 72], "content_span": [73, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071675-0037-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup Final, Post-match and aftermath, Reaction in Hungary\nSebes was severely criticized for the team's selection and tactics, and blamed the negative reaction in part on Szepesi's emotional radio report. Sebes achieved that Szepesi was temporarily removed from commenting football matches for the Hungarian State Radio. The authorities revoked player privileges, such as the tacit approval of smuggling Western goods back to Hungary. Grosics \u2013 who some Hungarians blamed for the third German goal \u2013 was accused of espionage and treason, put temporarily under house arrest, and transferred against his will from Budapest Honv\u00e9d FC to the provincial team FC Tatab\u00e1nya.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 72], "content_span": [73, 681]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071675-0038-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup Final, Post-match and aftermath, Reaction in Germany\nThe unexpected win evoked a wave of euphoria throughout Germany, which suffered from a lack of international recognition in the aftermath of World War II, and where expressions of national pride were still tainted with the recent past. Some publicists described the 1954 victory as a turning point in post-war German history, notably Arthur Heinrich and Joachim Fest. In Fest's words:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 72], "content_span": [73, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071675-0039-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup Final, Post-match and aftermath, Reaction in Germany\n\"It was a kind of liberation for the Germans from all the things that weighed down upon them after the Second World War ... July 4, 1954 is in certain aspects the founding day of the German Republic.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 72], "content_span": [73, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071675-0040-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup Final, Post-match and aftermath, Reaction in Germany\nThe World Cup final was also the first time since the Second World War that the German national anthem was played at a global sporting event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 72], "content_span": [73, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071675-0041-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup Final, Post-match and aftermath, Mighty Magyars and Heroes of Bern after 1954\nHungary's Golden Team remained largely intact until the failed Hungarian Revolution of 1956, except that coach Sebes was replaced with Bukovi in early 1956. After the revolution, Pusk\u00e1s, Czibor and Kocsis emigrated and, ultimately, continued their careers in Spain, playing for Real Madrid (Pusk\u00e1s) and FC Barcelona (Czibor and Kocsis), respectively. At the 1958 FIFA World Cup, only four players from the Mighty Magyars still featured \u2013 Bozsik, Budai, Grosics, Hidegkuti \u2013 but were unable to repeat earlier success.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 97], "content_span": [98, 614]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071675-0041-0001", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup Final, Post-match and aftermath, Mighty Magyars and Heroes of Bern after 1954\nIn the 1960s and beyond, Hidegkuti, Pusk\u00e1s, and L\u00f3r\u00e1nt became prominent international coaches, managing clubs such as Panathinaikos (Pusk\u00e1s), Fiorentina (Hidegkuti), and Bayern Munich (L\u00f3r\u00e1nt). L\u00f3r\u00e1nt's admission to the German Sport University Cologne was arranged by Herberger. Several other Golden Team members had success as coaches in the domestic Hungarian league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 97], "content_span": [98, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071675-0042-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup Final, Post-match and aftermath, Mighty Magyars and Heroes of Bern after 1954\nThe West German players became instantaneously famous in Germany as the Heroes of Bern. Several received lucrative offers to play abroad, but none accepted, continuing instead as semi-professionals in German clubs. Herberger overhauled the national team after the tournament. Hence, of the winning 1954 side, only Eckel, Rahn, Sch\u00e4fer, and a 37-year old Fritz Walter still played at the 1958 World Cup, reaching the semi-finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 97], "content_span": [98, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071675-0042-0001", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup Final, Post-match and aftermath, Mighty Magyars and Heroes of Bern after 1954\nFew of the 1954 World Champions went into coaching; an exception is Liebrich, who is credited with saving his home club Kaiserslautern from Bundesliga relegation in 1965 \u2013 with L\u00f3r\u00e1nt becoming Liebrich's successor in the following season. Some players had difficulties to cope with fame, and struggled at times with economic problems and alcoholism.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 97], "content_span": [98, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071675-0043-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup Final, Post-match and aftermath, Mighty Magyars and Heroes of Bern after 1954\nIn 1990, after the downfall of the Iron Curtain, the German Football Association invited the surviving members of Hungary's 1954 team to join celebrations for Fritz Walter's 70th birthday. In the years that followed, both teams organized annual get-togethers, which Grosics described as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 97], "content_span": [98, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071675-0044-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup Final, Post-match and aftermath, Mighty Magyars and Heroes of Bern after 1954\n\"I believe the friendship between the former Hungarian and German players can be called the world's most extraordinary. We met regularly over years and decades, alternately in Hungary and in Germany. I believe that these friendships were formed not only by the sport, but that high regard for the human beings also played a part. Between us such a relationship developed which, as I would like to stress once more, is unthinkable among national team players.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 97], "content_span": [98, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071675-0045-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup Final, Post-match and aftermath, Mighty Magyars and Heroes of Bern after 1954\nIn January 2015, the last surviving of the Golden Hungarian team \u2013 Jen\u0151 Buz\u00e1nszky \u2013 died. The death of Hans Sch\u00e4fer in November 2017 left Horst Eckel as the last player from the game who is still alive.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 97], "content_span": [98, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071676-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup Group 1\nGroup 1 of the 1954 FIFA World Cup took place from 16 to 19 June 1954. The group consisted of Brazil, France, Mexico, and Yugoslavia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071677-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup Group 2\nGroup 2 of the NGSin NGSin Hungary, South Korea, Turkey, and West Germany.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071678-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup Group 3\nGroup 3 of the 1954 FIFA World Cup took place from 16 to 19 June 1954. The group consisted of Austria, Czechoslovakia, Scotland, and Uruguay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071679-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup Group 4\nGroup 4 of the 1954 FIFA World Cup took place from 17 to 23 June 1954. The group consisted of Belgium, England, Italy, and Switzerland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071679-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup Group 4, Matches, England vs Belgium\nEngland looked set for victory when they led 3-1 early in the second half. But defensive lapses handed their opponents two simple goals, which took the game into extra time. Nat Lofthouse then edged England back in front before an unlucky headed own goal by Jimmy Dickinson handed the Belgians a draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 56], "content_span": [57, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071680-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup knockout stage\nThe knockout stage of the 1954 FIFA World Cup was the second and final stage of the competition, following the group stage. The knockout stage began on 26 June with the quarter-finals and ended on 4 July 1954 with the final match, held at the Wankdorf Stadium in Bern. The top two teams from each group (eight in total) advanced to the knockout stage to compete in a single-elimination style tournament. A third place play-off also was played between the two losing teams of the semi-finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071680-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup knockout stage\nWest Germany won the final 3\u20132 against Hungary for their first World Cup title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071680-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup knockout stage, Qualified teams\nThe top two placed teams from each of the four groups qualified for the knockout stage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 51], "content_span": [52, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071681-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup qualification\nA total of 37 teams entered the 1954 FIFA World Cup qualification rounds, competing for a total of 16 spots in the final tournament. Switzerland, as the hosts, and Uruguay, as the defending champions, qualified automatically, leaving 14 spots open for competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071681-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup qualification\n37 teams were divided into 13 groups, based on geographical considerations, as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071681-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup qualification\nA total of 33 teams played at least one qualifying match. A total of 57 qualifying matches were played, and 208 goals were scored (an average of 3.65 per match).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071681-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup qualification\nListed below are the dates and results of the qualification rounds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071681-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup qualification, Groups, Group 2\nBelgium qualified. This is the first time Sweden failed to qualify.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 50], "content_span": [51, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071681-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup qualification, Groups, Group 6\nSpain and Turkey finished level on points, and a play-off on neutral ground was played to decide who would qualify.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 50], "content_span": [51, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071681-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup qualification, Groups, Group 6\nLuigi Franco Gemma, a 14-year-old Italian boy whose father worked at the stadium, picked Turkey's name from the lots with his eyes blindfolded. Since the 1970 FIFA World Cup finals, goal difference has been used as a tiebreaker for future qualifying rounds. Had those rules been in place, Spain would have qualified, and Turkey would have been eliminated. This is the first time Spain failed to qualify. Therefore, Turkey qualified. This was the only time winner of the aggregate score failed to qualify.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 50], "content_span": [51, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071681-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup qualification, Groups, Group 7\nPoland withdrew and Iceland have their entry rejected so Hungary qualified automatically.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 50], "content_span": [51, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071681-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup qualification, Groups, Group 8\nCzechoslovakia qualified. This was the first time Romania failed to qualify.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 50], "content_span": [51, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071681-0009-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup qualification, Groups, Group 11\nBrazil qualified. This was the first time South American zone qualification matches were played.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 51], "content_span": [52, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071681-0010-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup qualification, Groups, Group 12\nMexico  qualified. The United States failed to qualify for the first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 51], "content_span": [52, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071681-0011-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup qualification, Qualified teams\n6 of the 16 teams subsequently failed to qualify for the 1958 finals: Belgium, Italy, South Korea, Switzerland, Turkey and Uruguay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 50], "content_span": [51, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071682-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup qualification (AFC \u2013 Group 13)\nAfter India and Vietnam had their entries rejected, the three teams in this group played against each other once. The group winner South Korea qualified for the fifth FIFA World Cup held in Switzerland. Republic of China withdrew the qualification.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071683-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 1\nThe three teams in this group played against each other on a home-and-away basis. The group winner West Germany qualified for the fifth FIFA World Cup held in Switzerland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071683-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 1, Group 1, Norway vs Saarland\nTeam: - GK - Olaf F\u00f8rli - DF - Erik Holmberg - DF - Yngve Karlsen - MF - Thorbj\u00f8rn Svenssen - MF - Thor Hernes - MF - Thorleif Olsen - FW - Gunnar Thoresen - FW - Asbj\u00f8rn Andersen - FW - Knut Dahlen - FW - Leif Olsen - FW - Harald Hennum", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 70], "content_span": [71, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071683-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 1, Group 1, Norway vs Saarland\nUnused Substitutes: - GK - Asbj\u00f8rn Hansen - DF - Harry Boye Karlsen - DF - Arne Bakker - FW - Kjell Kristiansen - FW - Willy Olsen", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 70], "content_span": [71, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071683-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 1, Group 1, Norway vs Saarland\nMatch rules:90 minutesone injured player can besubstituted before half time", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 70], "content_span": [71, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071683-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 1, Group 1, Norway vs Saarland\nTeam: - GK - Erwin Strempel - DF - Theodor Puff sub first half - DF - Albert Keck - MF - Kurt Clemens - MF - Peter Momber - MF - Waldemar Philippi - FW - Werner Otto - FW - Herbert Martin - FW - Herbert Binkert - FW - Gerhard Siedl - FW - Karl Schirra", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 70], "content_span": [71, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071683-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 1, Group 1, Norway vs Saarland\nScorers:2-1 Herbert Binkert (16')2-2 Werner Otto (30')2-3 Gerhard Siedl (55')", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 70], "content_span": [71, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071683-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 1, Group 1, Norway vs West Germany\nTeam: - GK - Asbj\u00f8rn Hansen - DF - Harry Boye Karlsen - DF - Oddvar Hansen - MF - Thorbj\u00f8rn Svenssen - MF - Thor Hernes - MF - Thorleif Olsen - FW - Leif Olsen - FW - Arne Natland - FW - Gunnar Dybwad sub 63' injured - FW - Gunnar Thoresen - FW - Harald Hennum", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 74], "content_span": [75, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071683-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 1, Group 1, Norway vs West Germany\nUnused Substitutes: - GK - Olaf F\u00f8rli -\u00a0? - Knut Gudem - FW - Ragnar Hvidsten", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 74], "content_span": [75, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071683-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 1, Group 1, Norway vs West Germany\nMatch rules:90 minutesone injured player can besubstituted before half time", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 74], "content_span": [75, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071683-0009-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 1, Group 1, Norway vs West Germany\nTeam: - GK - Toni Turek - DF - Werner Kohlmeyer - DF - Erich Retter - MF - Erich Schanko - MF - Jupp Posipal - MF - Horst Eckel - FW - Hans Sch\u00e4fer sub 42' - FW - Fritz Walter (capt.) - FW - Ottmar Walter - FW - Max Morlock - FW - Helmut Rahn", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 74], "content_span": [75, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071683-0010-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 1, Group 1, West Germany vs Saarland\nTeam: - GK - Toni Turek - DF - Herbert Erhardt - DF - Erich Retter - MF - Richard Gottinger sub 38' - MF - Jupp Posipal - MF - Karl Mai - FW - Hans Sch\u00e4fer - FW - Karl-Heinz Metzner - FW - Horst Schade - FW - Max Morlock - FW - Helmut Rahn", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 76], "content_span": [77, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071683-0011-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 1, Group 1, West Germany vs Saarland\nScorers:1-0 Max Morlock (13')2-0 Max Morlock (51')3-0 Horst Schade (71')", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 76], "content_span": [77, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071683-0012-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 1, Group 1, West Germany vs Saarland\nMatch rules:90 minutesone injured player can besubstituted before half time", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 76], "content_span": [77, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071683-0013-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 1, Group 1, West Germany vs Saarland\nTeam: - GK - Erwin Strempel - DF - Theodor Puff - DF - Nikolaus Biewer - MF - Waldemar Philippi - MF - Peter Momber - MF - Karl Berg sub 65' injured - FW - Gerhard Siedl - FW - Kurt Clemens - FW - Jakob Balzert - FW - Herbert Martin - FW - Werner Otto", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 76], "content_span": [77, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071683-0014-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 1, Group 1, Saarland vs Norway\nTeam: - GK - Erwin Strempel - DF - Theodor Puff - DF - Nikolaus Biewer - MF - Kurt Clemens - MF - Waldemar Philippi - MF - Peter Momber - FW - Helmut Fottner - FW - Gerhard Siedl - FW - Jakob Balzert - FW - Herbert Martin - FW - Werner Otto", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 70], "content_span": [71, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071683-0015-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 1, Group 1, Saarland vs Norway\nMatch rules:90 minutesone injured player can besubstituted before half time", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 70], "content_span": [71, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071683-0016-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 1, Group 1, Saarland vs Norway\nTeam: - GK - Asbj\u00f8rn Hansen - DF - Harry Boye Karlsen - DF - Oddvar Hansen - MF - Thorbj\u00f8rn Svenssen - MF - Thor Hernes - MF - Thorleif Olsen - FW - Willy Olsen - FW - Hans Nordahl - FW - Gunnar Dybwad - FW - Gunnar Thoresen - FW - Harald Hennum", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 70], "content_span": [71, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071683-0017-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 1, Group 1, Saarland vs Norway\nUnused Substitutes: - GK - Olaf F\u00f8rli - DF - Erik Holmberg - FW - Ragnar Hvidsten - FW - Arne Natland", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 70], "content_span": [71, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071683-0018-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 1, Group 1, West Germany vs Norway\nTeam: - GK - Toni Turek - DF - Werner Kohlmeyer - DF - Erich Retter - MF - Horst Eckel - MF - Jupp Posipal - MF - Karl Mai - FW - Richard Herrmann - FW - Fritz Walter (capt.) - FW - Ottmar Walter - FW - Max Morlock - FW - Helmut Rahn", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 74], "content_span": [75, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071683-0019-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 1, Group 1, West Germany vs Norway\nScorers:1-1 Max Morlock (26')2-1 Max Morlock (63')3-1 Ottmar Walter (69')4-1 Fritz Walter (80')5-1 Helmut Rahn (86')", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 74], "content_span": [75, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071683-0020-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 1, Group 1, West Germany vs Norway\nMatch rules:90 minutesone injured player can besubstituted before half time", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 74], "content_span": [75, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071683-0021-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 1, Group 1, West Germany vs Norway\nTeam: - GK - Asbj\u00f8rn Hansen - DF - Harry Boye Karlsen sub 29' - DF - Oddvar Hansen - MF - Thorbj\u00f8rn Svenssen - MF - Thor Hernes - MF - Thorleif Olsen - FW - Ragnar Hvidsten - FW - Hans Nordahl - FW - Gunnar Dybwad - FW - Gunnar Thoresen - FW - Willy Fossli", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 74], "content_span": [75, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071683-0022-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 1, Group 1, West Germany vs Norway\nUnused Substitutes: - GK - Olaf F\u00f8rli - FW - Harald Hennum - FW - Arne Natland", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 74], "content_span": [75, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071683-0023-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 1, Group 1, Saarland vs West Germany\nTeam: - GK - Erwin Strempel - DF - Albert Keck - DF - Nikolaus Biewer - MF - Kurt Clemens - MF - Waldemar Philippi sub injured (*) - MF - Peter Momber - FW - Karl Schirra - FW - Gerhard Siedl - FW - Herbert Binkert - FW - Herbert Martin - FW - Werner Otto", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 76], "content_span": [77, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071683-0024-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 1, Group 1, Saarland vs West Germany\nMatch rules:90 minutesone injured player can besubstituted before half time", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 76], "content_span": [77, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071683-0025-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 1, Group 1, Saarland vs West Germany\nTeam: - GK - Toni Turek - DF - Werner Kohlmeyer - DF - Erich Retter - MF - Erich Schanko - MF - Werner Liebrich - MF - Jupp Posipal - FW - Hans Sch\u00e4fer - FW - Josef R\u00f6hrig - FW - Fritz Walter (capt.) sub 31' - FW - Max Morlock - FW - Helmut Rahn", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 76], "content_span": [77, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071683-0026-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 1, Group 1, Saarland vs West Germany\nScorers:0-1 Max Morlock (37')0-2 Max Morlock (51')1-3 Hans Sch\u00e4fer (83')", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 76], "content_span": [77, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071684-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 10\nThe three teams in this group played against each other on a home-and-away basis. The group winner Yugoslavia qualified for the 1954 FIFA World Cup held in Switzerland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071684-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 10, Team stats, Greece\nHead coach:  Kostas Negrepontis (first and second match),  Ioannis Chelmis (third and fourth match)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 62], "content_span": [63, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071685-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 2\nThe three teams in this group played against each other on a home-and-away basis. The group winner Belgium qualified for the fifth FIFA World Cup held in Switzerland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071685-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 2, Team stats, Belgium\nHead coach:  Bill Gormlie (first and second match);  Doug Livingstone (third and fourth match)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 62], "content_span": [63, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071686-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 4\nThe three teams in this group played against each other on a home-and-away basis. The group winner France qualified for the fifth FIFA World Cup held in Switzerland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071686-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 4, Team stats, Republic of Ireland\nHead coach: none, selected by committee, team manager:  Alex Stevenson", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 74], "content_span": [75, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071687-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 5\nThe 1954 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 5 contained Austria and Portugal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071688-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 6\nThe 1954 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 6 contained Spain and Turkey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071688-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 6, Matches\nSpain and Turkey finished level on points, and a play-off on neutral ground was played to decide who would qualify.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 50], "content_span": [51, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071688-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 6, Matches\nTurkey qualified after drawing lots. Since the 1970 FIFA World Cup finals, goal difference has been used as a tiebreaker for future qualifying rounds. Had those rules been in place, Spain would have qualified, and Turkey would have been eliminated. A 14-year-old local (i.e. Roman) boy whose father worked at the stadium, Luigi Franco Gemma, picked Turkey's name from the lots with his eyes blindfolded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 50], "content_span": [51, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071689-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 9\nThe 1954 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 9 contained Italy and Egypt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071689-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 9, Team stats, Italy\nHead coach: Technical Commission:  Lajos Czeizler,  Angelo Schiavio,  Silvio Piola", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 60], "content_span": [61, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071690-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup squads\nBelow are the squads for the 1954 FIFA World Cup final tournament in Switzerland. This was the first World Cup where the players were assigned squad numbers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071690-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup squads\nScotland were the only team to have players from foreign clubs (namely 7 players from English clubs).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071690-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup squads, Group 1, Mexico\nRoca, Ochoa, Cortes, although registered the official list remained on stand by in Mexico", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 43], "content_span": [44, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071690-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup squads, Group 2, Turkey\nGurbuz, G\u00fcnar and Ayta\u00e7, although registered the official list remained on stand by in Turkey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 43], "content_span": [44, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071690-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup squads, Group 3, Scotland\nHead coach: Andy Beattie (quit after first match; remaining match was managed by a selection committee)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 45], "content_span": [46, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071690-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA World Cup squads, Notes\nEach national team had to submit a squad of 22 players. All the teams included 3 goalkeepers, except Yugoslavia, Mexico, South Korea, Uruguay, Scotland and England who only called two.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 33], "content_span": [34, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071691-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 FIFA Youth Tournament Under-18\nThe FIFA Youth Tournament Under-18 1954 Final Tournament was held in West Germany. It was the last time the FIFA was organiser, from next year on, the UEFA would take over.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071692-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Faroese general election\nGeneral elections were held in the Faroe Islands on 8 November 1954. The Union Party emerged as the largest party in the L\u00f8gting, winning 7 of the 27 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071693-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Finnish parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Finland on 7 and 8 March 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071693-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Finnish parliamentary election, Background\nIn June 1953, Prime Minister Urho Kekkonen had presented a simultaneous deflationary program, which tried to lower wages, prices and public expenditures to the level of the export industry's profitability. Among other proposals, the deflationary program aimed to remove the Finnish parents' family allowances for their first children, reduce income, sales and corporate taxes, cut the interest rate, and reduce wages by 10%. Finance Minister Juho Niukkanen (Agrarian League) presented an austerity budget to Parliament in September 1953, which proposed cutting all major government expenditures by 15%. The Social Democratic Party and People's Party of Finland opposed the austerity budget.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 738]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071693-0001-0001", "contents": "1954 Finnish parliamentary election, Background\nSince Parliament refused to approve the government's planned changes to the state-subsidized apartment buildings' and other residences' construction, Kekkonen resigned in November 1953. Despite President Juho Kusti Paasikivi's urgings (in his opinion, Kekkonen was a valuable Prime Minister because he managed Finnish-Soviet relations skilfully), the Social Democrats refused to allow Kekkonen to continue as Prime Minister.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071693-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Finnish parliamentary election, Background\nSakari Tuomioja, a member of the Liberal League who had earlier served in the government, for example as Foreign Minister, and had been Governor of the Bank of Finland since 1945, formed a centre-right caretaker government. Tuomioja's government wanted to keep rationing wages, but wanted to dismantle other types of rationing. Coffee was released from rationing in March 1954. Finnish exports grew, and the government's expenditures increased by over 20% compared to Kekkonen's fourth government's proposal. Various right-wingers and Social Democrats preferred early elections to boost their number of deputies, and to prevent Kekkonen from becoming Prime Minister again. Given President Paasikivi's advanced age (83 years) and close relations with Kekkonen, the latter could well succeed Paasikivi as President, should Paasikivi suddenly die or resign.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 902]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071693-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Finnish parliamentary election, Background\nThe Social Democrats went to the election campaign trail with the lofty slogan:  \"Kekkonen Kampinkadulle\" (lit. Kekkonen Back to Camp Street (Kampinkatu), his home of 25 years before his premiership & which was subsequently renamed after him). To their surprise and to that of right-wingers, the Agrarians gained two seats, while the Social Democrats, National Coalition Party and Swedish People's Party suffered a net loss of four seats. Ralf T\u00f6rngren of the Swedish People's Party formed a centre-left government in May 1954, with Kekkonen as Foreign Minister.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 610]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071693-0003-0001", "contents": "1954 Finnish parliamentary election, Background\nThe Central Organisation of Finnish Trade Unions favoured the lowering of living costs, through subsidies, to the start level of the economic stabilization period. The Social Democrats and Agrarians agreed and, dissatisfied with Prime Minister T\u00f6rngren's economic compromises, caused T\u00f6rngren to resign and Kekkonen to become Prime Minister for the fifth time in October 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071694-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Five Nations Championship\nThe 1954 Five Nations Championship was the twenty-fifth series of the rugby union Five Nations Championship. Including the previous incarnations as the Home Nations and Five Nations, this was the sixtieth series of the northern hemisphere rugby union championship. Ten matches were played between 9 January and 10 April. It was contested by England, France, Ireland, Scotland and Wales. Wales, England and France shared the championship; this marked France's first title. England won the Triple Crown and the Calcutta Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071694-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Five Nations Championship\nEngland missed out on a seventh Grand Slam after losing to France at Stade Colombes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071694-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Five Nations Championship, Results\nThis was the last Ireland international played at Ravenhill until 2007. Players from the Republic of Ireland threatened not to line out for the UK anthem unless their anthem and flag were also used. The IRFU resolved the issue by moving all future home matches to Dublin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071695-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Florida A&M Rattlers football team\nThe 1954 Florida A&M Rattlers football team was an American football team that represented Florida A&M University as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SIAC) during the 1954 college football season. In their 10th season under head coach Jake Gaither, the Rattlers compiled an 8\u20131 record, including a victory over Maryland State in the Orange Blossom Classic. The team played its home games at Bragg Stadium in Tallahassee, Florida.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 498]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071695-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Florida A&M Rattlers football team\nThe Pittsburgh Courier selected Florida A&M as Black college national co-champion in a five-way tie with four other teams. The \"Pigskin Huddle\" rated Florida A&M No. 2 with Tennessee A&I as the national champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071696-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Florida Gators football team\nThe 1954 Florida Gators football team represented the University of Florida during the 1954 college football season. The season was the fifth for Bob Woodruff as the Florida Gators football team's head coach. The Gators' standout players included running back Mal Hammack. The season was one of mixed results for the Gators: their best-ever Southeastern Conference (SEC) win\u2013loss record, balanced by five overall losses. The highlights of the season were five SEC wins over the fifth-ranked Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets (13\u201312), Auburn Tigers (19\u201313), Kentucky Wildcats (21\u20137), Mississippi State Maroons (7\u20130) and Tennessee Volunteers (14\u20130). Woodruff's 1954 Florida Gators finished 5\u20135 overall and 5\u20132 in the SEC, placing third in the twelve-team conference\u2014their best SEC showing to date.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 823]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071697-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Florida State Seminoles football team\nThe 1954 Florida State Seminoles football team represented Florida State University in the 1954 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071698-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Florida gubernatorial special election\nThe 1954 Florida gubernatorial special election was held on November 2, 1954. Democratic nominee LeRoy Collins defeated Republican nominee J. Thomas Watson with 80.43% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071698-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Florida gubernatorial special election, Background\nOn September 28, 1953, Governor Daniel T. McCarty, who was elected in the 1952 gubernatorial election, died in office of pneumonia. McCarty's death elevated Florida Senate President Charley E. Johns to acting governor and a special election for November 1954 was called to fill the position for the final two years of McCarty's term. The state constitution was revised in 1968 to establish a position of Lieutenant Governor who is first in line to succeed the governor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 55], "content_span": [56, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071698-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Florida gubernatorial special election, Primary elections\nPrimary elections were held on May 4, 1954, with the Democratic runoff held on May 25, 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 62], "content_span": [63, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071698-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Florida gubernatorial special election, General election, Campaign\nWatson, the Republican nominee, died on 24 October. His name remained on the ballot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 71], "content_span": [72, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071699-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Football Championship of the Ukrainian SSR\nThe 1954 Football Championship of UkrSSR were part of the 1954 Soviet republican football competitions in the Soviet Ukraine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071700-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Footscray Football Club season\nThe 1954 Footscray season was the club's 29th since they began competing in the Victorian Football League (VFL) in 1925. After falling short in the Preliminary final the previous season, the Bulldogs finally won through to their first Grand Final, and beat Melbourne to claim their first VFL premiership, making them the first of the teams admitted to the VFL in 1925 to do so.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 413]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071700-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Footscray Football Club season, Home-and-Away Season Summary and Results\nThe Bulldogs went into the 1954 VFL season as premiership contenders. However, the season did not start well with losses St Kilda and Richmond, both of which finished in the bottom four the previous season. In the following two matches, against South Melbourne and Carlton, the club returned to form with Jack Collins booting eight and nine goals respectively to help propel the Bulldogs to victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 77], "content_span": [78, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071700-0001-0001", "contents": "1954 Footscray Football Club season, Home-and-Away Season Summary and Results\nIn Round 7 against Hawthorn at Glenferrie Oval, Footscray, led by Don Ross after Ted Whitten injured his shoulder, came from 23 points down at the last break to kick seven goals and win by nine points. With Richmond upsetting Collingwood at Victoria Park that same day, the Bulldogs went to the top of the ladder, where they would stay until Round 11, when they lost to Collingwood by ten points in a top-of-the-ladder clash at Victoria Park.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 77], "content_span": [78, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071700-0001-0002", "contents": "1954 Footscray Football Club season, Home-and-Away Season Summary and Results\nFootscray slipped to fourth in Round 16 when, at Arden Street Oval against North Melbourne, they looked set for a win, being 13 points up with five minutes remaining, before the home side rallied to snatch a draw with a behind on the siren. With two rounds remaining and seven teams still in contention for a finals berth, the pressure was on the Bulldogs when they met second-placed Essendon at Windy Hill. In a performance that set them up for their premiership success, Footscray won the match with a decisive five-goal-to-none third quarter to run out 19-point winners. Whitten was judged best on ground and Collins kicked six goals, while Essendon were clearly missing full-forward John Coleman, who had gone down with a career-ending knee injury earlier in the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 77], "content_span": [78, 852]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071700-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Footscray Football Club season, 1954 Finals Series\nCaptain-coach Charlie Sutton, who had been struggling since injuring his left knee against Carlton, was declared fit by the selectors to play against Geelong in the Semi Final after getting through a training session, but pulled out at the last minute on advice of the club doctor. Lionel Ryan, who had been dropped to accommodate Sutton, was reinstated to the team, and defender Wally Donald took charge of the team on the field.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 55], "content_span": [56, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071700-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Footscray Football Club season, 1954 Finals Series\nThe Melbourne Cricket Ground was undergoing renovation work to be ready for the 1956 Summer Olympics, and the demolition of the public stand left a gap for the breeze to affect the game. Geelong kicked with the wind in the first quarter, and in the early going it looked like the pace and class which had taken them to the last three Grand Finals would again do the job. The Bulldogs began to work their way into the match, led by their defence \u2013 the finest in the League \u2013 which managed to restrict Geelong to four goals whilst themselves kicking three against the wind, goals that would be crucial in deciding the outcome.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 55], "content_span": [56, 680]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071701-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Fordham Rams football team\nThe 1954 Fordham Rams football team represented Fordham University during the 1954 college football season. The Rams went 1\u20137\u20131 and amassed 96 points while their defense allowed 292 points. It was their worst season since the winless 1946 campaign. Shortly afterwards, and following a disastrous, 41\u20130 season finale home loss to previously winless (0\u20139) Villanova, head coach Ed Danowski resigned. Speculation grew around five coaches, all former Fordham players, rumored as replacements.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071701-0000-0001", "contents": "1954 Fordham Rams football team\nIn order of likeliness the candidates were Vince Lombardi, at the time a backfield coach with the New York Giants; Johnny Druze, at the time a line coach with Notre Dame; Harry Jacunski, at the time a line coach with Yale and two long shots who were each successful in the high school ranks. They were Ray Riddick, at the time head coach of Lowell High School's powerhouse program in Massachusetts and Leo Paquin, in charge of Xavier High School's program in Manhattan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071701-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Fordham Rams football team\nIn the end none of the five were chosen. Instead, sighting poor attendance numbers and financial losses of $100,000 per year, the school decided to drop its football program on December, 15th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071701-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Fordham Rams football team\nAlumni, many hoping Lombardi would be named head coach, led a campaign to cover all operating costs for the 1955 season and honor an already announced schedule  in the process. The university however stood by their decision. After more pushing, the alumni movement was finally abandoned in May, 1955. With that came the lost opportunity at hiring, arguably, the single greatest football coach of all time. They also lost the services of freshmen quarterbacks Chuck Zimmerman and Jim Reese who had platooned the freshman team to a promising 3-1 record. Reese transferred to Minnesota where in 1958 he became the first Golden Gopher to throw for 200 yards in a game. Zimmerman transferred to Syracuse where in that same season he threw for over 700 yards while leading the Orangemen to the Orange Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 832]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071702-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Formula One season\nThe 1954 Formula One season was the eighth season of FIA Formula One motor racing. It featured the 1954 World Championship of Drivers and a number of non-championship races. The World Championship of Drivers was contested over a nine race series which commenced on 17 January and ended on 24 October 1954. The championship was won by Juan Manuel Fangio who drove, and won races, for both Maserati and Mercedes-Benz over the course of the series. Argentine drivers gained the first two positions in the championship with Jos\u00e9 Froil\u00e1n Gonz\u00e1lez placing second to his compatriot Fangio.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071702-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Formula One season, Championship summary\nWith Formula One changing to 2.5 litre unsupercharged engines for 1954, Mercedes re-entered Grand Prix racing for the first time since the Second World War at the French Grand Prix with the Mercedes-Benz W196, a streamlined single seater which Fangio and Karl Kling took to a 1\u20132 win. Fangio's French success had come after switching from the Maserati team, with whom he had won the first two Grands Prix of the season. Although the streamlined, closed-wheel body proved unsuitable for Silverstone, Mercedes produced a more conventional open-wheel body for the N\u00fcrburgring race; Fangio won three of the remaining four races.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 45], "content_span": [46, 670]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071702-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Formula One season, Championship summary\nReigning champion Alberto Ascari had a less successful switch of teams, choosing to leave Ferrari for the newly formed Lancia team. Lancia's car, the D50, was not ready until the final World Championship race, meaning he had to sit out most of his title defence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 45], "content_span": [46, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071702-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Formula One season, Championship summary\nChampionship points were awarded for first five places in each race on an 8-6-4-3-2 basis with 1 point awarded for the fastest lap. Only the best five of nine scores counted towards the championship. Points for shared drives were divided equally between the drivers, regardless of who had driven more laps unless one of the drivers was deemed to have completed \"insufficient distance\". Drivers who shared more than one car during a race received points only for their highest finish.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 45], "content_span": [46, 529]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071702-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Formula One season, Championship summary\nArgentine Onofre Marim\u00f3n was killed during practice for the German Grand Prix driving a Maserati 250F. It was the first fatality at a championship Formula One race weekend.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 45], "content_span": [46, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071702-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Formula One season, Season review\nThe following races counted towards the 1954 World Championship of Drivers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 38], "content_span": [39, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071702-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 Formula One season, Season review\nAll championship races were open to cars complying with FIA Formula One regulations with the exception of the Indianapolis 500 which was for cars complying with AAA National Championship regulations, and also counted towards the 1954 AAA Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 38], "content_span": [39, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071702-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 Formula One season, Season review\nThe Dutch Grand Prix was originally scheduled to be held at Zandvoort but there was no money for the race to be held, and it was cancelled.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 38], "content_span": [39, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071702-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 Formula One season, Season review\nThe German Grand Prix was given the honorary title of being the European Grand Prix of 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 38], "content_span": [39, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071702-0009-0000", "contents": "1954 Formula One season, Teams and drivers\nThe following teams and drivers competed in the 1954 FIA World Championship of Drivers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 42], "content_span": [43, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071702-0010-0000", "contents": "1954 Formula One season, World Championship of Drivers standings\nPoints were awarded on an 8\u20136\u20134\u20133\u20132 basis to the top five finishers at each race, with an additional point scored for the fastest lap. Only the best five results counted towards the championship. Numbers without parentheses are championship points; numbers in parentheses are total points scored.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 64], "content_span": [65, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071702-0011-0000", "contents": "1954 Formula One season, Non-championship races\nThe following is a summary of the races for Formula One cars staged during the 1954 season that did not count towards the 1954 World Championship of Drivers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 47], "content_span": [48, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071703-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 France rugby union tour of Argentina and Chile\nThe 1954 France rugby union tour of Argentina and Chile was a series of matches of the France national team during their tour to Argentina and Chile in 1954. It was the second visit of a French side to Argentina after the 1949 tour over the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071703-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 France rugby union tour of Argentina and Chile\nFrench touring party arrived in Buenos Aires and then moved to Hind\u00fa Club, where the team would reside during their stay in Argentina. All the games in Argentina were played at Gimnasia y Esgrima de Buenos Aires, the main venue for rugby games in those years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071703-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 France rugby union tour of Argentina and Chile, Match summary\nComplete list of matches played by France in Argentina and Chile:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 66], "content_span": [67, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071703-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 France rugby union tour of Argentina and Chile, Match details\nADF= Deportiva Francesa, BCR=Buenos Aires C.R.C., BAC=Belgrano A.C., CASI=C.A. San Isidro, CP=Pucar\u00e1, EB=La Plata, H= Hind\u00fa, LM=Los Matreros, LT=Los Tilos, OG= (Old Georgian), ORC= Olivos, OS= Obras Sanitarias, SIC=San Isidro Club", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 66], "content_span": [67, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071703-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 France rugby union tour of Argentina and Chile, Match details\nBelgrano A.C.: O.El\u00eda; L.Camard\u00f3n, R.Baz\u00e1n, E.Gahan, C.Lennon; M.Hughes, P.Felisari; R.Pineo, E.Arntsen (capt. ), E.Moore; A.Dillon, A.Parola; E.Hirsch; M.Caldwell J.Lescano. France: M.Vannier; G.Murillo, R.Martine, A.Boniface, L.Rog\u00e9; A.Haget, P.Danos, Y.Duffaut, M.Celaya, J.Barthe; B.Chevallier, P.Capitani; R.Bien\u00e9s (capt. ), P.Labadie, J.Bichindaritz.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 66], "content_span": [67, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071703-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 France rugby union tour of Argentina and Chile, Match details\nCombinado A: E.Ni\u00f1o (CASI); A.Caride (CASI), J.Guidi (ADF), E.Dramis (OS), C.Lennon (BAC); I.Comas (H), E.Holmgren (ORC); D.Cowan (BCR \u2013 capt. ), A.Bublath (O.S. ),R.Collie (OG); O.Mart\u00ednez ((ADF), C.Brondsted (ORC); R.Gorostiaga (LT), V.Christianson ((ADF), R.Ferrari (LM). France: M.Vannier; L.Rog\u00e9, R.Martine, R.Bassauri, A.Boniface; A.Haget, P.Danos; Y.Duffaut, M.Celaya, J.Barthe; B.Chevallier, P.Capitani; R.Bien\u00e9s (capt. ), J.B\u00e9n\u00e9ti\u00e9re, J.Bichindaritz.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 66], "content_span": [67, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071703-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 France rugby union tour of Argentina and Chile, Match details\nProvincia: R.Frigerio (CP); L.Caffarone (ORC RC), A.Palma (CP), A.Salinas (ORC), O.Bernacchi (CP); J.Guidi ADF G.Ehrman (capt. \u2013 CP); J.Lour\u00e9s (CP), M.Sarand\u00f3n (SIC), R.Grosse (ORC); E.Dom\u00ednguez (CP), O.Mart\u00ednez ADF; C.Travaglini (CASI), H.Lambruschini (ORC), R.Follet (OG). France: M.Vannier; G.Murillo, R.Martine, R.Bassauri, A.Boniface; A.Haget, P.Danos, Y.Duffaut, M.Celaya, J.Barthe; P.Capitani, B. 'Chevallier; R.Bien\u00e9s (capt. ), J.B\u00e9n\u00e9ti\u00e9re, J.Bichindaritz.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 66], "content_span": [67, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071703-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 France rugby union tour of Argentina and Chile, Match details\nC.A.S.I. : E.Ni\u00f1o; A.Caride, J.Berro Garc\u00eda, P.Guastavino, C.Ramallo; J.M.Belgrano (capt. ), F.Varela; L.Bavio, R.Aldao; R.Ochoa, W.Aniz, E.Pasman; C.Travaglini, M.Iraola, R.Lagarde. France: R.Bassauri; L.Rog\u00e9, J.Murillo, J.Meynard, A.Boniface; A.Haget, J.Barbe, R.Bien\u00e9s (capt. ), M.Celaya, J.Barthe; B.Chevallier, P.Capitani; A.Berilhes, J.B\u00e9n\u00e9ti\u00e9re, H.Lazies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 66], "content_span": [67, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071703-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 France rugby union tour of Argentina and Chile, Match details\nCapital: J.Comotto (H); J.Santiago (H), M.Hardy (AC), R.Bazan (BAC), C.Lennon (BAC), M.Hughes (BAC), P.Felisari (BAC); M.Aspiroz (OS), E.Arntsen (BAC), R.Pineo (BAC); B.Yustini (H), J.Repossi (OS); B.Grigol\u00f3n (H), M.Caldwell (BAC), E.Hirsch (BAC). France: M.Vannier; L.Rog\u00e9, R.Martine, A.Boniface, G, Muillo; R.Bassauri, P.Danos; J.Barthe, M.Celaya, Y.Duffaut; P.Capitani, B.Chevallier; R.Bien\u00e9s, P.Labadie, J.Bichindaritz.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 66], "content_span": [67, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071703-0009-0000", "contents": "1954 France rugby union tour of Argentina and Chile, Match details\nEva Per\u00f3n: C.Zaparat EB); J.Balb\u00edn (LT), C Mercader EB), A.Fern\u00e1ndez EB), E.Vergara (LT); J.Ocampo (LT), J.J\u00e1uregui EB); 1.Lembo EB), L.N\u00e1poli EB), M.Mor\u00f3n (LT); C.Olivera EB), E.Gitard (LT); R.Gorostiaga (capt. \u2013 LT), A.Dentone EB), R.Giner EB). France: M.Vannier; L.Rog\u00f3; R.Martine, R.Bassauri, A.Boniface; A.Haget, P.Danos; J.Barthe, M.Celaya (capt. ), Y.Duffaut; P.Capitani, B.Chevallier; A.Barilhe, P.Labadie, J.Bichindaritz.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 66], "content_span": [67, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071703-0010-0000", "contents": "1954 France rugby union tour of Argentina and Chile, Match details, First test\nArgentina: R.Frigerio (CP); E.Caffarone (ORC), A.Palma (CP), E.Gahan (BAC), O.Bernacchi (CP); M.Hughes (BAC), G.Ehrman (capt. \u2013 CP); M.Sarand\u00f3n (SIC), R.Grosse (ORC), R.Pineo (BAC); B.Yustini (H), E.Dom\u00ednguez (CP); E.Hirsch (BAC), V.Christianson ADF, B.Grigol\u00f3n (H). France: M.Vannier; A.Boniface, G.Murillo, I.Meynard, L.Rog\u00e9; R.Bassauri, P.Danos; J.Barthe, M.Celaya, Y.Duffaut; P.Capitani, B.Chevallier; R.Bien\u00e9s (capt. ), I.B\u00e9n\u00e9ti\u00e9re, J.Bichindaritz.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 78], "content_span": [79, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071703-0011-0000", "contents": "1954 France rugby union tour of Argentina and Chile, Match details, First test\nProvincia: E.Ni\u00f1o (CASI); E.Caffarone (ORC), A.Salinas (ORC), A.Palma (CP), A.Caride (CASI); J.Guidi ADF, G.Ehman (capt.-CP); M.Sarand\u00f3n (SIC), R.Grosse (ORC), L.Bavio (CASI); C.Brondstedt (ORC), O Mart\u00ednez ADF; R.Follet (OG), V.Christianson ADF, C.Travaglini (CASI). France: M.Vannier; A.Boniface, G.Murillo, J.Meynard, L.Rog\u00e9; R.Bassauri, P.Danos; J.Barthe, H.Lazies, Y.Duffaut; P.Capitani, B.Chevallier; R.Bien\u00e9s (capt. ), J.B\u00e9n\u00e9ti\u00e9re, J.Bichidaritz.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 78], "content_span": [79, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071703-0012-0000", "contents": "1954 France rugby union tour of Argentina and Chile, Match details, First test\nPucar\u00e1: R.Frigerio; H.Poulet, L.Trotta, A.Palma, O.Bernacchi; H.Laborde, G.Ehrman, E.Bonfante, C.Olavarr\u00eda, J.Lour\u00e9s; R.Cernadas; E.Dom\u00ednguez; J.Culotta, E.Dacharry; F.Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez. France: M.Vannier; A.Boniface, R.Bassauri, G.Murillo, L.Rog\u00e9; R.Martine, P.Danos; J.Barthe, M.Celaya, Y.Duffaut; P.Capitani, A.Berilhe; R.Bien\u00e9s, J.B\u00e9n\u00e9ti\u00e9re, J.Bichindaritz.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 78], "content_span": [79, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071703-0013-0000", "contents": "1954 France rugby union tour of Argentina and Chile, Match details, First test\nCapital: O.El\u00eda (BAC); J.Santiago (capt.-H), R.Baz\u00e1n (BAC), E.Gahan (BAC), C.Lennon (BAC); M.Hughes (BAC), P.Felisari (BAC); E.Moore (BAC), E.Arntsen (BAC) M.Aspiroz (OS); J.Repossi (OS), B.Yustini (H); B.Grigol\u00f3n (H), M.Caldwell (BAC), E.Hirsch (BAC). France: M.Vannier; L.Rog\u00e9, A.Boniface, R.Bassauri, A.Morel; R.Martine, J.Barbe; J.Barthe, M.Celaya, A.Berilhe; P.Capitani, H.Lazies; R.Bien\u00e9s (capt. ), J.B\u00e9n\u00e9ti\u00e9re, J.Bichndaritz", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 78], "content_span": [79, 510]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071703-0014-0000", "contents": "1954 France rugby union tour of Argentina and Chile, Match details, Second test\nArgentina: O.El\u00eda (BAC); E.Caffarone (ORC), A.Palma (CP), E.Gahan (BAC), A.Salinas (ORC); M.Hughes (BAC), G.Ehrman (capt-CP); J.Lour\u00e9s (CP) R.Grosse (ORC), L.Bavio (CASI); E.Dom\u00ednguez (CP), O.Mart\u00ednez ADF; B.Grigol\u00f3n (H), V.Christianson ADF, R.Follet (OG). France: M.Vannier; L.Rog\u00e9, A.Boniface, R.Martine, A.Morel; A.Haget, P.Danos; Y.Duffaut, M.Celaya, J.Barthe; H.Lazies, P.Capitani; J.Bichindaritz, P.Labadie, R.Bien\u00e9s (capt. ).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 79], "content_span": [80, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071703-0015-0000", "contents": "1954 France rugby union tour of Argentina and Chile, Match details, Second test\nChile: n/iFrance: M.Vannier; A.Morel, A.Boniface, R.Basauri, J.Meynard; J.Barbe, P.Danos; H.Lazies, M.Celaya, J.Barthe; B.Chevallier, P.Capitani; A.Berilhe, P.Labadie, R.Bien\u00e9s (capt.) |}", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 79], "content_span": [80, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071704-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 French Championships (tennis)\nThe 1954 French Championships (now known as the French Open) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor clay courts at the Stade Roland-Garros in Paris, France. The tournament ran from 18 May until 30 May. It was the 58th staging of the French Championships, and the second Grand Slam tennis event of 1954. Tony Trabert and Maureen Connolly won the singles titles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071704-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 French Championships (tennis), Finals, Men's Doubles\nVic Seixas /  Tony Trabert  defeated  Lew Hoad /  Ken Rosewall  6\u20134, 6\u20132, 6\u20131", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 57], "content_span": [58, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071704-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 French Championships (tennis), Finals, Women's Doubles\nMaureen Connolly /  Nell Hall Hopman defeated  Maud Galtier /  Suzanne Schmitt 7\u20135, 4\u20136, 6\u20130", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 59], "content_span": [60, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071704-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 French Championships (tennis), Finals, Mixed Doubles\nMaureen Connolly /  Lew Hoad defeated  Jacqueline Patorni /  Rex Hartwig  6\u20134, 6\u20133", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 57], "content_span": [58, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071705-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 French Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nSecond-seeded Tony Trabert defeated Arthur D. Larsen 6\u20134, 7\u20135, 6\u20131 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1954 French Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071705-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 French Championships \u2013 Men's Singles, Seeds\nThe seeded players are listed below. Tony Trabert is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 48], "content_span": [49, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071706-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 French Championships \u2013 Women's Singles\nFirst-seeded Maureen Connolly defeated Ginette Bucaille 6\u20134, 6\u20131 in the final to win the Women's Singles tennis title at the 1954 French Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071706-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 French Championships \u2013 Women's Singles, Seeds\nThe seeded players are listed below. Maureen Connolly is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 50], "content_span": [51, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071707-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 French Grand Prix\nThe 1954 French Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Reims on 4 July 1954, the same date as the 1954 Football World Cup Final. It was race 4 of 9 in the 1954 World Championship of Drivers. The 61-lap race was won by Mercedes driver Juan Manuel Fangio after he started from pole position. His teammate Karl Kling finished second and Ferrari driver Robert Manzon came in third. This race was held the same day as the 1954 FIFA World Cup Final in Bern, Switzerland, but that event took place later in the day from this Grand Prix.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071707-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 French Grand Prix, Race report\nThe long-awaited Mercedes W196 with its straight-8 fuel-injection engine made its debut with Juan Manuel Fangio transferring from Maserati to join an otherwise all-German line-up of Hans Herrmann, Karl Kling and pre-war driver Hermann Lang. It was a dominant return with Fangio recording a practice lap of 124.31\u00a0mph. He and Kling led away and continued to race side by side around the Rheims track. The Ferrari drivers simply couldn't cope with the pace. Jos\u00e9 Froil\u00e1n Gonz\u00e1lez retired after 12 laps and Mike Hawthorn's car blew up spectacularly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 35], "content_span": [36, 582]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071707-0001-0001", "contents": "1954 French Grand Prix, Race report\nFormer Ferrari double World Champion (1952 & 1953) Alberto Ascari drove a Maserati, as the Lancia D50 was not yet ready for racing, and lasted only 1 lap after starting on the outside of the front row. Herrmann set fastest lap before retiring, but Fangio and Kling continued their duel until the last lap when team orders were put in force and Fangio led Kling over the line by a mere 0.1 seconds-half a car length. Only six cars finished the gruelling race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 35], "content_span": [36, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071708-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Fresno State Bulldogs football team\nThe 1954 Fresno State Bulldogs football team represented Fresno State College during the 1954 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071708-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Fresno State Bulldogs football team\nThe team was led by third-year head coach Clark Van Galder and played home games at Ratcliffe Stadium on the campus of Fresno City College in Fresno, California. They finished the season as champions of the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA), with a record of seven wins and three losses (7\u20133, 4\u20130 CCAA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071708-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Fresno State Bulldogs football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Fresno State Bulldogs were selected in the 1955 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 65], "content_span": [66, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071709-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 GP Ouest\u2013France\nThe 1954 GP Ouest-France was the 18th edition of the GP Ouest-France cycle race and was held on 31 August 1954. The race started and finished in Plouay. The race was won by Ugo Anzile.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071710-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Gambian legislative election\nGeneral elections were held in the Gambia in 1954 following constitutional amendments, which increased the number of elected members on the Legislative Council from three to four, with an additional seven non-elected members. The seven unelected members were the Colonial Secretary, Financial Secretary, the Attorney General, the Senior Commissioner, Dr. S.H.O Jones (director of Medical Services), and two members appointed by the Governor-general from a list of nine names submitted by the Bathurst Town Council and the Kombo Rural Authority after consultation with members of the council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 625]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071712-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Gator Bowl (December)\nThe 1954 Gator Bowl (December) was a college football postseason bowl game that featured the Baylor Bears and the Auburn Tigers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071712-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Gator Bowl (December), Background\nAuburn had finished tied for 7th in the Southeastern Conference, in their second straight Gator Bowl appearance, being the first school to ever play in the same bowl twice in the same year. Baylor finished tied for 3rd in the Southwest Conference in their third bowl appearance in 5 years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071712-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Gator Bowl (December), Game summary\nFive plays after Del Shofner fumbled the ball on the opening return (which Auburn recovered at the Baylor 27), Joe Childress scored on a 7-yard run to make it 7-0 with 11:54 in the 1st quarter. A 63-yard drive in 9 plays culminated with a Reuben Saage touchdown plunge to make it tied with 7:05 in the first quarter. Fob James broke the tie with his 43-yard touchdown run in the 2nd quarter. Jimmy Long's catch of Bobby Freeman's touchdown pass from 6 yards out made it 21-7 with only :17 remaining in the 1st half.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 556]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071712-0002-0001", "contents": "1954 Gator Bowl (December), Game summary\nChildress rushed for his second touchdown plunge midway through the quarter to make it 28-7. L. G. Dupre made it 28-14 on his 38-yard dash with 4:25 to go in the 3rd, but Auburn sealed the deal with a Freeman touchdown run near the end of the third quarter. Joe Childress rushed for 134 yards on 20 carries with 2 touchdowns in a winning MVP effort for Auburn. Billy Hooper threw 9-of-15 for 112 yards for Baylor in a losing MVP effort.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071712-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Gator Bowl (December), Aftermath\nAuburn would return for their third straight Gator Bowl appearance. Baylor returned in 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 37], "content_span": [38, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071713-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Gator Bowl (January)\nThe 1954 Gator Bowl was an American college football bowl game played on January 1, 1954, at Gator Bowl Stadium in Jacksonville, Florida. It was the ninth annual playing of the Gator Bowl. The game pitted the Texas Tech Red Raiders against the Auburn Tigers", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071713-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Gator Bowl (January), Background\nThe Red Raiders finished as champions of the Border Conference for the fifth time in eleven years while winning ten games for the first time since 1938, with a 27\u201314 loss to Texas A&M being the only blemish. This was their first-ever Gator Bowl appearance. As for Auburn, they started the season 2-1-1, with two victories (including a victory over #15 Ole Miss), a tie to #13 Mississippi State, and a loss to #8 Georgia Tech. The Tigers would promptly win their next five games to rise to #16 in the rankings leading into the Iron Bowl matchup with Alabama, which they lost 10\u20137, as Auburn finished third in the Southeastern Conference. This was Auburun's first bowl game since 1938.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 37], "content_span": [38, 721]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071713-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Gator Bowl (January), Game summary\nTexas Tech outrushed the Tigers 226 to 195, outthrew them 145 to 72 while forcing two four turnovers. Bobby Cavazos ran for 141 yards on 13 carries. Vince Dooley went 4-of-8 for 49 yards while rushing for 56 yards on 14 carries. Both were named MVP.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 39], "content_span": [40, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071713-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Gator Bowl (January), Aftermath\nAuburn would finish 8\u20133 the following year, while competing in the Gator Bowl once again, played on December 31, 1954, becoming the first school to play the same bowl twice in the same year. This time, they won, beating Baylor 33\u201313. As for Tech, they finished champions of the conference for two more seasons before becoming independent in 1957 and member of the Southwest Conference in 1960. They reached the Gator Bowl five years later in 1965. Tech did not win a bowl game again until 1973.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 36], "content_span": [37, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071714-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Geneva Conference\nThe Geneva Conference, intended to settle outstanding issues resulting from the Korean War and the First Indochina War, was a conference involving several nations that took place in Geneva, Switzerland, from April 26 to July 20, 1954. The part of the conference on the Korean question ended without adopting any declarations or proposals, so is generally considered less relevant. The Geneva Accords that dealt with the dismantling of French Indochina proved to have long-lasting repercussions, however. The crumbling of the French Empire in Southeast Asia led to the formation of the states of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam), the State of Vietnam (the future Republic of Vietnam, South Vietnam), the Kingdom of Cambodia and the Kingdom of Laos.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 788]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071714-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Geneva Conference\nDiplomats from South Korea, North Korea, the People's Republic of China (PRC), the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and the United States of America (US) dealt with the Korean side of the Conference. For the Indochina side, the Accords were between France, the Viet Minh, the USSR, the PRC, the US, the United Kingdom and the future states being made from French Indochina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071714-0001-0001", "contents": "1954 Geneva Conference\nThe agreement temporarily separated Vietnam into two zones, a northern zone to be governed by the Viet Minh and a southern zone to be governed by the State of Vietnam, then headed by former emperor B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i. A Conference Final Declaration, issued by the British chairman of the conference, provided that a general election be held by July 1956 to create a unified Vietnamese state. Despite helping create some of the agreements, they were not directly signed onto nor accepted by delegates of both the State of Vietnam and the United States. The State of Vietnam, under Ngo Dinh Diem, subsequently refused to allow elections, leading to the Vietnam War. Three separate ceasefire accords, covering Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam, were signed at the conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 778]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071714-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Geneva Conference, Background\nOn February 18, 1954, at the Berlin Conference, participants agreed that \"the problem of restoring peace in Indochina will also be discussed at the Conference [on the Korean question] to which representatives of the United States, France, the United Kingdom, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the Chinese People's Republic and other interested states will be invited.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 413]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071714-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Geneva Conference, Background\nThe conference was held at the Palace of Nations in Geneva, commencing on April 26, 1954. The first agenda item was the Korean question to be followed by Indochina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071714-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Geneva Conference, Background, Korea\nThe armistice signed at end of the Korean War required a political conference within three months\u2014a timeline which was not met\u2014\"to settle through negotiation the questions of the withdrawal of all foreign forces from Korea, the peaceful settlement of the Korean question, etc.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 41], "content_span": [42, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071714-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Geneva Conference, Background, Indochina\nAs decolonization took place in Asia, France had to relinquish its power over Indochina (Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam). While Laos and Cambodia were both given independence, France chose to stay in Vietnam. This ended with a war between French troops and the Vietnamese nationalists led by Ho Chi Minh. The latter's army, the Viet Minh, fought a guerrilla war, while the French employed traditional Western technology. The deciding factor was the Battle of Dien Bien Phu in 1954, where the French were decisively defeated. This resulted in French withdrawals, and the Geneva conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 45], "content_span": [46, 630]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071714-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 Geneva Conference, Background, Indochina\nIt was decided that Vietnam would be divided at the 17th parallel until 1956, when democratic elections would be held under international supervision. All parties involved agreed to this (Ho Chi Minh had strong support in the north, which was more populous than the south, and was thus confident that he would win an election), except for the U.S., which, in the spirit of the Cold War, feared seeing  communism spreading in a domino effect throughout Asia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 45], "content_span": [46, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071714-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 Geneva Conference, Korea\nThe South Korean representative proposed that the South Korean government was the only legal government in Korea, that UN-supervised elections should be held in the North, that Chinese forces should withdraw, and that UN forces, a belligerent party in the war, should remain as a police force.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 29], "content_span": [30, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071714-0007-0001", "contents": "1954 Geneva Conference, Korea\nThe North Korean representative suggested that elections be held throughout all of Korea, that all foreign forces leave beforehand, that the elections be run by an all-Korean Commission to be made up of equal parts from North and South Korea, and to increase general relations economically and culturally between the North and the South.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 29], "content_span": [30, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071714-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 Geneva Conference, Korea\nThe Chinese delegation proposed an amendment to have a group of neutral nations supervise the elections, which the North accepted. The U.S. supported the South Korean position, saying that the USSR wanted to turn North Korea into a puppet state. Most allies remained silent and at least one, Britain, thought that the South Korean\u2013U.S. proposal would be deemed unreasonable.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 29], "content_span": [30, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071714-0009-0000", "contents": "1954 Geneva Conference, Korea\nThe South Korean representative proposed all-Korea elections, to be held according to South Korean constitutional procedures and still under UN-supervision. On June 15, the last day of the conference on the Korean question, the USSR and China both submitted declarations in support of a unified, democratic, independent Korea, saying that negotiations to that end should resume at an appropriate time. The Belgian and British delegations said that while they were not going to accept \"the Soviet and Chinese proposals, that did not mean a rejection of the ideas they contained\". In the end, however, the conference participants did not agree on any declaration.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 29], "content_span": [30, 691]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071714-0010-0000", "contents": "1954 Geneva Conference, Indochina\nWhile the delegates began to assemble in Geneva from late April, the discussions on Indochina did not begin until May 8, 1954. The Viet Minh had achieved their decisive victory over the French Union forces at Dien Bien Phu the previous day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071714-0011-0000", "contents": "1954 Geneva Conference, Indochina\nThe Western allies did not have a unified position on what the Conference was to achieve in relation to Indochina. Anthony Eden, leading the British delegation, favored a negotiated settlement to the conflict. Georges Bidault, leading the French delegation, vacillated and was keen to preserve something of France's position in Indochina to justify past sacrifices, even as the nation's military situation deteriorated. The U.S. had been supporting the French in Indochina for many years and the Republican Eisenhower administration wanted to ensure that it could not be accused of another \"Yalta\" or having \"lost\" Indochina to the Communists. Its leaders had previously accused the Democratic Truman administration of having \"lost China\" when the Communists were successful in taking control of the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 842]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071714-0012-0000", "contents": "1954 Geneva Conference, Indochina\nThe Eisenhower administration had considered air strikes in support of the French at Dien Bien Phu but was unable to obtain a commitment to united action from key allies such as the United Kingdom. Eisenhower was wary of becoming drawn into \"another Korea\" that would be deeply unpopular with the American public. U.S. domestic policy considerations strongly influenced the country's position at Geneva.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071714-0012-0001", "contents": "1954 Geneva Conference, Indochina\nColumnist Walter Lippmann wrote on April 29 that \"the American position at Geneva is an impossible one, so long as leading Republican senators have no terms for peace except unconditional surrender of the enemy and no terms for entering the war except as a collective action in which nobody is now willing to engage.\" At the time of the conference, the U.S. did not recognize the People's Republic of China. Secretary of State John Foster Dulles, an anticommunist, forbade any contact with the Chinese delegation, refusing to shake hands with Zhou Enlai, the lead Chinese negotiator.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 617]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071714-0013-0000", "contents": "1954 Geneva Conference, Indochina\nDulles fell out with the UK delegate Anthony Eden over the perceived failure of the UK to support united action and U.S. positions on Indochina; he left Geneva on May 3 and was replaced by his deputy Walter Bedell Smith. The State of Vietnam refused to attend the negotiations until Bidault wrote to B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i, assuring him that any agreement would not partition Vietnam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071714-0014-0000", "contents": "1954 Geneva Conference, Indochina\nBidault opened the conference on May 8 by proposing a cessation of hostilities, a ceasefire in place, a release of prisoners, and a disarming of irregulars, despite the French surrender at Dien Bien Phu the previous day in northwestern Vietnam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071714-0015-0000", "contents": "1954 Geneva Conference, Indochina\nOn May 10, Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n \u0110\u1ed3ng, the leader of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV) delegation set out their position, proposing a ceasefire; separation of the opposing forces; a ban on the introduction of new forces into Indochina; the exchange of prisoners; independence and sovereignty for Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos; elections for unified governments in each country, the withdrawal of all foreign forces; and the inclusion of the Pathet Lao and Khmer Issarak representatives at the Conference. Pham Van Dong first proposed a temporary partition of Vietnam on May 25.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 603]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071714-0015-0001", "contents": "1954 Geneva Conference, Indochina\nFollowing their victory at Dien Bien Phu and given the worsening French security position around the Red River Delta, a ceasefire and partition would not appear to have been in the interests of the DRV. It appears that the DRV leadership thought the balance of forces was uncomfortably close and was worried about morale problems in the troops and supporters, after eight years of war. Turner has argued that the Viet Minh might have prolonged the negotiations and continued fighting to achieve a more favorable position militarily, if not for Chinese and Soviet pressure on them to end the fighting. In addition, there was a widespread perception that the Diem government would collapse, leaving the Viet Minh free to take control of the area.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 778]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071714-0016-0000", "contents": "1954 Geneva Conference, Indochina\nOn May 12, the State of Vietnam rejected any partition of the country, and the U.S. expressed a similar position the next day. The French sought to implement a physical separation of the opposing forces into enclaves throughout the country, known as the \"leopard-skin\" approach. The DRV/Viet Minh would be given the C\u00e0 Mau Peninsula, three enclaves near Saigon, large areas of Annam and Tonkin; the French Union forces would retain most urban areas and the Red River Delta, including Hanoi and Haiphong, allowing it to resume combat operation in the north, if necessary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 604]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071714-0017-0000", "contents": "1954 Geneva Conference, Indochina\nBehind the scenes, the U.S. and the French governments continued to discuss the terms for possible U.S. military intervention in Indochina. By May 29, the U.S. and the French had reached agreement that if the Conference failed to deliver an acceptable peace deal, Eisenhower would seek Congressional approval for military intervention in Indochina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071714-0017-0001", "contents": "1954 Geneva Conference, Indochina\nHowever, after discussions with the Australian and New Zealand governments in which it became evident that neither would support U.S. military intervention, reports of the plummeting morale among the French Union forces and opposition from Army Chief of Staff Matthew Ridgway, the U.S. began to shift away from intervention and continued to oppose a negotiated settlement. By early to mid-June, the U.S. began to consider the possibility that rather than supporting the French in Indochina, it might be preferable for the French to leave and for the U.S. to support the new Indochinese states. That would remove the taint of French colonialism. Unwilling to support the proposed partition or intervention, by mid-June, the U.S. decided to withdraw from major participation in the Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 825]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071714-0018-0000", "contents": "1954 Geneva Conference, Indochina\nOn June 15, Vyacheslav Molotov had proposed that the ceasefire should be monitored by a supervisory commission, chaired by non-aligned India. On June 16, Zhou Enlai stated that the situations in Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos were not the same and should be treated separately. He proposed that Laos and Cambodia could be treated as neutral nations if they had no foreign bases. On June 18, Pham Van Dong said the Viet Minh would be prepared to withdraw their forces from Laos and Cambodia if no foreign bases were established in Indochina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 570]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071714-0018-0001", "contents": "1954 Geneva Conference, Indochina\nThe apparent softening of the Communist position appeared to arise from a meeting among the DRV, Chinese and Soviet delegations on June 15 in which Zhou warned the Viet Minh that its military presence in Laos and Cambodia threatened to undermine negotiations in relation to Vietnam. That represented a major blow to the DRV, which had tried to ensure that the Pathet Lao and Khmer Issarak would join the governments in Laos and Cambodia, respectively, under the leadership of the DRV. The Chinese likely also sought to ensure that Laos and Cambodia were not under Vietnam's influence in the future but under China's.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 650]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071714-0019-0000", "contents": "1954 Geneva Conference, Indochina\nOn June 18, following a vote of no-confidence, the French Laniel government fell and was replaced by a coalition with Radical Pierre Mend\u00e8s France as Prime Minister, by a vote of 419 to 47, with 143 abstentions. Prior to the collapse of the Laniel government, France recognized Vietnam as \"a fully independent and sovereign state\" on June 4. A long-time opponent of the war, Mend\u00e8s France had pledged to the National Assembly that he would resign if he failed to achieve a ceasefire within 30 days. Mend\u00e8s France retained the Foreign Ministry for himself, and Bidault left the Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 622]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071714-0019-0001", "contents": "1954 Geneva Conference, Indochina\nThe new French government abandoned earlier assurances to the State of Vietnam that France would not pursue or accept partition, and it engaged in secret negotiations with the Viet Minh delegation, bypassing the State of Vietnam to meet Mend\u00e8s France's self-imposed deadline. On June 23, Mend\u00e8s France secretly met with Zhou Enlai at the French embassy in Bern. Zhou outlined the Chinese position that an immediate ceasefire was required, the three nations should be treated separately, and that two governments existed in Vietnam would be recognized.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 585]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071714-0020-0000", "contents": "1954 Geneva Conference, Indochina\nMend\u00e8s France returned to Paris. The following day he met with his main advisers on Indochina. General Paul \u00c9ly outlined the deteriorating military position in Vietnam, and Jean Chauvel suggested that the situation on the ground called for partition at the 16th or 17th parallel. The three agreed that the Bao Dai government would need time to consolidate its position and that U.S. assistance would be vital. The possibility of retaining Hanoi and Haiphong or just Haiphong was dismissed, as the French believed it was preferable to seek partition with no Viet Minh enclaves in the south.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 623]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071714-0021-0000", "contents": "1954 Geneva Conference, Indochina\nOn June 16, twelve days after France granted full independence to the State of Vietnam, Bao Dai appointed Ngo Dinh Diem as Prime Minister to replace B\u1eedu L\u1ed9c. Diem was a staunch nationalist, both anti-French and anticommunist, with strong political connections in the U.S. Diem agreed to take the position if he received all civilian and military powers. Diem and his foreign minister, Tran Van Do, were strongly opposed to partition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071714-0022-0000", "contents": "1954 Geneva Conference, Indochina\nAt Geneva, the State of Vietnam's proposal included \"a ceasefire without a demarcation line\" and \"control by the United Nations... of the administration of the entire country [and] of the general elections, when the United Nations believes that order and security will have been everywhere truly restored.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071714-0023-0000", "contents": "1954 Geneva Conference, Indochina\nOn June 28 following an Anglo-US summit in Washington, the UK and the U.S. issued a joint communique, which included a statement that if the Conference failed, \"the international situation will be seriously aggravated.\" The parties also agreed to a secret list of seven minimum outcomes that both parties would \"respect\": the preservation of a noncommunist South Vietnam (plus an enclave in the Red River Delta if possible), future reunification of divided Vietnam, and the integrity of Cambodia and Laos, including the removal of all Viet Minh forces.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 586]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071714-0024-0000", "contents": "1954 Geneva Conference, Indochina\nAlso on June 28, T\u1ea1 Quang B\u1eedu, a senior DRV negotiator, called for the line of partition to be at the 13th parallel, the withdrawal of all French Union forces from the north within three months of the ceasefire, and the Pathet Lao to have virtual sovereignty over eastern Laos.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071714-0025-0000", "contents": "1954 Geneva Conference, Indochina\nFrom July 3 to 5, Zhou Enlai met with Ho Chi Minh and other senior DRV leaders in Liuzhou. Most of the first day was spent to discuss the military situation and balance of forces in Vietnam, Gi\u00e1p explained that while", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071714-0026-0000", "contents": "1954 Geneva Conference, Indochina\nDien Bien Phu had represented a colossal defeat for France\u00a0... she was far from defeated. She retained a superiority in numbers - some 470,000 troops, roughly half of them Vietnamese, versus 310,000 on the Viet Minh side as well as control of Vietnam's major cities (Hanoi, Saigon, Hu\u1ebf, Tourane (Da Nang)). A fundamental alteration of the balance of forces had thus yet to occur, Giap continued, despite Dien Bien Phu.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071714-0027-0000", "contents": "1954 Geneva Conference, Indochina\nWei Guoqing, the chief Chinese military adviser to the Viet Minh, said he agreed. \"If the U.S. does not interfere,' Zhou asked, \"and assuming France will dispatch more troops, how long will it take for us to seize the whole of Indochina?\" In the best scenario, Giap replied, \"full victory could be achieved in two to three years. Worst case? Three to five years.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071714-0028-0000", "contents": "1954 Geneva Conference, Indochina\nThat afternoon Zhou \"offered a lengthy exposition on the massive international reach of the Indochina conflict\u00a0... and on the imperative of preventing an American intervention in the war. Given Washington's intense hostility to the Chinese Revolution\u00a0... one must assume that the current administration would not stand idly by if the Viet Minh sought to win complete victory.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071714-0028-0001", "contents": "1954 Geneva Conference, Indochina\nConsequently, \"if we ask too much at Geneva and peace is not achieved, it is certain that the U.S. will intervene, providing Cambodia, Laos and Bao Dai with weapons and ammunition, helping them train military personnel, and establishing military bases there\u00a0... The central issue\", Zhou told Ho, is \"to prevent America's intervention\" and \"to achieve a peaceful settlement.\" Laos and Cambodia would have to be treated differently and be allowed to pursue their own paths if they did not join a military alliance or permit foreign bases on their territory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071714-0028-0002", "contents": "1954 Geneva Conference, Indochina\nThe Mendes France government, having vowed to achieve a negotiated solution, must be supported, for fear that it would fall and be replaced by one committed to continuing the war.\" Ho pressed hard for the partition line to be at the 16th parallel while Zhou noted that Route 9, the only land route from Laos to the South China Sea ran closer to the 17th parallel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071714-0029-0000", "contents": "1954 Geneva Conference, Indochina\nSeveral days later the Communist Party of Vietnam's Sixth Central Committee plenum took place. Ho Chi Minh and General Secretary Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Chinh took turns emphasising the need for an early political settlement to prevent a military intervention by the United States, now the \"main and direct enemy\" of Vietnam. \"In the new situation we cannot follow the old program,\" Ho declared. \"[B]efore, our motto was, 'war of resistance until victory.' Now, in view of the new situation, we should uphold a new motto: peace, unification, independence, and democracy.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 588]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071714-0029-0001", "contents": "1954 Geneva Conference, Indochina\nA spirit of compromise would be required by both sides to make the negotiations succeed, and there could be no more talk of wiping out and annihilating all the French troops. A demarcation line allowing the temporary regroupment of both sides would be necessary\u00a0...\" The plenum endorsed Ho's analysis, passing a resolution supporting a compromise settlement to end the fighting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071714-0029-0002", "contents": "1954 Geneva Conference, Indochina\nHowever, Ho and Truong Chinh plainly worried that following such an agreement at Geneva, there would be internal discontent and \"leftist deviation\", and in particular, analysts would fail to see the complexity of the situation and underestimate the power of the American and French adversaries. They accordingly reminded their colleagues that France would retain control of a large part of the country and that people living in the area might be confused, alienated, and vulnerable to enemy manipulations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071714-0030-0000", "contents": "1954 Geneva Conference, Indochina\n\"We have to make it clear to our people,\" Ho said that \"in the interest of the whole country, for the sake of long-term interest, they must accept this, because it is a glorious thing and the whole country is grateful for that. We must not let people have pessimistic and negative thinking; instead, we must encourage the people to continue the struggle for the withdrawal of French troops and ensure our independence.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071714-0031-0000", "contents": "1954 Geneva Conference, Indochina\nThe Conference reconvened on July 10, and Mend\u00e8s France arrived to lead the French delegation. The State of Vietnam continued to protest against partition which had become inevitable, with the only issue being where the line should be drawn. Walter Bedell Smith from the U.S. arrived in Geneva on July 16, but the U.S. delegation was under instructions to avoid direct association with the negotiations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071714-0032-0000", "contents": "1954 Geneva Conference, Indochina\nAll parties at the Conference called for reunification elections but could not agree on the details. Pham Van Dong proposed elections under the supervision of \"local commissions.\" The U.S., with the support of Britain and the Associated States of Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia, suggested UN supervision. That was rejected by Molotov, who argued for a commission with an equal number of communist and noncommunist members, which could determine \"important\" issues only by unanimous agreement. The negotiators were unable to agree on a date for the elections for reunification.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071714-0032-0001", "contents": "1954 Geneva Conference, Indochina\nThe DRV argued that the elections should be held within six months of the ceasefire, and the Western allies sought to have no deadline. Molotov proposed June 1955 then later softened later in 1955 and finally July 1956. The Diem government supported reunification elections but only with effective international supervision; it argued that genuinely free elections were impossible in the totalitarian North.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071714-0033-0000", "contents": "1954 Geneva Conference, Indochina\nBy the afternoon of July 20, the remaining outstanding issues were resolved as the parties agreed that the partition line should be at the 17th parallel and that the elections for reunification should be in July 1956, two years after the ceasefire. The \"Agreement on the Cessation of Hostilities in Vietnam\" was signed only by French and Viet Minh military commands, completely bypassing the State of Vietnam. Based on a proposal by Zhou Enlai, an International Control Commission (ICC) chaired by India, with Canada and Poland as members, was placed in charge of supervising the ceasefire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 624]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071714-0033-0001", "contents": "1954 Geneva Conference, Indochina\nBecause issues were to be decided unanimously, Poland's presence in the ICC provided the communists effective veto power over supervision of the treaty. The unsigned \"Final Declaration of the Geneva Conference\" called for reunification elections, which the majority of delegates expected to be supervised by the ICC. The Viet Minh never accepted ICC authority over such elections, stating that the ICC's \"competence was to be limited to the supervision and control of the implementation of the Agreement on the Cessation of Hostilities by both parties.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071714-0033-0002", "contents": "1954 Geneva Conference, Indochina\nOf the nine delegates present, only the United States and the State of Vietnam refused to accept the declaration. Bedell Smith delivered a \"unilateral declaration\" of the U.S. position, reiterating: \"We shall seek to achieve unity through free elections supervised by the United Nations to insure that they are conducted fairly.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071714-0034-0000", "contents": "1954 Geneva Conference, Indochina\nWhile the three agreements (later known as the Geneva Accords) were dated July 20 (to meet Mend\u00e8s France's 30-day deadline) they were in fact signed on the morning of July 21.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071714-0035-0000", "contents": "1954 Geneva Conference, Provisions\nThe accords, which were issued on July 21, 1954, set out the following terms in relation to Vietnam:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071714-0036-0000", "contents": "1954 Geneva Conference, Provisions\nThe agreement was signed by the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, France, the People's Republic of China, the Soviet Union and the United Kingdom. The State of Vietnam rejected the agreement, while the United States stated that it \"took note\" of the ceasefire agreements and declared that it would \"refrain from the threat or use of force to disturb them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071714-0037-0000", "contents": "1954 Geneva Conference, Provisions\nTo put aside any notion specifically that the partition was permanent, an unsigned Final Declaration, stated in Article 6: \"The Conference recognizes that the essential purpose of the agreement relating to Vietnam is to settle military questions with a view to ending hostilities and that the military demarcation line is provisional and should not in any way be interpreted as constituting a political or territorial boundary.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071714-0038-0000", "contents": "1954 Geneva Conference, Provisions\nSeparate accords were signed by the signatories with the Kingdom of Cambodia and the Kingdom of Laos in relation to Cambodia and Laos respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071714-0039-0000", "contents": "1954 Geneva Conference, Provisions\nThe British and Communist Chinese delegations reached agreement on the sidelines of the Conference to upgrade their diplomatic relations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071714-0040-0000", "contents": "1954 Geneva Conference, Reactions\nThe DRV at Geneva accepted a much worse settlement than the military situation on the ground indicated. \"For Ho Chi Minh, there was no getting around the fact that his victory, however unprecedented and stunning was incomplete and perhaps temporary. The vision that had always driven him on, that of a 'great union' of all Vietnamese, had flickered into view for a fleeting moment in 1945\u201346, then had been lost in the subsequent war. Now, despite vanquishing the French military, the dream remained unrealized\u00a0...\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071714-0040-0001", "contents": "1954 Geneva Conference, Reactions\nThat was partly as a result of the great pressure exerted by China (Pham Van Dong is alleged to have said in one of the final negotiating sessions that Zhou Enlai double-crossed the DRV) and the Soviet Union for their own purposes, but the Viet Minh had their own reasons for agreeing to a negotiated settlement, principally their own concerns regarding the balance of forces and fear of U.S. intervention.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071714-0041-0000", "contents": "1954 Geneva Conference, Reactions\nFrance had achieved a much better outcome than could have been expected. Bidault had stated at the beginning of the Conference that he was playing with \"a two of clubs and a three of diamonds\" whereas the DRV had several aces, kings and queens, but Jean Chauvel was more circumspect: \"There is no good end to a bad business.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071714-0042-0000", "contents": "1954 Geneva Conference, Reactions\nIn a press conference on July 21, President Eisenhower expressed satisfaction that a ceasefire had been concluded but stated that the U.S. was not a party to the Accords or bound by them, as they contained provisions that his administration could not support.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071714-0043-0000", "contents": "1954 Geneva Conference, Aftermath\nOn October 9, 1954, the tricolore was lowered for the last time at the Hanoi Citadel and the last French Union forces left the city, crossing the Paul Doumer Bridge on their way to Haiphong for embarkation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071714-0044-0000", "contents": "1954 Geneva Conference, Aftermath\nFor the communist forces, which were instrumental in the defeat of the French, the ideology of communism and nationalism were linked. Many communist sympathisers viewed the South Vietnamese as a French colonial remnant and later an American puppet regime. On the other hand, many others viewed the North Vietnamese as a puppet of International Communism.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071714-0045-0000", "contents": "1954 Geneva Conference, Aftermath\nAfter the cessation of hostilities, a large migration took place. North Vietnamese, especially Catholics, intellectuals, business people, land owners, anti-communist democrats, and members of the middle-class moved south of the Accords-mandated ceasefire line during Operation Passage to Freedom. The ICC reported that at least 892,876 North Vietnamese were processed through official refugee stations, while journalists recounted that as many as 2 million more might have fled had it not been for the presence of Viet Minh soldiers, who frequently beat and occasionally killed those who refused to turn back. The CIA attempted to further influence Catholic Vietnamese with slogans such as \"the Virgin Mary is moving South\". At the same time, 52,000 people from the South went North, mostly Viet Minh members and their families.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 862]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071714-0046-0000", "contents": "1954 Geneva Conference, Aftermath\nThe U.S. replaced the French as a political backup for Ngo Dinh Diem, the Prime Minister of the State of Vietnam, who asserted his power in the South. The Geneva conference had not provided any specific mechanisms for the national elections planned for 1956, and Diem refused to hold them by citing that the South had not signed and were not bound to the Geneva Accords and that it was impossible to hold free elections in the communist North. Instead, he went about attempting to crush communist opposition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071714-0047-0000", "contents": "1954 Geneva Conference, Aftermath\nOn May 20, 1955, French Union forces withdrew from Saigon to a coastal base and on April 28, 1956, the last French forces left Vietnam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071714-0048-0000", "contents": "1954 Geneva Conference, Aftermath\nNorth Vietnam violated the Geneva Accords by failing to withdraw all Viet Minh troops from South Vietnam, stifling the movement of North Vietnamese refugees, and conducting a military buildup that more than doubled the number of armed divisions in the North Vietnamese army while the South Vietnamese army was reduced by 20,000 men. U.S. military advisers continued to support the Army of the Republic of Vietnam, which was created as a replacement for the Vietnamese National Army. The failure of reunification led to the creation of the National Liberation Front (better known as the Viet Cong) by Ho Chi Minh's government. They were closely aided by the Vietnam People's Army (VPA) of the North, also known as the North Vietnamese Army. The result was the Vietnam War.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 805]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071714-0049-0000", "contents": "1954 Geneva Conference, Aftermath\nHistorian John Lewis Gaddis said that the 1954 accords \"were so hastily drafted and ambiguously worded that, from the standpoint of international law, it makes little sense to speak of violations from either side\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071715-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Gent\u2013Wevelgem\nThe 1954 Gent\u2013Wevelgem was the 16th edition of the Gent\u2013Wevelgem cycle race and was held on 28 March 1954. The race started in Ghent and finished in Wevelgem. The race was won by Rolf Graf.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071716-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 George Washington Colonials football team\nThe 1954 George Washington Colonials football team was an American football team that represented George Washington University as part of the Southern Conference during the 1954 college football season. In their third season under head coach Bo Sherman, the team compiled a 1\u20137\u20131 record (0\u20134\u20131 in the SoCon).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071717-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Georgia Bulldogs football team\nThe 1954 Georgia Bulldogs football team represented the Georgia Bulldogs of the University of Georgia during the 1954 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071718-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team\nThe 1954 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team represented  the Georgia Institute of Technology during the 1954 college football season. The Yellow Jackets were led by 10th-year head coach Bobby Dodd and played their home games at Grant Field in Atlanta. They competed in the Southeastern Conference, finishing second behind Ole Miss. Georgia Tech accepted an invitation to the 1955 Cotton Bowl Classic, where they defeated Southwest Conference champion Arkansas, 14\u20136.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071719-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Georgia gubernatorial election\nThe 1954 Georgia gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071719-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Georgia gubernatorial election\nLieutenant Governor Marvin Griffin won the Democratic primary on September 8 with 36.52% of the vote and 302 out of 410 county unit votes. At this time, Georgia was a one-party state, and the Democratic nomination was tantamount to victory. Griffin won the November general election without an opponent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071719-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Georgia gubernatorial election\nThis was the final of Melvin Thompson's three failed bids for Governor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071720-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 German Grand Prix\nThe 1954 German Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at N\u00fcrburgring on 1 August 1954. It was race 6 of 9 in the 1954 World Championship of Drivers. It was the 17th German Grand Prix since the race was first held in 1926 and the 16th to be held at the N\u00fcrburgring complex of circuits. The race was won by 1951 world champion, Argentine driver Juan Manuel Fangio driving a Mercedes-Benz W196. Ferrari 625 drivers Mike Hawthorn (in a shared drive with Jos\u00e9 Froil\u00e1n Gonz\u00e1lez) and Maurice Trintignant finished second and third for Scuderia Ferrari.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 574]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071720-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 German Grand Prix, Race report\nThe race was lengthened from 18 to 22 laps, bringing the German Grand Prix up to the approximately 500 kilometre race distance used by the majority of Formula One Grands Prix at the time. Mercedes had brought to the N\u00fcrburgring their new open-wheeled version of the W196 for Fangio, Kling and Hermann Lang (in a one-off drive) after Mercedes's defeat at Silverstone in their streamlined cars. Hans Herrmann drove a streamlined W196s. Qualifying saw Fangio take pole position from Hawthorn, but practice was marred by the death of official Maserati driver Onofre Marim\u00f3n.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 35], "content_span": [36, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071720-0001-0001", "contents": "1954 German Grand Prix, Race report\nGoing into the Wehrseifen slight right hand/sharp left hand turn, Marim\u00f3n's Maserati 250F failed to negotiate the corner while going down the downhill run to the corner, plunged down an embankment, the car somersaulted and he was killed instantly. Marim\u00f3n's teammate Luigi Villoresi withdrew from the race, as did the Maserati of Ken Wharton (entered by Owen Racing) but the team's third car for Sergio Mantovani made the race start. Stirling Moss qualified third in his privately entered Maserati 250F ahead of Hans Herrmann (Mercedes-Benz W196s), Gonzalez and Paul Fr\u00e8re (Gordini T16).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 35], "content_span": [36, 623]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071720-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 German Grand Prix, Race report\nFangio and Karl Kling led the way in their two Mercedes. Hawthorn was an early retirement with a broken axle as were Moss, Fr\u00e8re and privateer Maserati driver Roberto Mieres. Hermann Lang, one of the pre-war stars of the Mercedes 'silver arrows' spun out of his final Grand Prix appearance after ten laps. Gonzalez started and was running third but was so upset by Marim\u00f3n's death he was called in after 16 laps to hand over to Hawthorn, who set off in pursuit of the Mercedes. He moved into second when Kling pitted and pursued Fangio relentlessly. Late in the race, drizzle forced him to slow and he held second from Trintignant. Kling finished fourth ahead of Mantovani, the last driver to travel the full race distance, getting some points for a saddened Maserati. Kling claimed the fastest lap point.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 35], "content_span": [36, 841]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071720-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 German Grand Prix, Race report\nJust ten of the 23 qualifiers finished the gruelling race. With an elapsed time of 3 hours 45 minutes 45.8 seconds this was the longest (non Indy 500) F1 championship race in history, until the 2011 Canadian Grand Prix, which lasted just over four hours (but in this case it's also considered the time with race suspended). The win pushed Fangio further ahead in the championship, now to the point where he had more than double the points of his nearest rival Gonzalez. A win in the next race at the Swiss Grand Prix could wrap up his second championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 35], "content_span": [36, 591]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071721-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 German football championship\nThe 1954 German football championship was the culmination of the football season in the Federal Republic of Germany in 1953\u201354. Hannover 96 were crowned champions for the second time after a group stage and a final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071721-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 German football championship\nIt was Hannover's second appearance in the German final, having previously won the championship in 1938, beating Schalke 04 4-3 after extra-time. Kaiserslautern were making their fourth appearance, and was the third time they had reached the final in four years, following their championship wins in 1951 and 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071721-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 German football championship\nThe format used to determine the German champion was different from the 1953 season. Only six teams qualified for the championship, instead of eight. These six teams were split into two groups of three, and only played a single round of matches with games on neutral grounds; previously it had been home-and-away games. The reason for this format change and the reduction in the number of games was Germanys qualifying for the 1954 FIFA World Cup, held shortly after the championship final. As in the past seasons, the two group winners then played the national final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 602]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071722-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Giro d'Italia\nThe 1954 Giro d'Italia was the 37th\u00a0edition of the Giro d'Italia, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Giro started off in Palermo on 21 May with a 36\u00a0km (22.4\u00a0mi) team time trial and concluded in Milan with a 222\u00a0km (137.9\u00a0mi) relatively flat mass-start stage on 13 June. Fifteen teams entered the race, which was won by Swiss Carlo Clerici of the Welter team. Second and third respectively were Swiss rider Hugo Koblet and Italian Nino Assirelli.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 464]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071722-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Giro d'Italia, Teams\nFifteen teams were invited by the race organizers to participate in the 1954 edition of the Giro d'Italia. The organizers invited neighboring countries to gather a squad of riders to send to compete in the race. Belgium, Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland all entered a team, while France was offered a spot in the race and accepted, but could not form a team in time. Each team sent a squad of seven riders, which meant that the race started with a peloton of 105 cyclists. From the riders that began the race, 67 made it to the finish in Milan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 25], "content_span": [26, 575]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071722-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Giro d'Italia, Pre-race favorites\nFausto Coppi (Bianchi) was seen as the clear\u2013cut favorite, because of the strength of his supporting team. Coppi's greatest challenger was thought to be Hugo Koblet (Cilo). Koblet entered the race in what was regarded as not great form, but if he were to gain his form in the race, then his chances of victory would be large. A La Sentinelle writer felt that Koblet's presence made the competition interesting as it felt no other rider could challenge Coppi. Koblet was thought to have a better support from his team relative to the past couple of years and was expected to contend for the general classification.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 38], "content_span": [39, 652]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071722-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Giro d'Italia, Pre-race favorites\nOutside candidates included Fiorenzo Magni (Nivea) who would normally be considered a more legitimate contender; however, he was recovering from a fall in the one\u2013day race Roma\u2013Napoli\u2013Roma. Roma-Napoli-Roma winner Bruno Monti (Arbos) and Pasquale Fornara (Bottecchia) were seen as other challengers. \"Old\" three\u2013time champion Gino Bartali (Bartali) lined up to race while being supported by his usual domestiques Corrieri and Bresci.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 38], "content_span": [39, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071722-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Giro d'Italia, Pre-race favorites\nWhile noting that the Giro had been primarily won by Italian riders, Feuille d'Avis Valaisan felt the teams with Belgians, Spanish, and Swiss teams would have a good chance to rival the Italian squads. Nouvelliste Valasain writer even commented that a coalition of some sort exists between Italian riders against the foreign riders. Girardengo-Eldorado riders Stan Ockers and Rik Van Steenbergen were seen as the best Belgian entrants. Their Raymond Impanis was seen a potential threat, but due to disputes with their team director, his participation was questionable. Heinz M\u00fcller was the German Clement team's best chance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 38], "content_span": [39, 663]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071722-0004-0001", "contents": "1954 Giro d'Italia, Pre-race favorites\nThe Dutch team Locomotief was thought to be filled with good climbers and rouleurs with the likes of Wim Van Est, Wout Wagtmans, and the Voorting brothers Adrie and Gerrit. The team was expected to do well in the opening team time trial. Spanish Climber Jesus Loro\u00f1o (Ideor) was seen as a contender in the mountains after his performance at the 1953 Tour de France, where he won as a stage and the Mountains classification. Bernard Ruiz and Francisco Masip were two other Spanish riders to watch. Fritz Sch\u00e4r (Guerra) was seen as a rider who would favor the intermediate sprints classification despite his recent poor performance at the Tour de Romandie. Carlo Clerici (Welter) was thought to have \"class and will.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 38], "content_span": [39, 754]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071722-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Giro d'Italia, Pre-race favorites\nNotable absences included Ferdinand K\u00fcbler (Fiorelli) who had an ongoing dispute with the race organizers following his abandonment of the Giro the year before. Louison Bobet (Mercier) was seen as a rider who could pose a threat to Coppi, but due to previous incidences of giving him up, he was not seen as a strong contender.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 38], "content_span": [39, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071722-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 Giro d'Italia, Route and stages\nThe route's first fourteen stages were revealed on 25 February 1954, amid speculation that Rome was not going to be included. The rest was revealed on 6 May 1954. The route included two time trials, one team and one individual. The inclusion of the team time trial was criticized as it was thought to give too much of an advantage to the wealthier teams. In addition, the team time trial that year was held midway through the race and several teams were down men through disease or abandonment, which only further hindered teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 36], "content_span": [37, 566]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071722-0006-0001", "contents": "1954 Giro d'Italia, Route and stages\nTo assuage this complaint of the teams, the team time trial stage was made first. Critics felt that the route would be similar to year's past, where all the action would be in the closing days, citing the 20th and 21st stages as being the most difficult. The press felt that the increased number of intermediate sprints would lead to more attacks throughout the stage ad help animate the race. The race started in Palermo for the first time since 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 36], "content_span": [37, 489]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071722-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 Giro d'Italia, Race overview\nIn the sixth stage, Carlo Clerici escaped and took the lead with a big margin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 33], "content_span": [34, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071722-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 Giro d'Italia, Race overview\nIn the twentieth stage, Fausto Coppi won and took some time back. His fans were hoping that he would show more action on the twenty-first stage which included the Bernina Pass, but cyclists rode slowly as a form of protest against the racing conditions, taking almost ten hours to cover the 222\u00a0km stage; this event became known as the Bernina strike. When the race ended in Milan the next day, angry supporters whistled at the cyclists. For his leading role in the strike, Coppi was given a two-months suspension, although this was later revoked.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 33], "content_span": [34, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071722-0009-0000", "contents": "1954 Giro d'Italia, Classification leadership\nOne jersey was worn during the 1954 Giro d'Italia. The leader of the general classification \u2013 calculated by adding the stage finish times of each rider \u2013 wore a pink jersey. This classification is the most important of the race, and its winner is considered as the winner of the Giro. The winner of the general classification received 72,000 francs. In total 32,555,000 lire (then roughly 227,000 Swiss francs) was awarded. Each day a rider wore the pink jersey, he would win 15,000 francs. Each stage winner received  49,000 francs. A green jersey was awarded to the best ranked foreign rider in the general classification, who also received a sum of money each day the jersey was awarded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 45], "content_span": [46, 736]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071722-0010-0000", "contents": "1954 Giro d'Italia, Classification leadership\nThe mountains classification awarded all awarded three points to the first rider and one point to the second rider to cross the summit of a categorized climb. There was no leader's jersey awarded for this classification. The winner received 10,000 francs. Although no jersey was awarded, there was also a classification for the teams, in which the teams were awarded points for their rider's performance during the stages in the intermediate sprints.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 45], "content_span": [46, 496]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071722-0011-0000", "contents": "1954 Giro d'Italia, Classification leadership\nIn the gran premio traguardi volanti or intermediate sprint classification points were awarded at designated sprint locations throughout each stage's route and at the stage finishes. In total there were 64 designated sprint points throughout the race. Points were awarded to the first three riders to pass through the assigned point: first received five points, second received three points, and third received one point. The winner of each sprint will receive 650 francs, while the overall classification winner received 81,000 francs. The leader of this classification wore a white jersey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 45], "content_span": [46, 637]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071722-0012-0000", "contents": "1954 Giro d'Italia, Aftermath\nFollowing the race, a Nouvelliste Valaisan writer described how non-Italian riders dominated the race by winning 11 of the 22 stage, while having 35 foreigners riding to 75 Italians starting the race. The writer acknowledged that some critics felt Italian cycling was beginning to decline as the \"Big Three\" Bartali, Coppi, and Magni would be soon exiting the sport; however, the writer noted that Giancarlo Astrua, Nino Defilippis, Pasquale Fornara, among others would help maintain Italian cycling's presence. In particular, the writer felt the younger riders attacked more and forced the older riders out of their reserves quicker than expected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 29], "content_span": [30, 678]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071722-0012-0001", "contents": "1954 Giro d'Italia, Aftermath\nThe writer concluded that the Swiss riders have earned respect from their peers and become favorites entering races now, while stating that the Swiss riders that will contest the upcoming Tour de France will have a lengthy time off to rest before its start because of the 1954 FIFA World Cup. A Nouvelliste Valaisan writer wrote that large attacks were expected on the 21st stage which featured the Bernina pass; however, the attacks did not come, which at the time they speculated it was due to fatigue of the riders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 29], "content_span": [30, 548]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071722-0012-0002", "contents": "1954 Giro d'Italia, Aftermath\nDue to the low effort by the riders and slow stage speed, race organizers cut the prize money on the stage by half. Later this inaction by the peloton on the 21st stage became known as the \"Bernina strike.\" Another Nouvelliste Valaisan writer described the collective performance by the Swiss riders as the best in the nation's history at the Giro, as three finished in the top 12 of the general classification.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 29], "content_span": [30, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071723-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Giro di Lombardia\nThe 1954 Giro di Lombardia cycling race took place on October 31, 1954, and was won by Bianchi-Pirelli's Fausto Coppi. It was the 48th edition of the Giro di Lombardia \"monument\" classic race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071724-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Gold Coast general election\nGeneral elections were held in the Gold Coast on 15 June 1954. The result was a victory for Kwame Nkrumah's Convention People's Party, which won 71 of the 104 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071724-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Gold Coast general election, Background\nThe election was held following the approval of a new constitution on 29 April 1954. The new constitution meant that assembly members were no longer elected by the tribal councils, the Assembly was enlarged, and all members were chosen by direct election from equal, single-member constituencies. It established a cabinet composed of African ministers, and only defense and foreign policy remained in the hands of the governor; the elected assembly was given control over the majority of internal affairs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 550]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071724-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Gold Coast general election, Aftermath\nIn May 1956, Nkrumah's government issued a white paper containing proposals for Gold Coast independence. The British Government stated it would agree to a firm date for independence if a reasonable majority for such a step were obtained in the Gold Coast Legislative Assembly after a general election. This election was held in July 1956, and resulted in another win for the CPP. Gold Coast became the independent nation of Ghana on 6 March 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071725-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Governor General's Awards\nIn Canada, the 1954 Governor General's Awards for Literary Merit were the eighteenth such awards. The awards in this period had no monetary prize but were an honour for the authors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071726-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Grand National\nThe 1954 Grand National was the 108th annual renewal of the Grand National steeplechase that took place at Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool, England, on 10 April 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071726-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Grand National\nThe race was won by ten-year-old gelding Royal Tan, an 8/1 shot trained by Vincent O'Brien. O'Brien had also trained the previous year's winner, Early Mist, and would secure a third consecutive win the following year with Quare Times. Royal Tan was ridden by jockey Bryan Marshall, who also won his second consecutive Grand National. Tudor Line was second and the 15/2 favourite Irish Lizard finished third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071726-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Grand National\nOnly 29 horses ran in the race, the fewest since 1935 when 27 ran. The 1954 running saw four equine fatalities during the race; this remains the only Grand National renewal to have yielded four fatalities. Dominick's Bar dropped dead jumping the second fence; Paris New York incurred a cervical fracture at the fourth. Legal Joy, who finished second two years previously, broke a leg at the 13th and had to be euthanised, while Coneyburrow was injured at the 28th and also had to be put down. The two latter fatalities remain the only ones ever recorded at the 13th and 28th fences in the Grand National.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 624]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071727-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season\nThe 1954 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season was the sixth F.I.M. Road Racing World Championship Grand Prix season. The season consisted of nine Grand Prix races in five classes: 500cc, 350cc, 250cc, 125cc and Sidecars 500cc. It began on 30 May, with French Grand Prix and ended with Spanish Grand Prix on 3 October.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071727-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season, 1954 Grand Prix season calendar\n\u2020 The 500 cc race was stopped by bad weather, and the FIM excluded the race from the World Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 73], "content_span": [74, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071727-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season, 1954 Grand Prix season calendar\n\u2020\u2020 The Sidecars and 125cc races were held on the 10.6-mile (17.364) km long Clypse Course other than the usual 37 mile (62\u00a0km) Snaefell mountain course.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 73], "content_span": [74, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071727-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season, Standings, Scoring system\nPoints were awarded to the top six finishers in each race. Only the four best races counted in the Sidecars, 125cc and 250cc, while in the 350cc and 500cc championships, the five best results were counted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071728-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Great Britain Lions tour\nThe 1954 Great Britain Lions tour was a tour by the Great Britain national rugby league team of Australia and New Zealand which took place between May and August 1954. Captained by Dickie Williams, the tour involved a schedule of 32 games: 22 in Australia and 10 in New Zealand, with two three-match Test Series against both nations. The tour began inauspiciously, with Great Britain losing four of their first seven matches, including the First Test against Australia in Sydney. Moving into the Queensland leg, the Lions\u2019 results improved, and they won all nine of their matches in the state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 623]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071728-0000-0001", "contents": "1954 Great Britain Lions tour\nThis included victory in the Second Test in Brisbane. A common feature of many of the tour matches was rough play, punches being throw in and out of tackles. The July 10 match against New South Wales was abandoned by the referee seventeen minutes into the second half due to persistent brawling by the players. One week after the abandoned game, Australia won the Third Test to claim the Ashes by a 2-1 margin. Moving to New Zealand, Great Britain lost the Second Test, but recovered to win the Third Test and the series, by a 2-1 margin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071728-0000-0002", "contents": "1954 Great Britain Lions tour\nThe tour concluded with three matches in five days back in Australia at Sydney, Canberra and Maitland. Despite being a British team \u2013 five of the squad were Welsh, two from Scotland and hooker Tom McKinney from Northern Ireland \u2013 the team played, and were often referred to by both the press at home and away, as England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071728-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian Leg\nWestern Division: FB: Ron Beaumont ( Canowindra), WG: P. Weldon (Trangie), CE: Joe Cohen ( Wellington), CE: Laurie Burke ( St Patrick's), WG: Peter Marks ( Warren), FE: Peter Bracken ( Parkes), HB: Keith Deacon (Dubbo), LK: R. Harben ( Baradine), SR: Frank Hogan ( St Patrick's), SR: Ron Potter (Our Boys), PR: R. Border (Coonabarabran), HK: Ken Fogarty ( Forbes), PR: Bryan Cameron (Trangie), Coach: Frank Bell (Arms Factory). Great Britain: FB: Jack Cunliffe, WG: Billy Boston, CE: Terry O'Grady, CE: Doug Greenall, WG: Lewis Jones, FE: Phil Jackson, HB: Alf Burnell, LK: Ken Traill, SR: Brian Briggs, SR: Nat Silcock, PR: Jim Bowden, HK: Tom McKinney, PR: John Henderson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 720]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071728-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian Leg\nNewcastle: FB: Dave Parkinson (age 31) ( Cessnock), WG: Bill Callinan ( Maitland), CE: Geoff Hawkey (20) ( Centrals), CE: Frank Threlfo (22) ( Maitland), WG: Don Adams (21) ( Maitland), FE: Merv Walters ( Cessnock), HB: Bobby Banks (24) ( Waratah Mayfield), LK: Barry Levido (24) ( Cessnock), SR: Don Schofield (23) ( Cessnock), SR: Doug Chappell (23) ( Kurri), PR: Fred Brown (26) ( Maitland), HK: Bob Crane (30) ( Norths), PR: Doug Hawke (24) ( Norths), Coach: Frank Hawthorne ( Centrals). Great Britain: FB: Ted Cahill, WG: Andrew Turnbull, CE: Doug Greenall, CE: Ernie Ashcroft, WG: Frank Castle, FE: Raymond Price, HB: Gerry Helme, LK: Dave Valentine, SR: Charlie Pawsey, SR: Brian Briggs, PR: Alan Prescott, HK: Tommy Harris, PR: Jack Wilkinson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 797]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071728-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian Leg\nRiverina: FB: Peter McGrath ( Temora), WG: Johnny Graves ( Cootamundra), CE: Wal Towers ( Gundagai), CE: Gerry Lowe ( Cowra), WG: Jim Denaher (Ungarie), FE: Brian Longhurst ( Gundagai), HB: Doug Cameron ( Young), LK: Peter O'Connor ( Young), SR: Len Henman ( Temora), SR: Kenneth Fitzgerald ( Tarcutta), PR: Nevyl Hand ( Gundagai), HK: Ken Mulrooney ( Kangaroos), PR: G. Robinson ( Young). Albert Paul ( Griffith) and Tom Ryan ( Temora) were selected but withdrew owing to injury. Great Britain: FB: Ted Cahill, WG: Andrew Turnbull, CE: Phil Jackson, CE: Ernie Ashcroft, WG: Terry O'Grady, FE: Dickie Williams, HB: Alf Burnell, LK: Ken Traill, SR: Geoff Gunney, SR: Charlie Pawsey, PR: John Henderson, HK: Tom McKinney, PR: Jim Bowden.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 781]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071728-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian Leg\nSydney: FB: Clive Churchill (age 27) ( Souths), WG: Ross Kite (22) ( St George), CE: Dick Poole (23) ( Newtown), CE: Merv Lees (21) ( St George), WG: Kevin Hole (21) ( St George), FE: Johnny Dougherty (22) ( Souths), HB: Keith Holman (26) ( Wests), LK: Harold Crocker (26) ( Parramatta), SR: Norm Provan (22) ( St George), SR: Jack Rayner (33) ( Souths), PR: Roy Bull (24) ( Manly), HK: Ken Kearney (28) ( St George), PR: Don Evenden (24) ( Norths). Great Britain: FB: Jack Cunliffe, WG: Billy Boston, CE: Doug Greenall, CE: Ernie Ashcroft, WG: Lewis Jones, FE: Dickie Williams, HB: Gerry Helme, LK: Dave Valentine, SR: Nat Silcock, SR: Jack Wilkinson, PR: Jim Bowden, HK: Tommy Harris, PR: John Henderson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 752]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071728-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian Leg\nSouthern Division: FB: Darcy Russell ( Wests), WG: Brian Carlson (21) ( C.B.C. ), CE: Harry Wells (22) ( Wollongong), CE: Johnny Rouse ( Nowra), WG: Jack Lumsden ( Wests), FE: Col Donohue ( Corrimal), HB: Noel Hill ( Thirroul), SR: Noel Mulligan (28) ( C.B.C. ), SR: Angus Miller ( Berry), LK: Jack Quinn ( Gerringong), PR: Austin Lawler ( C.B.C. ), HK: Neville Gosson (Bargo), PR: Bruce Noble (21) ( Jamberoo). Great Britain: FB: Ted Cahill, WG: Terry O'Grady, CE: Doug Greenall, CE: Jack Cunliffe, WG: Frank Castle, FE: Raymond Price, HB: Alf Burnell, LK: Ken Traill, SR: Dave Valentine, SR: Charlie Pawsey, PR: Alan Prescott, HK: Tom McKinney, PR: Jack Wilkinson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 712]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071728-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian Leg\nNew South Wales: FB: Clive Churchill (age 27) ( Souths), WG: Noel Pidding (27) ( Maitland), CE: Dick Poole (23) ( Newtown), CE: Harry Wells (22) ( Wollongong), WG: Brian Carlson (21) ( C.B.C. Wollongong), FE: Johnny Dougherty (22) ( Souths), HB: Keith Holman (26) ( Wests), LK: Harold Crocker (26) ( Parramatta), SR: Norm Provan (22) ( St George), SR: Jack Rayner (33) ( Souths), PR: Roy Bull (28) ( Manly), HK: Ken Kearney (24) ( St George), PR: Jim Evans (24) ( Newtown).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071728-0006-0001", "contents": "1954 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian Leg\nThe following were named as reserves but did not play: Bill Garvin (22) ( Balmain) and Barry Levido (22) ( Cessnock). Great Britain: FB: Ted Cahill, WG: Terry O'Grady, CE: Doug Greenall, CE: Ernie Ashcroft, WG: Frank Castle, FE: Phil Jackson, HB: Gerry Helme, LK: Dave Valentine, SR: Nat Silcock, SR: Charlie Pawsey, PR: Alan Prescott, HK: Tom McKinney, PR: Jack Wilkinson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071728-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian Leg, 1st Test\nAustralia: FB: Clive Churchill (age 27) ( South Sydney), WG: Noel Pidding (27) ( Maitland), CE: Ken McCaffery (22) ( Toowoomba Souths), CE: Alex Watson (24) ( Brisbane Western Suburbs), WG: Brian Carlson (21) ( C.B.C. Wollongong), FE: Bob Banks (23) ( Toowoomba Newtown), HB: Keith Holman (26) ( Western Suburbs), LK: Harold Crocker (26) ( Parramatta), SR: Norm Provan (22) ( St George), SR: Kel O'Shea (20) (Ayr), PR: Roy Bull (28) ( Manly-Warringah), HK: Ken Kearney (28) ( St George), PR: Duncan Hall (28) ( Brisbane Western Suburbs).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071728-0007-0001", "contents": "1954 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian Leg, 1st Test\nThe following were named as reserves but did not play: Harry Wells (22) ( Wollongong) and Brian Davies (23) ( Booval Swifts). Great Britain: FB: Jack Cunliffe, WG: Lewis Jones, CE: Ernie Ashcroft, CE: Phil Jackson, WG: Frank Castle, FE: Raymond Price, HB: Gerry Helme, LK: Ken Traill, SR: Dave Valentine, SR: Nat Silcock, PR: Alan Prescott, HK: Tom McKinney, PR: Jack Wilkinson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071728-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian Leg, 1st Test\nBrisbane: FB: Norm Pope (22) ( Valleys), WG: Wally McDonald (27) ( Valleys), CE: Noel Hurley ( Valleys), CE: Alex Watson (22) ( Wests), WG: Garry Barnett ( Valleys), FE: Keith Brown ( Wynnum), HB: Ken Booth ( Easts), LK: Jack Jones ( Valleys), SR: Stan Hassum ( Norths), SR: Norm McFadden ( Valleys), PR: Duncan Hall (28) ( Wests), HK: Johnny Flynn ( Wests), PR: Don Davey ( Norths). Leo Johnson ( Souths) was selected in the Brisbane team but did not play owing to injury. Great Britain: FB: Ted Cahill, WG: Billy Boston, CE: Phil Jackson, CE: Lewis Jones, WG: Terry O'Grady, FE: Dickie Williams, HB: Gerry Helme, LK: Dave Valentine, SR: Brian Briggs, SR: Charlie Pawsey, PR: Jim Bowden, HK: Tommy Harris, PR: John Henderson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 782]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071728-0009-0000", "contents": "1954 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian Leg, 1st Test\nQueensland: FB: Norm Pope (age 22) ( Valleys), WG: Bob Buckley (23) (Ayr), CE: Alex Watson (22) ( Wests), CE: Ken McCaffery (24) ( Toowoomba Souths), WG: Denis Flannery (26) ( Ipswich Brothers), FE: Bob Banks (23) ( Toowoomba Newtown), HB: Cyril Connell Jr (26) ( Toowoomba Newtown), LK: Kel O'Shea (20) (Ayr), SR: Brian Davies (24) ( Booval Swifts), SR: Bernie Drew (25) ( Ipswich Railways), PR: Duncan Hall (28) ( Wests), HK: Alan Hornery (28) ( Booval Swifts), PR: Jack Rooney (27) ( Toowoomba All Whites). Great Britain: FB: Ted Cahill, WG: Billy Boston, CE: Phil Jackson, CE: Lewis Jones, WG: Terry O'Grady, FE: Dickie Williams, HB: Gerry Helme, LK: Dave Valentine, SR: Brian Briggs, SR: Charlie Pawsey, PR: Jim Bowden, HK: Tom McKinney, PR: John Henderson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 818]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071728-0010-0000", "contents": "1954 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian Leg, 1st Test\nWide Bay: FB: Angie Venardos (North Coast), WG: Jim Gowdie (Gympie), CE: Cec Cooper (Bundaberg), CE: Noel Hawthorne (North Coast), WG: B. Jamieson (Gympie), FE: Ted Barnes (Bundaberg), HB: D. Nixon (Bundaberg), LK: M. Ziebath (Lower South Burnett), SR: Don Bowes (Rovers), SR: H. Symonds (Bundaberg), PR: P. Iszlaub (Lower South Burnett), HK: Keith Weston (Western Suburbs), PR: WP. Hegerty ( Cherbourg). Great Britain: FB: Jack Cunliffe, WG: Billy Boston, CE: Doug Greenall, CE: Dickie Williams, WG: Terry O'Grady, FE: Raymond Price, HB: Alf Burnell, LK: Geoff Gunney, SR: Charlie Pawsey, SR: Jack Wilkinson, PR: John Henderson, HK: Tommy Harris, PR: Jim Bowden.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 719]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071728-0011-0000", "contents": "1954 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian Leg, 1st Test\nNorth Queensland Southern Districts/Zone: FB: Lou Della-Vedova ( Magpies), WG: Bill Rasmussen ( Bucas), CE: Ike Sturgeon ( Marian), CE: Ron O'Brien ( Bucas), WG: Brian Dimmock ( Collinsville), FE: Les Kieseker ( Magpies), HB: Doug Shew ( Marian), LK: Hume Ronald ( Carltons), SR: Kevin Elliott ( Magpies), SR: Charlie Ogilvie ( Magpies), PR: Ross Ryan ( Bucas), HK: Don McKenzie ( Magpies), PR: Ross Primrose ( Carltons). Great Britain: FB: Lewis Jones, WG: Billy Boston, CE: Ernie Ashcroft, CE: Doug Greenall, WG: Nat Silcock, FE: Raymond Price, HB: Alf Burnell, LK: Geoff Gunney, SR: Brian Briggs, SR: Jack Wilkinson, PR: Jim Bowden, HK: Tom McKinney, PR: Tommy Harris.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 727]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071728-0012-0000", "contents": "1954 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian Leg, 1st Test\nFar North Queensland (North Queensland Northern Districts/Zone): FB: Frank Gill ( Kangaroos), WG: Allan Cripps (Uniteds), CE: R. Shambrook ( Kangaroos), CE: Pat Farrell (Herbert River), WG: R. Horn ( Kangaroos), FE: Hugh Kelly (22) ( Ivanhoes), HB: Dick Chant ( Ivanhoes), Jim Fallon (Mareeba), HK: R. Carter (Innisfail), Ossie Cumner (Ingham), Bill Allendorf ( Brothers), Danny Clifford (Tully), C. Blankensee ( Ivanhoes). The following were initially selected for the match but due to injury did not play: Gordon Farrelly ( Kangaroos), Mickey Shannon (Herbert River), N. McHardie and Eddie Kratzman (Tully).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 665]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071728-0012-0001", "contents": "1954 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian Leg, 1st Test\nFor the Great Britain team, the account for this match in E.E. Christensen's Official Rugby League Year Book remarks that hooker Tommy Harris played on the wing but omits his name from the accompanying Great Britain team list, which lists Alan Prescott twice, as half-back and prop. On the morning of the match (June 24) the team chosen as published in The Courier-Mail lists 14 players, with one to be omitted. This team differs from that given in the yearbook.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071728-0012-0002", "contents": "1954 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian Leg, 1st Test\nThe local, Cairns Post match report mentions within the text the eight point-scorers, but no other British players: FB: Ted Cahill, WG: Tommy Harris, CE: Jack Cunliffe, CE: Doug Greenall, WG: Dickie Williams, FE: Raymond Price, HB: Alf Burnell and Geoff Gunney. Hooker Tom McKinney was identified as playing in The Courier-Mail match report, winning \u201cthe scrums, 25 to 16, after leading 18 to 12 at half-time.\u201d Alan Prescott was listed in both The Courier-Mail team list and the yearbook, but not mentioned in The Courier-Mail or Cairns Post match reports.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 612]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071728-0012-0003", "contents": "1954 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian Leg, 1st Test\nFour players listed in both The Courier-Mail team list but not in the yearbook, and not mentioned in the yearbook are: PR: Jack Wilkinson, John Henderson, Brian Briggs and Ken Traill. The above-named 14 players are credited with a match appearance in the Squad statistics. The following four players listed only in the yearbook are not credited with an appearance for this Far North Queensland match: LK: Dave Valentine, SR: Charlie Pawsey, SR: Nat Silcock, PR: Jim Bowden.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 529]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071728-0013-0000", "contents": "1954 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian Leg, 1st Test\nNorth Queensland: FB: Nev Linde (age 23) (Ayr), WG: Bob Buckley (Ayr), CE: Gordon Farrelly ( Kangaroos), CE: Graham Laird ( Magpies), WG: Graham \\ Geoff Nash (Tully), FE: Brian Dimmock ( Collinsville), HB: Jack Russell-Green (Ayr), LK: Ross Primrose ( Carltons), SR: Roy Greenwood (Tully), SR: Bill Duell (Ayr), PR:  Jack (Jerry) McAuliffe ( Brothers), HK: Ron Griffiths ( Ivanhoes), PR: Hume Ronald ( Carltons), Coach: Len Pegg (age 32). Great Britain: FB: Lewis Jones, WG: Billy Boston, CE: Ernie Ashcroft, CE: Phil Jackson, WG: Terry O'Grady, FE: Dickie Williams, HB: Gerry Helme, LK: Dave Valentine, SR: Charlie Pawsey, SR: Nat Silcock, PR: Jim Bowden, HK: Tom McKinney, PR: Alan Prescott.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 749]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071728-0014-0000", "contents": "1954 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian Leg, 1st Test\nCentral Queensland: FB: Rex Morrison ( Norths), WG: Des McGovern (26) ( Railways), CE: Matt McCoy (30) ( Fitzroys), CE: Cec Cooper (28) ( Brothers), WG: Joe Jackson (Gladstone), FE: George Williams ( Fitzroys), HB: Duncan Jackson ( Lifesavers), LK: Alf Bawden ( Fitzroys), SR: Ray (Neilsen) Nielson ( Fitzroys), SR: John Perrin ( Norths), PR: R. Gutheridge ( Fitzroys), HK: L. Tynan ( Railways), PR: B. Cridland ( Norths). Great Britain: FB: Ted Cahill, WG: Nat Silcock, CE: Jack Cunliffe, CE: Doug Greenall, WG: Brian Briggs, FE: Raymond Price, HB: Alf Burnell, LK: Ken Traill, SR: Geoff Gunney, SR: Jack Wilkinson, PR: John Henderson, HK: Tom McKinney, PR: Jim Bowden", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 725]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071728-0015-0000", "contents": "1954 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian Leg, 2nd Test\nAustralia: FB: Clive Churchill ( South Sydney), WG: Noel Pidding ( Maitland), CE: Noel Hazzard (Roma), CE: Alex Watson ( Brisbane Western Suburbs), WG: Brian Carlson ( C.B.C. Wollongong), FE: Bob Sullivan ( North Sydney), HB: Keith Holman ( Western Suburbs), LK: Harold Crocker ( Parramatta), SR: Norm Provan ( St George), SR: Kel O'Shea (Ayr), PR: Duncan Hall ( Brisbane Western Suburbs), HK: Ken Kearney ( St George), PR: Roy Bull ( Manly-Warringah). The following were named as reserves but did not play:  Cyril Connell Jr ( Toowoomba Newtown) and Brian Davies ( Booval Swifts). Great Britain: FB: Lewis Jones, WG: Billy Boston, CE: Phil Jackson, CE: Ernie Ashcroft, WG: Terry O'Grady, FE: Dickie Williams, HB: Gerry Helme, LK: Dave Valentine, SR: Nat Silcock, SR: Charlie Pawsey, PR: Jim Bowden, HK: Tom McKinney, PR: Alan Prescott.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 892]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071728-0016-0000", "contents": "1954 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian Leg, 2nd Test\nToowoomba: FB: Bevan Hoyle ( Souths), WG: Bill Monkland ( All Whites), CE: Noel Hazzard (Roma), CE: Athol Halpin ( All Whites), WG: Alan Norris ( Valleys), FE: Bob Banks ( Newtown), HB: Cyril Connell Jr ( Newtown), LK: Ron (Roy) Teys ( Valleys), SR: Don Furner ( Souths), SR: Bill Beardsworth ( Valleys), PR: Vince Soorley ( Newtown), HK: Kev Boshammer ( All Whites), PR: Neil Teys ( Newtown), Coach: Duncan Thompson ( Toowoomba). Great Britain: FB: Lewis Jones, WG: Billy Boston, CE: Jack Cunliffe, CE: Doug Greenall, WG: Nat Silcock, FE: Raymond Price, HB: Alf Burnell, LK: Ken Traill, SR: Charlie Pawsey, SR: Geoff Gunney, PR: Jack Wilkinson, HK: Tom McKinney, PR: John Henderson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 739]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071728-0017-0000", "contents": "1954 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian Leg, 2nd Test\nNorthern NSW: FB: Brian Graham (17) ( South Grafton), WG: John Rowlings ( Armidale), CE: Bruce Grace ( Gunnedah), CE: Jim Daley (Casino All Stars), WG: George Smith ( Nambucca), FE: Noel McKay (18) ( Bowraville), HB: Barry McConnell (Tweed), LK: Les Reid ( Scone), SR: Monty Porter ( East Tamworth), SR: George Alaban (Diggers), PR: Harry Melville ( Scone), HK: Alf Hardman ( Moree), PR: Arthur Henderson ( Moree). Great Britain: FB: Jack Cunliffe, WG: Billy Boston, CE: Phil Jackson, CE: Doug Greenall, WG: Nat Silcock, FE: Raymond Price, HB: Alf Burnell, LK: Ken Traill, SR: Geoff Gunney, SR: Brian Briggs, PR: Alan Prescott, HK: Jack Wilkinson, PR: John Henderson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 723]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071728-0018-0000", "contents": "1954 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian Leg, 2nd Test\nNew South Wales: FB: Clive Churchill (age 27) ( Souths), WG: Noel Pidding (27) ( Maitland), CE: Harry Wells (22) ( Wollongong), CE: Merv Lees (21) ( St George), WG: Brian Carlson (21) ( C.B.C. Wollongong), FE: Dick Poole (23) ( Newtown), HB: Keith Holman (26) ( Wests), LK: Peter Diversi (22) ( Norths), SR: Norm Provan (22) ( St George), SR: Jack Rayner (33) ( Souths), PR: Jim Evans (24) ( Newtown), HK: Ken Kearney (28) ( St George), PR: Roy Bull (24) ( Manly).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071728-0018-0001", "contents": "1954 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian Leg, 2nd Test\nThe following were named as reserves but did not play:  Ross Kite (22) ( St George) and Don Evenden (24) ( Norths),Great Britain: FB: Geoff Gunney, WG: Brian Briggs, CE: Jack Cunliffe, CE: Doug Greenall, WG: Jack Wilkinson, FE: Raymond Price, HB: Alf Burnell, LK: Ken Traill, SR: Charlie Pawsey, SR: John Henderson, PR: Alan Prescott, HK: Dickie Williams, PR: Tommy Harris.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071728-0019-0000", "contents": "1954 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian Leg, 3rd Test\nAustralia: FB: Clive Churchill (age 27) ( South Sydney), WG: Brian Carlson (21) ( C.B.C. Wollongong), CE: Harry Wells (22) ( Wollongong), CE: Alex Watson (22) ( Brisbane Western Suburbs), WG: Noel Pidding (27) ( Maitland), FE: Bob Banks (23) ( Toowoomba Newtown), HB: Keith Holman (26) ( Western Suburbs), LK: Peter Diversi (22) ( North Sydney), SR: Norm Provan (22) ( St George), SR: Kel O'Shea (21) (Ayr), PR: Brian Davies (23) ( Booval Swifts), HK: Ken Kearney (28) ( St George), PR: Duncan Hall (28) ( Brisbane Western Suburbs), Roy Bull ( Manly-Warringah) was selected but withdrew owing to injury.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 659]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071728-0019-0001", "contents": "1954 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian Leg, 3rd Test\nThe following were named as reserves but did not play: Dick Poole (23) ( Newtown) and Don Evenden (24) ( North Sydney). Great Britain: FB: Lewis Jones, WG: Billy Boston, CE: Phil Jackson, CE: Ernie Ashcroft, WG: Terry O'Grady, FE: Dickie Williams, HB: Gerry Helme, LK: Dave Valentine, SR: Nat Silcock, SR: Charlie Pawsey, PR: Alan Prescott, HK: Tom McKinney, PR: Jim Bowden.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071728-0020-0000", "contents": "1954 Great Britain Lions tour, New Zealand leg\nFor M\u0101ori the following 14 players were selected, with one to be omitted: R. Haggie, A. Berryman, J. Gibbons, J. Wright, T. Penny, William Sorensen, G. Turner, J. Wills, D. Diamond, John Yates, H. Maxwell, N. Rakena, R. Royal, J. Ratima. For Great Britain: centre Doug Greenall scored a try.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 46], "content_span": [47, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071728-0020-0001", "contents": "1954 Great Britain Lions tour, New Zealand leg\nHe was not, however, amongst the 13 players named prior to the match: FB: Jack Cunliffe, WG: Terry O'Grady, CE: Ernie Ashcroft, CE: Phil Jackson, WG: Frank Castle, FE: Raymond Price, HB: Alf Burnell, LK: Ken Traill, SR: Nat Silcock, SR: Brian Briggs, PR: Alan Prescott, HK: Tommy Harris, PR: John Henderson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 46], "content_span": [47, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071728-0021-0000", "contents": "1954 Great Britain Lions tour, New Zealand leg, 1st Test\nNew Zealand: FB: Des White, WG: Cyril Eastlake ( Auckland), CE: Ron McKay ( Taranaki), CE: Tommy Baxter, WG: Jim Edwards ( Auckland), FE: George Menzies (West Coast), HB: Jim Haig, PR: Cliff Johnson ( Auckland), HK: Roy Roff, PR: William McLennan (West Coast), SR: John Bond ( Canterbury), SR: Frank Mulcare, LK: Alister Atkinson ( Canterbury). Great Britain: FB: Lewis Jones, WG: Billy Boston, CE: Phil Jackson, CE: Ernie Ashcroft, WG: Terry O'Grady, FE: Raymond Price, HB: Gerry Helme, PR: Alan Prescott, HK: Tommy Harris, PR: Jack Wilkinson, SR: Geoff Gunney, SR: Charlie Pawsey, LK: Dave Valentine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 659]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071728-0022-0000", "contents": "1954 Great Britain Lions tour, New Zealand leg, 2nd Test\nNew Zealand: FB: Des White, WG: Jim Edwards ( Auckland), CE: Ron Ackland, CE: Tommy Baxter, WG: Vern Bakalich, FE: William Sorensen ( Auckland), HB: Jim Haig, PR: Cliff Johnson (Auckland ), HK: Lory Blanchard ( Canterbury), PR: William McLennan (West Coast), SR: John Butterfield ( Canterbury), SR: Frank Mulcare, LK: Alister Atkinson ( Canterbury). Great Britain: FB: Lewis Jones, WG: Billy Boston, CE: Phil Jackson, CE: Doug Greenall, WG: Terry O'Grady, FE: Dickie Williams, HB: Gerry Helme, PR: Alan Prescott, HK: Tommy Harris, PR: Jack Wilkinson, SR: Geoff Gunney, SR: Brian Briggs, LK: Dave Valentine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 663]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071728-0023-0000", "contents": "1954 Great Britain Lions tour, New Zealand leg, 3rd Test\nNew Zealand: FB: Des White, WG: Jim Edwards ( Auckland), CE: Ron Ackland, CE: Jim Austin ( Auckland), WG: Tommy Baxter, FE: William Sorensen (Auckland ), HB: Jim Haig, PR: Cliff Johnson ( Auckland), HK: Lory Blanchard ( Canterbury), PR: William McLennan (West Coast), SR: John Butterfield ( Canterbury), SR: Frank Mulcare, LK: Alister Atkinson ( Canterbury). Great Britain: FB: Lewis Jones, WG: Billy Boston, CE: Phil Jackson, CE: Ernie Ashcroft, WG: Terry O'Grady, FE: Raymond Price, HB: Alf Burnell, PR: Alan Prescott, HK: Tom McKinney, PR: Jim Bowden, SR: Geoff Gunney, SR: Charlie Pawsey, LK: Ken Traill.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 665]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071728-0024-0000", "contents": "1954 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian return Leg\nNew South Wales: FB: Clive Churchill (age 27) ( Souths), WG: Brian Carlson (21) ( C.B.C. Wollongong), CE: Dick Poole (23) ( Newtown), CE: Merv Lees (21) ( St George), WG: Ross Kite (22) ( St George), FE: Greg Hawick (23) ( Souths), HB: Keith Holman (26) ( Wests), LK: Peter Diversi (22) ( Norths), SR: Norm Provan (22) ( St George), SR: Jack Rayner (33) ( Souths), PR: Jim Evans (24) ( Newtown), HK: Ken Kearney (28) ( St George), PR: Roy Bull (24) ( Manly).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 52], "content_span": [53, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071728-0024-0001", "contents": "1954 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian return Leg\nThe following were named as reserves but did not play: Bobby Whitton (22) ( Newtown) and Harold Crocker (24) ( Parramatta). Great Britain: FB: Lewis Jones, WG: Billy Boston, CE: Dave Valentine, CE: Ernie Ashcroft, FE: Raymond Price, HB: Gerry Helme, LK: Ken Traill, SR: Geoff Gunney, SR: Nat Silcock, PR: Jim Bowden, HK: Tom McKinney, PR: Alan Prescott, WG Dickie Williams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 52], "content_span": [53, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071728-0025-0000", "contents": "1954 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian return Leg\nSouthern NSW: FB: Keith Barnes ( Wollongong), WG: Jack Lumsden ( Wests), CE: Col Johnson ( Cooma Rovers), CE: Alan (Allan) Hawke ( Norths), WG: Johnny Graves ( Cootamundra), FE: Jim / Jack Gartner (Adaminaby), HB: Doug Cameron ( Young), LK: Noel Mulligan ( C.B.C. ), SR: Angus Miller ( Berry), SR: Stan Greenwood ( Yass), PR: Ron (Ralph) Foster ( Norths), HK: Billy Rayner ( Yass), PR: Bill Hodges ( Wollongong). Great Britain: FB: Lewis Jones, WG: Nat Silcock, CE: Phil Jackson, CE: Doug Greenall, WG: Dave Valentine, FE: Dickie Williams, HB: Gerry Helme, LK: Ken Traill, SR: Brian Briggs, SR: Jim Bowden, PR: Alan Prescott, HK: Tom McKinney, PR: Jack Wilkinson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 52], "content_span": [53, 716]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071728-0026-0000", "contents": "1954 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian return Leg\nNewcastle Coalfields: FB: Dave Parkinson ( Cessnock), WG: Don Adams ( Maitland), CE: Bill Sneddon ( Cessnock), CE: Colin De Lore ( Lakes United), WG: Lester Batey ( Cessnock), FE: Ray Allsop ( Lakes United), HB: Bobby Banks ( Waratah Mayfield), LK: Gus Gray ( Lakes United), SR: Doug Hawke ( Norths), SR: Tom Pitman ( Lakes United), PR: Jack Mantle ( Norths), HK: Bob Crane ( Norths), PR: Fred Brown ( Maitland). Great Britain: FB: Lewis Jones, WG: Doug Greenall, CE: Ernie Ashcroft, CE: Phil Jackson, WG: Nat Silcock, FE: Raymond Price, HB: Gerry Helme, LK: Dave Valentine, SR: Geoff Gunney, SR: Alan Prescott, PR: Brian Briggs, HK: Tommy Harris, PR: Jack Wilkinson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 52], "content_span": [53, 720]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071728-0027-0000", "contents": "1954 Great Britain Lions tour, Statistics\nBrian Carlson, Clive Churchill, Keith Holman, Ken Kearney, and Norm Provan all appeared in seven matches against Great Britain - in each instance three games for Australia, three for New South Wales and one for Sydney. The most tries scored against the Lions was six, by Brian Carlson. Keith Holman and Ken McCaffery each scored four tries. Noel Pidding scored the most points against the tourists, with 51 from three tries and 21 goals in five matches. In the Test Series the leading scorers were Noel Pidding 36 (Australia) and Des White 22 (New Zealand).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071728-0027-0001", "contents": "1954 Great Britain Lions tour, Statistics\nLewis Jones scored the most points for the Lions against both opponents, 30 against Australia and 20 against New Zealand. Billy Boston scored six tries in the six tests, including four against New Zealand. Dickie Williams scored three tries against Australia. Brian Carlson scored three tries in the Ashes Tests for Australia. No New Zealander scored more than a single try in their three Test series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071729-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Green Bay Packers season\nThe 1954 Green Bay Packers season was their 36th season overall and their 34th season in the National Football League. The team finished with a 4\u20138 record under new head coach Lisle Blackbourn and finished fifth in the Western Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071729-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Green Bay Packers season\nIn a season of streaks, the Packers lost their first three games, all at home, climbed back to .500 at 4\u20134, then lost their final four.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071729-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Green Bay Packers season, Regular season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071730-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Grenadian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Grenada on 20 September 1954. Although independent candidates received the most votes, Eric Gairy's Grenada United Labour Party (the only political party in existence at the time) won six of the eight seats, as it had done in the 1951 elections. At this time the Legislative Council had few powers. The role of head of government remained with the Administrator.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 425]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071731-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Guamanian legislative election, Electoral system\nThe 21 members of the Legislature were elected from a single district, with the candidates receiving the most votes being elected. Candidates were required to be at least 25 years old and have lived in Guam for at least five years before the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 53], "content_span": [54, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071731-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Guamanian legislative election, Results\nThe Popular Party won a majority of seats, with the remainder won by independents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071731-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Guamanian legislative election, Aftermath\nFollowing the elections there was a dispute within the Popular Party over the election of the Speaker. Eight MPs accused Antonio Borja Won Pat, who had served as Speaker during the 1950\u201352 and 1952\u201354 legislatures, of going back on a gentlemen's agreement to stand down after two terms. The eight left the party and joined with three independents to elect Francisco B. Leon Guerrero as Speaker. The eight later formed the Territorial Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 46], "content_span": [47, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat\nThe 1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, code-named Operation PBSuccess, was a covert operation carried out by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) that deposed the democratically elected Guatemalan President Jacobo \u00c1rbenz and ended the Guatemalan Revolution of 1944\u20131954. It installed the military dictatorship of Carlos Castillo Armas, the first in a series of U.S.-backed authoritarian rulers in Guatemala.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat\nThe Guatemalan Revolution began in 1944, after a popular uprising toppled the military dictatorship of Jorge Ubico. Juan Jos\u00e9 Ar\u00e9valo was elected president in Guatemala's first democratic election. He introduced a minimum wage and near-universal suffrage, and turned Guatemala into a democracy. Ar\u00e9valo was succeeded in 1951 by \u00c1rbenz, who instituted land reforms which granted property to landless peasants. The Guatemalan Revolution was disliked by the United States federal government, which was predisposed during the Cold War to see it as communist. This perception grew after \u00c1rbenz had been elected and formally legalized the communist Guatemalan Party of Labour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 698]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0001-0001", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat\nThe United Fruit Company (UFC), whose highly profitable business had been affected by the end to exploitative labor practices in Guatemala, engaged in an influential lobbying campaign to persuade the U.S. to overthrow the Guatemalan government. U.S. President Harry Truman authorized Operation PBFortune to topple \u00c1rbenz in 1952; although the operation was quickly aborted it was a precursor to PBSuccess.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat\nDwight D. Eisenhower was elected U.S. president in 1952, promising to take a harder line against communism; the links that his staff members John Foster Dulles and Allen Dulles had to the UFC also predisposed them to act against the Guatemalan government. Additionally, the U.S. federal government drew exaggerated conclusions about the extent of communist influence among \u00c1rbenz's advisers. Eisenhower authorized the CIA to carry out Operation PBSuccess in August 1953. The CIA armed, funded, and trained a force of 480 men led by Carlos Castillo Armas. The coup was preceded by U.S. efforts to criticize and isolate Guatemala internationally.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 672]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0002-0001", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat\nCastillo Armas' force invaded Guatemala on 18 June 1954, backed by a heavy campaign of psychological warfare. This included a radio station which broadcast anti-government propaganda and a version of military events favorable to the rebellion, claiming to be genuine news, as well as air bombings of Guatemala City and a naval blockade. The invasion force fared poorly militarily, and most of its offensives were defeated. However, psychological warfare and the fear of a U.S. invasion intimidated the Guatemalan army, which eventually refused to fight. \u00c1rbenz briefly and unsuccessfully attempted to arm civilians to resist the invasion, before resigning on 27 June. Castillo Armas became president ten days later, following negotiations in San Salvador.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 783]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat\nDescribed as the definitive deathblow to democracy in Guatemala, the coup was widely criticized internationally, and strengthened the long-lasting anti-U.S. sentiment in Latin America. Attempting to justify the coup, the CIA launched Operation PBHistory, which sought evidence of Soviet influence in Guatemala among documents from the \u00c1rbenz era; the effort was a failure. Castillo Armas quickly assumed dictatorial powers, banning opposition parties, imprisoning and torturing political opponents, and reversing the social reforms of the revolution. Nearly four decades of civil war followed, as leftist guerrillas fought the series of U.S.-backed authoritarian regimes whose brutalities include a genocide of the Maya peoples.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 756]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Historical background, Monroe Doctrine\nU.S. President James Monroe's foreign policy doctrine of 1823 warned the European powers against further colonization in Latin America. The stated aim of the Monroe Doctrine was to maintain order and stability, and to ensure that U.S. access to resources and markets was not limited. Historian Mark Gilderhus states that the doctrine also contained racially condescending language, which likened Latin American countries to squabbling children.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 67], "content_span": [68, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0004-0001", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Historical background, Monroe Doctrine\nWhile the U.S. did not initially have the power to enforce the doctrine, over the course of the 19th century many European powers withdrew from Latin America, allowing the U.S. to expand its sphere of influence throughout the region. In 1895, President Grover Cleveland laid out a more militant version of the doctrine, stating that the U.S. was \"practically sovereign\" on the continent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 67], "content_span": [68, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Historical background, Monroe Doctrine\nFollowing the Spanish\u2013American War in 1898, this aggressive interpretation was used to create a U.S. economic empire across the Caribbean, such as with the 1903 treaty with Cuba that was heavily tilted in the U.S.' favor. U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt believed that the U.S. should be the main beneficiary of production in Central America. The U.S. enforced this hegemony with armed interventions in Nicaragua (1912\u201333), and Haiti (1915\u201334).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 67], "content_span": [68, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0005-0001", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Historical background, Monroe Doctrine\nThe U.S. did not need to use its military might in Guatemala, where a series of dictators were willing to accommodate the economic interests of the U.S. in return for its support for their regimes. Guatemala was among the Central American countries of the period known as a banana republic. From 1890 to 1920, control of Guatemala's resources and its economy shifted away from Britain and Germany to the U.S., which became Guatemala's dominant trade partner. The Monroe Doctrine continued to be seen as relevant to Guatemala, and was used to justify the coup in 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 67], "content_span": [68, 635]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Historical background, Authoritarian governments and the United Fruit Company\nFollowing a surge in global coffee demand in the late 19th century, the Guatemalan government made several concessions to plantation owners. It passed legislation that dispossessed the communal landholdings of the indigenous population and allowed coffee growers to purchase it. Manuel Estrada Cabrera, President of Guatemala from 1898 to 1920, was one of several rulers who made large concessions to foreign companies, including the United Fruit Company (UFC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 106], "content_span": [107, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0006-0001", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Historical background, Authoritarian governments and the United Fruit Company\nFormed in 1899 by the merger of two large U.S. corporations, the new entity owned large tracts of land across Central America, and in Guatemala controlled the railroads, the docks, and the communication systems. By 1900 it had become the largest exporter of bananas in the world, and had a monopoly over the Guatemalan banana trade. Journalist and writer William Blum describes UFC's role in Guatemala as a \"state within a state\". The U.S. government was also closely involved with the Guatemalan state under Cabrera, frequently dictating financial policies and ensuring that American companies were granted several exclusive rights. When Cabrera was overthrown in 1920, the U.S. sent an armed force to make certain that the new president remained friendly to it.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 106], "content_span": [107, 870]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Historical background, Authoritarian governments and the United Fruit Company\nFearing a popular revolt following the unrest created by the Great Depression, wealthy Guatemalan landowners lent their support to Jorge Ubico, who won an uncontested election in 1931. Ubico's regime became one of the most repressive in the region. He abolished debt peonage, replacing it with a vagrancy law which stipulated that all landless men of working age needed to perform a minimum of 100 days of forced labor annually. He authorized landowners to take any actions they wished against their workers, including executions. Ubico was an admirer of European fascist leaders such as Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler, but had to ally with the U.S. for geopolitical reasons, and received substantial support from this country throughout his reign. A staunch anti-communist, Ubico reacted to several peasant rebellions with incarcerations and massacres.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 106], "content_span": [107, 963]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Historical background, Authoritarian governments and the United Fruit Company\nBy 1930 the UFC had built an operating capital of 215\u00a0million U.S. dollars, and had been the largest landowner and employer in Guatemala for several years. Ubico granted it a new contract, which was immensely favorable to the company. This included 200,000 hectares (490,000 acres) of public land, an exemption from all taxes, and a guarantee that no other company would receive any competing contract. Ubico requested the UFC to cap the daily salary of its workers at 50 U.S. cents, so that workers in other companies would be less able to demand higher wages.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 106], "content_span": [107, 668]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0009-0000", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Historical background, Guatemalan Revolution and presidency of Ar\u00e9valo\nThe repressive policies of the Ubico government resulted in a popular uprising led by university students and middle-class citizens in 1944. Ubico fled, handing over power to a three-person junta which continued Ubico's policies until it too was toppled, by the October Revolution that aimed to transform Guatemala into a liberal democracy. The largely free election that followed installed a philosophically conservative university professor, Juan Jos\u00e9 Ar\u00e9valo, as the President of Guatemala. Ar\u00e9valo's administration drafted a more liberal labor code, built health centers, and increased funding to education.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 99], "content_span": [100, 711]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0009-0001", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Historical background, Guatemalan Revolution and presidency of Ar\u00e9valo\nAr\u00e9valo enacted a minimum wage, and created state-run farms to employ landless laborers. He also cracked down on the communist Guatemalan Party of Labour (Partido Guatemalteco del Trabajo, PGT) and in 1945 criminalized all labor unions in workplaces with fewer than 500 workers. By 1947, the remaining unions had grown strong enough to pressure him into drafting a new labor code, which made workplace discrimination illegal and created health and safety standards. However, Ar\u00e9valo refused to advocate land reform of any kind, and stopped short of drastically changing labor relations in the countryside.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 99], "content_span": [100, 705]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0010-0000", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Historical background, Guatemalan Revolution and presidency of Ar\u00e9valo\nDespite Ar\u00e9valo's anti-communism, the U.S. was suspicious of him, and worried that he was under Soviet influence. The communist movement did grow stronger during Ar\u00e9valo's presidency, partly because he released its imprisoned leaders, and also through the strength of its teachers' union. Another cause for U.S. worry was Ar\u00e9valo's support of the Caribbean Legion. The Legion was a group of progressive exiles and revolutionaries, whose members included Fidel Castro, that aimed to overthrow U.S.-backed dictatorships across Central America. The government also faced opposition from within the country; Ar\u00e9valo survived at least 25 coup attempts during his presidency.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 99], "content_span": [100, 769]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0010-0001", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Historical background, Guatemalan Revolution and presidency of Ar\u00e9valo\nA notable example was an attempt in 1949 led by Francisco Arana, which was foiled in an armed shootout between Arana's supporters and a force led by Ar\u00e9valo's defense minister Jacobo \u00c1rbenz. Arana was among those killed, but details of the coup attempt were never made public. Other sources of opposition to Ar\u00e9valo's government were the right-wing politicians and conservatives within the military who had grown powerful during Ubico's dictatorship, as well as the clergy of the Catholic Church.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 99], "content_span": [100, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0011-0000", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Historical background, Presidency of \u00c1rbenz and land reform\nThe largely free elections of 1950 were won by the popular \u00c1rbenz, and represented the first transfer of power between democratically elected leaders in Guatemala. \u00c1rbenz had personal ties to some members of the communist PGT, which was legalized during his government, and a couple of members played a role in drafting the new president's policies. Nonetheless, \u00c1rbenz did not try to turn Guatemala into a communist state, instead choosing a moderate capitalist approach. The PGT too committed itself to working within the existing legal framework to achieve its immediate objectives of emancipating peasants from feudalism and improving workers' rights.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 88], "content_span": [89, 744]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0011-0001", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Historical background, Presidency of \u00c1rbenz and land reform\nThe most prominent component of \u00c1rbenz's policy was his agrarian reform bill. \u00c1rbenz drafted the bill himself, having sought advice from economists across Latin America. The focus of the law was on transferring uncultivated land from large landowners to poor laborers, who would then be able to begin viable farms of their own.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 88], "content_span": [89, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0012-0000", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Historical background, Presidency of \u00c1rbenz and land reform\nThe official title of the agrarian reform bill was Decree 900. It expropriated all uncultivated land from landholdings that were larger than 673 acres (272\u00a0ha). If the estates were between 224 acres (91\u00a0ha) and 672 acres (272\u00a0ha), uncultivated land was to be expropriated only if less than two-thirds of it was in use. The owners were compensated with government bonds, the value of which was equal to that of the land expropriated. The value of the land itself was what the owners had declared it to be in their tax returns in 1952. Of the nearly 350,000 private landholdings, only 1,710 were affected by expropriation. The law was implemented with great speed, which resulted in some arbitrary land seizures. There was also some violence, directed at landowners, as well as at peasants that had minor landholdings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 88], "content_span": [89, 905]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0013-0000", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Historical background, Presidency of \u00c1rbenz and land reform\nBy June 1954, 1,400,000 acres (570,000\u00a0ha) of land had been expropriated and distributed. Approximately 500,000 individuals, or one-sixth of the population, had received land by this point. Contrary to the predictions made by detractors, the law resulted in a slight increase in Guatemalan agricultural productivity, and in an increase in cultivated area. Purchases of farm machinery also increased. Overall, the law resulted in a significant improvement in  living standards for many thousands of peasant families, the majority of whom were indigenous people. Historian Greg Grandin sees the law as representing a fundamental power shift in favor of the hitherto marginalized.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 88], "content_span": [89, 766]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0014-0000", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Genesis and prelude, United Fruit Company lobbying\nBy 1950, the United Fruit Company's annual profits were 65\u00a0million U.S. dollars, twice as large as the revenue of the government of Guatemala. The company was the largest landowner in Guatemala, and virtually owned Puerto Barrios, Guatemala's only port to the Atlantic Ocean, allowing it to make profits from the flow of goods through the port. Because of its long association with Ubico's government, Guatemalan revolutionaries saw the UFC as an impediment to progress after 1944. This image was reinforced by the company's discriminatory policies against the native population.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 79], "content_span": [80, 659]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0014-0001", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Genesis and prelude, United Fruit Company lobbying\nOwing to its size, the reforms of Ar\u00e9valo's government affected the UFC more than other companies. Among other things, the new labor code allowed UFC workers to strike when their demands for higher wages and job security were not met. The company saw itself as being specifically targeted by the reforms, and refused to negotiate with the numerous sets of strikers, despite frequently being in violation of the new laws. The company's troubles were compounded with the passage of Decree 900 in 1952. Of the 550,000 acres (220,000\u00a0ha) that the company owned, only 15 percent was being cultivated; the rest was idle, and thus came under the scope of the agrarian reform law.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 79], "content_span": [80, 752]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0015-0000", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Genesis and prelude, United Fruit Company lobbying\nThe UFC responded by intensively lobbying the U.S. government; several Congressmen criticized the Guatemalan government for not protecting the interests of the company. The Guatemalan government replied that the company was the main obstacle to progress in the country. American historians observed that \"[to] the Guatemalans it appeared that their country was being mercilessly exploited by foreign interests which took huge profits without making any contributions to the nation's welfare\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 79], "content_span": [80, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0015-0001", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Genesis and prelude, United Fruit Company lobbying\nIn 1953, 200,000 acres (81,000\u00a0ha) of uncultivated land was expropriated by the government, which offered the company compensation at the rate of 2.99 U.S. dollars to the acre (7.39 U.S. dollars per hectare), twice what the company had paid when it bought the property. More expropriation occurred soon after, bringing the total to over 400,000 acres (160,000\u00a0ha); the government offered compensation to the company at the rate at which the UFC had valued its own property for tax purposes. Since this was a major undervaluation, the company was unhappy with its compensation, resulting in further lobbying in Washington, particularly through U.S. Secretary of State John Foster Dulles, who had close ties to the company.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 79], "content_span": [80, 801]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0016-0000", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Genesis and prelude, United Fruit Company lobbying\nThe UFC also began a public relations campaign to discredit the Guatemalan government; it hired Edward Bernays, who mounted a concerted misinformation campaign for several years which portrayed the company as the victim of a communist Guatemalan government. The company stepped up its efforts after Dwight Eisenhower was elected U.S. president in 1952. These included commissioning a research study from a firm known to be hostile to social reform, which produced a 235-page report that was highly critical of the Guatemalan government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 79], "content_span": [80, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0016-0001", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Genesis and prelude, United Fruit Company lobbying\nHistorians have stated that the report was full of \"exaggerations, scurrilous descriptions and bizarre historical theories\" but it nonetheless had a significant impact on the members of Congress who read it. Overall, the company spent over half a million dollars to convince lawmakers and the American public that the Guatemalan government needed to be overthrown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 79], "content_span": [80, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0017-0000", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Genesis and prelude, Operation PBFortune\nAs the Cold War developed and the Guatemalan government clashed with U.S. corporations on an increasing number of issues, the U.S. government grew increasingly suspicious of the Guatemalan Revolution. In addition, the Cold War predisposed the Truman administration to see the Guatemalan government as communist. Ar\u00e9valo's support for the Caribbean Legion also worried the Truman administration, which saw it as a vehicle for communism, rather than as the anti-dictatorial force it was conceived as. Until the end of its term, the Truman administration had relied on purely diplomatic and economic means to try to reduce the perceived communist influence. The U.S. had refused to sell arms to the Guatemalan government after 1944; in 1951 it began to block all weapons purchases by Guatemala.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 69], "content_span": [70, 861]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0018-0000", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Genesis and prelude, Operation PBFortune\nThe U.S.'s worries over communist influence increased after the election of \u00c1rbenz in 1951 and his enactment of Decree 900 in 1952. In April 1952 Anastasio Somoza Garc\u00eda, the dictator of Nicaragua, made his first state visit to the U.S. He made several public speeches praising the U.S., and was awarded a medal by the New York City government. During a meeting with Truman and his senior staff, Somoza said that if the U.S. gave him the arms, he would \"clean up Guatemala\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 69], "content_span": [70, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0018-0001", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Genesis and prelude, Operation PBFortune\nThe proposal did not receive much immediate support, but Truman instructed the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to follow up on it. The CIA contacted Carlos Castillo Armas, a Guatemalan army officer who had been exiled from the country in 1949 following a failed coup attempt against President Ar\u00e9valo. Believing that Castillo Armas would lead a coup with or without their assistance, the CIA decided to supply him with weapons and 225,000 U.S. dollars. The CIA considered Castillo Armas sufficiently corrupt and authoritarian to be well suited to lead the coup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 69], "content_span": [70, 633]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0019-0000", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Genesis and prelude, Operation PBFortune\nThe coup was planned in detail over the next few weeks by the CIA, the UFC, and Somoza. The CIA also contacted Marcos P\u00e9rez Jim\u00e9nez of Venezuela and Rafael Trujillo of the Dominican Republic; the two U.S.-backed dictators were supportive of the plan, and agreed to contribute some funding. Although PBFortune was officially approved on 9 September 1952, various planning steps had been taken earlier in the year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 69], "content_span": [70, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0019-0001", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Genesis and prelude, Operation PBFortune\nIn January 1952, officers in the CIA's Directorate of Plans compiled a list of \"top flight Communists whom the new government would desire to eliminate immediately in the event of a successful anti-Communist coup\". The CIA plan called for the assassination of over 58 Guatemalans, as well as the arrest of many others.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 69], "content_span": [70, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0020-0000", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Genesis and prelude, Operation PBFortune\nThe CIA put the plan into motion in late 1952. A freighter that had been borrowed from the UFC was specially refitted in New Orleans and loaded with weapons under the guise of agricultural machinery, and set sail for Nicaragua. However, the plan was terminated soon after: accounts of its termination vary. Some sources state that the State Department discovered the plan when a senior official was asked to sign a certain document, while others suggest that Somoza was indiscreet. The eventual outcome was that Secretary of State Dean Acheson called off the operation. The CIA continued to support Castillo Armas; it paid him a monthly retainer of 3000 U.S. dollars, and gave him the resources to maintain his rebel force.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 69], "content_span": [70, 793]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0021-0000", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Genesis and prelude, Eisenhower administration\nDuring his successful campaign for the U.S. presidency, Dwight Eisenhower pledged to pursue a more proactive anti-communist policy, promising to roll back communism, rather than contain it. Working in an atmosphere of increasing McCarthyism in government circles, Eisenhower was more willing than Truman to use the CIA to depose governments the U.S. disliked. Although PBFortune had been quickly aborted, tension between the U.S. and Guatemala continued to rise, especially with the legalization of the communist PGT, and its inclusion in the government coalition for the elections of January 1953. Articles published in the U.S. press often reflected this predisposition to see communist influence; for example, a New York Times article about the visit to Guatemala by Chilean poet Pablo Neruda highlighted his communist beliefs, but neglected to mention his reputation as the greatest living poet in Latin America.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 75], "content_span": [76, 992]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0022-0000", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Genesis and prelude, Eisenhower administration\nSeveral figures in Eisenhower's administration, including Secretary of State John Foster Dulles and his brother CIA Director Allen Dulles, had close ties to the United Fruit Company. The Dulles brothers had worked for the law firm of Sullivan & Cromwell, and in that capacity had arranged several deals for the UFC. Undersecretary of State Walter Bedell Smith would later become a director of the company, while Eisenhower's personal assistant Ann C. Whitman was the wife of UFC public relations director Edward Whitman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 75], "content_span": [76, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0022-0001", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Genesis and prelude, Eisenhower administration\nThese personal connections meant that the Eisenhower administration tended to conflate the interests of the UFC with that of U.S. national security interests, and made it more willing to overthrow the Guatemalan government. The success of the 1953 CIA operation to overthrow the democratically elected Prime Minister of Iran also strengthened Eisenhower's belief in using the agency to effect political change overseas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 75], "content_span": [76, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0023-0000", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Genesis and prelude, Eisenhower administration\nHistorians and authors writing about the 1954 coup have debated the relative importance of the role of the United Fruit Company and the worries about communist influence (whether or not these were grounded in reality) in the U.S.'s decision to instigate the coup in 1954. Several historians have maintained that the lobbying of the UFC, and the expropriation of its lands, were the chief motivation for the U.S., strengthened by the financial ties of individuals within the Eisenhower administration to the UFC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 75], "content_span": [76, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0023-0001", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Genesis and prelude, Eisenhower administration\nOthers have argued that the overthrow was motivated primarily by U.S. strategic interest; the knowledge of the presence of a small number of communists close to \u00c1rbenz led the U.S. to reach incorrect conclusions about the extent of communist influence. Yet others have argued that the overthrow was part of a larger tendency within the U.S. to oppose nationalist movements in the Third World. Both the role of the UFC and that of the perception of communist influence continue to be cited as motivations for the U.S.'s actions today.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 75], "content_span": [76, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0024-0000", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Operation PBSuccess, Planning\nThe CIA operation to overthrow Jacobo \u00c1rbenz, code-named Operation PBSuccess, was authorized by Eisenhower in August 1953. The operation was granted a budget of 2.7\u00a0million U.S. dollars for \"psychological warfare and political action\". The total budget has been estimated at between 5 and 7\u00a0million dollars, and the planning employed over 100 CIA agents. In addition, the operation recruited scores of individuals from among Guatemalan exiles and the populations of the surrounding countries. The plans included drawing up lists of people within \u00c1rbenz's government to be assassinated if the coup were to be carried out. Manuals of assassination techniques were compiled, and lists were also made of people whom the junta would dispose of. These were the CIA's first known assassination manuals, and were reused in subsequent CIA actions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 58], "content_span": [59, 897]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0025-0000", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Operation PBSuccess, Planning\nThe State Department created a team of diplomats who would support PBSuccess. It was led by John Peurifoy, who took over as Ambassador to Guatemala in October 1953. Another member of the team was William D. Pawley, a wealthy businessman and diplomat with extensive knowledge of the aviation industry. Peurifoy was a militant anti-communist, and had proven his willingness to work with the CIA during his time as United States Ambassador to Greece. Under Peurifoy's tenure, relations with the Guatemalan government soured further, although those with the Guatemalan military improved.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 58], "content_span": [59, 642]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0025-0001", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Operation PBSuccess, Planning\nIn a report to John Dulles, Peurifoy stated that he was \"definitely convinced that if [\u00c1rbenz] is not a communist, then he will certainly do until one comes along\". Within the CIA, the operation was headed by Deputy Director of Plans Frank Wisner. The field commander selected by Wisner was former U.S. Army Colonel Albert Haney, then chief of the CIA station in South Korea. Haney reported directly to Wisner, thereby separating PBSuccess from the CIA's Latin American division, a decision which created some tension within the agency. Haney decided to establish headquarters in a concealed office complex in Opa-locka, Florida. Codenamed \"Lincoln\", it became the nerve center of operation PBSuccess.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 58], "content_span": [59, 760]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0026-0000", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Operation PBSuccess, Planning\nThe CIA operation was complicated by a premature coup on 29 March 1953, with a futile raid against the army garrison at Salam\u00e1, in the central Guatemalan department of Baja Verapaz. The rebellion was swiftly crushed, and a number of participants were arrested. Several CIA agents and allies were imprisoned, weakening the coup effort. Thus the CIA came to rely more heavily on the Guatemalan exile groups and their anti-democratic allies in Guatemala. The CIA considered several candidates to lead the coup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 58], "content_span": [59, 566]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0026-0001", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Operation PBSuccess, Planning\nMiguel Yd\u00edgoras Fuentes, the conservative candidate who had lost the 1950 election to \u00c1rbenz, held favor with the Guatemalan opposition but was rejected for his role in the Ubico regime, as well as his European appearance, which was unlikely to appeal to the majority mixed-race mestizo population. Another popular candidate was the coffee planter Juan C\u00f3rdova Cerna, who had briefly served in Ar\u00e9valo's cabinet before becoming the legal adviser to the UFC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 58], "content_span": [59, 516]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0026-0002", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Operation PBSuccess, Planning\nThe death of his son in an anti-government uprising in 1950 turned him against the government, and he had planned the unsuccessful Salam\u00e1 coup in 1953 before fleeing to join Castillo Armas in exile. Although his status as a civilian gave him an advantage over Castillo Armas, he was diagnosed with throat cancer in 1954, taking him out of the reckoning. Thus it was Castillo Armas, in exile since the failed 1949 coup and on the CIA's payroll since the aborted PBFortune in 1951, who was to lead the coming coup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 58], "content_span": [59, 571]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0027-0000", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Operation PBSuccess, Planning\nCastillo Armas was given enough money to recruit a small force of mercenaries from among Guatemalan exiles and the populations of nearby countries. This band was called the Army of Liberation. The CIA established training camps in Nicaragua and Honduras and supplied them with weapons as well as several bombers. The U.S. signed military agreements with both those countries prior to the invasion of Guatemala, allowing it to move heavier arms freely. The CIA trained at least 1,725 foreign guerillas plus thousands of additional militants as reserves.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 58], "content_span": [59, 611]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0027-0001", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Operation PBSuccess, Planning\nThese preparations were only superficially covert: the CIA intended \u00c1rbenz to find out about them, as a part of its plan to convince the Guatemalan people that the overthrow of \u00c1rbenz was a fait accompli. Additionally, the CIA made covert contact with a number of church leaders throughout the Guatemalan countryside, and persuaded them to incorporate anti-government messages into their sermons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 58], "content_span": [59, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0028-0000", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Operation PBSuccess, Caracas conference and U.S. propaganda\nWhile preparations for Operation PBSuccess were underway, Washington issued a series of statements denouncing the Guatemalan government, alleging that it had been infiltrated by communists. The State Department also asked the Organization of American States to modify the agenda of the Inter-American Conference, which was scheduled to be held in Caracas in March 1954, requesting the addition of an item titled \"Intervention of International Communism in the American Republics\", which was widely seen as a move targeting Guatemala.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 88], "content_span": [89, 622]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0028-0001", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Operation PBSuccess, Caracas conference and U.S. propaganda\nOn 29 and 30 January 1954, the Guatemalan government published documents containing information leaked to it by a member of Castillo Armas' team who had turned against him. Lacking in original documents, the government had engaged in poor forgery to enhance the information it possessed, undermining the credibility of its charges. A spate of arrests followed of allies of Castillo Armas within Guatemala, and the government issued statements implicating a \"Government of the North\" in a plot to overthrow \u00c1rbenz.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 88], "content_span": [89, 602]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0028-0002", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Operation PBSuccess, Caracas conference and U.S. propaganda\nWashington denied these allegations, and the U.S. media uniformly took the side of their government; even publications which had until then provided relatively balanced coverage of Guatemala, such as The Christian Science Monitor, suggested that \u00c1rbenz had succumbed to communist propaganda. Several Congressmen also pointed to the allegations from the Guatemalan government as proof that it had become communist.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 88], "content_span": [89, 502]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0029-0000", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Operation PBSuccess, Caracas conference and U.S. propaganda\nAt the conference in Caracas, the various Latin American governments sought economic aid from the U.S., as well as its continuing non-intervention in their internal affairs. The U.S. government's aim was to pass a resolution condemning the supposed spread of communism in the Western Hemisphere. The Guatemalan foreign minister Guillermo Toriello argued strongly against the resolution, stating that it represented the \"internationalization of McCarthyism\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 88], "content_span": [89, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0029-0001", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Operation PBSuccess, Caracas conference and U.S. propaganda\nDespite support among the delegates for Toriello's views, the anti-communist resolution passed with only Guatemala voting against, because of the votes of dictatorships dependent on the U.S. and the threat of economic pressure applied by John Dulles. Although support among the delegates for Dulles' strident anti-communism was less strong than he and Eisenhower had hoped for, the conference marked a victory for the U.S., which was able to make concrete Latin American views on communism.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 88], "content_span": [89, 579]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0030-0000", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Operation PBSuccess, Caracas conference and U.S. propaganda\nThe U.S. had stopped selling arms to Guatemala in 1951 while signing bilateral defense agreements and increasing arms shipments to neighboring Honduras and Nicaragua. The U.S. promised the Guatemalan military that it too could obtain arms\u2014if \u00c1rbenz were deposed. In 1953, the State Department aggravated the U.S. arms embargo by thwarting the \u00c1rbenz government's arms purchases from Canada, Germany, and Rhodesia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 88], "content_span": [89, 502]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0030-0001", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Operation PBSuccess, Caracas conference and U.S. propaganda\nBy 1954 \u00c1rbenz had become desperate for weapons, and decided to acquire them secretly from Czechoslovakia, which would have been the first time that a Soviet bloc country shipped weapons to the Americas, an action seen as establishing a communist beachhead in the Americas. The weapons were delivered to Guatemala at the Atlantic port of Puerto Barrios by the Swedish freight ship MS\u00a0Alfhem, which sailed from Szczecin in Poland. The U.S. failed to intercept the shipment despite imposing an illegal naval quarantine on Guatemala.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 88], "content_span": [89, 619]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0030-0002", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Operation PBSuccess, Caracas conference and U.S. propaganda\nHowever \"Guatemalan army officers\" quoted in The New York Times said that \"some of the arms\u00a0... were duds, worn out, or entirely wrong for use there\". The CIA portrayed the shipment of these weapons as Soviet interference in the United States' backyard; it was the final spur for the CIA to launch its coup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 88], "content_span": [89, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0031-0000", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Operation PBSuccess, Caracas conference and U.S. propaganda\nU.S. rhetoric abroad also had an effect on the Guatemalan military. The military had always been anti-communist, and Ambassador Peurifoy had applied pressure on senior officers since his arrival in Guatemala in October 1953. \u00c1rbenz had intended the secret shipment of weapons from the Alfhem to be used to bolster peasant militias, in the event of army disloyalty, but the U.S. informed army chiefs of the shipment, forcing \u00c1rbenz to hand them over to the military, and deepening the rift between him and his top generals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 88], "content_span": [89, 611]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0032-0000", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Operation PBSuccess, Psychological warfare\nCastillo Armas' army of 480 men was not large enough to defeat the Guatemalan military, even with U.S.-supplied aircraft. Therefore, the plans for Operation PBSuccess called for a campaign of psychological warfare, which would present Castillo Armas' victory as a fait accompli to the Guatemalan people, and would force \u00c1rbenz to resign. The propaganda campaign had begun well before the invasion, with the U.S. Information Agency (USIA) writing hundreds of articles on Guatemala based on CIA reports, and distributing tens of thousands of leaflets throughout Latin America.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 71], "content_span": [72, 646]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0032-0001", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Operation PBSuccess, Psychological warfare\nThe CIA persuaded friendly governments to screen video footage of Guatemala that supported the U.S. version of events. As part of the psychological warfare, the U.S. Psychological Strategy Board authorized a \"Nerve War Against Individuals\" to instill fear and paranoia in potential loyalists and other potential opponents of the coup. This campaign included death threats against political leaders deemed loyal or deemed to be communist, and the sending of small wooden coffins, non-functioning bombs, and hangman's nooses to such people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 71], "content_span": [72, 610]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0033-0000", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Operation PBSuccess, Psychological warfare\nAlfhem's success in evading the quarantine led to Washington escalating its intimidation of Guatemala through its navy. On 24 May, the U.S. launched Operation Hardrock Baker, a naval blockade of Guatemala. Ships and submarines patrolled the Guatemalan coasts, and all approaching ships were stopped and searched; these included ships from Britain and France, violating international law. However Britain and France did not protest very strongly, hoping that in return the U.S. would not interfere with their efforts to subdue rebellious colonies in the Middle East. The intimidation was not solely naval; on 26 May one of Castillo Armas' planes flew over the capital, dropping leaflets that exhorted people to struggle against communism and support Castillo Armas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 71], "content_span": [72, 836]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0034-0000", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Operation PBSuccess, Psychological warfare\nThe most wide-reaching psychological weapon was the radio station Voice of Liberation. It began broadcasting on 1 May 1954, carrying anti-communist propaganda, telling its listeners to resist the \u00c1rbenz government and support the liberating forces of Castillo Armas. The station claimed to be broadcasting from deep within the jungles of the Guatemalan hinterland, a message which many listeners believed. In actuality, the broadcasts were concocted in Miami by Guatemalan exiles, flown to Central America, and broadcast through a mobile transmitter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 71], "content_span": [72, 622]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0034-0001", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Operation PBSuccess, Psychological warfare\nThe Voice of Liberation made an initial broadcast that was repeated four times, after which it took to transmitting two-hour bulletins twice a day. The transmissions were initially only heard intermittently in Guatemala City; a week later, the CIA significantly increased their transmitting power, allowing clear reception in the Guatemalan capital. The radio broadcasts have been given a lot of credit by historians for the success of the coup, owing to the unrest they created throughout the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 71], "content_span": [72, 574]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0034-0002", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Operation PBSuccess, Psychological warfare\nThey were unexpectedly assisted by the outage of the government-run radio station, which stopped transmitting for three weeks while a new antenna was being fitted. These transmissions continued throughout the conflict, broadcasting exaggerated news of rebel troops converging on the capital, and contributing to massive demoralization among both the army and the civilian population.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 71], "content_span": [72, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0035-0000", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Operation PBSuccess, Castillo Armas' invasion\nCastillo Armas' force of 480 men had been split into four teams, ranging in size from 60 to 198. On 15 June 1954 these four forces left their bases in Honduras and El Salvador, and assembled in various towns just outside the Guatemalan border. The largest force was supposed to attack the Atlantic harbor town of Puerto Barrios, while the others attacked the smaller towns of Esquipulas, Jutiapa, and Zacapa, the Guatemalan army's largest frontier post. The invasion plan quickly faced difficulties; the 60-man force was intercepted and jailed by Salvadoran policemen before it got to the border.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 74], "content_span": [75, 671]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0035-0001", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Operation PBSuccess, Castillo Armas' invasion\nAt 8:20\u00a0am on 18 June 1954, Castillo Armas led his invading troops over the border. Ten trained saboteurs preceded the invasion, with the aim of blowing up railways and cutting telegraph lines. At about the same time, Castillo Armas' planes flew over a pro-government rally in the capital. The U.S. Psychological Strategy Board ordered the bombing of the Matamoros Fortress in downtown Guatemala City, and a U.S. F-47 warplane flown by a mercenary pilot bombed the city of Chiquimula. Castillo Armas demanded \u00c1rbenz's immediate surrender. The invasion provoked a brief panic in the capital, which quickly decreased as the rebels failed to make any striking moves. Bogged down by supplies and a lack of transportation, Castillo Armas' forces took several days to reach their targets, although their planes blew up a bridge on 19 June.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 74], "content_span": [75, 908]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0036-0000", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Operation PBSuccess, Castillo Armas' invasion\nWhen the rebels did reach their targets, they met with further setbacks. The force of 122 men targeting Zacapa were intercepted and decisively beaten by a garrison of 30 Guatemalan soldiers, with only 30 men escaping death or capture. The force that attacked Puerto Barrios was dispatched by policemen and armed dockworkers, with many of the rebels fleeing back to Honduras. In an effort to regain momentum, the rebel planes tried air attacks on the capital.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 74], "content_span": [75, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0036-0001", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Operation PBSuccess, Castillo Armas' invasion\nThese attacks caused little material damage, but they had a significant psychological impact, leading many citizens to believe that the invasion force was more powerful than it actually was. The rebel bombers needed to fly out of the Nicaraguan capital of Managua; as a result, they had a limited payload. A large number of them substituted dynamite or Molotov cocktails for bombs, in an effort to create loud bangs with a lower payload. The planes targeted ammunition depots, parade grounds, and other visible targets.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 74], "content_span": [75, 594]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0037-0000", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Operation PBSuccess, Castillo Armas' invasion\nEarly in the morning on 27 June 1954, a CIA Lockheed P-38M Lightning attacked Puerto San Jos\u00e9 and dropped napalm bombs on the British cargo ship, SS\u00a0Springfjord, which was on charter to the U.S. company W.R. Grace and Company Line, and was being loaded with Guatemalan cotton and coffee. This incident cost the CIA one million U.S. dollars in compensation. On 22 June, another plane bombed the Honduran town of San Pedro de Cop\u00e1n; John Dulles claimed the attack had been conducted by the Guatemalan air force, thus avoiding diplomatic consequences.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 74], "content_span": [75, 623]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0037-0001", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Operation PBSuccess, Castillo Armas' invasion\nThe handful of bombers that the rebel forces had begun with were shot down by the Guatemalan army within a few days, causing Castillo Armas to demand more from the CIA. Eisenhower quickly agreed to provide these additional planes, bolstering the rebel force. William Pawley had a crucial role to play in the delivery of these aircraft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 74], "content_span": [75, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0038-0000", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Operation PBSuccess, Guatemalan response\nThe \u00c1rbenz government originally meant to repel the invasion by arming the military-age populace, workers' militias, and the Guatemalan Army. Resistance from the armed forces, as well as public knowledge of the secret arms purchase, compelled the President to supply arms only to the Army. From the beginning of the invasion, \u00c1rbenz was confident that Castillo Armas could be defeated militarily and expressed this confidence in public. But he was worried that a defeat for Castillo Armas would provoke a direct invasion by the U.S. military.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 69], "content_span": [70, 612]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0038-0001", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Operation PBSuccess, Guatemalan response\nThis also contributed to his decision not to arm civilians initially; lacking a military reason to do so, this could have cost him the support of the army. Carlos Enrique D\u00edaz, the chief of the Guatemalan armed forces, told \u00c1rbenz that arming civilians would be unpopular with his soldiers, and that \"the army [would] do its duty\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 69], "content_span": [70, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0039-0000", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Operation PBSuccess, Guatemalan response\n\u00c1rbenz instead told D\u00edaz to select officers to lead a counter-attack. D\u00edaz chose a corps of officers who were all regarded to be men of personal integrity, and who were loyal to \u00c1rbenz. On the night of 19 June, most of the Guatemalan troops in the capital region left for Zacapa, joined by smaller detachments from other garrisons. \u00c1rbenz stated that \"the invasion was a farce\", but worried that if it was defeated on the Honduran border, Honduras would use it as an excuse to declare war on Guatemala, which would lead to a U.S. invasion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 69], "content_span": [70, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0039-0001", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Operation PBSuccess, Guatemalan response\nBecause of the rumours spread by the Voice of Liberation, there were worries throughout the countryside that a fifth column attack was imminent; large numbers of peasants went to the government and asked for weapons to defend their country. They were repeatedly told that the army was \"successfully defending our country\". Nonetheless, peasant volunteers assisted the government war effort, manning roadblocks and donating supplies to the army. Weapons shipments dropped by rebel planes were intercepted and turned over to the government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 69], "content_span": [70, 608]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0040-0000", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Operation PBSuccess, Guatemalan response\nThe \u00c1rbenz government also pursued diplomatic means to try to end the invasion. It sought support from El Salvador and Mexico; Mexico declined to get involved, and the Salvadoran government merely reported the Guatemalan effort to Peurifoy. \u00c1rbenz's largest diplomatic initiative was in taking the issue to the United Nations Security Council. On 18 June the Guatemalan foreign minister petitioned the council to \"take measures necessary\u00a0... to put a stop to the aggression\", which he said Nicaragua and Honduras were responsible for, along with \"certain foreign monopolies which have been affected by the progressive policy of my government\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 69], "content_span": [70, 713]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0040-0001", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Operation PBSuccess, Guatemalan response\nThe Security Council looked at Guatemala's complaint at an emergency session on 20 June. The debate was lengthy and heated, with Nicaragua and Honduras denying any wrongdoing, and the U.S. stating that Eisenhower's role as a general in World War II demonstrated that he was against imperialism. The Soviet Union was the only country to support Guatemala. When the U.S. and its allies proposed referring the matter to the Organization of American States, the Soviet Union vetoed the proposal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 69], "content_span": [70, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0040-0002", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Operation PBSuccess, Guatemalan response\nGuatemala continued to press for a Security Council investigation; the proposal received the support of Britain and France, but on 24 June it was vetoed by the U.S., the first time it did so against its allies. The U.S. accompanied this with threats to the foreign offices of both countries that the U.S. would stop supporting their other initiatives. UN Secretary General Dag Hammarskj\u00f6ld called the U.S. position \"the most serious blow so far aimed at the [United Nations]\". A fact-finding mission was set up by the Inter-American Peace Committee; Washington used its influence to delay the entry of the committee until the coup was complete and a military dictatorship installed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 69], "content_span": [70, 752]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0041-0000", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Operation PBSuccess, \u00c1rbenz's resignation\n\u00c1rbenz was initially confident that his army would quickly dispatch the rebel force. The victory of a small garrison of 30 soldiers over the 180 strong rebel force outside Zacapa strengthened his belief. By 21 June, Guatemalan soldiers had gathered at Zacapa under the command of Colonel V\u00edctor M. Le\u00f3n, who was believed to be loyal to \u00c1rbenz. Le\u00f3n told \u00c1rbenz that the counter-attack would be delayed for logistical reasons, but assured him not to worry, as Castillo Armas would be defeated very soon. Other members of the government were not so certain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 626]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0041-0001", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Operation PBSuccess, \u00c1rbenz's resignation\nArmy Chief of Staff Parinello inspected the troops at Zacapa on 23 June, and returned to the capital believing that the army would not fight. Afraid of a U.S. intervention in Castillo Armas' favor, he did not tell \u00c1rbenz of his suspicions. PGT leaders also began to have their suspicions; acting secretary general Alvarado Monz\u00f3n sent a member of the central committee to Zacapa to investigate. He returned on 25 June, reporting that the army was highly demoralized, and would not fight. Monz\u00f3n reported this to \u00c1rbenz, who quickly sent another investigator.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 629]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0041-0002", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Operation PBSuccess, \u00c1rbenz's resignation\nHe too returned the same report, carrying an additional message for \u00c1rbenz from the officers at Zacapa\u2014asking the President to resign. The officers believed that given U.S. support for the rebels, defeat was inevitable, and \u00c1rbenz was to blame for it. He stated that if \u00c1rbenz did not resign, the army was likely to strike a deal with Castillo Armas, and march on the capital with him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0042-0000", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Operation PBSuccess, \u00c1rbenz's resignation\nDuring this period, Castillo Armas had begun to intensify his aerial attacks, with the extra planes that Eisenhower had approved. They had limited material success; many of their bombs were surplus material from World War II, and failed to explode. Nonetheless, they had a significant psychological impact. On 25 June, the same day that he received the army's ultimatum, \u00c1rbenz learned that Castillo Armas had scored what later proved to be his only military victory, defeating the Guatemalan garrison at Chiquimula.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0042-0001", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Operation PBSuccess, \u00c1rbenz's resignation\nHistorian Piero Gleijeses has stated that if it were not for U.S. support for the rebellion, the officer corps of the Guatemalan army would have remained loyal to \u00c1rbenz because, although they were not uniformly his supporters, they were more wary of Castillo Armas, and also had strong nationalist views. As it was, they believed that the U.S. would intervene militarily, leading to a battle they could not win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0043-0000", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Operation PBSuccess, \u00c1rbenz's resignation\nOn the night of 25 June, \u00c1rbenz called a meeting of the senior leaders of the government, the political parties, and the labor unions. Colonel D\u00edaz was also present. The President told them that the army at Zacapa had abandoned the government, and that the civilian population needed to be armed in order to defend the country. D\u00edaz raised no objections, and the unions pledged several thousand troops between them. When the troops were mustered the next day, only a few hundred showed up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0043-0001", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Operation PBSuccess, \u00c1rbenz's resignation\nThe civilian population of the capital had fought alongside the Guatemalan Revolution twice before\u2014during the popular uprising of 1944, and again during the attempted coup of 1949\u2014but on this occasion the army, intimidated by the United States, refused to fight. The union members were reluctant to fight both the invasion and their own military. Seeing this, D\u00edaz reneged on his support of the President, and began plotting to overthrow \u00c1rbenz with the assistance of other senior army officers. They informed Peurifoy of this plan, asking him to stop the hostilities in return for \u00c1rbenz's resignation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 674]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0043-0002", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Operation PBSuccess, \u00c1rbenz's resignation\nPeurifoy promised to arrange a truce, and the plotters went to \u00c1rbenz and informed him of their decision. \u00c1rbenz, utterly exhausted and seeking to preserve at least a measure of the democratic reforms that he had brought, agreed without demur. After informing his cabinet of his decision, he left the presidential palace at 8\u00a0pm on 27 June 1954, having taped a resignation speech that was broadcast an hour later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0043-0003", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Operation PBSuccess, \u00c1rbenz's resignation\nIn it, he stated that he was resigning in order to eliminate the \"pretext for the invasion\", and that he wished to preserve the gains of the October Revolution of 1944. He walked to the nearby Mexican Embassy, seeking political asylum. Two months later he was granted safe passage out of the country, and flew to exile in Mexico.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0044-0000", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Operation PBSuccess, \u00c1rbenz's resignation\nSome 120 \u00c1rbenz loyalists or communists were also allowed to leave, and the CIA stated that none of the assassination plans contemplated by the CIA were actually implemented. On June 30, 1954 the CIA began a comprehensive destruction process of documents related to Operation PBSuccess. When an oversight committee of the United States Senate in 1975 investigated the history of the CIA's assassinations program and requested information about the CIA's assassination program as part of Operation PBSuccess, the CIA stated it had lost all such records.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 623]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0044-0001", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Operation PBSuccess, \u00c1rbenz's resignation\nJournalist Annie Jacobsen states that the CIA claim of no assassinations having taken place is doubtful. In May 1997, the CIA stated it had rediscovered some of its documents that it had said were lost. The names of assassination targets had all been redacted, which made it impossible to verify whether any of the people on the CIA assassination list were actually killed as part of the operation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0045-0000", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Operation PBSuccess, Military governments\nImmediately after the President announced his resignation, D\u00edaz announced on the radio that he was taking over the presidency, and that the army would continue to fight against the invasion of Castillo Armas. He headed a military junta which also consisted of Colonels Elfego Hern\u00e1n Monz\u00f3n Aguirre and Jose Angel S\u00e1nchez. Two days later Ambassador Peurifoy told D\u00edaz that he had to resign because, in the words of a CIA officer who spoke to D\u00edaz, he was \"not convenient for American foreign policy\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 570]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0045-0001", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Operation PBSuccess, Military governments\nPeurifoy castigated D\u00edaz for allowing \u00c1rbenz to criticize the United States in his resignation speech; meanwhile, a U.S.-trained pilot dropped a bomb on the army's main powder magazine, in order to intimidate the colonel. Soon after, D\u00edaz was overthrown by a rapid bloodless coup led by Colonel Monz\u00f3n, who was more pliable to U.S. interests. D\u00edaz later stated that Peurifoy had presented him with a list of names of communists, and demanded that all of them be shot by the next day; D\u00edaz had refused, turning Peurifoy further against him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 610]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0045-0002", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Operation PBSuccess, Military governments\nOn 17 June, the army leaders at Zacapa had begun to negotiate with Castillo Armas. They signed a pact, the Pacto de Las Tunas, three days later, which placed the army at Zacapa under Castillo Armas, in return for a general amnesty. The army returned to its barracks a few days later, \"despondent, with a terrible sense of defeat\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0046-0000", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Operation PBSuccess, Military governments\nAlthough Monz\u00f3n was staunchly anti-communist and repeatedly spoke of his loyalty to the U.S., he was unwilling to hand over power to Castillo Armas. The fall of D\u00edaz had led Peurifoy to believe that the CIA should make way and let the State Department play the lead role in negotiating with the new government of Guatemala. The State Department asked \u00d3scar Osorio, the dictator of El Salvador, to invite all players for talks in San Salvador. Osorio agreed, and Monz\u00f3n and Castillo Armas arrived in the Salvadoran capital on 30 June.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 604]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0046-0001", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Operation PBSuccess, Military governments\nPeurifoy initially remained in Guatemala City, to avoid the appearance of a heavy U.S. role, but he was forced to travel to San Salvador when the negotiations came close to breaking down on the first day. In the words of John Dulles, Peurifoy's role was to \"crack some heads together\". Neither Monz\u00f3n nor Castillo Armas could have remained in power without U.S. support, and thus Peurifoy was able to force an agreement, which was announced at 4:45\u00a0am on 2 July.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0046-0002", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Operation PBSuccess, Military governments\nUnder the agreement, Castillo Armas and his subordinate Major Enrique Trinidad Oliva joined the three-person junta headed by Monz\u00f3n, who remained president. On 7 July Colonels Dubois and Cruz Salazar, Monz\u00f3n's supporters on the junta, resigned, according to the secret agreement they had made without Monz\u00f3n's knowledge. Outnumbered, Monz\u00f3n also resigned, allowing Castillo Armas to be unanimously elected president of the junta. The two colonels were paid 100,000 U.S. dollars apiece for their cooperation. The U.S. promptly recognized the new government on 13 July.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 638]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0046-0003", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Operation PBSuccess, Military governments\nSoon after taking office as president, Castillo Armas faced a coup from young army cadets, who were unhappy with the army's surrender to him. The coup was crushed, leaving 29 dead and 91 wounded. Elections were held in early October, from which all political parties were barred. Castillo Armas was the only candidate; he won the election with 99% of the vote, completing his transition into power.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0047-0000", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Operation PBSuccess, Reactions\nThe Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat was reviled internationally. Le Monde of Paris and The Times of London attacked the United States' coup as a \"modern form of economic colonialism\". In Latin America, public and official opinion was sharply critical of the U.S., and for many Guatemala became a symbol of armed resistance to U.S. hegemony. Former British Prime Minister Clement Attlee called it \"a plain act of aggression\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 59], "content_span": [60, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0047-0001", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Operation PBSuccess, Reactions\nWhen Allen Dulles described the coup as a victory of \"democracy\" over communism and claimed that the situation in Guatemala was \"being cured by the Guatemalans themselves\", a British official remarked that \"in places, it might almost be Molotov speaking about\u00a0... Czechoslovakia or Hitler speaking about Austria\". UN Secretary General Hammarskj\u00f6ld said that the paramilitary invasion with which the U.S. deposed Guatemala's elected government was a geopolitical action that violated the human rights stipulations of the United Nations Charter. Even the usually pro-U.S. newspapers of West Germany condemned the coup. Kate Doyle, the Director of the Mexico Project of the National Security Archives, described the coup as the definitive deathblow to democracy in Guatemala.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 59], "content_span": [60, 832]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0048-0000", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Operation PBSuccess, Reactions\nThe coup had broad support among U.S. politicians. Historian Piero Gleijeses writes that the foreign policy of both Republican and Democratic parties expressed an intransigent assertion of U.S. hegemony over Central America, making them predisposed to seeing communist threats where none existed. Thus Eisenhower's continuation of the Monroe Doctrine had continued bipartisan support. The coup met with strong negative reactions in Latin America; a wave of anti-United States protests followed the overthrow of \u00c1rbenz.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 59], "content_span": [60, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0048-0001", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Operation PBSuccess, Reactions\nThese sentiments persisted for several decades afterwards; historians have pointed to the coup as a reason for the hostile reception given to U.S. Vice President Richard Nixon when he visited Latin America four years later. A State Department study found that negative public reactions to the coup had occurred in eleven Latin American countries, including a few that were otherwise pro-American. Historian John Lewis Gaddis states that knowledge of the CIA's role in coups in Iran and Guatemala gave the agency \"an almost mythic reputation throughout Latin America and the Middle East as an instrument with which the United States could depose governments it disliked, whenever it wished to do so\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 59], "content_span": [60, 759]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0049-0000", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Aftermath, Operation PBHistory\nOperation PBHistory was an effort by the CIA to analyze documents from the \u00c1rbenz government to justify the 1954 coup after the fact, in particular by finding evidence that Guatemalan communists had been under the influence of the Soviet Union. Because of the quick overthrow of the \u00c1rbenz government, the CIA believed that the administration would not have been able to destroy any incriminating documents, and that these could be analyzed to demonstrate \u00c1rbenz's supposed Soviet ties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 59], "content_span": [60, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0049-0001", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Aftermath, Operation PBHistory\nThe CIA also believed this would help it better understand the workings of Latin American communist parties, on which subject the CIA had very little real information. A final motivation was that international responses to the coup had been very negative, even among allies of the U.S., and the CIA wished to counteract this anti-U.S. sentiment. The operation began on 4 July 1954 with the arrival of four CIA agents in Guatemala City, led by a specialist in the structure of communist parties. Their targets included \u00c1rbenz's personal belongings, police documents, and the headquarters of the Guatemalan Party of Labour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 59], "content_span": [60, 681]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0050-0000", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Aftermath, Operation PBHistory\nAlthough the initial search failed to find any links to the Soviet Union, the CIA decided to extend the operation, and on 4 August a much larger team was deployed, with members from many government departments, including the State Department and the USIA. The task force was given the cover name Social Research Group. To avoid confrontation with Guatemalan nationalists, the CIA opted to leave the documents in Guatemalan possession, instead funding the creation of a Guatemalan intelligence agency that would try to dismantle the communist organizations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 59], "content_span": [60, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0050-0001", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Aftermath, Operation PBHistory\nThus the National Committee of Defense Against Communism (Comit\u00e9 de Defensa Nacional Contra el Comunismo) was created on 20 July, and granted a great deal of power over military and police functions. The personnel of the new agency were also put to work analyzing the same documents. The document-processing phase of the operation was terminated on 28 September 1954, having examined 500,000 documents. There was tension between the different U.S. government agencies about using the information; the CIA wished to use it to subvert communists, the USIA for propaganda. The CIA's leadership of the operation allowed it to retain control over any documents deemed necessary for clandestine operations. A consequence of PBHistory was the opening of a CIA file on Argentine communist Ernesto Che Guevara.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 59], "content_span": [60, 861]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0051-0000", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Aftermath, Operation PBHistory\nIn the subsequent decade, the documents gathered were used by the authors of several books, most frequently with covert CIA assistance, which described the Guatemalan Revolution and the 1954 coup in terms favorable to the CIA. Despite the efforts of the CIA, both international and academic reaction to U.S. policy remained highly negative. Even books partially funded by the CIA were somewhat critical of its role. PBHistory failed in its chief objective of finding convincing evidence that the PGT had been instruments of the Soviet Union, or even that it had any connection to Moscow whatsoever.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 59], "content_span": [60, 658]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0051-0001", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Aftermath, Operation PBHistory\nThe Soviet description of the coup, that the U.S. had crushed a democratic revolution to protect the United Fruit Company's control over the Guatemalan economy, became much more widely accepted. Historian Mark Hove stated that \"Operation PBHistory proved ineffective because of 'a new, smoldering resentment' that had emerged in Latin America over US intervention in Guatemala.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 59], "content_span": [60, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0052-0000", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Aftermath, Political legacy\nThe 1954 coup had significant political fallout both inside and outside Guatemala. The relatively easy overthrow of \u00c1rbenz, coming soon after the similar overthrow of the democratically elected Iranian Prime Minister in 1953, made the CIA overconfident in its abilities, which led to the failed Bay of Pigs Invasion to overthrow the Cuban government in 1961. Throughout the years of the Guatemalan Revolution, both United States policy makers and the U.S. media had tended to believe the theory of a communist threat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 56], "content_span": [57, 574]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0052-0001", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Aftermath, Political legacy\nWhen \u00c1rbenz had announced that he had evidence of U.S. complicity in the Salam\u00e1 incident, it had been dismissed, and virtually the entire U.S. press portrayed Castillo Armas' invasion as a dramatic victory against communism. The press in Latin America were less restrained in their criticism of the U.S., and the coup resulted in lasting anti-United States sentiment in the region.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 56], "content_span": [57, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0053-0000", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Aftermath, Political legacy\nAmong the civilians living in Guatemala City during the coup was a 25-year-old Che Guevara. After a couple of abortive attempts to fight on the side of the government, Guevara took shelter at the embassy of Argentina, before eventually being granted safe passage to Mexico, where he would join the Cuban Revolution. His experience of the Guatemalan coup was a large factor in convincing him \"of the necessity for armed struggle\u00a0... against imperialism\", and would inform his successful military strategy during the Cuban Revolution. \u00c1rbenz's experience during the Guatemalan coup also helped Fidel Castro's Cuban regime in thwarting the CIA invasion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 56], "content_span": [57, 707]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0054-0000", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Aftermath, Political legacy\nWithin Guatemala, Castillo Armas worried that he lacked popular support, and thus tried to eliminate all opposition. He promptly arrested several thousand opposition leaders, branding them communists, repealed the constitution of 1945, and granted himself virtually unbridled power. Concentration camps were built to hold the prisoners when the jails overflowed. Acting on the advice of Allen Dulles, Castillo Armas detained a number of citizens trying to flee the country. He also created the National Committee of Defense Against Communism, with sweeping powers of arrest, detention, and deportation. Over the next few years, the committee investigated nearly 70,000 people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 56], "content_span": [57, 733]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0054-0001", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Aftermath, Political legacy\nAn insurgency in opposition to the junta soon developed. The government responded with a campaign of harsh suppression. Thousands were imprisoned arbitrarily, with few ever facing trial. Many were executed; \"disappeared\"; tortured; or maimed. He outlawed all labor unions, peasant organizations, and political parties, except for his own, the National Liberation Movement (Movimiento de Liberaci\u00f3n Nacional, MLN), which was the ruling party until 1957, and remained influential for decades after.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 56], "content_span": [57, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0055-0000", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Aftermath, Political legacy\nCastillo Armas' dependence on the officer corps and the mercenaries who had put him in power led to widespread corruption, and the Eisenhower administration was soon subsidizing the Guatemalan government with many millions of U.S. dollars. Castillo Armas also reversed the agrarian reforms of \u00c1rbenz, leading the U.S. embassy to comment that it was a \"long step backwards\" from the previous policy. The UFC did not profit from the coup; although it regained most of its privileges, its profits continued to decline, and it was eventually merged with another company to save itself from bankruptcy. Despite the influence which some of the local Catholic Church leaders had in the coup, anti-Catholic restrictions which had been enforced under previous governments in Guatemala would resume by the 1960s, as many anti-communist governments felt the Church had too much sympathy towards socialist parties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 56], "content_span": [57, 959]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0056-0000", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Aftermath, Civil War\nThe rolling-back of the progressive policies of the civilian governments resulted in a series of leftist insurgencies in the countryside, beginning in 1960. This triggered the 36-year Guatemalan Civil War between the U.S.-backed military government of Guatemala and the leftist insurgents, who frequently had a large degree of popular support. The largest of these movements was led by the Guerrilla Army of the Poor, which at its largest point had 270,000 members. During the civil war, atrocities against civilians were committed by both sides; 93% of these violations were committed by the U.S.-backed military, which included a genocidal scorched-earth campaign against the indigenous Maya population in the 1980s. The violence was particularly severe during the presidencies of R\u00edos Montt and Lucas Garc\u00eda.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 49], "content_span": [50, 861]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0057-0000", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Aftermath, Civil War\nNumerous other human rights violations were committed, including massacres of civilian populations, rape, aerial bombardment, and forced disappearances. Gleijeses wrote that Guatemala was \"ruled by a culture of fear\", and that it held the \"macabre record for human rights violations in Latin America\". These violations were partially the result of a particularly brutal counter-insurgency strategy adopted by the government. The ideological narrative that the 1954 coup had represented a battle against communism was often used to justify the violence in the 1980s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 49], "content_span": [50, 615]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0057-0001", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Aftermath, Civil War\nHistorians have attributed the violence of the civil war to the 1954 coup, and the \"anti-communist paranoia\" that it generated. The civil war came to an end in 1996, with a peace accord between the guerrillas and the government of Guatemala, which included an amnesty for the fighters on both sides. The civil war claimed the lives of an estimated 200,000 civilians in all.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 49], "content_span": [50, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0058-0000", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Aftermath, Apologies\nU.S. President Bill Clinton apologized to the nation of Guatemala in March 1999 for the atrocities committed by the U.S.-backed dictatorships. The apology occurred during a meeting in Guatemala which involved leaders from various sectors of the country's society, including indigenous people and women. Clinton stated \"For the United States it is important that I state clearly that support for military forces and intelligence units which engaged in violence and widespread repression was wrong, and the United States must not repeat that mistake.\" The apology came soon after the release of a truth commission report that documented U.S. support for the military forces that committed genocide.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 49], "content_span": [50, 746]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071732-0059-0000", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan coup d'\u00e9tat, Aftermath, Apologies\nIn May 2011 the Guatemalan government signed an agreement with \u00c1rbenz's surviving family to restore his legacy and publicly apologize for the government's role in ousting him. This included a financial settlement to the family. The formal apology was made at the National Palace by Guatemalan President \u00c1lvaro Colom on 20 October 2011, to Jacobo \u00c1rbenz Villanova, the son of the former president, and a Guatemalan politician. Colom stated, \"It was a crime to Guatemalan society and it was an act of aggression to a government starting its democratic spring.\" The agreement established several forms of reparation for the next of kin of \u00c1rbenz Guzm\u00e1n.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 49], "content_span": [50, 700]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071733-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Guatemalan general election\nConstituent Assembly elections were held alongside a plebiscite on the presidency of Carlos Castillo Armas in Guatemala on 10 October 1954. A reported 99.92% of voters voted in favour of Armas' presidency, whilst the National Anti- Communist Front won 57 of the 65 seats in the Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071734-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Guinea by-election\nA by-election for one of the French National Assembly seats from Guinea was held on June 27, 1954. The socialist Yacin\u00e9 Diallo, who had won one of the three Guinean seats in the 1951 French National Assembly election, died in April 1954, after which the by-election was called. The election was won by Diawadou Barry, but it also marked of the ascent of S\u00e9kou Tour\u00e9's Democratic Party of Guinea (PDG) in Guinean politics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071734-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Guinea by-election, Candidates\nThere were three main candidates taking part in the election; Barry Diawadou, S\u00e9kou Tour\u00e9 and Ibrahima Barry ('Barry III') of the newly founded Socialist Democracy of Guinea (DSG). Barry Diawadou was supported by a coordination committee of local formations during the run-up to the election. The coordination committee based on an agreement between the Fula (French: Peul; Fula: Ful\u0253e) chiefs of Futa Jalon and regional formations in lower Guinea.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071734-0001-0001", "contents": "1954 Guinea by-election, Candidates\nUnder the arrangement, the Fula chiefs would be able to select the candidate for the French National Assembly seat, whilst the groups from lower Guinea would select candidates for second-college senator (Fod\u00e9 Mamadou Tour\u00e9) and French Union assemblyman (Karim Bangoura). The Fula chiefs' candidate became Barry Diawadou, after Diawadou had received the backing of the Futa Jalon spiritual leader almami Ibrahima Sory Dara. Diawadou himself was the son of the almami of Dabola.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071734-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Guinea by-election, Candidates\nS\u00e9kou Tour\u00e9 (later the president of Guinea 1958-1984) was the candidate of the PDG, the Guinean branch of the African Democratic Rally (RDA). Tour\u00e9 was a prominent trade union leader. Tour\u00e9 and his party were popularly referred to as syli (susu for 'elephant'), a name given to symbolize strength.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071734-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Guinea by-election, Conduct\nThe election was marred with irregularities. The principle of secrecy of vote was not respected. In many cases local chiefs were in charge of distributing voting cards, chiefs who simultaneously were campaigning for Barry Diawadou (the electoral law demanded that local committees be formed with representatives of all parties for the sake of distributing voting cards). On many occasions, the ballot for Barry Diawadou was attached to the voting cards. At the voting stations, PDG representatives were chased away or physically abused in many locations. With the PDG representatives gone, the fraud could go on without limitations. The irregularities were most widespread in Futa Jalon, the stronghold of Barry Diawadou.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 754]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071734-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Guinea by-election, Aftermath\nImmediately after the official results had been declared, the PDG cried foul and accused the French administration of having committed fraud to ensure the victory of Barry Diawadou. In the months following the vote, the PDG pinned its hopes to the possibility that the French National Assembly might refuse to validate the results. The party campaigned vigorously to show its force, and mass demonstrations were held throughout Guinea to condemn the electoral fraud. PDG followers composed various songs, sung at the public meetings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 34], "content_span": [35, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071734-0004-0001", "contents": "1954 Guinea by-election, Aftermath\nThe stated that the Syli had been robbed of his legitimate victory, and that Barry Diawadou was a weak coward. Moreover, at the SFIO congress in July 1954 the actions of the French governor in Guinea were condemned. The SFIO congress charged that the governor had openly supported Diawadou's candidacy, in breach of the expected neutrality of the administration.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 34], "content_span": [35, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071734-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Guinea by-election, Aftermath\nFollowing the election, the committee that had supported Barry Diawadou's candidacy formed the African Bloc of Guinea (BAG) in late 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 34], "content_span": [35, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071734-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 Guinea by-election, Aftermath\nOn January 21, 1955 a vote of validation was held in the French National Assembly regarding the 1954 election in Guinea. SFIO no longer voiced any opposition. Many of the Democratic and Socialist Union of the Resistance (the parliamentary ally of RDA) assembly members were absent at the time of the vote. The validation was passed with a wide majority; only the assembly members of the French Communist Party and RDA voted against the validation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 34], "content_span": [35, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071734-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 Guinea by-election, Aftermath\nAfter the validation had passed, the situation became tense in lower Guinea. When Barry Diawadou's father visited Conakry on January 30, 1955, widespread riots broke out. Violent incidents also occurred in Dubr\u00e9ka and Boffa. These confrontations occurred in spite of appeals of the PDG to its followers to remain calm.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 34], "content_span": [35, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071735-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Haltemprice by-election\nThe Haltemprice by-election was held on 11 February 1954. It was held due to the elevation to a hereditary peerage of the incumbent Conservative MP, Richard Kidston Law. The by-election was won by the Conservative candidate, Patrick Wall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071736-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Hardin\u2013Simmons Cowboys football team\nThe 1954 Hardin\u2013Simmons Cowboys football team was an American football team that represented Hardin\u2013Simmons University in the Border Conference during the 1954 college football season. In its third and final season under head coach Murray Evans, the team compiled a 4\u20136 record (2\u20133 against conference opponents), finished in fifth place in the conference, and was outscored by a total of 204 to 153.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071736-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Hardin\u2013Simmons Cowboys football team\nNo Hardin-Simmons players were named to the 1954 All-Border Conference football team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071737-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Harrogate by-election\nThe Harrogate by-election was held on 11 March 1954. It was caused by the resignation of the incumbent Conservative MP, Christopher York. It was won by the Conservative candidate James Ramsden.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071738-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Harvard Crimson football team\nThe 1954 Harvard Crimson football team was an American football team that represented Harvard University during the 1954 college football season. In their fifth year under head coach Lloyd Jordan, the Crimson compiled a 4\u20133\u20131 record and outscored opponents 108 to 97. J. Timothy Anderson was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071738-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Harvard Crimson football team\nHarvard played its home games at Harvard Stadium in the Allston neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071739-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Harwich by-election\nThe Harwich by-election, 1954 was a parliamentary by-election held on 11 February 1954 for the House of Commons constituency of Harwich. The seat had become vacant when the National Liberal Member of Parliament (MP) Stanley Holmes was elevated to the peerage as Baron Dovercourt, having held the seat since the 1935 general election. The Conservative and Liberal candidate, Julian Ridsdale held the seat for the government. He remained the constituency's MP until his retirement 38 years later at the 1992 general election. The Labour candidate Shirley Catlin would later, under her married name Shirley Williams; be elected as MP for Hitchin and would serve in the Cabinets of Harold Wilson and James Callaghan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 737]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071740-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Hawaii Rainbows football team\nThe 1954 Hawaii Rainbows football team represented the University of Hawai\u02bbi at M\u0101noa as an independent during the 1954 college football season. In their third season under head coach Hank Vasconcellos, the Rainbows compiled a 4\u20134 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071741-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Hawthorn Football Club season\nThe 1954 season was the Hawthorn Football Club's 30th season in the Victorian Football League and the 53rd overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071742-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Holy Cross Crusaders football team\nThe 1954 Holy Cross Crusaders football team was an American football team that represented the College of the Holy Cross as an independent during the 1954 college football season. In its 11th year under head coach Eddie Anderson, the team compiled an 3\u20137 record. The team played its home games at Fitton Field in Worcester, Massachusetts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071743-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Honduran general election\nGeneral elections were held in Honduras on 10 October 1954. The elections were relatively honest. and saw Ram\u00f3n Villeda Morales of the Liberal Party emerge as the most popular presidential candidate with 48% of the vote. However, the constitution required Congress to confirm the president if no candidate received a majority in the popular vote. The Liberals did not have a majority in Congress, and the National Party and National Reformist Movement (MNR) agreed to block Villeda's candidacy, although they were unable to agree on a candidate of their own. The two parties boycotted the confirmation session in November \u2013 an idea proposed by US Ambassador Whitting Willauer \u2013 meaning those present did not form a quorum.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 753]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071743-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Honduran general election\nAmid the crisis, incumbent president Juan Manuel G\u00e1lvez handed over the presidency to his vice-president Julio Lozano D\u00edaz due to illness. Lozano decided to remain in office, dissolved congress and appointed a  59-member State Advisory Council with representatives from the Liberal, National and MNR. It was to write a new constitution, labor code, social security law, and act merely in an advisory capacity to the president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071744-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Hong Kong municipal election\nThe 1954 Urban Council election was held on 24 March 1954 for the 2 of the 4 elected seats of the Urban Council of Hong Kong.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071744-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Hong Kong municipal election\n4,957 of about 13,700 eligible voters cast their votes, 3,887 ballots from the polling station at the Statue Square on Hong Kong Island and 1,070 from St. Andrew's Church on Kowloon. There were five candidates contesting in total. Two incumbents, Philip Au and Dr. Raymond Lee of the Reform Club were able to secure the seats they won in last year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071745-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Houston Cougars football team\nThe 1954 Houston Cougars football team was an American football team that represented the University of Houston in the Missouri Valley Conference (MVC) during the 1954 college football season. In its seventh and final season under head coach Clyde Lee, the team compiled a 5\u20135 record (3\u20131 against conference opponents) and finished in second place out of five teams in the MVC. George Patterson and George Hynes were the team captains. The team played its home games at Rice Stadium in Houston.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 529]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071746-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team\nThe 1954 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team represented Humboldt State College during the 1954 college football season. Humboldt State competed in the Far Western Conference (FWC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071746-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team\nThe 1954 Lumberjacks were led by fourth-year head coach Phil Sarboe. They played home games at the Redwood Bowl in Arcata, California. Humboldt State finished with a record of five wins and five losses (5\u20135, 3\u20132 FWC). The Lumberjacks outscored their opponents 174\u2013116 for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071746-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Humboldt State players were selected in the 1955 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 70], "content_span": [71, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071747-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Hungary v England football match\nHungary v England (1954)  was an international football game played on 23 May 1954. The game was played between the Hungary national football team\u2014then the world's number one ranked team and the Olympic champions\u2014and the England national football team, hailing from the birthplace of the game of football and reputed \"Kings of Football\". The game was a return fixture from the 1953 game in the old Wembley Stadium, where Hungary had beaten England 6\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071747-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Hungary v England football match\nEngland approached the game in the hope that the 6\u20133 result had been an aberration; instead, Hungary provided a masterclass of football, and thrashed England 7\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071747-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Hungary v England football match, Background\nUnder the stewardship of Guszt\u00e1v Sebes, Hungary had been unbeaten since May 1950, and had won the 1952 Olympics in Helsinki. They were rated the number one team in the world by FIFA and were firm favourites for the 1954 World Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071747-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Hungary v England football match, Background\nEngland were rated the number four team in the world by FIFA, but were still existing in a climate of complacency; the Football Association (FA) saw their country as the originators of the game and assumed English players were technically and physically superior to their foreign counterparts. Coaching and tactical advances from abroad were ignored, with the English national side and the majority of clubs persisting with the outdated WM formation. Manager Walter Winterbottom had no prior managerial experience in professional football, and did not pick the England squad: that role remained with the FA's selection committee, who frequently displayed little or no consistency in their choice of player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 756]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071747-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Hungary v England football match, Background\nHungary had visited England in 1953 and delivered a 6\u20133 thrashing at Wembley\u2014the first time a foreign team outside the British Isles had beaten England on home soil. The result had sent a shockwave through English football, with several prominent managers and players such as Matt Busby, Don Revie, Bill Nicholson and Ron Greenwood realising that the English game had to adapt if the national team was to compete at the highest levels. The FA on the other hand viewed the defeat as a \"one-off\", and retained Winterbottom and an outdated WM formation for the return game in Budapest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 632]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071747-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Hungary v England football match, Date, venue and attendance\nThe match was played on 23 May 1954 at Nepstadion in Budapest in front of a 92,000 crowd.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 65], "content_span": [66, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071747-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 Hungary v England football match, The England team\nThe England team lined up in its usual WM formation, and included captain Billy Wright, goalkeeper Gil Merrick, winger Tom Finney and inside forward Ivor Broadis. Centre forward Bedford Jezzard was given his debut England cap.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 55], "content_span": [56, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071747-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 Hungary v England football match, The Hungarian team\nThe Hungarian team lined up in the 4\u20132\u20134 formation pioneered by their coach, Guszt\u00e1v Sebes. J\u00f3zsef Bozsik played in the deep lying midfield position, with N\u00e1ndor Hidegkuti free to roam between midfield and attack. Ferenc Pusk\u00e1s and S\u00e1ndor Kocsis were the strikers, with width being provided by Zolt\u00e1n Czibor and J\u00f3zsef T\u00f3th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 57], "content_span": [58, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071747-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 Hungary v England football match, First half\nHungary dominated the game; England were unable to obtain the ball for much of the time, and when they did they were unable to make any inroads against a fitter and more tactically adept Hungary side. No lessons had been learnt from the 6\u20133 defeat at Wembley; England were drawn out of position time and time again.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071747-0009-0000", "contents": "1954 Hungary v England football match, First half\nMih\u00e1ly Lantos scored for Hungary after 10 minutes; Ferenc Pusk\u00e1s added a second goal seven minutes later, before S\u00e1ndor Kocsis made it 3\u20130 on 19 minutes. England were simply outclassed and outplayed for the rest of the half.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071747-0010-0000", "contents": "1954 Hungary v England football match, Second half\nThe second half continued in same vein; Kocsis added his second goal on 57 minutes, N\u00e1ndor Hidegkuti scored two minutes later, Toth added a sixth and Puskas scored the final Hungarian goal on the 71st minute. It was a wretched tactical performance by England, with the sole highlight being Ivor Broadis scoring with a hooked shot when the Hungarians were 6\u20130 up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 50], "content_span": [51, 413]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071747-0011-0000", "contents": "1954 Hungary v England football match, Second half\nThe final result was Hungary 7 England 1\u2014this still ranks as England's heaviest footballing defeat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 50], "content_span": [51, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071747-0012-0000", "contents": "1954 Hungary v England football match, Long-term influences\nThe result confirmed what many in the English football world had suspected after the 6\u20133 defeat at Wembley: that England were no longer a major footballing force, and that the English game needed to look to the continent for tactical and training advances.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 59], "content_span": [60, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071748-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 I Cornwall MRC Formula 1 Race\nThe 1st Cornwall MRC Formula 1 Race was the first Cornwall MRC motor race, run to Formula One rules, held on 7 June 1954 at the Davidstow Circuit, Cornwall. The race was run over 20 laps of the little circuit, and was won by British driver John Riseley-Prichard in a Connaught Type A.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071748-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 I Cornwall MRC Formula 1 Race\nThis was the first of three Formula One races held in Cornwall during 1954 and 1955, and was the first Formula One event to include a Kieft on the grid, driven by Horace Gould.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071748-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 I Cornwall MRC Formula 1 Race\nGould later caused the entire meeting to be ended prematurely when he crashed his car transporter (a converted double-decker bus) into a footbridge, bringing it down on to the track.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071749-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships\nThe 1954 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships were held in M\u00e2con, France. This event was held under the auspices of the International Canoe Federation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071749-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships\nThe men's competition consisted of four Canadian (single paddle, open boat) and nine kayak events. Two events were held for the women, both in kayak. The type or number of events held at the championships remained unchanged from the previous championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071749-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships, Note\nZenz competed for Saar, but is listed in official reports as competing for West Germany.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 47], "content_span": [48, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071750-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 II Cornwall MRC Formula 1 Race\nThe 2nd Cornwall MRC Formula 1 Race was a motor race, run to Formula One rules, held on 2 August 1954 at the Davidstow Circuit, Cornwall. The race was to be run over 30 laps of the little circuit, but this was reduced to 20 laps due to the bad weather. The race was won by British driver John Coombs in a Lotus Mk VIII.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071750-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 II Cornwall MRC Formula 1 Race\nThis was the second of three Formula One races held in Cornwall during 1954 and 1955, and the first Formula One race to be won by a Lotus.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071750-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 II Cornwall MRC Formula 1 Race\nRodney Nuckey led the race until lap 17, when he suffered oil pressure problems, leaving Coombs and Tom Kyffin to battle for the lead until the end.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071751-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 IRFU College Draft\nThe 1954 IRFU College Draft was the second official sports draft held by the Interprovincial Rugby Football Union, a predecessor of the East Division of the Canadian Football League, in the spring of 1954. 32 players were chosen from among eligible players from five eastern universities, McGill University, Queen's University, University of Toronto, University of Western Ontario, and McMaster University. The Toronto Argonauts had the first selection, Bill McFarlane, in a draft where only six players would ever play in a professional football game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071751-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 IRFU College Draft\nThe following list only includes the first three rounds due to historical limitations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071752-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 ISSF World Shooting Championships\nThe 36th UIT World Shooting Championships was the contemporary name of the ISSF World Shooting Championships in all ISSF shooting events that were held in Caracas, Venezuela, in 1954. It was the first time Venezuela hosted the competition (which it did again in 1982), and a new military shooting range had been constructed in the suburbs of Caracas for the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071752-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 ISSF World Shooting Championships\nAfter their successful debut in the 1952 Summer Olympics, the Soviet Union now participated for the first time in the World Championships, and won 20 of the 30 gold medals. Rifle shooter Anatoli Bogdanov, the star of the 1952 shooting competitions in Helsinki, dominated once again with six individual and four team victories. He broke the world record in the 300 metre rifle three positions match with a margin of nine points. In the shotgun events, the United States and Italy were still on top, but the shooting greatness of especially Switzerland and the Scandinavian countries had now diminished, shifting the tide eastward.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 668]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071752-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 ISSF World Shooting Championships\nAs in most other events, the Soviet team won the team championship in 25 metre center-fire pistol. The American marksman Arthur Jackson commented that the western shooters watched with a mixed sense of pity and relief as the Soviet team shot their archaic Nagant M1895 revolvers in the pre-event training. On the match day they revealed their practical joke and instead brought brand new American Smith & Wesson match revolvers, shooting the same kind of gun and ammunition as the individual champion, and winning three points ahead of the American team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071753-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Ice Hockey World Championships\nThe 21st Ice Hockey World Championships and 32nd European ice hockey championships were held from 26 February to 7 March 1954 in Stockholm, Sweden. Every team played each other once with the top three finishers receiving medals at the end. The USSR won in its first attempt, led by Vsevolod Bobrov who was recognized as the best forward of the tournament in the first ever presentation of Directorate Awards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071753-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Ice Hockey World Championships, Description\nThe USSR won their first five games before meeting up with the host, and defending champion, Sweden. Sweden, having already lost eight to nothing to Canada, desperately needed to beat the Soviets, but settled for a one all tie. The final game of the tournament pitted the East York Lyndhursts, representing Canada, against the USSR, both teams being undefeated. Tournament organizers believed the Canadians would cruise to their seventh straight win and had begun to sell tickets for a planned tie-breaking game between the Soviets and Swedes to determine the European Championship. However the Soviets \"appeared to pass too much, check too little, and skate too fast\" and \"thoroughly dominated\" in a 7\u20132 win before 16,000 fans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 48], "content_span": [49, 777]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071753-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Ice Hockey World Championships, Description\nCanadian Amateur Hockey Association (CAHA) president W. B. George stated that the final game was the worst he had seen the Lyndhursts play and that they seemed afraid of being penalized. The CAHA was heavily criticized by media in Canada for the failure to win the World Championships, and writer Michael McKinley stated the loss was a \"day of reckoning\" and a symbol of what went wrong with the CAHA's international strategy, and the beginning of a hockey rivalry with the Soviet Union.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 48], "content_span": [49, 536]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071753-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Ice Hockey World Championships, Description\nBeginning with this year the IIHF began giving out official awards (known as the \"directorate awards\") to the best forward, defensemen, and goaltender, of the tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 48], "content_span": [49, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071754-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Idaho Vandals football team\nThe 1954 Idaho Vandals football team represented the University of Idaho in the 1954 college football season. The\u00a0Vandals were led by first-year head coach Skip Stahley and were members of the Pacific Coast Conference. Three home games were played on campus at Neale\u00a0Stadium in Moscow, with another in Boise at old Bronco Stadium at Boise Junior\u00a0College.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071754-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Idaho Vandals football team\nIdaho compiled a 4\u20135 overall record and were 1\u20132 in the\u00a0PCC. After five losses to open, they won their last four\u00a0games. Six\u00a0of the nine games were shutouts, with three wins and three\u00a0losses. The four-game winning streak was the program's longest in\u00a0decades.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071754-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Idaho Vandals football team\nIn the Battle of the Palouse with neighbor Washington State, the 0\u20135 Vandals blanked the Cougars 10\u20130 in Pullman on October\u00a023 for Stahley's first victory as head coach. It was Idaho's first win in the series in 29\u00a0years; the next came ten years later in\u00a01964.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071754-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Idaho Vandals football team\nThe annual game with Montana was not played this\u00a0year; outside of wartime years (without teams), it was the first break in the rivalry in forty years. Idaho was three games into an eight-game streak over the Grizzlies and retained the Little Brown Stein until\u00a01960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071754-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Idaho Vandals football team\nAfter the win in Pullman, Idaho defeated favored Utah in Salt\u00a0Lake\u00a0City, then shut out North Dakota in Moscow and BYU in\u00a0Boise.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071754-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Idaho Vandals football team\nA former head coach at Toledo and an assistant at Washington and in the NFL with the Cardinals, Stahley was hired in February, at an annual salary of $9,000. He remained as Idaho's head coach for eight seasons, then continued as athletic director for three more\u00a0years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071754-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 Idaho Vandals football team, All-conference\nNo Vandals were on the All-PCC team or the second team. Honorable mention were fullback Wilbur Gary and guard Burdette Hess.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071754-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 Idaho Vandals football team, NFL Draft\nOne senior from the 1954 Vandals was selected in the 1955 NFL Draft:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071754-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 Idaho Vandals football team, NFL Draft\nFour members of the freshman team were selected in the 1958 NFL Draft:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071755-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Idaho gubernatorial election\nThe 1954 Idaho gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1954. Republican nominee Robert E. Smylie defeated Democratic nominee Clark Hamilton with 54.24% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071756-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Ilford North by-election\nThe Ilford North by-election of 3 February 1954 was held after the resignation of Conservative MP Geoffrey Hutchinson, who gave up his seat to become chairman of the National Assistance Board. He subsequently became Baron Ilford. The seat was retained for the Conservatives by Tom Iremonger, who held the seat at the General Election the following year, and who remained the constituency's MP until defeated at the October 1974 election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071757-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Illinois Fighting Illini football team\nThe 1954 Illinois Fighting Illini football team was an American football team that represented the University of Illinois during the 1954 Big Ten Conference football season. In their 13th year under head coach Ray Eliot, the Illini compiled a 1\u20138 record and finished in last place in the Big Ten Conference. Center Jack Chamblin was selected as the team's most valuable player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071758-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Illinois elections\nElections were held in Illinois on Tuesday, November 2, 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 85]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071758-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Illinois elections, Election information\n1954 was a midterm election year in the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 45], "content_span": [46, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071758-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Illinois elections, Election information, Turnout\nIn the primary election, turnout was 32.06% with 1,695,491 ballots cast (957,042 Democratic and 738,449 Republican).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 54], "content_span": [55, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071758-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Illinois elections, Election information, Turnout\nIn the general election, turnout was 65.34% with 3,455,173 ballots cast.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 54], "content_span": [55, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071758-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Illinois elections, Federal elections, United States Senate\nDemocratic Senator Paul Douglas was reelected to a second term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 64], "content_span": [65, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071758-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Illinois elections, Federal elections, United States House\nAll 25 Illinois seats in the United States House of Representatives were up for election in 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 63], "content_span": [64, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071758-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 Illinois elections, Federal elections, United States House\nDemocrats flipped three Republican-held seats, leaving the Illinois House delegation to consist of 13 Republicans and 12 Democrats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 63], "content_span": [64, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071758-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 Illinois elections, State elections, Treasurer\nIncumbent first-term Treasurer, Republican Elmer J. Hoffman, did not seek reelection. Republican Warren Wright, a former one-term holder of the office, was elected to succeed him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 51], "content_span": [52, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071758-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 Illinois elections, State elections, Treasurer\nThis was the final Illinois Treasurer election to a two-year term, as voters also approved a a constitutional amendment which extended term length to four-years beginning in the following election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 51], "content_span": [52, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071758-0009-0000", "contents": "1954 Illinois elections, State elections, Treasurer, Republican primary\nFormer Illinois Treasurer Warren Wright won the Republican primary. He defeated fellow former Illinois Treasurer Conrad F. Becker, as well as Robert J. Branson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 71], "content_span": [72, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071758-0010-0000", "contents": "1954 Illinois elections, State elections, Superintendent of Public Instruction\nIncumbent  Superintendent of Public Instruction Vernon L. Nickell, a Republican, was elected to a fourth term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 78], "content_span": [79, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071758-0011-0000", "contents": "1954 Illinois elections, State elections, State Senate\nSeats in the Illinois Senate were up for election in 1954. Republicans retained control of the chamber.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 54], "content_span": [55, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071758-0012-0000", "contents": "1954 Illinois elections, State elections, State House of Representatives\nSeats in the Illinois House of Representatives were up for election in 1954. Republicans retained control of the chamber.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 72], "content_span": [73, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071758-0013-0000", "contents": "1954 Illinois elections, State elections, Trustees of University of Illinois\nAn election was held for three of nine seats for Trustees of University of Illinois.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 76], "content_span": [77, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071758-0014-0000", "contents": "1954 Illinois elections, State elections, Trustees of University of Illinois\nThe election saw the reelection of Democrat former member Kenney E. Williamson (who previously had served one full term and a partial term), and first-term Democratic incumbents George Wirt Herrick, Frances Best Watkins.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 76], "content_span": [77, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071758-0015-0000", "contents": "1954 Illinois elections, State elections, Judicial elections, Supreme Court\nA judicial election was held on June 7, 1954 for the Fifth Supreme Court Judicial District. Republican Joseph E. Daily was unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 75], "content_span": [76, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071758-0016-0000", "contents": "1954 Illinois elections, State elections, Judicial elections, Lower courts\nOn November 2, 1954, a special election was held to fill a vacancy on the Circuit Court of Cook County.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 74], "content_span": [75, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071758-0017-0000", "contents": "1954 Illinois elections, State elections, Ballot measures\nThree ballot measures were put before voters in 1954. One was a legislatively referred state statute and two were a legislatively referred constitutional amendment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 57], "content_span": [58, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071758-0018-0000", "contents": "1954 Illinois elections, State elections, Ballot measures\nIn order to be approved, legislatively referred state statues required the support of a majority of those voting on the statute. In order to be placed on the ballot, proposed legislatively referred constitutional amendments needed to be approved by two-thirds of each house of the Illinois General Assembly. In order to be approved, they required approval of either two-thirds of those voting on the amendment itself or a majority of all ballots cast in the general elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 57], "content_span": [58, 534]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071758-0019-0000", "contents": "1954 Illinois elections, State elections, Ballot measures, Legislative Apportionment\nLegislative Apportionment, a legislatively referred constitutional amendment which amended Sections 6, 7, and 8 of Article IV of the 1870 Constitution of Illinois was approved by voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 84], "content_span": [85, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071758-0020-0000", "contents": "1954 Illinois elections, State elections, Ballot measures, Legislative Apportionment\nIn order for constitutional amendments to be passed by voters, they required either two-thirds support among those specifically voting on the measure or 50% support among all ballots cast in the elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 84], "content_span": [85, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071758-0021-0000", "contents": "1954 Illinois elections, State elections, Ballot measures, State Treasurer Amendment\nState Treasurer Amendment, a legislatively referred constitutional amendment which amended Sections 1, 2, and 3 of Article IV of the 1870 Constitution of Illinois was approved by voters. Among its changes was, beginning with the 1956 election, making the term of the State Treasurer be expanded from two to four years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 84], "content_span": [85, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071758-0022-0000", "contents": "1954 Illinois elections, State elections, Ballot measures, State Treasurer Amendment\nIn order for constitutional amendments to be passed by voters, they required either two-thirds support among those specifically voting on the measure or 50% support among all ballots cast in the elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 84], "content_span": [85, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071759-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Indian Rajya Sabha elections\nRajya Sabha elections were held in 1954, to elect members of the Rajya Sabha, Indian Parliament's upper chamber.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071759-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Indian Rajya Sabha elections, Elections\nElections were held in 1954 to elect members from various states. The list is incomplete.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 44], "content_span": [45, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071759-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Indian Rajya Sabha elections, Elections, Members elected\nThe following members are elected in the elections held in 1954. They are members for the term 1952-54 by luck as decided in 1952 and retire in year 1954, except in case of the resignation or death before the term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 61], "content_span": [62, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071759-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Indian Rajya Sabha elections, Bye-elections\nThe following bye elections were held in the year 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 48], "content_span": [49, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071760-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Indiana Hoosiers football team\nThe 1954 Indiana Hoosiers football team represented the Indiana Hoosiers in the 1954 Big Ten Conference football season. The Hoosiers played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Bloomington, Indiana. The team was coached by Bernie Crimmins, in his third year as head coach of the Hoosiers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071761-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Indianapolis 500\nThe 38th International 500-Mile Sweepstakes was held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway on Monday, May 31, 1954. The event was part of the 1954 AAA National Championship Trail, and was also race 2 of 9 in the 1954 World Championship of Drivers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071761-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Indianapolis 500, Starting grid\nR\u00a0 = Indianapolis 500 rookie; \u00a0W\u00a0 = Former Indianapolis 500 winner", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 36], "content_span": [37, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071761-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Indianapolis 500, Race summary\nBill Vukovich had to work much harder in this race due to his car was now 2 years old and the team had trouble getting it up to speed leading to a 19th place starting spot inside of row 7 for the race. Vukovich did not see the lead until lap 61 when he led 1 lap. He then after losing positions during pitstops worked his way forward, seeing the lead again on lap 92 leading for the next 38 laps until falling back due to another round of pitstops.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 35], "content_span": [36, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071761-0002-0001", "contents": "1954 Indianapolis 500, Race summary\nThen Vukovich took the lead for good on 150 to win his second consecutive 500, setting a record (at the time) 130.840 mph average race speed. The record would stand until the 1957 Indianapolis 500. Sadly Vukovich died the following year attempting to win his third consecutive Indy 500. The race reportedly went 110 laps before the first yellow light.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 35], "content_span": [36, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071761-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio\nThe race was carried live flag-to-flag on the Indianapolis Motor Speedway Radio Network. It was the second time the race was carried in its entirety. The broadcast was anchored by Sid Collins, his third as chief announcer, and seventh year overall with the crew. Charlie Brockman served as booth analyst and statistician, and also reported from victory lane.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 42], "content_span": [43, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071761-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio\nOf note, the network expanded its coverage to include four qualifying wrap-up shows during time trials weekends.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 42], "content_span": [43, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071761-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio\nThe network expanded to include four qualifying wrap-up shows, and the number of affiliate stations increased to 210. All five major radio stations in Indianapolis carried the broadcast. The 1954 broadcast is notable in that it featured for the first time the famous phrase \"Stay tuned for the Greatest Spectacle in Racing.\" Due to the increased number of affiliates at the time, the network needed a scripted \"out-cue\" to alert producers when to manually insert local commercials. A young WIBC marketing staff member named Alice Greene (n\u00e9e Bunger) is credited with inventing the phrase, and chief announcer Sid Collins coined it on-air. It has been used ever since, with all of the chief announcers proudly reciting it during their respective tenures.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 42], "content_span": [43, 796]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071761-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio\nSouth Turns: Bill FroschBackstretch: Jack ShapiroNorth Turns: E. Z. Gwynn", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 42], "content_span": [43, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071762-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Individual Speedway World Championship\nIn the 1954 Individual Speedway World Championship was the ninth edition of the official World Championship to determine the world champion rider.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071762-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Individual Speedway World Championship\nRonnie Moore a 21-year-old New Zealander won his first World Championship with a 15-point maximum in front of a 90,000 attendance. He defeated his main rival Olle Nygren in the final heat. Nygren then lost the silver medal ride off to Wembley's teenager Brian Crutcher. Moore's success was made all the more remarkable because he rode the meeting while still recovering from a broken leg. Moore's win made him New Zealand's first ever World Champion in all forms of motor racing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071762-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Individual Speedway World Championship, World final, Classification\nm - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance \u2022  t - exclusion for touching the tapes \u2022  x - other exclusion \u2022  e - retired or mechanical failure \u2022  f - fell \u2022  ns - non-starter \u2022  nc - non-classify", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 72], "content_span": [73, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071763-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 International Cross Country Championships\nThe 1954 International Cross Country Championships was held in Birmingham, England, at the Bromford Bridge Racecourse on 27 March 1954. In addition, an unofficial women's championship was held one week earlier at the same place on 20 March 1954. A preview on the men's event, a report on the men's results as well as the women's results was given in the Glasgow Herald.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071763-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 International Cross Country Championships\nComplete results for men, and for women (unofficial), medallists,  and the results of British athletes were published.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071763-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 International Cross Country Championships, Participation, Men's\nAn unofficial count yields the participation of 62 athletes from 7 countries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 68], "content_span": [69, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071763-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 International Cross Country Championships, Participation, Women's\nAn unofficial count yields the participation of 12 female athletes from 2 countries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 70], "content_span": [71, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071764-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Inverness by-election\nThe Inverness by-election, 1954 was a by-election held on 21 December 1954 for the British House of Commons constituency of Inverness.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071764-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Inverness by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the sitting Unionist Member of Parliament (MP) Lord Malcolm Douglas-Hamilton, by his application for the Chiltern Hundreds. Douglas-Hamilton had held the seat since 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071764-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Inverness by-election\nThe result was a victory for the Unionist candidate Neil McLean. McLean held the seat until 1964 when he lost to the Liberal Russell Johnston.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071764-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Inverness by-election, The constituency\nIn 1954 the constituency of Inverness was one of the largest Parliamentary constituencies in Britain spread across 4,000 square miles (10,000\u00a0km2) of Scottish Highland, from the county town of Inverness to the west coast of Scotland and included the Isle of Skye and some nearby islands. More than half the electorate lived in the town of Inverness itself however.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 44], "content_span": [45, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071764-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Inverness by-election, Candidates\nThe Tories chose as their representative the 36-year-old, Eton and Sandhurst educated Lieutenant Colonel Neil McLean who had lived in the Highlands as a child. McLean had the advantage of knowing that Douglas-Hamilton was going to resign and had moved to the constituency in anticipation of the by-election. He had been installed as the prospective candidate for about 18 months, using the time to get to know the area well and establish a rapport with the electorate. Labour selected Dundee engine driver and trade union official, William Paterson, aged 44.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 597]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071764-0004-0001", "contents": "1954 Inverness by-election, Candidates\nThe former Labour candidate at the 1951 general election, Alexander Macnair had indicated he wished to stand again but the local Labour Party preferred a new man. Macnair then said he might put up as an Independent Labour candidate but did not do so in the end. The Liberals, who had not fought the seat at the previous general election in 1951 settled on John Bannerman a Gaelic speaking farmer and former Scotland Rugby international, who had been Liberal candidate for Argyll at the general elections of 1945 and 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071764-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Inverness by-election, Election issues\nThe first political controversy to emerge in relation to Inverness was the timing of the by-election itself. Labour in particular objected to what they called 'the sharp practice' of moving the by-election writ by the Tories when they did, based on the deliberate shortening of campaign time this would mean for opposition candidates, especially in a geographically large and electorally scattered constituency and at a difficult time of year - the dead of winter and just before Christmas. According to one account in a national newspaper the topical issues were the problems of depopulation, transport and midges.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 43], "content_span": [44, 659]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071764-0005-0001", "contents": "1954 Inverness by-election, Election issues\nHowever the Liberal candidate, John Bannerman, based his campaign on support for Home Rule for Scotland and an increase in old age pensions. Paterson received a letter of support from former prime minister Clement Attlee reminding voters that the Labour Party in office had developed hydro-electric power and a great programme of afforestation in the Highlands.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 43], "content_span": [44, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071764-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 Inverness by-election, Impact\nThe by-election result caused little stir at the time, although the Liberals were clearly pleased with their performance given they had not fought the seat in 1951 and had pushed Labour into third place. It does however seem that Inverness served as a portent of what was to come in Scotland over the next few general elections. One historian has commented that the \"...Conservative Party was to suffer in the following decades from the effects of growing support for home rule, later translated into support for the Scottish National Party and a rise in support for the Liberals and Labour.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 34], "content_span": [35, 627]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071764-0006-0001", "contents": "1954 Inverness by-election, Impact\nDespite the opinion in The Times newspaper that \u2018...it is possible to argue that if the Liberals could not recover Inverness this time, when all the circumstances and candidate favoured them, their best days there seem to be over for good' the Inverness result also pre-figured the Liberal revival of the late 1950s and 1960s when under the leadership of Jo Grimond the party won its first by-election victory since 1929 at Torrington in 1958 and more spectacularly at Orpington in 1962. As already noted, the Liberals best days in Inverness were hardly behind them as they won the seat in 1964 and the Liberal Democrats\u2018 Danny Alexander held the equivalent constituency until the 2015 general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 34], "content_span": [35, 738]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071765-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Iowa Hawkeyes football team\nThe 1954 Iowa Hawkeyes football team represented the University of Iowa in the 1954 Big Ten Conference football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071766-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Iowa Senate election\nThe 1954 Iowa State Senate elections took place as part of the biennial 1954 United States elections. Iowa voters elected state senators in 21 of the state senate's 50 districts. State senators serve four-year terms in the Iowa State Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071766-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Iowa Senate election\nA statewide map of the 50 state Senate districts in the 1954 elections is provided by the Iowa General Assembly", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071766-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Iowa Senate election\nThe primary election on June 7, 1954 determined which candidates appeared on the November 2, 1954 general election ballot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071766-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Iowa Senate election\nFollowing the previous election, Republicans had control of the Iowa state Senate with 46 seats to Democrats' 4 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071766-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Iowa Senate election\nTo claim control of the chamber from Republicans, the Democrats needed to net 22 Senate seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071766-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Iowa Senate election\nRepublicans maintained control of the Iowa State Senate following the 1954 general election with the balance of power shifting to Republicans holding 44 seats and Democrats having 6 seats (a net gain of 2 seats for Democrats).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071767-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Iowa State Cyclones football team\nThe 1954 Iowa State Cyclones football team represented Iowa State College of Agricultural and Mechanic Arts (later renamed Iowa State University) in the Big Seven Conference during the 1954 college football season. In their first year under head coach Vince DiFrancesca, the Cyclones compiled a 3\u20136 record (1\u20135 against conference opponents), finished in sixth place in the conference, and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 182 to 151. They played their home games at Clyde Williams Field in Ames, Iowa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071767-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Iowa State Cyclones football team\nThe team's regular starting lineup on offense consisted of left end Mel Wostoupal, left tackle Ralph Brown, left guard Herb McDermott, center Elmer May, right guard Weldon Thalacker, right tackle Jim McMaulley, right end Barney Alleman, quarterback Jerry Finley, left halfback Gary Lutz, right halfback Bruce Alexander, and fullback Max Burkett. Max Burkett and Weldon Thalacker were the team captains.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071767-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Iowa State Cyclones football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Max Burkett with 528 rushing yards and 30 points (five touchdowns), John Breckenridge with 236 passing yards, and Mel Wostoupal with 151 receiving yards. No Iowa State players were selected as first-team all-conference players.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071767-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Iowa State Cyclones football team\nThe November road game at Kansas State marked the first time that the Cyclones flew to a road contest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071768-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Iowa gubernatorial election\nThe 1954 Iowa gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1954. Republican nominee Leo Hoegh defeated Democratic nominee Clyde E. Herring with 51.37% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071769-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Iranian general election\nParliamentary elections were held in Iran in 1954. Political parties were banned from contesting the election, and all 136 elected MPs were independents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071769-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Iranian general election\nThe elections were \"rigged and far from a legitimate process\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 92]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071769-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Iranian general election\nUpper house elections began in February while the lower house elections in provinces began at the same time. Lower house election in Tehran was held on March 9 and 10.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071769-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Iranian general election, Campaign\nThe outlawed opposition formed by the National Front activists after 1953 coup d'\u00e9tat, 'National Resistance Movement' (NRM) put all its effort to campaign for its twelve candidates in Tehran, namely Ahmad Razavi, Abdollah Moazzami, Allahyar Saleh, Ali Shayegan, Kazem Hassibi, Mohammad-Ali Angaji, Mahmoud Nariman, Karim Sanjabi, Bagher Jalali Mousavi, Asghar Parsa, Ahmad Akhgar and Ahmad Zirakzadeh, of whom some were in hiding. However, they could not rely on a vast network of activists because of suffering from organizational weakness.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071769-0003-0001", "contents": "1954 Iranian general election, Campaign\nTo distribute NRM statements in Tehran, Bazargan and Bakhtiar had to take taxi and throw the paper out of the window and speak in French to conceal their identity and purpose from the driver. Bazargan organized some 2,000 nationalists to vote in Sepahsalar Mosque, however they were barred from casting their vote by the security forces, the \u010d\u0101quke\u0161 led by Shaban Jafari and fascist organizations like SUMKA, who were present in the streets.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071769-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Iranian general election, Media coverage, In the United States\nThe New York Times wrote that a voter bowed three times to the ballot box and when asked why, he said \"I am merely making my obeisance to the magic box. When one drops in a ballot for Mohammad [Mosaddeq], lo, when the ballot is opened it is transformed into a vote for Fazlollah [Zahedi]\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 67], "content_span": [68, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071769-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Iranian general election, Media coverage, In the United States\nItem: a constituency near Kerman beat up the man Zahedi sent there to be elected; Zahedi suspended the balloting. Item: a former Iranian ambassador to the U.S. [Allahyar Saleh] announced himself as a pro-Mossadegh candidate from Kashan; Zahedi forced him to remain in Teheran. ; Item: the powerful Zolfaghari tribe in the northwest rigged the election of two pro-Mossadegh deputies; Zahedi arrested the chiefs for using \"undue force\" on the voters. Moral: nobody in Iran save Fazlollah Zahedi is allowed to use undue force on voters", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 67], "content_span": [68, 600]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071770-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Irish Greyhound Derby\nThe 1954 Irish Greyhound Derby took place during July and August with the final being held at Shelbourne Park in Dublin on 7 August 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071770-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Irish Greyhound Derby\nThe winner Spanish Battleship won \u00a3500 and was trained by Tom Lynch and owned by Tim 'Chubb' O'Connor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071770-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report\nThe defending champion Spanish Battleship headed for Shelbourne Park following an rest because he had injured a leg during the 1954 Callanan Cup final. After the first night's racing doubts surfaced that he could successfully defend his title because he had been injured and a greyhound called Leafy Ash who had finished second in the 1954 English Greyhound Derby final recorded 29.93, in a first round win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 46], "content_span": [47, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071770-0002-0001", "contents": "1954 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report\nHowever The following evening Spanish Battleship then proceeded to break the track record with a remarkable 29.50 run, which led to the Irish press stating that it was a foregone conclusion that the dog would win again. The second round win was impressive but nine spots slower than his first round win; the next best being Ollys Quare Rebel in 29.74.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 46], "content_span": [47, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071770-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report\nIn the semi-finals Spanish Battleship equalled his own track record winning eight lengths ahead of Dignity. Aughacommon Rex beat Moyola Flash and Palm's Son defeated Olly's Quare Rebel in the remaining semi-finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 46], "content_span": [47, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071770-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report\nSpanish Battleship wrote his name into the history books as the first ever two time Irish Derby winner despite missing his break from the traps in the final. He showed enough of his renowned early pace to quickly overtake early leader Dignity and go on to win by three lengths in 29.64.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 46], "content_span": [47, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071771-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Irish general election\nThe 1954 Irish general election was held on 18 May 1954. The newly elected members of the 15th D\u00e1il assembled at Leinster House on 2 June when the new Taoiseach and government were appointed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071771-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Irish general election\nThe general election took place in 40 parliamentary constituencies throughout Ireland for 147 seats in the lower house of parliament, D\u00e1il \u00c9ireann.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071771-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Irish general election, Campaign\nThe general election of 1954 was caused by the loss of an overall majority for the ruling Fianna F\u00e1il party in the D\u00e1il. Rather than be voted down on a vote in the D\u00e1il, \u00c9amon de Valera decided to call a general election and let the people decide.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071771-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Irish general election, Campaign\nFianna F\u00e1il had the most to lose, their campaign concentrated on providing political stability for the next five years. They also put forward strong arguments against coalition governments. However, this would not suffice when the country's economy was worsening and unemployment and emigration were increasing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071771-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Irish general election, Campaign\nOn the other hand, the opposition parties of Fine Gael, the Labour Party and the other minor parties offered the electorate an alternative to three years of Fianna F\u00e1il rule. While they could not solve the economic problems facing the country, they could provide fresh ideas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071772-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Isle of Man TT\nThe 1954 Isle of Man Tourist Trophy was the second race in the 1954 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season and proved highly controversial for TT Course and race changes. The 1954 Junior TT was the first race where the official race distance was reduced from 7 laps to 5 laps. The 1954 Senior TT Race was stopped at half distance due to the weather conditions on the Mountain Section of the course.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071772-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Isle of Man TT\nThe first world championship event for the 1954 Isle of Man TT Races was the 350cc Junior TT Race. The race was led on lap 1 by Fergus Anderson from Gilera team-mate Ken Kavanagh by 10 seconds and Ray Amm riding for Norton a further 6 seconds adrift in 3rd place. On lap 2, Fergus Anderson retired at Kirk Michael with an engine problem and Ken Kavanagh retired at the pits with an engine mis-fire on lap 3. The race was then led by Ray Amm by 24 seconds from Rod Coleman riding for AJS motor-cycles. However, Ray Amm retired at Barregarrow on lap 5 allowing Rod Coleman to become the first New Zealander to win an Isle of Man TT Race at an average race speed of 91.54 mph.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 693]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071772-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Isle of Man TT\nThe new 10 lap (107.90\u00a0miles) Sidecar TT held on the Clypse Course was led from start to finish by Eric Oliver and passenger Les Nutt riding a Norton outfit with a \"dust-bin\" fairing at an average speed of 68.87\u00a0mph. The Norton outfit of Bill Boddice/J.Pirie hit a bank at Creg-ny-Baa and flipped over on lap 7, but continued on to finish the race in 6th place. The winner of the 1954 Lightweight TT race, Werner Haas crashed at Governor's Bridge on lap 1 of the 1954 Ultra-Lightweight TT Race, also held on the Clypse Course. This allowed Rupert Hollaus to win the race in 1\u00a0hour, 33\u00a0minutes and 3.4 seconds at an average race speed of 69.57\u00a0mph. His victory was notable because he was one of only seven riders to have won an Isle of Man TT race in their first attempt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 790]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071772-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Isle of Man TT\nIn deteriorating weather conditions and with reduced visibility on the Mountain Section of the course the 1954 Senior TT Race was held after a short delay and started at midday. Despite the conditions, Geoff Duke riding the works Gilera set a time of 25\u00a0minutes and 41.0 seconds an average speed of 88.18\u00a0mph and led Ray Amm riding for Norton by 14 seconds on lap 1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071772-0003-0001", "contents": "1954 Isle of Man TT\nOn the second lap, Geoff Duke lapped in 26\u00a0minutes and 23 seconds at an average speed of 85.84\u00a0mph and Ray Amm lapped at an average speed of 86.49 to reduce the lead to just 2 seconds. Further heavy rain and low cloud on the Mountain Section reduced speed further and the conditions caused John Grace and Ted Frend to retire at the TT Grandstand on lap 2 and Ray Amm used \"feet-down\" tactics on the slower corners.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071772-0003-0002", "contents": "1954 Isle of Man TT\nThe leader, Geoff Duke, decided to refuel on lap 3. Ray Amm in second place went straight through without stopping and lapped in 25\u00a0minutes and 28 seconds at an average speed of 88.93\u00a0mph and now led Geoff Duke by 32 seconds. At the Windy Corner on lap 4, the visibility was down to 20\u00a0yards and a decision was made to stop the race because of the conditions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071772-0003-0003", "contents": "1954 Isle of Man TT\nThis allowed Ray Amm, due to refueling at the TT Grandstand on lap 4, to win the 1954 Senior TT Race in 1\u00a0hour, 42\u00a0minutes and 46.8 seconds at an average race speed of 88.12\u00a0mph. The controversial decision by race organisers to stop the 1954 Senior TT Race on lap 4, just as the weather started to improve, was protested by the Gilera management.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071772-0003-0004", "contents": "1954 Isle of Man TT\nThis was on the grounds that the works Norton team were told of the decision allowing Ray Amm to lead the race on lap 3, but the official protest was rejected by the race organisers. During lap 1 of the 1954 Senior TT Race, Simon Sandys-Winsch riding a Junior Velocette crashed at the Highlander and died in hospital a few days later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071772-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Isle of Man TT, Race results, 1954 Clubmans Senior Results\n10 June 1954 \u2013 Mountain Course (4 laps \u2013 150.92\u00a0miles)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 63], "content_span": [64, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071772-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Isle of Man TT, Race results, 1954 Clubmans Junior Results\n10 June 1954 \u2013 Mountain Course (4 laps \u2013 150.92\u00a0miles)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 63], "content_span": [64, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071772-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 Isle of Man TT, Race results, 1954 Isle of Man Junior TT 350cc final standings\n14 June 1954  \u2013  5 Laps (188.56\u00a0Miles) Mountain Course.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 83], "content_span": [84, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071772-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 Isle of Man TT, Race results, 1954 Isle of Man Lightweight TT 250cc final standings\n14 June 1954  \u2013  3 Laps (113.00\u00a0Miles) Mountain Course.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 88], "content_span": [89, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071772-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 Isle of Man TT, Race results, 1954 Isle of Man Ultra-Lightweight TT 125cc final standings\n16 June 1954 \u2013 10 Laps (107.90\u00a0miles) Clypse Course.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 94], "content_span": [95, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071772-0009-0000", "contents": "1954 Isle of Man TT, Race results, 1954 Sidecar TT final standings\n16 June 1954 \u2013 10 Laps (107.90\u00a0miles) Clypse Course.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 66], "content_span": [67, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071772-0010-0000", "contents": "1954 Isle of Man TT, Race results, 1954 Isle of Man Senior TT 500cc final standings\nFriday 18 June 1954  \u2013  4 Laps (150.74\u00a0Miles) Mountain Course. (Reduced Race Distance)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 83], "content_span": [84, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071773-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Italian Grand Prix\nThe 1954 Italian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 5 September 1954 at Monza. It was race 8 of 9 in the 1954 World Championship of Drivers. The 80-lap race was won by Mercedes driver Juan Manuel Fangio after he started from pole position. Mike Hawthorn finished second for the Ferrari team and his teammates Umberto Maglioli and Jos\u00e9 Froil\u00e1n Gonz\u00e1lez came in third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071774-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition controversy\nAchille Compagnoni and Lino Lacedelli reached the summit of K2 for the first time on the 1954 Italian Karakoram expedition to K2 but for over fifty years the 1954 Italian Karakoram expedition controversy dragged on concerning whether the official report written by the expedition's leader, Ardito Desio, gave a true picture of the expedition. That the climbers did indeed reach the summit was never in dispute.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071774-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition controversy\nInitially there were complaints from one of the members of the expedition, Walter Bonatti, about how he felt the report overlooked the importance of his and Amir Mahdi's roles in enabling the climb to be successful. Bonatti also complained about how he and Mahdi had been treated by the climbers who went on to reach the summit. Later Bonatti argued that the lead climbers' supplemental oxygen would not have run out before they had reached the summit, contrary to what they had stated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071774-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition controversy\nAs the years went by there was increasing support for Bonatti's claims and criticism of the Italian mountaineering authority, the Club Alpino Italiano (CAI), for its failure to deal with the matter. In 2007, after Desio had died, the CAI at last published a revised official account of the climb which generally found in favour of Bonatti's version of events. However, the CAI was then criticised for going too far in an attempt to placate Bonatti and his supporters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071774-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition controversy, Legal difficulties, 1954\u20131958\nWhen Charlie Houston, who had led the 1953 American K2 expedition, attended the jubilant Italian celebrations for the successful climb he realised that behind the scenes things had not been happy. It soon got into the press that the Desio had not been a popular leader \u2013 he had been self-centred and autocratic. Riccardo Cassin, who had been excluded from taking part, became involved saying Desio had not wanted to share the focus of attention with anyone else.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 76], "content_span": [77, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071774-0003-0001", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition controversy, Legal difficulties, 1954\u20131958\nWhile Desio was still writing his book legal problems started when he accused the expedition photographer of taking away the film of the expedition. Even after one of the scientists in the party admitted they had taken it through a misunderstanding, Desio did not withdraw his accusation until after he had been sued for defamation. Then the CAI successfully sued Desio for the return of some of the grant they had made and both sides went into print acrimoniously. Desio lost his battles and even had to hand back the Caravella D'Oro trophy he had been awarded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 76], "content_span": [77, 639]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071774-0003-0002", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition controversy, Legal difficulties, 1954\u20131958\nCompagnoni then took the CAI to court to ask to be allocated some of the profits from the film Italia K2 which was drawing large audiences \u2013 he eventually lost the case in 1958. Bonatti had protested that the film understated (indeed omitted any mention of) the role he and Mahdi had played in carrying vital oxygen up for the summit party and about the emergency bivouac but in the end an acknowledgement was included in the distributed film.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 76], "content_span": [77, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071774-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition controversy, Desio's 1954 account of the climb\nDesio wrote the first official account of the expedition in his 1954 book La Conquista del K2 but this account was disputed over many years by Bonatti and, eventually, Lacedelli and others. That Compagnoni and Lacedelli had reached the summit of K2 was not in dispute \u2013 the issue to begin with was how the lead climbers had treated Bonatti and Mahdi who, high on the mountain, had been carrying up oxygen cylinders for them. Later there was a dispute about whether the oxygen had run out before or after they had reached the summit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 80], "content_span": [81, 613]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071774-0004-0001", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition controversy, Desio's 1954 account of the climb\nOverall, Bonatti claimed Desio's book was neither accurate nor fair. The matter became increasingly controversial with a great deal of press criticism, often uninformed. Desio died in 2001 at the age of 104 and eventually in 2004 the Club Alpino Italiano appointed three experts, called \"I Tre Saggi\" (the three wise men) to investigate. In 2007 the CAI published K2 \u2013 Una Storia Finita (referred to as \"CAI 2007\" in this article) which included the Tre Saggi report and accepted, and expanded on, its contents. In short, the CAI report accepted Bonatti's version of events.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 80], "content_span": [81, 655]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071774-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition controversy, Desio's 1954 account of the climb\nOverall Desio's 1954 book was self-congratulatory in tone and emphasised the scientific work over the climbing. He credited Compagnoni and Lacedelli with writing the chapter about events high on the mountain although Lacedelli later said he took no part in writing the book. Desio himself had directed the climb from Base Camp \u2013 he only once went up as high as Camp II on the fixed ropes and never went onto the Abruzzi Ridge. He was in reasonably good radio contact with the climbers however. What follows here provides a summary of where Desio's account differs from the account given in the 1954 Italian Karakoram expedition to K2 article which is based on the CAI 2007 report.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 80], "content_span": [81, 761]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071774-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition controversy, Desio's 1954 account of the climb\nDesio stated that Camp VIII was established just below 7,700 metres (25,400\u00a0ft). After going down to collect equipment and \"two oxygen masks\"  [sic] from halfway down towards Camp VII (the height of which was not stated), Bonatti and Mahdi got back up to Camp VIII by noon on 30 July and then continued with Abram carrying the oxygen respirators towards Camp IX which was had just been established at 8,100 metres (26,575\u00a0ft) and where they were to spend the night.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 80], "content_span": [81, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071774-0006-0001", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition controversy, Desio's 1954 account of the climb\nCAI 2007 reported that, whereas Desio had said the plan had been for Camp IX at 8,000\u20138,100 metres (26,200\u201326,600\u00a0ft), on 30 July this was reduced to 7,900 metres (25,900\u00a0ft) to allow the oxygen sets to be carried there in one day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 80], "content_span": [81, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071774-0006-0002", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition controversy, Desio's 1954 account of the climb\nThe report quoted Lacedelli as eventually saying Camp IX was actually at about 8,150 metres (26,740\u00a0ft) and Bonatti and Mahdi's bivouac was at 8,100 m. Desio's book described how, as night fell, Bonatti realised he would not reach Camp IX so he called up to the assault team who told them to go down quickly to Camp VIII. However, Mahdi was unfit even to descend so they dug a snow hole for an overnight bivouac without a tent or sleeping bags. Mahdi had become severely frostbitten by the time they set off down together at dawn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 80], "content_span": [81, 611]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071774-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition controversy, Desio's 1954 account of the climb\nEarly in the morning of 31 July, as soon as there was a glimmer of light, Compagnoni and Lacedelli emerged from their tent and were amazed to see a figure below them (they could not tell who it was) heading down the mountain. Starting at about 05:00 they went down to recover the respirators and started their climb at 06:15, now using supplementary oxygen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 80], "content_span": [81, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071774-0007-0001", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition controversy, Desio's 1954 account of the climb\nAs they approached the summit their oxygen ran out unexpectedly early at a height somewhat above the altitude of  Broad Peak but overcoming their despair they went on towards the summit still carrying their oxygen sets because it would have been difficult and dangerous to remove them. They did not want to waste time over this and they could use them as a substantial marker for the summit. They reached the summit at 18:00 and set off down after 30 minutes as the sun was about to set.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 80], "content_span": [81, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071774-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition controversy, Desio's 1954 account of the climb\nCompagnoni published Uomini sul K2 in 1958 which accorded with Desio's version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 80], "content_span": [81, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071774-0009-0000", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition controversy, Bonatti's 1961 autobiography\nWhen Bonatti returned to Italy he was disappointed he had not been in the summit party but he had no idea about the cause of the ostracism he would suffer from other mountaineers in the coming decades. Until Bonatti protested, the 1955 feature film Italia K2 had been making no mention of carrying up the oxygen cylinders or the overnight bivouac. Aware that there was whispering behind his back, in 1961 he published his autobiography, Le mie montagne, which included his own account of the expedition. Over the next forty years he followed this up with a series of other books.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 75], "content_span": [76, 655]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071774-0010-0000", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition controversy, Bonatti's 1961 autobiography\nBy 1961 Bonatti was a considerable mountaineering hero and his autobiography was well received but its revelations did not make a big impact at the time. Regarding the K2 climb, Bonatti gave an account from his point of view (which differed from Desio's) but did not directly attack anyone. Bonatti claimed that at Camp VII he had come to realise that Compagnoni had been appointed to lead the summit attempt, though no one had actually told him this. Camp VIII had been sited lower than planned at 7,600 metres (25,000\u00a0ft).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 75], "content_span": [76, 600]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071774-0010-0001", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition controversy, Bonatti's 1961 autobiography\nOn 29 July Compagnoni and Lacedelli intended to climb to pitch a small assault tent at about 8,100 metres (26,600\u00a0ft) but without oxygen they could only dump their baggage at about 7,700 metres (25,300\u00a0ft) before returning to VIII. Bonatti and three other climbers set off from Camp VII to VIII carrying a large amount of supplies and some oxygen cylinders but only Bonatti and Pino Gallotti got through, carrying all four loads of supplies but leaving the oxygen well below Camp VIII.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 75], "content_span": [76, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071774-0011-0000", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition controversy, Bonatti's 1961 autobiography\nFor 30 July it was agreed Compagnoni and Lacedelli would establish Camp IX at about 8,000 metres (26,300\u00a0ft) though in the event they placed the camp at 8,100 metres (26,600\u00a0ft) at a site that was difficult to locate or reach. Bonatti and Gallotti descended 180 metres (600\u00a0ft) to attempt to bring the oxygen up past Camp VIII to the newly-established Camp IX, a climb of at least 490 metres (1,600\u00a0ft). In fact, as they reached the oxygen, they met Abram and two porters climbing up so they all went up to VIII. By that stage only Bonatti, Abram and Mahdi could contemplate continuing to Camp IX. Eventually Abram had to turn back and darkness fell before Bonatti and Mahdi could locate camp IX.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 75], "content_span": [76, 772]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071774-0012-0000", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition controversy, Bonatti's 1961 autobiography\nThey did not have sleeping bags or a tent and Mahdi was by now in a great panic, stumbling around the mountain slope \u2013 they would not be able to get back down to the lower camp and would have to endure an emergency overnight bivouac. Then a light shone a little above them and Lacedelli shouted to leave the oxygen and go down to Camp VIII. The light was turned off and, despite more shouting from those below, no more was heard from those at Camp IX.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 75], "content_span": [76, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071774-0012-0001", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition controversy, Bonatti's 1961 autobiography\nBonatti considered the tent had deliberately been positioned to be out of reach. At dawn Mahdi raced down but Bonatti waited until 06:00, in full daylight, before descending, still with no sign of the higher tent or anyone in it. He heard a shout from above but still couldn't see anyone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 75], "content_span": [76, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071774-0013-0000", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition controversy, Summary of claims about altitudes of locations high on K2\nBonatti said he had to descend 180 metres from Camp VIII to get the oxygen then the plan would have been to climb 490 metres to Camp IX but, because it had been sited higher, 670 metres.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 104], "content_span": [105, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071774-0014-0000", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition controversy, Defamation of Bonatti and aftermath, Defamation of Bonatti by Giglio\nOn the tenth anniversary of the expedition the mountaineering journalist Nino Giglio published two articles in a Turin newspaper basing his reports on interviews with Compagnoni and Lacedelli and said to be in response to Bonatti's book. Giglio claimed that Bonatti had on the night of 30\u201331 July not been trying to help his companions but had been secretly trying to beat Compagnoni and Lacedelli to the summit. Moreover, he had deceived Mahdi into accompanying him on this unsuccessful attempt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 115], "content_span": [116, 612]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071774-0014-0001", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition controversy, Defamation of Bonatti and aftermath, Defamation of Bonatti by Giglio\nHe had used up some of the bottled oxygen he was supposed to be transporting to Camp IX which was why it ran out early on the successful summit attempt. After Bonatti had shouted up to Camp IX he had refused the offers of help from the lead party and he had descended to Camp VIII leaving Mahdi stranded at the bivouac site so that he got severe frostbite. Compagnoni was quoted as offering to bury the hatchet if Bonatti owned up. In the second article the expedition's liaison officer Mohammad Ata-Ullah was quoted as confirming that Bonatti had tried to persuade Mahdi into joining in with the scheme.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 115], "content_span": [116, 720]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071774-0015-0000", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition controversy, Defamation of Bonatti and aftermath, Defamation of Bonatti by Giglio\nEven before the time of the newspaper articles such rumours had been believed in some Italian mountaineering circles and Bonatti's 1961 book had been regarded as an untruthful attempt to cover up his misdeeds. Bonatti sued Giglio for defamation and in 1966 he won in court.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 115], "content_span": [116, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071774-0015-0001", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition controversy, Defamation of Bonatti and aftermath, Defamation of Bonatti by Giglio\nBonatti's case was strong \u2013 Bonatti, Abram and Mahdi had only been carrying oxygen cylinders and did not have the breathing masks and valves which were up at Camp IX so a summit attempt like this was absurd; also, as confirmed by the climbers at Camp VIII, Mahdi had got down to Camp VIII slightly before Bonatti and had not been abandoned. The best argument by the defence was that Bonatti had admitted offering Mahdi inducements to climb higher and had written of fantasising about using the oxygen for himself. All the same, even after the court case Bonatti felt cold-shouldered as a liar and a disruptive element.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 115], "content_span": [116, 734]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071774-0016-0000", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition controversy, Defamation of Bonatti and aftermath, Bonatti's 1985 book \u2013 Robert Marshall's involvement\nBonatti's 1985 book, Processo al K2, gave details and transcripts of the court case and a detailed narrative of his version of what had occurred on the mountain, specifically saying Desio's 1954 version was untruthful. Based on the time from when he had seen Compagnoni or Lacedelli at Camp IX on the morning of 31 July to the time they reached the summit, he gave calculations that, he thought, showed there was plenty of oxygen for the ascent and so the claim that it ran out before the summit was false. This depended on discounting Compagnoni's statement that they broke camp at about 05:00 and accepting that Bonatti had heard a shout from someone near Camp IX somewhat before 07:00.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 135], "content_span": [136, 824]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071774-0017-0000", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition controversy, Defamation of Bonatti and aftermath, Bonatti's 1985 book \u2013 Robert Marshall's involvement\nAfter reading the book, an Australian surgeon, Robert Marshall, an armchair mountaineer who had long taken an interest in the K2 saga, began investigating. He taught himself Italian just for this purpose and started writing to Bonatti, eventually meeting him. He developed the theory that Compagnoni resented Bonatti, the young upstart, and had deliberately put Camp IX in a place Bonatti could not reach so that Bonatti would have no chance of being best fitted for the summit party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 135], "content_span": [136, 620]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071774-0017-0001", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition controversy, Defamation of Bonatti and aftermath, Bonatti's 1985 book \u2013 Robert Marshall's involvement\nHis theory was that when Mahdi had returned to base camp he told Ata-Ullah of the incitements for him to go as high as possible and about how his frostbite had been caused by the bivouac. Marshall supposed that Ata-Ullah had then confronted Desio demanding an explanation for Mahdi's mistreatment and that then Desio had questioned Compagnoni, his favourite climber, about the frostbite \u2013 Compagnoni laid the blame on Bonatti by playing along with the idea that Bonatti was trying for the summit and later went off down ahead of Mahdi. Marshall thought that, when speaking to the inquiry in Pakistan, Desio had laid the blame on Bonatti (believing this to be properly deserved) but encouraged a bland report to be produced so that Italian honour would be maintained.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 135], "content_span": [136, 902]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071774-0018-0000", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition controversy, Defamation of Bonatti and aftermath, Bonatti's 1985 book \u2013 Robert Marshall's involvement\nIn 1993 Marshall made a discovery of a photograph of Compagnoni (below) taken on the summit which had not been included in La Conquista del K2 where a much poorer image had been shown. According to Marshall Compagnoni has his oxygen set on the ground but he is wearing his breathing mask with its connecting tube still attached to the cylinders. This suggested that Compagnoni was still breathing supplementary oxygen on the summit. Also, the photograph that had been published of Lacedelli seemed to show frost marks on his beard consistent with his mask having recently been taken off (also below).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 135], "content_span": [136, 736]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071774-0019-0000", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition controversy, Defamation of Bonatti and aftermath, Bonatti's 1985 book \u2013 Robert Marshall's involvement\nMarshall wrote about the discrepancy shown by the photographs and in 1993 the Italian press, intrigued by the involvement of an Australian surgeon, took up the matter. The CAI offered to hear Bonatti on the matter but nothing came of the offer. In 1996 Bonatti published K2:Storia di un Caso dealing again with the court case and adding discussion about the photograph. The mountaineering press outside Italy began publishing sympathetic articles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 135], "content_span": [136, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071774-0020-0000", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition controversy, Defamation of Bonatti and aftermath, Bonatti's 1985 book \u2013 Robert Marshall's involvement\nBonatti published his second autobiography, Montagne di una vita in 1998 with Marshall's involvement who also translated the book as Mountains of my life  in 2001. It put forward his oxygen theory along with the photographic evidence and suggested the idea that Desio had believed the worst of Bonatti by accepting he had tried for a unilateral attempt on the summit, and treating him unfairly in the book while at the same time giving an account of a well organised expedition. Then Bonatti published K2, la verit\u00e0: storia di un caso in 2003 which included articles from many experts and journalists supporting Bonatti's case.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 135], "content_span": [136, 763]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071774-0021-0000", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition controversy, Defamation of Bonatti and aftermath, Lacedelli and Abram become involved after 50 years\nLacedelli, who had largely stayed out of the controversy, coincidentally published his own book K2: Il prezzo della conquista in 2004, the fiftieth anniversary of the climb and quite shortly after Desio's death. Desio is described as an autocratic bully who only got on with Compagnoni. Lacedelli said he had opposed the positioning of Camp IX and with hindsight thought it possible it was sited there to hinder any summit aspirations of Bonatti. They had left Camp IX at about 06:00 and set off with the oxygen at about 07:30. However, the oxygen had indeed run out but much nearer the summit than Compagnoni had claimed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 134], "content_span": [135, 757]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071774-0022-0000", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition controversy, Defamation of Bonatti and aftermath, Lacedelli and Abram become involved after 50 years\nEnrico Abram, a professional engineer who had been in charge of the expedition oxygen back in 1954 now wrote to Bonatti to say that the Italian cylinders had been leaking before the summit attempt. Because they also had German \"Dr\u00e4ger\" bottles that had not leaked Abram had selected those for the summit attempt and they had an extended life of 12 hours \u2013 two and a half hours longer than the time Compagnoni said they took to reach the summit. All the oxygen equipment was fitted with a simple on/off tap. When turned on the gas flowed at a fixed rate and, being open-circuit, did not depend on the climber's rate of breathing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 134], "content_span": [135, 763]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071774-0023-0000", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition controversy, Second official Club Alpino Italiano report\nIn 2004 Roberto Mantovani, editor of the prestigious journal Rivista delle Montagne and curator of Turin's Museo nazionale della montagna, with 24 eminent co-signatories, wrote an open letter to the CAI demanding an immediate inquiry so a report could be produced for the fiftieth anniversary celebrations. The CAI responded by setting up an inquiry under three eminent professors: I Tre Saggi, who reported very quickly in a way that almost entirely supported Bonatti and said the CAI should produce a new official account of the expedition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 90], "content_span": [91, 633]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071774-0024-0000", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition controversy, Second official Club Alpino Italiano report\nSo, over fifty years after K2 had been climbed, the CAI produced a book K2: una storia finita (CAI 2007), officially adopting and publishing the Tre Saggi recommendations and issuing their own statements in support. Mantovani himself wrote the section of the book which summarised the conclusions of the Tre Saggi and produced a new account of what was now accepted had happened on the mountain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 90], "content_span": [91, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071774-0024-0001", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition controversy, Second official Club Alpino Italiano report\nIn brief, this official account (upon which 1954 Italian Karakoram expedition to K2 article is based) was that (1) Camp IX had been placed 250 metres (820\u00a0ft) higher than agreed and on the far side of difficult rocks; (2) Mahdi eventually lost fingers and toes due to severe frostbite caused by the enforced bivouac; (3) after the overnight bivouac Mahdi set off down before Bonatti; (4) Compagnoni and Lacedelli started ascending with supplementary oxygen at about 08:30; (5) they were using Dr\u00e4ger bottles which guaranteed a supply for twelve hours; (6) the summit was reached slightly before 18:00 when there would have been a reserve of oxygen of at least two and a half hours.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 90], "content_span": [91, 772]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071774-0025-0000", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition controversy, Other experts' and journalists' views\nBonatti died in 2011, by then, according to Conefrey, \"a man acclaimed as one of, if not the, greatest mountaineers of the twentieth century\". In Italy there is little appetite to have further recriminations. Viesturs 2009 and Sale 2011 generally accept the revised account. A strong aspect supporting the revised account is the seeming unlikelihood of mountaineers carrying up empty oxygen sets when battling to reach an extreme summit. Another point of agreement is that Bonatti and Mahdi transporting the oxygen was a tremendous achievement, one that was vital to reaching the summit successfully at the time they did. However, some  mountaineering experts question whether the second CAI report is any more correct than the first one.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 84], "content_span": [85, 823]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071774-0026-0000", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition controversy, Other experts' and journalists' views\nThere remain difficulties. The argument that the oxygen must have lasted up to the summit supposes that there were no equipment failures \u2013 but there could have been leakages or blockages in the supply of what was often unreliable equipment. Also, there could be no certainty that Compagnoni and Lacedelli did not set off using oxygen earlier than 08:30 \u2013 Bonatti might simply have not seen them. Indeed, it is quite likely they would have made an early start.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 84], "content_span": [85, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071774-0026-0001", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition controversy, Other experts' and journalists' views\nWhen asked why he had still been wearing his oxygen mask on the summit, Compagnoni said that it was just to warm the atmospheric air. It transpires Abram was probably wrong in saying only German Dr\u00e4ger were used to the summit \u2013 Dr\u00e4ger bottles were blue (the Italian type were red) and the film taken on the summit shows one set of red and the other of blue.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 84], "content_span": [85, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071775-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition to K2\nOn 31 July 1954, Italian climbers Achille Compagnoni and Lino Lacedelli became the first people to reach the summit of K2, the second highest mountain in the world after Mount Everest, which had been summited for the first time the previous year. The expedition was led by Ardito Desio.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071775-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition to K2\nThere had been three earlier unsuccessful American attempts on the mountain but they had identified a good route to use. Desio felt Italy's earlier exploration of the Karakoram region gave good reason to mount a major expedition which he did on a grand scale, following the American route up the south-east ridge. Progress towards the summit was repeatedly interrupted by storms and one member of the team died rather unexpectedly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071775-0001-0001", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition to K2\nDesio considered abandoning the expedition so as to try again by  returning later in the year, but then weather conditions improved allowing them to edge closer to the top of the mountain. At last the two lead climbers reached the summit as the sun was about to set and they had to descend in the dark. They and two colleagues went on to suffer from severe frostbite.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071775-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition to K2\nThe fact that the summit had been reached was never doubted \u2013 Compagnoni and Lacedelli had been seen by their colleagues near the summit and they had taken photographs and even a movie film from the top \u2013 but all the same the expedition became mired in argument. The official 1954 account of the expedition eventually became discredited and after a prolonged controversy a second official account was published in 2007 which largely confirmed the claims another member of the expedition, Walter Bonatti, had been making for over fifty years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071775-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition to K2, Background, K2\nK2 is on the border between China and what was in 1954 the newly independent Pakistan. At 8,611 metres (28,251\u00a0ft) it is the highest point of the Karakoram range and the second highest mountain in the world. The mountain had been spotted in 1856 by the Great Trigonometrical Survey to Kashmir and by 1861 Henry Godwin-Austen had reached the Baltoro Glacier and was able to get a clear view of K2 from the slopes of Masherbrum. He could see the descending glacier eventually drained to the Indus River and so the mountain was in the British Empire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 55], "content_span": [56, 603]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071775-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition to K2, Background, K2\nThe first serious attempt to climb the mountain was in 1902 by a party including Aleister Crowley, later to become notorious as \"the Wickedest Man in the World\". The expedition examined ascent routes both north and south of the mountain and made best progress up the north-east ridge before they were forced to abandon their efforts. Since that time K2 has developed the reputation of being a more difficult mountain to climb than Mount Everest \u2013 every route to the summit is tough. K2 is farther north than the Himalayan mountains so the climate is colder; the Karakoram range is wider than the Himalayan so more ice and snow is trapped there.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 55], "content_span": [56, 700]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071775-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition to K2, Background, K2\nBefore the successful Italian ascent, the expedition that had previously climbed highest on K2 had been the 1939 American Karakoram expedition which reached 8,370 metres (27,450\u00a0ft).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 55], "content_span": [56, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071775-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition to K2, Background, Previous Italian expeditions in the Baltoro Muztagh Karakoram\nIn 1890 Roberto Lerco entered the Baltoro Muztagh region of the Karakoram. He reached the foot of K2 and may even have climbed a short way up its south-east spur but he did not leave an account of his journey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 114], "content_span": [115, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071775-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition to K2, Background, Previous Italian expeditions in the Baltoro Muztagh Karakoram\nIn 1909 the Duke of the Abruzzi expedition again explored various routes before reaching about 6,250 metres (20,510\u00a0ft) on the south-east ridge before deciding the mountain was unclimbable. This route later became known as the Abruzzi Ridge (or Abruzzi Spur) and eventually became regarded as the normal route to the summit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 114], "content_span": [115, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071775-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition to K2, Background, Previous Italian expeditions in the Baltoro Muztagh Karakoram\nIn 1929 Aimone di Savoia-Aosta, the nephew of the Duke of the Abruzzi, led an expedition to explore the upper Baltoro Glacier, near to K2. The geologist on the party was Ardito Desio and he came to feel that there was an Italian claim for attempts on the mountain. It was only in 1939 that Desio could interest Italy's governing body for mountaineering, the Club Alpino Italiano (CAI) and then World War II and the Partition of India delayed things further.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 114], "content_span": [115, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071775-0008-0001", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition to K2, Background, Previous Italian expeditions in the Baltoro Muztagh Karakoram\nIn 1952 Desio travelled to Pakistan as a preliminary for leading a full expedition in 1953 only to discover that the Americans had already booked the single climbing permit for that year. He returned in 1953 with Riccardo Cassin to reconnoitre the lower slopes of K2. At that time Cassin was the greatest Italian mountaineer there had been and yet in Desio's report of the reconnaissance Cassin is not mentioned except to say \"I had chosen Ricardo Cassin, a climber, to whose travelling expenses the Italian Alpine Club had generously contributed\". It was only after his return to Italy that Desio heard he had been granted the permit for the 1954 summit attempt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 114], "content_span": [115, 778]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071775-0009-0000", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition to K2, Preparation for 1954 expedition\nIn Rawalpindi, at the start of his 1953 visit to Pakistan, Desio had met Charlie Houston, leader of the unsuccessful 1953 American Karakoram expedition who was returning from K2. Both on the 1938 expedition and the 1953 expedition Houston had climbed the entire Abruzzi Ridge, scaling its most difficult cliffs, House's Chimney, and had been able to reach about 7,900 metres (26,000\u00a0ft) from where a feasible route to the summit could be observed. Even though the American was planning another attempt on the summit for 1954, he was generous in sharing his experience and photographs with Desio, an obvious rival.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 72], "content_span": [73, 686]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071775-0010-0000", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition to K2, Preparation for 1954 expedition\nDesio planned a far larger expedition than the American ones \u2013 the cost estimate of 100\u00a0million\u00a0lira (equivalent to US$1.5\u00a0million in 2020) was eight times greater than Houston's and three times greater than the successful 1953 British Everest expedition. It was sponsored by the CAI and it became a matter of national prestige, also involving the Italian Olympic Committee and the Italian National Research Council. The successes on Annapurna in 1950 and Mount Everest in 1953 had made an immense impact in France and Britain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 72], "content_span": [73, 600]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071775-0010-0001", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition to K2, Preparation for 1954 expedition\nDesio wrote \"the expedition will of necessity be organised along military lines\" \u2013 as in the 1950 French Annapurna expedition the climbers were all required to formally pledge allegiance to their leader. Scientific research \u2013  geography and geology \u2013 was to be as important as reaching the top of the mountain. Indeed, it seems that Desio, professor of geology at Milan, held climbers in rather low regard.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 72], "content_span": [73, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071775-0011-0000", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition to K2, Preparation for 1954 expedition\nThere were to be eleven climbers, all of them Italian, none of whom had been to Himalaya before: Enrico Abram (32 years), Ugo Angelino (32), Walter Bonatti (24), Achille Compagnoni (40), Cirillo Floreanini (30), Pino Gallotti (36), Lino Lacedelli (29), Mario Puchoz (36), Ubaldo Rey (31), Gino Sold\u00e0 (47) and Sergio Viotto (26). There were ten Pakistani Hunza high-altitude porters, with Amir Mahdi (41) turning out to be the most prominent. Also on the team was a filmmaker, Mario Fantin and the doctor was Guido Pagani.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 72], "content_span": [73, 594]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071775-0011-0001", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition to K2, Preparation for 1954 expedition\nThe scientific team, in addition to Desio (who was 57 years old), comprised Paolo Graziosi (ethnographer), Antonio Marussi (geophysicist), Bruno Zanettin (petrologist) and Francesco Lombardi (topographer). Muhammad Ata-Ullah was the Pakistani liaison officer. Riccardo Cassin, the pre-eminent Italian Alpinist, had been nominated by the CAI as climbing leader but after Desio's rigorous selection procedures he was rejected, supposedly on medical grounds but it was speculated that it was really to avoid Desio being outshone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 72], "content_span": [73, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071775-0012-0000", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition to K2, Preparation for 1954 expedition\nThe plan was for nearly 5 kilometres (3\u00a0mi) of fixed nylon ropes to be placed up the complete length of the Abruzzi Ridge and some way beyond and, where possible, loads on sledges were to be winched along these ropes. Each camp was to be fully established before the next higher camp was occupied. Open-circuit oxygen systems were used and they were equipped with two-way radio.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 72], "content_span": [73, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071775-0013-0000", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition to K2, Preparation for 1954 expedition\nThe expedition left Italy by air in April 1954 and the baggage, which went by sea, arrived in Karachi on 13 April and then travelled by rail to Rawalpindi.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 72], "content_span": [73, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071775-0014-0000", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition to K2, Official published accounts of the climb\nDesio wrote the official account of the ascent in his 1954 book La Conquista del K2 but this account was disputed over many years by Bonatti and, eventually, Lacedelli and others. That Compagnoni and Lacedelli had reached the summit of K2 was not in dispute \u2013 at issue was the extent to which they had depended on support from other climbers high on the mountain, how they had treated Bonatti and Madhi, whether they used oxygen all the way to the top, and whether Desio's book was accurate and fair.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 81], "content_span": [82, 582]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071775-0014-0001", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition to K2, Official published accounts of the climb\nThe matter became increasingly controversial with a great deal of press criticism, often uninformed. Desio died in 2001 at the age of 104 and eventually in 2004 the CAI appointed three experts, called \"I Tre Saggi\" (the three wise men), to investigate. They produced a 39-page report in April 2004, but the CAI delayed until 2007 its publication of K2 \u2013 Una Storia Finita which included and accepted the Tre Saggi report.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 81], "content_span": [82, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071775-0015-0000", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition to K2, Official published accounts of the climb\nThe account of the climb given here is based on recent sources which have been able to take account of the CAI's second official report, K2 \u2013 Una Storia Finita (2007). The scientific (geographical and geological) aspects of the expedition are not covered nor is the controversy which went on for over fifty years after the return to Italy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 81], "content_span": [82, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071775-0016-0000", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition to K2, Approach to K2\nAfter delays due to poor weather, on 27 April the expedition flew by DC-3 from Rawalpindi to Skardu. Desio took the opportunity of using the aircraft to survey the region's topography and snow conditions, which seemed similar to those in Houston's photographs of the previous year. The mountains were higher than the aircraft's service ceiling so they needed to circumnavigate K2. The scientific party then departed on their separate itinerary. Five hundred locally appointed Balti porters carried over 12 metric tons (13 short tons) of equipment, including 230 oxygen cylinders, via Askole and Concordia towards Base Camp on the Godwin-Austen Glacier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 55], "content_span": [56, 708]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071775-0017-0000", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition to K2, Approach to K2\nBetween Skardu and Askole several bridges had been built in the previous year so this part of the journey was much quicker than before. After Askole they were unable to buy food locally for the porters so they needed to hire another hundred men simply to carry flour for the main porters to make their chapatis. So as to minimise weight, Desio had provided little for the porters apart from food, a blanket each, and tarpaulins to be used as tents. They had no protective clothes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 55], "content_span": [56, 536]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071775-0017-0001", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition to K2, Approach to K2\nUnfortunately there was bad weather \u2013 snow as well as heavy rain whereas the previous year the weather had been fine and sunny \u2013 the porters started refusing to go on, even after being offered backsheesh. At Urdukas 120 porters turned back and the others halted \u2013 next morning some porters wandered back down and nobody would proceed. On Ata-Ullah's advice the sahibs went on ahead and, for a while, the porters disconsolately followed at a distance. Then there was a critical problem.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 55], "content_span": [56, 541]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071775-0017-0002", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition to K2, Approach to K2\nThe sun came out and, with it shining on the snow, the porters were struck with snow blindness. Snow goggles had been brought for them but half of them had been left behind to save weight. When eventually only one porter remained with the party they had to recruit fresh porters from back at Askole. By the time they had struggled to get Base Camp established on 28 May they had been delayed by fifteen days.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 55], "content_span": [56, 464]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071775-0018-0000", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition to K2, Line of ascent of K2\nThe route to be taken was the same as for the American expeditions with camps planned for similar locations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 61], "content_span": [62, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071775-0019-0000", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition to K2, Line of ascent of K2\nThe Abruzzi Ridge can be climbed by strong climbers from Base Camp up to Camp VI in a few hours of good weather but it can also be a dangerous place to be. Between Camp IV and Camp VII the ridge is sharp, steep and unrelenting with exposure and rockfall being problems on the lower section. Strong winds can be a major difficulty \u2013 K2 partly protects the major eight-thousanders to the south but is itself very exposed to storms.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 61], "content_span": [62, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071775-0020-0000", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition to K2, Progress on the mountain, Ascending the mountain\nBy 16 June Camp IV was established at the foot of House's Chimney, using the winch to haul supplies up to Camp II. In 1953 Houston's party had found the Hunzas to be better on the mountain than had been expected. However, Desio felt let down \u2013 part of the difficulty was that English was their only language in common and, apart from Desio himself, no one was fluent in English.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 89], "content_span": [90, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071775-0020-0001", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition to K2, Progress on the mountain, Ascending the mountain\nTragedy struck the expedition at an early stage: after Puchoz had descended to Camp II he developed problems with his throat and his condition deteriorated until, despite good medical treatment and ample medicines and oxygen, he died with symptoms of pneumonia on 21 June. The next day everyone descended to Base Camp just as a fierce snow storm erupted. When the storm abated they were able to recover Puchoz's body to Base Camp and on 27 June they ascended to bury him beside the memorial cairn to Art Gilkey who had died on the 1953 American expedition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 89], "content_span": [90, 646]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071775-0021-0000", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition to K2, Progress on the mountain, Ascending the mountain\nThe expedition was by now almost a month behind schedule so Desio announced that the climb should be resumed immediately after the funeral. However, apart from Compagnoni, none of the climbers were willing to do this and Abram spoke up on their behalf. Desio had an authoritarian approach to leadership (behind his back he was called \"il Ducetto\", \"little Mussolini\"). He was in the habit of issuing written encouragements and orders. For example, on one occasion he pinned up a notice:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 89], "content_span": [90, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071775-0022-0000", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition to K2, Progress on the mountain, Ascending the mountain\n\"Remember if you succeed in scaling the peak \u2013 as I am confident you will \u2013 the entire world will hail you as champions of your race and your fame will endure throughout your lives and long after you're dead. Thus even if you never achieve anything else of note, you will be able to say that you have not lived in vain.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 89], "content_span": [90, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071775-0023-0000", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition to K2, Progress on the mountain, Ascending the mountain\nWhen interviewed later about it Lacedelli said \"We just ignored him and got on with it\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 89], "content_span": [90, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071775-0024-0000", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition to K2, Progress on the mountain, Ascending the mountain\nThe climbers again spread out across the various camps and Compagnoni and Rey scaled House's Chimney but then another storm confined everyone to their tents. On 5 July, Compagnoni (who Desio had nominated to lead the high-level climbing), Abram and Gallotti established Camp V and then two days later reached Camp VI with fixed ropes now running all the way up from Camp I. They used the ropes from the 1953 expedition to reach camp VII although, on descending, the ropes slipped from their anchor points causing Floreanini to fall 200 metres (700\u00a0ft) but suffering no very serious injury.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 89], "content_span": [90, 679]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071775-0025-0000", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition to K2, Progress on the mountain, Ascending the mountain\nOn 18 July Compagnoni and Rey, followed by Bonatti and Lacedelli, set ropes as high as the American Camp VIII at the base of the summit plateau. Camp VI had been at the site of the American Camp VII but they moved it higher to avoid what they considered was a dangerous location. Successive severe storms made progress much slower than expected and Desio wrote to the CAI saying he was contemplating returning to Italy and staging a new assault in the autumn with a smaller team of fresh climbers, but using the existing fixed ropes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 89], "content_span": [90, 623]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071775-0025-0001", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition to K2, Progress on the mountain, Ascending the mountain\nBut then the weather improved. On 28 July Camp VIII was established at 7,627 metres (25,023\u00a0ft) for a summit attempt by Compagnoni and Lacedelli. Next day they climbed higher but, unable to find a good location for their highest camp, Camp IX, they left their rucksacks and returned to Camp VIII, now realising they would need supplementary oxygen for the summit. The place where they had been trying to set Camp IX was beside a wall of ice at 8,000 metres (26,000\u00a0ft), beside what later became known as the Bottleneck.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 89], "content_span": [90, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071775-0025-0002", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition to K2, Progress on the mountain, Ascending the mountain\nAlso on 29 July four climbers at Camp VII went up with two oxygen sets (each weighing 18 kilograms (40\u00a0lb)), a tent and extra food towards Camp VIII but Abram and Rey had to turn back and only Bonatti and Gallotti got there \u2013 they had needed to abandon the oxygen sets at about 7,400 metres (24,300\u00a0ft). By evening Mahdi and Isakhan reached Camp VII.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 89], "content_span": [90, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071775-0026-0000", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition to K2, Progress on the mountain, Preparing for the summit attempt\nFor 30 July the four men at Camp VIII agreed that while Compagnoni and Lacedelli would climb to try to establish Camp IX, Bonatti and Gallotti would descend to fetch the oxygen just above Camp VII and then carry the heavy oxygen equipment all the way up to Camp IX, via Camp VIII. The fetching of the oxygen would be a far greater challenge than the establishment of the high camp \u2013 it would involve a descent of 180 metres (600\u00a0ft) followed by an ascent of 490 metres (1,600\u00a0ft).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 99], "content_span": [100, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071775-0026-0001", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition to K2, Progress on the mountain, Preparing for the summit attempt\nThey would tell climbers at Camp VII to bring up more supplies to VIII. Meanwhile, Compagnoni and Lacedelli would establish Camp IX at a lower level of 7,900 metres (25,900\u00a0ft) to reduce the height the oxygen needed to be carried. In the event they established their high camp not at the lower level, where there was deep powdery snow, but at 8,150 metres (26,740\u00a0ft) across a difficult traverse over dangerous slab rocks which took almost an hour to achieve. They had very little food and, although they had oxygen masks with them, not the actual gas cylinders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 99], "content_span": [100, 662]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071775-0027-0000", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition to K2, Progress on the mountain, Preparing for the summit attempt\nBonatti, Gallotti, Abram, Mahdi and Isakhan all met and reached Camp VIII by noon on 30 July. At 15:30 Bonatti, Abram and Mahdi went on with the oxygen cylinders towards Camp IX. The Hunzas had not been provided with high-altitude boots and to induce Mahdi to go on higher Bonatti had offered him a cash bonus and had also hinted that he might be allowed to go right up to the summit. They went without a tent or sleeping bags.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 99], "content_span": [100, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071775-0027-0001", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition to K2, Progress on the mountain, Preparing for the summit attempt\nAt about 16:30 they shouted and heard a reply from the summit team at Camp IX but could not locate them nor see any tracks to follow. They climbed higher but by 18:30 the sun was setting and Abram had to go down because of frostbite. They now could see tracks in the snow but still no tent and it would be dark imminently. Mahdi was starting to panic. On dangerous terrain sloping at 50\u00b0 and still with the heavy oxygen sets they called again but had to come to a halt at 8,100 metres (26,600\u00a0ft).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 99], "content_span": [100, 597]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071775-0028-0000", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition to K2, Progress on the mountain, Preparing for the summit attempt\nBonatti dug out a small step in the ice in preparation for an emergency overnight bivouac without a tent or sleeping bags. After more shouting, at 22:00 a flashlight shone from quite nearby and slightly higher up the mountain and they could hear Lacedelli shouting to tell them to leave the oxygen and go back down. After that the light went out and there was silence. Bonatti and Mahdi spent the rest of the night in the open until at 05:30, against Bonatti's advice, Mahdi started going down by himself in the dark to Camp VIII. Bonatti waited until about 06:30 when it was getting light before he dug the oxygen sets out of the snow and descended. While he was going down he heard a shout from somewhere above but could not see anyone. Mahdi reached Camp VIII only slightly before Bonatti at about 07:30.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 99], "content_span": [100, 907]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071775-0029-0000", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition to K2, Progress on the mountain, Reaching the summit\nAt about 06:30\u201306:45 on 31 July Compagnoni and Lacedelli left their tent and saw someone (they could not tell who) descending and were shocked to think they must have spent the night in the open. They recovered the gas cylinders between about 07:15 and 07:45, and from there set off for the summit at about 08:30, now breathing supplementary oxygen. To save weight they abandoned their rucksacks and, for nourishment, only took sweets. The route through the Bottleneck was blocked with snow and they could not climb the cliffs as Wiessner had done in 1939.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 86], "content_span": [87, 643]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071775-0029-0001", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition to K2, Progress on the mountain, Reaching the summit\nEventually they found a line close to Wiessner's up though mixed ice and rock. The people below at Camp VIII were briefly able to see them ascending the final slope just before Compagnoni and Lacedelli reached the summit arm in arm at about 18:00, Saturday, 31 July. Gallotti wrote in his diary:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 86], "content_span": [87, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071775-0030-0000", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition to K2, Progress on the mountain, Reaching the summit\n\"On the final slope, which was incredibly steep looking, first one tiny dot, and then a second, slowly made their way up. I may see many more things in this life, but nothing will ever move me in this same way. I cried silently, the teardrops falling on my chest.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 86], "content_span": [87, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071775-0031-0000", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition to K2, Progress on the mountain, Reaching the summit\nThey took a few photos and a brief movie film as the sun was setting. Lacedelli wanted to go down as soon as possible but Compagnoni said he wanted to spend the night on the summit. Only after being threatened with Lacedelli's ice-axe did he turn to descend.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 86], "content_span": [87, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071775-0032-0000", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition to K2, Progress on the mountain, Descending the mountain\nIn the darkness they headed down this time descending Bottleneck Couloir and after a while their oxygen ran out. They had great difficulty crossing a crevasse and descending the ice wall just above Camp VIII and both men fell but  eventually their companions heard their shouts and emerged to help them back to Camp VIII just after 23:00. Next day, in poor weather, they descended the fixed ropes to Camp IV by 11:00. By 2 August everyone was back at Base Camp. Compagnoni, Lacedelli and Bonatti had serious frostbite to their hands but Mahdi's feet were also affected and his condition was much worse.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 90], "content_span": [91, 693]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071775-0033-0000", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition to K2, Return home\nOn 3 August the news of the success reached Italy but, in accordance with an earlier collective agreement suggested by Floreanini, the names of the climbers who had reached the summit was kept secret. Their triumph was very big news in Italy, but internationally it made less impact than the previous year's ascent of Everest, which had been boosted by the coronation of Elizabeth II. After some recuperation the party left base camp on 11 August with Compagnoni going ahead, wanting to hasten to Italy for hospital treatment. Lacedelli, with Pagnini's medical support, preferred to take things more slowly to try to avoid unnecessary amputations of his fingers. Mahdi was much the worst affected and went to hospital in Skardu, eventually having nearly all his fingers and toes amputated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 52], "content_span": [53, 842]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071775-0034-0000", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition to K2, Return home\nThe press speculated, mostly correctly, on who had been in the summit party so when Compagnoni flew into Rome in early September he was treated as a hero. The main party arrived at Genoa by sea later in September and Desio flew in to Rome in October. At the height of the celebrations on 12 October Desio announced the names of those who had reached the summit. This news flopped because it had been repeatedly reported (through speculation) for months. Earlier the CAI, while still refusing to name who they were, had published a photo of Compagnoni and Lacedelli on the summit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 52], "content_span": [53, 632]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071775-0035-0000", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition to K2, Return home\nHowever, before the party had left Pakistan, a scandal had been making headlines in the subcontinent's press. Mahdi had been reported as saying he had been within 30 metres (100\u00a0ft) of the summit but his two Italian companions had not allowed him to go any higher. This received very little attention internationally but the matter was serious enough for the Italian ambassador to Karachi to hold an inquiry. He did not speak to Mahdi but interviewed the Italians involved as well as Ata-Ullah, the liaison officer, to whom Mahdi had made his complaints.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 52], "content_span": [53, 607]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071775-0035-0001", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition to K2, Return home\nThe report concluded that no porters had been near the summit; Bonatti and Mahdi turned back below Camp IX leaving the oxygen respirators; and Mahdi had been wild and undisciplined trying to escape the bivouac. This satisfied the Pakistan government and even the press calmed down. However, it was only very many years later that Bonatti came to believe that in reality Desio regarded the report as a cover-up (one that Desio approved of) for what he believed had been Bonatti's attempt to sabotage the expedition. This was to cause repercussions over the next fifty years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 52], "content_span": [53, 626]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071775-0036-0000", "contents": "1954 Italian Karakoram expedition to K2, Return home\nIt was not until 1977 that the summit of K2 was reached again, by a well equipped, relatively modern Japanese expedition, with fifty-nine climbers and 1500 porters, who again took the Abruzzi ridge.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 52], "content_span": [53, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071776-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Italian Somaliland local elections\nLocal elections were held in Trust Territory of Somaliland in May 1954 to elect members of 35 municipalities. The Somali Youth League won just over half of the 281 seats up for election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071776-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Italian Somaliland local elections, Campaign\nA total of 15 parties and organisations contested the elections:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 49], "content_span": [50, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071777-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Japan Series\nThe 1954 Japan Series was the Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) championship series for the 1954 season. It was the fifth Japan Series and featured the Pacific League champions, the Nishitetsu Lions, against the Central League champions, the Chunichi Dragons. This would be the Dragons' last championship until 2007, when they defeated the Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071777-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Japan Series, Matchups, Game 1\nSaturday, October 30, 1954 \u2013 1:34 pm at Nagoya Baseball Stadium in Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071777-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Japan Series, Matchups, Game 2\nSunday, October 31, 1954 \u2013 1:34 pm at Nagoya Baseball Stadium in Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071777-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Japan Series, Matchups, Game 3\nTuesday, November 2, 1954 \u2013 1:36 pm at Heiwadai Stadium in Fukuoka, Fukuoka Prefecture", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071777-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Japan Series, Matchups, Game 4\nWednesday, November 3, 1954 \u2013 1:35 pm at Heiwadai Stadium in Fukuoka, Fukuoka Prefecture", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071777-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Japan Series, Matchups, Game 5\nThursday, November 4, 1954 \u2013 1:32 pm at Heiwadai Stadium in Fukuoka, Fukuoka Prefecture", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071777-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 Japan Series, Matchups, Game 6\nSaturday, November 6, 1954 \u2013 1:33 pm at Nagoya Baseball Stadium in Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071777-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 Japan Series, Matchups, Game 7\nSunday, November 7, 1954 \u2013 1:32 pm at Nagoya Baseball Stadium in Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071778-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Jordan League\nThe 1954 Jordan League was the 9th season of Jordan Premier League, the top-flight league for Jordanian association football clubs. The championship was won by Al-Ahli.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071779-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Jordanian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Jordan on 16 October 1954, the first that political parties were allowed to contest. The result was a victory for independent candidates, which won 38 of the 40 seats, with the other two going to the Liberal Party and the Umma Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071780-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Kansas Jayhawks football team\nThe 1954 Kansas Jayhawks football team represented the University of Kansas in the Big Seven Conference during the 1954 college football season. In their first season under head coach Chuck Mather, the Jayhawks compiled a 0\u201310 record (0\u20136 against conference opponents), the first winless season in school history. They would not have another winless season until 2015. Kansas finished last in the Big Seven Conference, and were outscored by all opponents by a combined total of 377 to 93. They played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lawrence, Kansas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071780-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Kansas Jayhawks football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Bud Laughlin with 339 rushing yards and Bev Buller with 303 passing yards. Bud Bixler was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071781-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Kansas State Wildcats football team\nThe 1954 Kansas State Wildcats football team represented Kansas State University in the 1954 college football season. The team's head football coach was Bill Meek, in his fourth and final year at the helm of the Wildcats. The Wildcats played their home games in Memorial Stadium. The Wildcats finished the season with a 7\u20133 record with a 3\u20133 record in conference play. They finished in fifth place in the Big Seven Conference. The Wildcats scored 191 points and gave up 154 points. The Wildcats did not outscore their opponents again until 1969. 1954 was Kansas State's last winning season until 1970.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 642]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071782-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Kansas gubernatorial election\nThe 1954 Kansas gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1954. Republican nominee Fred Hall defeated Democratic nominee George Docking with 52.98% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071783-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Kategoria e Dyt\u00eb\nThe 1954 Kategoria e Dyt\u00eb was the 10th season of a second-tier Association football league in Albania. The season started in March and ended in August. The Second Division 1954 sees the participation of 48 teams divided into 8 groups, whose winners play the second phase in 2 groups of four.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071783-0000-0001", "contents": "1954 Kategoria e Dyt\u00eb\nThe first two classified play the final for the division title and are promoted together with the second of the two final groups, but instead of the team of the Physical Education Technical School Vojo Kushi from Tirana, the Tekstilisti \"Stalin\" Yzberish from the capital is admitted to the First Division. Dinamo Shkod\u00ebr wins the division champion title by beating Puna Gjirokast\u00ebr in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071783-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Kategoria e Dyt\u00eb, First round, Group 1\nDinamo Shkod\u00ebr won the group and advanced to the next round", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 43], "content_span": [44, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071783-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Kategoria e Dyt\u00eb, First round, Group 2\nPhysical Education Technical School Vojo Kushi won the group and advanced to the next round", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 43], "content_span": [44, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071783-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Kategoria e Dyt\u00eb, First round, Group 3\nPuna Fier won the group and advanced to the next round", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 43], "content_span": [44, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071783-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Kategoria e Dyt\u00eb, First round, Group 4\nPuna Peqin won the group and advanced to the next round", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 43], "content_span": [44, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071783-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Kategoria e Dyt\u00eb, First round, Group 5\nPuna Gjirokast\u00ebr won the group and advanced to the next round", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 43], "content_span": [44, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071783-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 Kategoria e Dyt\u00eb, First round, Group 6\nSpartaku Pogradec won the group and advanced to the next round", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 43], "content_span": [44, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071783-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 Kategoria e Dyt\u00eb, First round, Group 7\nPuna Shijak won the group and advanced to the next round", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 43], "content_span": [44, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071783-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 Kategoria e Dyt\u00eb, First round, Group 8\nPuna Berat won the group and advanced to the next round", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 43], "content_span": [44, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071784-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Kent State Golden Flashes football team\nThe 1954 Kent State Golden Flashes football team was an American football team that represented Kent State University  in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1954 college football season. In their ninth season under head coach Trevor J. Rees, the Golden Flashes compiled an 8\u20132 record (4\u20131 against MAC opponents), finished in second place in the MAC, lost to Delaware in the Refrigerator Bowl, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 331 to 130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 510]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071784-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Kent State Golden Flashes football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Lou Mariano with 1,037 rushing yards, Bob Stimac with 434 passing yards, and Bill Whitley with 239 receiving yards. Offensive tackle Joe Barbee was selected as a first-team All-MAC player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071785-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Kentucky Derby\nThe 1954 Kentucky Derby was the 80th running of the Kentucky Derby. The race took place on May 1, 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071786-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Kentucky Wildcats football team\nThe 1954 Kentucky Wildcats football team represented the University of Kentucky in the 1954 college football season. The team scored 151 points while allowing 125 points. This was Blanton Collier's first season as Kentucky's head coach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071787-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1954 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship was the 60th staging of the Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Kilkenny County Board.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071787-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship\nOn 10 October 1954, Slieverue won the championship after a 6-05 to 4-03 defeat of Tullaroan in the final. It was their first ever championship title. It remains their only championship title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071788-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Kukarkin\n1954 Kukarkin (prov. designation: 1952 PH) is an asteroid and slow rotator on an eccentric orbit from the outer regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 15 August 1952, by Russian astronomer Pelageya Shajn at Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula. The asteroid has a exceptionally long rotation period of 136.4 hours and measures approximately 30 kilometers (19 miles) in diameter. It was named after astronomer Boris Kukarkin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071788-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Kukarkin, Orbit and classification\nKukarkin orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.0\u20133.9\u00a0AU once every 5.03 years (1,838 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.31 and an inclination of 15\u00b0 with respect to the ecliptic. No precoveries were taken prior to its discovery.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 39], "content_span": [40, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071788-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Kukarkin, Naming\nThis minor planet is named after stellar astronomer Boris Vasilyevich Kukarkin (1909\u20131977), a well-known specialist for variable stars, the structure of stellar systems, and professor at Moscow State University. Kukarkin started and edited the General Catalogue of Variable Stars that was first published in 1948. He also served as vice-president of the Astronomical Council of Academy of Sciences of the USSR as well as of the International Astronomical Union and was the president of its Commission 27. The approved naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 1 June 1980 (M.P.C. 5358).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 21], "content_span": [22, 626]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071788-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Kukarkin, Physical characteristics\nKukarkin is a slow rotator, with a long period of 136.40\u00b10.03 hours, measured at Los Algarrobos Observatory, Uruguay (I38) during a favorable opposition in 2012. The well-defined rotational lightcurve had brightness variation of 0.8\u00b10.05 magnitude (U=3-).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 39], "content_span": [40, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071788-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Kukarkin, Physical characteristics\nWhile observations taken by NEOWISE gave an albedo of 0.2608\u00b10.0155 and a diameter of 13.659\u00b10.309 kilometers, the Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for a carbonaceous C-type asteroid of 0.057 and calculates a significantly larger diameter of 30.6 kilometers, as the lower the albedo, the larger the body's diameter at a constant absolute magnitude.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 39], "content_span": [40, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071789-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 LFF Lyga\nThe 1954 LFF Lyga was the 33rd season of the LFF Lyga football competition in Lithuania. It was contested by 12 teams, and Inkaras Kaunas won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071790-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 LPGA Tour\nThe 1954 LPGA Tour was the fifth season since the LPGA Tour officially began in 1950. The season ran from January 15 to October 31. The season consisted of 21 official money events. Louise Suggs and Babe Zaharias won the most tournaments, five each. Patty Berg led the money list with earnings of $16,011.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071790-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 LPGA Tour\nThere was only one first-time winner in 1954, Marilynn Smith.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 76]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071790-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 LPGA Tour, Tournament results\nThe following table shows all the official money events for the 1954 season. \"Date\" is the ending date of the tournament. The numbers in parentheses after the winners' names are the number of wins they had on the tour up to and including that event. Majors are shown in bold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 34], "content_span": [35, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071791-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 LSU Tigers football team\nThe 1954 LSU Tigers football team represented Louisiana State University during the 1954 college football season. Under head coach Gaynell Tinsley, the Tigers had a record of 5\u20136 with a Southeastern Conference (SEC) record of 2\u20135. It was Tinsley's final season as head coach at LSU.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071792-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 La Fl\u00e8che Wallonne\nThe 1954 La Fl\u00e8che Wallonne was the 18th edition of La Fl\u00e8che Wallonne cycle race and was held on 8 May 1954. The race started in Charleroi and finished in Li\u00e8ge. The race was won by Germain Derycke.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071793-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election\nElections to the Labour Party's Shadow Cabinet (more formally, its \"Parliamentary Committee\") occurred in 1954. In addition to the 12 members elected, the Leader (Clement Attlee), Deputy Leader (Herbert Morrison), Labour Chief Whip (William Whiteley), Labour Leader in the House of Lords (William Jowitt) were automatically members.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071794-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Lady Wigram Trophy\nThe 1954 Lady Wigram Trophy was a motor race held at the Wigram Airfield Circuit on 6 February 1954. It was the third Lady Wigram Trophy to be held and was won by Peter Whitehead in the Ferrari 125, thereby becoming the first international driver to win the Lady Wigram Trophy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071795-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Lafayette Leopards baseball team\nThe 1954 Lafayette Leopards baseball team represented Lafayette College in the 1954 NCAA baseball season. The Leopards played their home games at Fisher Field. The team was coached by Charlie Gelbert in his 9th year at Lafayette.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071795-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Lafayette Leopards baseball team\nThe Leopards won the District II Playoff to advanced to the College World Series, where they were defeated by the Oklahoma A&M Cowboys.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071796-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Lafayette Leopards football team\nThe 1954 Lafayette Leopards football team was an American football team that represented Lafayette College during the 1954 college football season. Lafayette tied for the Middle Three Conference championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071796-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Lafayette Leopards football team\nIn their third year under head coach Steve Hokuf, the Leopards compiled a 4\u20135 record. In the Middle Three Conference, all three teams finished with 1\u20131 records, resulting in a three-way tie. Russell Hedden was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071796-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Lafayette Leopards football team\nLafayette played its home games at Fisher Field on College Hill in Easton, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071797-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Latvian SSR Higher League, Overview\nIt was contested by 10 teams, and Sarkanais Metalurgs won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071798-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Leeds City Council election\nThe Leeds municipal elections were held on Thursday 14 May 1954, with one third of the council up for election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071798-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Leeds City Council election\nDespite a further swing away from Labour to the Conservatives of 3.7%, leaving both parties neck and neck in votes, Labour continued on to their third and final gains unabated in the wards of Armley, Blenheim, Bramley, Cross Gates, Stanningley, Westfield, and Woodhouse, comfortably winning the majority of seats. The swing however helped the Conservatives to hold on to Wortley, unlike previous years. As such Labour doubled its majority on the council as part of a victorious night on the whole for them. Turnout for the election sunk below the 40% mark for the first time in the post-war period, to 39.2%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 641]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071798-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Leeds City Council election, Election result\nThe result had the following consequences for the total number of seats on the council after the elections:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 49], "content_span": [50, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071799-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Lehigh Engineers football team\nThe 1954 Lehigh Engineers football team was an American football team that represented Lehigh University during the 1954 college football season. Lehigh tied for the Middle Three Conference championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071799-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Lehigh Engineers football team\nIn their ninth year under head coach William Leckonby, the Engineers compiled a 2\u20135\u20132 record. In the Middle Three Conference, all three teams finished with 1\u20131 records. Harry Stotz was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071799-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Lehigh Engineers football team\nLehigh played its home games at Taylor Stadium on the university's main campus in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071800-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Leichhardt state by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Leichhardt on 9 July 1954 because of the death of Claude Matthews (Labor) who committed suicide while still in office. He had been receiving treatment for a \"nervous condition\" for 18 months.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071801-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Liechtenstein fishing licences referendum\nA referendum on fishing licences was held in Liechtenstein on 3 October 1954. Voters had the choice between the main proposal, a counter-proposal from the Landtag, or against. The main proposal was approved by 61.1% of voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071802-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1954 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship was the 60th staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Limerick County Board in 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071802-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship\nCappamore won the championship after a 2-11 to 3-05 defeat of Western Gaels in the final. It was their second championship title overall and their first title in fifty years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071803-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Little League World Series\nThe 1954 Little League World Series was held from August 24 to August 27 in Williamsport, Pennsylvania. The Schenectady Little League of Schenectady, New York, defeated the Colton Little League of Colton, California, in the championship game of the eighth Little League World Series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071804-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Liverpool City Council election\nElections to Liverpool City Council were held on 13 May 1954. After the election, the composition of the council was:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071804-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Liverpool City Council election, Ward results\nThe Councillors seeking re-election at this election were elected in the all up election in 1953 (following boundary changes) with the third highest number of votes in each ward for a one year term, therefore comparisons are made with the 1953 election results.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 50], "content_span": [51, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071805-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Liverpool West Derby by-election\nThe 1954 Liverpool West Derby by-election was held on 18 November 1954 after the incumbent Conservative MP, David Maxwell Fyfe was elevated to a hereditary peerage. The seat was retained by the Conservative candidate John Woollam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071806-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Li\u00e8ge\u2013Bastogne\u2013Li\u00e8ge\nThe 1954 Li\u00e8ge\u2013Bastogne\u2013Li\u00e8ge was the 40th edition of the Li\u00e8ge\u2013Bastogne\u2013Li\u00e8ge cycle race and was held on 9 May 1954. The race started and finished in Li\u00e8ge. The race was won by Marcel Ernzer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071807-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Los Angeles Rams season\nThe 1954 Los Angeles Rams season was the team's 17th year with the National Football League and the ninth season in Los Angeles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071807-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Los Angeles Rams season, Schedule, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 49], "content_span": [50, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071808-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Los Angeles State Diablos football team\nThe 1954 Los Angeles State Diablos football team represented Los Angeles State during the 1954 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071808-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Los Angeles State Diablos football team\nLos Angeles State competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA). The team was led by fourth-year head coach Leonard (Bud) Adams, who had been the leader of the team since the school started playing intercollegiate football in 1951. The Diablos played home games at Snyder Stadium. They finished the season with a record of two wins, six losses and one tie (2\u20136\u20131, 0\u20134 CCAA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071808-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Los Angeles State Diablos football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Los Angeles State players were selected in the 1955 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 69], "content_span": [70, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071809-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football team\nThe 1954 Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football team was an American football team that represented the Louisiana Polytechnic Institute (now known as Louisiana Tech University) as a member of the Gulf States Conference during the 1954 college football season. In their fourteenth year under head coach Joe Aillet, the team compiled a 6\u20133 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071810-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Louisville Cardinals football team\nThe 1954 Louisville Cardinals football team was an American football team that represented the University of Louisville as an independent during the 1954 college football season. In their ninth season under head coach Frank Camp, the Cardinals compiled a 3\u20136 record. Johnny Unitas was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071811-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Luxembourg general election\nGeneral elections were held in Luxembourg on 30 May 1954. The Christian Social People's Party won 26 of the 52 seats in the Chamber of Deputies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071812-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Maine Black Bears football team\nThe 1954 Maine Black Bears football team was an American football team that represented the University of Maine as a member of the Yankee Conference during the 1954 college football season. In its fourth season under head coach Harold Westerman, the team compiled a 5\u20132 record (2\u20132 against conference opponents) and finished third out of the six teams in the Yankee Conference championship. The team played its home games at Alumni Field in Orono, Maine. Thomas Golden and Ernest Short were the team captains.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071813-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Maine gubernatorial election\nThe 1954 Maine gubernatorial election took place on September 13, 1954. Incumbent Republican Governor Burton M. Cross was seeking a second term which would have made him the fifth consecutive Governor (all Republicans) to be elected twice. Democratic state representative Edmund Muskie, widely viewed as the underdog due to Maine's solidly Republican history, was able to pull an upset victory and become the first Democrat to be elected to the Blaine House since Louis J. Brann in 1934, and only the fourth Democrat in the 20th century.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 571]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071814-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Major League Baseball All-Star Game\nThe 1954 Major League Baseball All-Star Game was the 21st playing of the midsummer classic between the all-stars of the American League (AL) and National League (NL), the two leagues comprising Major League Baseball. The game was held on July 13, 1954, at Cleveland Municipal Stadium in Cleveland, Ohio, the home of the Cleveland Indians of the American League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071814-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Summary\nThe American League rallied in the bottom of the eighth inning, to defeat the National League in an 11\u20139 slugfest at Cleveland Stadium. Both teams combined for an All-Star Game record 20 runs, on 31 hits, which included six home runs. Al Rosen led the American League offense, going 3-for-4 with two home runs and five runs batted in.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 49], "content_span": [50, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071814-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Summary\nStarters Whitey Ford (AL) and Robin Roberts (NL) matched zeroes until the third inning, when the American League hitters stacked themselves to an early 4\u20130 lead in the bottom of the inning. Minnie Mi\u00f1oso opened the frame with a single and Nellie Fox walked, while Roberts struck out Mickey Mantle and retired Yogi Berra on a grounder, but could not overcome a three-run homer by Rosen to make it a 3\u20130 game. Ray Boone followed with a homer before Roberts retired Hank Bauer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 49], "content_span": [50, 524]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071814-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Summary\nOpening the fourth inning, the National League rallied for five runs to take a 5\u20134 lead. Sandy Consuegra retired the first batter he faced, but Duke Snider, Ted Kluszewski and Ray Jablonski hit consecutive singles and Jackie Robinson a double, tying the game at four. Bob Lemon relieved Consuegra, but gave up a two-out, RBI-double by the pinch-hitter Don Mueller before retiring Granny Hamner for the third out.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 49], "content_span": [50, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071814-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Summary\nMeanwhile,  Chico Carrasquel kept the American League attack alive with a lead-off single in the bottom of the fourth against Johnny Antonelli. Carrasquel moved to third on a one-out single by Mi\u00f1oso and scored on a sacrifice fly by Beto \u00c1vila, tying the score at five.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 49], "content_span": [50, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071814-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Summary\nThe National League picked up two more two-out runs off Bob Porterfield in the fifth to pull back in front, 7\u20135, after a single by Snider and a two-run homer by Kluszewski. In the bottom of the inning, Berra hit a single off Antonelli and Rosen belted his second home run of the game to tie the score at seven.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 49], "content_span": [50, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071814-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Summary\nThe American League regained the lead in the sixth, 8\u20137, with an RBI-single by Avila off Warren Spahn that brought home Williams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 49], "content_span": [50, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071814-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Summary\nIn the eighth inning, the National League bats stayed hot against Bob Keegan. Willie Mays singled and Gus Bell unloaded it with a pinch-hit, two-run homer to put again away the game, 9\u20138. Dean Stone came in relief  with two outs and Red Schoendienst running on third. Schoendienst attempted to steal home and was thrown out by Stone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 49], "content_span": [50, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071814-0007-0001", "contents": "1954 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Summary\nThis third out set the stage for Larry Doby, who pinch hit for Stone with one out in the bottom of the inning and tied the game with a home run against Gene Conley, becoming the first black player to hit a home run in an All-Star Game. After that, Mantle and Berra singled and Rosen walked to load the bases. Carl Erskine replaced Conley and retired Mickey Vernon for the second out, but gave up a two-RBI single to Fox that sealed the 11\u20139 victory for the American League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 49], "content_span": [50, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071814-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Summary\nThe American League (7) and the National League (6) used 13 pitchers in the game. Stone took the win (without retiring a batter) and Conley was tagged with the loss while Virgil Trucks earned the save. Trucks walked Snider to open the ninth inning, but retired Stan Musial, Gil Hodges and Randy Jackson for the last three outs of the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 49], "content_span": [50, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071814-0009-0000", "contents": "1954 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Summary\nThe win broke a four-game All-Star losing streak for the American League. After this game, the AL led the all-time All-Star Series 13\u20138.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 49], "content_span": [50, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071814-0010-0000", "contents": "1954 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Rosters\nPlayers in italics have since been inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 49], "content_span": [50, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071815-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Major League Baseball season\nThe 1954 Major League Baseball season was contested from April 13 to October 2, 1954. For the second consecutive season, an MLB franchise relocated, as the St. Louis Browns moved to Baltimore and became the Baltimore Orioles, who played their home games at Memorial Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071816-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Malayan local elections\nLocal elections were held in the Federation of Malaya in 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 91]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071817-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Malayan state elections\nState council elections were held in Malaya from 10 to 29 October 1954 in Trengganu and Johore.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071818-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Marquette Warriors football team\nThe 1954 Marquette Warriors football team was an American football team that represented Marquette University as an independent during the 1954 college football season. In its first season under head coach Frosty Ferzacca, the team compiled a 3\u20135\u20131 record and was outscored by a total of 216 to 136. The team played its home games at Marquette Stadium, sometimes referred to as Hilltop Stadium, in Milwaukee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071819-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Marshall Thundering Herd football team\nThe 1954 Marshall Thundering Herd football team was an American football team that represented Marshall University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1954 college football season. In its second season under head coach Herb Royer, the team compiled a 4\u20135 record (2\u20135 against conference opponents) and was outscored by a total of 214 to 203. Henry Hinte and Albie Maier were the team captains. The team played its home games at Fairfield Stadium in Huntington, West Virginia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071820-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Maryland Terrapins football team\nThe 1954 Maryland Terrapins football team represented the University of Maryland in the 1954 college football season as a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC). Maryland, with its rout against Missouri, 74\u201313, set an ACC record-high for scoring that stood for 27 years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071821-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Maryland gubernatorial election\nThe 1954 Maryland gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1954. Incumbent Republican Theodore McKeldin defeated Democratic nominee Curley Byrd with 54.46% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071822-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Massachusetts elections\nA Massachusetts general election was held on November 2, 1954 in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071822-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Massachusetts elections\nDemocratic and Republican candidates were selected in party primaries held on September 14, 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071822-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Massachusetts elections, Statewide elections, Senator\nRepublican Leverett Saltonstall was re-elected over Democrat Foster Furcolo, Socialist Labor candidate Thelma Ingersoll, and Prohibition candidate Harold J. Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 58], "content_span": [59, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071822-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Massachusetts elections, Statewide elections, Governor\nRepublican Christian A. Herter was re-elected over Democrat Robert F. Murphy, Socialist Labor candidate Lawrence Gilfedder, and Prohibition candidate Guy S. Williams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 59], "content_span": [60, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071822-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Massachusetts elections, Statewide elections, Lieutenant Governor\nRepublican Sumner G. Whittier was re-elected Lieutenant Governor over Democrat James A. Burke, Socialist Labor candidate Francis A. Votano, and Prohibition candidate Donald E. Babcock.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 70], "content_span": [71, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071822-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Massachusetts elections, Statewide elections, Attorney General\nRepublican Attorney General George Fingold was re-elected over Democratic State Senator John F. Collins, Socialist Workers candidate Malcolm T. Rowe, and Prohibition candidate Howard B. Rand in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 67], "content_span": [68, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071822-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 Massachusetts elections, Statewide elections, Secretary of the Commonwealth\nIncumbent Secretary of the Commonwealth Edward J. Cronin defeated Republican state representative Michael J. McCarthy, Socialist Labor candidate Fred M. Ingersoll, and Prohibition candidate William D. Ross in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 80], "content_span": [81, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071822-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 Massachusetts elections, Statewide elections, Treasurer and Receiver-General\nIncumbent Treasurer and Receiver-General Foster Furcolo ran for a U.S. Senate seat instead of seeking re-election. John Francis Kennedy defeated Norwood Selectman Clement A. Riley and State Representative and Boston School Committee Chair William F. Carr in the Democratic primary and Republican Augustus Gardner Means, Socialist Labor candidate Henning A. Blomen, and Prohibition candidate Isaac Goddard in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 81], "content_span": [82, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071822-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 Massachusetts elections, Statewide elections, Auditor\nIncumbent Auditor Thomas J. Buckley defeated Republican state representative William P. Constantino, Socialist Labor candidate Anthony Martin, and Prohibition candidate John B. Lauder in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 58], "content_span": [59, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071823-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Massachusetts gubernatorial election\nThe 1954 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1954. Republican governor Christian Herter was re-elected, defeating Democrat Robert F. Murphy, Socialist Labor candidate Lawrence Gilfedder, and Prohibition candidate Guy S. Williams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071823-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Massachusetts gubernatorial election\nIn the race for lieutenant governor, Republican Sumner G. Whittier defeated  Democrat James A. Burke, Prohibition candidate Donald E. Babcock, and Socialist Labor candidate Francis A. Votano.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071823-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, Primaries\nState Representative Robert F. Murphy defeated former Lieutenant Governor and Attorney General Francis E. Kelly for the Democratic gubernatorial nomination. Christian Herter ran unopposed for the Republican nomination", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 52], "content_span": [53, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071824-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Masters Tournament\nThe 1954 Masters Tournament was the 18th Masters Tournament, held April 8\u201312 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia. Sam Snead defeated defending champion Ben Hogan by one stroke in an 18-hole Monday playoff to win his third Masters tournament. It was Snead's seventh and final major victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071824-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Masters Tournament\nBoth Snead and Hogan were age 41, and they had won the previous three Masters; Snead in 1952 and Hogan in 1951 and 1953. Hogan was also the reigning champion of the U.S. Open and British Open; he did not win another major, but often contended until his final appearances in 1967 at the Masters and U.S. Open.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071824-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Masters Tournament\nSnead's 289 (+1), along with Jack Burke Jr. in 1956 and Zach Johnson in 2007, remains the highest winning total in Masters history. Amateur Billy Joe Patton, 31, led after the first and second rounds and during the fourth, but a seven at the 13th hole and a six at the 15th ended his title hopes, and he finished one stroke back.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071824-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Masters Tournament\nSnead remained the oldest winner of the Masters for nearly a quarter century, until Gary Player won his third green jacket at age 42 in\u00a01978.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071824-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Masters Tournament, Field\nJimmy Demaret (10), Claude Harmon (12), Ben Hogan (2,4,6,9,10), Byron Nelson (2,6), Gene Sarazen (2,4,6), Horton Smith, Sam Snead (4,6,7,9,10), Craig Wood (2)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071824-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Masters Tournament, Field\nJulius Boros (9,10), Lawson Little (3,5), Lloyd Mangrum (7,9,10), Fred McLeod, Cary Middlecoff (7), Sam Parks Jr., Lew Worsham", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071824-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 Masters Tournament, Field\nDick Chapman (5,8,a), Charles Coe (8,9,a), Gene Littler (8,11), Billy Maxwell, Skee Riegel, Jess Sweetser (5,a)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071824-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 Masters Tournament, Field\nFrank Stranahan (9,10,a), Robert Sweeny Jr. (a), Harvie Ward (8,9,a)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071824-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 Masters Tournament, Field\nWalter Burkemo (7,12), Jim Ferrier (9), Vic Ghezzi, Chandler Harper (9), Johnny Revolta, Jim Turnesa (7,10)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071824-0009-0000", "contents": "1954 Masters Tournament, Field\nJack Burke Jr. (9,10), Dave Douglas (12), Fred Haas (10), Ted Kroll (9,10), Ed Oliver (9)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071824-0010-0000", "contents": "1954 Masters Tournament, Field\nArnold Blum (a), William C. Campbell (a), Don Cherry (a), Jimmy Jackson (a), Jim McHale Jr. (a), Billy Joe Patton (a), Ken Venturi (a)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071824-0011-0000", "contents": "1954 Masters Tournament, Field\nJerry Barber, Al Besselink, Tommy Bolt, Doug Ford (10), Leland Gibson, Chick Harbert, Fred Hawkins, Dick Mayer, Al Mengert (10), Dick Metz (10), Johnny Palmer, Earl Stewart", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071824-0012-0000", "contents": "1954 Masters Tournament, Field\nPete Cooper, Gardner Dickinson,  Clarence Doser, George Fazio, Marty Furgol, Dutch Harrison, Jay Hebert, Bill Nary (12), Bill Ogden, Bob Rosburg, Frank Souchak (a)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071824-0013-0000", "contents": "1954 Masters Tournament, Field\nDon Albert (a), Bruce Cudd (a), Bobby Kuntz (a), Dale Morey (a), Ray Palmer (a), Angelo Santilli (a)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071825-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Meath Intermediate Football Championship\nThe 1954 Meath Intermediate Football Championship is the 28th edition of the Meath GAA's premier club Gaelic football tournament for intermediate graded teams in County Meath, Ireland. The tournament consists of 8 teams. The championship applied a league format.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071825-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Meath Intermediate Football Championship\nAt the end of the season Dunderry and Kilcloon applied to be regraded to the 1955 J.F.C.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071825-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Meath Intermediate Football Championship\nBallinlough claimed their 1st Intermediate championship title after finishing top of the table. Their triumph was sealed by the defeat of Slane 4-11 to 1-9 at Pairc Tailteann on 29 August 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071825-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Meath Intermediate Football Championship, Team changes\nThe following teams have changed division since the 1953 championship season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 59], "content_span": [60, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071825-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Meath Intermediate Football Championship, Team changes, To I.F.C.\nStrangely, neither of the 1953 J.F.C. Semi-Finalists Shale Rovers (North Meath District Champions) nor Curraha (Tara District Champions) were promoted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 70], "content_span": [71, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071825-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Meath Intermediate Football Championship, League Table & Fixtures/Results\nThe club with the best record were declared I.F.C. champions. Many results were unavailable in the Meath Chronicle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 78], "content_span": [79, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071826-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Meath Senior Football Championship\nThe 1954 Meath Senior Football Championship is the 62nd edition of the Meath GAA's premier club Gaelic football tournament for senior graded teams in County Meath, Ireland. The tournament consists of 13 teams. The championship employs a group stage followed by a final between the group winners.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071826-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Meath Senior Football Championship\nThis season saw St. Vincent's debut in the top flight after claiming the 1953 Meath Intermediate Football Championship title. Summerhill also made their return to the grade after claiming the 1953 J.F.C. title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071826-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Meath Senior Football Championship\nNavan O'Mahonys were the defending champions after they defeated Trim in the previous years final to claim the first Keegan Cup, however they lost their crown by failing to progress past the group stages.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071826-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Meath Senior Football Championship\nSkryne claimed their 7th S.F.C. title (and first Keegan Cup) by defeating Kells Harps in the final at Pairc Tailteann by 1-5 to 0-4 on 17 October 1954. Tom O'Brien raised the Keegan Cup for the Tara men.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071826-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Meath Senior Football Championship\nAt the end of the season Dunshaughlin, Oldcastle and St. Patrick's were regraded to the 1955 I.F.C.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071826-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Meath Senior Football Championship, Team Changes\nThe following teams have changed division since the 1953 championship season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071827-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Meistaradeildin\n1954 Meistaradeildin was the twelfth season of Meistaradeildin, the top tier of the Faroese football league system. The championship was contested in a league format, with four teams playing against each other twice. K\u00cd Klaksv\u00edk won its fourth league title in the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071827-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Meistaradeildin, Teams\nSince there was no second-tier league, all the teams that participated in the 1953 Meistaradeildin could participate in the league. Two teams from T\u00f3rshavn, HB and B36, KI from Klaksv\u00edk and TB from Tv\u00f8royri contested in the league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 27], "content_span": [28, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071828-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Memorial Cup\nThe 1954 Memorial Cup final was the 36th junior ice hockey championship of the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association. The George Richardson Memorial Trophy champions St. Catharines Teepees of the Ontario Hockey Association in Eastern Canada competed against the Abbott Cup champions Edmonton Oil Kings of the Western Canada Junior Hockey League in Western Canada. In a best-of-seven series, held at Maple Leaf Gardens in Toronto, Ontario, St. Catharines won their 1st Memorial Cup, defeating Edmonton 4 games to 0 with 1 tie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 541]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071828-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Memorial Cup, Winning roster\nJack Armstrong, Hugh Barlow, Hank Ciesla, Barry Cullen, Brian Cullen, Nelson Bulloch, Ian Cushanen, Marv Edwards, Jack Higgins, Cecil Hoekstra, Pete Koval, Bob Maxwell, Don McLean, Wimpy Roberts, Reg Truax, Elmer Vasko, Chester Warchol. Coach: Rudy Pilous", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 33], "content_span": [34, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071829-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Memphis State Tigers football team\nThe 1954 Memphis State Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Memphis State College (now known as the University of Memphis) as an independent during the 1954 college football season. In their eighth season under head coach Ralph Hatley, Memphis State compiled a 3\u20134\u20133 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071830-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Men's British Open Squash Championship\nThe 1954 Open Championship was held at the Lansdowne Club in London from 24 March - 29 March. Hashim Khan won his fourth consecutive title defeating his younger brother Azam Khan in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071831-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Mestaruussarja\nThe 1954 season was the twenty-fourth completed season of Finnish Football League Championship, known as the Mestaruussarja.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071831-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Mestaruussarja, Overview\nThe Mestaruussarja was administered by the Finnish Football Association and the competition's 1954 season was contested by 10 teams. Pyrkiv\u00e4 Turku won the championship and the two lowest placed teams of the competition, J\u00e4ntev\u00e4 Kotka and KPT Kuopio, were relegated to the Suomensarja.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 29], "content_span": [30, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071832-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Miami Hurricanes football team\nThe 1954 Miami Hurricanes football team represented the University of Miami as an independent during the 1954 college football season. Led by seventh-year head coach Andy Gustafson, the Hurricanes played their home games at Burdine Stadium in Miami, Florida. Miami finished the season 8\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071833-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Miami Redskins football team\nThe 1954 Miami Redskins football team was an American football team that represented Miami University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1954 college football season. In its fourth season under head coach Ara Parseghian, Miami compiled an 8\u20131 record (4\u20130 against MAC opponents), won the MAC championship, held five of nine opponents to seven points or less, shut out three opponents, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 294 to 82.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071833-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Miami Redskins football team\nBob Bronston was the team captain. The team's statistical leaders included Bob Wallace with 411 rushing yards, Dick Hunter with 529 passing yards, and Bill Mallory with 197 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071834-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Michigan State Normal Hurons football team\nThe 1954 Michigan State Normal Hurons football team represented Michigan State Normal College (renamed Eastern Michigan College in 1956 and Eastern Michigan University in 1959) in the Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (IIAC) during the 1954 college football season. In their third season under head coach Fred Trosko, the Hurons compiled an 8\u20131 record (5\u20131 against IIAC opponents), tied with Central Michigan for the IIAC championship, and outscored their opponents, 210 to 67. Nicholas Manych was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071834-0000-0001", "contents": "1954 Michigan State Normal Hurons football team\nThe Hurons lost to Central Michigan by a 28 to 7 score in the final game of the season, resulting in the two teams sharing the conference championship. Quarterback Bob Middlekauff led the team with 934 yards of total offense. Virgil Windom led the team with 530 rushing yards and in scoring with 11 touchdowns and 66 points. Middlekauf was also named MVP of the IIAC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071835-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Michigan State Spartans baseball team\nThe 1954 Michigan State Spartans baseball team represented Michigan State University in the 1954 NCAA baseball season. The head coach was John Kobs, serving his 29th year. The Spartans finished the season in 3rd place in the 1954 College World Series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071836-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Michigan State Spartans football team\nThe 1954 Michigan State Spartans football team represented Michigan State College in the 1954 Big Ten Conference football season. In their second season in the Big Ten Conference and their first season under head coach Duffy Daugherty, the Spartans compiled a 3\u20136 overall record and 1\u20135 against Big Ten opponents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071836-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Michigan State Spartans football team\nThe Spartans' prospects were diminished when their best back, Leroy Bolden, was injured in the early in the 1954 season. Michigan State tackle Randy Schrecengost was selected as a first-team player on the 1954 All-Big Ten Conference football team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071836-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Michigan State Spartans football team\nThe 1954 Spartans won one of their three annual rivalry games. In the annual Indiana\u2013Michigan State football rivalry game, the Spartans defeated the Hoosiers by a 21 to 14 score to give Daugherty his first victory as head coach. In the Notre Dame rivalry game, the Spartans lost by only one point, 20-19, to a Fighting Irish team that finished the season ranked #4 in the final AP Poll. And, in the annual Michigan\u2013Michigan State football rivalry game, the Spartans lost by a 33 to 7 score.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071836-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Michigan State Spartans football team\nIn non-conference play, the Spartans routed Washington State by a 54 to 6 score, and concluded their season with a 40-10 victory over Marquette.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071837-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Michigan Wolverines football team\nThe 1954 Michigan Wolverines football team represented the University of Michigan in the 1954 Big Ten Conference football season. In its seventh year under head coach Bennie Oosterbaan, Michigan compiled a 6\u20133 record (5\u20132 against conference opponents), tied for second place in the Big Ten, outscored opponents by a combined total of 139 to 87, and was ranked No. 15 in the final AP and Coaches Polls.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071837-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Michigan Wolverines football team\nLeft guard Ted Cachey was the team captain, and fullback Fred Baer received the team's most valuable player award,", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071837-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Michigan Wolverines football team\nTwo Michigan players received All-American honors: left end Ron Kramer was selected as a first-team All-American by the Central Press Association, and left tackle Art Walker received first-team honors from the All-America Board and the Football Writers Association of America.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071837-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Michigan Wolverines football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included quarterback Jim Maddock with 293 passing yards, Fred Baer with 439 rushing yards, and Ron Kramer with 303 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071837-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Michigan Wolverines football team, Statistical leaders\nMichigan's individual statistical leaders for the 1954 season include those listed below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 59], "content_span": [60, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071837-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Michigan Wolverines football team, Personnel, Letter winners\nThe following 33 players received varsity letters for their participation on the 1954 team. Players who started at least four games are shown with their names in bold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 65], "content_span": [66, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071837-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 Michigan Wolverines football team, Personnel, Coaches and staff\nMichigan's 1954 coaching, training, and support staff included the following persons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 68], "content_span": [69, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071837-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 Michigan Wolverines football team, Awards and honors\nHonors and awards for the 1954 season went to the following individuals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 57], "content_span": [58, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071838-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Michigan gubernatorial election\nThe 1954 Michigan gubernatorial election took place on November 2, 1954, to elect the governor of Michigan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071839-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Mid-South 250\nThe 1954 Mid-South 250 was a NASCAR Grand National Series event that was held on October 10, 1954, at Memphis-Arkansas Speedway in LeHi, Arkansas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071839-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Mid-South 250\nThe race car drivers still had to commute to the races using the same stock cars that competed in a typical weekend's race through a policy of homologation (and under their own power). This policy was in effect until roughly 1975. By 1980, NASCAR had completely stopped tracking the year model of all the vehicles and most teams did not take stock cars to the track under their own power anymore.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071839-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Mid-South 250, Race report\nOne hundred and sixty seven laps were raced on a dirt track spanning 1.500 miles (2.414\u00a0km). Twelve thousand people would attend this live untelevised race where Buck Baker would win in his 1954 Oldsmobile vehicle by approximately 5 laps over Dick Rathmann. Other notable competitors included Lee Petty (who led 150 laps which was considered to be the most laps), Marvin Panch, Jimmie Lewallen, Arden Mounts, and Junior Johnson. The average speed of the race was 89.013 miles per hour (143.253\u00a0km/h) and the race took two hours, forty-eight minutes, and fifty-one seconds to complete. This event was the 35th race out of 37 in the 1954 Grand National season. Even though it was advertised as a 250-mile race, the actual distance of the race was 250.5 miles (403.1\u00a0km).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 31], "content_span": [32, 800]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071839-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Mid-South 250, Race report\nBuck Baker may not have dominated this race, but he got the win. Of course, Lee Petty would go on to win the championship, even though he finished 3rd in this race. This was the first NASCAR Grand National Series race to take place on a mile-and-a-half track; which would be defined in modern NASCAR standards as a generic \"cookie cutter\" track. Charles Merrill, a one-off driver from Mobile, Alabama drove the #90 vehicle to a 23rd-place finish; he would never race in the NASCAR Grand National Cup Series again after this race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 31], "content_span": [32, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071839-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Mid-South 250, Race report\nOne of the major sponsors of the race was for the gasoline brand Pure; which is now a defunct oil company that services ten Southern states as a cooperative. Vapor lock from the fuels being used in the NASCAR Cup Series back then led to the elimination of three drivers from the race (John Erickson, Bud Harless, and Charles Brinkley). Ever since NASCAR has made the use of fuel injection mandatory in all of their Cup Series vehicles, the vapor lock problem has been solved permanently.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 31], "content_span": [32, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071839-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Mid-South 250, Race report\nRichard Jones achieved the race's last-place finish due to a crash on the first lap of the race. Lloyd Chick, Bo Fields, Hooker Hood, Jim McLain, Dutch Munsinger, Roscoe Rann, Leland Sewell and Robert Slensby would make their NASCAR Grand National Series debut at this event. Charles Brinkley, Laird Bruner, Herschel Buchanan, and Frank Smith would depart from professional stock car racing after this event. Bud Chaddock, John Erickson, Charles Hardiman, Richard Jones, Harold Lutz, and Lucky Walters would make their NASCAR appearance at this race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 31], "content_span": [32, 582]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071839-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 Mid-South 250, Race report\nRobert Foster was responsible for maintaining Junior Johnson's vehicle during the race while Lee Petty his own crew chief during the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 31], "content_span": [32, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071840-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Milan High School basketball team\nThe 1954 Milan High School Indians won the Indiana High School Boys Basketball Tournament championship in 1954. With an enrollment of only 161, Milan was the smallest school ever to win a single-class state basketball title in Indiana, beating the team from the much larger Muncie Central High School in a classic competition known as the Milan Miracle. The team and town are the inspiration for the 1986 film Hoosiers. The team finished its regular season 19\u20132 and sported a 28\u20132 overall record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 535]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071840-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Milan High School basketball team, Background\nUnlike most states, Indiana held a single-class tournament in which all schools competed for the same championship in one of America's largest and most popular high school tournaments, until the separation into enrollment classes in 1997. Indiana still possessed a large rural population well into the 1950s and rural school consolidation was still in its infancy. As a result, most Indiana high schools of the era had what today are considered extremely small enrollments. Many of these small schools had realistic expectations of advancing several rounds into the tournament in that era, but they would almost inevitably fall in the regionals to urban schools from places such as South Bend, Evansville, Gary, Terre Haute, Muncie, Bloomington, Lafayette, Fort Wayne, and Indianapolis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 50], "content_span": [51, 837]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071840-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Milan High School basketball team, Background\nCoach Marvin Wood had been hired two years earlier, at the age of 24, after a collegiate playing career at Butler University and a coaching stint in French Lick. His hiring was controversial, coming on the heels of Superintendent Willard Green's firing of coach Herman \"Snort\" Grinstead, who had ordered new uniforms without authorization. Wood's coaching style was the opposite of Grinstead's in many ways. He closed practice to outsiders, an act that removed one of the major forms of leisure time entertainment for the town's basketball-crazed population and angered many.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 50], "content_span": [51, 626]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071840-0002-0001", "contents": "1954 Milan High School basketball team, Background\nHe was impressed by the unusual scope of size and talent available in such a small school among the many boys trying out for the team, talent forged by a strong junior-high program. He taught them more patience than the run-and-gun Grinstead, culminating in a four-corner ball control offense he called the \"cat-and-mouse\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 50], "content_span": [51, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071840-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Milan High School basketball team, Background\nExpectations were higher in the 1952\u20131953 season. These were realized as the Indians won their first regional game in school history under questionable circumstances against Morton Memorial, an orphanage school outside of Knightstown. In that game, Morton Memorial held a nine point lead late in the game, only to lose in double-overtime as Milan's fourth quarter comeback was aided when the timekeeper delayed restarting the clock by a few seconds on one occasion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 50], "content_span": [51, 516]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071840-0003-0001", "contents": "1954 Milan High School basketball team, Background\nMilan went on to shock the state by winning the 1953 regional title and sweeping the semi-state to advance to the final four, finally bowing out in a 56\u201337 semifinal blowout to the Bears of South Bend Central High School. The nucleus of that team returned for the 1953\u201354 season with expectations of tournament success unprecedented for such a small school.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 50], "content_span": [51, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071840-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Milan High School basketball team, The 1953\u201354 season\nWith four starters returning from the semifinalists, Milan was considered a lock to win both the Ripley County tournament and the sectional. To prepare for the rigors of tournament play, Milan scheduled several games against larger, more prestigious schools, including a tournament at Frankfort, where they would suffer their first loss of the season, a 49\u201347 nail-biter against the hosts. Milan cruised through the rest of the schedule before suffering a late-season upset to Aurora, who were also coming into a successful period in their basketball history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 58], "content_span": [59, 618]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071840-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Milan High School basketball team, 1954 IHSAA Boys Basketball Tournament\nAnticipating a run deep into the later rounds of the Indiana High School Athletic Association boys basketball tournament, Milan expected to easily take the sectional before facing a tough test in the regional and a possible rematch against Aurora.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 77], "content_span": [78, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071840-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 Milan High School basketball team, 1954 IHSAA Boys Basketball Tournament, State Finals at Butler Fieldhouse, Indianapolis\nThe Indiana High School Athletic Association broke a longstanding tradition and awarded the Trester Award for mental attitude, sportsmanship, and character to a member of the winning team, Bobby Plump.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 126], "content_span": [127, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071840-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 Milan High School basketball team, Aftermath\n40,000 people descended on Milan (population: 1,150) the next day as the team returned home from Indianapolis, lining State Road 101 for 13 miles (21\u00a0km) to congratulate the Indians.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 49], "content_span": [50, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071840-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 Milan High School basketball team, Aftermath\nAs schools consolidated throughout Indiana, the days of small-town success gradually ended. Fewer than half of the 751 schools entered in the 1954 tournament exist today. With increased urbanization and suburbanization throughout the state, Indiana schools became much larger and the urban schools that had the most success in the tournament increased their domination of the tournament. No school with an enrollment less than five times that of Milan's ever won the tournament again under the one-class system that was replaced with a multi-class tournament in 1997. The smallest school to win the state tournament after Milan was Plymouth in 1982, led by future NBA star and coach Scott Skiles. Milan's enrollment is now over twice as large as it was in 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 49], "content_span": [50, 811]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071840-0009-0000", "contents": "1954 Milan High School basketball team, Aftermath\nThirty-three years later, the film Hoosiers, a fictionalized account based on Milan's 1952\u201354 seasons, opened to positive reviews, renewing interest in the team and its legacy. The film combined game play from both the 1952\u201353 and 1953\u201354 seasons, merging the 1953 quarter-final opponent, the South Bend Bears, with the scoring pattern from the 1954 championship win against Muncie Central.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 49], "content_span": [50, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071840-0010-0000", "contents": "1954 Milan High School basketball team, Aftermath\nThe 2010 run of Butler\u2014a university team that to this day plays its home games in the same building that hosted Milan's historic victory\u2014to the Final Four led to countless comparisons with both the 1954 Milan team and its cinematic alter ego of Hickory High. The Bulldogs stunned perennial power Michigan State 52\u201350 in the national semifinal to make it to the National Title Game, where they lost to Duke 61\u201359. (Butler forward Gordon Hayward narrowly missed a last-second half court shot that would have won the game, and the national championship, for Butler.) Appropriately, the Milan team, all but one of whom were alive at the time of the tournament, attended the Final Four (held just up the road at Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis) as guests of Indiana governor Mitch Daniels.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 49], "content_span": [50, 836]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071841-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Milan\u2013San Remo\nThe 1954 Milan\u2013San Remo was the 45th edition of the Milan\u2013San Remo cycle race and was held on 19 March 1954. The race started in Milan and finished in San Remo. The race was won by Rik Van Steenbergen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071842-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Mille Miglia\nThe 1954 Mille Miglia (officially XXI Mille Miglia ), was a motor race open to Sports Cars, GT cars and Touring Cars. It was the 21st Mille Miglia and the third race of the 1954 World Sportscar Championship. The race was held on the public roads of Italy on 2 May 1954 using a route based on a round trip between Brescia and Rome, with the start and finish in Brescia. It was won by Alberto Ascari driving a Lancia D24.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071842-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Mille Miglia\nAs in previous year, the event is not strictly a race against each other, as is a race against the clock. The cars are released at one-minute intervals with the larger professional class cars going before the slower cars, in the Mille Miglia, however the smaller displacement slower cars started first. Each car number related to their allocated start time. For example, Giuseppe Farina\u2019s car had the number 606, he left Brescia at 6:06\u00a0am, while the first cars had started late in the evening on the previous day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071842-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Mille Miglia\nThe previous August, Italian racing legend Tazio Nuvolari died. As a mark of respect, the route of this race, near it finish would pass through Mantua, where he was a resident.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071842-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Mille Miglia, Report, Entry\nA total of 483 cars were entered for the event, across nine classes based on engine sizes, ranging from up to 750cc to over 2.0 litre, for Grand Touring Cars, Touring Cars and Sport Cars. Of these, 378 cars started the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 32], "content_span": [33, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071842-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Mille Miglia, Report, Entry\nFresh from their loss in Florida at the 12 Hours of Sebring, Lancia entered in force with four newly revised D24 cars, these were piloted by Piero Taruffi, Alberto Ascari, Eugenio Castellotti and Gino Valenzano. The cars were modified by race car designer Vittorio Jano. These enhancements featured an enlarge version of their V6 engine, so that could produce 265\u00a0bhp.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 32], "content_span": [33, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071842-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Mille Miglia, Report, Entry\nFerrari for their part arrived with four 300\u00a0bhp 4.9 litre, Ferrari 375 Plus\u2019s for Giuseppe Farina, Umberto Maglioli, Giannino Marzotto and his brother Paolo Marzotto. For 1954, the Mille Miglia was a round of the World Sports Car Championship; the home teams faced strong challengers. From Great Britain, came Aston Martin and Austin-Healey, and West Germany sent Porsches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 32], "content_span": [33, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071842-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 Mille Miglia, Report, Entry\nAlso amongst the entry was the four-time winner, Clemente Biondetti, but by the time of the race, he was very sick man, fighting cancer, and only had a few months left to live.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 32], "content_span": [33, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071842-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 Mille Miglia, Report, Race\nThe race started at 21:01 on 1 May, when Domenico Stragliotto and Adolfo Montorio departed Brescia in their Iso Isetta. The faster cars would leave the following morning, when conditions were foggy mixed with little rain. After nine and half hours, all the cars were on their way to Rome.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071842-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 Mille Miglia, Report, Race\nThe Lancias took the early lead, with Taruffi's D24 controlling the pace, averaging 108.9\u00a0mph, on the opening stages into Ravenna, with a lead of 90 seconds, over Ascari and Castellotti. The Ferrari of Maglioli was back in fourth. On the run into Rome, the Lancia of Castellotti developed distributor problems, and was forced into retirement, moving Maglioli into third. Further trouble hit the Lancia of Taruffi, when his sprung an oil leak and he soon retired. Ascari had taken it easy in the early stages, now assumed the lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071842-0009-0000", "contents": "1954 Mille Miglia, Report, Race\nOn the run back to Brescia, Ascari's Lancia suffered a throttle spring return failure, and this was temporarily replaced by a rubber band. This and other problems started to affect the Lancia and by the time Ascari reached Florence, he had enough and wanted to retire from the event. It was only after a long stop for repairs, he was persuaded to continue. By Bologna, all the top Scuderia Ferrari cars were out, and the path was clear for Ascari to win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071842-0010-0000", "contents": "1954 Mille Miglia, Report, Race\nFor Ferrari, they had not lost a Mille Miglia since 1947, but this they were sounded thrashed by the team from Torino, with Ascari, winning in a time of 11hr 26:10mins., averaging a speed of 72.80\u00a0mph. 33:51mins adrift in second place was Ferrari 500 Mondial of Vittorio Marzotto, who salvaged some honour for Maranello marque with second place and a class win. The third different car on the podium was the Maserati of Musso. Another Ferrari came home in fourth, driven by Biondetti, in what was to be his last Mille Miglia; he was lifted exhausted from the car at the finish.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071842-0011-0000", "contents": "1954 Mille Miglia, Report, Race\nWith the British attack failing to make it back to Brescia, it was left to the Germans to provide some opposition to the Italian teams. Encountering a lowered gate at a railway crossing, the Porsche driver, Hans Herrmann drove his low 550 Spyder under it, narrowly missing an express train. This daring act gave Porsche a first in class and an amazing sixth overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071842-0012-0000", "contents": "1954 Mille Miglia, Report, Race\nThe event was marred by two fatal accidents, which cost the French driver, Andre Pouschol his life and that of his co-driver F. Saisse and eight spectators injured when his Citro\u00ebn 15 Six crashed into a signpost near Vicenza. The second accident cost the Italian navigator, S. Dal Cin his life when F. Mancini crashed his Maserati A6GCS.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071842-0013-0000", "contents": "1954 Mille Miglia, Classification, Mille Miglia\nOf the 378 starters, 182 were classified as finishers. Therefore, only a selection of notably racers has been listed below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 47], "content_span": [48, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071843-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Milwaukee Braves season\nThe 1954 Milwaukee Braves season was the second in Milwaukee and the 84th overall season of the franchise.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071843-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Milwaukee Braves season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 73], "content_span": [74, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071843-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Milwaukee Braves season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071843-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Milwaukee Braves season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071843-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Milwaukee Braves season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 68], "content_span": [69, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071843-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Milwaukee Braves season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 69], "content_span": [70, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071843-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 Milwaukee Braves season, Farm system\nLEAGUE CHAMPIONS: Atlanta, Quebec, LawtonMiami Beach franchise transferred to Miami, May 20, 1954; Florida International League folded, July 27", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 41], "content_span": [42, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071844-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team\nThe 1954 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team represented the University of Minnesota in the 1954 Big Ten Conference football season. In their first year under head coach Murray Warmath, the Golden Gophers compiled a 7\u20132 record and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 195 to 127. The team finished the season ranked #20 in the final Coaches poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071844-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team\nHalfback Bob McNamara received the team's Most Valuable Player award, and was selected by the  Football Writers Association of America (for Look magazine) as a first-team player on the 1954 College Football All-America Team. He was also selected by the Associated Press as a first-team player on its 1954 All-Big Ten Conference football team. Fullback John Baumgartner was named Academic All-Big Ten.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071844-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team\nTotal attendance for the season was 347,555, which averaged to 57,925. The season high for attendance was against Iowa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071845-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Minnesota gubernatorial election\nThe 1954 Minnesota gubernatorial election took place on November 2, 1954. Minnesota Democratic\u2013Farmer\u2013Labor Party candidate Orville Freeman defeated Republican Party of Minnesota challenger C. Elmer Anderson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071846-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Minnesota lieutenant gubernatorial election\nThe 1954 Minnesota lieutenant gubernatorial election took place on November 2, 1954. Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party candidate Karl Rolvaag defeated Republican Party of Minnesota challenger P. Kenneth Peterson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071847-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Mississippi Southern Southerners football team\nThe 1954 Mississippi Southern Southerners football team was an American football team that represented Mississippi Southern College (now known as the University of Southern Mississippi) as an independent during the 1954 college football season. In their sixth year under head coach Thad Vann, the team compiled a 6\u20134 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071848-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Mississippi State Maroons football team\nThe 1954 Mississippi State Maroons football team represented Mississippi State College during the 1954 college football season. This was the first season as head coach for Darrell Royal, who had previously served as an assistant for the Maroons. Royal would later win three national championships as head coach of Texas. Center Hal Easterwood was named to the FWAA/ Look All-America team. Halfback Art Davis was named SEC \"Player of the Year\" by the Nashville Banner and Atlanta Constitution.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071849-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Missouri Tigers baseball team\nThe 1954 Missouri Tigers baseball team represented the University of Missouri in the 1954 NCAA baseball season. The Tigers played their home games at Rollins Field. The team was coached by Hi Simmons in his 16th season at Missouri.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071849-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Missouri Tigers baseball team\nThe Tigers won the College World Series, defeating Rollins College 4-1 in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071849-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Missouri Tigers baseball team, Season Recap, College World Series\nIn the first round, Missouri defeated the Lafayette Leopards by a score of 6-3. Missouri was then knocked into the loser's bracket after a 1-4 second-round loss to Art Brophy and Rollins College. Behind lefthander Ed Cook, the Tigers then defeated the UMass Minutemen 8-1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 70], "content_span": [71, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071849-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Missouri Tigers baseball team, Season Recap, College World Series\nMissouri defeated Oklahoma A&M Aggies 7-3 in the behind a strong outing from starting pitcher Norm Stewart and home runs from Jerry Schoonmaker and George Gleason. Tied 3-3 with the Michigan State Spartans heading into the ninth inning, Emil Kammer singled home Buddy Cox to propel Missouri into the championship game for a re-match against Rollins College and Art Brophy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 70], "content_span": [71, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071849-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Missouri Tigers baseball team, Season Recap, College World Series\nMissouri bested Rollins 4-1 in the championship game behind a great outing from Ed Cook and a Buddy Cox home run.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 70], "content_span": [71, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071849-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Missouri Tigers baseball team, Season Recap, College World Series\nWith seven triples, Missouri tied Holy Cross's record for triples in a College World Series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 70], "content_span": [71, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071850-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Missouri Tigers football team\nThe 1954 Missouri Tigers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Missouri in the Big Seven Conference (Big 7) during the 1954 college football season. The team compiled a 4\u20135\u20131 record (3\u20132\u20131 against Big 7 opponents), finished in a tie for third place in the Big 7, and was outscored by its opponents by a combined total of 261 to 198. Don Faurot was the head coach for the 17th of 19 seasons. The team played its home games at Memorial Stadium in Columbia, Missouri.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071850-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Missouri Tigers football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Robert Bauman with 293 rushing yards, Vic Eaton with 774 passing yards and 688 yards of total offense, Harold Burnine with 405 receiving yards, and Jack Fox with 47 points scored.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071851-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Mongolian legislative election\nParliamentary elections were held in Mongolia on 13 June 1954. At the time, the country was a one-party state under the rule of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party. The MPRP won 192 of the 295 seats, with the remaining 103 seats going to non-party candidates, who had been chosen by the MPRP due to their social status. Voter turnout was reported to be 100%, with only 97 voters failing to cast a ballot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071852-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Montana Grizzlies football team\nThe 1954 Montana Grizzlies football team represented the University of Montana in the 1954 college football season as a member of the Skyline Conference. The Grizzlies were led by third-year head coach Ed Chinske, played their home games at Dornblaser Field and finished the season with a record of three wins and six losses (3\u20136, 1\u20135 MSC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071853-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Montana State Bobcats football team\nThe 1954 Montana State Bobcats football team was an American football team that represented Montana State University in the Rocky Mountain Conference (RMC) during the 1954 college football season. In its third season under head coach Tony Storti, the team compiled an 8\u20131 record (6\u20130 against RMC opponents) and won the Rocky Mountain Conference championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071854-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Morpeth by-election\nThe 1954 Morpeth by-election was held on 4 November 1954. The by-election was brought about by the death of the incumbent Labour MP, Robert Taylor. The by-election was won by the Labour candidate Will Owen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071855-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Motherwell by-election\nThe 1954 Motherwell by-election was held on 14 April 1954. It was held due to the death of the incumbent Labour MP, Alexander Anderson. It was retained by the Labour candidate, George Lawson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071855-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Motherwell by-election, Background\nAlexander Anderson was born in April 1888 and had represented Motherwell since the general election of 1945. According to the London correspondent for The Glasgow Herald, Anderson had visibly been in failing health during his final session in parliament. He had collapsed in the House of Commons shortly before his death, but he had insisted on remaining at Westminster so that he could participate in a session of the Scottish Grand Committee scheduled to be held on the morning of 12 February. However he died the previous day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 569]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071855-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Motherwell by-election, Background\nFor the by-election, Labour chose George Lawson, who was the secretary of Edinburgh Trades Council. Lawson had previously been West of Scotland organiser of Labour Colleges and was a member of the  Scottish Advisory Committee of the Labour Party. Norman Sloan, an advocate, who had been Anderson's only opponent in 1951 again stood as a Conservative and National Liberal. At his final election meeting on the eve of the poll, Sloan was supported by Lord Home.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071855-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Motherwell by-election, Aftermath\nLabour held the seat, with a slightly reduced share of the vote, while Sloan's vote declined by over 3%. The Communist candidate picked up just over 4% of the votes cast.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 38], "content_span": [39, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071855-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Motherwell by-election, Aftermath\nThe victorious Lawson said that he had  fought the election on the issues of rising food prices and \"the increasing threat of unemployment, particularly in Scotland and especially in this area\", the \"callous disregard\" for pensioners and people on low incomes and \"the failure of private enterprise\" to enable British industry to compete with its competitors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 38], "content_span": [39, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071856-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Motocross European Championship\nThe 1954 Motocross European Championship was the 3rd edition of the Motocross European Championship organized by the FIM and reserved for 500cc motorcycles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071856-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Motocross European Championship\nSince 1957 this championship has then become the current Motocross World Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071856-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Motocross European Championship\nIt should not be confused with the European Motocross Championship, now organized by the FIM Europe, whose first edition was held in 1988.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071856-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Motocross European Championship, Final standings\nFrom April to August 7 grand prix were held which awarded points to the first six classified, respectively: 8, 6, 4, 3, 2, 1. The score in the final classification of each rider was calculated on the best four results.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 53], "content_span": [54, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071856-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Motocross European Championship, Final standings\nSmith finished third even if on equal points with Leolup by virtue of the best result obtained in the grand prix: a victory against a second place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 53], "content_span": [54, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071857-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Mount Druitt 24 Hours Road Race\nThe 1954 Mount Druitt 24 Hours Road Race was an endurance race for production cars staged at the Mount Druitt circuit in New South Wales, Australia from 31 January to 1 February 1954. The race, which was organized by the Australian Racing Drivers' Club, was the first motor race of 24 hours duration to be held in Australia. Cars were required to be stock models, competing as purchased with no modifications permitted other than the removal of the silencer. All starters finished the race, with those that had retired rejoining to cross the finish line at the end of the 24 hours.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 618]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071857-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Mount Druitt 24 Hours Road Race\nThe race was won by Geordie Anderson, Chas Swinburne and Bill Pitt driving a Jaguar XK120 Coupe.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071858-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 NAIA Men's Basketball Tournament\nThe 1954 NAIA Men's Basketball Tournament was held in March at Municipal Auditorium in Kansas City, Missouri. The 17th annual NAIA basketball tournament featured 32 teams playing in a single-elimination format. The Southwest Missouri State University Bears were out to claim an unprecedented three straight national title. But Western Illinois handed them an upset in the National Semifinals, and the Bears had to settle for 3rd place. This left the title open for a new champion. It was the first time two new teams met in the championship game since 1947. The teams that played in the national championship game, were Western Illinois, and St. Benedict's (Kan.). St. Benedict's would defeat Western Illinois by a score of 62 to 56. It was the first time these two teams had played in tournament history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 843]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071858-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 NAIA Men's Basketball Tournament\nSouthwest Missouri State, now Missouri State, and the previous two time champion would settle for a third place victory over Arkansas Tech 75 to 61.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071858-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 NAIA Men's Basketball Tournament\nThe 1954 tournament would see the beginning of one of the best players the NAIA had ever seen. Jim Spivey of Southeastern Oklahoma would begin his journey to most all time free throws made, and 4th on the all-time scoring list. It would also be the first year for the awarding of the Coach of the Year Award. This award goes to the best coach in the NAIA over the past year, which is not necessarily the tournament winning coach. The first award went to Sam Hindsman of Arkansas Tech.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 522]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071858-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 NAIA Men's Basketball Tournament\nThe Georgetown Tigers make their first NAIA appearance. It would become a tournament record for most tournament appearances in 1974 with 12, and in the 1990s would start a 26 year consecutive appearance streak, a tournament record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071858-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 NAIA Men's Basketball Tournament, Awards and honors\nMany of the records set by the 1954 tournament have been broken, and many of the awards were established much later:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 56], "content_span": [57, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071858-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 NAIA Men's Basketball Tournament, 1954 NAIA bracket, 3rd place game\nThe third place game featured the losing team from the national semifinalist to determine 3rd and 4th places in the tournament. This game was played until 1988.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 72], "content_span": [73, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071859-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 NASCAR Grand National Series\nThe 1954 NASCAR Grand National season consisted of 37 races from February 1, 1954, and to November 1. Lee Petty, driving for Petty Enterprises,  won the championship, his first of three in the series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071859-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 NASCAR Grand National Series, Season recap\nThe 1954 season consisted of 37 events from February 7 through October 24 of the year; opening in West Palm Beach, Florida, with a Herb Thomas victory, and concluding in North Wilkesboro, North Carolina, at the North Wilkesboro Speedway with a Hershel McGriff win. While Thomas captured the opening event in a Hudson, the year was witness to the increased power of GM, Ford and Chrysler as Hudson slipped in its domination of the sport from previous years. Petty came back to win the second race of the year at Daytona Beach, Florida, in his Chrysler. Petty completed the season with 32 top-10 finishes of the 34 events that he competed in. Through 1953, and up until the Southern 500 in 1954, Petty strung together a streak of 56 consecutive races where he was still running at the end of the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 47], "content_span": [48, 847]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071859-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 NASCAR Grand National Series, Season recap\nWhile Petty won fewer races (7) than Herb Thomas (12), his consistency in finishing in the top 10 a total of seven times more than Thomas proved to be the deciding factor in winning the championship with a 283-point margin. Rising star Buck Baker captured the winner's purse a total of four times in 1954, and finished third after a 12th-place effort in 1953. Although several of the top stars of the sport had disagreements, and even walked away from NASCAR for a time, the sport showed itself to be larger than any of the individual stars.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 47], "content_span": [48, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071859-0002-0001", "contents": "1954 NASCAR Grand National Series, Season recap\nWhen Tim Flock was disqualified at Daytona, he quit the sport for a time. Fonty Flock, Al Keller and Hershel McGriff also resigned at various times throughout the year. Also in  1954, drivers Petty, Thomas, Baker, Dick Rathman, McGriff, Keller, Jim Paschal, Curtis Turner, Gober Sosbee, John Soares, and Dan Letner all captured at least one victory during the year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 47], "content_span": [48, 413]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071859-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 NASCAR Grand National Series, Season highlights\nTwo-time champion Herb Thomas' season opening victory in February earned him $1,600, which included prize monies from both the Pure Oil Company and Champion Spark Plugs. On February 20 Cotton Owens captured a modified-sportsman victory in an event that featured 136 starting entries; the largest ever starting field in a NASCAR event. A day later, Tim Flock reached the checkered flag first, but was disqualified for using a two-way radio, and Lee Petty was awarded the victory. It was the first time that radios were used in a NASCAR event, and Flock quit after the disqualification.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 52], "content_span": [53, 637]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071859-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 NASCAR Grand National Series, Season highlights\nOn February 20, 136 cars took the green flag at a 100-mile event in Daytona; making the event the largest ever starting field in a NASCAR sanctioned event. The following day NASCAR ruled that Tim Flock was disqualified due to the use of a two-way radio. On March 28 Dick Rathmann won a 125-mile race at Oakland Speedway after starting the event in last place. The track was unusual in its configuration in that it consisted of dirt corners and paved straightaways.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 52], "content_span": [53, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071859-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 NASCAR Grand National Series, Season highlights\nOn June 13, NASCAR held its first ever road course event, at the airport in Linden, New Jersey, with driver Al Keller coming away with the win in a Jaguar, as 20 of the 43 starting entries were foreign made autos. The victory was the only win for a foreign-manufactured vehicle, until Toyota captured its first victory, at Atlanta Motor Speedway, in March 2008.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 52], "content_span": [53, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071859-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1954-01\nThe first race of the season was run at Palm Beach Raceway in West Palm Beach, Florida. Dick Rathman won the pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071859-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1954-02\nThe second race of the season was run at Beach & Road Course in Daytona Beach, Florida. Lee Petty won the pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071859-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, 1954-03\nThe third race of the season was run at Speedway Park in Jacksonville, Florida. Curtis Turner won the pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071859-0009-0000", "contents": "1954 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, International 100\nThe 1954 International 100 was a NASCAR Grand National Series race that took place on June 13, 1954, on a temporary road course at Linden Airport in Linden, New Jersey. It was the first ever road course event in NASCAR competition. Buck Baker won the pole, with a speed of 80.536 miles per hour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 68], "content_span": [69, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071859-0010-0000", "contents": "1954 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, Southern 500\nThe 1954 Southern 500 was a NASCAR Grand National Series race that took place on September 6, 1954, at Darlington Raceway in the American community of Darlington, South Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 63], "content_span": [64, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071859-0011-0000", "contents": "1954 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, Southern 500\nThere were 364 laps done on a paved oval track that spanned 1.375 miles (2.213\u00a0km). Van Van Wey made his NASCAR debut in this race; starting in 43rd place and ending in 20th place due to a crash on the 260th lap.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 63], "content_span": [64, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071859-0012-0000", "contents": "1954 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, Southern 500\nOverall, the race took five hours, sixteen minutes, and one second from the first green flag to the checkered flag. The average speed was 95.026 miles per hour (152.930\u00a0km/h) and the pole speed was 108.261 miles per hour (174.229\u00a0km/h). There were two cautions for four laps and the margin of victory was twenty-six seconds. Attendance of the race was confirmed at 28,000 people during the start of the race. Notable racers that appeared and did not finish in the top ten included Lee Petty (whose streak of 36 top-ten finishes ended at this race), Cotton Owens, Jimmie Lewallen, Ralph Liguori, Arden Mounts, Elmo Langley (in his NASCAR debut) and Buck Baker (pole winner).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 63], "content_span": [64, 737]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071859-0013-0000", "contents": "1954 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, Mid-South 250\nThe 1954 Mid-South 250 was a NASCAR Grand National race that took place on October 10, 1954, at Memphis-Arkansas Speedway in the community of LeHi, Arkansas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 64], "content_span": [65, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071859-0014-0000", "contents": "1954 NASCAR Grand National Series, Race summaries, Mid-South 250\nOne hundred and sixty-seven laps were raced on a dirt track spanning 1.500 miles (2.414\u00a0km). Twelve-thousand people attended this untelevised race where Buck Baker won in his 1954 Oldsmobile. Other notable competitors included Lee Petty (who led 150 laps which was considered to be the most laps), Marvin Panch, Jimmie Lewallen, Arden Mounts, and Junior Johnson. The average speed of the race was 89.013 miles per hour (143.253\u00a0km/h) and the race took two hours, forty-eight minutes, and fifty-one seconds to complete.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 64], "content_span": [65, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071860-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 NBA All-Star Game\nThe 1954 NBA All Star Game was the fourth NBA All-Star Game. It was held on January 21, 1954, at Madison Square Garden in New York City. Bob Cousy of the Boston Celtics was the game MVP. Joe Lapchick of the New York Knicks coached the Eastern Conference and John Kundla of the Minneapolis Lakers coached the Western Conference. The attendance was 16,487.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071860-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 NBA All-Star Game\nThe Eastern Conference held an 84\u201382 edge with only seconds remaining in the game. Then, George Mikan of the Lakers was fouled. Mikan proceeded to make both foul shots, which sent the game into overtime.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071860-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 NBA All-Star Game\nIn the extra period, Cousy scored 10 points to secure a 98\u201393 victory. The Western Conference's Jim Pollard, the game's high scorer with 23 points, had been named MVP in a vote taken before regulation time had run out. But another ballot was taken and Cousy became the MVP.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071860-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 NBA All-Star Game\nThe 1954 All-Star Game, despite going into overtime,  was the last All-Star Game in which neither side reached 100 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071861-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 NBA Finals\nThe 1954 NBA World Championship Series was the championship round of the 1954 NBA Playoffs, which concluded the National Basketball Association (NBA)'s 1953\u201354 season. The Western Division champion Minneapolis Lakers faced the Eastern Division champion Syracuse Nationals in a best-of-seven series with Minneapolis having home-court advantage. The Lakers won their third consecutive NBA championship and their fifth title in seven years dating from 1948, the club's final season as a member of the National Basketball League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 541]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071861-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 NBA Finals\nMinneapolis won game one and the teams thereafter alternated victories, with the Lakers winning the decisive game by a seven-point margin at home. The seven games were played in thirteen days, beginning Wednesday, March 31 and concluding Monday, April 12. The entire postseason tournament spanned 28 days in which both Minneapolis and Syracuse played 13 games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071861-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 NBA Finals, Television\nGame two was the first NBA Finals contest to be carried live on national television, with the DuMont network providing the coverage. Game five was also aired by DuMont, featuring Marty Glickman doing play-by-play and Lindsey Nelson as the color analyst.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 27], "content_span": [28, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071862-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 NBA draft\nThe 1954 NBA draft was the eight annual draft of the National Basketball Association (NBA). The draft was held on April 24, 1954, before the 1954\u201355 season. In this draft, nine NBA teams took turns selecting amateur U.S. college basketball players. In each round, the teams select in reverse order of their win\u2013loss record in the previous season. The draft consisted of 13 rounds comprising 100 players selected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071862-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 NBA draft, Draft selections and draftee career notes\nFrank Selvy from Furman University was selected first overall by the Baltimore Bullets. Second pick of the draft, Bob Pettit from Louisiana State University, have been inducted to the Basketball Hall of Fame. Pettit also won the Rookie of the Year Award in his first season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 57], "content_span": [58, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071862-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 NBA draft, Other picks\nThe following list includes other draft picks who have appeared in at least one NBA game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 27], "content_span": [28, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071863-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 NBA playoffs\nThe 1954 NBA playoffs was the postseason tournament of the National Basketball Association's 1953\u201354 season. The tournament concluded with the Western Conference champion Minneapolis Lakers defeating the Eastern Conference champion Syracuse Nationals 4 games to 3 in the NBA Finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071863-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 NBA playoffs\nFor the Lakers, it was their third straight NBA title, and fifth in the last six years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071863-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 NBA playoffs\nWith the folding of the Indianapolis Olympians after the previous year's playoffs, leaving the NBA with nine teams, they resorted to a round-robin playoff format in 1954 for the only time in league history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071863-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 NBA playoffs\nAlthough the Minneapolis Lakers, Fort Wayne Pistons, Rochester Royals and Syracuse Nationals all play in different cities now (Los Angeles, Detroit, Sacramento and Philadelphia respectively), this is the earliest NBA playoff in which every team that participated still exists today.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071863-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 NBA playoffs, Bracket\nBold Series winner (Division Round Robin Semifinals: top 2 advanced)Italic Team with home-court advantage in NBA Finals", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 26], "content_span": [27, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071863-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 NBA playoffs, Division Round Robin Semifinals\nWithin each division, the top three teams in the season standings played a double round robin, comprising one home game in each city for each pair of teams, in order to eliminate one of the three participants. A three-way tie with two wins each would have secured home-court advantage in the Division Finals for New York or Minneapolis, who finished first in the season standings, against an opponent to be determined by one further game played with the season runner-up as host.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 50], "content_span": [51, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071863-0005-0001", "contents": "1954 NBA playoffs, Division Round Robin Semifinals\nIn the event, neither round-robin generated even a two-way tie, so no seventh game was required in either Division. Two of three teams (shaded green) advanced to the Division Finals. The second game between Minneapolis and Rochester\u2014the sixth and final Western Division game scheduled\u2014was not played because both teams had qualified for the Division Final and Minneapolis had secured home-court advantage in that series. The sixth and final Eastern Division game scheduled, Boston at Syracuse, was played because home-court advantage in their subsequent Division Final hadn't been determined. Both teams had won 42 season games and Boston had won by coin flip the edge in case of a tie in the round-robin stage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 50], "content_span": [51, 762]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071863-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 NBA playoffs, Division Round Robin Semifinals, Eastern Division Round Robin Semifinals, (1) New York Knicks, (2) Boston Celtics, (3) Syracuse Nationals\nThis was the fourth playoff meeting between the Celtics and Knicks, with the Knicks winning two of the first three meetings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 156], "content_span": [157, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071863-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 NBA playoffs, Division Round Robin Semifinals, Eastern Division Round Robin Semifinals, (1) New York Knicks, (2) Boston Celtics, (3) Syracuse Nationals\nThis was the second playoff meeting between the Celtics and Nationals, with the Celtics winning the first meeting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 156], "content_span": [157, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071863-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 NBA playoffs, Division Round Robin Semifinals, Eastern Division Round Robin Semifinals, (1) New York Knicks, (2) Boston Celtics, (3) Syracuse Nationals\nThis was the fourth playoff meeting between the Knicks and Nationals, with the Knicks winning two of the first three meetings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 156], "content_span": [157, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071863-0009-0000", "contents": "1954 NBA playoffs, Division Round Robin Semifinals, Western Division Round Robin Semifinals, (1) Minneapolis Lakers, (2) Rochester Royals, (3) Fort Wayne Pistons\nThis was the fourth playoff meeting between the Lakers and Royals, with the Lakers winning two of the first three meetings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 161], "content_span": [162, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071863-0010-0000", "contents": "1954 NBA playoffs, Division Round Robin Semifinals, Western Division Round Robin Semifinals, (1) Minneapolis Lakers, (2) Rochester Royals, (3) Fort Wayne Pistons\nThis was the fifth playoff meeting between the Royals and Pistons, with both teams splitting the first four meetings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 161], "content_span": [162, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071863-0011-0000", "contents": "1954 NBA playoffs, Division Round Robin Semifinals, Western Division Round Robin Semifinals, (1) Minneapolis Lakers, (2) Rochester Royals, (3) Fort Wayne Pistons\nThis was the third playoff meeting between the Pistons and Lakers, with the Lakers winning the first two meetings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 161], "content_span": [162, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071863-0012-0000", "contents": "1954 NBA playoffs, Division Finals, Eastern Division Finals, (1) Syracuse Nationals vs. (2) Boston Celtics\nThis was the third playoff meeting between these two teams following the round-robin, with both teams splitting the first two meetings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 106], "content_span": [107, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071863-0013-0000", "contents": "1954 NBA playoffs, Division Finals, Western Division Finals, (1) Minneapolis Lakers vs. (2) Rochester Royals\nThis was the fifth playoff meeting between these two teams following the round-robin, with the Lakers winning three of the first four meetings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 108], "content_span": [109, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071863-0014-0000", "contents": "1954 NBA playoffs, NBA Finals: (W1) Minneapolis Lakers vs. (E1) Syracuse Nationals\nThis was the second playoff meeting between these two teams, with the Lakers winning the first meeting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 82], "content_span": [83, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071864-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 NC State Wolfpack football team\nThe 1954 NC State Wolfpack football team represented North Carolina State University during the 1954 college football season. The Wolfpack were led by first-year head coach Earle Edwards and played their home games at Riddick Stadium in Raleigh, North Carolina. They competed as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference in the league's second year of existence. The Wolfpack once again failed to pick up their first ACC win, finishing winless in conference play for the second consecutive year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071865-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 NCAA Baseball Tournament\nThe 1954 NCAA Baseball Tournament was played at the end of the 1954 NCAA baseball season to determine the national champion of college baseball. The tournament concluded with eight teams competing in the College World Series, a double-elimination tournament in its eighth year. Eight regional districts sent representatives to the College World Series, but for the first time the preliminary tournament rounds hosted by each district were sanctioned NCAA events. These events would later become known as regionals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071865-0000-0001", "contents": "1954 NCAA Baseball Tournament\nEach district had its own format for selecting teams, resulting in 24 teams participating in the tournament at the conclusion of their regular season, and in some cases, after a conference tournament. The College World Series was held in Omaha, NE from June 10 to June 16. The eighth tournament's champion was Missouri, coached by John \"Hi\" Simmons. The Most Outstanding Player was Tom Yewcic of Michigan State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071865-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 NCAA Baseball Tournament, Tournament, District 3\nDistrict 3 consisted of two separate 3-game series. The first series was played between Virginia Tech and Clemson, with the winner moving on to play Rollins in a three-game series. The winner of that series moved on to the College World Series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 53], "content_span": [54, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071865-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 NCAA Baseball Tournament, Tournament, District 4\nDistrict 4 consisted of two separate 3 game series'. The first series was played between Ohio and Ashland, with the winner moving on to play Michigan St. in a three-game series. The winner of that series moved on to the College World Series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 53], "content_span": [54, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071866-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 NCAA Basketball Tournament\nThe 1954 NCAA Basketball Tournament involved 24 schools playing in single-elimination play to determine the national champion of men's NCAA Division I college basketball. It began on March 8 and ended with the championship game on March 20 in Kansas City, Missouri. A total of 28 games were played, including a third place game in each region and a national third place game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071866-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 NCAA Basketball Tournament\nLa Salle, coached by Ken Loeffler, won the national title with a 92\u201376 victory in the final game over Bradley, coached by Forddy Anderson. Tom Gola of La Salle was named the tournament's Most Outstanding Player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071866-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 NCAA Basketball Tournament\nOf note, Kentucky, the top-ranked team in the nation (with a record of 25\u20130) did not participate in any post-season tournament. Since several key players had technically graduated the year before (when Kentucky was banned from playing a competitive schedule due to the point-shaving scandal a few years earlier), those players were ruled ineligible for the NCAA tournament. Despite the wishes of the players, Adolph Rupp ultimately decided his team would not play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 496]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071866-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 NCAA Basketball Tournament\nLSU represented the Southeastern Conference in the tournament, its last appearance until 1979, well after the graduation of NCAA all-time leading scorer Pete Maravich. LSU made only one postseason appearance over the next 24 seasons, the 1970 National Invitation Tournament, during Maravich's senior season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071866-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 NCAA Basketball Tournament, Locations\nThe following are the sites selected to host each round of the 1954 tournament:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 42], "content_span": [43, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071866-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 NCAA Basketball Tournament, Locations, Final Four\nFor the second straight year, and the fifth overall, Kansas City and the Municipal Auditorium hosted the Final Four. The tournament included five new venues. The city of Buffalo hosted games for the only time at the Aud; the tournament would not return to Western New York until 2000 when its replacement, HSBC Arena, would host. Also serving for the only time was Duke Indoor Stadium, the venerable home of the Duke Blue Devils in Durham, the second of the Tobacco Road schools to host games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 54], "content_span": [55, 548]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071866-0005-0001", "contents": "1954 NCAA Basketball Tournament, Locations, Final Four\nFor the first time, the tournament came to the state of Iowa, playing at the University of Iowa's Field House. The tournament also came to the city of Peoria for the only time to date, playing at Robertson Memorial Field House on the campus of Bradley University. And for the first time, the tournament came to the state of Oklahoma, playing at Gallagher Hall, home to the powerhouse teams of Hank Iba and Oklahoma A&M College.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 54], "content_span": [55, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071867-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 NCAA Cross Country Championships\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Paul2520 (talk | contribs) at 18:31, 17 November 2019 (Adding short description: \"1954 cross-country running meet of the NCAA\" (Shortdesc helper)). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071867-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 NCAA Cross Country Championships\nThe 1954 NCAA Cross Country Championships were the 16th annual cross country meet to determine the team and individual national champions of men's collegiate cross country running in the United States. Held on November 22, 1954, the meet was hosted by Michigan State College at the Forest Akers East Golf Course in East Lansing, Michigan. The distance for the race was 4 miles (6.4 kilometers).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071867-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 NCAA Cross Country Championships\nSince the current multi-division format for NCAA championship did not begin until 1973, all NCAA members were eligible. In total, 14 teams and 113 individual runners contested this championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071867-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 NCAA Cross Country Championships\nThe team national championship was won by the Oklahoma A&M Cowboys, their first. The individual championship was won by Allen Frame, from Kansas, with a time of 19:54.20.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071868-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 NCAA Golf Championship\nThe 1954 NCAA Golf Championship was the 16th annual NCAA-sanctioned golf tournament to determine the individual and team national champions of men's collegiate golf in the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071868-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 NCAA Golf Championship\nThe tournament was held at the Braeburn Country Club in Houston, Texas, co-hosted by the University of Houston and Rice University.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071868-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 NCAA Golf Championship\nSMU won the team title, the Mustangs' NCAA team national title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 91]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071869-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 NCAA Men's Basketball All-Americans\nThe consensus 1954 College Basketball All-American team, as determined by aggregating the results of six major All-American teams. To earn \"consensus\" status, a player must win honors from a majority of the following teams: the Associated Press, Look Magazine, The United Press International, the Newspaper Enterprise Association (NEA), Collier's Magazine and the International News Service.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071870-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament\nThe 1954 NCAA Men's Division I Ice Hockey Tournament was the culmination of the 1953\u201354 NCAA men's ice hockey season, the 7th such tournament in NCAA history. It was held between March 11 and 13, 1954, and concluded with Rensselaer defeating Minnesota 5-4 in overtime. All games were played at the Broadmoor Ice Palace in Colorado Springs, Colorado.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071870-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament\nThis was the first championship game to go into overtime.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 95]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071870-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament\nRensselaer's title was the only championship won by a team from the Tri-State League. Despite its low membership the Tri-State League would send at least one representative to the tournament every year from 1952 through 1964 before being dissolved in 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071870-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament\nMinnesota's victory in the semifinal over Boston College holds two separate records: the most goals scored by one team in an NCAA tournament game (14, tied with Michigan in 1953) and the largest single-game margin of victory in an NCAA tournament (+13).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071870-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament\nBoston College, by being outscored 3-21 in their two games, also holds the worst single-tournament goal differential (-18). (as of 2016)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071870-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament, Qualifying teams\nFour teams qualified for the tournament, two each from the eastern and western regions. The two best WIHL teams and a Tri-State League representative received bids into the tournament as did one independent school.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 55], "content_span": [56, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071870-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament, Format\nThe eastern team judged as better was seeded as the top eastern team while the WIHL champion was given the top western seed. The second eastern seed was slotted to play the top western seed and vice versa. All games were played at the Broadmoor Ice Palace. All matches were Single-game eliminations with the semifinal winners advancing to the national championship game and the losers playing in a consolation game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 45], "content_span": [46, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071871-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 NCAA Skiing Championships\nThe 1954 NCAA Skiing Championships were contested at the first annual NCAA-sanctioned ski tournament to determine the individual and team national champions of men's collegiate alpine and cross country skiing in the United States. This championships were held March 4\u20137 at Slide Mountain outside Reno, Nevada, hosted by the University of Nevada.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071871-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 NCAA Skiing Championships\nDenver finished ahead of Seattle to claim the team championship; the Pioneers were coached by Willy Schaeffler. Nevada senior Pat Myers won the downhill, edging out Olympian Darrell Robison of Utah.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071872-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 NCAA Swimming and Diving Championships\nThe 1954 NCAA Swimming and Diving Championships were contested in March 1954 at Webster Pool at Syracuse University in Syracuse, New York at the 18th annual NCAA-sanctioned swim meet to determine the team and individual national champions of men's collegiate swimming and diving in the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071872-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 NCAA Swimming and Diving Championships\nOhio State returned to the top of the team standings, capturing the Buckeyes' eighth national title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071873-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 NCAA Tennis Championships\nThe 1954 NCAA Tennis Championships were the 9th annual tournaments to determine the national champions of NCAA men's singles, doubles, and team collegiate tennis in the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071873-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 NCAA Tennis Championships\nTwo-time defending champions UCLA won the team championship, the Bruins' third such title. UCLA finished five points ahead of rivals USC (15\u201310) in the team standings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071873-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 NCAA Tennis Championships, Host site\nThis year's tournaments were contested at the University of Washington in Seattle, Washington.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071873-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 NCAA Tennis Championships, Team scoring\nUntil 1977, the men's team championship was determined by points awarded based on individual performances in the singles and doubles events.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 44], "content_span": [45, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071874-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 NCAA Track and Field Championships\nThe 1954 NCAA Track and Field Championships were contested June 11\u221212 at the 33rd annual NCAA-sanctioned track meet to determine the individual and team national champions of men's collegiate track and field in the United States. This year's events were hosted by the University of Michigan at Ferry Field in Ann Arbor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071874-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 NCAA Track and Field Championships\nUSC won their sixth consecutive team national championship, the Trojans' 18th title in program history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071875-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 NCAA Wrestling Championships\nThe 1954 NCAA Wrestling Championships were the 24th NCAA Wrestling Championships to be held. The University of Oklahoma in Norman, Oklahoma hosted the tournament at McCasland Field House.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071875-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 NCAA Wrestling Championships\nOklahoma A&M took home the team championship with 32 points and having three individual champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071875-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 NCAA Wrestling Championships\nTommy Evans of Oklahoma was named the Most Outstanding Wrestler.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071876-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 NCAA baseball season\nThe 1954 NCAA baseball season, play of college baseball in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) began in the spring of 1954. The season progressed through the regular season and concluded with the 1954 College World Series. The College World Series, held for the eighth time in 1954, consisted of one team from each of eight geographical districts and was held in Omaha, Nebraska at Johnny Rosenblatt Stadium as a double-elimination tournament. Missouri claimed the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071876-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 NCAA baseball season, Conference winners\nThis is a partial list of conference champions from the 1954 season. Each of the eight geographical districts chose, by various methods, the team that would represent them in the NCAA Tournament. Twelve teams earned automatic bids by winning their conference championship, and eleven teams earned at-large selections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 45], "content_span": [46, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071876-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 NCAA baseball season, College World Series\nThe 1954 season marked the eighth NCAA Baseball Tournament, which consisted of the eight team College World Series. The College World Series was held in Omaha, Nebraska. The eight teams played a double-elimination format, with Missouri claiming their first championship with a 7\u20135 win over Texas in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 47], "content_span": [48, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071877-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 NCAA football rankings\nTwo human polls comprised the 1954 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) football rankings. Unlike most sports, college football's governing body, the NCAA, does not bestow a national championship, instead that title is bestowed by one or more different polling agencies. There are two main weekly polls that begin in the preseason\u2014the AP Poll and the Coaches' Poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071877-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 NCAA football rankings, AP Poll\nThe final AP Poll was released on November 29, at the end of the 1954 regular season, weeks before the major bowls. The AP would not release a post-bowl season final poll regularly until 1968.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 36], "content_span": [37, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071877-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 NCAA football rankings, Final Coaches' Poll\nThe final UP Coaches Poll was released prior to the bowl games, on November 29. UCLA received 21 of the 35 first-place votes; Ohio State received eleven, and one each to Oklahoma, Notre Dame, and Navy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 48], "content_span": [49, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071878-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 NFL Championship Game\nThe 1954 National Football League championship game was the league's 22nd annual championship game, held on December 26 at Cleveland Stadium in Cleveland, Ohio. Billed as the \"1954 World Professional Football Championship Game,\" the turnover-plagued contest was won by the Cleveland Browns, who defeated the Detroit Lions 56\u201310.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071878-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 NFL Championship Game, Background\nThe Detroit Lions (9\u20132\u20131) of the Western Conference met the Cleveland Browns (9\u20133) of the Eastern Conference in the NFL title game for the third consecutive year. The  Lions won the previous two: 17\u20137 at Cleveland in 1952 and 17\u201316 at home in Briggs Stadium in 1953. They were attempting to become the first team to win three consecutive league titles in the championship game era (since 1933). The Browns, who  entered the league only in 1950 with the demise of the All-America Football Conference, faced a particularly daunting task in taking on the Lions, having lost all eight of the franchise's previous matches against the Detroit club.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 681]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071878-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 NFL Championship Game, Background\nThe Lions were led by quarterback Bobby Layne, running back Doak Walker, and head coach Buddy Parker. The Browns were led by head coach Paul Brown and quarterback Otto Graham. The Lions had won the regular season meeting 14\u201310 the week before on December 19, also at Cleveland, with a late touchdown. The game had been postponed from early October, due to the World Series, and both teams had already clinched their berths in the title game. Detroit was a slight favorite (2\u00bd to 3 points) to three-peat as champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071878-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 NFL Championship Game, Background\nThe underdog Browns won the title at home in a rout, 56\u201310; placekicker Lou Groza made eight extra points, a new title game record, among many.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071878-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 NFL Championship Game, Starters, Detroit Lions\nNote: Players often played both offense and defense in this period. Although free substitution existed from 1943, what are today considered defensive starters were categorized as \"substitutes\" in this era.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 51], "content_span": [52, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071878-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 NFL Championship Game, Game Summary\nOn its first possession, Lions' fullback Bill Bowman ran for 50 yards but lost the ball to Cleveland on a fumble. The Lions regained possession at the Cleveland 35 when Joe Schmidt intercepted an Otto Graham pass. The Browns defense held and Detroit was forced to settle for a 36-yard field goal by Doak Walker.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071878-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 NFL Championship Game, Game Summary\nBilly Reynolds returned the subsequent kickoff 46 yards, crossing midfield to the Lions' 41 yard line. Cleveland was forced to punt but a roughing penalty gave the Browns new life and Graham hit Ray Renfro with a 35-yard pass for a touchdown. Following the Lou Groza conversion, the score stood at Cleveland 7, Detroit 3.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071878-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 NFL Championship Game, Game Summary\nOn the next possession another Layne interception by defensive back Paul was run back 33 yards, setting up Cleveland in the red zone on the Detroit 8 yard line, with Graham hitting left end Darrell Brewster for the score. Following Groza's kick the score was Browns 14, Lions 3.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071878-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 NFL Championship Game, Game Summary\nDetroit was again stopped on their next possession and its punt was taken by Cleveland's Billy Reynolds and returned 46 yards to the Detroit 10 yard line. Grinding the ball to the 1 yard line, Graham ran a quarterback sneak and hit paydirt. Following the Groza conversion the score stood at Browns 21, Lions 3.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071878-0009-0000", "contents": "1954 NFL Championship Game, Game Summary\nLion running back Lewis Carpenter tore up a 52-yard run in Detroit's next possession, setting up Detroit for its only touchdown of the day when fullback Bill Bowman scored from five yards out. Following the conversion by Lions kicker Doak Walker, it was Browns 21, Lions 10.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071878-0010-0000", "contents": "1954 NFL Championship Game, Game Summary\nCleveland was forced to punt, but on the next Detroit possession defensive lineman McCormack ripped the ball from Layne, with the Browns recovering on the Detroit 31. Four plays later Graham ran for another touchdown, reaching the end zone standing up. With the conversion the score was Browns 28, Lions 10, and the rout was on.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071878-0011-0000", "contents": "1954 NFL Championship Game, Game Summary\nYet another Bobby Layne pass was intercepted by Cleveland's Michaels, who was listed as a substitute fullback and was thus probably playing the modern equivalent of the safety position. With the ball on the Lions' 31, Otto Graham launched a pass to halfback Ray Renfro, who made a great catch at the five yard line and took the ball over the score. With Groza's conversion, the halftime score was Browns 35, Lions 10.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 458]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071878-0012-0000", "contents": "1954 NFL Championship Game, Game Summary\nThe Browns opened the second half with a six play drive, highlighted by a 43-yard strike from Otto Graham to Pete Brewster, who was stopped just short of the goal line. Graham scored his third touchdown of the day with a quarterback sneak, with Groza converting to make the score Browns 42, Lions 10.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071878-0013-0000", "contents": "1954 NFL Championship Game, Game Summary\nKenny Konz grabbed the first of his two interceptions, running the ball back to the Detroit 13. Two plays later substitute fullback Curly Morrison scored on a 12-yard run. Following the Groza extra point, the third quarter score stood at Browns 49, Lions 10.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071878-0014-0000", "contents": "1954 NFL Championship Game, Game Summary\nYet another pick by Konz set up the final touchdown of the day, when substitute halfback Chet Hanulak scored from the 10. With Groza's extra point, the final score was reached: Browns 56, Lions 10.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071878-0015-0000", "contents": "1954 NFL Championship Game, Officials\nThe NFL added the fifth official, the back judge, in 1947; the line judge arrived in 1965, and the side judge in 1978.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 37], "content_span": [38, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071878-0016-0000", "contents": "1954 NFL Championship Game, Legacy\nDetroit quarterback Layne (18 for 42, passing for 177 yards) was intercepted six times, with Len Ford and Kenny Konz pulling in two each. The Browns also recovered three Detroit fumbles, with two of the recoveries leading to scores.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 34], "content_span": [35, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071878-0017-0000", "contents": "1954 NFL Championship Game, Legacy\nThe 56\u201310 score was the second most lopsided in the 22-year history of the event, exceeded only by the 1940 game, in which the Chicago Bears embarrassed the Washington Redskins 73\u20130. The victory was the second World Professional Football Championship win for the Browns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 34], "content_span": [35, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071878-0018-0000", "contents": "1954 NFL Championship Game, Legacy\nThe gross receipts for the game, including over $101,000 for radio and television rights, were just over $289,000. Each player on the winning Browns team received $2,478, while Lions players made $1,585 each.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 34], "content_span": [35, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071879-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 NFL Draft\nThe 1954 National Football League Draft was held on January 28, 1954, at The Bellevue-Stratford Hotel in Philadelphia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071880-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 NFL season\nThe 1954 NFL season was the 35th regular season of the National Football League. The season ended when the Cleveland Browns defeated the Detroit Lions in the NFL Championship Game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071880-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 NFL season, Draft\nThe 1954 NFL Draft was held on January 28, 1954 at Philadelphia's Bellevue-Stratford Hotel. With the first pick, the Cleveland Browns selected quarterback Bobby Garrett from Stanford University.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 22], "content_span": [23, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071880-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 NFL season, Conference races\nIn the Western Division, the 49ers pulled ahead in Week Five (October 24) with a 37\u201331 win over the Lions, but they lost four of their remaining seven games and finished 7\u20134\u20131. The Lions, on the other hand, lost only one game in their last seven, and finished 9\u20132\u20131. In the Eastern race, the Eagles got off to a 4\u20130 start, until dropping games to Pittsburgh (17\u20137) and Green Bay (37\u201314) to fall into a 3-way tie with the Giants and Steelers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 33], "content_span": [34, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071880-0002-0001", "contents": "1954 NFL season, Conference races\nThe Browns, who got off to a 1\u20132 start, went on an 8-game winning streak, gradually catching up with a Halloween win over New York (24\u201314). A 6\u20130 win over Philadelphia on November 21 gave them the conference lead, and a 16\u20137 rematch win in New York the next week extended the margin. The Browns' streak was ended on December 19 with a 14\u201310 loss to the Lions. When the teams met in Cleveland again the next week (this time for the championship), the Browns won 56\u201310.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 33], "content_span": [34, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071880-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 NFL season, Final standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 32], "content_span": [33, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071880-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 NFL season, NFL Championship Game\nCleveland 56, Detroit 10 at Cleveland Stadium, Cleveland, Ohio, December 26, 1954", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 38], "content_span": [39, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071881-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 NSWRFL season\nThe 1954 NSWRFL season was the forty-seventh season of the New South Wales Rugby Football League premiership competition, based in Sydney. Ten rugby league football teams from across the city competed for the J. J. Giltinan Shield during the season, which culminated in the first \u201cmandatory\u201d Grand Final played between South Sydney and Newtown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071881-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 NSWRFL season, Season summary\nDuring the pre-season, Queensland and Australian international representative forward, Harold \"Mick\" Crocker signed a then record one-year deal for an Australian to move south and play for Sydney club Parramatta. 1954 marked the first season when a Grand Final was scheduled to determine the premiership winner. Prior to that the season victors were either the minor premiers or decided by a final that followed two semi-finals. A Grand Final was only played if the minor-premier was defeated in a semi-final or final and exercised their right to challenge via a Grand Final. Since 1954 a Grand Final has been played every year to determine the premiership winner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 699]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071881-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 NSWRFL season, Season summary\nThis season, in a New South Wales versus England match at the Sydney Cricket Ground, referee Aub Oxford watched in disbelief the players fighting around him like street-brawlers before turning his back and walking from the field. Oxford never refereed again and the match remains the only top-level game ever abandoned in rugby league history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071881-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 NSWRFL season, Season summary, Teams\n47th seasonGround: Henson Park Coach\u00a0: Col GeelanCaptain: Col Geelan, Jim Evans", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 41], "content_span": [42, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071881-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 NSWRFL season, Season summary, Records set in 1954\nIn 1954 South Sydney\u2019s Les Brennan set the standing record for the highest number of tries in a debut season with 29. Newtown winger Ray Preston\u2019s 34 tries remains second only to Dave Brown\u2019s 38 in 1935 in the tally of tries scored in a season. Preston and Kevin Considine combined for fifty-six tries during the season \u2013 easily a record for a pair of club wingers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 55], "content_span": [56, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071881-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 NSWRFL season, Season summary, Records set in 1954\nIn the last round on 21 August, Western Suburbs set a record for the highest losing score when they lost to Balmain 32\u201337. This was to be one of only two cases before the introduction of the 10-metre ruck rule in 1993 that a team scored over thirty points and lost the match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 55], "content_span": [56, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071881-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 NSWRFL season, Finals, Grand Final\nIn spite of Newtown finishing as minor premiers they hadn\u2019t beaten South Sydney in either regular season encounter. Souths had also won their semi-final meeting 24-14. In this, the NSWRFL\u2019s first Grand Final scheduled to determine the premiership winner, Souths were the victors. Legendary fullback Clive Churchill was outstanding setting up three of his side's five tries. The Bluebags stayed in the contest through the kicking boot of their Test fullback Gordon \u201cPunchy\u201d Clifford.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 39], "content_span": [40, 522]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071881-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 NSWRFL season, Finals, Grand Final\nSouth Sydney 23 (Tries: Cowie 2, Moir, Hawick, Dougherty. Goals: Purcell 4.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 39], "content_span": [40, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071881-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 NSWRFL season, Post-season\nFollowing the grand final, nine players from the NSWRFL were selected in a squad of eighteen to represent Australia in the 1954 Rugby League World Cup in France.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 31], "content_span": [32, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071882-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 National Challenge Cup\nThe 1954 National Challenge Cup was the 41st edition of the United States Soccer Football Association's annual open soccer championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071883-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 National Invitation Tournament\nThe 1954 National Invitation Tournament was the 1954 edition of the annual NCAA college basketball competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071883-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 National Invitation Tournament, Selected teams\nBelow is a list of the 12 teams selected for the tournament. There were 4 seeded teams, which received a bye in the first round, (1) Duquesne, (2) Western Kentucky, (3) Holy Cross, and (4) Niagara.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071884-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 National Service riots\nIn December 1953, the British colonial government in Singapore passed the National Service Ordinance, requiring all male British subjects and Federal citizens between the ages of 18-20 to register for part-time National Service. The deadline for registration was on the 12th May 1954 and those who fail to register would either be jailed or fined. On the 12th May 1954, students from the Chinese Middle Schools still did not register themselves for National Service. In light of the impending deadline for registration and withrequests from the Chinese students, Chief Secretary William Goode would later meet representatives from the affected student body in the government house on 13 May 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 724]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071884-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 National Service riots\nOn 13 May 1954, students gathered to present their petition to Chief Secretary William Goode. However, the peaceful demonstration turned into a clash between the police and students. More than 2 dozen people were injured and 48 students were arrested. The demonstration of 13 May 1954 was followed by further demonstrations and proved a key moment in galvanizing popular opposition to colonial rule.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071884-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 National Service riots, Background\nFollowing the end of the Japanese Occupation in 1945, the British sought to regain political control over Singapore, what was a vital strategic centre to them. The British Military Administration was set up, focusing on the reorientation of the state in order to meet post-war crisis. The British set sights to bolster social and economic life, and to secure their footing in Singapore (Harper, 2001). Of the social programmes that the government laid out, the most far-reaching and critical was education. The British envisioned setting up \"national schools\", prioritizing English-medium education and undermining vernacular education. With that, Chinese schools were starved of funding, resulting in anger and resentments among the Chinese students and teachers. This led to the rise in anti-colonial sentiments.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 854]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071884-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 National Service riots, Background\nThis growing anti-colonial sentiment was further fueled by the larger anti-colonial sentiment that was also happening outside Singapore - how winning freedom for colonies in Africa and Asia played a part in instilling hope in the progressive left in Singapore \u2013 that independence may come one day. One good example was also the defeat of the French at the Battle of Dien Bien Phu in Vietnam (1954).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071884-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 National Service riots, Background\nMoving into 1948, the outbreak of communist insurrection in the Malayan jungles, saw the declaration of emergency in Singapore. The declaration of emergency which was to last for almost a decade, saw heightened security control. Singapore was turned into a police state, progressives and anti-colonial activists were rounded up, and political repression suspended all forms of left-wing politics in Singapore (Turnbull, 2009). While organized opposition to colonial rule was difficult, nevertheless, the period was plagued with social discontent and stirrings of anti-colonial and nationalistic sentiments in view of the British's plan to consolidate and maintain rule, following the Japanese occupation (Quee, Tan, & Hong, 2011).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 770]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071884-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 National Service riots, 13 May 1954\nIn December 1953, the National Service Ordinance was passed, requiring the registration of all male British subjects and Federal citizens between the ages of 18-20 for part-time military training. After the announcement was made regarding the National Service draft, personnel involved were to register for the call-up from 8 April \u2013 12 May 1954. By 12 May 1954, students from the Chinese Middle Schools still did not register themselves for National Service (NS).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 40], "content_span": [41, 505]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071884-0005-0001", "contents": "1954 National Service riots, 13 May 1954\nIn light of the impending deadline for registration and with requests from the Chinese students, Chief Secretary William Goode would later meet representatives from the affected student body in the government house on 13 May 1954. This day however, resulted in a clash between Chinese Middle School students and riot squads. More than 2 dozen were reportedly injured and nearly 50 students were arrested. Of those arrested, 7 were convicted of obstructing the police. Following the riot, students re-assembled in Chung Cheng High School and only dispersed in the afternoon on 14 May 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 40], "content_span": [41, 629]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071884-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 National Service riots, 13 May 1954\nOn 18 May 1954, a delegation of students (the 55-member Chinese Middle Schools Student Delegation) met the Chinese Chamber of Commerce (CCC), requesting their (CCC) help to speak to the British government on their (the students) behalf. However, the only concrete result from this meeting was having their school holidays being pushed forward by 2 weeks to deny students the opportunity to rally together. Having their school holidays pushed forward, this action prompted a second massive sit in by the students which took place on 23 May 1954 in Chung Cheng High School.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 40], "content_span": [41, 612]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071884-0006-0001", "contents": "1954 National Service riots, 13 May 1954\nHowever, due to the prevention of food supplies from reaching these students, the group dispersed. The third massive sit in took place in the Chinese High School on 2 June 1954. This time, students requested for the postponement of call-up for National Service. Though, the lack of response from the government saw the students went on hunger strike on the 15 June. The students only dispersed on the 24 June.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 40], "content_span": [41, 450]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071884-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 National Service riots, 13 May 1954\nConstant negotiations were made back and forth between the students and the government in the following days. However, due to the resistance put up by the students, the attempt to recruit male youths for National Service took a back seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 40], "content_span": [41, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071884-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 National Service riots, 13 May 1954\nThe aftermath of 13 May 1954 resulted in the conviction of 7 students for obstructing the police during the demonstration, as well as further tightening of control over the students by the British.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 40], "content_span": [41, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071884-0009-0000", "contents": "1954 National Service riots, Interpretations of 13 May 1954\n13 May 1954 connotes different interpretations, and be characterized as a communist subversion, as an Anti- Colonial Movement, as a bottom up, spontaneous response to particular events.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 59], "content_span": [60, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071884-0010-0000", "contents": "1954 National Service riots, Interpretations of 13 May 1954, Communist subversion\nIn the 1950s, the Chinese students were one of the largest groups involved in demonstrations and their motivations have been consistently credited to communist manipulation \u2013 through the united front strategy. The united front strategy was a political tool employed by the Malayan Communist Party (MCP) with aims of regathering and rebuilding their strength which was greatly depleted in jungle fighting during the earlier years of the State of Emergency between 1948 and 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 81], "content_span": [82, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071884-0010-0001", "contents": "1954 National Service riots, Interpretations of 13 May 1954, Communist subversion\nThe strategy focuses on building relations and contacts with workers, peasants and students, emphasizing on how plans and arrangements should be made in order to gain mass. According to Singh (2008), the first step of this strategy is to engage students through the exploitation of communal issues. Singh quotes an MCP directive as saying:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 81], "content_span": [82, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071884-0011-0000", "contents": "1954 National Service riots, Interpretations of 13 May 1954, Communist subversion\nThe work of winning over the school children is very important and must not be overlooked. Especially in circumstances where the enemy is stronger than we are, the work of winning support from school children and organising them is more important than military activities. (Sing, 2008)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 81], "content_span": [82, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071884-0012-0000", "contents": "1954 National Service riots, Interpretations of 13 May 1954, Communist subversion\nAccording to Lee (1996), the reason as to why the MCP chose to start the mass movement from the students can be attributed to the following reasons:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 81], "content_span": [82, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071884-0013-0000", "contents": "1954 National Service riots, Interpretations of 13 May 1954, Communist subversion\n(i) the MCP recognised these Chinese students as a valuable political force and worked towards systematically absorbing them into the communist movement and", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 81], "content_span": [82, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071884-0014-0000", "contents": "1954 National Service riots, Interpretations of 13 May 1954, Communist subversion\n(ii) during this period of time, members of the Town Committee (a secret organisation operating underground as the executive arm of the Malayan Communist Party with its mobile headquarters on the borders of Malaya and Thailand) were arrested, leaving only the cells in charge of propaganda and cells in the Chinese Middle School, intact. The propaganda sector consisted of few people, but the student sector had many members. Thus, it was the student sector which had the manpower to launch the open united front struggle when the time came. However, in order to mobilise and arouse the students, an issue had to be capitalised upon. The National Service Ordinance was chosen to serve this purpose.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 81], "content_span": [82, 780]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071884-0015-0000", "contents": "1954 National Service riots, Interpretations of 13 May 1954, Communist subversion\nIn Lee's book, he also mentioned that in the eyes of the communists themselves, the agitation over the national service was a great success. Lee made this statement based on a following comment by Ng Meng Chang (a student cadre)\u00a0:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 81], "content_span": [82, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071884-0016-0000", "contents": "1954 National Service riots, Interpretations of 13 May 1954, Communist subversion\n\u2026. said that the tremendous success of the May 13 incident was beyond expectation\u2026 this was the most successful student struggle ever since the emergency regulations\u2026", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 81], "content_span": [82, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071884-0017-0000", "contents": "1954 National Service riots, Interpretations of 13 May 1954, Communist subversion\nLee (1996) also concluded by saying that \"13 May 1954\" had seen the creation of many student leaders which should be given support to, as they become future pillars of the student movement. This statement was drawn from unpublished statements of ex-detainees.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 81], "content_span": [82, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071884-0018-0000", "contents": "1954 National Service riots, Interpretations of 13 May 1954, Communist subversion\nIn conclusion, authors like Singh (2008) and Lee(1996) hold that the Malayan Communist Party was looking for manpower and the result of \"13 May 1954\" was a fulfillment of this aspiration. All in all, 13 May 1954 as Communist subversion was seen in the context of the cold war and in supporting this position, sources from scholars such as Lee (1996) and Singh (2008) are largely from colonial media.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 81], "content_span": [82, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071884-0019-0000", "contents": "1954 National Service riots, Interpretations of 13 May 1954, Anti-Colonial Movement\nFollowing the declaration of emergency in 1948, the political-left in Singapore grew vastly, both in size and power in 1954. This was attributed to the large levels of economic exploitation and social injustice felt by the people which then saw subsequent calls for self-governance and democracy. This was especially so for the Chinese when the decision was made by the British to prioritise English-medium education over vernacular education. With that, friction between the Chinese community and the British authorities resulted. Anger and anti-colonial resentments were felt within the Chinese community for English language represented colonialdomination. This was not all. In 1954, both the Chinese leadership and student activists face further pressures when the British made even more demands by making English the only language to be used in the legislative assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 83], "content_span": [84, 959]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071884-0020-0000", "contents": "1954 National Service riots, Interpretations of 13 May 1954, Anti-Colonial Movement\nThe Chinese middle school students had however, also moved out of the parameters of strictly Chinese-focused issues by linking themselves to a larger historical context of anti-colonial movement. The Chinese students, together with the Socialist Club members of the University of Malaya, identified themselves with the students of China, India, and Indonesia who also played a role in their country's liberation. Both the English and Chinese-educated students were seen to be working together to resist colonial rule, and that the socialist club had a hand in organising \"13 May 1954\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 83], "content_span": [84, 669]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071884-0020-0001", "contents": "1954 National Service riots, Interpretations of 13 May 1954, Anti-Colonial Movement\nThis was in view that copies of the Fajar Publication (Issue 7) were found in the Chinese High Schools. With that, amidst the Chinese student's demonstration, the hostels of students from the socialist club were also raided by the police on 28 May 1954, and 8 members of the University socialist club were charged with sedition for articles printed in the Fajar Publication (Quee, Tan, & Hong, 2011).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 83], "content_span": [84, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071884-0020-0002", "contents": "1954 National Service riots, Interpretations of 13 May 1954, Anti-Colonial Movement\nAccording to Loh (2013), this particular issue, dated 10 May 1954, and titled as \"Aggression in Asia\", was one that involved critical views on the ongoing Anglo-American Military initiative to form the Southeast Asia Treaty Organisation (SEATO). In addition, the issue also contained comments on the National Service Bill which was passed in Singapore earlier on. It argued that by pressing students into military service, is in no way \"national\" for it entailed \"a colonial people to be trained to fight wars in the making of which they have no part \u2013 no choice of their foes or allies. Though we are not fit to rule ourselves, we are not unfit to die for other people's interests.\" (Loh, 2013). Loh bases his opinion largely from the Fajar Publication itself.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 83], "content_span": [84, 845]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071884-0021-0000", "contents": "1954 National Service riots, Interpretations of 13 May 1954, Anti-Colonial Movement\nAnti -colonial sentiment was overwhelming, but the colonial authorities simply look upon them as the result of communist agitation. Common hatred (both Chinese and English students) of exploitation, British rule and the declaration of Emergency in paved the way for \"13 May 1954\", a resistance seen to be driven by overwhelming \"leftist resentments against the British\", with the rank and file on the ground taking initiative and moving without proper direction and control (Barr, & Trocki, 2008).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 83], "content_span": [84, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071884-0022-0000", "contents": "1954 National Service riots, Interpretations of 13 May 1954, Anti-Colonial Movement\nIn the view of scholars like and (Barr, & Trocki, 2008), \"13 May 1954\" represented the convergence of notions of nationalism (with help from the English-educated). The student resistance was very focused and uncompromising. It was evident that they were pushing the boundaries as far as the emergency regulations would allow, and anti-colonialism was the main engine driving their cause.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 83], "content_span": [84, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071884-0023-0000", "contents": "1954 National Service riots, Interpretations of 13 May 1954, Spontaneous response to particular events\nThe riot can also be explained as a spontaneous response to events surrounding the National Service Ordinance. Singaporean historian, Thum Ping Tjin, said that, the National Service Ordinance was actually supported by the Chinese, with supported from the Chinese press who recalled the heroic defence of Singapore by volunteers in 1942. Community leaders also praised the ordinance and called upon the Chinese community to fulfill their task of defending the country.\" Thum bases his opinion largely from Chinese sources (newspapers) such as the Nanyang Siang Pao, Nanfang Evening Post and Sin Chew Jit Poh.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 102], "content_span": [103, 710]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071884-0024-0000", "contents": "1954 National Service riots, Interpretations of 13 May 1954, Spontaneous response to particular events\nIn Thum's view, \"13th May 1954\" was an event triggered by the flawed implementation of the system of putting this ordinance in place such as how", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 102], "content_span": [103, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071884-0025-0000", "contents": "1954 National Service riots, Interpretations of 13 May 1954, Spontaneous response to particular events\n(i) Some overage students had been forced to miss examinations or leave school as a result of a call up,", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 102], "content_span": [103, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071884-0026-0000", "contents": "1954 National Service riots, Interpretations of 13 May 1954, Spontaneous response to particular events\n(ii) miscommunication and translation regarding the term \"National Service\" that resulted in adverse sentiments among these Chinese Middle School students", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 102], "content_span": [103, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071884-0027-0000", "contents": "1954 National Service riots, Interpretations of 13 May 1954, Spontaneous response to particular events\n(iii) the lack of documents sent to these young men to explain the purpose of national service causing many to believe that they would be sent into the Malayan jungle to fight for the British", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 102], "content_span": [103, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071884-0028-0000", "contents": "1954 National Service riots, Interpretations of 13 May 1954, Spontaneous response to particular events\n(v) how the students were turned down time and again by the government when all they wanted was to \"seek clarifications\" regarding National Service.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 102], "content_span": [103, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071884-0029-0000", "contents": "1954 National Service riots, Interpretations of 13 May 1954, Spontaneous response to particular events\nIn addition, miscommunication and translation regarding the term \"National Service\" resulted in adverse sentiments among these Chinese Middle School students for it was mistranslated as minzhong fuwu, \u6c11\u4f17\u670d\u52a1, which literally meant \"servitude by the masses\", a term with demeaning connotations implying the mass of the people acting as indentured servants of the elite.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 102], "content_span": [103, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071884-0029-0001", "contents": "1954 National Service riots, Interpretations of 13 May 1954, Spontaneous response to particular events\nThis discontent and miscommunication was further fueled by the ineffective registration process whereby Chinese Middle School students were provoked by the disruptive and authoritative conduct of the government team, who sent teams into Chung Cheng High School (the biggest Singapore Chinese Middle School) without warning, and went from class to class to distribute registration forms, disrupting lessons. Teachers who refused to halt their lessons were also forced to leave the classrooms, leaving students outraged and thus, the refusal to register for national service. This episode was repeated again on 23 April 1954 at the Chinese High School.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 102], "content_span": [103, 753]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071884-0030-0000", "contents": "1954 National Service riots, Interpretations of 13 May 1954, Spontaneous response to particular events\nOn 13 May 1954 itself, representatives from the affected students made preparations to meet William Goode in government house to negotiate about the ordinance. The crowd (approximately 1000 people) that assembled in the vicinity of the government house to give their support were actually students from the Chinese inter-schools sports competition \u2014 just a 30-minute walk away at Jalan Besar Stadium via Serangoon Road and Bukit Timah Road. The students were there to await the outcome of the meeting, and it was not a planned protest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 102], "content_span": [103, 638]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071884-0031-0000", "contents": "1954 National Service riots, Interpretations of 13 May 1954, Spontaneous response to particular events\nIn the days following 13 May 1954, tensions arose due to the \"difficulties posed to the students by the Governor\" when all that the students wanted was a form of written assurance for the postponement of national service for all students who are still schooling. According to Thum, once again drawing his opinions from Chinese sources, the process of appeal was made difficult for the students. For instance, their first petition was returned to them unopened because it was not submitted through \"proper channels\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 102], "content_span": [103, 618]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071884-0031-0001", "contents": "1954 National Service riots, Interpretations of 13 May 1954, Spontaneous response to particular events\nWith that, the students resubmitted their petition by registered mail however, the petition was again, returned to the students with the instruction that petitions from students should be submitted through the principal and management committee of their school. This was done, but there was no reply from the government once again.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 102], "content_span": [103, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071884-0032-0000", "contents": "1954 National Service riots, Significance of 13 May 1954\nThe aftermath of 13 May 1954 saw the formation of the Singapore Chinese Middle School Students Union (SCMSSU), and it was under the banner of SCMSSU that the 1950s saw more intense left-wing activities, for example, the Hock Lee Bus riots.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 56], "content_span": [57, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071884-0033-0000", "contents": "1954 National Service riots, Significance of 13 May 1954\n13 May 1954 also has a crucial significance in the politics in Singapore for it was through this event that enforced unity between students, labour workers and the People's Action Party (PAP) led by Lee Kuan Yew (a young lawyer back then) and leftist trade union Lim Chin Siong and Fong Swee Suan (both active in the bus worker's union). It all started with the Chinese students' decision to engage Lee Kuan Yew to defend the 7 students who were charged for obstructing the police on 13 May 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 56], "content_span": [57, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071884-0033-0001", "contents": "1954 National Service riots, Significance of 13 May 1954\nPrior to this, Lee Kuan Yew was also involved in fighting the case for the Fajar 8. Although the 7 students were eventually still sentenced to 3 months imprisonment, this episode allowed Lee Kuan Yew to build connections with the Chinese (especially the students and trade union workers), a group that was crucial in supporting his victory in the 1959 elections. The 1959 election was the first full internal self-government granted by the British authority and the People's Action Party led by Lee Kuan Yew won 43 out of 51 seats in the legislative assembly, forming the government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 56], "content_span": [57, 640]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071884-0033-0002", "contents": "1954 National Service riots, Significance of 13 May 1954\nHowever, this landslide victory would not have been possible without the support from the Chinese community, especially that of the labour unions (as the Chinese made up the majority population in Singapore). The PAP appealed to the Chinese community by promoting workers' rights and establishing policies that aim to abolish Emergency Regulations, putting an end to colonialist exploitation. This was important for the Chinese community who have been fighting for their place throughout colonial ruling. One such example was the threat they face regarding vernacular education in light of the British's vision to prioritise English-medium education and undermining vernacular education (Trocki, 2006).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 56], "content_span": [57, 759]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071884-0034-0000", "contents": "1954 National Service riots, Significance of 13 May 1954\nIn short, the PAP was able to draw on the concerns of the Chinese (which made up the largest population in Singapore) and garnered their support in the 1959 elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 56], "content_span": [57, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071885-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Navy Midshipmen football team\nThe 1954 Navy Midshipmen football team represented the United States Naval Academy (USNA) as an independent during the 1954 college football season. The team was led by fifth-year head coach Eddie Erdelatz, and they acquired the nickname \"Team Named Desire\" during the press conference following the 25\u20130 road shutout of Stanford, when Erdelatz said, \"Every\u00a0man on this team is full of\u00a0desire.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071885-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Navy Midshipmen football team\nAfter defeating #5 Army in Philadelphia, the Midshipmen were ranked fifth in both final polls, released in late November, and played in their first bowl game in 31 years. Navy shut out #6 Ole Miss 21\u20130 in the Sugar Bowl in New Orleans on New Year's Day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071886-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\nThe 1954 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team was the representative of the University of Nebraska and member of the Big 7 Conference in the 1954 college football season. The team was coached by Bill Glassford and played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071886-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Before the season\nAt the conclusion of the previous season, coach Glassford's third losing season in five years, sentiment was strong for a change in leadership. However, while Glassford survived the strife, Athletic Director George Clark did resign his position. Clark had previously led the Nebraska football team, in 1945 and then again in 1948, before ascending to the position of Athletic Director. Another former Nebraska football coach, Adolph J. Lewandowski (1943\u20131944), was named as acting AD in his stead. Lewandowski eventually helped select Bill Orwig as the new permanent Athletic Director, a position he would hold through 1960. Glassford was kept on under Orwig, but the pressure was building for the Nebraska football program to regain its footing and build consistency going forward.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 58], "content_span": [59, 841]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071886-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Minnesota\nOpening against powerhouse rival Minnesota was a tall order to ask of the football team. Using the Split T Formation installed during the offseason, the Cornhuskers managed a single touchdown to avoid the shutout in Minneapolis, but the Golden Gophers had little trouble adding to their lead in the series, moving up to 28-5-2 against Nebraska to date.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 66], "content_span": [67, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071886-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Iowa State\nThe Cornhuskers bounced back from the season opener by trouncing the Cyclones in Lincoln, scoring often and allowing some reserve players to get some on-field time for experience. Nebraska didn't back off as the game progressed, and scored again with less than two minutes remaining. The victory extended the Cornhusker winning streak over Iowa State to nine games, as Nebraska improved to 39-8-1 in the series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 67], "content_span": [68, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071886-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Kansas State\nYear in and year out in recent times, Kansas State could be counted on as an automatic win for the Nebraska squad, until last year. In 1953, the Wildcats snapped their ten-game losing streak against the Cornhuskers, and so were not intimidated by the Nebraska squad upon meeting them in Lincoln. The Wildcats put on a defensive show, allowing the Cornhuskers only a field goal as the day wore on. With Nebraska clinging to a 3-0 lead and less than five minutes to play, the Cornhusker defense allowed a Wildcat touchdown, and Kansas State took away their sixth win in the 38-game series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 69], "content_span": [70, 657]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071886-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Oregon State\nSmarting from allowing Kansas State another win, the Cornhuskers lit into underdog Oregon State, ensuring the results would come out as expected for the week. Nebraska was up by three touchdowns before the Beavers were able to even muster a single-touchdown response, and the win put the Cornhuskers up to 6-2 in the series to date.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 69], "content_span": [70, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071886-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Colorado\nIt was not yet clear what path the 1954 Cornhuskers were going to take, having started out 2-2 on the season. The Colorado game was likely to set the tone for the rest of the year, as Nebraska had to face the Buffaloes in Boulder. Colorado entered the game with a #11 ranking from the AP Poll, led the nation in rushing offense, and held the #10 position in total defense. The first half was a fistfight that sent both teams off the field for the break tied at 6-6, but after that it was all Nebraska.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 65], "content_span": [66, 567]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071886-0006-0001", "contents": "1954 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Colorado\nThe nation's leading rushing team was outrushed by the Cornhuskers 280 to 231, and gave up a total of 380 yards on the day as Nebraska snapped Colorado's nine-game winning streak. It was the first time Nebraska had recorded a victory at Folsom Field. Colorado fell to 5-8 in the overall series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 65], "content_span": [66, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071886-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Missouri\nBolstered by the victory in Boulder, but perhaps offended by the lack of attention given to them by the AP Poll after having knocked off the nation's #11 team on the road, Nebraska hosted a favored Missouri team in Lincoln. The first half was again a close affair, as the Cornhuskers held a mere 6-point lead at the half, but quickly scored two more times after the break to open the game up. Missouri did not give up, however, drawing within six points again.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 65], "content_span": [66, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071886-0007-0001", "contents": "1954 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Missouri\nThe Tigers had a chance to tie or go  for the win when Nebraska was forced to punt inside the final minute. Nebraska prevailed when the punt returner was hit by two blockers and fumbled the ball, ending the game one play later. The win moved Nebraska to 26-18-2 over Missouri all time, snapped Missouri's three-game edge over the Cornhuskers, and returned the Victory Bell to Lincoln.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 65], "content_span": [66, 450]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071886-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Kansas\nFollowing the Missouri win, the AP Poll recognized Nebraska by moving them to a shared #20 ranking entering this game, the first time the Cornhuskers had been ranked since the beginning of 1951. Kansas attempted to hold the game close, and kept with seven points well into the third quarter, but the Cornhusker machine rolled up 416 yards on the day and pulled away to secure their 4th win in league play. The victory improved the Cornhuskers to 44-13-3 over the Jayhawks all time. Despite the win, Nebraska fell back out of the AP Poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 63], "content_span": [64, 601]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071886-0009-0000", "contents": "1954 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Pittsburgh\nRiding a wave of success, Nebraska played host to rival Pittsburgh for the annual homecoming match up. The Panthers were favored, but a savage battle on the field yielded no points for either team by the half as the Cornhuskers battled for national respect. Despite the effort, Pittsburgh's halftime adjustments broke through the Nebraska defense for two scores in the third quarter. A single Cornhusker reply was all the home team could muster in reply as the Panthers scored a third time near the end of the game. It was Nebraska's third straight loss in the series as they slipped to 3-13-3 against Pittsburgh to date.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 67], "content_span": [68, 689]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071886-0010-0000", "contents": "1954 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Oklahoma\nPerennial league champion Oklahoma brought Nebraska to Norman and quickly demolished the stunned Cornhuskers to close out the Big 7 conference schedule. It seemed like Nebraska might have still had a chance despite their 7-21 deficit at halftime, but the Sooners had little difficulty piling on the points afterward. Oklahoma's 55 points against the Cornhuskers were the most allowed in the program's history, and the scoring margin of 48 points was the worst since  a 0-48 defeat, also handed down by the Sooners, in 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 65], "content_span": [66, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071886-0010-0001", "contents": "1954 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Oklahoma\nOklahoma's record streak of wins over Nebraska was extended to 12, and Nebraska's series edge narrowed to a single-game margin of 16-15-3. Oklahoma went on to finish the season 10-0 and ranked #3 in the AP Poll. Under the relatively recent no-repeat bowl appearance rule implemented by the Big 7, Oklahoma was not permitted to represent the league in the Orange Bowl, and as the second-place Big 7 team, Nebraska instead got the nod to play in Miami on January 1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 65], "content_span": [66, 529]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071886-0011-0000", "contents": "1954 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Hawaii\nThe Cornhuskers were treated to a late season game against Hawaii, the first meeting of these teams, in Honolulu. The Cornhuskers quickly forgot their troubles against Oklahoma by piling 50 unanswered points on the hapless Rainbows for a dominating shutout victory to close the regular season. The defeat of Hawaii was Nebraska's most prolific since an identical 50-0 downing of Wyoming back in the 1934 season opener twenty years prior.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 63], "content_span": [64, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071886-0012-0000", "contents": "1954 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Duke\nNebraska was invited to the Orange Bowl for the first time in program history, and this game was the 11th in Nebraska's first-ever 11-game season as well as Nebraska's second-ever bowl game. The Cornhuskers had not played a postseason game since meeting Stanford in the 1941 Rose Bowl, while Duke had not seen a postseason game for ten years. Several opinion pieces of the time displayed disdain for the Big 7's no-repeat bowl rule, and that Oklahoma was not permitted to participate as Big 7 champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 61], "content_span": [62, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071886-0012-0001", "contents": "1954 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Duke\nNebraska nonetheless attempted to make a game of it, coming back from a 0-14 halftime deficit to pull within 7, but the Blue Devils overwhelmed and dominated the day in the first and only meeting of these teams. Nebraska was outyarded 370-110, and 288-84 on the ground, to the dismay of a Nebraska team known for its ground attack. The entire Duke roster in attendance was able to get playing time, and Nebraska was unable to find success even against the Blue Devil reserves.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 61], "content_span": [62, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071886-0012-0002", "contents": "1954 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Duke\nExcept for the 1941 Rose Bowl, it was the largest crowd that the Cornhuskers had ever played in front of, though as Duke began to roll and went up 27-7, many in the stands began to leave early. Said coach Glassford after the game: \"I knew we'd have to play our best to stand a chance of beating Duke, but we came up with a stinking performance and got spanked.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 61], "content_span": [62, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071886-0013-0000", "contents": "1954 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, After the season\nAlthough the season did not exactly end on a high note, the winning record and first bowl game appearance since 1941 was more than enough to allow coach Glassford to retain his position and quiet the voices hoping for him to be replaced. For the sixth season in a row since taking over at Nebraska, Glassford had alternated winning and losing seasons, so even with the runner-up league finish and post season appearance, there was still no form of confidence that the winning performance could be maintained.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 57], "content_span": [58, 566]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071886-0013-0001", "contents": "1954 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, After the season\nGlassford's second place Big 7 record of 4-2 was enough to push his overall conference record back to the winning side, at 18-17-1 (.514), though his overall record was still lagging at 26-30-3 (.466). Nebraska's program all-time league percentage improved slightly to 138-54-12 (.706), while the overall record slipped to 342-178-34 (.648).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 57], "content_span": [58, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071887-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Nebraska gubernatorial election\nThe 1954 Nebraska gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1954, and featured Mayor of Lincoln Victor E. Anderson, a Republican, defeating Democratic nominee, attorney William Ritchie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071888-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Nemzeti Bajnoks\u00e1g I, Overview\nIt was contested by 14 teams, and Budapest Honv\u00e9d FC won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071889-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Netherlands Antilles general election\nGeneral elections were held in the Netherlands Antilles on 15 November 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071889-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Netherlands Antilles general election\nThe 22 seats in the Estates of the Netherlands Antilles consisted of twelve for Cura\u00e7ao, eight for Aruba, one for Bonaire and one for the SSS Islands.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071889-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Netherlands Antilles general election, Results, Cura\u00e7ao\nPopulation: 114,683 (31 December 1953)Entitled to vote: 44,363Valid votes: 37,097Seats: 12Average valid votes per seat: 3,091.4", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 60], "content_span": [61, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071889-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Netherlands Antilles general election, Results, Aruba\nPopulation: 57,303 (31 December 1953)Valid votes: 13,983Seats: 8Average valid votes per seat: 1,747.875", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 58], "content_span": [59, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071889-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Netherlands Antilles general election, Aftermath\nThe new session of the Estates began around 8 December 1954. Before that Jonckheer, Kroon, Van der Meer and Lampe gave up their position in the parliament to become government ministers in the First Jonckheer cabinet. They were succeeded by Hueck, Van der Linde-Helmijr, Rosario and Lopes. Van der Linde-Helmijr was at that moment the only female in the parliament but not the first one; A.A. de Lannoy-Elisabeth was from 1949 until 1954 a female member of the Estates. Anslijn became a member of the parliament instead of Maduro.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 53], "content_span": [54, 584]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071889-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Netherlands Antilles general election, Aftermath\nEarly 1955 Voges became a member of the parliament to replace Debrot and later that year O.R.A. Beaujon, Pieters Kwiers and P. Croes were succeeded by Bikker, Abbad and Finck. A year later Sint Jago succeeded Gerharts. After Eman died he was replaced by De Cuba.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 53], "content_span": [54, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071890-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Nevada Wolf Pack football team\nThe 1954 Nevada Wolf Pack football team represented the University of Nevada during the 1954 college football season. Nevada competed and returned as a sixteenth\u2013year member of the Far Western Conference (FWC). The Wolf Pack were led by third-year head coach Jake Lawlor, who resigned after the end of the season. They played their home games at Mackay Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071891-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Nevada gubernatorial election\nThe 1954 Nevada gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1954. Incumbent Republican Charles H. Russell defeated Democratic nominee and former Governor Vail M. Pittman on a re-match with 53.10% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071892-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 New Hampshire Wildcats football team\nThe 1954 New Hampshire Wildcats football team was an American football team that represented the University of New Hampshire as a member of the Yankee Conference during the 1954 college football season. In its sixth year under head coach Chief Boston, the team compiled a 7\u20131 record (4\u20130 against conference opponents) and won the Yankee Conference championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071893-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 New Hampshire gubernatorial election\nThe 1954 New Hampshire gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1954. Republican nominee Lane Dwinell defeated Democratic nominee John Shaw with 55.12% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071894-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 New Mexico A&M Aggies football team\nThe 1954 New Mexico A&M Aggies football team was an American football team that represented New Mexico College of Agriculture and Mechanical Arts (now known as New Mexico State University) as a member of the Border Conference during the 1954 college football season. In their second year under head coach James Patton, the Aggies compiled a 0\u20139 record (0\u20134 against conference opponents), finished last in the conference, and were outscored by a total of 306 to 87. The team played its home games at Memorial Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071895-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 New Mexico Lobos football team\nThe 1954 New Mexico Lobos football team represented the University of New Mexico in the Skyline Conference during the 1954 college football season. In their second season under head coach Bob Titchenal, the Lobos compiled a 5\u20135 record (3\u20133 against Skyline opponents), finished in a tie for fourth place in the conference, and were outscored by their opponents by a total of 168 to 152. Quarterback Jerry Lott led the team on offense.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071896-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 New Mexico gubernatorial election\nThe 1954 New Mexico gubernatorial election took place on November 2, 1954, in order to elect the Governor of New Mexico. Incumbent Republican Edwin L. Mechem was term-limited, and could not run for reelection to a third consecutive term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071897-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 New Year Honours\nThe New Year Honours 1954 were appointments in many of the Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries. They were announced on 1 January 1954 to celebrate the year passed and mark the beginning of 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071897-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 New Year Honours\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071898-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 New Year Honours (New Zealand)\nThe 1954 New Year Honours in New Zealand were appointments by Elizabeth II on the advice of the New Zealand government to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders. The awards celebrated the passing of 1953 and the beginning of 1954, and were announced on 1 January 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071898-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 New Year Honours (New Zealand)\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071899-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 New York Film Critics Circle Awards\nThe 20th New York Film Critics Circle Awards, honored the best filmmaking of 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071900-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 New York Giants (MLB) season\nThe 1954 New York Giants season was the franchise's 72nd season. The Giants won the National League pennant with a record of 97 wins and 57 losses and then defeated the Cleveland Indians in the World Series. It was the team's final World Series championship until 2010.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071900-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 New York Giants (MLB) season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 78], "content_span": [79, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071900-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 New York Giants (MLB) season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 71], "content_span": [72, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071900-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 New York Giants (MLB) season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 76], "content_span": [77, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071900-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 New York Giants (MLB) season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071900-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 New York Giants (MLB) season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 74], "content_span": [75, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071900-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 New York Giants (MLB) season, 1954 World Series\nThe New York Giants swept the Cleveland Indians in what would be their final World Series win in New York. Their next World Series win would occur in 2010, 52 years after relocating to San Francisco.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 52], "content_span": [53, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071900-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 New York Giants (MLB) season, 1954 World Series\nIt was the first time the Cleveland Indians had been swept in a World Series. The only highlight for the Indians was that they kept the Yankees from winning their sixth straight series. The last time the Yankees had not won the series or pennant beforehand was 1948, when, again, the Indians kept them out (although that year, they won the Series). It was also the only World Series from 1949 to 1958 which did not feature the Yankees.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 52], "content_span": [53, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071900-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 New York Giants (MLB) season, 1954 World Series, Game 1\nSeptember 29, 1954, at the Polo Grounds in New York City", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 60], "content_span": [61, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071900-0009-0000", "contents": "1954 New York Giants (MLB) season, 1954 World Series, Game 2\nSeptember 30, 1954, at the Polo Grounds in New York City", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 60], "content_span": [61, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071901-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 New York Giants season\nThe 1954 New York Giants season was the franchise's 30th season in the National Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071901-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 New York Giants season, Schedule, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 48], "content_span": [49, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071902-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 New York Yankees season\nThe 1954 New York Yankees season was the team's 52nd season in New York, and its 54th overall. The team finished in second place in the American League with a record of 103\u201351, finishing 8 games behind the Cleveland Indians, who broke the Yankees' 1927 AL record by winning 111 games. New York was managed by Casey Stengel. The Yankees played their home games at Yankee Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071902-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 New York Yankees season, Regular season\nBob Grim became the first rookie pitcher to win 20 games in one season but pitch less than 200 innings in the same season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 44], "content_span": [45, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071902-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 73], "content_span": [74, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071902-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071902-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071902-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 68], "content_span": [69, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071902-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 69], "content_span": [70, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071903-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 New York state election\nThe 1954 New York state election was held on November 2, 1954, to elect the governor, the lieutenant governor, the state comptroller, the attorney general, the chief judge and three associate judges of the New York Court of Appeals, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly and the New York State Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071903-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 New York state election, Background\nThis was the first election in which the voters were required to cast a single joint vote for governor and lieutenant governor, following the amendment to the State Constitution in 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 40], "content_span": [41, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071903-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 New York state election, Background\nChief Judge Edmund H. Lewis would reach the constitutional age limit of 70 years at the end of the year. He was elected in 1953, and John Van Voorhis was re-appointed on January 1, 1954, to the seat vacated by Lewis, to fill the vacancy temporarily.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 40], "content_span": [41, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071903-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 New York state election, Background\nAlbert Conway and Charles S. Desmond had been elected to the Court of Appeals in 1940, thus their 14-year terms would expire at the end of the year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 40], "content_span": [41, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071903-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 New York state election, Nominations\nThe Socialist Workers nominated David L. Weiss (born c. 1914), electronics worker, for governor; Dorothy Haines, of Buffalo, for lieutenant governor; Harold Robins, of New York City, for comptroller; and Catherine Gratta (born c. 1922), machine inspector, of Brooklyn, for attorney general.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 41], "content_span": [42, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071903-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 New York state election, Nominations\nThe American Labor Party nominated John T. McManus for governor; actress Karen Morley for lieutenant governor; Ralph Powe, lawyer, for Comptroller (the only African-American running for a statewide elective office this year); and George W. Fish, lawyer, of Brooklyn, for attorney general.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 41], "content_span": [42, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071903-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 New York state election, Nominations\nThe Socialist Labor Party filed a petition to nominate candidates as the Industrial Government Party on September 30. The ticket had only three names: Nathan Karp for governor; Stephen Emery for lieutenant governor; and John Emanuel for comptroller.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 41], "content_span": [42, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071903-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 New York state election, Nominations\nThe Democratic Party held its convention on September 21, 1954, in New York City. The main contest was for governor which was between former Secretary of Commerce W. Averell Harriman and Representative Franklin Delano Roosevelt Jr. Harriman had the backing of Tammany Hall and city organizations, Roosevelt agreed to drop out in exchange for his nomination for attorney general. The next week the Liberal Party of New York endorsed the entire Democratic slate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 41], "content_span": [42, 502]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071903-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 New York state election, Result\nAlmost the whole Democratic/Liberal ticket was elected, only Republican Jacob K. Javits managed to be elected attorney general.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071903-0009-0000", "contents": "1954 New York state election, Result\nThe American Labor Party lost its automatic ballot access and disbanded shortly afterwards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071903-0010-0000", "contents": "1954 New York state election, Result\nNote: The vote for governor is used to define ballot access, for automatic access are necessary 50,000 votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071904-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 New Zealand Grand Prix\nThe 1954 New Zealand Grand Prix was a motor race held at the Ardmore Circuit on 9 January 1954. This was the first New Zealand Grand Prix since 1950 and the second overall. This was also the first New Zealand Grand Prix to be held at the Ardmore Circuit, a circuit that would be used for the Grand Prix until 1962.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071904-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 New Zealand Grand Prix\nThe Grand Prix was won by Australian Stan Jones, driving the Maybach Special in a spectacular drive over Britain's Ken Wharton and fellow Australian, Tony Gaze.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071905-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election\nThe 1954 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election was held on 23 June 1954 to determine the future leadership of the New Zealand Labour Party. The election was won by Hutt MP Walter Nash, the incumbent leader.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071905-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election, Background\nNash's initial handling of the leadership of the Labour party was seen as rather mediocre. He had difficult obstacles, chiefly the waterfront dispute. Nash attempted to take a moderate position in the dispute, stating \"we are not for the waterside workers, and we are not against them\". Labour's neutral position merely ended up displeasing both sides, however, and Nash was widely accused of indecision and lack of courage. Labour was defeated heavily in the 1951 snap election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 61], "content_span": [62, 541]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071905-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election, Background\nIn May 1953, Rex Mason informed Nash that several members were complaining to him about the party's leadership to him and that he thought that the majority wanted a new leader to take over. Later, in February 1954, MP Angus McLagan referred to a newspaper article questioning Nash's leadership which resulted in a unanimous call for a date to be set for new leadership selection.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 61], "content_span": [62, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071905-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election, Candidates, Walter Nash\nNash had been Labour's leader since 1951. While his leadership was questioned by caucus colleagues, Nash had overwhelming support from the Trade Unions, who backed the party financially. Likewise, party branches from all over the country passed resolutions confirming their support for Nash, sending a message to prospective challengers. Nash was nominated by Mick Moohan for the leadership.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 74], "content_span": [75, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071905-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election, Candidates, Arnold Nordmeyer\nNordmeyer had been an MP since 1935, though briefly out of parliament from 1949-51. He was the then President of the party and it was speculated he may have been involved with leaking the media report quoted by McLagan. Nordmeyer was nominated by Warren Freer for the leadership.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 79], "content_span": [80, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071905-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election, Result\nUnder pressure from the grass roots members and trade unions, the majority of Labour's caucus voted for Nash. Some, such as Moohan, switched sides and voted for Nash in recognition of the increasing unpopularity of a leadership change. According to Nash himself, only nine votes were cast against him. The four Maori MPs abstained from the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 57], "content_span": [58, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071905-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election, Aftermath\nThe affair was messy and won little support from either public or party. As a result, Nordmeyer, Bill Anderton and Phil Connolly were called before Labour's National Executive. Nash himself was shocked at Nordmeyer's level of support. Nash would remain leader until 1963, when he retired. Nordmeyer took his place as leader, though was only to hold the post for two years. Jerry Skinner remained as deputy-leader, he was re-elected unopposed for the position.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 60], "content_span": [61, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071906-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 New Zealand Royal Visit Honours\nThe 1954 New Zealand Royal Visit Honours were appointments by Elizabeth II to the Royal Victorian Order, to mark her visit to New Zealand in the summer of 1953\u20131954. During her visit, she visited 46 towns and cities. The honours were announced between 15 January and 29 January 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071906-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 New Zealand Royal Visit Honours\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071906-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 New Zealand Royal Visit Honours, Royal Victorian Order, Member, fourth class (MVO)\nIn 1984, Members of the Royal Victorian Order, fourth class, were redesignated as Lieutenants of the Royal Victorian Order (LVO).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 87], "content_span": [88, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071907-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 New Zealand bravery awards\nThe 1954 New Zealand bravery awards were announced via a special honours list on 29 January 1954, and recognised four people for acts of bravery in the aftermath of the Tangiwai disaster on 24 December 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071908-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 New Zealand general election\nThe 1954 New Zealand general election was a nationwide vote to determine the shape of the New Zealand Parliament's 31st term. It saw the governing National Party remain in office, but with a slightly reduced majority. It also saw the debut of the new Social Credit Party, which won more than eleven percent of the vote but failed to win a seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071908-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 New Zealand general election, Background\nThe National Party had formed its first administration after the 1949 elections. It had then been re-elected by a large margin amid the industrial disputes of the 1951 election. The Prime Minister, Sidney Holland, was popular in many sectors of society for his strong line against striking dockworkers and coalminers, while Labour's leader, Walter Nash, had been criticised for his failure to take a firm stand on the issue. Labour was troubled by internal disputes, with Nash subjected to an unsuccessful leadership challenge only a few months before the election. For the election, the National government adopted a \"steady as she goes\" approach, saying that the country was in good hands and did not need any major policy realignments.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 784]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071908-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 New Zealand general election, The election\nThe date for the main 1954 elections was 13 November. 1,209,670 people were registered to vote, and turnout was 91.4%. The number of seats being contested was 80, a number which had been fixed since 1902.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 47], "content_span": [48, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071908-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 New Zealand general election, The election\nThe following new (or reconstituted) electorates were introduced in 1954: Heretaunga, Manukau, Rotorua, Stratford, Waipa and Waitemata. Two candidates, both called John Stewart, came second; in Auckland Central for National and in Eden for Labour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 47], "content_span": [48, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071908-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 New Zealand general election, The election\nPaddy Kearins also left parliament at the election. His electorate of Waimarino was abolished and he failed to gain selection to stand for Labour in the replacement electorate of Rotorua.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 47], "content_span": [48, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071908-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 New Zealand general election, Results\nThe 1954 election saw the governing National Party re-elected with a ten-seat margin (and fewer votes than Labour), a drop from the twenty-seat margin it previously held. National won forty-five seats to the Labour Party's thirty-five. The popular vote was much closer, however, with the two parties separated by only 0.2%. No seats were won by minor party candidates or by independents, but the new Social Credit Party managed to win 11.2% of the vote, and it can be argued that Social Credit saved the National Government by providing an alternative to Labour and so minimising the two-party swing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 643]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071908-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 New Zealand general election, Results, Votes summary\nThe table below shows the results of the 1954 general election:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 57], "content_span": [58, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071909-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 New Zealand rugby league season\nThe 1954 New Zealand rugby league season was the 47th season of rugby league that had been played in New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071909-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 New Zealand rugby league season, International competitions\nNew Zealand lost a Test series to Great Britain 1-2. New Zealand included; Des White, Cyril Eastlake, Ron McKay, Tommy Baxter, Jimmy Edwards, George Menzies, captain Jimmy Haig, Cliff Johnson, Roy Roff, Bill McLennan, John Bond, Frank Mulcare, Alister Atkinson, Ron Ackland, Vern Bakalich, Bill Sorensen, Lory Blanchard, Jock Butterfield and Jim Austin. Wingham Park hosted one of the matches, its only test to date. With a capacity of 4000 it became the smallest test venue in the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 64], "content_span": [65, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071909-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 New Zealand rugby league season, International competitions\nAuckland defeated Great Britain 5-4 at Carlaw Park while Canterbury lost 60-14 to the Lions and the South Island lost 11-32. The Auckland match was a rough match which resulted in Nat Silcock and Jack Wilkinson being sent off and a serious spleen injury to Des White from an illegal Doug Greenall tackle. Auckland included Des White, Jim Austin, Ron Ackland, Tommy Baxter, Jimmy Edwards, Cyril Eastlake, Len Eriksen, Joe Ratima, Roy Roff, Cliff Johnson, Doug Richards-Jolley, John Yates and Ian Grey. The South Island included Cliff Harris, Keith Roberts, Les McNicol, George Menzies, Jimmy Haig, Bill McLennan, Lory Blanchard, John Bond, Jock Butterfield, Frank Mulcare and Alister Atkinson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 64], "content_span": [65, 757]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071909-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 New Zealand rugby league season, International competitions\nThe Kiwis then competed in the first ever World Cup, losing matches to Australia, Great Britain and France. The Kiwis toured the United States on their way back from the World Cup. New Zealand were coached by Jim Amos and included Doug Anderson, Jimmy Edwards, Neville Denton, Jim Austin, Ron McKay, captain Cyril Eastlake, Bill Sorensen, George Menzies, Len Eriksen, Lory Blanchard, John Bond, Cliff Johnson, Bill McLennan, Jock Butterfield, George McDonald, John Yates, vice-captain Alister Atkinson and Ian Grey. After the World Cup New Zealand played a Test match against Australia at Hilton Park in Wigan, losing 18-5. They then played two exhibition matches against Australia on the way home, in Los Angeles and Long Beach, California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 64], "content_span": [65, 806]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071909-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 New Zealand rugby league season, National competitions, Northern Union Cup\nAuckland again held the Northern Union Cup at the end of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 79], "content_span": [80, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071909-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 New Zealand rugby league season, National competitions, Inter-district competition\nAuckland toured the South Island in June, defeating Canterbury 35-15 and the West Coast 30-14 at Wingham Park. It was the first time Auckland had defeated the West Coast at home since before World War Two.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 87], "content_span": [88, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071909-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 New Zealand rugby league season, National competitions, Inter-district competition\nAuckland included Cliff Johnson, Ron Ackland, Bill Sorensen, Ian Grey, Jim Austin, Des White and Cyril Eastlake. Canterbury included Alister Atkinson, Trevor Kilkelly, Jock Butterfield, John Bond, Mel Cooke, Cyril Paskell and Joe Curtain. The West Coast included George Menzies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 87], "content_span": [88, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071909-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 New Zealand rugby league season, Club competitions, Auckland\nPonsonby won the Auckland Rugby League's Fox Memorial Trophy. They also shared the Rukutai Shield with Mt Albert while North Shore won the Roope Rooster and Stormont Shield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 65], "content_span": [66, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071910-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Nigerian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Nigeria between October and December 1954. The Northern People's Congress emerged as the largest party, winning 84 of the 184 seats. However, the NPC only won seats in the Northern Region. Although the National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons won the most seats in the Eastern and Western Regions, Action Group was the only party to win seats in all three regions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071910-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Nigerian general election, Electoral system\nThe elections were held using different systems in the different provinces. Direct elections were held in Lagos and the Eastern and Western regions, whilst electoral colleges were used in Southern Cameroons and Northern Region.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 48], "content_span": [49, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071910-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Nigerian general election, Electoral system\nHalf of the 184 seats were allocated to the Northern Region, 42 to each of the Eastern and Western region, six to Southern Cameroons and two to Lagos.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 48], "content_span": [49, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071911-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Nippon Professional Baseball season\nThe 1954 Nippon Professional Baseball season was the fifth season of operation of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071912-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Nobel Prize in Literature\nThe 1954 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded the American author Ernest Hemingway \"for his mastery of the art of narrative, most recently demonstrated in The Old Man and the Sea, and for the influence that he has exerted on contemporary style.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071912-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Nobel Prize in Literature, Laureate\nErnest Hemingway is known for novels such as The Sun Also Rises (1926), A Farewell to Arms (1929), For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940), The Old Man and the Sea (1952), and also for his short stories.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071912-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Nobel Prize in Literature, Nominations and prize decision\nErnest Hemingway was nominated for the prize on four occasions between 1947 and 1954, the first three times by members of the Swedish Academy and in 1954 by an Austrian professor of English lingustics. In total the Nobel committee received 35 nominations for 27 individuals in 1954, including six nominations for Halld\u00f3r Kiljan Laxness (who was awarded the prize in 1955). Other nominated authors included Andr\u00e9 Malraux, Albert Camus, Juan Ram\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez, Nikos Kazantzakis, E. M. Forster, Gottfried Benn and Robert Frost. According to The New York Times Hemingway had been a serious contender for the prize in 1953, but his candidacy was postponed as members of the Academy thought that Hemingway and his wife may have perished in an air crash in Africa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 817]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071912-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Nobel Prize in Literature, Reactions\nHemingway was a favourite to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954 along with Halld\u00f3r Kiljan Laxness. \"I am very pleased and very proud to receive the Nobel Prize for Literature,\"  Hemingway said in an interview, but was not be able to go to Stockholm to receive the award because of injuries he suffered in two plane crashes in Africa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071913-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 North Carolina College Eagles football team\nThe 1954 North Carolina College Eagles football team was an American football team that represented North Carolina College in the Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association (CIAA) during the 1954 college football season. In their tenth season under head coach Herman Riddick, the Eagles compiled a 7\u20131\u20131 record (6\u20130\u20131 against conference opponents), defeated Tennessee State in the National Classic, and outscored all opponents by a total of 180 to 57. The Eagles were recognized as a 1954 black college national co-champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 575]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071914-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 North Carolina Tar Heels football team\nThe 1954 North Carolina Tar Heels football team represented the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill during the 1954 college football season. The Tar Heels were led by second-year head coach George T. Barclay, and played their home games at Kenan Memorial Stadium. The team competed as a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference, in the conference's second season of football, finishing in third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071915-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 North Dakota Fighting Sioux football team\nThe 1954 North Dakota Fighting Sioux football team, also known as the Nodaks, was an American football team that represented the University of North Dakota in the North Central Conference (NCC) during the 1954 college football season. In its fifth year under head coach Frank Zazula, the team compiled a 4\u20135 record (3\u20133 against NCC opponents), tied for third place out of seven teams in the NCC, and outscored opponents by a total of 200 to 182. The team played its home games at Memorial Stadium in Grand Forks, North Dakota.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071916-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 North Dakota State Bison football team\nThe 1954 North Dakota State Bison football team was an American football team that represented North Dakota State University during the 1954 college football season as a member of the North Central Conference. In their first year under head coach Del Anderson, the team compiled a 1\u20137\u20131 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071917-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 North Dakota gubernatorial election\nThe 1954 North Dakota gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1954. Incumbent Republican Norman Brunsdale defeated Democratic nominee Cornelius Bymers with 64.21% of the vote. As of 2021, this is the last time Rolette County voted for the Republican candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071918-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Northeast Louisiana State Indians football team\nThe 1954 Northeast Louisiana State Indians football team was an American football team that represented Northeast Louisiana State College (now known as the University of Louisiana at Monroe) in the Gulf States Conference during the 1954 college football season. In their first year under head coach Devone Payne, the team compiled a 1\u20138\u20131 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071919-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Northern Illinois State Huskies football team\nThe 1954 Northern Illinois State Huskies football team represented Northern Illinois State Teachers College during the 1954 college football season. There were no divisions of college football during this time period and the Huskies competed in the Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference. They were led by head coach Chick Evans in his 26th and final year and played their home games at the 5,500 seat Glidden Field, located on the east end of campus.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 510]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071920-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Northern Rhodesian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Northern Rhodesia on 19 February 1954. The result was a victory for the Federal Party, which won 10 of the 12 elected European seats in the Legislative Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071920-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Northern Rhodesian general election, Campaign\nAlthough Geoffrey Beckett, leader of the elected members in the Legislative Council, had called for the elections to be fought on a non-party basis, the Federal Party voted to contest the elections at a congress held on 6 January. Beckett was prevented from contesting the elections after his nomination papers were rejected by the returning officer after he failed to return his declaration form in time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 50], "content_span": [51, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071920-0001-0001", "contents": "1954 Northern Rhodesian general election, Campaign\nIn Livingstone the local Federal Party selected Llewellyn Oxenham as its candidate, but the party headquarters refused to ratify his nomination, instead nominating Harry Thom, who it was widely thought would stand down if he was elected to allow Beckett to be stand in a by-election. The Ndola branch's selection of its candidate being overruled by the party executive after it was claimed new members had been enrolled and votes had been solicited in the bar of the local railway club where the vote took place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 50], "content_span": [51, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071920-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Northern Rhodesian general election, Campaign\nThe Confederate Party opted not to contest the elections, although some members were running as independents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 50], "content_span": [51, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071920-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Northern Rhodesian general election, Results\nIn mining towns Federal Party candidates defeated independents backed by the European Mineworkers Union and the European Salaried Staff Association. The only two seats in which they were defeated were the Midlands constituency near Lusaka (won by John Gaunt) and Livingstone, where Frank Derby won by 11 votes after the Federal Party vote was split between Oxenham and Thom. Both Derby and Gaunt were members of the Confederate Party. Voter turnout was between 70 and 80% in the mining areas, but lower in other constituencies, and around 60% overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 49], "content_span": [50, 601]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071920-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Northern Rhodesian general election, Aftermath\nOn 13 January four African members (Robinson Nabulyato from Southern Province, Safeli Chileshe from Central Province, Paskale Sokota from Western Province and Lakement Ngaundu from Northern Province) had been nominated for membership of the Assembly by the Northern Rhodesian African Representative Council from a field of 14 candidates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 51], "content_span": [52, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071921-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Northwest Territories general election\nThe 1954 Northwest Territories general election was held on September 7, 1954. It was the only provincial / territorial election held in Canada that year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071921-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Northwest Territories general election\nThis election saw the number of elected candidates increase by one.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071922-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Northwestern Wildcats football team\nThe 1954 Northwestern Wildcats team represented Northwestern University during the 1954 Big Ten Conference football season. In their eighth year under head coach Bob Voigts, the Wildcats compiled a 2\u20137 record (1-5 against Big Ten Conference opponents), finished in a tie for eighth place in the Big Ten, and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 142 to 101.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071923-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Norwegian Football Cup\nThe 1954 Norwegian Football Cup was the 49th season of the Norwegian annual knockout football tournament. The tournament was open for all members of NFF, except those from Northern Norway. The final was played at Ullevaal Stadion in Oslo on 24 October 1954, and was contested by six-time winners Fredrikstad, and Skeid, who had won the cup once (1947). Skeid secured their second title with a 3-0 win in the final. Viking was the defending champions, but was eliminated by Larvik Turn in the quarterfinal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071924-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team\nThe 1954 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team represented the University of Notre Dame during the 1954 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071924-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team, Team players drafted into the NFL\nThe following players were drafted into professional football following the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 79], "content_span": [80, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071925-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Ohio Bobcats football team\nThe 1954 Ohio Bobcats football team was an American football team that represented Ohio University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1954 college football season. In their seventh season under head coach Carroll Widdoes, the Bobcats compiled a 6\u20133 record (5\u20132 against MAC opponents), finished in third place in the MAC, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 175 to 158.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071926-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Ohio State Buckeyes football team\nThe 1954 Ohio State Buckeyes football team represented the Ohio State University in the 1954 Big Ten Conference football season. The team was led by quarterback Dave Leggett and captains John Borton and Dick Brubaker. They were the second national title team in Ohio State football history. They were coached by Hall of Fame coach Woody Hayes. The Buckeyes were awarded the title by the AP Poll and represented the Big Ten Conference in the Rose Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071926-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Ohio State Buckeyes football team\nThe Buckeyes finished the 1953 season with a record of 6\u20133. They were ranked #20 in the preseason AP Poll, but dropped out of the first in-season poll, which was issued before their season opener. However, six weeks later, the Buckeyes had risen to the top of the AP Poll. Their rise from unranked to #1 in six weeks stood as an AP Poll record for 60 years until being broken by Mississippi State in 2014. The Buckeyes defeated six ranked teams to capture their first league title under fourth year Coach Hayes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 550]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071926-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Ohio State Buckeyes football team\nLed by their powerful defense, the Bucks beat the #2 Wisconsin Badgers and their eventual Heisman Trophy winner Alan Ameche on an 88-yard interception return by  Howard \"Hopalong\" Cassady, who won the award the following year. The Buckeye defense forced 35 turnovers during the season and allowed only two teams to score more than one touchdown", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071926-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Ohio State Buckeyes football team\nIn their game against the Michigan Wolverines, the Bucks held a goal-line stand and then drove 99 yards for a touchdown. The AP Poll declared the Bucks to be number one while the UPI Coaches Poll opted for the 9\u20130,  Pacific Coast Conference champion the UCLA Bruins. However, because of the \"no repeat rule\" the Bruins were locked out of the Rose Bowl leaving the Buckeyes to play second place USC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071926-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Ohio State Buckeyes football team\nThe 1955 Rose Bowl was played during a rainstorm in poor field conditions. However, Ohio State managed to gain 304 yards and hold the Trojans to only six first downs. USC's only score came on an 86-yard punt return. The team finished 10\u20130 for the first time in school history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071927-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Ohio gubernatorial election\nThe 1954 Ohio gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1954. Incumbent Democrat Frank Lausche defeated Republican nominee Jim Rhodes with 54.10% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071928-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Oklahoma A&M Aggies baseball team\nThe 1954 Oklahoma A&M Aggies baseball team represented the Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechanical College in the 1954 NCAA baseball season. The team was coached by Toby Greene in his 11th year at Oklahoma A&M.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071928-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Oklahoma A&M Aggies baseball team\nThe Aggies won the District VI Playoff to advanced to the College World Series, where they were defeated by the Missouri Tigers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071929-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Oklahoma A&M Cowboys football team\nThe 1954 Oklahoma A&M Cowboys football team represented Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechanical College (later renamed Oklahoma State University\u2013Stillwater) in the Missouri Valley Conference during the 1954 college football season. In their fifth and final season under head coach Jennings B. Whitworth, the Cowboys compiled a 5\u20134\u20131 record (2\u20132 against conference opponents), finished in third place in the conference, and outscored opponents by a combined total of 161 to 119.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071929-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Oklahoma A&M Cowboys football team\nOn offense, the 1954 team averaged 16.1 points scored, 229.3 rushing yards, and 56.5 passing yards per game. On defense, the team allowed an average of 11.9 points scored, 163.0 rushing yards and 68.8 passing yards per game. The team's statistical leaders included fullback Earl Lunsford with 761 rushing yards and 54 points scored, Fred Duvall with 195 passing yards, and Chester Spencer with 119 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071929-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Oklahoma A&M Cowboys football team\nTwo Oklahoma A&M players received first-team All-Missouri Valley Conference honors: end Bob LaRue and tackle Dale Meinert.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071929-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Oklahoma A&M Cowboys football team\nThe team played its home games at Lewis Field in Stillwater, Oklahoma.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071929-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Oklahoma A&M Cowboys football team, After the season\nThe 1955 NFL Draft was held on January 27\u201328, 1955. The following Cowboys were selected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 57], "content_span": [58, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071930-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Oklahoma Sooners football team\nThe 1954 Oklahoma Sooners football team (variously \"Oklahoma\", \"OU\", or the \"Sooners\") represented the University of Oklahoma in the 1954 college football season, the sixtieth season of Sooner football. Led by eighth-year head coach Bud Wilkinson, they played their home games at Oklahoma Memorial Stadium in Norman, Oklahoma, and were members of the Big Seven Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071930-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Oklahoma Sooners football team\nThe Sooners went undefeated and were ranked third in both final polls, released in late November at the end of the regular season. Because of a conference \"no-repeat\" rule, Oklahoma did not play in a bowl game. Unranked runner-up Nebraska was invited to the Orange Bowl, and was defeated 34\u20137 by No. 14 Duke.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071930-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Oklahoma Sooners football team, Postseason, NFL draft\nThe following players were drafted into the National Football League following the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 58], "content_span": [59, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071931-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Oklahoma gubernatorial election\nThe 1954 Oklahoma gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1954, and was a race for the Governor of Oklahoma. Democrat Raymond Gary defeated Republican Reuben K. Sparks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071932-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Ole Miss Rebels football team\nThe 1954 Ole Miss Rebels football team represented the University of Mississippi during the 1954 college football season. The Rebels were led by eighth-year head coach Johnny Vaught and played their home games at Hemingway Stadium in Oxford, Mississippi and Crump Stadium in Memphis, Tennessee. Ole Miss was champion of the Southeastern Conference, finishing the regular season with a record of 9\u20131 (5\u20130 SEC), and ranked 6th in both major polls. They were invited to the 1955 Sugar Bowl, where they lost to Navy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071933-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Omloop Het Volk\nThe 1954 Omloop Het Volk was the tenth edition of the Omloop Het Volk cycle race and was held on 14 March 1954. The race started and finished in Ghent. The race was won by Karel De Baere.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071934-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Onslow by-election\nThe 1954 Onslow by-election was a by-election for the electorate of Onslow during the 30th New Zealand Parliament. It resulted from the death of the Labour Member of Parliament Harry Combs on 12 June 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071934-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Onslow by-election, Background\nIn February 1954 Combs announced he would retire at the general election later that year owing to ill health. As a result, Labour had already prepared to replace him in the electorate and at the time of Combs' death, Henry May, a member of the Petone Borough Council, had already been selected as the Labour candidate. May's selection had been something of a surprise as the former Labour Party president James Roberts was the other candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071934-0001-0001", "contents": "1954 Onslow by-election, Background\nThe National Party decided not to stand a candidate as it had already selected Wilfred Fortune (the sitting MP for Eden) to contest Onslow at the upcoming general election. National wanted to avoid confusion by putting up a proxy candidate and likewise did not wish to cause a by-election in Eden should Fortune be victorious.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071934-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Onslow by-election, Background\nThe government intended it to coincide with the upcoming Patea by-election, even passing the  to postpone it until the day of the Onslow by-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071934-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Onslow by-election, Result\nAs a general election was due towards the end of 1954 (and was held on 13 November), the nominated Labour candidate Henry May was not opposed, so was declared elected (from midday on 7 July 1954) when the writs closed for candidates. It marked the last time, to date, that a candidate for the House of Representatives has been returned unopposed. As May was declared elected when the writs closed on 7 July it rendered the government's attempt to have the Patea election held back until 31 July pointless.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071934-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Onslow by-election, Result\nMay first learned of his default victory via a telegram from Petone MP Mick Moohan inviting him to attend that evening's session of parliament. May did so and was sworn in as an MP that very evening. At the general election in November May defeated Fortune by 519 votes, confirming him as the MP.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071935-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Open Championship\nThe 1954 Open Championship was the 90th Open Championship, played 7\u20139 July at Royal Birkdale Golf Club in Southport, England. Peter Thomson, age 23, won the first of his five Open titles by one stroke over runners-up Bobby Locke, Dai Rees, and Syd Scott. This was the first time the championship was held at Royal Birkdale.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071935-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Open Championship\nThe total prize money was increased forty percent, from \u00a32,500 to \u00a33,500. The winner received \u00a3750 with \u00a3500 for second, \u00a3350 for third, \u00a3200 for fourth, \u00a3150 for fifth, \u00a3100 for sixth, \u00a375 for seventh and eighth, \u00a350 for ninth and tenth, \u00a330 for next 15 places and then \u00a325 each for the next 25 players. The \u00a33,500 was completed with a \u00a325 prize for winning the qualification event and four \u00a325 prizes for the lowest score in each round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071935-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Open Championship\nQualifying took place on 5\u20136 July, Monday and Tuesday, with 18 holes on the Championship course and 18 holes at Hillside Golf Club. The number of qualifiers was limited to a maximum of 100, and ties for 100th place would not qualify. On Monday, John McGonigle set a new course record of 65 on the Hillside course. Norman Von Nida led the qualifiers on 137, four ahead of the rest. and McGonigle shot 80 at Royal Birkdale for 145; the qualifying score was 151 and 97 players advanced. After a long voyage from America, Toney Penna and Jim Turnesa were amongst the group of sixteen on 151 who narrowly qualified.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 633]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071935-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Open Championship\nSam King and Bill Spence established a new course record at 69 in the opening round on Wednesday. It lasted just one day as Syd Scott bettered it in on Thursday with a 67, but Spence retained the lead after 36 holes at 141, one ahead of Antonio Cerd\u00e1, with Scott, Dai Rees, Thomson, and King one stroke back in a tie for third. A maximum of 50 players could make the cut after 36 holes, but ties for 50th place were not included. It was at 151 (+5) and fifty players advanced to the final two rounds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071935-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Open Championship\nScott continued his hot play in the third round, scoring a 69. Thomson and Rees also carded 69 and joined him at the top of the leaderboard going into the final round. Scott shot a 72 over the last 18-holes, posting a clubhouse lead of 284. Rees also posted 284 after missing a putt at the 18th. Thomson missed a short putt at the 12th, but managed to get up-and-down from a bunker at 16. He went to the 17th needing a par and a bogey on his last two holes to become the new clubhouse leader.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071935-0004-0001", "contents": "1954 Open Championship\nHe got the par, but at 18 he found trouble in a bunker. He again managed a superb recovery, and while he missed his first putt he easily tapped in for a round of 71 and a 283 total. Bobby Locke had a chance to tie Thomson with a 3 at the last, but his birdie putt came up just short making Thomson the winner of the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071935-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Open Championship\nThis win was the first in a run of three consecutive Open Championship titles by Thomson, becoming the first player since Bob Ferguson from 1880-82 to win three straight Opens. Altogether he would win three of the next four Opens and add another win in 1965, which was also held at Royal Birkdale. Thomson was the first Australian to win the Open Championship, and the youngest champion since Bobby Jones.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071935-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 Open Championship\nThree-time Masters champion Jimmy Demaret made his only Open Championship appearance this year and tied for tenth place. Defending champion Ben Hogan did not compete; his victory in 1953 at Carnoustie was his only Open Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071935-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 Open Championship, Round summaries, Second round\nAmateurs: Toogood (+1), Stranahan (+2), Stockdale (+6), Timms (+6),Bachli (+7), Brews (+8), Coogan (+8), Shephard (+8), Wroe (+10),Wolstenholme (+11), Heard (+12), Stevens (+19).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 53], "content_span": [54, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071936-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Orange Bowl\nThe 1954 Orange Bowl was a postseason American college football bowl game between the first-ranked Maryland Terrapins and the fourth-ranked Oklahoma Sooners. It was the twentieth edition of the Orange Bowl and took place at the Orange Bowl stadium in Miami, Florida on January 1, 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071936-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Orange Bowl\nThe game was the first Orange Bowl to feature tie-ins between the Big Seven Conference and the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) champions. It was the first-ever meeting of the two teams. Maryland and Oklahoma were head coached by former colleagues Jim Tatum and Bud Wilkinson, respectively, who had previously coached together at the United States Navy's Iowa Pre-Flight School and the University of Oklahoma.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 425]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071936-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Orange Bowl, Pre-game buildup\nThe game was the first postseason bowl game in which the players were required to play on both the offense and defense. This was a result of the NCAA's newly instituted \"one-platoon\" rules that limited player substitutions. It also featured the Orange Bowl's first conference tie-in between the Big Seven and the ACC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 34], "content_span": [35, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071936-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Orange Bowl, Pre-game buildup, Maryland\nMaryland's head coach was Jim Tatum, who had compiled a record of 56\u201311\u20133. Before coming to Maryland, he spent one year as the Oklahoma head coach in 1946, where Bud Wilkinson had served as his assistant coach. The Maryland team was ranked first in the nation in the final rankings of both the Associated Press (AP) Poll and the United Press Coaches' Poll. Maryland finished the regular season with a perfect 10\u20130\u00a0record with the narrowest win being a 20\u20136 victory over Don Faurot's Missouri. They also recorded shutout wins over 11th-ranked Mississippi, 38\u20130, and 11th-ranked Alabama, 21\u20130. Tatum said, \"this is the greatest team I ever coached.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 44], "content_span": [45, 692]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071936-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Orange Bowl, Pre-game buildup, Maryland\nDuring the regular season, the Maryland defense allowed opponents to score 31\u00a0points in ten games and recorded six defensive shut-outs. Only Georgia scored more than seven points. No ACC team has since held opponents to an equal or lesser number of points. Maryland's rushing defense (83.9\u00a0yards allowed per game) and scoring defense (3.1\u00a0points allowed per game) ranked first in the nation. Maryland outscored its opponents 298\u201331. No ACC team scored more total points until 1967. Maryland's star quarterback, Bernie Faloney, was injured midseason and saw limited game action for the remainder of the year. Back-up quarterback Charlie Boxold filled in for the majority of the Orange Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 44], "content_span": [45, 734]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071936-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Orange Bowl, Pre-game buildup, Oklahoma\nOklahoma was led by seventh-year head coach Bud Wilkinson. He assumed the position after Tatum resigned to leave for Maryland. The two had also served as assistant coaches in the U.S. Navy for the Iowa Pre-Flight football team under Don Faurot. Faurot pioneered the split-T offense that both Tatum and Wilkinsons' teams employed. Since taking over at Oklahoma, Wilkinson had a 62\u20138\u20133\u00a0record. Oklahoma entered the game on an eight-game winning streak with a single loss in the season-opener to Notre Dame and a tie in Week 2 against Pittsburgh. Oklahoma also had an injured quarterback; second-stringer Pat O'Neal separated his sternum at Miami and missed the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 44], "content_span": [45, 709]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071936-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 Orange Bowl, Pre-game buildup, Oklahoma\nWilkinson reportedly compiled fake playbooks and had them distributed where they would be discovered by Maryland personnel. Wilkinson later admitted that he had indeed used the ruse on occasion, without specifically stating it was employed before the 1954 Orange Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 44], "content_span": [45, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071936-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 Orange Bowl, Game summary\nIn the first quarter, Maryland started with the wind to their backs. Bill Walker kicked a punt that pinned Oklahoma on their own one-foot line. Oklahoma quarterback Gene Calame rushed twice to gain some breathing room before the Sooners punted it away. Maryland took over on the Oklahoma 37-yard line. Quarterback Charlie Boxold completed a nine-yard pass to Dick Nolan. Halfback Chet Hanulak then connected with Nolan again. That was followed by a first down by fullback Ralph Felton on the Oklahoma four-yard line. Hanulak rushed to pick up two\u00a0yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 30], "content_span": [31, 584]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071936-0007-0001", "contents": "1954 Orange Bowl, Game summary\nNolan then ran to the left but was stopped by Oklahoma back Larry Grigg for no gain. Hanulak rushed again to pick up one more yard. Felton rushed from the one-yard line, but was stopped six\u00a0inches shy of the end zone, and Maryland turned over on downs. Maryland again drove inside the Oklahoma 10-yard line. Wilkinson sent in the alternate line-up and Oklahoma again stopped Maryland short. The Sooners fumbled at their own 20-yard line, but the Terrapins again failed to capitalize.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 30], "content_span": [31, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071936-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 Orange Bowl, Game summary\nIn the second quarter, Maryland advanced to the Oklahoma 20-yard line, and Tatum elected for a field goal attempt. Now against the wind, the kick failed, with the ball going wide right. The Sooners took over on downs and halfback Jack Ging completed a pass to end Max Boydston for a five-yard gain. Ging then rushed for three\u00a0yards. On the next play, Calame pitched to Grigg who ran to the left and picked up 12\u00a0yards for a first down. Calame then completed a pass to back Bob Burris for six\u00a0yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 30], "content_span": [31, 529]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071936-0008-0001", "contents": "1954 Orange Bowl, Game summary\nGrigg faked a pass and ran to the right for a gain of 12\u00a0yards and a first down on the Maryland 39-yard line. The Terrapins stopped two Sooner rushing attempts before Calame connected with Burris again for an 11-yard gain. Burris then rushed for three\u00a0more yards to advance to the Maryland 25. Tatum called a time-out. On third down with one\u00a0yard to go, Calame faked a handoff to Ging and executed an option run to the left. He pitched to Grigg and threw a block. Grigg was tackled at the goal-line but managed to extend his body into the endzone. Buddy Leake made the extra point. Shortly before halftime, Calame suffered a separated collarbone. With back-up Pat O'Neal also injured, only third-string quarterback Jack Van Pool remained, and he had little game experience.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 30], "content_span": [31, 804]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071936-0009-0000", "contents": "1954 Orange Bowl, Game summary\nIn the third quarter, Walker attempted to punt for Maryland. Oklahoma tackle Don Brown escaped a block from Stan Jones and closed in on Walker. The punter held onto the ball and attempted to run, but Brown tackled him for a 12-yard loss. Later, Leake punted and Hanulak returned and threatened to score. Leake, the last man between Hanulak and the endzone, made the tackle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 30], "content_span": [31, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071936-0010-0000", "contents": "1954 Orange Bowl, Game summary\nIn the fourth quarter, Boxold threw a long pass into the endzone, but it was intercepted by Grigg for a touchback with four\u00a0minutes remaining. Van Pool led a 41-yard drive to the Maryland 39-yard line before time expired.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 30], "content_span": [31, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071936-0011-0000", "contents": "1954 Orange Bowl, Statistical summary\nOklahoma back Larry Grigg managed to score the only touchdown of the game and Buddy Leake made the extra point. Grigg led the Sooners in rushing with 89\u00a0yards on 13\u00a0carries. Maryland was led by Felton who gained 51\u00a0yards on ten\u00a0carries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 37], "content_span": [38, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071936-0012-0000", "contents": "1954 Orange Bowl, Statistical summary\nQuarterback Charlie Boxold led Maryland in passing with three completions on nine\u00a0attempts for 42\u00a0yards. Dick Nolan led in receiving with two\u00a0receptions for 31\u00a0yards. Oklahoma's passing was led by quarterback Gene Calame before he was put out of the game by injury. He completed four of four\u00a0pass attempts for 22\u00a0yards. Bob Burris was the Sooners' leading receiver with three\u00a0receptions for 17\u00a0yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 37], "content_span": [38, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071936-0013-0000", "contents": "1954 Orange Bowl, Post-game effects\nAt the time, the final rankings were declared before postseason games. Therefore, Maryland had been declared the national championship team by the Associated Press, United Press, and International News Service, and remained the consensus national champions despite the loss. Some selectors have retroactively named Notre Dame and Oklahoma the national champions. With a 10\u20131\u00a0finish, Maryland possessed the best record in the nation. It was the first time Maryland had suffered a shutout in 51\u00a0games, the last being in 1948 at the hands of Vanderbilt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 35], "content_span": [36, 586]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071936-0014-0000", "contents": "1954 Orange Bowl, Post-game effects\nFor Oklahoma, it was their ninth-straight win, and the team finished the 1953 season with a 9\u20131\u20131\u00a0record. The game was part of a streak that, under head coach Wilkinson, would last 47\u00a0games. To date, that winning streak is the longest compiled by any NCAA major college football team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 35], "content_span": [36, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071936-0015-0000", "contents": "1954 Orange Bowl, Post-game effects\nOklahoma head coach Wilkinson declined to declare his team the national champions. He addressed his team in the locker room, saying, \"It was a helluva ball game. Desire, spirit, effort\u2014anything you want to call it\u2014won for us today.\" Maryland head coach Tatum said at the post-game party, \"Bud outcoached me.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 35], "content_span": [36, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071937-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Oregon State Beavers football team\nThe 1954 Oregon State Beavers football team represented Oregon State College in the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) during the 1954 college football season. In their sixth and final season under head coach Kip\u00a0Taylor, the Beavers compiled a 1\u20138 record (1\u20136 in PCC, last), and were outscored 296\u00a0to\u00a060. The\u00a0team won the opener at home against Idaho, but then had eight consecutive losses. The Beavers played three home games on campus at Parker Stadium in Corvallis, with one at Multnomah Stadium in Portland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071937-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Oregon State Beavers football team\nThe loss to Oregon in the Civil War was Taylor's first to the rival Ducks; he\u00a0resigned two days later, as did his three assistants (Len\u00a0Younce (line), Ward\u00a0Cuff (backs), and Hal\u00a0Moe (ends)). In\u00a0six years, Taylor had  an overall record of 20\u201336\u20130 (.357), 15\u201330 in\u00a0PCC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071938-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Oregon Webfoots baseball team\nThe 1954 Oregon Webfoots baseball team represented the University of Oregon in the 1954 NCAA baseball season. The Webfoots played their home games at Howe Field. The team was coached by Don Kirsch in his 7th year at Oregon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071938-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Oregon Webfoots baseball team\nThe Webfoots won the District VII Playoff to advanced to the College World Series, where they were defeated by the UMass Minutemen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071939-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Oregon Webfoots football team\nThe 1954 Oregon Webfoots football team represented the University of Oregon in the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) during the 1954 college football season. In their fourth season under head coach Len Casanova, the Webfoots compiled a 6\u20134 record (5\u20133 in PCC, third), and outscored their opponents 218 to 159. The team played its home games on campus in Eugene at Hayward Field, and at Multnomah Stadium in Portland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071939-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Oregon Webfoots football team\nOn a morning deer hunt east of Eugene in mid-October, senior guard Jack Patera of Portland mistakenly shot and killed former Oregon teammate Ken Sweitzer, a graduate assistant. It was ruled accidental and he was cleared of negligence. This was the second death for the team in two months; in mid-August, junior guard Doyle Higdon of Cottage Grove was killed in a logging explosion while removing stumps.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071939-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Oregon Webfoots football team\nOregon won all four games against northwest PCC opponents; their next sweep came 26 years later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071940-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Oregon gubernatorial election\nThe 1954 Oregon gubernatorial election took place on November 2, 1954. Republican incumbent Paul L. Patterson defeated Democratic nominee Joseph K. Carson to win the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071941-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Orsz\u00e1gos Bajnoks\u00e1g I (men's water polo)\n1954 Orsz\u00e1gos Bajnoks\u00e1g I (men's water polo) was the 48th water polo championship in Hungary. There were twelve teams who played one-round match for the title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071941-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Orsz\u00e1gos Bajnoks\u00e1g I (men's water polo), Final list\n* M: Matches W: Win D: Drawn L: Lost G+: Goals earned G-: Goals got P: Point", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 56], "content_span": [57, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071942-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Ottawa Rough Riders season\nThe 1954 Ottawa Rough Riders finished in 4th place in the IRFU with a 2\u201312 record and failed to qualify for the playoffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071943-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Ottawa municipal election\nThe city of Ottawa, Canada held municipal elections on December 6, 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071944-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 PGA Championship\nThe 1954 PGA Championship was the 36th PGA Championship, held July 21\u201327 at Keller Golf Club in Maplewood, Minnesota, a suburb north of St. Paul. Chick Harbert won the match play championship, 4 & 3 over defending champion Walter Burkemo in the Tuesday final; the winner's share was $5,000 and the runner-up's was $3,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071944-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 PGA Championship\nIt marked the second time the PGA Championship returned to a venue; public Keller had also hosted in 1932; Oakmont near Pittsburgh hosted in 1922 and 1951. It was the third and last final for the two finalists, both from the Detroit area; each had one victory and two losses. Harbert lost in 1947 and 1952, while Burkemo lost in 1951 and won in 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071944-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 PGA Championship\nIn the finals, Burkemo eagled the first hole and was three up after four holes, but soon cooled off; the match was even on the twelfth tee and Harbert led by one at the lunch break. The afternoon round was bogey-free for both, but Harbert had five birdies to Burkemo's two and the match ended on the 33rd green.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071944-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 PGA Championship\nEd \"Porky\" Oliver won $250 as the medalist in the stroke-play qualifying with a 136 (\u22126); he fell 3 & 1 in the third round to eventual champion Harbert.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071944-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 PGA Championship, Format\nThe match play format at the PGA Championship in 1954 called for 12 rounds (216 holes) in seven days:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 29], "content_span": [30, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071945-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Pacific Tigers football team\nThe 1954 Pacific Tigers football team represented the College of the Pacific during the 1954 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071945-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Pacific Tigers football team\nPacific competed as an independent in 1954. They played home games in Pacific Memorial Stadium in Stockton, California. In their second season under head coach Jack Myers, the Tigers finished with a record of four wins and five losses (4\u20135). For the season they were outscored by their opponents 99\u2013118.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071945-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Pacific Tigers football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo College of the Pacific players were selected in the 1955 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071945-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Pacific Tigers football team, Team players in the NFL\nThe following finished their college career in 1954, were not drafted, but played in the NFL.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071946-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Pacific hurricane season\nThe 1954 Pacific hurricane season featured below-average activity, with eleven tropical storms identified. The season officially started on May\u00a015 and lasted until November\u00a030. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the Pacific basin. The majority of the year's storm remained offshore and caused little to no adverse impact on land. However, a tropical storm in October brought flooding rain to Mexico and Guatemala that left five people dead and thousands homeless. An unknown disease in the storm's wake killed a further 35\u00a0people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 620]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071946-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Pacific hurricane season\nThe relative lack of activity is a byproduct of limited monitoring tools at the time. In 1954, Pacific hurricanes were only able to be identified by ship reports (either post-trip logs or in situ transmissions) and coastal observations. No more than eight coastal cities reported regular observations. Additionally, only two cities, Empalme, Sonora, and Mazatl\u00e1n, Sinaloa, launched radiosondes\u2014a key factor in detecting tropical cyclones at the time\u2014further limiting detection capabilities.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071946-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm One\nOn June\u00a017, an area of low pressure was identified on surface weather maps just off the coast of Guatemala. The following day, the system was classified as a tropical storm approximately 210\u00a0mi (340\u00a0km) southwest of Guatemala City. Tracking generally northwest, the system acquired maximum sustained winds of 50\u00a0mph (85\u00a0km/h). On June\u00a020\u201321, the storm moved parallel to the Mexican coastline before turning north on June\u00a022. It was last noted offshore on this day, approximately 50\u00a0mi (85\u00a0km) south of L\u00e1zaro C\u00e1rdenas, Michoac\u00e1n.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 58], "content_span": [59, 588]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071946-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Two\nTropical Storm Two existed from July 10 to July 16.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 58], "content_span": [59, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071946-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three\nRemnant moisture from this system led to rainfall over Arizona and California, with accumulations reaching 2\u00a0in (51\u00a0mm) in the latter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071946-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Five\nTropical Storm Five existed from September 2 to September 9.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 59], "content_span": [60, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071946-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Six\nTropical Storm Six existed from September 5 to September 9.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 58], "content_span": [59, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071946-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Seven\nTropical Storm Seven existed from September 15 to September 21.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071946-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Eight\nTropical Storm Eight existed from September 21 to September 27.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071946-0009-0000", "contents": "1954 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Ten\nTropical Storm Ten existed from October 12 to October 14. Surface weather maps indicate the system had a central pressure of at most 1000\u00a0mbar (hPa; 29.53\u00a0inHg) on October\u00a013.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 58], "content_span": [59, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071946-0010-0000", "contents": "1954 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Ten\nHeavy rains from the storm affected much of Mexico, impacting areas as far north as Tampico. Flooding along the P\u00e1nuco River rendered 160\u00a0people homeless; electrical service and water supplies were disrupted. The towns of Panuco and Revenadero were largely destroyed; thousands of acres of crops were submerged and livestock loss was severe. Five people died due to flooding in coastal towns near Tampico. An unidentified diseased in the storm's wake claimed 35\u00a0lives. Aid workers traveled along the swollen P\u00e1nuco River to distribute supplies, including food and snake bite serum. Severe flooding also plagued Guatemala, with thousands rendered homeless.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 58], "content_span": [59, 714]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071947-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Pacific typhoon season\nThe 1954 Pacific typhoon season has no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1954, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071947-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Pacific typhoon season\nThe scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean, north of the equator and west of the international date line. Storms that form east of the date line and north of the equator are called hurricanes; see 1954 Pacific hurricane season. Tropical Storms formed in the entire west Pacific basin were assigned a name by the Fleet Weather Center on Guam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071947-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Grace\nTyphoon Grace struck the Southern Japanese islands of Ky\u016bsh\u016b and Shikoku as well as Okinawa. 28\u00a0people were killed and 33 were missing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071947-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon June\nTyphoon June struck the Southern Japanese hitting the area west of Kanto especially hard. 107\u00a0people were killed and 39 were missing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071947-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Lorna\nTyphoon Lorna brushed the southern coast of the Japanese island of Shikoku. 34\u00a0people were killed and 20 were missing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071947-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Marie\nTyphoon Marie had a minimum pressure of 956 mb and a maximum windspeeds of 85\u00a0mph. Marie crossed the southern islands of Ky\u016bsh\u016b and Shikoku before turning northeast and striking Hokkaid\u014d island. Marie caused the ship Toya Maru to sink in the Tsugaru Strait. 1,361\u00a0people were killed and 400 were left missing. Due to this disaster, the typhoon is known in Japan as the Toya Maru Typhoon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071947-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Pamela\nOn October 27, Typhoon Pamela formed as a tropical depression. Pamela reached a peak of 900 mbar and 175 mph on November 1 and reached a secondary peak of 935 mbars on November 5. Pamela was one of three storms that reached Category 5 super typhoon status in the South China Sea, with others being Typhoon Rammasun of 2014 at 160 mph within 25 km east of Hainan island, and Typhoon Meranti of 2016, at 190 mph in the South China Sea within 100 km southwest of Taiwan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 52], "content_span": [53, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071947-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Pamela\nGusts at landfall just to the west of Macau reached 175 km/h in Waglan Island and 155 km/h in Hong Kong Observatory which were the strongest since November 10, 1900 when the mean hourly wind speed reached 113 km/h (71 mph or 61 kts) at the Royal Observatory in Tsim Sha Tsui, in par with Typhoon Gloria.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 52], "content_span": [53, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071948-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Palanca Awards\nThe Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature winners in the year 1954 (rank, title of winning entry, name of author).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071949-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Papua New Guinean general election\nGeneral elections were held in Papua and New Guinea on 2 October 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071949-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Papua New Guinean general election, Electoral system\nThe 29-member Legislative Council consisted of the Administrator, 16 civil servants, nine members appointed by the Administrator (three representatives of the indigenous population, three representing European settlers and three representing missionaries) and three elected Europeans. The Chinese community were also given the right to vote alongside Europeans. However, although there were around 13,000 Europeans and 2,000 Chinese in the territory, only around 2,700 people registered to vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 57], "content_span": [58, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071949-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Papua New Guinean general election, Electoral system\nThe three elected members were elected from three single-member constituencies, New Guinea Islands, New Guinea Mainland and Papua by preferential voting. Voting was not compulsory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 57], "content_span": [58, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071949-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Papua New Guinean general election, Campaign\nNominations for the three elected seats closed on 9 August, with five candidates put forward. The New Guinea Islands seat was contested by the incumbent Don Barrett and John Stokie, a plantation manager. In New Guinea Mainland, the incumbent Carl Jacobsen did not run, resulting in a contest between the theatre owner Harry Starr and optometrist and planter George Whittaker. Incumbent MLC Ernest James was the only candidate in Papua.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 49], "content_span": [50, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071949-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Papua New Guinean general election, Aftermath\nIn March 1955 Frank Lee was replaced by Thomas Grahamslaw. Later in the year missionary representative Frank George Lewis left the territory and was replaced in the Council by Philip Strong.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 50], "content_span": [51, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071950-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Paraguayan Primera Divisi\u00f3n season\nThe 1954 season of the Paraguayan Primera Divisi\u00f3n, the top category of Paraguayan football, was played by 11 teams. The national champions were Cerro Porte\u00f1o.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071951-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Paraguayan coup d'\u00e9tat\nThe 1954 Paraguayan coup d'\u00e9tat occurred in May 1954. It was led by Alfredo Stroessner, with the support of Epifanio M\u00e9ndez Fleitas, and resulted in the overthrow of the government of Federico Ch\u00e1vez. The coup was the culmination of a complex series of political rivalries within the ruling Colorado Party. Approximately 25 people were killed during the putsch, which helped set the stage for the election of Stroessner as president of Paraguay later that year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 489]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071951-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Paraguayan coup d'\u00e9tat, Background\nBy the 1950s, social and political stability in Paraguay had been severely eroded due to more than two decades of crises, including the Second Paraguayan Civil War, the Chaco War, and the pro-Nazi Party sympathies of former president Higinio Mor\u00ednigo. President Federico Ch\u00e1vez, who had declared a state of siege and initiated a crackdown against his political opponents shortly after taking office, faced an uncertain economic situation in Paraguay and turned to Central Bank president Epifanio M\u00e9ndez Fleitas to spearhead a national economic recovery.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071951-0001-0001", "contents": "1954 Paraguayan coup d'\u00e9tat, Background\nM\u00e9ndez' attempts to convince Ch\u00e1vez to seek support from the Argentine government of Juan Per\u00f3n proved unpopular with conservative elements of the Colorado Party and M\u00e9ndez was pressured to resign in January 1954. Despite his departure, M\u00e9ndez continued to enjoy support from some factions of the party, as well as Army Major Virgilio Candia, a deputy to cavalry commander Colonel N\u00e9stor Ferreira. Ferreira was, himself, a strong supporter of President Ch\u00e1vez.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071951-0001-0002", "contents": "1954 Paraguayan coup d'\u00e9tat, Background\nBeyond this rivalry between supporters of Ch\u00e1vez and the supporters of M\u00e9ndez, the so-called epifanistas, a secondary rivalry had begun to develop between the government and the Army due to the decision of Ch\u00e1vez to outfit the National Police with heavy weaponry, which was met with the chagrin of the Army's commanding general Alfredo Stroessner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071951-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Paraguayan coup d'\u00e9tat, Coup\nOn May 3, 1954, Ferreira ordered the arrest of Candia due to suspicions of his plotting against Ch\u00e1vez. This provided the opportunity for Stroessner to propose an alliance between the Army and the epifanistas against the government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 33], "content_span": [34, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071951-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Paraguayan coup d'\u00e9tat, Coup\nThe coup got underway at about 8:00\u00a0p.m. on May 4, 1954, with an attack on police headquarters in Asunci\u00f3n by commandos from the Paraguayan Army's elite Battalion 40 led by Mario Ortega. During the assault, the young chief of police Roberto Pettit was shot and, though he was promptly evacuated by the attacking Army forces to a hospital, died from his wounds. President Ch\u00e1vez initially sought refuge inside the Francisco L\u00f3pez Military College and offered to promote its director, Marcial Samaniego, to head of the Paraguayan Army. Samaniego, however, was an old friend of Stroessner and responded to the offer by immediately arresting Ch\u00e1vez.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 33], "content_span": [34, 679]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071951-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Paraguayan coup d'\u00e9tat, Coup\nDuring an emergency session of the Colorado Party leadership convened on May 5, Ch\u00e1vez was requested to formally resign the presidency. The resignation of Ch\u00e1vez resulted in Colorado Party chairman Tom\u00e1s Romero Pereira becoming interim president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 33], "content_span": [34, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071951-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Paraguayan coup d'\u00e9tat, Aftermath\nThe Colorado Party nominated Stroessner as their candidate for president in an election on July 11, which he won.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 38], "content_span": [39, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071951-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 Paraguayan coup d'\u00e9tat, Aftermath\nThe party saw Stroessner's presidency as a temporary solution to its internal bickering and indecision, and planned to eventually replace him. Stroessner had no base of support within the party, which was split between backers of Ch\u00e1vez and backers of M\u00e9ndez. Over the next three years, as part of an effort to consolidate his position, Stroessner worked to sideline leaders of both factions of the party. While M\u00e9ndez was briefly reinstalled as president of the Central Bank by Stroessner, he was shortly thereafter again forced to resign.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 38], "content_span": [39, 579]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071951-0006-0001", "contents": "1954 Paraguayan coup d'\u00e9tat, Aftermath\nIn 1955 he attempted to rally his supporters within the Army to overthrow Stroessner, but the plot failed and he was pressured to leave the country. Virgilio Candia was promoted to the post of his former boss, N\u00e9stor Ferreira, as commander of the cavalry, but also faced dismissal along with other epifanista officers. The deposed president, Ch\u00e1vez, was meanwhile sent to France as Paraguayan ambassador.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 38], "content_span": [39, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071951-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 Paraguayan coup d'\u00e9tat, Aftermath\nLt. Colonel Mario Ortega, commander of Battalion 40, was appointed the new chief of police, the first in a long line of Army personnel to head Paraguayan law enforcement. Nestor Ferreira was briefly jailed, but later released and given command of the reserve officer corps, a post he held until his retirement. The former interim president, Romero, would serve as a cabinet minister under Stroessner, who would lead Paraguay for 34 years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 38], "content_span": [39, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071952-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Paraguayan presidential election\nPresidential elections were held in Paraguay on 11 July 1954, following a military coup on 8 May 1954 which toppled Federico Ch\u00e1vez who had been re-elected the previous year. At the time, the Colorado Party was the only legally permitted party. Alfredo Stroessner, who had led the coup, ran as the Colorado candidate in a special election for the remainder of Ch\u00e1vez' term, and was elected unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071952-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Paraguayan presidential election\nThis was the first of Stroessner's eight consecutive election victories.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071953-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Paris\u2013Nice\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Astur22ovi (talk | contribs) at 13:05, 9 September 2020. The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071953-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Paris\u2013Nice\nThe 1954 Paris\u2013Nice was the 12th edition of the Paris\u2013Nice cycle race and was held from 10 March to 14 March 1954. The race started in Paris and finished in Nice. The race was won by Raymond Impanis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071954-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Paris\u2013Roubaix\nThe 1954 Paris\u2013Roubaix was the 52nd\u00a0edition of the Paris\u2013Roubaix, a classic one-day cycle race in France. The single day event was held on 11 April 1954 and stretched 246\u00a0km (153\u00a0mi) from Paris to the finish at Roubaix Velodrome. The winner was Raymond Impanis from Belgium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071955-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Paris\u2013Tours\nThe 1954 Paris\u2013Tours was the 48th edition of the Paris\u2013Tours cycle race and was held on 10 October 1954. The race started in Paris and finished in Tours. The race was won by Gilbert Scodeller.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071956-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Patea by-election\nThe 1954 Patea by election was held on 31 July during the 30th New Zealand Parliament, and was caused by the resignation of incumbent National MP, William Sheat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071956-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Patea by-election, Background\nWilliam Sheat represented the Patea electorate between 1943 and 1954 as a National MP, and as an independent, but in 1954, he failed to win reselection as a National Party candidate after boundary changes. On 14 May of that year, he promptly resigned his seat and won it back in the by-election as an Independent. He subsequently did not stand in the 1954 general election but was returned to Parliament in the 1957 election as the MP for Egmont and he retired at the 1966 election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071956-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Patea by-election, Background\nThe writ for the by-election was originally issued on 3 June, but on 12 June Harry Combs (MP for Onslow) died, necessitating a second by-election. The government preferred both by-elections to be held at the same time so in order to postpone the Patea poll the government passed the . However, as the Labour candidate in Onslow (Henry May) was unopposed he was declared elected when the writs closed, on 7 July.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071956-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Patea by-election, Results\nThe final vote count included 436 special votes, which were not included in the election-night results. Sheat's majority of 24 on election night was only 18 after the final count.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 31], "content_span": [32, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071957-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Patiala and East Punjab States Union Legislative Assembly election\nElections to the Legislative Assembly of the Indian state of Patiala and East Punjab States Union were held on 18 February 1954. 279 candidates competed for the 48 constituencies in the Assembly. There were twelve two-member constituencies and 36 single-member constituencies. Out of these, 2 single member constituencies were reserved for SC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [71, 71], "content_span": [72, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071957-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Patiala and East Punjab States Union Legislative Assembly election, State Reorganization and Merger\nOn 1 November 1956, Patiala and East Punjab States Union was merged into Punjab under States Reorganisation Act, 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 104], "content_span": [105, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071958-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Pau Grand Prix\nThe 1954 Pau Grand Prix was a non-championship Formula One motor race held on 19 April 1954 at the Pau circuit, in Pau, Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es-Atlantiques, France. The Grand Prix was won by Jean Behra, driving with Equipe Gordini. Maurice Trintignant finished second and Roberto Mieres third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071959-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Penn Quakers football team\nThe 1954 Penn Quakers football team represented the University of Pennsylvania during the 1954 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071960-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Penn State Nittany Lions football team\nThe 1954 Penn State Nittany Lions football team represented the Pennsylvania State University in the 1954 college football season. The team was coached by Rip Engle and played its home games in New Beaver Field in University Park, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071961-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election\nThe 1954 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election was held on November 2. In what is considered a crucial realigning election for the state, Democratic State Senator George M. Leader defeated Republican incumbent Lieutenant Governor Lloyd Wood by a surprisingly large margin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071961-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election, Campaign\nEntering the 1954 campaign, Democrats had a dismal record in state politics, winning the governorship only three times in 24 elections; the party's stock had languished for fifteen years since the damaging administration of George Earle in the late 1930s. As a result, Leader was viewed as another mediocre if idealistic (he had gained some statewide recognition for refusing to sign a loyalty oath circulated in the legislature at the height of McCarthyism earlier in the year) Democratic candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 50], "content_span": [51, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071961-0001-0001", "contents": "1954 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election, Campaign\nHowever, Leader was embraced by the growing reform wing of the party, of which Leader's father had been a member during his own tenure in the State Senate. A longstanding regional divide continued to haunt the Democrats in their primary, as former Republican and vocal critic of organizational leadership William \"Doc\" McClelland (the coroner of Allegheny County) gave Leader a strong run for the nomination. Despite having only localized name recognition, McClelland's sweep of heavily Democratic Western Pennsylvania allowed him to come within 60,000 votes of an upset.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 50], "content_span": [51, 622]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071961-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election, Campaign\nRepublicans entered the race firmly unified behind Wood, but facing the deep unpopularity of their outgoing Governor Fine, whose administration had been embroiled in several scandals and who had led the push for a much criticized new sales tax. Furthermore, a huge rift had opened in the party between the middle class-backed progressive and big business-supported conservative wings of the party. A national recession, which pushed Pennsylvania's unemployment rate to the highest in the nation also worked against Republican hopes of keeping their grasp on the governor's mansion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 50], "content_span": [51, 632]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071961-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election, Campaign\nAfter his close call in the primary, Leader ran an energetic campaign, travelling across the state and actively engaging citizens at rallies. In the first gubernatorial campaign where a significant portion of the population owned televisions, Leader ran a series of speeches where he captured audiences with his charismatic appearances; conversely, Lloyd appeared to sluggish in his campaign, and the media chastised his television appearances as \"terrible.\" Perhaps the most important factor in the race was Leader's own principled character and his commitment for reducing the presence of patronage that had long given state government a bad name; for this attitude, he earned the nickname Mr. Clean.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 50], "content_span": [51, 753]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071961-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election, Campaign\nLeader performed not only well in the Democratic strongholds of Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, and Scranton, but won 34 of the state's 67 counties. His impressive win included capturing victories in many GOP strongholds such as Bucks County (one of the heavily Republican suburban Philadelphia counties), winning over 60% in his home of York County, and becoming one of the only Democratic candidates for any major statewide office to take the state's rural, conservative center.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 50], "content_span": [51, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071962-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Pepperdine Waves football team\nThe 1954 Pepperdine Waves football team represented George Pepperdine College as an independent during the 1954 college football season. Pepperdine had been a member of the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA) for the previous four seasons. The team was led by second-year head coach Gordon McEachron and played home games at El Camino Stadium on the campus of El Camino College in Torrance, California. They finished the season with a record of 6\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071962-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Pepperdine Waves football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Pepperdine players were selected in the 1955 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 60], "content_span": [61, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071962-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Pepperdine Waves football team, Team players in the NFL\nThe following finished their Pepperdine career in 1954, were not drafted, but played in the NFL.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 60], "content_span": [61, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071963-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Peruvian Primera Divisi\u00f3n\nThe 1954 season of the Primera Divisi\u00f3n Peruana, the top category of Peruvian football, was played by 10 teams. The national champions were Alianza Lima", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071964-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Philadelphia Athletics season\nThe 1954 Philadelphia Athletics season involved the A's finishing eighth in the American League with a record of 51 wins and 103 losses, 60 games behind AL Champion Cleveland in their 54th and final season in Philadelphia, before moving to Kansas City, Missouri for the following season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071964-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Philadelphia Athletics season, Regular season\nThe Athletics played the Philadelphia Phillies for the last time in their Philadelphia City Series on June 28, 1954 in the seventh annual Junior Baseball Federation of Philadelphia benefit exhibition game. The Phillies beat the Athletics 3 to 2 in 7 innings in front of 15,993 fans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 50], "content_span": [51, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071964-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 79], "content_span": [80, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071964-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 72], "content_span": [73, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071964-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 77], "content_span": [78, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071964-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 74], "content_span": [75, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071964-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 75], "content_span": [76, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071965-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Philadelphia City Council special election\nPhiladelphia's City Council special election of 1954 was held to fill the seat vacated by Republican John W. Lord, Jr. when he resigned to join the federal bench.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071965-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Philadelphia City Council special election, Election\nUnder Philadelphia's city charter, adopted three years earlier, seven city council at-large seats were created, of which two were guaranteed to the minority party. After the 1951 elections, those seats were occupied by Republicans Louis Schwartz and John W. Lord, Jr.. In May 1954, Lord was appointed a federal district court judge by President Dwight D. Eisenhower. He resigned his council seat, and a special election was called to replace him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 57], "content_span": [58, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071965-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Philadelphia City Council special election, Election\nThe Republican city committee selected John T. Murphy, a former police detective who had headed the city vice squad, to run for the position. The Democrats selected Donald C. Rubel. Rubel was a lifelong Republican, but joined in the efforts of Democrats and some reform-minded Republicans in working for an end to machine politics in Philadelphia. Although nominated as a Democrat, he remained a Republican, and promised to vote with the Republican party on party-line issues. Rubel was selected by Democratic mayor Joseph S. Clark, Jr. in order to preserve the spirit of the charter's minority representation while promoting a cross-party ally in the reform effort. Clark offered Rubel the spot on the ballot \"with no strings attached,\" something Rubel said he could not refuse.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 57], "content_span": [58, 837]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071965-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Philadelphia City Council special election, Results\nRubel was elected with a 120,000-vote majority. He characterized his victory as a call for reform of the city Republican party, saying \"[i]f they don't read the handwriting on the wall now, they are hopelessly ignorant.\" He went on to call for a reorganization of the party to shift control away from what he called a \"few little men who call themselves the leaders.\" Rubel's victory was short-lived. Running as a Republican in the 1955 elections, did well in the independent wards, but placed fourth among that party's nominees, narrowly missing out on one of the two available at-large seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 56], "content_span": [57, 651]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071966-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Philadelphia Eagles season\nThe 1954 Philadelphia Eagles season was their 22nd in the league. They matched their previous output of 7\u20134\u20131. The team failed to qualify for the playoffs for the fifth consecutive season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071966-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Philadelphia Eagles season, Off Season\nPhiladelphia finished second in the last 2 seasons to the Cleveland Browns, with that Trimble is awarded a three-year contract after the team's second straight runner-up finish in 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071966-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Philadelphia Eagles season, Off Season\nThe Eagles hold training camp in Hershey, PA again. The 1954 season was the first in which the Eagles used the \"wings\" logo on their helmets.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071966-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Philadelphia Eagles season, Off Season, NFL DRAFT\nThe 1954 NFL Draft was held on January 28, 1954. The draft is again 30 rounds long, with 12 teams picking. A total of 360 players are taken in this 1 day draft. In 2011, a total of 254 players were taken by 32 teams over 3 nights.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 54], "content_span": [55, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071966-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Philadelphia Eagles season, Off Season, Player selections\nThe table shows the Eagle's selections and what picks they had that were traded away and the team that ended up with that pick. It is possible the Eagles' pick ended up with this team via another team that the Eagles made a trade with. Not shown are acquired picks that the Eagles traded away.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 62], "content_span": [63, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071966-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Philadelphia Eagles season, Schedule, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 52], "content_span": [53, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071966-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 Philadelphia Eagles season, Roster\n(All time List of Philadelphia Eagles players in franchise history)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 39], "content_span": [40, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071967-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Philadelphia Phillies season\nThe 1954 Philadelphia Phillies season was a season in Major League Baseball. The Phillies finished fourth in the National League with a record of 75 wins and 79 losses.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071967-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Philadelphia Phillies season, Regular season\nThe Phillies and Philadelphia Athletics played their last Philadelphia City Series game against each other on June 28, 1954, in the seventh annual Junior Baseball Federation of Philadelphia benefit exhibition game. The Phillies beat the Athletics 3 to 2 in 7 innings in front of 15,993 fans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 49], "content_span": [50, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071967-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 78], "content_span": [79, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071967-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 71], "content_span": [72, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071967-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 76], "content_span": [77, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071967-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071967-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 74], "content_span": [75, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071968-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Phillip state by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Phillip on 14 August 1954 because of the death of Tom Shannon (Labor).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071969-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Pittsburgh Panthers football team\nThe 1954 Pittsburgh Panthers football team represented the University of Pittsburgh in the 1954 college football season. The team compiled a 4\u20135 record under head coaches Red Dawson and Tom Hamilton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071970-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Pittsburgh Pirates season\nThe 1954 Pittsburgh Pirates season was the 73rd season of the Pittsburgh Pirates franchise; the 68th in the National League. The Pirates finished eighth and last in the league standings with a record of 53\u2013101.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071970-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Regular season\nDuring the season, Curt Roberts became the first black player in the history of the Pirates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071970-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 75], "content_span": [76, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071970-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 68], "content_span": [69, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071970-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071970-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071970-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 71], "content_span": [72, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071971-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Pittsburgh Steelers season\nThe 1954 Pittsburgh Steelers season was the franchise's 22nd in the National Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071971-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Pittsburgh Steelers season, Regular season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 58], "content_span": [59, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071972-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Prairie View A&M Panthers football team\nThe 1954 Prairie View A&M Panthers football team was an American football team that represented Prairie View A&M University in the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC) during the 1954 college football season. In their sixth season under head coach Billy Nicks, the Panthers compiled a perfect 10\u20131 record (6\u20130 against conference opponents), won the SWAC championship, defeated Texas Southern in the Prairie View Bowl, and outscored opponents by a total of 255 to 116. The Panthers were recognized as a 1953 black college national co-champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 590]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071973-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Prayag Kumbh Mela stampede\n1954 Kumbh Mela stampede  was a stampede that occurred in 1954 at Kumbha Mela on 3 February 1954 in Allahabad in Uttar Pradesh state in India. It was the main bathing day of Mauni Amavasya (New Moon), when the incident took place. During the festival 4\u20135 million pilgrims had taken part that year, which was also the first Kumbh Mela after the Independence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071973-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Prayag Kumbh Mela stampede\nThe figures for the tragedy varied according to different sources. While The Guardian reported more than 800 people dead and over 100 injured, TIME reported \"no fewer than 350 people were trampled to death and drowned, 200 were counted missing, and over 2,000 were injured\". According to the book Law and Order in India over 500 were dead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071973-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Prayag Kumbh Mela stampede, Reasons and aftermath\nThe occasion of 1954 Kumbh Mela was used by politicians to connect with the Indian populace prior to India's Independence, and as this was the first Kumbh Mela after Independence, with more than 5 million pilgrims in Allahabad for the 40-day festival, many leading politicians had visited the city during the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 54], "content_span": [55, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071973-0002-0001", "contents": "1954 Prayag Kumbh Mela stampede, Reasons and aftermath\nCompounding the failure of crowd control measures was not just the presence of a large number of politicians, but also the fact that the Ganges River had changed course and moved in closer to the Bund (embankment) and the city, reducing the available space of the temporary Kumbh township and restricting movement of the people. Ultimately what triggered the tragedy was that a surge of the crowd broke through the barriers separating them from a procession of sadhus and holy men of various akharas, resulting in a stampede.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 54], "content_span": [55, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071973-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Prayag Kumbh Mela stampede, Reasons and aftermath\nAfter the event, Prime Minister Jawahar Lal Nehru suggested that politicians and VIPs should refrain from visiting the Mela, who were all but exonerated along with the government of any wrongdoing after an inquiry. Not a single rupee of compensation was paid to the victims' families. The judicial inquiry commission, set up after what was one of the worst stampedes in India's history, was headed by Justice Kamala Kant Verma, and its recommendations became the basis for better management of future events in the coming decades.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 54], "content_span": [55, 585]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071973-0003-0001", "contents": "1954 Prayag Kumbh Mela stampede, Reasons and aftermath\nThis tragedy has stood as a grim reminder to Mela planners and district administrators as crowds have progressively increased, so much so that 80\u2013100 million people took part in the 2010 Kumbh Mela, making it the largest gathering anywhere in the world. Among the other Kumbh Mela stampedes, the most notable have been in the years 1840, 1906, 1954, 1986, 2003 (39 deaths), 2010 (7 deaths) and in 2013 (36 deaths).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 54], "content_span": [55, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071974-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Prestwick air disaster\nThe 1954 Prestwick air disaster occurred in the early morning of Christmas Day, 1954. A British Overseas Airways Corporation Boeing 377 Stratocruiser crashed on landing at Prestwick Airport, Scotland; 28 of the 36 on board were killed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071974-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Prestwick air disaster, Accident\nThe Stratocruiser was on a flight from Heathrow Airport, England to New York, United States with scheduled stop-overs at Manchester Airport, in Northern England and Prestwick Airport in Scotland. Due to the bad weather it was decided to fly directly to Prestwick and the flight was delayed while it waited for a Manchester passenger to be brought to London.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071974-0001-0001", "contents": "1954 Prestwick air disaster, Accident\nThe aircraft originally scheduled to operate the flight left Heathrow at 21:43 GMT but it returned to London at 22:53 with a mechanical problem, the passengers and crew were moved to another aircraft (Cathay) which left for Prestwick at 01:05 on 25 December. Only four of twenty-five passengers were booked onward to New York; the rest were to leave the flight at Prestwick. The eleven crew members were also due to be relieved at Prestwick and be replaced with a new crew.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071974-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Prestwick air disaster, Accident\nIt was 03:30 in driving rain when Cathay was about to land at Prestwick; it landed short of the runway forcing the port landing gear into the wing causing the aircraft to overturn and burst into flames.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071974-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Prestwick air disaster, Diamonds\nAmong the 250 bags of mail cargo was a \u00a3900,000 consignment of diamonds for a New York address, a police guard was placed on the crash site and diamonds were still being found at scene a week later. On 5 January it was reported that only 300 diamonds had been found and further searches were to be carried out which included digging up the soil around the crash site. Out of the 40 parcels of diamonds only 90% were recovered.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 464]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071974-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Prestwick air disaster, Aircraft\nRMA Cathay was a four-engined Boeing 377-10-28 Stratocruiser airliner, registered G-ALSA. It had been delivered new to BOAC on 12 October 1949. The aircraft was depicted, very briefly, at the beginning of the 1951 film Home to Danger.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071974-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Prestwick air disaster, Passengers and crew\nTwenty-eight people died including ten women and two children. One of the men killed was the cricketer Kenneth Davidson. Of the eight survivors, seven were members of the flight crew who were thrown from the wreckage as it broke apart.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 48], "content_span": [49, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071974-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 Prestwick air disaster, Investigation and inquiry\nIt was announced on 3 January 1955 by the Minister of Transport that a public enquiry would be held into the accident.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 54], "content_span": [55, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071974-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 Prestwick air disaster, Investigation and inquiry\nThe public inquiry opened at Ayr on 28 March 1955 with questions about the operation of the air brake switch and any possible effect a failure may have caused. On the second day evidence was taken from air traffic controllers who agreed that the aircraft had descended on the runway more rapidly than usual, the inquiry also heard from a pilot of an aircraft that landed before the Stratocruiser about the condition of the airfield and approach lighting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 54], "content_span": [55, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071974-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 Prestwick air disaster, Investigation and inquiry\nThe inquiry reported on 20 July that the accident was caused by an error of judgement by the pilot and contributed to by the First Officer not turning on the landing lights. It concluded that the accident was not caused or contributed to by any wrongful act or party and/or mechanical defect in the plane.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 54], "content_span": [55, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071975-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Primera Divisi\u00f3n de Chile\nThe 1954 Campeonato Nacional de F\u00fatbol Profesional was first tier's 22nd season which Universidad Cat\u00f3lica reached its second professional title. Highlighting, this was the first Primera Divisi\u00f3n tournament with relegation system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071975-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Primera Divisi\u00f3n de Chile, Format\nThe regular phase's first eight teams qualify to the Championship playoffs where they played seven games which were added to his first stage (regular phase) points, whilst the rest of the teams (from the 9th position to 14th position) disputed the relegation playoffs (five games with the same criteria) to determine the only one relegated team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 38], "content_span": [39, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071976-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Princeton Tigers football team\nThe 1954 Princeton Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Princeton University during the 1954 college football season. In their tenth year under head coach Charlie Caldwell, the Tigers compiled a 5\u20133\u20131 record and outscored opponents 182 to 124. Jack Henn was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071976-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Princeton Tigers football team\nPrinceton played its home games at Palmer Stadium on the university campus in Princeton, New Jersey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071977-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Pro Bowl\nThe 1954 Pro Bowl was the National Football League's (NFL) fourth annual all-star game which featured the league's outstanding performers from the 1953 season. The game was played on January 17, 1954, at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum in Los Angeles, California in front of 44,214 fans. The East squad defeated the West by a score of 20\u20139.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071977-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Pro Bowl\nThe West team was led by the Detroit Lions' Buddy Parker while Paul Brown of the Cleveland Browns coached the East squad. Philadelphia Eagles linebacker Chuck Bednarik was named the game's outstanding player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071979-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Purdue Boilermakers football team\nThe 1954 Purdue Boilermakers football team was an American football team that represented Purdue University during the 1954 Big Ten Conference football season. In their eighth season under head coach Stu Holcomb, the Boilermakers compiled a 5\u20133\u20131 record, finished in approximately sixth place in the Big Ten Conference with a 3\u20133 record against conference opponents, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of about 165 to 134.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071979-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Purdue Boilermakers football team\nNotable players on the 1954 Purdue team included quarterback Len Dawson, guard Tom Bettis, and end John Kerr.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071980-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 RAC Tourist Trophy\nThe 1954 RAC Tourist Trophy was a motor race for Sports Cars which took place on 11 September 1954 on the roads around Dundrod, (County Antrim, Northern Ireland). It was the 21st RAC Tourist Trophy and the fifth race of the 1954 World Sportscar Championship. The Tourist Trophy was awarded to handicap winners Paul Armagnac and G\u00e9rard Laureau driving a D.B. HBR Panhard however the overall race win for championship points was attained by Mike Hawthorn and Maurice Trintignant driving a Ferrari 750 Monza.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 529]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071980-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 RAC Tourist Trophy\nGoing into the race, Ferrari was leading the World Sportscar Championship by eight points from Lancia. Victory by the Italian marque gave it the title for the second season running.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071980-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 RAC Tourist Trophy, Report, Entry\nA grand total of 56 racing cars were registered for this event, of which  52 arrived for practice and qualifying. Unlike 1953, many of the top European teams travelled to Northern Ireland from mainland Europe. Scuderia Ferrari, who could win the World Championship on the streets of County Antrim, entered two Ferrari 750 Monzas for the Le Mans winners Jos\u00e9 Froil\u00e1n Gonz\u00e1lez and Maurice Trintignant, back-up by Mike Hawthorn and Umberto Maglioli. Hoping the keep the championship alive, Scuderia Lancia sent two of their D24s and two D25s (re-bodied D24s) over.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 38], "content_span": [39, 600]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071980-0002-0001", "contents": "1954 RAC Tourist Trophy, Report, Entry\nAmongst their line-up was Juan Manuel Fangio and Alberto Ascari. From England, the two work teams of Jaguar Cars Ltd. and Aston Martin. The team from Coventry arrived with three cars, Jaguar D-Types for the all British pairings of Tony Rolt/Duncan Hamilton; Stirling Moss/Peter Walker and Peter Whitehead/Ken Wharton. David Brown also brought along three of his team\u2019s DB3S, with Reg Parnell pairing up alongside Roy Salvadori. Graham Whitehead/Dennis Poore and winners of last year\u2019s RAC Tourist Trophy, Peter Collins/Pat Griffith made up the crew of the other two Astons. Also from England came works entries from  Automobiles Frazer Nash, Lotus Engineering, HWM  and Kieft Cars. There were joined manufactures teams from Maserati, Osca and Deutsch et Bonnet.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 38], "content_span": [39, 800]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071980-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 RAC Tourist Trophy, Report, Race\nFollowing an accident in practice, the Ferrari 750 Monza of Gonz\u00e1lez, did not start and Trintignant was transferred into the remaining car of Hawthorn. This resulted in Maglioli also missing out.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 37], "content_span": [38, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071980-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 RAC Tourist Trophy, Report, Race\nAlthough World Championship points were awarded based on scratch positions, the race itself was run as a handicap race, so the distance each car needed to complete depended on engine capacity. The race was scheduled for 94 laps, however no car started from scratch, the largest engined vehicles being the Lancias with a handicap of 4 laps and 5 minutes, 11.7 seconds. The race would end after the first car completed 94 handicap laps.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 37], "content_span": [38, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071980-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 RAC Tourist Trophy, Report, Race\nThe race was held in drying conditions, but rain returned during the race. Despite this, the Italian teams would finish in the first three places. Car number 15 (Scuderia Ferrari), driven by Mike Hawthorn and Maurice Trintignant took an impressive victory, winning in a time of 7hrs 14:13 mins., averaging a speed of 90.703\u00a0mph. Second place went to the  Lancia of Piero Taruffi and Juan Manuel Fangio their D24, just 2:16 minutes behind. The podium was completed by another Lancia, that of Robert Manzon and Eugenio Castellotti, two laps adrift. Meanwhile, the HWM Jaguar 108 of George Abecassis and Jim Mayers were the best of the English entrants, finishing in fourth place, with the best of the works-Jaguars further behind in sixth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 37], "content_span": [38, 775]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071980-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 RAC Tourist Trophy, Report, Race\nThis year\u2019s Tourist Trophy could come up with a sport historical particularity. Similar to the 24 Hours of Le Mans, the handicap index rating was extended in the TT. In this rating, power and engine capacity of the vehicle in relation to the weight were set. This led to a handicap for large-displacement vehicles. This index score was extended parallel to the overall rating. Although the overall standings was used for the World Sportscar Championship, the index score was used to the decide the outcome of the Tourist Trophy. Thus this was won by the small D.B. HBR Panhard by Paul Armagnac and G\u00e9rard Laureau , who finished only 21st place in the overall standings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 37], "content_span": [38, 707]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071980-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 RAC Tourist Trophy, Report, Race\nHaving won the scratch race, Ferrari gained the necessary points advance over Lancia to take the World Championship for Manufacturers title for the second season in a row, with one round remaining in Mexico. Should Ferrari win the 1954 Carrera Panamericana, they would have the maximum score available due to have the points are awarded, as only the best 4 results out of the 7 races could be retained by each manufacturer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 37], "content_span": [38, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071980-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 RAC Tourist Trophy, Standings after the race\nChampionship points were awarded for the first six places in each race in the order of 8-6-4-3-2-1. Manufacturers were only awarded points for their highest finishing car with no points awarded for positions filled by additional cars. Only the best four results out of the six races could be retained by each manufacturer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 49], "content_span": [50, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071981-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Railway Cup Hurling Championship\nThe 1954 Railway Cup Hurling Championship was the 28th series of the inter-provincial hurling Railway Cup. Three matches were played between 21 February 1954 and 17 March 1954 to decide the title. It was contested by Connacht, Leinster, Munster and Ulster.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071981-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Railway Cup Hurling Championship\nOn 17 March 1954, Leinster won the Railway Cup after a 0-09 to 0-05 defeat of Leinster in the final at Croke Park, Dublin. It was their sixth Railway Cup title overall and their first title since 1941. The final, which had a record attendance of 49,023, was the first which failed to produce a goal from either team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071982-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Rainbow Mountain-Fairview Peak-Dixie Valley earthquakes\nIn 1954, the state of Nevada was struck by a series of earthquakes that began with three M 6.0+ events in July and August that preceded the M 7.3 mainshock and M 6.9 aftershock, both on December 12. All five earthquakes remain some of the largest in the state, and the largest since the Cedar Mountain earthquake (M 7.2) of 1932 and Pleasant Valley event (M 6.8) in 1915. The earthquake was felt throughout much of the western United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 60], "section_span": [60, 60], "content_span": [61, 502]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071982-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Rainbow Mountain-Fairview Peak-Dixie Valley earthquakes, Geology\nThe state of Nevada sits within a geologic province known as the Basin and Range. The Basin and Range Province is bounded by the Colorado Plateau, Wasatch Fault, Rio Grande Rift and Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. This region in the North American continent is rifting apart in a northwest\u2013southeast direction. Extension of the crust has resulted in a basin and range topography, dominated by dip-slip (normal) faults accommodating extension. Fault block tilting has created many mountain range no more than 16\u00a0km wide and 130\u00a0km long. In eastern Nevada, along the border with California, faulting mechanism is dominantly strike-slip in a shear zone known as Walker Lane. These faults also causes earthquakes to rattle the state, making Nevada the third most seismically active state in the USA, behind Alaska and California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 60], "section_span": [62, 69], "content_span": [70, 892]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071982-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Rainbow Mountain-Fairview Peak-Dixie Valley earthquakes, Earthquake sequence, Rainbow Mountain earthquakes\nThe first earthquake that would be followed-up by numerous large shocks occurred on July 6. The event had a magnitude of 6.8 and its focal mechanism was oblique-slip along the Rainbow Mountain Fault. An aftershock of Mw\u202f6.2 came just eleven hours after the M 6.8. It was situated at Salt Wells Marsh, next to the Austin Highway. The shock had a maximum intensity of IX to XII on the Mercalli intensity scale.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 60], "section_span": [62, 111], "content_span": [112, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071982-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Rainbow Mountain-Fairview Peak-Dixie Valley earthquakes, Earthquake sequence, Stillwater earthquake\nOn August 24, an Mw\u202f6.6 earthquake with similar mechanism struck north at the Stillwater National Wildlife Refuge. Surface rupture was measured for 33.1\u00a0km. The maximum intensities for this earthquakes was IX (Violent). It damaged dams and irrigation facilities around Lovelock.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 60], "section_span": [62, 104], "content_span": [105, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071982-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Rainbow Mountain-Fairview Peak-Dixie Valley earthquakes, Earthquake sequence, Fairview earthquake\nOn December 16, the largest earthquake in the sequence, the Mw\u202f7.3 earthquake was triggered by oblique-slip displacement along the  Fairview Peak, West Gate and Gold King Faults for a total length of 64.4 km. Fault scarps of 7 meters in height were seen for 102 meters in the valley. Shaking intensity from this earthquake reached X to XII (Extreme) on the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale. This earthquake was felt for an area of 518,000 square km.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 60], "section_span": [62, 102], "content_span": [103, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071982-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Rainbow Mountain-Fairview Peak-Dixie Valley earthquakes, Earthquake sequence, Dixie Valley earthquake\nFour minutes and 20 seconds after the Fairview earthquake, an Mw\u202f6.9-7.0 earthquake struck west of Humboldt Salt Marsh along the Dixie Valley Fault Zone. This event ruptured a separate fault for 46.7\u00a0km.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 60], "section_span": [62, 106], "content_span": [107, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071982-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 Rainbow Mountain-Fairview Peak-Dixie Valley earthquakes, Earthquake sequence, Aftershocks\nNumerous aftershocks were triggered in the wake of the earthquake including an Mw\u202f6.0 on March 23, 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 60], "section_span": [62, 94], "content_span": [95, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071982-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 Rainbow Mountain-Fairview Peak-Dixie Valley earthquakes, Aftermath\nNumerous fault scarps and offset stream channels were reported as a result of surface ruptures.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 60], "section_span": [62, 71], "content_span": [72, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071982-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 Rainbow Mountain-Fairview Peak-Dixie Valley earthquakes, Aftermath\nThe July 6 earthquake caused some destruction in the town of Fallon. Old and poorly built, un-reinforced brick structures were severely damaged, and many chimneys fell as a result. Twelve sailors were injured at the Naval Auxiliary Air Station when shaking knocked heavy steel lockers and shattered glass onto them, the most serious injury was a broken leg. At Lone Tree and Stillwater District, some limited was reported. Canals and drainage systems of the Newlands Reclamation Project near Fallon were damaged heavily due to liquefaction from dam failure. Many culverts were damaged or had collapsed. Highways in the Fallon-Stillwater areas cracked and buckled in some places. A road dropped nearly a meter for more than 300 meters. President Eisenhower declared the region a disaster area and made available $200,000 of disaster relief funding.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 60], "section_span": [62, 71], "content_span": [72, 919]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071982-0009-0000", "contents": "1954 Rainbow Mountain-Fairview Peak-Dixie Valley earthquakes, Aftermath\nThe August earthquake caused further destruction to Fallon; seven more structures had to be torn down due to the severity of the damage. More windows, water pipelines and chimneys were broken. The earthquake also totally wrecked repair works done after the July shock.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 60], "section_span": [62, 71], "content_span": [72, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071982-0010-0000", "contents": "1954 Rainbow Mountain-Fairview Peak-Dixie Valley earthquakes, Aftermath\nThe December 16 main shocks frightened the residents of Fallon, many of them did not stay in their homes during the winter night. In Reno, the earthquake was felt strongly by many. Plasters fell from the Nevada State Capitol Building in Carson. Fissures up to 30 inches wide opened in highways and the landscape. The earthquakes also triggered rockfalls and deposited large boulders onto highways. US-50 experienced some buckling and cracks, and some roads dropped more than 1.5 meters due to surface faulting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 60], "section_span": [62, 71], "content_span": [72, 582]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071982-0011-0000", "contents": "1954 Rainbow Mountain-Fairview Peak-Dixie Valley earthquakes, Aftermath\nIn Sacramento, 322\u00a0km away, the earthquake caused some $20,000 in damages to a water tank belonging to the city's filtration plant.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 60], "section_span": [62, 71], "content_span": [72, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071982-0012-0000", "contents": "1954 Rainbow Mountain-Fairview Peak-Dixie Valley earthquakes, Aftermath\nFault scarps can still be visited in the affected area.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 60], "section_span": [62, 71], "content_span": [72, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071983-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Rhode Island Rams football team\nThe 1954 Rhode Island Rams football team was an American football team that represented the University of Rhode Island as a member of the Yankee Conference during the 1954 college football season. In its fourth season under head coach Hal Kopp, the team compiled a 6\u20132 record (3\u20131 against conference opponents), finished second out of six teams in the Yankee Conference, and outscored opponents by a total of 164 to 111. The team played its home games at Meade Stadium in Kingston, Rhode Island.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071984-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Rhode Island gubernatorial election\nThe 1954 Rhode Island gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1954. Incumbent Democrat Dennis J. Roberts defeated Republican nominee Dean J. Lewis with 57.69% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071985-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Rice Owls football team\nThe 1954 Rice Owls football team represented Rice University during the 1954 college football season. The Owls were led by 15th-year head coach Jess Neely and played their home games at Rice Stadium in Houston, Texas. They competed as members of the Southwest Conference, finishing tied for third. Rice finished the regular season with a record of 7\u20133 overall, and were ranked 19th in the final AP Poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071986-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Roller Hockey World Cup\nThe 1954 Roller Hockey World Cup was the tenth roller hockey world cup, organized by the F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale de Patinage a Roulettes (now under the name of F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale de Roller Sports). It was contested by 15 national teams (12 from Europe, 2 from South America and 1 from Africa) and it is also considered the 1954 European Roller Hockey Championship (despite the presence of non-European teams). All the games were played in the city of Barcelona, in Spain, the chosen city to host the World Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 548]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071987-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Rollins Tars baseball team\nThe 1954 Rollins Tars baseball team represented Rollins College in the 1954 NCAA baseball season. The Tars were coached by Joe Justice in his 8th season at Rollins.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071987-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Rollins Tars baseball team\nThe Tars lost the College World Series, defeated by the Missouri Tigers in the championship game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071988-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Romanian blizzard\nA massive snowstorm hit Romania (along with westernmost regions of Moldova) in February 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071988-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Romanian blizzard\nHeavy snowfall that month was recorded on the following dates: 1-4, 7-9, 17-19 and 22-24. Wind speed reached 126 km/h in Bucharest on February 3, a record that still stands. The maximum quantity of snow was recorded on the 3rd in Grivi\u021ba: 115.9 L/m2 in 24 hours, another unbroken record. The thickest layer of snow, 173 cm, appeared in C\u0103l\u0103ra\u0219i on February 3-4 and also remains a record. Snowdrifts reached 5 m in the southeast of the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071989-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Rose Bowl\nThe 1954 Rose Bowl was the 40th edition of the college football bowl game, played at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California, on Friday, January 1. The third-ranked Michigan State Spartans of the Big Ten Conference defeated the #5 UCLA Bruins of the Pacific Coast Conference, 28\u201320. Michigan State halfback Billy Wells scored two touchdowns and was named the  Player of the Game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071989-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Rose Bowl\nThis was the first year that Michigan State was counted in the Big Ten football standings, having been a member since 1950. This Rose Bowl had the first color television \"colorcast,\" viewable on 200 sets across the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071989-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Rose Bowl, Teams, Michigan State College Spartans\nThe Michigan State Spartans had joined the Big Ten in 1950, but did not play a full schedule until 1953. They only lost one game, 0\u20136 at Purdue, which broke a 28-game winning streak, with two national championships. The Spartans were co-champions with Illinois, and the two did not meet this season. However, Illinois had last appeared in the 1952 Rose Bowl. Head coach Clarence \"Biggie\" Munn announced his retirement before the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 54], "content_span": [55, 489]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071989-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Rose Bowl, Teams, UCLA Bruins\nIn the 1952 season, the Bruins lost only once, to rival USC 12\u201314. Both teams had been undefeated and the Trojans took the Rose Bowl berth. In 1953, the Bruins again lost only one regular season game, 20\u201321 at Stanford on October 17; Stanford was later defeated by USC on November 7. With the Rose Bowl again on the line for both teams, UCLA defeated USC 13\u20130 to win the Pacific Coast Conference outright and gain the New Year's Day berth in Pasadena.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 34], "content_span": [35, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071989-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Rose Bowl, Game summary\nThis was the first meeting between the two schools. It was the first Rose Bowl appearance for the Spartans; they had previously only played in the 1938 Orange Bowl. It was the third bowl appearance for the Bruins, all in the Rose (1943, 1947). The weather was sunny; the Spartans wore their green home jerseys and the Bruins wore their white road jerseys.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 28], "content_span": [29, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071989-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Rose Bowl, Game summary\nMichigan State fumbled twice in the first half, which allowed the Bruins the first two scores. The Spartans had only one completed pass and 56 yards in the first half; they scored a touchdown with 4:45 remaining in the first half.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 28], "content_span": [29, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071989-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 Rose Bowl, Game summary\nVictor Postula knocked down four Bruin passes; head coach Biggie Munn instituted a \"split-line offense\" against the Bruins.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 28], "content_span": [29, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071989-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 Rose Bowl, Game summary\nThe Spartans assembled two long drives in the third quarter to pull ahead 21\u201314. The Bruins recovered another Spartan fumble and scored to pull within a point at 21\u201320, but the extra point kick failed. Billy Wells of Michigan State returned a punt 62 yards for a touchdown with 4:51 left in the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 28], "content_span": [29, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071989-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 Rose Bowl, Game facts\nIn their first official season in the Big Ten, the Spartans led the league in the number of black players. Michigan State's eight black athletes represented nearly a quarter of all African Americans in the entire conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 26], "content_span": [27, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071990-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Round Australia Trial\nThe 1954 Round Australia Trial, officially the Redex Trial was the second running of the Round Australia Trial. The rally took place between 3 and 20 July 1954. The event covered 16,900 kilometres around Australia. It was won by Jack 'Gelignite' Murray and Bill Murray, driving a Ford 1948 V8.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071991-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Rugby League World Cup\nThe 1954 Rugby League World Cup was rugby league football's first World Cup and was held in France in October\u2013November 1954. Officially known as the \"Rugby World Cup\", four nations competed in the tournament: Australia, France, Great Britain and New Zealand. A group stage was held first, with Great Britain topping the table as a result of points difference. They went on to defeat France (who finished second in the table, level on points) in the final, which was held at Paris' Parc des Princes before 30,368 spectators.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071991-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Rugby League World Cup\nThe prime instigators behind the idea of holding a rugby league world cup were the French, who were short of money following the seizing of their assets by French rugby union in the Second World War. The first rugby league world cup was an unqualified success. It was played in a uniformly good spirit, provided an excellent standard of play and was a fitting celebration of France's 20th anniversary as a rugby league-playing nation. The trophy, which was donated by the French, was worth eight million francs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071991-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Rugby League World Cup, Background\nThe World Cup was a French initiative. Led by Paul Barri\u00e8re, who donated the Rugby League World Cup trophy himself, they had been campaigning for such a tournament since before the Second World War. Teams from Australia, Great Britain, New Zealand and the United States were invited to join the hosts, France, for the first World Cup in 1953. However, the tournament was not held until 1954, with all teams except the United States participating.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071991-0002-0001", "contents": "1954 Rugby League World Cup, Background\nThe French had suggested that the United States play but the other nations were concerned about a lack of competitiveness which was borne out by France beating the United States 31\u20130 on 9 January 1954. It had been suggested that Wales be invited instead of the USA but they weren't approached.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071991-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Rugby League World Cup, Background\nThe uncertainty of the ultimate outcome was of particular interest. In the early 1950s all four competing nations were quite capable of beating each other \u2013 no test series in the period was a foregone conclusion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071991-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Rugby League World Cup, Background\nIf there were a favourite it was Australia who had just won back the Ashes. However, in 1953 they had lost series to both the French and the Kiwis, while Great Britain had defeated New Zealand on the second half of their 1954 Australasian tour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071991-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Rugby League World Cup, Background\nThe form book merely provided a conundrum which was made more confusing when the British were forced, through injuries and players making themselves unavailable, to select a raw and largely untried squad which was given little credibility by the cynics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071991-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 Rugby League World Cup, Background\nThe captains for this historic event were Puig-Aubert (France), Cyril Eastlake (New Zealand), Clive Churchill (Australia) and Dave Valentine (Britain). The referees were Warrington's Charlie Appleton and Rene Guidicelli (Perpignan).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071991-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 Rugby League World Cup, Venues\nThe games were played at various venues in France with the Final played at the Parc des Princes in Paris.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 35], "content_span": [36, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071992-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Rugby League World Cup Final\nThe 1954 Rugby League World Cup Final was the conclusive game of the 1954 Rugby League World Cup tournament and was played between France and Great Britain on November 13, 1954 at Parc des Princes, Paris, France.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071992-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Rugby League World Cup Final, Background\nThe 1954 Rugby League World Cup was the inaugural staging of the Rugby League World Cup. The tournament was held in the France from 30 October, culminating in the final France and Great Britain on 13 November.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071992-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Rugby League World Cup Final, Match details\nThe BBC broadcast the whole match live in the UK via the Television Continental Exchange \u2013 a rare novelty for the time. France opened the scoring with a penalty Puig-Aubert kick from 45 yards out and played well early in the match, leading early in the second half thanks to a brilliant try from Cantoni. However Great Britain did not waver, with credit for the win given to a starring role by centre Phil Jackson and the play of their forward pack, as well as the tough match France had played against Australia in Nantes two days earlier. Great Britain defeated France 16\u201312 and became the first team to lift the World Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 48], "content_span": [49, 674]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071993-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Rugby League World Cup group stage\n1954 Rugby League World Cup group stage was the main component of the 1954 Rugby League World Cup, with the top two nations qualifying for the final. The group comprised Australia, New Zealand, Great Britain and France.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071993-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Rugby League World Cup group stage, France vs New Zealand\nFrance's niggling tactics in their win against New Zealand in the tournament's opening match drew criticism from the media and the Kiwis coach, Jim Amos. New Zealand winger Jimmy Edwards had the distinction of being the first scorer in World Cup history with a try after only five minutes. Puig-Aubert landed the first goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 62], "content_span": [63, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071993-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Rugby League World Cup group stage, Australia vs Great Britain\nThe British team proved too strong for Australia in both sides' first World Cup game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 67], "content_span": [68, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071993-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Rugby League World Cup group stage, France vs Great Britain\nThe game gripped the attention of the rugby league public as never before with a record crowd of 37,471 attending at Toulouse. That record crowd has still not been beaten in France. The draw resulted in Great Britain and France sharing the lead in the tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 64], "content_span": [65, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071993-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Rugby League World Cup group stage, Australia vs New Zealand\nAustralia's victory in this match put them in third position on the ladder and New Zealand last.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 65], "content_span": [66, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071993-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Rugby League World Cup group stage, France vs Australia\nAustralia and France were playing for the chance to meet Great Britain in the final. Mistakes cost the Australians the match, so France advanced to the decider.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 60], "content_span": [61, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071994-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Rugby League World Cup squads\nThe 1954 Rugby League World Cup featured the national teams (selected from eighteen-man squads) of four nations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071994-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Rugby League World Cup squads, Statistics\nMatch details - listing surnames of each team and the point scorers - were included in E.E. Christensen's Official Rugby League Yearbook, as was a summary of the players' point-scoring. This information is reflected in the  website.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071994-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Rugby League World Cup squads, Australia\nFor Australian players, the World Cup tournament took place in 1954's post-season. Their coach was Vic HeyThe team was managed by Spencer O'Neill of Parramatta, NSW and Jack McMahon of Queensland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 45], "content_span": [46, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071994-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Rugby League World Cup squads, Australia\nThe Rugby League News published details of the touring team including each player's age and weight.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 45], "content_span": [46, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071994-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Rugby League World Cup squads, Australia\nBanks, Davies, Flannery, Hall, McCaffery, O'Shea and Watson were selected from Queensland clubs. Pidding was selected from clubs in New South Wales Country areas. This lineup of the squad played for Sydney-based clubs during the 1954 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 45], "content_span": [46, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071994-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Rugby League World Cup squads, New Zealand\nThe Rugby League News published details of the Kiwi touring team including each player's provincial team, weight, height, ageand occupation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 47], "content_span": [48, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071994-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 Rugby League World Cup squads, Great Britain\nFor British players, the World Cup tournament took place during the 1954\u201355 Northern Rugby Football League season. Their coach was Mr G Shaw. The Rugby League News published the selected British touring team. The following seven players listed in this article did not play a match in the tournament: Billy Boston (Wigan), Willie Horne (Barrow), Geoff Gunney (Hunslet), W. Banks, Ron Rylance (Huddersfield), Alvin Ackerley (Halifax) and Johnny Whiteley (Hull). English representative Phil Jackson was born in Canada. David Rose and captain Dave Valentine were representatives from Scotland, and John Thorley from Wales.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 49], "content_span": [50, 668]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071994-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 Rugby League World Cup squads, France\nNote: The  has Roger Guilhem playing one match and Gilbert Verdi\u00e9 two, whilst EE Chistensen's Official Rugby League Yearbook has Roger Guilhem playing two matches (the round matches against Great Britain and Australia) and Gilbert Verdi\u00e9 playing one match (the Final against Great Britain).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 42], "content_span": [43, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071995-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Rugby Union European Cup\nThe Europe Cup 1954 was the fifth Rugby Union European championship, organised by FIRA and the second (and last) with this name.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071995-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Rugby Union European Cup\nWith the exception of a preliminary, all the matches were played in Italy. As in the 1952 edition, France won the title after a victory over Italy in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071995-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Rugby Union European Cup\nThis was the last edition of this competition. A European tournament arranged by FIRA, returned only in 1965 with the Nations Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071995-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Rugby Union European Cup, Results, Final\nAfter an Italian try in the first minute, France took control of the match and won.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071996-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Rutgers Queensmen football team\nThe 1954 Rutgers Queensmen football team represented Rutgers University in the 1954 college football season. In their 13th season under head coach Harvey Harman, the Queensmen compiled a 3\u20136 record and were outscored by their opponents 145 to 140.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071997-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Rwandan parliamentary election, Electoral system\nThe Decree of 14 July 1952 by the Belgian authorities introduced an element of democracy to the Rwandan political system. A complicated electoral system was created, which involved seven stages of elections to eventually elect the national Superior Council (French: Conseil Superieur du Pays).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 53], "content_span": [54, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071997-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Rwandan parliamentary election, Results\nThe elections in the sub-chiefdoms and chiefdoms were held in 1953, with the elections to the Territorial Councils and the Superior Council following in 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071998-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 SANFL Grand Final\nThe 1954 SANFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Port Adelaide Football Club and the West Adelaide Football Club, held at the Adelaide Oval on Saturday 2 October 1954. It was the 56th annual Grand Final of the South Australian National Football League, staged to determine the premiers of the 1954 SANFL season. The match, attended by 42,895 spectators, was won by Port Adelaide by a margin of 3 points, marking that clubs fifteenth premiership victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071998-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 SANFL Grand Final, Background\nBefore the 1954 SANFL Grand Final there had been four meetings between Port Adelaide and West Adelaide during the season with the former winning all four encounters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071998-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 SANFL Grand Final, Background\nThe SANFL spent \u00a31,500 insuring the game against inclement weather. The SANFL also put forward \u00a3200 as prize money for the winning team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071998-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 SANFL Grand Final, Background\nBrothers Fos Williams and Glynn Williams played against each other representing Port Adelaide and West Adelaide respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071998-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 SANFL Grand Final, Match Summary\nThe weather during the day was hot with newspaper writers suggesting that it would be a gruelling match for the players. It was also humid.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 37], "content_span": [38, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071998-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 SANFL Grand Final, Match Summary, First quarter\nWest Adelaide's small forwards helped them to take a 3 point lead in the first quarter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 52], "content_span": [53, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071998-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 SANFL Grand Final, Match Summary, Second quarter\nTowards the end of the second quarter Brian Faehse punched Dave Boyd causing him to fall over. As a result of this confrontation a large fracas broke out which was only quelled when the siren to end the quarter sounded. On the way back to their rooms some West Adelaide players were assaulted by spectators leading to calls after the game for improved security for players.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 53], "content_span": [54, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071998-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 SANFL Grand Final, Match Summary, Second quarter\nDuring half time Fos Williams gave his players a significant pep talk.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 53], "content_span": [54, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071998-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 SANFL Grand Final, Match Summary, Third quarter\nAfter the half time break Geof Motley moved to centre-half forward. West Adelaide captain Brian Faehse was injured early in the third quarter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 52], "content_span": [53, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071998-0009-0000", "contents": "1954 SANFL Grand Final, Match Summary, Fourth quarter\nWest Adelaide had opportunities win the game in the last quarter but wayward kicking let them down.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 53], "content_span": [54, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071998-0010-0000", "contents": "1954 SANFL Grand Final, Match Summary, Post-match\nThe Port Adelaide players and officials had a celebratory dinner at the Largs Pier Hotel after the match. Bob McLean placed Lloyd Zucker at the head of the table as a gesture of appreciation for his game. Six of the Port Adelaide players had to leave the dinner early to attend a function run by radio station 5KA, the precursor to Triple M Adelaide, which was held at the Port Adelaide Town Hall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 49], "content_span": [50, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071998-0011-0000", "contents": "1954 SANFL Grand Final, Match Summary, West End Brewery chimney\nThe 1954 SANFL Grand Final was the first instance of a tradition where the chimney of the West End Brewery would be painted in the colours of the winning team. At the suggestion of Fos Williams, the runner up would also have their colours added to the West End Brewery chimney.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 63], "content_span": [64, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00071999-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 SANFL season\nThe 1954 South Australian National Football League season was the 75th season of the top-level Australian rules football competition in South Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072000-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 SCCA National Sports Car Championship\nThe 1954 SCCA National Sports Car Championship season was the fourth season of the Sports Car Club of America's National Sports Car Championship. It began January 31, 1954, and ended November 7, 1954, after twelve races. For the first time, championships were awarded to drivers in each class, rather than an overall championship as before.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072001-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Sacramento State Hornets football team\nThe 1954 Sacramento State Hornets football team represented Sacramento State College during the 1954 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072001-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Sacramento State Hornets football team\nIn their inaugural season of intercollegiate play, Sacramento State competed in the Far Western Conference (FWC). The Hornets were led by head coach Dave Strong. They played home games at Charles C. Hughes Stadium in Sacramento, California. They lost all of their games, finishing the season with a record of zero wins and seven losses (0\u20137, 0\u20135 FWC). For the season the team was outscored by its opponents 40\u2013217, and was held scoreless in four of the seven games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072001-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Sacramento State Hornets football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Sacramento State players were selected in the 1955 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 68], "content_span": [69, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072002-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Saint Lucian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Saint Lucia on 23 September 1954. The result was a victory for the Saint Lucia Labour Party, which won five of the eight seats. Voter turnout was 49.4%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072003-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Salvadoran legislative election\nLegislative elections were held in El Salvador in March 1954. The result was a victory for the Revolutionary Party of Democratic Unification, which was the only party to contest the elections as the opposition Renovating Action Party claimed that they were rigged.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072004-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 San Diego State Aztecs football team\nThe 1954 San Diego State Aztecs football team represented San Diego State College during the 1954 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072004-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 San Diego State Aztecs football team\nSan Diego State competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA). The team was led by eighth-year head coach Bill Schutte, and played home games at both Aztec Bowl and Balboa Stadium. They finished the season with five wins and four losses (5\u20134, 2\u20132 CCAA). Overall, the team outscored its opponents 177\u2013141 for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072004-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 San Diego State Aztecs football team, Team players in the NFL\nThe following San Diego State players were selected in the 1955 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 66], "content_span": [67, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072005-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 San Francisco 49ers season\nThe 1954 San Francisco 49ers season was the franchise's 5th season in the National Football League and their 9th overall. The team was coming off a 9\u20133 record in 1953, finishing one game behind the Detroit Lions for a spot in the championship game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072005-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 San Francisco 49ers season\nThe 49ers would get off to a strong start, beginning the season with a 4\u20130\u20131 record, as they were trying to finish on top of the conference for the 1st time in team history. The Niners would lose their next 2 games against the Chicago Bears and Los Angeles Rams by close scores, however, they still found themselves in the playoff race as no team was running away with the conference. The 4\u20132\u20131 Niners had a huge game against the 5\u20131\u20130 Detroit Lions, which was a must-win game for San Francisco. The Lions though had other ideas, demolishing the 49ers 48\u20137, as they fell to a 4\u20133\u20131 record. San Francisco would finish the season with 3 wins in their final 4 games, and finished the year in 3rd place with a 7\u20134\u20131 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 751]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072005-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 San Francisco 49ers season\nOffensively, Y. A. Tittle had another strong season, throwing for 2,205 yards and 9 touchdowns, while completing 57.6% of his passes. Billy Wilson led the club with 60 receptions and 830 yards and 5 touchdowns. San Francisco's ground attack was overwhelming. Joe Perry rushed for an NFL high 1,049 yards, and John Johnson rushed for 681 yards (2nd highest total in the NFL) and a team-high 9 touchdowns. Hugh McElhenny was leading the team with 8.0 yards per carry until he separated his shoulder on October 31 against the Chicago Bears.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 569]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072005-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 San Francisco 49ers season\nJoe Perry (FB), Bruno Banducci (G) and Leo Nomellini (DT) made the Associated Press All-Pro team. Hugh McElhenny (HB), Billy Wilson (E), and Bob St. Clair (T) made the second squad.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072005-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 San Francisco 49ers season, Schedule, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 52], "content_span": [53, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072006-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 San Francisco State Gators football team\nThe 1954 San Francisco State Gators football team represented San Francisco State College during the 1954 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072006-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 San Francisco State Gators football team\nSan Francisco State competed in the Far Western Conference (FWC). The Gators were led by 5th-year head coach Joe Verducci. They played home games at Cox Stadium in San Francisco, California. The team finished the season as champion of the FWC, with a record of eight wins and two losses (8\u20132, 5\u20130 FWC). For the season the team outscored its opponents 253\u2013120.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072006-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 San Francisco State Gators football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo San Francisco State players were selected in the 1955 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 70], "content_span": [71, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072007-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 San Jose State Spartans football team\nThe 1954 San Jose State Spartans football team represented San Jose State College during the 1954 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072007-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 San Jose State Spartans football team\nSan Jose State played as an Independent in 1954. The team was led by fifth-year head coach Bob Bronzan, and played home games at Spartan Stadium in San Jose, California. They finished the season with a record of seven wins and three losses (7\u20133). Overall, the team outscored its opponents 191\u2013151 for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072007-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 San Jose State Spartans football team, Team players in the NFL\nThe following San Jose State players were selected in the 1955 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 67], "content_span": [68, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072007-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 San Jose State Spartans football team, Team players in the NFL\nThe following finished their San Jose State career in 1954, were not drafted, but played in the AFL.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 67], "content_span": [68, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072008-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Santa Barbara Gauchos football team\nThe 1954 UC Santa Barbara Gauchos football team represented Santa Barbara College during the 1954 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072008-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Santa Barbara Gauchos football team\nSanta Barbara competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA). The team was led by seventh-year head coach Stan Williamson, and played home games at La Playa Stadium in Santa Barbara, California. They finished the season with a record of four wins and five losses (4\u20135, 1\u20133 CCAA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072008-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Santa Barbara Gauchos football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Santa Barbara Gaucho players were selected in the 1955 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 65], "content_span": [66, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072009-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Santos FC season\nThe 1954 season was the forty-third season for Santos FC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 79]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072010-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Scottish League Cup Final\nThe 1954 Scottish League Cup Final was played on 23 October 1954, at Hampden Park in Glasgow and was the final of the 9th Scottish League Cup competition. The final was contested by Heart of Midlothian and Motherwell. Hearts won the match 4\u20132, mainly thanks to a hat-trick by Willie Bauld.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072011-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n Peruana\nThe 1954 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n Peruana, the second division of Peruvian football (soccer), was played by 10 teams. The tournament winner, Uni\u00f3n Callao was promoted to the Primera Divisi\u00f3n Peruana 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072012-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n de Chile\nThe 1954 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n de Chile was the third season of the Segunda Divisi\u00f3n de Chile.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072013-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Shoreditch and Finsbury by-election\nThe 1954 Shoreditch and Finsbury by-election was held on 21 October 1954 after the death of the incumbent Labour MP, Ernest Thurtle. It was retained by the Labour candidate, Victor Collins.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072014-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Slovak parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Slovakia on 28 November 1954, alongside national elections. All 103 seats in the National Council were won by the National Front.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072015-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 South American Basketball Championship for Women\nThe 1954 South American Basketball Championship for Women was the 5th regional tournament for women in South America. It was held in S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil and won by the local squad. Five teams competed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072015-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 South American Basketball Championship for Women, Results\nEach team played the other teams once, for a total of four games played by each team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 62], "content_span": [63, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072016-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 South American Championships in Athletics\nThe 1954 South American Championships in Athletics  were held in Brazil's largest city, S\u00e3o Paulo, between 17 and 25 April.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072017-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 South American U-20 Championship\nThe South American Youth Championship 1954 was held in Caracas, Venezuela. It was the first time the tournament was organised.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072017-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 South American U-20 Championship, Teams\nArgentina did not participate in this tournament. They were the only non-European team to play in the 1954 FIFA Youth Tournament Under-18.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 44], "content_span": [45, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072018-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 South Carolina Gamecocks football team\nThe 1954 South Carolina Gamecocks football team represented the University of South Carolina in the Atlantic Coast Conference in the 1954 college football season. The Gamecocks finished the season 6\u20134 overall. The season began with a defeat of Army.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072019-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 South Carolina gubernatorial election\nThe 1954 South Carolina gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1954 to select the governor of the state of South Carolina. George Bell Timmerman won the Democratic primary and ran unopposed in the general election becoming the 105th governor of South Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072019-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Democratic primary\nThe South Carolina Democratic Party held their primary for governor in the summer of 1954. George Bell Timmerman was the current Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina and only faced nominal opposition in the Democratic primary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 62], "content_span": [63, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072019-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 South Carolina gubernatorial election, General election\nThe general election was held on November 2, 1954 and George Bell Timmerman was elected the next governor of South Carolina without opposition. Turnout was much higher than the previous gubernatorial election because there was an extremely competitive Senate race on the ballot, featuring former governor Strom Thurmond.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 60], "content_span": [61, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072020-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 South Dakota Coyotes football team\nThe 1954 South Dakota Coyotes football team was an American football team that represented the University of South Dakota in the North Central Conference (NCC) during the 1954 college football season. In its 16th season under head coach Harry Gamage, the team compiled a 5\u20134 record (3\u20133 against NCC opponents), tied for fifth place out of seven teams in the NCC, and was outscored by a total of 149 to 115. The team played its home games at Inman Field in Vermillion, South Dakota.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072021-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 South Dakota State Jackrabbits football team\nThe 1954 South Dakota State Jackrabbits football team was an American football team that represented South Dakota State University in the North Central Conference (NCC) during the 1954 college football season. In its eighth season under head coach Ralph Ginn, the team compiled a 7\u20132 record, tied for the conference championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 338 to 151.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072021-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 South Dakota State Jackrabbits football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included quarterback Jerry Welch with 625 rushing yards and 478 passing yards. Other key players included center Herb Backlund, tackle Jack Nitz, guard Roger Kerns, and back Roger Denker.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072022-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 South Dakota gubernatorial election\nThe 1954 South Dakota gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072022-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 South Dakota gubernatorial election\nRepublican nominee Joe Foss defeated Democratic nominee Ed C. Martin with 56.67% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072023-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 South Korean legislative election\nLegislative elections were held in South Korea on 20 May 1954. The result was a victory for Syngman Rhee's Liberal Party, which won 114 of the 203 seats. Voter turnout was 91.1%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072024-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Southern 500\nThe 1954 Southern 500, the fifth running of the event, was a NASCAR Grand National Series event that was held on September 6, 1954, at Darlington Raceway in Darlington, South Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072024-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Southern 500\nThe race car drivers still had to commute to the races using the same stock cars that competed in a typical weekend's race through a policy of homologation (and under their own power). This policy was in effect until roughly 1975. By 1980, NASCAR had completely stopped tracking the year model of all the vehicles and most teams did not take stock cars to the track under their own power anymore.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072024-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Southern 500, Background\nDarlington Raceway, nicknamed by many NASCAR fans and drivers as \"The Lady in Black\" or \"The Track Too Tough to Tame\" and advertised as a \"NASCAR Tradition\", is a race track built for NASCAR racing located near Darlington, South Carolina. It is of a unique, somewhat egg-shaped design, an oval with the ends of very different configurations, a condition which supposedly arose from the proximity of one end of the track to a minnow pond the owner refused to relocate. This situation makes it very challenging for the crews to set up their cars' handling in a way that will be effective at both ends.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 629]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072024-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Southern 500, Background\nThe track is a four-turn 1.366 miles (2.198\u00a0km) oval. The track's first two turns are banked at twenty-five degrees, while the final two turns are banked two degrees lower at twenty-three degrees. The front stretch (the location of the finish line) and the back stretch is banked at six degrees. Darlington Raceway can seat up to 60,000 people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072024-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Southern 500, Background\nDarlington has something of a legendary quality among drivers and older fans; this is probably due to its long track length relative to other NASCAR speedways of its era and hence the first venue where many of them became cognizant of the truly high speeds that stock cars could achieve on a long track. The track allegedly earned the moniker The Lady in Black because the night before the race the track maintenance crew would cover the entire track with fresh asphalt sealant, in the early years of the speedway, thus making the racing surface dark black.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072024-0004-0001", "contents": "1954 Southern 500, Background\nDarlington is also known as \"The Track Too Tough to Tame\" because drivers can run lap after lap without a problem and then bounce off of the wall the following lap. Racers will frequently explain that they have to race the racetrack, not their competition. Drivers hitting the wall are considered to have received their \"Darlington Stripe\" thanks to the missing paint on the right side of the car.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072024-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Southern 500, Race report\nThere were 364 laps done on a paved oval track that spanned 1.375 miles (2.213\u00a0km). Van Van Wey would make his NASCAR debut in this race; starting in 43rd place and ending in 20th place due to a crash on the 260th lap of the race. Buck Baker ran into trouble early in the race. Baker later drove relief for Laird Bruner and finished in 23rd position. Lee Petty experienced fuel pump trouble and later drove relief for Marvin Panch and crossed the finish line in third-place position.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072024-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 Southern 500, Race report\nOtis Martin, Buck Mason, and Frank Stutts would retire from professional stock car racing while Walt Harvey and Joe Sheppard would make their only NASCAR Cup Series appearance in this event. Drivers who failed to qualify for the race were: Bill Blair (#2), Parks Surratt (#00), Bill Morgan (#77), Jim Graham (#72), Fred Dove (#71), Ken Taylor (#62), Gober Sosebee (#51), Hank Carruthers (#50), Clyde Minter (#19), Donald Thomas (#9), Dick Rathmann (#3) and Ross Morrison (#05).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072024-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 Southern 500, Race report\nOverall, the race took five hours, sixteen minutes, and one second from the first green flag to the checkered flag. The average speed was 95.026 miles per hour (152.930\u00a0km/h) and the pole speed was 108.261 miles per hour (174.229\u00a0km/h). There were two cautions for four laps and the margin of victory was twenty-six seconds. Attendance of the race was confirmed at 28,000 people during the start of the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072024-0007-0001", "contents": "1954 Southern 500, Race report\nNotable racers that appeared in the race and didn't finish in the \"top ten\" included Lee Petty (whose streak of 36 top-ten finishes ended at this race), Cotton Owens, Jimmie Lewallen, Ralph Liguori, Arden Mounts, Elmo Langley, and Buck Baker (pole winner). There was a 1949 year model car in this race. Apparently, there wasn't anything in the NASCAR Cup Series regulations at that time against racing with an obsolete vehicle but it wasn't really competitive against the newer models. Hassell Reid would end up with a 49th place finish while driving the 1949 Plymouth vehicle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 608]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072024-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 Southern 500, Race report\nElmo Langley makes his NASCAR debut. He'd score two victories in a career spanning 536 races from 1954 to 1981.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072024-0009-0000", "contents": "1954 Southern 500, Race report\nThis would be the first Southern 500 where the leader wasn't a lap or more ahead. There were two #20 cars in the race which would be illegal under current NASCAR Cup Series rules and regulations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072024-0010-0000", "contents": "1954 Southern 500, Race report\nThe total winnings of the race was $27,405 ($260,908 when adjusted for inflation) with the winner taking home $6,830 in winnings ($65,025 when adjusted for inflation). Manufacturers involved in the race included Hudson (defunct), Oldsmobile (defunct), Dodge (active), Mercury (active but not racing), Cadillac (active but not racing), Buick (active but not racing), Nash (defunct), Plymouth (active but not racing), Studebaker (defunct), Chrysler (active but not racing), Ford (active), but no entry by any Chevrolet (active) vehicles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 566]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072024-0011-0000", "contents": "1954 Southern 500, Race report\nRobert Foster and Lee Petty were two of the notable crew chiefs that were in attendance for the race. Not only Lee Petty was the crew chief, but he was also driving the #42 Chrysler vehicle in the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072025-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Southern Area League\nThe 1954 Southern Area League was the first season of the newly named regional third tier of speedway racing in the United Kingdom for Southern British teams. It replaced the defunct Southern League. With most of the Southern League teams moving up to Speedway National League Division Two, six new teams started the season\u2014many of them making their debut in league speedway.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072025-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Southern Area League, Summary\nThree teams finished equal on points at the top but California Poppies from California, Berkshire were champions by the slenderest possible margin of a single race point with all their rivals having an fixture in hand that was never ridden.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 34], "content_span": [35, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072026-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Southern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament\nThe 1954 Southern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament took place from March 4\u20136, 1954 at the West Virginia Fieldhouse in Morgantown, West Virginia. The George Washington Colonials, led by head coach William Reinhart, won their second Southern Conference title and received the automatic berth to the 1954 NCAA Tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072026-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Southern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament, Format\nThe top eight finishers of the conference's ten members were eligible for the tournament. Teams were seeded based on conference winning percentage. The tournament used a preset bracket consisting of three rounds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 60], "content_span": [61, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072027-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Southern Illinois Salukis football team\nThe 1954 Southern Illinois Salukis football team was an American football team that represented Southern Illinois University (now known as Southern Illinois University Carbondale) in the Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (IIAC) during the 1954 college football season. Under third-year head coach William O'Brien, the team compiled a 2\u20137 record. The team played its home games at McAndrew Stadium in Carbondale, Illinois.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072028-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Southern Jaguars football team\nThe 1954 Southern Jaguars football team was an American football team that represented Southern University in the 1954 college football season. In their 19th season under head coach Ace Mumford, the Jaguars compiled a 10\u20131 record (5\u20131 against SWAC opponents), finished second in the SWAC, and outscored all opponents by a total of 374 to 124. The team played its home games at University Stadium in Baton Rouge, Louisiana.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 458]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072028-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Southern Jaguars football team\nThe team was recognized as the black college national co-champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072029-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Southern Rhodesian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Southern Rhodesia on 27 January 1954 for the seats in the Southern Rhodesian Legislative Assembly. The result was a victory for the United Rhodesia Party, which won 26 of the 30 seats. The candidates of the Rhodesia Labour Party and Southern Rhodesia Labour Party ran as independents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072030-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Southwestern Louisiana Bulldogs football team\nThe 1954 Southwestern Louisiana Bulldogs football team was an American football team that represented the Southwestern Louisiana Institute of Liberal and Technical Learning (now known as the University of Louisiana at Lafayette) in the Gulf States Conference during the 1954 college football season. In their fourth year under head coach Raymond Didier, the team compiled a 5\u20134 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072031-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Soviet Class B\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Frietjes (talk | contribs) at 21:46, 18 March 2020. The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072031-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Soviet Class B\nFollowing are the results of the 1954 Soviet First League football championship. FC Shakhter Stalino winning the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072032-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Soviet Cup\nThe 1954 Soviet Cup was an association football cup competition of the Soviet Union.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072033-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Soviet Top League\nThirteen teams took part in the 1954 Soviet national football league with FC Dynamo Moscow winning the title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072034-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Soviet Union legislative election\nElections to the Supreme Soviet were held in the Soviet Union on 14 March 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072034-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Soviet Union legislative election, Electoral system\nCandidates had to be nominated by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) or by a public organisation. However, all public organisations were controlled by the party and were subservient to a 1931 law that required them to accept party rule. The CPSU itself remained the only legal party in the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 56], "content_span": [57, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072034-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Soviet Union legislative election, Electoral system\nVoters could vote against the CPSU candidate, but could only do so by using polling booths, whereas votes for the party could be cast simply by submitting a blank ballot. Turnout was required to be over 50% for the election to be valid.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 56], "content_span": [57, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072034-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Soviet Union legislative election, Candidates\nCPSU candidates accounted for around three quarters of the nominees, whilst many of the others were members of Komsomol.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 50], "content_span": [51, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072035-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Soviet nuclear tests\nThe Soviet Union's 1954 nuclear test series was a group of 10 nuclear tests conducted in 1954. These tests followed the 1953 Soviet nuclear tests series and preceded the 1955 Soviet nuclear tests series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072036-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Spanish Grand Prix\nThe 1954 Spanish Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 24 October 1954 at Pedralbes. It was the ninth and final race in the 1954 World Championship of Drivers. The 80-lap race was won by Ferrari driver Mike Hawthorn after he started from third position. Luigi Musso finished second for the Maserati team and Mercedes driver Juan Manuel Fangio came in third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072036-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Spanish Grand Prix, Race report\nThe long-awaited Lancia D50s arrived-using their 90 degree V8 engine as a stiffening aid for the chassis; they were simple but brilliantly designed. Ascari immediately set the fastest practice lap and led from pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 36], "content_span": [37, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072036-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Spanish Grand Prix, Race report\nVilloresi in the fellow Lancia retired with brake trouble after just 1 lap and Ascari succumbed to clutch problems after 9 laps.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 36], "content_span": [37, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072036-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Spanish Grand Prix, Race report\nVarious other drivers took the lead and then retired-Schell spun off, Trintignant had mechanical problems and Moss overheated (one of several retirements caused by flying newspaper jamming the radiator ducts). The race boiled down to a duel between Hawthorn and Fangio but the Argentine was losing oil and lost second place to Musso. Hawthorn hung on to take the win with Fangio driving well to claim the final podium position.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 36], "content_span": [37, 464]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072036-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Spanish Grand Prix, Race report\nThis proved to be the last major race held at the Pedralbes street circuit. The Le Mans disaster in 1955 meant tighter safety regulations, and the spectator-lined street circuit in the Pedralbes neighborhood of Barcelona was abandoned and has not been used since.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 36], "content_span": [37, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072036-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Spanish Grand Prix, Shared drives\nCar #22: Toulo de Graffenried (30 laps) and Ottorino Volonterio (27 laps)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 38], "content_span": [39, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072037-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Speedway National League\nThe 1954 National League Division One was the 20th season of speedway in the United Kingdom and the ninth post-war season of the highest tier of speedway.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072037-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Speedway National League, Summary\nBristol dropped out of the league and joined the National League Division Two. Wimbledon won their first National League Championship, beginning a run of 7 titles in 8 years, ending a similar run by Wembley Lions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072037-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Speedway National League, National Trophy\nThe 1954 National Trophy was the 17th edition of the Knockout Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 46], "content_span": [47, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072038-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Speedway National League Division Two\nThe 1954 National League Division Two was the ninth post-war season of the second tier of motorcycle speedway in Great Britain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072038-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Speedway National League Division Two, Summary\nThe Southern League was replaced by the Southern Area League which resulted in Division Two taking in teams from the defunct Southern League. Only St Austell Gulls declined to step up to the national level, whilst from the previous season Yarmouth Bloaters were not issued a racing licence and Stoke Potters withdrew. Bristol Bulldogs moved down from Division One to make 15 teams starting the season however Glasgow White City Tigers and Wolverhampton Wasps withdrew before the league campaign started.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 51], "content_span": [52, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072038-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Speedway National League Division Two, Summary\nPlymouth Devils withdrew after 1 league fixture, Edinburgh Monarchs withdrew after 5.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 51], "content_span": [52, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072039-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 St. Louis Cardinals season\nThe 1954 St. Louis Cardinals season was the team's 73rd season in St. Louis, Missouri and its 63rd season in the National League. The Cardinals went 72\u201382 during the season and finished 6th in the National League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072039-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 St. Louis Cardinals season, Regular season\nIn his first four major league games, first baseman Joe Cunningham became the first Cardinals player to hit at least two home runs. On April 6, 2016, Jeremy Hazelbaker matched him for this feat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 47], "content_span": [48, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072039-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 St. Louis Cardinals season, Regular season\nOutfielder Wally Moon won the Rookie of the Year Award this year, batting .304, with 12 home runs and 76 RBIs. Along the way, on April 13 Moon hit a home run in his first major league at-bat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 47], "content_span": [48, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072039-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 St. Louis Cardinals season, Regular season\nDuring the season, Tom Alston became the first black player in the history of the Cardinals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 47], "content_span": [48, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072039-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 76], "content_span": [77, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072039-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 69], "content_span": [70, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072039-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 74], "content_span": [75, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072039-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072039-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 72], "content_span": [73, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072040-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Stanford Indians football team\nThe 1954 Stanford Indians football team represented Stanford University in the 1954 college football season. The team was led by Chuck Taylor in his fourth year. The team played their home games at Stanford Stadium in Stanford, California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072040-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Stanford Indians football team\nStanford's loss to San Jose State was the team's first-ever loss in the rivalry series that began in 1900. The team's 72\u20130 loss to UCLA remains Stanford's largest-ever margin of defeat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072041-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Stanley Cup Finals\nThe 1954 Stanley Cup Finals was contested by the Detroit Red Wings and the defending champion Montreal Canadiens, in their fourth straight Finals. It was the second Detroit\u2013Montreal Finals series of the 1950s. The Wings won the series 4\u20133 to win their second Stanley Cup in four years and sixth overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072041-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Stanley Cup Finals, Paths to the Finals\nMontreal defeated the Boston Bruins 4\u20130 to reach the Finals. Detroit defeated the Toronto Maple Leafs 4\u20131 to reach the Finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072041-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Stanley Cup Finals, Game summaries\nTony Leswick scored the series-winning goal at 4:29 of overtime in the seventh game. In fact, Leswick's goal was one of the strangest Stanley Cup-winning goals in history, as Leswick's shot was deflected off the glove of Montreal's Doug Harvey and into the net. The Canadiens immediately skated off the ice without shaking hands with the Red Wings. This was the second time in NHL history that a seventh game of the Stanley Cup Finals was decided in overtime; the previous time it happened, in 1950, Detroit beat the New York Rangers in the Finals. As of 2020, this is the most recent occasion where the seventh game of a Stanley Cup Finals was settled in overtime.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 39], "content_span": [40, 705]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072041-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Stanley Cup Finals, Broadcasting\nCBC's coverage of games 3\u20135 were joined in progress at 9:30 p.m. (approximately one hour after start time). Meanwhile, CBC joined game six in at 10 p.m. (again, one hour after start time). Game seven was carried nationwide from opening the face off at 9 p.m. Since game seven was played on Good Friday night, there were no commercials (Imperial Oil was the sponsor).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 37], "content_span": [38, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072041-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Stanley Cup Finals, Stanley Cup engraving\nThe 1954 Stanley Cup was presented to Red Wings captain Ted Lindsay by NHL President Clarence Campbell following the Red Wings 2\u20131 overtime win over the Canadiens in game seven.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 46], "content_span": [47, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072041-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Stanley Cup Finals, Stanley Cup engraving\nThe following Red Wings players and staff had their names engraved on the Stanley Cup", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 46], "content_span": [47, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072042-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Star World Championship\nThe 1954 Star World Championship was held in Cascais, Portugal in 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072042-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Star World Championship, Results\nLegend: DNS \u2013 Did not start; DSQ \u2013 Disqualified; WDR \u2013 Withdrew;", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072043-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Sugar Bowl\nThe 1954 Sugar Bowl matched the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets and the West Virginia Mountaineers in the 20th edition of the Sugar Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072043-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Sugar Bowl, Background\nThe Yellow Jackets were in their 2nd straight Sugar Bowl and 3rd in 10 years. They had tied for 2nd in the Southeastern Conference. West Virginia had started with 7 straight victories, with a Southern Conference championship, their first ever title. But a loss to South Carolina knocked them from #8 to #19 though a win at NC State in the last game of the season made them #10, and the Sugar Bowl had their 9th consecutive matchup of top 10 ranked teams. This was West Virginia's first Sugar Bowl and first bowl game in five years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 27], "content_span": [28, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072043-0001-0001", "contents": "1954 Sugar Bowl, Background\nDue to the ACC agreeing to a bid with the Orange Bowl, the number of teams were limited for the Sugar Bowl. Georgia Tech had been invited to the Cotton Bowl Classic, but they decided to join the Sugar Bowl after a revote, which sent SEC Champ Alabama to the Cotton Bowl instead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 27], "content_span": [28, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072043-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Sugar Bowl, Game summary\nGeorgia Tech started the scoring off earlier with a 79 yard drive on 5 passes that culminated with a Pepper Rodgers touchdown pass to Sam Hensley. On GT's next series, Rodgers threw another touchdown, this time to Jimmy Durham. The Mountaineers drove 70 yards and scored on a Danny Williams touchdown run to narrow the lead to 14-6. After West Virginia recovered a fumble, they drove to the GT 5, but a 16 yard sack made them throw a desperate pass into the end zone, which was incomplete.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 29], "content_span": [30, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072043-0002-0001", "contents": "1954 Sugar Bowl, Game summary\nThe Yellow Jackets took advantage and made their own drive which culminated with a Henry Hair touchdown catch from Rodgers to give them a 20-6 halftime lead. Rodgers would add in a field goal and Leon Hardeman would score on a touchdown run to make the lead 29-6 by the fourth quarter. Joe Marconi made it a 16 point game on his touchdown run, but Ruffin made it 35-13 on a touchdown run of his own.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 29], "content_span": [30, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072043-0002-0002", "contents": "1954 Sugar Bowl, Game summary\nWVU would narrow it again on an Allman touchdown run, but Bill Teas would put the exclamation point on the game with his rushing touchdown to make the final score 42-19. West Virginia had a rushing attack, but could not get the passing game going and was doomed with their six turnovers, four of them on fumbles by the backs, as Georgia Tech out-threw them with Rodgers, who went 18 of 26 for 195 yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 29], "content_span": [30, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072043-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Sugar Bowl, Aftermath\nDespite four more Southern Conference titles in the next five years, West Virginia would take 40 years to make it to their next Sugar Bowl. Georgia Tech would play in just one more Sugar Bowl, in 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 26], "content_span": [27, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072044-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Sun Bowl\nThe 1954 Sun Bowl was a college football postseason bowl game that featured the Texas Western Miners and the Mississippi Southern Southerners.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072044-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Sun Bowl, Background\nThe Miners had a two game improvement while finishing third in the Border Intercollegiate Athletic Association. One particular highlight for the Golden Eagles was upsetting Alabama (who went on to play Rice in the Cotton Bowl Classic that year). This was the second straight Sun Bowl appearance for Mississippi Southern, and the third in five years for Texas Western.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 25], "content_span": [26, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072044-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Sun Bowl, Game summary\nDick Shinaut returned a kickoff 48 yards to give Texas Western good field position. On the next play, Clovis Riley had run 54 yards to the goal line, until he was hit and fumbled the ball, but John Howle recovered the ball in the end zone to give the Miners a 7\u20130 lead. Shinaut then threw a touchdown pass to Jesse Whittenton on a screen pass formation that went for 25 yards. Shinaut made it 17\u20130 in the second quarter on his 25-yard field goal. Howle caught a 44-yard touchdown pass from Shinaut to make it 24\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 27], "content_span": [28, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072044-0002-0001", "contents": "1954 Sun Bowl, Game summary\nA Texas Western touchdown run by Joel McCormick made it 30\u20130. Mississippi Southern responded with two touchdowns of their own (one on a Tommie Wood touchdown catch from Billy Jarrell and the other on a 13-yard touchdown run by Fred Smallwood) to make it 30\u201314 in the third quarter. But the Miners responded with a touchdown by Riley from 43 yards out to make it 37\u201314. Riley rushed for 112 yards on 12 carries. Dick Shinaut went 11 of 17 for 158 yards, while kicking four extra points and a field goal in an MVP effort.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 27], "content_span": [28, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072044-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Sun Bowl, Aftermath\nThe Texas Western went to the Sun Bowl four more times in the next 13 years. The Mississippi Southern upset Alabama the next year in a 6\u20134 season. They have not returned to the Sun Bowl since this game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 24], "content_span": [25, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072045-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Sutton and Cheam by-election\nThe 1954 Sutton and Cheam by-election was held on 4 November 1954 due to the resignation of the Conservative MP Sydney Marshall. The seat was retained by the Conservative candidate Richard Sharples.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072046-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Swiss Grand Prix\nThe 1954 Swiss Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Bremgarten on 22 August 1954. It was race 7 of 9 in the 1954 World Championship of Drivers. The 66-lap race was won by Mercedes driver Juan Manuel Fangio after he started from second position. Jos\u00e9 Froil\u00e1n Gonz\u00e1lez finished second for the Ferrari team and Fangio's teammate Hans Herrmann came in third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072046-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Swiss Grand Prix, Race report\nThe Mercedes domination continued as Fangio led from start to finish. Moss soon passed Gonzalez for 2nd and battled ferociously to catch Fangio. However, he was himself soon under pressure as Hawthorn caught him. The two duelled furiously in a superb patriotic spectacle, ended only when Moss's engine gave way. Hawthorn himself succumbed to fuel feed problems. Gonzalez thus ended in second, whilst Fangio lapped the entire field up to second, winning by nearly a minute. Hans Herrmann in the sister Mercedes took the final podium spot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 34], "content_span": [35, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072046-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Swiss Grand Prix, Race report\nThe Driver's championship was to be decided at this race. Works Ferrari driver Jos\u00e9 Froil\u00e1n Gonz\u00e1lez needed to win to stay in contention to beat Mercedes driver Juan Manuel Fangio on points and after finishing 2nd to Fangio, he still had 23 1/7 points to Fangio's 42. With the rules in place at the time, Gonz\u00e1lez could not overhaul Fangio's total with 2 races left, and so the title went to Fangio for the 2nd time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 34], "content_span": [35, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072046-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Swiss Grand Prix, Race report\nThis would be the last F1 race in Switzerland. Following the 1955 Le Mans disaster the Swiss government banned all forms of motor racing. Swiss Grands Prix were subsequently held in 1975 (non-championship) and 1982 but both races took place in France.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 34], "content_span": [35, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072046-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Swiss Grand Prix, Race report\nThere would not be any form of circuit motor racing in Switzerland for nearly sixty four years. In 2015, Switzerland lifted their ban on motor racing for electric vehicles only. The first race organized after the ban was lifted was a Formula E Championship race taking place in the streets of Z\u00fcrich in 2018.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 34], "content_span": [35, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072047-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Swiss referendums\nFour referendums were held in Switzerland during 1954. The first two were held on 20 June on a federal resolution on concessions for shoemakers, saddlers, barbers and wainwrights and a federal resolution on assistance for war-affected Swiss citizens living abroad. Both were rejected by voters. The third was held on 24 October on a federal resolution on financial order between 1955 and 1958, and was approved by 70% of voters. The fourth was held on 5 December on a popular initiative for the \"protection of the Stromlandschaft and concession Rheinau\", and was rejected by 69% of voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 612]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072048-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Swissair Convair CV-240 crash\nThe 1954 Swissair Convair CV-240 crash occurred on 19 June 1954 when a Swissair Convair CV-240 ditched in the English Channel off Folkestone, Kent, having run out of fuel. Although all on board survived the ditching of the aircraft, three people drowned, as they could not swim and there were no lifejackets carried on board the aircraft. At the time of the accident, these were not required to be carried on flights where the time over water was less than 30 minutes flying time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072048-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Swissair Convair CV-240 crash, Aircraft\nThe accident aircraft was Convair CV-240 HB-IRW, c/n 61. The aircraft had first flown in 1948. Named Ticino, the aircraft had entered service with KLM and was sold to Swissair on 28 November 1953 for CHF 2,270,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 44], "content_span": [45, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072048-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Swissair Convair CV-240 crash, Accident\nThe accident flight was a scheduled international passenger flight from Cointrin Airport, Geneva, Switzerland to Heathrow Airport, London, United Kingdom. Prior to performing the accident flight, the aircraft had operated a flight from London to Geneva. While crossing the English Channel at an altitude of 12,000 feet (3,700\u00a0m), the pilot noticed that the gauges were indicating low quantities of fuel. The port engine then stopped and the propeller was feathered. The pilot initiated a diversion to RAF Manston. The starboard engine then stopped too. A successful ditching was made 1\u00a01\u20442 miles (2.4\u00a0km) off Folkestone, Kent at about 11\u00a0pm.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 44], "content_span": [45, 686]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072048-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Swissair Convair CV-240 crash, Accident\nThe crash was heard by a crane driver at Folkestone Harbour, who reported the fact to the berthing master. Four British Railways staff rowed a boat out to the scene of the accident, which they reached in about 30 minutes. Five survivors were picked up and transferred to the Southern Queen, which had gone to assist. Lifeboats from Dover and Dungeness and helicopters from RAF Manston and HMS\u00a0Albion also searched for survivors. A sixth survivor was rescued by Southern Queen, with the other five being transferred to her. They were landed in Folkestone and taken to the Royal Victoria Hospital. Three of the passengers survived the ditching, but later drowned.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 44], "content_span": [45, 706]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072048-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Swissair Convair CV-240 crash, Accident\nThe body of one of the victims was discovered at St Margaret's Bay on 27 June. Another victim's body was washed up in the Netherlands. The body of the third victim had not been found by the time an inquest was held in August 1954 at Ashford, Kent. A verdict of \"misadventure\" was returned in the case of the two victims whose bodies had been recovered. Although the skill of the pilot in effecting the ditching was praised by the Coroner, he was also criticised both flight crew for not going to the assistance of the passengers after the ditching.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 44], "content_span": [45, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072048-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Swissair Convair CV-240 crash, Investigation\nThe accident was investigated by the Ministry of Transport and Civil Aviation. It was discovered that the aircraft had not been refuelled at Geneva before departing for London. The aircraft held 700 imperial gallons (3,200\u00a0L) of fuel, but departed from Geneva with what was left of this quantity after the previous flight from London had been performed. The fuel had been ordered, but was not delivered to the aircraft. The captain apparently did not notice any discrepancy in the gauges on departure from Geneva.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 49], "content_span": [50, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072048-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 Swissair Convair CV-240 crash, Consequences\nBoth flight crew were suspended by Swissair following the accident. After the cause of the accident was established, they were dismissed. As a result of the accident, Swissair subsequently carried lifesaving equipment on all cross-Channel flights, even though regulations then in force did not require this. Lifesaving equipment only needed to be carried on flights where the time over water exceeded 30 minutes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 48], "content_span": [49, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072049-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race\nThe 1954 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race was won on handicap by Solveig, making her the overall winner in 1954. She had obtained line honours in 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072049-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race, The Solveig\nThe 36-foot double ender was built in 1950 in Sydney by the Norwegian family business Lars Halvorsen Sons, built of Oregan (Douglas Fir) on Australian Hardwood frames. 1954 was the fifth and last Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race that Solveig entered, as she was shipped to the West Coast of the United States in 1955 to compete in the then longest ocean race in the world, the Transpac from San Pedro, California to Diamond Head, Hawaii. After the race Solveig was sold to a local businessman Don Doyle and remained in Hawaii from 1955 until 2017.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 45], "content_span": [46, 588]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072049-0001-0001", "contents": "1954 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race, The Solveig\nHer last American owner, Lawrence \"Chip\" Wheeler, had her for ten years, during which time he performed a much-needed refit and made modifications to the boat for blue water cruising. In January 2107, she was shipped by container ship from Honolulu to Sydney by the then Commodore of the Halvorsen Club, restored to original lines and is now racing and sailing on Sydney Harbour in a fleet of classic yachts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 45], "content_span": [46, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072050-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Sylvania Television Awards\nThe 1954 Sylvania Television Awards were presented on November 30, 1954, in New York City. The Sylvania Awards were established by Sylvania Electric Products. The awards were selected by a committee of judges that included Ethel Barrymore, Deems Taylor, and James A. Farley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072051-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Syracuse Orangemen football team\nThe 1954 Syracuse Orangemen football team represented Syracuse University in the 1954 college football season. The Orangemen were led by sixth-year head coach Ben Schwartzwalder and played their home games at Archbold Stadium in Syracuse, New York. Syracuse finished the season with a 4\u20134 record and were not invited to a bowl game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072052-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Syrian coup d'\u00e9tat\nThe 1954 Syrian coup d'\u00e9tat took place in February of that year to overthrow the government of Adib Shishakli. Leading the anti-Shishakli movement were former President Atassi and the veteran Druze leader Sultan al-Atrash.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072052-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Syrian coup d'\u00e9tat, Background\nColonel Adib Shishakli came to power by a coup in December 1951, forming a military autocracy. As the leader of Syria, Adib Shishakli recognized the desires of Syria's Arab majority, and accordingly adopted a policy of pan-Arabism. He clashed frequently with the independent-minded Druze minority on the Jabal Druze mountain, accusing them of wanting to topple his government using funds from Jordan, and in 1954 resorted to shelling Druze strongholds to put down resistance to his rule.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072052-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Syrian coup d'\u00e9tat, Overthrow of Shishakli\nGrowing discontent eventually led to a coup, in which Shishakli was overthrown in February 1954. The plotters included members of the Syrian Communist Party, Druze officers, Ba'ath Party members, and possibly had Iraqi backing. He had also arrested many active officers in the Syrian Army, including the rising young Adnan al-Malki, also a prominent Baathist. Leading the anti-Shishakli movement were former President Atassi and the veteran Druze leader Sultan al-Atrash. The largest anti-Shishakli conference had been held in Atassi's home in Homs. Shishakli had responded by arresting Atassi and Atrash's sons, Adnan and Mansur (both of whom were ranking politicians in Syria).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 47], "content_span": [48, 727]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072052-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Syrian coup d'\u00e9tat, Overthrow of Shishakli\nWhen the insurgency reached its peak, Shishakli backed down, refusing to drag Syria into civil war. He fled to Lebanon, but when the Druze leader Kamal Jumblat threatened to have him killed, he fled to Brazil.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 47], "content_span": [48, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072052-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Syrian coup d'\u00e9tat, Aftermath\nAfter the overthrow of President Shishakli in 1954 coup, he continued political maneuvering supported by competing factions in the military eventually brought Arab nationalist and socialist elements to power. The early years of independence were marked by political instability. Prior to the union between Syria and Egypt in 1958, Shishakli toyed with the idea of returning to Syria to launch a coup d'\u00e9tat, using funds provided by Iraq. The coup was foiled by Syrian intelligence and Shishakli was sentenced to death in absentia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 34], "content_span": [35, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072053-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Syrian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Syria on 24 and 25 September 1954, with a second round held between 4 and 5 October. Independent candidates emerged as the largest bloc in Parliament, whilst the People's Party became the largest single party, with 30 seats. The Muslim Brotherhood did not participate as such. There were 64 independents, of whom some were close to the Muslim Brotherhood or to other parties, which explains the discrepancies in the results in various books, and there were also 9 tribal deputies. Some sources mention 140 deputies in total, other 142.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 607]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072054-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 S\u00e3o Paulo FC season\nThe 1954 football season was S\u00e3o Paulo's 25th season since club's existence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072055-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 TANFL season\nThe 1954 Tasmanian Australian National Football League (TANFL) premiership season was an Australian Rules football competition staged in Hobart, Tasmania over fifteen (15) roster rounds and four (4) finals series matches between 17 April and 18 September 1954. Hobart Football Club began playing their home fixtures at North Hobart Oval from this season due to a dispute between them, the TANFL and the Tasmanian Cricket Association and its (at that time) more financially influential co-tenant, the Hobart Greyhound Racing Club (HGRC) over the high rental costs incurred to use the TCA Ground for football. Owing to the dispute between all parties the ground did not host any TANFL fixtures until Hobart resumed playing home matches there in 1961.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 766]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072055-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 TANFL season, 1954 TANFL Ladder, Round 15\nNote: New Town became the first club to score more than 200 points in a match since Lefroy in 1932, it took until 1979 for it to be broken again.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 46], "content_span": [47, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072055-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 TANFL season, 1954 TANFL Ladder, Grand Final\nSource: All scores and statistics courtesy of the Hobart Mercury publication.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 49], "content_span": [50, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072056-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 TCU Horned Frogs football team\nThe 1954 TCU Horned Frogs football team represented Texas Christian University (TCU) in the 1954 college football season. The Horned Frogs finished the season 4\u20136 overall and 1\u20135 in the Southwest Conference. The team was coached by Abe Martin in his second year as head coach. The Frogs played their home games in Amon G. Carter Stadium, which is located on campus in Fort Worth, Texas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072057-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Taiwanese presidential election\nIndirect presidential elections were held in the Republic of China on March 22, 1954 to elect the President and Vice President. The vote took place at the Chung-Shan Hall in Taipei. Incumbent President Chiang Kai-shek was re-elected for the second term. The premier Chen Cheng was elected to be the Vice-President. These were the first elections that took place since the fall of the mainland to Mao Tse-tung's Chinese Communist Party in 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072057-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Taiwanese presidential election, Electors\nThe election was conducted by the National Assembly in its meeting place Chung-Shan Hall in Taipei. According to the Temporary Provisions against the Communist Rebellion, the term of the delegates who were elected during the 1947 Chinese National Assembly election was extended indefinitely until \"re-election is possible in their original electoral district\". In total, there were 1,578 delegates reported to the secretariat to attend this second session of the first National Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 46], "content_span": [47, 534]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072057-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Taiwanese presidential election, Electors\nThe 1947 Chinese National Assembly election elected 2,961 delegates for the 3,045 seats of the National Assembly. About half of them did not retreat to Taiwan with the government. The 1,578 delegates reported to this session barely passed the 50% requirement (1,523) of the National Assembly to hold a valid meeting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 46], "content_span": [47, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072058-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Tampa Spartans football team\nThe 1954 Tampa Spartans football team represented the University of Tampa in the 1954 college football season. It was the Spartans' 18th season. The team was led by head coach Marcelino Huerta, in his third year, and played their home games at Phillips Field in Tampa, Florida. They finished with a record of eight wins and two losses (8\u20132) and with a victory in the Cigar Bowl over Charleston (WV).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072059-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Tangerine Bowl\nThe 1954 Tangerine Bowl was an American college football bowl game played after the 1953 season, on January 1, 1954, at the Tangerine Bowl stadium in Orlando, Florida. The Arkansas State Indians (now the Arkansas State Red Wolves) tied the East Texas State Lions (now the Texas A&M\u2013Commerce Lions) by a score of 7\u20137.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072059-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Tangerine Bowl, Game summary\nThe first quarter saw the first score of the game, as Bobby Spann found James Turley on a 20-yard pass for an Arkansas State touchdown. That proved to be the only scoring of the quarter, which finished 7\u20130. The second quarter and third quarter were scoreless. The scoring drought was ended in the fourth quarter by East Texas State's Billy Ray Norris, on a 1-yard rush. The extra point tied the game at 7\u20137, and neither team managed to score again.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072059-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Tangerine Bowl, Aftermath\nThe tie ended a streak of 29 consecutive victories by East Texas State. Arkansas State quarterback Bobby Spann was selected as MVP of the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 30], "content_span": [31, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072059-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Tangerine Bowl, Aftermath\nThis game was the second tie in Tangerine Bowl history (the first having been the 1949 game), and the third-lowest scoring behind the 1948 game between Catawba and Marshall (finished 7\u20130) and the 1950 game between Emory & Henry and St. Vincent (finished 7\u20136). The game's third-place position was soon overtaken, though, as Omaha and Eastern Kentucky finished 7\u20136 the next year and Juniata and Missouri Valley tied 6\u20136 the year after that, which put the 1954 edition at the fifth-lowest scoring Tangerine Bowl, a position it maintains to present day (throughout all name-changes and variations of the bowl).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 30], "content_span": [31, 637]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072060-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Ta\u00e7a de Portugal Final\nThe 1954 Ta\u00e7a de Portugal Final was the final match of the 1953\u201354 Ta\u00e7a de Portugal, the 14th season of the Ta\u00e7a de Portugal, the premier Portuguese football cup competition organized by the Portuguese Football Federation (FPF). The match was played on 27 June 1954 at the Est\u00e1dio Nacional in Oeiras, and opposed two Primeira Liga sides: Sporting CP and Vit\u00f3ria de Set\u00fabal. Sporting CP defeated Vit\u00f3ria de Set\u00fabal 3\u20132 to claim their fifth Ta\u00e7a de Portugal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072061-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Team Speedway Polish Championship\n1954 Team Speedway Polish Championship season was the seventh season and is used to determine the Team Polish Champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072061-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Team Speedway Polish Championship, Rules\nIn First League, matches were played with part two teams, with it playing it matches return. Teams were made up of six drivers plus two reserves. The score of heat: 3\u20132\u20131\u20130. Mecz consisted of 9 heats. For winning a game a team received 2 points, draw \u2013 1 point, loss \u2013 0 points. The drivers from main squads started in match three times. The quantity of small points was added up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 45], "content_span": [46, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072062-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Temple Owls football team\nThe 1954 Temple Owls football team was an American football team that represented Temple University as an independent during the 1954 college football season. In its sixth and final season under head coach Albert Kawal, the team compiled a 3\u20135 record. The team played its home games at Temple Stadium in Philadelphia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072063-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Tennessee A&I Tigers football team\nThe 1954 Tennessee A&I Tigers football team represented Tennessee Agricultural & Industrial State College as a member of the Midwest Athletic Association (MAA) during the 1954 college football season. In their fourth and final season under head coach Henry Kean, the Tigers compiled a 10\u20131 record, won the MAA championship, lost to North Carolina Central in the National Classic, and outscored all opponents by a total of 330 to 70.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072063-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Tennessee A&I Tigers football team\nThe team was selected by the \"Pigskin Huddle\" as the 1954 black college national champion. The Pittsburgh Courier selected the Tigers as black college national co-champion in a five-way tie with four other teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072063-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Tennessee A&I Tigers football team\nCoach Kean suffered a double heart attack following the team's December 4 game with North Carolina Central. He did not return as the team's coach and died one year later in December 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072064-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Tennessee Volunteers football team\nThe 1954 Tennessee Volunteers (variously Tennessee, UT, or the Vols) represented the University of Tennessee in the 1954 college football season. Playing as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC), the team was led by head coach Harvey Robinson, in his second year, and played their home games at Shields\u2013Watkins Field in Knoxville, Tennessee. They finished the season with a record of four wins and six losses (4\u20136 overall, 1\u20135 in the SEC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072065-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Tennessee gubernatorial election\nThe 1954 Tennessee gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1954. Incumbent Democrat Frank G. Clement defeated Independent John Randolph Neal Jr. with 87.20% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072066-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Texas A&M Aggies football team\nThe 1954 Texas A&M Aggies football team represented Texas A&M University in the 1954 college football season as a member of the Southwest Conference (SWC). The Aggies were led by head coach Bear Bryant in his first season and finished with a record of one win and nine losses (1\u20139 overall, 0\u20136 in the SWC). This squad became known as the Junction Boys.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072067-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Texas Longhorns football team\nThe 1954 Texas Longhorns football team represented the University of Texas at Austin during the 1954 college football season. On October 2, 1954, Duke Washington became the first African-American to play in Memorial Stadium. Washington scored on a 73-yard run in the second quarter, but Texas won the game, 40\u201314.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072068-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Texas Tech Red Raiders football team\nThe 1954 Texas Tech Red Raiders football team represented Texas Tech during the 1954 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072069-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Texas Western Miners football team\nThe 1954 Texas Western Miners football team was an American football team that represented Texas Western College (now known as University of Texas at El Paso) as a member of the Border Conference during the 1954 college football season. In its fifth season under head coach Mike Brumbelow, the team compiled an 8\u20133 record (4\u20132 against Border Conference opponents), finished third in the conference, defeated Florida State in the 1954 Sun Bowl, and outscored all opponents by a total of 290 to 197.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072070-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Texas gubernatorial election\nThe 1954 Texas gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1954, to elect the Governor of Texas. Incumbent Democratic Governor Allan Shivers was overwhelmingly reelected in the general election after defeating future Senator Ralph Yarborough in the Democratic primary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072071-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 The Citadel Bulldogs football team\nThe 1954 The Citadel Bulldogs football team represented The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina in the 1954 college football season. John D. McMillan served as head coach for the second season. The Bulldogs played as members of the Southern Conference and played home games at Johnson Hagood Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072072-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1954 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship was the 64th staging of the Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Tipperary County Board in 1887. The championship began on 22 August 1954 and ended on 3 October 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072072-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship\nOn 3 October 1954, Holycross-Ballycahill won the championship after a 6-05 to 2-03 defeat of Roscrea in the final at Thurles Sportsfield. It was their third championship title overall and their first title since 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072073-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Titleholders Championship\nThe 1954 Titleholders Championship was contested from March 11\u201314 at Augusta Country Club. It was the 15th edition of the Titleholders Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072074-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Toledo Rockets football team\nThe 1954 Toledo Rockets football team was an American football team that represented Toledo University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1954 college football season. In their first season under head coach Forrest England, the Rockets compiled a 6\u20132\u20131 record (3\u20134 against MAC opponents), finished in fourth place in the MAC, and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 205 to 113.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072074-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Toledo Rockets football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Jerry Nowak with 393 passing yards, Mel Triplett with 803 rushing yards, and  Dick Basich with 255 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072075-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Tongan general election\nGeneral elections were held in Tonga on 28 May 1954. An amended electoral law had been passed in 1951 to allow women to vote for the first time in the elections; however, a technical error in the legislation was discovered that meant the franchise could not be extended in time to take effect for the 1954 elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072075-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Tongan general election, Electoral system\nThe Legislative Assembly had seven directly-elected members; three representing Tongatapu and nearby islands, two representing Ha\u02bbapai and two representing Vava\u02bbu and nearby islands.. A further seven members were elected by the nobility based on the same constituencies, seven ministers (including the governors of Ha\u02bbapai and Vava\u02bbu) and a Speaker chosen by the monarch, S\u0101lote Tupou III.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 46], "content_span": [47, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072076-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Torneo God\u00f3\nThe 1954 Torneo God\u00f3 was the second edition of the Torneo God\u00f3 annual tennis tournament played on clay courts in Barcelona, Spain. It took place from May 11\u201316, 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072077-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Torneo di Viareggio\nThe 1954 winners of the Torneo di Viareggio (in English, the Viareggio Tournament, officially the Viareggio Cup World Football Tournament Coppa Carnevale), the annual youth football tournament held in Viareggio, Tuscany, are listed below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072077-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Torneo di Viareggio, Format\nThe 16 teams are organized in knockout rounds, all played single tie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 32], "content_span": [33, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072078-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Toronto Argonauts season\nThe 1954 Toronto Argonauts finished in third place in the Interprovincial Rugby Football Union with a 6\u20138 record and failed to make the playoffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072079-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Toronto municipal election\nMunicipal elections were held in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, on December 6, 1954. Incumbent mayor Leslie Saunders was defeated by Nathan Phillips in a close contest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072079-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Toronto municipal election, Toronto mayor\nController Leslie Saunders had been appointed mayor after the resignation of Allan Lamport, who left to work with the Toronto Transit Commission. He was challenged by Nathan Phillips, a longtime city councilor who had made a previous attempt to win the mayoralty. Phillips was Jewish, a sharp departure from the standard for Toronto mayors, who for decades had been Protestant Orange Order members.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 46], "content_span": [47, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072079-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Toronto municipal election, Toronto mayor\nPhillips' religion was an important issue in the election. Saunders publicly proclaimed he was running as \"Leslie Saunders, Protestant\". Saunders was a leader of the Orange Order and the publisher of the radical monthly newspaper Protestant Action. His anti-Catholicism and proclamations that Toronto was a \"Protestant city\" had caused controversy in the past. One of his first acts after ascending to the mayoralty was to issue an official proclamation commemorating The Twelfth, the anniversary of the victory of William of Orange over the Irish.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 46], "content_span": [47, 595]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072079-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Toronto municipal election, Toronto mayor\nA second controversy arose during the election when Brown released accusation about room 1735 in the Royal York hotel. He argued that the room was a secret entertainment suite paid for by the city for the use of the mayor. Saunders claims that it was rented by Mayor Lamport and that he was totally unaware of the suite. Nonetheless the scandal hurt his reelection bid.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 46], "content_span": [47, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072079-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Toronto municipal election, Toronto mayor\nAlso running was former school board head Arthur Brown, who had previously come close to defeating Lamport for the job, and who had the support of the Globe and Mail newspaper. The Toronto Star and the Telegram both supported Phillips. Saunders in his memoirs accuses Brown of splitting the \"Christian and Gentile vote\" and getting Phillips elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 46], "content_span": [47, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072079-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Toronto municipal election, Toronto mayor\nThe fourth candidate was Communist A. A. MacLeod, former Labor-Progressive Party M.P.P in the Ontario legislature for Bellwoods.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 46], "content_span": [47, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072079-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 Toronto municipal election, Board of Control\nSaunders' appointment to the mayoralty led to the appointment of Alderman Ross Lipsett to the Board of Control. This controversially passed over former Alderman Joseph Cornish, who had finished fifth in the 1953 election. In the 1954 election, Cornish displaced Lipsett to win the fourth and final seat on the Board. The most senior two Controllers in terms of votes also sat on Metro Toronto Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 49], "content_span": [50, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072079-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 Toronto municipal election, City council\nTwo aldermen were elected per Ward. The alderman with the most votes was declared Senior Alderman and sat on both Toronto City Council and Metro Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 45], "content_span": [46, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072079-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 Toronto municipal election, City council\nResults are taken from the December 7, 1954 Toronto Star and might not exactly match final tallies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 45], "content_span": [46, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072079-0009-0000", "contents": "1954 Toronto municipal election, Suburbs, East York\nSource: \"East York Returns Reeve for 8th Term \", The Globe and Mail (1936-2016); Toronto, Ont. [ Toronto, Ont]06 Dec 1954: 1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 51], "content_span": [52, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072079-0010-0000", "contents": "1954 Toronto municipal election, Suburbs, Etobicoke\nSource: Toronto Daily Star (1900-1971); Toronto, Ontario [Toronto, Ontario]07 Dec 1954: 7.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 51], "content_span": [52, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072079-0011-0000", "contents": "1954 Toronto municipal election, Suburbs, Forest Hill\nSource: Toronto Daily Star (1900-1971); Toronto, Ontario [Toronto, Ontario]07 Dec 1954: 7.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 53], "content_span": [54, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072079-0012-0000", "contents": "1954 Toronto municipal election, Suburbs, Leaside\nSource: \"Weston, Leaside Voters To Elect 10 Councillors\", The Globe and Mail (1936-2016); Dec 3, 1954; ProQuest Historical Newspapers: pg. 8", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 49], "content_span": [50, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072079-0013-0000", "contents": "1954 Toronto municipal election, Suburbs, Long Branch\nSource: \"Mrs. Marie Curtis Reeve Again By An Overwhelming Majority\", Toronto Daily Star, December 13, 1954, pg 10", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 53], "content_span": [54, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072079-0014-0000", "contents": "1954 Toronto municipal election, Suburbs, Mimico\nSource: \"Reeve W. Edwards Defeats Mayor Norris At Mimico\", Toronto Daily Star, December 13, 1954, pg 10", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 48], "content_span": [49, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072079-0015-0000", "contents": "1954 Toronto municipal election, Suburbs, New Toronto\nSource: \"Mayor Strath Defeated. D. Russell Easy Winner\", Toronto Daily Star, December 13, 1954, pg 10", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 53], "content_span": [54, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072079-0016-0000", "contents": "1954 Toronto municipal election, Suburbs, North York\nSource: Toronto Daily Star (1900-1971); Toronto, Ontario [Toronto, Ontario]07 Dec 1954: 7.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 52], "content_span": [53, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072079-0017-0000", "contents": "1954 Toronto municipal election, Suburbs, Scarborough\nSource: Toronto Daily Star (1900-1971); Toronto, Ontario [Toronto, Ontario]07 Dec 1954: 7.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 53], "content_span": [54, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072079-0018-0000", "contents": "1954 Toronto municipal election, Suburbs, Weston\nSource: \"Election Returns\", The Globe and Mail (1936-2016); Toronto, Ont. [ Toronto, Ont]06 Dec 1954: 32", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 48], "content_span": [49, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072079-0019-0000", "contents": "1954 Toronto municipal election, Suburbs, York\nSource: \"Election Results\", The Globe and Mail (1936-2016); Toronto, Ont. [ Toronto, Ont]06 Dec 1954: 32.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 46], "content_span": [47, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072080-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Tour de France\nThe 1954 Tour de France was the 41st edition of the Tour de France, taking place from 8 July to 1 August 1954. It consisted of 23 stages over 4,656\u00a0km (2,893\u00a0mi). The race was won by Louison Bobet, the second of his three consecutive wins.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072080-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Tour de France, Teams\nAs was the custom since the 1930 Tour de France, the 1954 Tour de France was contested by national and regional teams. Seven national teams were sent, with 10 cyclists each from France, the Netherlands, Belgium, Spain, Switzerland and Luxembourg/Austria (the latter a combined team). France additionally sent five regional teams from 10 cyclists each, divided into North-East/Centre, West, South-East, \u00cele-de-France and South-West. The combined team Luxembourg/Austria consisted of six Luxembourger cyclists, three Austrian cyclists and one from Liechtenstein. In total, 110 cyclists started the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 26], "content_span": [27, 628]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072080-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Tour de France, Teams\nNotable absents were the Italian cyclists. In Italy, new sponsors had entered the market, named \"extra-sportives\" because they did not sell a product directly related to the sport. During the 1954 Giro d'Italia, this caused a strike, the Bernina strike. After this, the Italian federation decided not to send a team to the 1954 Tour de France. In May, Italian Cycling Federation head Adriano Rodoni announced Italian riders would not participate in the Tour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 26], "content_span": [27, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072080-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Tour de France, Route and stages\nThe 1954 Tour de France was the first time that the Tour had started outside France, as it started in Amsterdam. Also new was the team time trial. Although around 1930 the Tour had seen stages in which the teams started separately, in 1954 the team time trial format was reintroduced in a way that only the team time counted. Also the split stages were reintroduced. Stage 4 was divided into two parts: the team time trial of 10.4\u00a0km (part A), and a regular stage of 131\u00a0km (part B), both run on the same day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 37], "content_span": [38, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072080-0003-0001", "contents": "1954 Tour de France, Route and stages\nSimilarly, stage 21 was divided into a regular stage of 134\u00a0km (part A) and an individual time trial of 72\u00a0km (part B), also both run on the same day. There were two rest days, in Bordeaux and Lyon. The highest point of elevation in the race was 2,556\u00a0m (8,386\u00a0ft) at the summit tunnel of the Col du Galibier mountain pass on stage 19.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 37], "content_span": [38, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072080-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Tour de France, Race overview\nIn the first stage, Wout Wagtmans won the sprint, and took the yellow jersey. He would remain the leader until the team time trial in stage 4, when the French team won back enough time on the Dutch team for Bobet to take over the lead. In that time trial, over 10.4\u00a0km, the winning team was decided by adding the times of the three best cyclists per team. For the general classification, every cyclist got added his individual time. In the second part of the fourth stage, former winner Jean Robic hit a photographer during the sprint, fell down and had to give up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 600]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072080-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Tour de France, Race overview\nIn the eighth stage, Wagtmans had joined a breakaway, which won enough time on Bobet for Wagtmans to take back the yellow jersey. Wagtmans fell down in the eleventh stage, and although he managed to keep his lead until the start of the twelfth stage, he continued without morale. In the twelfth stage in the Pyrenees, three important riders attacked: Bauvin, Bahamontes and Mall\u00e9jac. They stayed ahead, and Bauvin jumped to the first position in the general classification. Bobet was not far behind these three, and moved into the second place. In that twelfth stage, Hugo Koblet had fallen down, and lost 27 minutes, and his chances to win the Tour de France a second time. In the next stage, Koblet gave up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 744]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072080-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 Tour de France, Race overview\nIn the fourteenth stage, the Swiss cyclists were fighting back. They were riding as fast as they could, and the leading group was getting smaller. Bauvin also could not keep up with that group, partly because he had a flat tire, and finished 8 minutes behind, losing the leading position. Bobet however could keep up with the Swiss pace, and took over the yellow jersey as leader of the general classification.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072080-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 Tour de France, Race overview\nIn the sixteenth stage, Bauvin lost another 20 minutes, and dropped to sixth place. The Swiss cyclists had attacked Bobet where they could, but were unable to gain time on him. They had moved into second and third place of the general classification. In the eighteenth stage, Bobet dominated, and dropped all of the other contenders. He won by a margin of one minute and 49 seconds, and his margin in the general classification was 12 minutes 49 seconds, which would normally be large enough for the victory. Bobet also won the individual time trial, and thereby increased his margin even more.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 629]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072080-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 Tour de France, Race overview\nThe Swiss cyclists could not attack Bobet anymore in the last stages, so Bobet won his second Tour de France. The Swiss team had performed well though, capturing the second and third place in the general classification, winning the team classification and having K\u00fcbler win the points classification.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072080-0009-0000", "contents": "1954 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes\nThe time that each cyclist required to finish each stage was recorded, and these times were added together for the general classification. If a cyclist had received a time bonus, it was subtracted from this total; all time penalties were added to this total. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey. Of the 110 cyclists that started the 1954 Tour de France, 69 finished the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 63], "content_span": [64, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072080-0010-0000", "contents": "1954 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes\nThe points classification was calculated in the same way as in 1953, following the calculation method from the Tours de France from 1905 to 1912. Points were given according to the ranking of the stage: the winner received one points, the next cyclist two points, and so on. These points were added, and the cyclist with the fewest points was the leader of the points classification. In 1954, this was won by Ferdinand K\u00fcbler.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 63], "content_span": [64, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072080-0011-0000", "contents": "1954 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes\nPoints for the mountains classification were earned by reaching the mountain tops first. The system was almost the same as in 1953: there were two types of mountain tops: the hardest ones, in category 1, gave 10 points to the first cyclist, the easier ones, in category 2, gave 6 points to the first cyclist, and the easiest ones, in category 3, gave 3 points. Federico Bahamontes won this classification.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 63], "content_span": [64, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072080-0012-0000", "contents": "1954 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes\nThe team classification was calculated as the sum of the daily team classifications, and the daily team classification was calculated by adding the times in the stage result of the best three cyclists per team. It was won by the Swiss team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 63], "content_span": [64, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072080-0013-0000", "contents": "1954 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes\nIn addition, there was a combativity award given after each stage to the cyclist considered most combative. The split stages each had a combined winner. The decision was made by a jury composed of journalists who gave points. The cyclist with the most points from votes in all stages led the combativity classification. At the end of the Tour de France, Lucien Lazarid\u00e8s and Fran\u00e7ois Mah\u00e9 were leading this classification with equal points and shared the overall super-combativity award. The Souvenir Henri Desgrange was given to the first rider to pass the memorial to Tour founder Henri Desgrange near the summit of the Col du Galibier on stage 19. This prize was won by Federico Bahamontes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 63], "content_span": [64, 757]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072080-0014-0000", "contents": "1954 Tour de France, Aftermath\nAfter he won the Tour de France, Bobet would later win the 1954 UCI Road World Championships. The next year he would win the 1955 Tour de France, thereby becoming the first cyclist to win three Tours in a row.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 30], "content_span": [31, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072081-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Tour de Romandie\nThe 1954 Tour de Romandie was the eighth edition of the Tour de Romandie cycle race and was held from 13 May to 16 May 1954. The race started and finished in Le Locle. The race was won by Jean Forestier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072082-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Tour de Suisse\nThe 1954 Tour de Suisse was the 18th edition of the Tour de Suisse cycle race and was held from 7 August to 14 August 1954. The race started and finished in Z\u00fcrich. The race was won by Pasquale Fornara.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072083-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Tour of Flanders\nThe 38th running of the Tour of Flanders cycling classic was held on Sunday, 4 April 1954. Belgian Raymond Impanis won the race in a two-man sprint with French rider Fran\u00e7ois Mah\u00e9. 38 of 230 riders finished.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072083-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Tour of Flanders, Route\nThe race started in Ghent and finished in Wetteren \u2013 totaling 255\u00a0km. The course featured five categorized climbs:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 28], "content_span": [29, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072084-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Travancore-Cochin Legislative Assembly election\nElections to the Legislative Assembly of the Indian state of Travancore-Cochin were held on 15 February 1954. 265 candidates competed for the 106 constituencies in the Assembly. There were 11 two-member constituencies and 95 single-member constituencies. Out of these, one single member and one two-member constituency was reserved for SC. The main contest in the election was between the Indian National Congress (INC) and the United Front of Leftists (UFL). Travancore Tamil Nadu Congress was also significant in some Tamil - significant constituencies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 608]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072084-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Travancore-Cochin Legislative Assembly election, State reorganization and merger\nOn 1 November 1956, under the States Reorganisation Act, 1956, Kerala was formed by the merger of Travancore-Cochin state with the Malabar district (including Fort Cochin and the Laccadive Islands) of Madras State, Kasaragod taluk of the South Canara district and the Amindive Islands. The southern part of Travancore-Cochin, the five taluks of Agastheeswaram, Thovala, Kalkulam, Vilavahcode and Shencotta, were transferred from Travancore-Cochin to the Madras State. After the reorganization, the assembly constituencies increased from 106 with 117 seats in 1954 to 114 with 126 seats in 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 85], "content_span": [86, 680]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072085-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Tulane Green Wave football team\nThe 1954 Tulane Green Wave football team was an American football team that represented Tulane University during the 1954 college football season as a member of the Southeastern Conference. In their first year under head coach Andy Pilney, the team compiled a 1\u20136\u20133 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072086-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Tulsa Golden Hurricane football team\nThe 1954 Tulsa Golden Hurricane football team represented the University of Tulsa during the 1954 college football season. In their second year under head coach Bernie Witucki, the Golden Hurricane compiled a 0\u201311 record, 0\u20134 against Missouri Valley Conference opponents, and finished in last place in the conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072087-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Turkish general election\nGeneral elections were held in Turkey on 2 May 1954.The electoral system used was the multiple non-transferable vote. The result was a victory for the Democrat Party, which won 503 of the 541 seats. Voter turnout was 88.6%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072088-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 U.S. National Championships (tennis)\nThe 1954 U.S. National Championships (now known as the US Open) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the West Side Tennis Club, Forest Hills in New York City, United States. The tournament ran from 28 August until 6 September. It was the 74th staging of the U.S. National Championships, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of the year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072088-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Men's doubles\nVic Seixas /  Tony Trabert defeated  Lew Hoad /  Ken Rosewall 3\u20136, 6\u20134, 8\u20136, 6\u20133", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 64], "content_span": [65, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072088-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Women's doubles\nShirley Fry /  Doris Hart defeated  Louise Brough /  Margaret Osborne duPont 6\u20134, 6\u20134", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 66], "content_span": [67, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072088-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Mixed doubles\nDoris Hart /   Vic Seixas defeated  Margaret Osborne duPont /  Ken Rosewall 4\u20136, 6\u20131, 6\u20131", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 64], "content_span": [65, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072089-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nThird-seeded Vic Seixas defeated Rex Hartwig 3\u20136, 6\u20132, 6\u20134, 6\u20134 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1954 U.S. National Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072089-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Men's Singles, Seeds\nThe tournament used two lists of ten players for seeding the men's singles event; one for U.S. players and one for foreign players. Vic Seixas is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 55], "content_span": [56, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072090-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Women's Singles\nSecond-seeded Doris Hart defeated Louise Brough 6\u20138, 6\u20131, 8\u20136 in the final to win the Women's Singles tennis title at the 1954 U.S. National Championships and completed the career grand slam in singles. Maureen Connolly was the three-time defending champion, but was unable to defend her title after a horse riding accident.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072090-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Women's Singles, Seeds\nThe eight seeded players are listed below. Doris Hart is the champion; others show in brackets the round in which they were eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 57], "content_span": [58, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072091-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 U.S. Open (golf)\nThe 1954 U.S. Open was the 54th U.S. Open, held June 17\u201319 at Baltusrol Golf Club in Springfield, New Jersey, west of New York City. On the Lower Course, Ed Furgol won his only major title, one stroke ahead of runner-up Gene Littler.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072091-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 U.S. Open (golf)\nLittler owned the 36-hole lead by two strokes over defending champion Ben Hogan and Furgol. After a 76 in the third round, Littler fell three strokes back of Furgol, who shot a 71 to take a one-stroke lead over Dick Mayer. Hogan made four bogeys at the first six holes and fell out of contention with a 76.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072091-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 U.S. Open (golf)\nIn the final round on Saturday afternoon, Littler rebounded with a 70, but it was not enough. Furgol was helped by a great recovery on the 18th. After hitting his drive into the trees, he played his escape shot onto the 18th fairway of Baltusrol's other course. From there he managed to make par, carding a 72 for a 284 total. Mayer was tied with Furgol as he played 18, but he double-bogeyed the hole to fall into third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072091-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 U.S. Open (golf)\nThis U.S. Open was the first to be nationally televised, one hour of the final round, carried by NBC. It was also the first in which ropes were used to control the gallery, and prize money was increased by 20% over the previous year. This was the fourth U.S. Open at Baltusrol, but the first on the Lower Course, which later hosted in 1967, 1980, and 1993.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072091-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 U.S. Open (golf), Course layout\nLengths of the courses for previous major championships at Baltusrol:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 36], "content_span": [37, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072092-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 U.S. Women's Open\nThe 1954 U.S. Women's Open was the ninth U.S. Women's Open, held July 1\u20133 at Salem Country Club in Peabody, Massachusetts. It was the second conducted by the United States Golf Association (USGA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072092-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 U.S. Women's Open\nBabe Zaharias won her third U.S. Women's Open, twelve strokes ahead of runner-up Betty Hicks, a record victory margin which still stands. It was the last of her ten major championships and her final U.S. Women's Open as a competitor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072092-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 U.S. Women's Open\nZaharias missed the event in 1953 while recovering from surgery for colon cancer. She did not defend in 1955 due to back surgery, which discovered that cancer had recurred near her sacrum and she died in September 1956 at age 45.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072092-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 U.S. Women's Open\nFuture four-time champion Mickey Wright, age 19, was the low amateur and tied for fourth place. She was paired with Zaharias on Saturday for the final two rounds and impressed the three-time champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072093-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 UCI Road World Championships\nThe 1954 UCI Road World Championships took place in Solingen, West Germany.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072094-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 UCI Road World Championships \u2013 Men's road race\nThe men's road race at the 1954 UCI Road World Championships was the 21st edition of the event. The race took place on Sunday 22 August 1954 in Solingen, West Germany. The race was won by Louison Bobet of France.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072095-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 UCI Track Cycling World Championships\nThe 1954 UCI Track Cycling World Championships were the World Championship for track cycling. They took place in Cologne and Wuppertal, West Germany from 27 to 29 August 1954. Five events for men were contested, 3 for professionals and 2 for amateurs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072096-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 UCLA Bruins football team\nThe 1954 UCLA Bruins football team represented the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) in the 1954 college football season. They played their home games at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum and were coached by Red Sanders. It was Sanders' sixth season as the UCLA head coach; the Bruins finished 9\u20130 overall, and were Pacific Coast Conference Champions with a 6\u20130 record. In\u00a0nine games, UCLA outscored their opponents, 367 to\u00a040.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072096-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 UCLA Bruins football team\nThe Bruins were not eligible to play in the Rose Bowl vs. co-top-ranked Ohio State because of the PCC's \"no repeat\" rule, in effect for most of the decade, after California lost a third straight Rose Bowl in January 1951. Since UCLA had played in the 1954 Rose Bowl, they were excluded from the 1955 event. The game likely would have made for a de facto national championship game, but thus, rival USC (whom the Bruins soundly defeated 34\u20130) went instead, and lost 20\u20137 to Ohio State. Following the outcome, UCLA and Ohio State split the national championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 591]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072096-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 UCLA Bruins football team\nUCLA was selected national champion by NCAA-designated major selectors of Dunkel,  FW, Litkenhous, National Championship Foundation, and UPI/coaches, and co-champion by both Football Research and Helms.\u200b This consensus national championship is claimed by the school.\u200b Ohio State was selected national champion by the AP Poll among other selectors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072096-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 UCLA Bruins football team\nDuring the season, the Bruins debuted their powder blue uniforms, referred to as \"powder-keg blue\" by head coach Sanders, that featured two white stripes around the shoulders. The white uniforms with blue stripes were used the previous season during the game against USC but this was the earliest known instance of the stripes becoming a regular part of the UCLA uniform.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072096-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 UCLA Bruins football team, Previous season\nThe Bruins finished the 1953 regular season with a 9\u20131 record, and won the Pacific Coast Conference at 6\u20131; the loss was by a point (20\u201321) at Stanford. UCLA participated in the 1954 Rose Bowl, but lost 20\u201328 to the #5 Michigan State Spartans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 47], "content_span": [48, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072096-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 UCLA Bruins football team, Game summaries, San Diego Navy\nThe Bruins had originally scheduled Santa Clara to open their season but after the Broncos suspended football, the San Diego Naval Training Center was scheduled as a replacement. Although the San Diego NTC featured players such as All-American Bucky Curtis from Vanderbilt and All-PCC Earl Stelle from Oregon, UCLA was favored three touchdowns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072096-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 UCLA Bruins football team, Game summaries, San Diego Navy\nPrimo Villanueva scored the first two touchdowns of the game and the Bruins led 13\u20130 within 7 minutes. Bruce Ballard, Sam Brown, Villaneuva, and Bob Davenport would each score another running touchdown giving the Bruins a 40\u20130 halftime lead. Davenport, Gerry McDougal, and Doug Peters would each score three more running touchdowns and Ronnie Loudd would score a passing touchdown from Gerry McDougal  to give UCLA a punishing 67\u20130 victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072096-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 UCLA Bruins football team, Game summaries, Kansas\nThe Bruins scored three consecutive touchdowns in the first quarter. Kansas player Ralph Moody scored the first Kansas touchdown on an 82-yard punt return. Jack Ellena would score on a 50-yard punt return in the fourth quarter and Don Shinnick would score on a 73-yard run to give the Bruins a 32\u20137 victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072096-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 UCLA Bruins football team, Game summaries, Maryland\nMaryland were the 1953 national champions. Bob Davenport gained 89 yard on 23 carries and scored both of UCLA's touchdowns. Maryland's Howard Dare scored a touchdown on a pass from Charley Boxold to give the Terrapins the lead early in the fourth quarter. Davenport scored the go ahead touchdown in the middle of the fourth quarter to give the Bruins the victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072096-0009-0000", "contents": "1954 UCLA Bruins football team, Game summaries, Washington\nBob Davenport scored two rushing touchdowns, Primo Villanueva scored one rushing touchdown, and Johnny Herman converted all three extra points to give UCLA a 21\u20130 led midway through the third quarter. After Bruins Coach Sanders replaced his starters with his second and third string players, Washington quarterback Bob Cox threw a passing touchdown to Dean Derby and Bob Dunn converted the extra point to reduce UCLA's lead to 21\u20137 at the end of the third quarter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 58], "content_span": [59, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072096-0010-0000", "contents": "1954 UCLA Bruins football team, Game summaries, Washington\nIn the fourth quarter, Sam Brown fumbled which allowed Washington to recover at the UCLA 25. Cox threw another touchdown, this time to Corky Lewis but Dunn missed the extra point kick. Brown fumbled again for a 13-yard loss and Washington scored another passing touchdown on a 56-yard drive. Dunn's extra point reduced the UCLA lead to 21\u201320 with 2:30 minutes left. The Bruins would hold out to win the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 58], "content_span": [59, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072096-0011-0000", "contents": "1954 UCLA Bruins football team, Game summaries, Stanford\nThe Bruin defense intercepted Stanford quarterbacks Jerry Gustafson and John Neff eight times and returned them for 210 total yards. Sam Brown set a new conference record for punt returns with 132 yards in three returns. Villanueva, Davenport and Brown each scored twice while Decker, Loudd, Heydenfeldt and McDougall scored once each for a total of 10 touchdowns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072096-0012-0000", "contents": "1954 UCLA Bruins football team, Game summaries, Oregon State\nSam Brown scored two touchdowns and Bob Davenport, Johnny Hermann, Primo Villanueva, Doug Peters, Don Shinnick, Russ Hampton, and Clarence Norris each scored a touchdown to give UCLA the 61\u20130 victory over Oregon State. The Bruins rushed for 498 yards and 593 total yards while holding Oregon State to 88 rushing yards and 111 total yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 60], "content_span": [61, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072096-0013-0000", "contents": "1954 UCLA Bruins football team, Game summaries, California\nPrimo Villanueva rushed for two touchdowns in the first half and threw a touchdown pass to Johnny Hermann in the fourth. Cal's Paul Larson set new Bears record for passes (38), pass completions (25), and pass yards (280) and Williams scored the Bear's lone touchdown on a 7-yard run.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 58], "content_span": [59, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072096-0014-0000", "contents": "1954 UCLA Bruins football team, Game summaries, Oregon\nWith the victory, UCLA set a new single scoring record of 333 points, surpassing the previous record of 327 points in just 8 games. Rommie Loudd scored the first points of the game on a 16-yard pass from Primo Villanueva. Bob Davenport, Jim Decker, Doug Bradley, Sam Brown, and Rommie Loudd each scored rushing touchdowns. Oregon only moved passed the 50 yard line two and the UCLA defense limited George Shaw, the country's leading passer with 178 yard per game, to only 29 yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 536]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072096-0015-0000", "contents": "1954 UCLA Bruins football team, Game summaries, USC\nA 48-yard pass from Primo Villanueva to Bob Heydenfeldt gave UCLA a 7\u20130 first quarter lead. The Bruins poured on with four touchdowns in the fourth quarter: Bob Davenport scored from the one-yard line, Villanueva passed to Terry Debay for a 12-yard touchdown, Rommie Loudd caught a pass from Doug Bradley for an 8-yard touchdown, and Sam Brown passed to Bruce Ballard for a 17-yard touchdown. USC had only 5 yards rushing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 51], "content_span": [52, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072096-0016-0000", "contents": "1954 UCLA Bruins football team, Personnel, Coaching staff\nHenry \"Red\" Sanders returned to coach the Bruins for the sixth season. The Bruin coaching staff included four future college head coaches, including three (Barnes, Dickerson, and Prothro) who would eventually serve as UCLA head coaches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 57], "content_span": [58, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072097-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year\nThe 1954 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year was the 29th year of greyhound racing in the United Kingdom and Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072097-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Summary\nSpanish Battleship secured a second consecutive Irish Greyhound Derby title becoming the first greyhound in history to do so. In addition to the Derby win, during the year he won the Tostal Cup at Harold's Cross Stadium and Easter Cup at Shelbourne Park before an injury curtailed his efforts in the Callanan Cup final. After his historic Derby win he would win the Tipperary Cup with two track record runs and a victory in the McCalmont Cup but would be a shock loser in the final of the McAlinden Cup for the second year running. Pauls Fun won the English Greyhound Derby for Leslie Reynolds securing a record fifth title for the trainer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 689]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072097-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Competitions\nPrince Lawrence and Ardskeagh Ville claimed the pre-derby classics, the Grand National and Gold Collar respectively. Jack Harvey went on a significant three classic winning run; his Gold Collar finalist Demon King captured the sprinters classic the Scurry Gold Cup. The following month during the Laurels, at Wimbledon Stadium Coolkill Chieftain picked up the \u00a31,000 first prize and then in September his Laurels runner up Pancho Villa secured a four and half-length victory in the St Leger final. In addition he also won the Puppy Derby with Gulf of Darien.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 612]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072097-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Competitions\nThe Scottish Greyhound Derby moved to October in an attempt to gain more entries and this seemed to work when the competition received a good entry, including a pair of brothers who emerged to dominate the event. Rushton Mac (by Rushton News out of Rushton Panda) defeated his brother Rushton Spot, who was eliminated from the English Derby at the semi-final stage. Rushton Mac had previously won the Edinburgh Cup. The kennel brothers were trained by Frank Johnson and Rushton Mac won the Pall Mall Stakes and Select Stakes titles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 586]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072097-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Competitions\nWest Ham Stadium received a star studded line up for the Cesarewitch final in October. Matchlock beat a field in the final by seven lengths that included Derby champion Pauls Fun, St Leger champion Pancho Villa, Title Role and Barrowside. The last major event of the year was the Grand Prix and the Rushton brothers took the first two places again, only this time in a reversal of the Scottish Derby final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072097-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Competitions\nKensington Perfection trained by Bill Higgins at Oxford Stadium completed an impressive four timer by winning four National Produce stakes finals at Stamford Bridge, Catford Stadium, Brighton & Hove Greyhound Stadium (The Regency) and Eastville Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072097-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Tracks\nA new track in Weymouth opened during August; the site was on Radpole Lane and was known as the Wessex Stadium and Somercotes opened the following month. Stanley Greyhound Stadium withdrew from the National Greyhound Racing Club under the 'Combine' licence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 47], "content_span": [48, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072098-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 UMass Redmen baseball team\nThe 1954 UMass Redmen baseball team represented the University of Massachusetts Amherst in the 1954 NCAA baseball season. The Redmen played their home games at Alumni Field. The team was coached by Earl Lorden in his 7th year as head coach at UMass.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072098-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 UMass Redmen baseball team\nThe Redmen won the District I to advance to the College World Series, where they were defeated by the Missouri Tigers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072099-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 UMass Redmen football team\nThe 1954 UMass Redmen football team represented the University of Massachusetts Amherst in the 1954 college football season as a member of the Yankee Conference. The team was coached by Charlie O'Rourke and played its home games at Alumni Field in Amherst, Massachusetts. UMass finished the season with a record of 4\u20134 overall and 1\u20133 in conference play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072100-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 USC Trojans football team\nThe 1954 USC Trojans football team represented the University of Southern California (USC) in the 1954 college football season. In their fourth year under head coach Jess Hill, the Trojans compiled an 8\u20134 record (6\u20131 against conference opponents), finished in second place in the Pacific Coast Conference, lost to Ohio State in the 1955 Rose Bowl, and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 258 to 159.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072100-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 USC Trojans football team\nJim Contratto led the team in passing with 32 of 79 passes completed for 702 yards, five touchdowns and five interceptions. Jon Arnett led the team in rushing with 96 carries for 601 yards and seven touchdowns. Lindon Crow was the leading receiver with seven catches for 274 yards and three touchdowns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072100-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 USC Trojans football team\nThree Trojans received first-team honors from the Associated Press on the 1954 All-Pacific Coast Conference football team: back Lindon Crow; tackle Ed Fouch; guard Jim Salsbury.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072101-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 USSR Chess Championship\nThe 1954 Soviet Chess Championship was the 21st edition of USSR Chess Championship. Held from 7 January to 7 February 1954 in Kiev. The tournament was won by Yuri Averbakh. The final were preceded semifinals events at Moscow, Leningrad, Rostov and Vilnius.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072102-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Capitol shooting\nThe 1954 United States Capitol shooting was an attack on March 1, 1954, by four Puerto Rican nationalists wanting Puerto Rico's independence from US rule. They shot 30 rounds from semi-automatic pistols from the Ladies' Gallery (a balcony for visitors) of the House of Representatives chamber in the United States Capitol.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072102-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Capitol shooting\nThe nationalists, identified as Lolita Lebr\u00f3n, Rafael Cancel Miranda, Andres Figueroa Cordero, and Irvin Flores Rodr\u00edguez, unfurled a Puerto Rican flag and began shooting at Representatives in the 83rd Congress, who were debating an immigration bill. Five Representatives were wounded, one seriously, but all recovered. The assailants were arrested, tried and convicted in federal court, and given long sentences, effectively life imprisonment. In 1978 and 1979, their sentences were commuted by President Jimmy Carter. All four returned to Puerto Rico.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072102-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Capitol shooting, Background, Independence movement in Puerto Rico\nThe Puerto Rican Nationalist Party was founded on September 17, 1922 by people seeking independence. They contended that, as a matter of international law, the 1898 Treaty of Paris, ending the Spanish\u2013American War, could not empower the Spanish to \"give\" what was no longer theirs, in light of the 1897 Carta de Autonom\u00eda (Spanish Charter of Autonomy), whereby the Spanish Empire released Puerto Rico from colonial rule, giving the island sovereignty. While the Nationalists and other political parties supported independence, some political parties supported autonomy for the island within a formal relationship with the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 85], "content_span": [86, 722]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072102-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Capitol shooting, Background, Independence movement in Puerto Rico\nDuring this period of unrest, the electorate increasingly voted for the People's Democratic Party (PPD), which by 1940 controlled a majority in the legislature. It supported the Puerto Rico Federal Relations Act of 1950 by the US Congress, which established Puerto Rico as an Estado Libre Asociado (\"Free Associated State\"), with some autonomy. The people could elect their own governor, from the ruling PPD party; a bicameral legislature was established, and executive functions similar to those of American states were developed. The US retained responsibility for defense and foreign treaties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 85], "content_span": [86, 682]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072102-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Capitol shooting, Background, Puerto Rican Nationalist Party response\nThe Puerto Rican Nationalist Party Revolts of the 1950s were a call for independence against the US government. The party demanded the recognition of the 1897 Carta de Autonom\u00eda, and Puerto Rico's international sovereignty. It also repudiated the status of Estado Libre Asociado, established in 1950 by law, as continued colonialism.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 88], "content_span": [89, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072102-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Capitol shooting, Background, Puerto Rican Nationalist Party response\nThe Nationalist president, Pedro Albizu Campos, ordered armed uprisings on October 30, 1950, in several towns, including Pe\u00f1uelas, Mayag\u00fcez, Naranjito, Arecibo and Ponce. The most notable uprisings occurred in Utuado, Jayuya, and San Juan. They were suppressed by Puerto Rican forces, assisted by US forces.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 88], "content_span": [89, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072102-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Capitol shooting, Background, Puerto Rican Nationalist Party response\nIn Utuado, police killed the insurgents after they attacked the station. In Jayuya, insurgents declared the \"Free Republic of Puerto Rico\" after taking control of the police station; they held the city for three days, until the U.S. sent bomber planes, artillery, Puerto Rican National Guard and Army troops to suppress the revolt. In San Juan, the Nationalists attacked the governor's residence, intending to assassinate the governor, Luis Mu\u00f1oz Mar\u00edn, but were unsuccessful.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 88], "content_span": [89, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072102-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Capitol shooting, Background, Puerto Rican Nationalist Party response\nThe revolts resulted in many casualties: of the 28 dead, 16 were Nationalists, 7 were police officers, 1 a National Guardsman, and 4 were uninvolved civilians. Of the 49 wounded, 23 were police officers, 6 were National guardsmen, 9 were Nationalists, and 11 were uninvolved civilians.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 88], "content_span": [89, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072102-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Capitol shooting, Background, Puerto Rican Nationalist Party response\nThe actions were not limited to Puerto Rico. Two Puerto Rican Nationalists, who were living in New York City at the time, planned to assassinate the US president, Harry S. Truman. On November 1, 1950, they attacked police and Secret Service to gain access to Blair House in Washington, D.C., where Truman was staying during major renovations of the White House. One Nationalist, Griselio Torresola, was killed in the attack, as was a White House police officer, Leslie Coffelt. The other, Oscar Collazo, was tried, convicted, and sentenced to prison.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 88], "content_span": [89, 639]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072102-0009-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Capitol shooting, Background, Puerto Rican Nationalist Party response\nAcknowledging the importance of the question of Puerto Rico's status, Truman supported a plebiscite in Puerto Rico in 1952 offering a choice between continued direct rule as a colony and limited autonomy. While nearly 82% of those voting approved the new constitution and Free Associated State, or Commonwealth, independence was not an option on the ballot and most Nationalists boycotted the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 88], "content_span": [89, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072102-0010-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Capitol shooting, Background, Attack preparations\nNationalists were not satisfied with the people's vote in the plebiscite. In the early 1950s, Don Pedro Albizu Campos, president of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party, had been corresponding from his prison with 34-year-old Lolita Lebr\u00f3n. Some of this correspondence discussed the Nationalist Party revolts of 1950. It also discussed Puerto Rican Governor Luis Mu\u00f1oz Mar\u00edn, who had succeeded in having Puerto Rico declared an Estado Libre Asociado (Free Associated State) of the U.S.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 68], "content_span": [69, 552]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072102-0011-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Capitol shooting, Background, Attack preparations\nIn 1954, a group of Nationalists, which included Lebr\u00f3n, Rafael Cancel Miranda, Irvin Flores and Andr\u00e9s Figueroa Cordero, decided to focus the world's attention on Puerto Rico's status, which they considered as a colony of the U.S. They planned to attack multiple locations in Washington, D.C. with force.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 68], "content_span": [69, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072102-0012-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Capitol shooting, Background, Attack preparations\nAlbizu Campos did not order this attack, but the Nationalists continued to plan for it. Lebr\u00f3n decided to lead the group and, eventually, the attack. Lebr\u00f3n concluded that a single attack on the House of Representatives had a greater prospect for success than trying to attack multiple targets. They chose the date of March 1, 1954, to coincide with the opening of the Conferencia Interamericana (Interamerican Conference) in Caracas. Lebr\u00f3n intended to call attention to Puerto Rico's independence cause, particularly among the Latin American countries at the conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 68], "content_span": [69, 641]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072102-0013-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Capitol shooting, Attack\nOn the morning of March 1, Lebr\u00f3n traveled to Grand Central Terminal in Manhattan, where she rendezvoused with the rest of the group. They took the train to Washington, DC, and went the short distance from Union Station to the Capitol. Rafael Cancel Miranda suggested they postpone the attack, as it was late and the weather was rainy. Lebr\u00f3n said, \"I am alone\" and continued towards the Capitol building's interior. The group looked at each other, and decided to follow her.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 43], "content_span": [44, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072102-0014-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Capitol shooting, Attack\nWhen Lebr\u00f3n's group reached the visitor's gallery above the House chamber, they sat while the representatives discussed the Mexican economy and issues of immigration. After Lebr\u00f3n gave the order, the group quickly recited the Lord's Prayer. She stood up and shouted, \"\u00a1Viva Puerto Rico libre!\" (approximately, \"Long live a free Puerto Rico!\") and unfurled the flag of Puerto Rico. The group opened fire with semi-automatic pistols directed toward the Representatives below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 43], "content_span": [44, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072102-0015-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Capitol shooting, Attack\nFive representatives were shot in the attack. The wounded lawmakers were Alvin Morell Bentley (R-Michigan), who took a bullet to the chest, Clifford Davis (D-Tennessee), who was shot in the leg, Ben F. Jensen (R-Iowa), who was shot in the back, as well as George Hyde Fallon (D-Maryland) and Kenneth A. Roberts (D-Alabama). House pages helped carry Bentley off the House floor. The representatives were treated and recovered.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 43], "content_span": [44, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072102-0016-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Capitol shooting, Attack\nLebr\u00f3n said she fired her shots at the ceiling, while Figueroa's pistol jammed. Some 30 shots were fired (mostly by Cancel, according to his account), wounding five lawmakers. Upon being arrested, Lebr\u00f3n yelled, \"I did not come to kill anyone, I came to die for Puerto Rico!\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 43], "content_span": [44, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072102-0017-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Capitol shooting, Aftermath and arrests\nThe Nationalists were immediately arrested in Washington, D.C. The next morning in Puerto Rico, the Insular Police raided the home of Pedro Albizu Campos, president of the Nationalist Party, with guns and tear gas. Under the command of the Chief of Police of Puerto Rico, Salvador T. Roig, they fired into Campos' home from the roof of a Pentecostal Church and from a boarding house which faced the home. They arrested Campos and took him to jail. He was unconscious and half-asphyxiated when taken from the house.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 58], "content_span": [59, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072102-0018-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Capitol shooting, Aftermath and arrests\nPolice Chief Roig later said that the order to arrest Albizu Campos \"did not make any sense.\" Albizu Campos's phones were tapped, his mail was being intercepted, and Albizu was under 24-hour surveillance by the FBI, the CIA and the Insular Police. The FBI reports on Albizu Campos and the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party ultimately exceeded over one million pages in length. They found no evidence that Albizu was directly connected with the attack on Congress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 58], "content_span": [59, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072102-0019-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Capitol shooting, Aftermath and arrests\nThe Governor of Puerto Rico, Luis Mu\u00f1oz Mar\u00edn, revoked Albizu's pardon, and had the political leader returned to La Princesa prison, from which he had been released only six months before. He was accused of sedition, violation of Puerto Rico Law 53 of 1948 (otherwise known as the \"Gag Law\") and the attempted violent overthrow of the U.S. government. Two years later, on March 25, 1956, Albizu Campos suffered an embolism and a stroke while in prison, leaving him semi-paralyzed and mute. He was not released from U.S. federal custody for another nine years, shortly before his death, which occurred on April 21, 1965.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 58], "content_span": [59, 678]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072102-0020-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Capitol shooting, Trial and imprisonment\nLebr\u00f3n, Cancel Miranda and the other defendants were charged in federal court in Washington with attempted murder and other crimes. The trial began on June 4, 1954, with federal Judge Alexander Holtzoff presiding over the case, under strict security measures. A jury composed of seven men and five women was assembled; their identities were kept secret. The prosecution was led by Leo A. Rover; 33 witnesses testified.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 59], "content_span": [60, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072102-0021-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Capitol shooting, Trial and imprisonment\nRuth Mary Reynolds helped secure Conrad Lynn's services as a lawyer for Lebr\u00f3n and the other three co-defendants. The accused were the only ones to testify in their defense. Lebr\u00f3n reaffirmed that she came, not to kill, but \"to die for the liberty of her homeland.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 59], "content_span": [60, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072102-0022-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Capitol shooting, Trial and imprisonment\nOn June 16, 1954, the jury declared the four guilty, except that Lebr\u00f3n was acquitted of assault with the intent to kill and instead convicted of the lesser offense of assault with a deadly weapon. The prosecutor demanded the death penalty but Judge Holtzoff decided maximum consecutive prison terms: 75 years' imprisonment for each of the men, and 50 years for Lebr\u00f3n. Given the age of the accused, this effectively meant imprisonment for life, unless they were earlier paroled.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 59], "content_span": [60, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072102-0023-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Capitol shooting, Trial and imprisonment\nAmerican League lawyers appealed the sentence. The United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit affirmed the convictions and sentences in early 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 59], "content_span": [60, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072102-0024-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Capitol shooting, Trial and imprisonment\nOn July 13, 1954, the four defendants were taken to New York, where they appeared before federal Judge Lawrence E. Walsh of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, to face related charges, with additional co-defendants, of seditious conspiracy. This charge encompassed, but was broader than, the attack on the Congress. They declared themselves not guilty on the charge of \"trying to overthrow the government of the United States,\" but remained firm in demanding independence for Puerto Rico. Among the prosecution's witnesses was Gonzalo Lebr\u00f3n Jr., who testified against his sister.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 59], "content_span": [60, 676]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072102-0025-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Capitol shooting, Trial and imprisonment\nOn October 26, 1954, the jury found all of the defendants guilty of conspiracy. Judge Walsh sentenced them to six additional years in prison, except that Cancel Miranda, considered to be the primary shooter, received a total prison sentence of 85\u00a0years. The Second Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed the conspiracy convictions and consecutive sentences in 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 59], "content_span": [60, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072102-0026-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Capitol shooting, Trial and imprisonment\nThe four were sent to different prisons: Figueroa Cordero to the federal penitentiary in Atlanta; Lebr\u00f3n to the women's prison in Alderson, West Virginia; Cancel Miranda was to Alcatraz, in the center of San Francisco Bay; and Flores Rodriguez to Leavenworth, Kansas, where Oscar Collazo was incarcerated following his involvement in the attempted assassination of President Harry S Truman in 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 59], "content_span": [60, 458]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072102-0027-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Capitol shooting, Trial and imprisonment, Release\nFigueroa Cordero was released in 1978. One year later, in 1979, President Jimmy Carter commuted the sentences of the remaining perpetrators. Some analysts said this was in exchange for Fidel Castro's release of several American CIA agents being held in Cuba on espionage charges, but the US said that was not the case. The Nationalists were received in Puerto Rico with a heroes' welcome from roughly 5,000 people at San Juan International Airport.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 68], "content_span": [69, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072103-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 United States House of Representatives elections\nThe 1954 United States House of Representatives elections was an election for the United States House of Representatives in 1954 which occurred in the middle of President Dwight Eisenhower's first term. Eisenhower's Republican Party lost eighteen seats in the House, giving the Democratic Party a majority that it would retain in every House election until 1994. As of 2021, this is the last time the House changed partisan control in two cycles in a row.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072103-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 United States House of Representatives elections\nPerhaps the major reason for the Republican defeat was the backlash against the Army-McCarthy Hearings, in which prominent Republican Senator Joe McCarthy accused countless political and intellectual figures of having Communist ties, usually with no evidence. Another issue was the Dixon-Yates contract to supply power to the Atomic Energy Commission.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072103-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 United States House of Representatives elections\nSam Rayburn of Texas became Speaker of the House, exchanging places with new Minority Leader Joseph W. Martin Jr. of Massachusetts; they went back to what they had been before the 1952 elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072103-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 United States House of Representatives elections, California\nOf the thirty races, two incumbents retired and were replaced by new members from their party; one Republican lost re-election to a Democrat and one Democrat lost re-election to a Republican; and twenty six incumbents were re-elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 65], "content_span": [66, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072104-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 United States House of Representatives elections in California\nThe United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1954 was an election for California's delegation to the United States House of Representatives, which occurred as part of the general election of the House of Representatives on November 6, 1954. Democrats gained two seats and lost one seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 67], "section_span": [67, 67], "content_span": [68, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072104-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 United States House of Representatives elections in California, Results\nFinal results from the Clerk of the House of Representatives:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 67], "section_span": [69, 76], "content_span": [77, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072105-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina\nThe 1954 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina were held on November 2, 1954 to select six Representatives for two-year terms from the state of South Carolina. The primary elections were held on July 13. All six incumbents were re-elected and the composition of the state delegation remained solely Democratic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [71, 71], "content_span": [72, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072105-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 1st congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman L. Mendel Rivers of the 1st congressional district, in office since 1941, defeated Republican challenger Mrs. John E. Messervy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072105-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 2nd congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman John J. Riley of the 2nd congressional district, in office since 1951, defeated Republican challenger I.S. Leevy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072105-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 3rd congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman William Jennings Bryan Dorn of the 3rd congressional district, in office since 1951, defeated Republican challenger C.M. Smith.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072105-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 4th congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman Robert T. Ashmore of the 4th congressional district, in office since 1953, defeated Republican challenger Lena Bellotte.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072105-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 5th congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman James P. Richards of the 5th congressional district, in office since 1933, defeated Wade S. Weatherford in the Democratic primary and was unopposed in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072105-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 6th congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman John L. McMillan of the 6th congressional district, in office since 1939, defeated Republican challenger Vernon Johnson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072106-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia\nThe 1954 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia were held on November 2, 1954 to determine who will represent the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States House of Representatives. Virginia had ten seats in the House, apportioned according to the 1950 United States Census. Representatives are elected for two-year terms.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 65], "section_span": [65, 65], "content_span": [66, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072107-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate election in Alabama\nThe 1954 United States Senate election in Alabama was held on November 2, 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072107-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate election in Alabama\nIncumbent Senator John Sparkman was re-elected to a second term in office over Republican Junius Foy Guin Jr.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072108-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate election in Arkansas\nThe 1954 United States Senate election in Arkansas took place on November 2, 1954. Incumbent U.S. Senator John L. McClellan was re-elected to a third term in office, after defeating a primary challenge from former Governor of Arkansas Sid McMath.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072108-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate election in Arkansas\nBecause the Republican Party (or any other party) did not field a candidate in the general election, McClellan's primary victory was tantamount to election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072109-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate election in Colorado\nThe 1954 United States Senate election in Colorado took place on November 2, 1954. Incumbent Democratic Senator Edwin C. Johnson did not run for re-election. Republican Lieutenant Governor Gordon Allott defeated Democratic U.S. Representative John A. Carroll in the race for the open seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072110-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate election in Georgia\nThe 1954 United States Senate election in Georgia took place on November 2, 1954. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Richard Russell Jr. was re-elected to a fourth term in office.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072110-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate election in Georgia\nAs was common at the time, the Democratic candidate ran with no opposition in the general election so therefore the Democratic primary was the real contest, and winning the primary was considered tantamount to election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072110-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate election in Georgia, Democratic primary\nThe Democratic primary election was held on September 8, 1954. As Russell was unopposed, there was no run-off.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 65], "content_span": [66, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072110-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate election in Georgia, Democratic primary, County unit system\nFrom 1917 until 1962, the Democratic Party in the U.S. state of Georgia used a voting system called the county unit system to determine victors in statewide primary elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 85], "content_span": [86, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072110-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate election in Georgia, Democratic primary, County unit system\nThe system was ostensibly designed to function similarly to the Electoral College, but in practice the large ratio of unit votes for small, rural counties to unit votes for more populous urban areas provided outsized political influence to the smaller counties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 85], "content_span": [86, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072110-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate election in Georgia, Democratic primary, County unit system\nUnder the county unit system, the 159 counties in Georgia were divided by population into three categories. The largest eight counties were classified as \"Urban\", the next-largest 30 counties were classified as \"Town\", and the remaining 121 counties were classified as \"Rural\". Urban counties were given 6 unit votes, Town counties were given 4 unit votes, and Rural counties were given 2 unit votes, for a total of 410 available unit votes. Each county's unit votes were awarded on a winner-take-all basis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 85], "content_span": [86, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072110-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate election in Georgia, Democratic primary, County unit system\nCandidates were required to obtain a majority of unit votes (not necessarily a majority of the popular vote), or 206 total unit votes, to win the election. If no candidate received a majority in the initial primary, a runoff election was held between the top two candidates to determine a winner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 85], "content_span": [86, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072110-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate election in Georgia, Bibliography\nThis Georgia elections-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 59], "content_span": [60, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072111-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate election in Illinois\nThe 1960 United States Senate election in Illinois took place on November 2, 1954. Incumbent Democratic United States Senator Paul Douglas was reelected to a second term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072111-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate election in Illinois, Election information\nThe primary (held on April 13) and general election coincided with those for House and those for state elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 68], "content_span": [69, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072111-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate election in Illinois, Election information, Turnout\nTurnout in the primaries was 27.07%, with a total of 1,431,554 votes cast. Despite a crowded field for the Republican nomination, the primaries experienced what The New York Times reporter Richard J. H. Johnston referred to as, \"one of the lightest primary votes of recent years,\" in Illinois.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 77], "content_span": [78, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072111-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate election in Illinois, Election information, Turnout\nTurnout during the general election was 63.69%, with 3,368,021 votes cast. This election saw less votes cast than were cast in either of the two coinciding races for statewide executive offices in Illinois.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 77], "content_span": [78, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072112-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate election in Iowa\nThe 1954 United States Senate election in Iowa took place on November 2, 1954. Incumbent Democratic Senator Guy Gillette ran for re-election to a second term but was defeated by Republican U.S. Representative Thomas E. Martin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072112-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate election in Iowa\nThis was the fifth consecutive election in which the incumbent lost and this seat changed parties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072113-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate election in Kentucky\nThe 1954 United States Senate election in Kentucky took place on November 2, 1954. Incumbent Republican Senator John Sherman Cooper, who won a 1952 special election to fill the vacant seat of Virgil Chapman, ran for a full term in office but was defeated by Democratic former Senator and Vice President of the United States Alben Barkley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072113-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate election in Kentucky, Aftermath\nFollowing his victory, Barkley served a little over a year before dying of a heart attack on April 30, 1956. Cooper won the November special election to succeed him and returned to the Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 57], "content_span": [58, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072114-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate election in Louisiana\nThe 1954 United States Senate election in Louisiana was held on November 2, 1954. Incumbent Senator Allen J. Ellender was re-elected to a fourth term in office.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072114-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate election in Louisiana\nOn July 27, Ellender won the Democratic primary with 59.15% of the vote. At this time, Louisiana was a one-party state, and the Democratic nomination was tantamount to victory. Ellender won the November general election without an opponent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072115-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate election in Maine\nThe 1954 United States Senate election in Maine was held on September 13, 1954. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Margaret Chase Smith was re-elected to a second term over Democrat Paul Fullam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072116-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate election in Massachusetts\nThe United States Senate election of 1954 in Massachusetts was held on November 2, 1954, with Republican Incumbent Leverett Saltonstall defeating his challengers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072117-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate election in Michigan\nThe 1954 United States Senate election in Michigan was held on November 2, 1954. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Homer S. Ferguson ran for re-election to a third term, but was defeated by the Democratic Detroit Board of Education member Patrick V. McNamara.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072117-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate election in Michigan, Democratic primary, Campaign\nThe campaign was cut short abruptly when Blair Moody died of a heart attack fourteen days before the August 3 primary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 76], "content_span": [77, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072118-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate election in Minnesota\nThe 1954 United States Senate election in Minnesota took place on November 2, 1954. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Hubert H. Humphrey defeated Republican Minnesota State Treasurer Val Bjornson, to win a second term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072119-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate election in Mississippi\nThe 1954 United States Senate election in Mississippi was held on November 2, 1954. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator James Eastland won re-election to his third term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072119-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate election in Mississippi\nBecause Eastland faced only nominal opposition in the general election, his victory in the August 24 primary over Lieutenant Governor Carroll Gartin was tantamount to election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072120-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate election in Montana\nThe 1954 United States Senate election in Montana took place on November 2, 1954. Incumbent United States Senator James E. Murray, who was first elected to the Senate in a special election in 1934 and was re-elected in 1936, 1942, and 1948, ran for re-election. After winning the Democratic primary against trivial opponents, he advanced to the general election, where he was opposed by Wesley A. D'Ewart, the Republican nominee and the United States Congressman from Montana's 2nd congressional district. A contentious and close election ensued, but ultimately, Murray was able to narrowly win re-election over D'Ewart to a final term in the Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 696]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072121-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate election in Nebraska\nThe 1954 United States Senate election in Nebraska took place on November 2, 1954. The Republican Representative, Carl Curtis, was elected for the first time. He defeated former governor Keith Neville. 2 other Senate elections in Nebraska were held on the same day; the special election to finish Dwight Griswold's term, and the special election to finish Hugh A. Butler's term. Curtis was appointed to the Senate before his elected term, on January 1, 1955, following the resignation of incumbent Senator Hazel Abel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072122-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate election in New Jersey\nThe 1954 United States Senate election in New Jersey was held on November 2, 1954. Republican U.S Representative Clifford P. Case defeated Democratic U.S. Representative Charles R. Howell with 48.66% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072122-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate election in New Jersey\nThis election was decided by the fewest votes (3,507) and narrowest percentage margin (0.19%) in New Jersey history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072122-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate election in New Jersey, General election, Campaign\nDuring the campaign, Case openly criticized Senator Joseph McCarthy, and pledged to vote against seating McCarthy on any committee with investigative functions. McCarthy's supporters called him \"a pro-Communist Republicrat\" and \"Stalin's choice for Senator.\" The Star-Ledger quoted former Communist Party leader Bella Dodd as saying  that Case's sister Adelaide was \"an active member of several Communist front groups.\" It was later revealed, however, that the Adelaide Case in question was not the candidate's sister but a college professor who had died in 1948. A conservative faction within the Republican Party unsuccessfully attempted to force Case off the ballot, also proposing a write-in campaign for former U.S. Representative Fred A. Hartley, Jr., co-author of the Taft-Hartley Act. Case was endorsed by President Eisenhower and Vice President Richard M. Nixon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 76], "content_span": [77, 948]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072123-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate election in North Carolina\nThe 1954 United States Senate election in North Carolina was held on November 2, 1954. Interim Democratic Senator Alton A. Lennon, who had been appointed to fill the vacant seat left by the death of Willis Smith, ran for re-election. Lennon lost the Democratic primary to former Governor W. Kerr Scott, who easily won the general election over Republican Paul C. West.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072123-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate election in North Carolina\nScott also won the simultaneous special election to complete the remainder of Willis Smith's term unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072123-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate election in North Carolina\nOn the same day, Sam Ervin won a special election to North Carolina's other Senate seat, to complete the unexpired term of Clyde Hoey, making this one of the extremely rare occasions when one state held three U.S. Senate elections simultaneously.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072123-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate election in North Carolina, Background\nIncumbent Senator Willis Smith died on July 10, 1953. Governor of North Carolina William B. Umstead appointed former State Senator Alton A. Lennon to fill the vacant seat until a successor could be duly elected. The special election for the remainder of Smith's term was scheduled for November 2, 1954, simultaneous with the general election for the next term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 64], "content_span": [65, 425]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072123-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate election in North Carolina, Democratic primary, Results (General)\nScott secured the Democratic nomination for the term beginning in 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 91], "content_span": [92, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072123-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate election in North Carolina, Democratic primary, Results (Special)\nAlthough Lennon qualified for a run-off in the special primary election, he declined to seek one as he had already been eliminated from the race for the full term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 91], "content_span": [92, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072123-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate election in North Carolina, General election, Results (Special)\nWest did not qualify for the ballot in the special election, leaving Kerr unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 89], "content_span": [90, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072124-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate election in Oklahoma\nThe 1954 United States Senate election in Oklahoma took place on November 2, 1954. Incumbent Democratic Senator Robert S. Kerr ran for re-election to a second term. He faced strong competition in the Democratic primary from former Governor Roy J. Turner, and though he won a sizable victory over Turner in the primary, he fell shy of an outright majority. Turner, however, withdrew from the race before a runoff election could be held. On the Republican side, U.S. Attorney Fred Mock won the nomination following a runoff against newspaper publisher Raymond Fields. In the general election, Kerr ended up easily defeating Mock, but with a significantly reduced victory from 1948.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 726]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072124-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate election in Oklahoma, Democratic primary, Results\nFollowing the Democratic primary, Kerr had a sizable lead over Turner, but fell just short of a majority, thereby triggering a runoff election. However, several weeks after the primary, Turner withdrew from the runoff, announcing that he would not be able to adequately finance his campaign. After Turner's withdrawal, David C. Shapard, who placed a distant third in the primary, announced that he would attempt to force a runoff with Kerr. The State Election Board denied Kerr's request, and he appealed to the state Supreme Court, which quickly denied his appeal, concluding that his claim had no \"apparent merit.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 75], "content_span": [76, 692]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072125-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate election in South Carolina\nThe 1954 South Carolina United States Senate election was held on November 2, 1954 to select the next U.S. senator from the state of South Carolina. Senator Burnet R. Maybank did not face a primary challenge in the summer and was therefore renominated as the Democratic Party's nominee for the election in the fall. However, his death on September 1 left the Democratic Party without a nominee and the executive committee decided to nominate state Senator Edgar A. Brown as their candidate for the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072125-0000-0001", "contents": "1954 United States Senate election in South Carolina\nMany South Carolinians were outraged by the party's decision to forgo a primary election and former Governor Strom Thurmond entered the race as a write-in candidate. He easily won the election and became the first U.S. senator to be elected by a write-in vote in an election where other candidates had ballot access (William Knowland of California in 1946 was the first Senate candidate to win via write-in, but the ballots in that election were blank with no candidates listed, so essentially every candidate was running a write-in campaign). A Senate election where the victor won by a write-in campaign would not happen again until 2010.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 693]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072125-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate election in South Carolina, General election campaign, State Democratic Party executive committee\nSitting Senator Burnet R. Maybank entered the 1954 contest without a challenge in the Democratic primary nor in the general election. His unexpected death on September 1 caused panic and confusion within the hierarchy of the state Democratic party because the state law required that a party's nominee be certified by September 3. Hours after Maybank's funeral, the state Democratic executive committee met in secret and chose state Senator Edgar A. Brown of Barnwell County as the party's nominee for the general election. Not only was Brown a part of the \"Barnwell Ring\", but he was also a member of the executive committee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 123], "content_span": [124, 750]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072125-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate election in South Carolina, General election campaign, State Democratic Party executive committee\nThe state Democratic Party's decision to choose a candidate without holding a special primary election drew widespread criticism across the state. On September 3, The Greenville News ran an editorial advocating that a primary election be called and several newspapers across the state followed suit. At least six county Democratic committees repudiated the action by the state committee and called for a primary election. Despite repeated calls for a primary, the state executive committee voted against holding a primary because they did not think that there was enough time before the general election to hold a primary election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 123], "content_span": [124, 755]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072125-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate election in South Carolina, General election campaign, State Democratic Party executive committee\nImmediately after the executive committee voted against holding a primary election, former Governor Strom Thurmond and lumberman Marcus Stone announced their intention to run as Democratic write-in candidates. Thurmond and his supporters stated that the executive committee had several legal alternatives as opposed to the outright appointment of state Senator Brown. In addition, Thurmond promised that if he were elected he would resign in 1956 so that the voters could choose a candidate in the regular primary for the remaining four years of the term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 123], "content_span": [124, 679]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072125-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate election in South Carolina, General election campaign, Campaigns of the candidates\nThurmond received support from Governor James F. Byrnes and from those who backed his Presidential bid as a Dixiecrat in the 1948 Presidential election. Thurmond framed the race as a \"moral issue: democracy versus committee rule\" and his write-in campaign was repeatedly assisted by every newspaper in the state, except for those in Anderson. For instance, The News and Courier devoted its front page on November 2 to show voters a sample ballot and it also provided detailed instructions on how to cast a write-in vote. Not only that, but the newspaper also printed an editorial on the front page giving precise reasons why voters should vote for Thurmond instead of Brown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 108], "content_span": [109, 783]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072125-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate election in South Carolina, General election campaign, Campaigns of the candidates\nOn the other hand, Brown was supported by the Democratic party regulars and he also gained the endorsement of Senator Olin D. Johnston. Brown based his campaign entirely on the issue of party loyalty, stressing that Thurmond was a Republican ally because he had voted for President Eisenhower in 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 108], "content_span": [109, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072125-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate election in South Carolina, General election campaign, Campaigns of the candidates\nMarcus A. Stone, a lumberman in Florence and Dillon, was a candidate in previous Democratic primaries for governor and senator. He did very little campaigning for the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 108], "content_span": [109, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072126-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate election in South Dakota\nThe 1954 United States Senate election in South Dakota took place on November 2, 1954. Incumbent Republican Senator Karl E. Mundt ran for re-election to his second term. He was opposed by former State Representative Kenneth Holum, the Democratic nominee. Mundt defeated Holum in a landslide to win re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072126-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate election in South Dakota, Primary elections\nBoth Mundt and Holum won their primaries without opposition. Mundt announced that he would seek a second term on December 31, 1953, amid speculation that Governor Sigurd Anderson would challenge him in the Republican primary. However, on February 9, 1954, Anderson announced that he wouldn't challenge Mundt, and would instead retire rather than seek re-election. No candidates emerged against Mundt until Kenneth Holum, a former State Representative from Groton, announced his campaign on April 5, 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 69], "content_span": [70, 574]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072126-0001-0001", "contents": "1954 United States Senate election in South Dakota, Primary elections\nFormer State Senator David L. Wickens announced that he would challenge Mundt in the Republican primary, but was unable to gather a sufficient number of petitions and dropped out of the race. With Wickens out of the race, no other candidates emerged, and Mundt and Holum faced no opposition for their parties' nominations. Accordingly, both races were removed from the primary election ballot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 69], "content_span": [70, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072127-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate election in Texas\nThe 1954 United States Senate election in Texas was held on November 2, 1954. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Lyndon Baines Johnson was re-elected to a second term in office, easily dispatching his challengers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072128-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate election in Virginia\nThe 1954 United States Senate election in Virginia was held on November 2, 1954. Democratic incumbent Senator Absalom Willis Robertson defeated Independent Democrat Charles Lewis and Social Democrat Clarke Robb and was re-elected to a second term in office.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072129-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate elections\nThe 1954 United States Senate elections was a midterm election in the first term of Dwight D. Eisenhower's presidency. Eisenhower's Republican party lost a net of two seats to the Democratic opposition. This small change was just enough to give Democrats control of the chamber with the support of an Independent (Wayne Morse of Oregon) who caucused with them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072129-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate elections\nThe elections resulted in a divided government that continued to the end of Eisenhower's presidency and a Democratic majority that would last until 1981.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072129-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate elections\nAs of 2021, this is the last Senate election cycle in which a state had to hold three elections for both seats (two special elections and one regular election) due to the near-simultaneous deaths of both incumbent Senators.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072129-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate elections, Results summary\nColored shading indicates party with largest share of that row.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 52], "content_span": [53, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072129-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate elections, Retirements\nRepublicans made a net gain of two seats from retirements.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 48], "content_span": [49, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072129-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Special elections during the 83rd Congress\nIn these special elections, the winners were seated during 1954 or before January 3, 1955; ordered by election date, then state, then class.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 95], "content_span": [96, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072129-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Races leading to the 84th Congress\nIn these general elections, the winner was seated on January 3, 1955; ordered by state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 87], "content_span": [88, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072129-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate elections, California (special)\nFollowing the resignation of Richard Nixon to assume the vice presidency, Governor Earl Warren appointed Thomas Kuchel to Nixon's seat; Kuchel assumed the office on January 2, 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 57], "content_span": [58, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072129-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate elections, Massachusetts\nDemocrat Foster Furcolo (Treasurer and Receiver-General of Massachusetts since 1952 and member of the United States House of Representatives from Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district from 1949-1952) beat John I. Fitzgerald (former member of the Boston City Council and Democratic candidate for Senate in 1948) and Joseph L. Murphy (former member of the Massachusetts Senate).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 50], "content_span": [51, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072129-0009-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate elections, Massachusetts\nRepublican incumbent Leverett Saltonstall (United States senator since 1945 and Governor of Massachusetts from 1939-1945) was renominated. Other nominees included Socialist Workers Thelma Ingersoll (ran for Senate in 1952.) and Prohibition Harold J. Ireland (candidate for Treasurer and Receiver-General in 1948 and 1952).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 50], "content_span": [51, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072129-0010-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate elections, Montana\nIn Montana incumbent senator James E. Murray, who was first elected to the Senate in a special election in 1934 and was re-elected in 1936, 1942, and 1948, ran for re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072129-0011-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate elections, Montana\nMurray won the Democratic primary against trivial opponents (farmer Ray E. Gulick and Sam G. Feezell).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072129-0012-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate elections, Montana\nRepublican Wesley A. D'Ewart United States Congressman from Montana's 2nd congressional district beat Robert Yellowtail, former Superintendent of the Crow Indian Reservation, for the GOP nomination.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072129-0013-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate elections, Montana\nA contentious and close election ensued, but ultimately, Murray was able to narrowly win re-election over D'Ewart to a final term in the Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072129-0014-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate elections, Nebraska\nNebraska had three Senate elections on the ballot. Both incumbents had died in the span of three months, leading to appointments and special elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072129-0015-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate elections, Nebraska, Nebraska (special, Class 1)\nIncumbent Republican Hugh A. Butler died July 1, 1954 and Republican Samuel W. Reynolds was appointed July 3, 1954 to continue the term. Reynolds did not run to finish the term, and Republican Roman Hruska won the seat in November to finish the term ending in 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 74], "content_span": [75, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072129-0016-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate elections, Nebraska, Nebraska (special, Class 2)\nIncumbent Republican Dwight P. Griswold died April 12, 1954, and Republican Eva Bowring was appointed April 16 to continue the term. In November, Republican Hazel Abel was elected to finish the term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 74], "content_span": [75, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072129-0017-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate elections, Nebraska, Nebraska (regular)\nAlthough elected to finish the class 2 term, Abel did not run for the next term, and Republican Carl Curtis was elected in November to the next term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 65], "content_span": [66, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072129-0018-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate elections, Nebraska, Nebraska (regular)\nOn December 31, 1954 Abel resigned and Curtis was appointed January 1, 1955, two days ahead of his elected term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 65], "content_span": [66, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072129-0019-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate elections, North Carolina\nLike Nebraska, North Carolina had three elections on the ballot. Both senators had died during the 83rd Congress, leading to appointments and special elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072129-0020-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate elections, North Carolina, North Carolina (special, Class 2)\nDemocrat Willis Smith died June 26, 1953 and Democrat Alton A. Lennon was appointed July 10, 1953 to continue the term. In November, Lennon lost the nomination to Democrat W. Kerr Scott to finish the term. Scott took office November 29, 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 86], "content_span": [87, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072129-0021-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate elections, North Carolina, North Carolina (regular)\nDemocrat W. Kerr Scott was also elected to the next term, which would begin January 3, 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 77], "content_span": [78, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072129-0022-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate elections, North Carolina, North Carolina (special, Class 3)\nDemocrat Clyde R. Hoey died May 12, 1954 and Democrat Sam Ervin was appointed June 5, 1954 to continue the term. In November, Ervin was elected to finish the term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 86], "content_span": [87, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072129-0023-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate elections, South Carolina\nIn South Carolina, Senator Burnet R. Maybank did not face a primary challenge in the summer and was therefore renominated as the Democratic Party's nominee for the election in the fall. However, his death on September 1 left the Democratic Party without a nominee and the executive committee decided to nominate state Senator Edgar A. Brown as their candidate for the election. Many South Carolinians were outraged by the party's decision to forgo a primary election and former Governor Strom Thurmond entered the race as a write-in candidate. He easily won the election and became the first U.S. senator to be elected by a write-in vote (William Knowland of California in 1946 was technically the first, but the ballots in that election were blank with no candidates listed, so essentially every candidate was running a write-in campaign).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 892]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072129-0024-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate elections, South Carolina\nSitting Senator Burnet R. Maybank entered the 1954 contest without a challenge in the Democratic primary nor in the general election. His unexpected death on September 1 caused panic and confusion within the hierarchy of the state Democratic party because the state law required that a party's nominee be certified by September 3. Hours after Maybank's funeral, the state Democratic executive committee met in secret and chose state Senator Edgar A. Brown of Barnwell County as the party's nominee for the general election. Not only was Brown a part of the \"Barnwell Ring\", but he was also a member of the executive committee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 678]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072129-0025-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate elections, South Carolina\nThe state Democratic Party's decision to choose a candidate without holding a special primary election drew widespread criticism across the state. On September 3, The Greenville News ran an editorial advocating that a primary election be called and several newspapers across the state followed suit. At least six county Democratic committees repudiated the action by the state committee and called for a primary election. Despite repeated calls for a primary, the state executive committee voted against holding a primary because they did not think that there was enough time before the general election to hold a primary election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 683]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072129-0026-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate elections, South Carolina\nImmediately after the executive committee voted against holding a primary election, former Governor Strom Thurmond and lumberman Marcus Stone announced their intention to run as Democratic write-in candidates. Thurmond and his supporters stated that the executive committee had several legal alternatives as opposed to the outright appointment of state Senator Brown. In addition, Thurmond promised that if he were elected he would resign in 1956 so that the voters could choose a candidate in the regular primary for the remaining four years of the term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 607]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072129-0027-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate elections, South Carolina\nThurmond received support from Governor James F. Byrnes and from those who backed his Presidential bid as a Dixiecrat in the 1948 Presidential election. Thurmond framed the race as a \"moral issue: democracy versus committee rule\" and his write-in campaign was repeatedly assisted by every newspaper in the state, except for those in Anderson. For instance, The News and Courier devoted its front page on November 2 to show voters a sample ballot and it also provided detailed instructions on how to cast a write-in vote. Not only that, but the newspaper also printed an editorial on the front page giving precise reasons why voters should vote for Thurmond instead of Brown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 726]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072129-0028-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate elections, South Carolina\nOn the other hand, Brown was supported by the Democratic party regulars and he also gained the endorsement of Senator Olin D. Johnston. Brown based his campaign entirely on the issue of party loyalty, stressing that Thurmond was a Republican ally because he had voted for President Eisenhower in 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072129-0029-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate elections, South Carolina\nMarcus A. Stone, a lumberman in Florence and Dillon, was a candidate in previous Democratic primaries for governor and senator. He did very little campaigning for the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072129-0030-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate elections, Virginia\nIn Virginia, Democratic incumbent Senator Absalom Willis Robertson defeated Independent Democrat Charles Lewis and Social Democrat Clarke Robb and was re-elected to a second term in office.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072129-0031-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate elections, Wyoming\nThere were two elections the same day to the same seat, due to the June 19, 1954 death of Democrat Lester C. Hunt. Both elections were won by Democratic former senator Joseph C. O'Mahoney.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072129-0032-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate elections, Wyoming, Wyoming (special)\nRepublican Edward D. Crippa was appointed June 24, 1954 to continue the term, pending a November 2, 1954 special election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 63], "content_span": [64, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072129-0033-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate elections, Wyoming, Wyoming (regular)\nO'Mahoney would serve out this one term and then retire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 63], "content_span": [64, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072130-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate elections in Wyoming\nThe 1954 United States Senate elections in Wyoming took place on November 2, 1954. Incumbent Democratic Senator Lester C. Hunt died from suicide on June 19, 1954, and Republican Governor Clifford J. Rogers appointed former state highway commissioner Edward D. Crippa to replace him. Two elections for the Senate seat were held on the same day; one as a special election to fill the remainder of Hunt's original six-year term, and another to select a Senator to serve the next six-year term. Senator Crippa did not run for re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072130-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate elections in Wyoming\nCrippa did not run for re-election; instead, Congressman William Henry Harrison III won a contested Republican primary and advanced to the general election, where he faced former Senator Joseph C. O'Mahoney, the Democratic nominee. In the midst of a largely neutral political environment\u2014Democrats gained a handful of seats in Congress nationwide, which enabled them to flip the Senate, while Republican Milward Simpson narrowly won the gubernatorial election\u2014O'Mahoney narrowly defeated Harrison to return to the Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072130-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate elections in Wyoming\nAs of 2021, this is the last time Democrats won Wyoming's Class 2 Senate seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072131-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate special election in California\nThe 1954 United States Senate special election in California was held on November 2, 1954, to elect a U.S. Senator to complete the unexpired term of Senator Richard Nixon, who resigned on becoming Vice President of the United States following the 1952 presidential election. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Thomas Kuchel, who had been appointed by Governor Earl Warren, won election to the remainder of the term, defeating Democratic nominee Sam Yorty.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072131-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate special election in California, Bibliography\nThis California elections-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [58, 70], "content_span": [71, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072132-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate special election in Ohio\nThe 1954 United States Senate special election in Ohio was held on November 2, 1954 to complete the unexpired term of late Senator Robert A. Taft, who died in office on July 31, 1953. Interim Senator Thomas A. Burke ran to complete the term in office but was narrowly defeated by U.S. Representative George Bender.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072132-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate special election in Ohio, Background\nOn July 31, 1953, incumbent Republican Senator Robert A. Taft died in office. His term was scheduled to expire in 1957. Governor Frank Lausche appointed Thomas A. Burke, the Democratic Mayor of Cleveland, to fill his seat until a successor could be duly elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 62], "content_span": [63, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072132-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate special election in Ohio, Background\nThe special election was scheduled for November 2, 1954, concurrent with the regularly scheduled state and federal elections. Burke ran to complete the term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 62], "content_span": [63, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072133-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate special elections in Nebraska\nTwo special elections in Nebraska were held on November 2, 1954, alongside a regular election. The Class I election was to finish Hugh A. Butler's term, with Samuel W. Reynolds appointed to the vacancy on July 3, 1954. The Class II election was to finish Kenneth S. Wherry's term, with Eva Bowring as incumbent at the time of the election. Both seats were held by Republicans, with Roman Hruska winning the Class I election and Hazel Abel winning the Class II election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072133-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate special elections in Nebraska, Class I\nIn the 1952 election, incumbent Senator Hugh A. Butler was re-elected to a third term. Following his death on July 1, 1954, Samuel W. Reynolds was appointed to the vacant seat. Roman Hruska won the special election to complete Butler's term, defeating James F. Green.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 64], "content_span": [65, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072133-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 United States Senate special elections in Nebraska, Class II\nIn the 1948 election, Kenneth S. Wherry was re-elected to a second term. Following his death on November 29, 1951, Fred A. Seaton was appointed to the seat until the special election the following year, when Dwight Griswold was elected to finish Wherry's term. He died on April 12, 1954, and Eva Bowring was appointed to the vacancy, the first woman to represent Nebraska in the Senate. Hazel Abel (on the ballot as Mrs. George P. Abel), became the first woman elected to the Senate from Nebraska on November 2, 1954. She resigned on December 31, 1954, to give the incoming Senator Carl Curtis a seniority advantage. Curtis was appointed the following day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 65], "content_span": [66, 722]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072134-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 United States elections\nThe 1954 United States elections were held on November 2, 1954. The election took place in the middle of Republican President Dwight D. Eisenhower's first term. In the election, the Republicans lost the Congressional majorities they had won in the previous election, due in most part to the backlash from Mccarthyism and the numerous controversies it spawned including the Army hearings and the suicide of Democratic Senator Lester C. Hunt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072134-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 United States elections\nIn the House, the Republicans lost eighteen seats to the Democratic Party, losing control of the chamber. Republicans would not re-take the House until 1994. The Republicans also lost control of the U.S. Senate, losing two seats to the Democrats. Republicans would not re-take control of the Senate until 1980.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072135-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 United States gubernatorial elections\nUnited States gubernatorial elections were held in 1954, in 34 states, concurrent with the House and Senate elections, on November 2, 1954 (September 13 in Maine). The special election in Florida was due to the death of incumbent governor Daniel T. McCarty on September 28, 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072135-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 United States gubernatorial elections\nIn Tennessee, the governor was elected to a 4-year term for the first time, instead of a 2-year term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072136-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Uruguayan Primera Divisi\u00f3n\nThe 1954 Primera Divisi\u00f3n Uruguaya was contested by 10 teams, and Pe\u00f1arol won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072137-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Uruguayan general election\nGeneral elections were held in Uruguay on 26 November 1954. The National Council of Government, the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate were all elected by a single vote cast by each voter. The result was a victory for the Colorado Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072138-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Utah Redskins football team\nThe 1954 Utah Redskins football team represented the University of Utah during the 1954 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072138-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Utah Redskins football team, NFL draft\nUtah had two players selected in the 1955 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 96]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072139-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Utah State Aggies football team\nThe 1954 Utah State Aggies football team was an American football team that represented Utah State University in the Skyline Conference during the 1954 college football season. In their fourth season under head coach John Roning, the Aggies compiled a 4\u20136 record (4\u20133 against Skyline opponents), placed third in the Skyline Conference, and were outscored by opponents by a total of 187 to 158.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072140-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 VFA season\nThe 1954 Victorian Football Association season was the 73rd season of the Australian rules football competition. The premiership was won by the Williamstown Football Club, after it defeated Port Melbourne by 32 points in the Grand Final on 2 October. It was Williamstown's sixth premiership, and the first of five premierships won in six seasons from 1954 until 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072140-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 VFA season, Premiership\nThe home-and-home season was played over twenty matches, before the top four clubs contested a finals series under the Page\u2013McIntyre system to determine the premiers for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 28], "content_span": [29, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072141-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 VFL Grand Final\nThe 1954 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Footscray Football Club and Melbourne Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on 25 September 1954. It was the 58th annual Grand Final of the Victorian Football League (VFL), staged to determine the premiers for the 1954 VFL season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072141-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 VFL Grand Final, The match\nThe match, attended by 80,897 spectators, was won by Footscray by 51 points, marking that club's first VFL premiership; it had won 9 premierships in the Victorian Football Association (VFA) before entering the VFL in 1925.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 31], "content_span": [32, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072141-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 VFL Grand Final, The match\nFootscray led by 29 points at quarter-time and were comfortably in front for the rest of the game. Jack Collins kicked 7 goals for the match and John Kerr had 32 disposals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 31], "content_span": [32, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072142-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 VFL season\nThe 1954 Victorian Football League season was the 58th season of the elite Australian rules football competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072142-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 VFL season, Premiership season\nIn 1954, the VFL competition consisted of twelve teams of 18 on-the-field players each, plus two substitute players, known as the 19th man and the 20th man. A player could be substituted for any reason; however, once substituted, a player could not return to the field of play under any circumstances.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 35], "content_span": [36, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072142-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 VFL season, Premiership season\nTeams played each other in a home-and-away season of 18 rounds; matches 12 to 18 were the \"home-and-way reverse\" of matches 1 to 7.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 35], "content_span": [36, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072142-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 VFL season, Premiership season\nOnce the 18 round home-and-away season had finished, the 1954 VFL Premiers were determined by the specific format and conventions of the Page\u2013McIntyre system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 35], "content_span": [36, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072142-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 VFL season, Finals Series, Grand Final\nThis was Footscray's maiden Grand Final appearance, while Melbourne were in their 9th Grand Final chasing their 7th VFL premiership. With most of the crowd behind them, Footscray got off to a big start, kicking six goals to one in the first quarter to eventually run out 51-point winners, doubling Melbourne's score. Melbourne would go on to win five of the next six Grand Finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 43], "content_span": [44, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072143-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 VPI Gobblers football team\nThe 1954 VPI Gobblers football team represented Virginia Polytechnic Institute, now known as Virginia Tech, in the 1954 college football season. The team, coached by Frank Moseley, had an 8\u20130-1 record. The team was ranked 16th in the final Associated Press poll. Three major college football teams had perfect records in 1954, but the Gobblers only prevailed over one team with a winning record, fellow Southern Conference member Richmond, which was 5\u20134.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072143-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 VPI Gobblers football team\nDespite its record, and some interest from bowl scouts, Tech did not earn a berth in a postseason game. There were only 14 teams who played in bowl games following the 1954 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072143-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 VPI Gobblers football team\nIt was the first undefeated season for Virginia Tech since the 1918 team went 7\u20130. It also marks the last time that a Virginia Tech team has gone undefeated (although the 1999 team went 11\u20130 in regular-season play before losing the National Championship game played in the 2000 Sugar Bowl).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072143-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 VPI Gobblers football team\nThe Techmen were 3-0-1 in the conference, with the lone blemish coming in a tie with William & Mary, which finished the year 4-4-2. Tech finished second in the Southern to West Virginia which was 4-0. Those two teams did not face off during the season. Three\u00a0Tech players were elected to the first-team all-conference squad: end Tom Petty who caught nine passes for 236 yards and five touchdowns;  who led the league in rushing with 647 yards; and future Baltimore Colts star George Preas, a star interior lineman. Howie Wright, injured early in the year, was elected to the second team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 619]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072143-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 VPI Gobblers football team\nFrank O. Moseley, the 41-year-old head coach, was unanimously named the Associated Press Big-Six coach of the year. (The Big-Six was not a conference, but instead a press-inspired grouping of the six major college athletic programs in the state: Virginia Tech, William & Mary, UVA, VMI, Richmond, and Washington and Lee - ironically a school that did not field a varsity program in 1954). The state newspapers also coined seven other state athletic teams the \"Little Seven\": Emory and Henry; Hampden Sydney; Randolph-Macon; Bridgewater; Roanoke College (basketball only); and Lynchburg College (basketball only). The first team all Big-Six team included Beard, Petty and Preas, plus center Jack Prater and guard Billy Kerfoot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 758]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072143-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 VPI Gobblers football team, Game summaries, NC State\nHowie Wright scored two touchdowns to lead the Gobblers to their first victory of the year, beating NC State, 30-21. After falling behind 7\u20130 in the first quarter, Wright took a handoff from quarterback Johnny Dean and raced 67 yards to knot the score. The Tech defense did not allow the Wolfpack a first down in the second or third quarters, and in fact put the Gobblers in front 9\u20137 when George Preas tossed the NC State quarterback in the end zone for a safety.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 57], "content_span": [58, 522]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072143-0005-0001", "contents": "1954 VPI Gobblers football team, Game summaries, NC State\nOn the drive following the free kick, Bill Cranwell took the ball in from the six, capping a 12-play drive. After leading 16\u20137 at the half, the Techmen scored on another run by Wright, this one from the one. After NC State matched that score with a touchdown return on the ensuing kickoff, quarterback Dean gave the Gobblers their final tally from one-yard out. The Gobblers had taken the ball into NC State territory after an interception by Cranwell. They held on for the 30\u201321 win. VPI had 317 yards on the ground, and had a total of 19 first downs. Dickie Beard was 4-for-4 on extra point tries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 57], "content_span": [58, 657]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072143-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 VPI Gobblers football team, Game summaries, Wake Forest\nHowie Wright and Johnny Dean each accounted for two touchdowns as the Gobblers shut out Wake Forest in the sixth Tobacco Bowl played in Richmond, Virginia. Both of Wright's scores were over 60 yards, with the first coming on a 62-yard completion by Dean, and the second on a 64-yard jaunt off right tackle. Dean also had a one-yard score to begin the onslaught in the first quarter. The Tech defense was brutal against the Wake air attack, intercepting six passes, two of those by Wright, who plays in both the offensive and defensive backfields. Bill Cranwell and Billy Anderson also scored for the Techmen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 60], "content_span": [61, 669]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072143-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 VPI Gobblers football team, Game summaries, Clemson\nTech beat its third Atlantic Coast Conference team in three weeks when it ran up an 18\u20130 lead by halftime and held on for an 18\u20137 upset win over Clemson. Johnny Dean scored twice following a first period touchdown by Dickie Beard. Dean also had an interception. Beard had a total of 74 yards on 17 carriers. The win was the first for the Gobblers over Clemson in five tries stretching over 20 years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 56], "content_span": [57, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072143-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 VPI Gobblers football team, Game summaries, Richmond\nSixteenth-ranked Richmond Tech had to come from behind in the second quarter, and overcome the loss of its first string quarterback, to win against the Richmond Spiders. Johnny Dean, who had starred for the Gobblers in its first three wins, scored the game's first touchdown, but had to be taken from the field on a stretcher after breaking his ankle. Howie Wright was also injured and had to leave the game. It was the Gobblers' second win in Richmond City Stadium in three games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 57], "content_span": [58, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072143-0009-0000", "contents": "1954 VPI Gobblers football team, Game summaries, Virginia\nDickie Cranwell passed 20-yards to Grover Jones in the end zone to cap a 73-yard second period drive which accounted for all the scoring in the 6\u20130 rivalry win for 14th-ranked VPI over Virginia. The game was played at Victory Stadium in Roanoke. Cranwell, a sophomore, was starting his first game in place of quarterback Johnny Dean. Dickie Beard led the defense, intercepting three UVA passes. The game assured the Gobblers of an undefeated record against Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) teams. 1954 was Virginia's first season in the ACC, a very sore subject with the Hokies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 57], "content_span": [58, 635]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072143-0009-0001", "contents": "1954 VPI Gobblers football team, Game summaries, Virginia\nUVA, instead of Tech, had been the new conference's selection to bridge the gap between Maryland and the Carolinas. (At the time, Maryland's Terrapins were a national power, important for the prominence of the conference. So the league opted to become a four-state, instead of two-state league. However, it limited the size to eight schools). By the end of the season, the Gobblers made a satirical claim that it was in fact the ACC champion, since it had won as many games against conference teams as any other team in the conference. In reality, Tech did not beat Maryland, which finished as the actual conference champion with a 4\u20130 record. So its claim should have been it was co-champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 57], "content_span": [58, 751]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072143-0010-0000", "contents": "1954 VPI Gobblers football team, Game summaries, William & Mary\nVirginia Tech scored a late touchdown to escape with a 7\u20137 tie against William & Mary, enough to preserve ts undefeated status, but not enough to keep its hopes of a perfect season alive. The game was played before the largest crowd (16,000) to ever watch a game in Blacksburg. Billy Anderson scored from three yards out with just under four minutes remaining, and Dickie Beard was successful on the extra point kick to avoid completely ruining homecoming for the Tech faithful. William & Mary scored early in the game on a 55-yard run by the Tribe's Doug Henley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 63], "content_span": [64, 627]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072143-0010-0001", "contents": "1954 VPI Gobblers football team, Game summaries, William & Mary\nWhile Tech's offense was dominating, rolling up 314 yards on the ground, the team was unable to move the ball when it counted until the final drive. The Tech defense was also dominating aside from the one long run in the first quarter. Aside from the long touchdown, the Techmen only gave up another 36 yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 63], "content_span": [64, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072143-0011-0000", "contents": "1954 VPI Gobblers football team, Game summaries, George Washington\nTech jumped out to a 14\u20130 lead and held on against the George Washington in a game played on a Friday night at Griffith Stadium in Washington, D.C. The Hokies hit on six of seven passes and three of those completions were touchdowns. Dickie Cranwell threw two TDS, one to Grover Jones and one to Tom Petty. Billy Anderson threw a halfback pass to a wide-open Bob Luttrell for the third score.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 66], "content_span": [67, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072143-0012-0000", "contents": "1954 VPI Gobblers football team, Game summaries, Waynesburg\nWaynesburg gave Tech all it could handle in the first half before succumbing to the heavily favored Gobblers 20-6. Waynesburg, coming into Blacksburg with a five-game winning streak, struck first, scoring on the fifth play after Tech coughed up the ball on its own 26. The extra point failed, but the Yellow Jackets held on to the 6\u20130 lead until less than one minute to play in the first half. With 59 seconds left in the stanza, QB Billy Cranwell threw to Tom Petty for the score, and freshman Wayne Webster successfully kicked the extra point.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 59], "content_span": [60, 605]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072143-0012-0001", "contents": "1954 VPI Gobblers football team, Game summaries, Waynesburg\nIn the second half, Dickie Beard was part of both Tech touchdowns, throwing a halfback pass to Petty for one score, and returning an intercepted pass for a 79-yard touchdown to wrap things up. (Waynesburg was a lower-division program, eligible at the time to place its players on the \"Little All-America\" team, now composed of Division II, Division III and NAIA teams).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 59], "content_span": [60, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072143-0013-0000", "contents": "1954 VPI Gobblers football team, Game summaries, VMI\nIn what was referred to as the \"Military Clash of the South,\" the Gobblers turned on the burners after a slow first quarter to VMI, 46\u20139 in Roanoke's Victory Stadium in the traditional Thanksgiving Day tilt. VMI held a 2\u20130 lead, and was threatening to score an offensive score when the Techmen held at their six. Halfback Dickie Beard then threw his second pass of the season, and the second one resulting in a touchdown, when the Gobblers caught VMI off-guard on a 69-yard trick play that wound up in Tom Petty's hands.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 52], "content_span": [53, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072143-0013-0001", "contents": "1954 VPI Gobblers football team, Game summaries, VMI\nTech led 14\u20139 when Dick Ebert scored on a 12-yard run. Don Divers then scored the next two touchdowns for the Gobblers, both on intercepted pass returns, the first for 42 yards and the other for 67. Cranwell hit Petty for his fifth receiving score of the year, Beard ran for a touchdown. Bobby Scruggs ran for the final tally.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 52], "content_span": [53, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072143-0014-0000", "contents": "1954 VPI Gobblers football team, Players\nThe following players were members of the 1954 football team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 40], "content_span": [41, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072144-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Valdostan regional election\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Barlafus (talk | contribs) at 23:45, 8 April 2020 (\u2192\u200eResults). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072144-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Valdostan regional election\nThe Valdostan regional election of 1954 took place on 6 November 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072144-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Valdostan regional election\nThe Christian Democracy broke up with the Valdostan Union and it won this its centrist allies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072145-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Vanderbilt Commodores football team\nThe 1954 Vanderbilt Commodores football team represented Vanderbilt University during the 1954 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072146-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Venezuelan Primera Divisi\u00f3n season\nThe 1954 season of the Venezuelan Primera Divisi\u00f3n, the top category of Venezuelan football, was played by 6 teams. The national champions were Vasco.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072147-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Vermont Catamounts football team\nThe 1954 Vermont Catamounts football team was an American football team that represented  the University of Vermont in the Yankee Conference during the 1954 college football season. In their third year under head coach J. Edward Donnelly, the team compiled a 5\u20131\u20131 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072148-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Vermont gubernatorial election\nThe 1954 Vermont gubernatorial election took place on November 2, 1954. Incumbent Republican Lee E. Emerson did not run for re-election to a third term as Governor of Vermont. Republican candidate Joseph B. Johnson defeated Democratic candidate E. Frank Branon to succeed him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072149-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Villanova Wildcats football team\nThe 1954 Villanova Wildcats football team represented the Villanova University during the 1954 college football season. The head coach was Frank Reagan, coaching his first season with the Wildcats. The team played their home games at Villanova Stadium in Villanova, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072150-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Vincentian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines in 1954. The majority of seats were won by independents. Voter turnout was 59.8%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072151-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Virginia Cavaliers football team\nThe 1954 Virginia Cavaliers football team represented the University of Virginia during the 1954 college football season. The Cavaliers were led by second-year head coach Ned McDonald and played their home games at Scott Stadium in Charlottesville, Virginia. This was their first year competing in the Atlantic Coast Conference, which was in its second year of existence. Virginia failed to pick up its first ACC win, finishing 0\u20132 against conference opponents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072152-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Volta a Catalunya\nThe 1954 Volta a Catalunya was the 34th edition of the Volta a Catalunya cycle race and was held from 5 September to 12 September 1954. The race started in Montju\u00efc and finished in Barcelona. The race was won by Walter Serena.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072153-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 WANFL season\nThe 1954 WANFL season was the 70th season of the most prestigious Australian rules football state competition in Western Australia. Eight teams competed in the league, the same as the previous twelve seasons. The season began with the first home-and-away round played on Saturday, 24 April, and concluded with the 1954 WANFL Grand Final on Saturday, 9 October. South Fremantle defeated minor premiers East Fremantle by 78 points, marking the club's 8th premiership and third in succession.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072154-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team\nThe 1954 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team was an American football team that represented Wake Forest University during the 1954 college football season. In their fourth season under head coach Tom Rogers, the Demon Deacons compiled a 3\u20136\u20131 record and finished in sixth place in the Atlantic Coast Conference with a 1\u20134\u20131 record against conference opponents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072154-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team\nEnd Ed Stowers and tackle Bob Bartholomew were selected by the Associated Press as first-team players on the 1954 All-Atlantic Coast Conference football team. Bartholomew was the only unanimous selection by all 43 voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072155-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Wakefield by-election\nThe 1954 Wakefield by-election was held on 21 October 1954 after the death of the incumbent Labour MP, Arthur Greenwood. It was retained by the Labour candidate Arthur Creech Jones.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072155-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Wakefield by-election\nThe Conservative candidate, Maurice Macmillan, was the son of then-Minister of Defence and future Prime Minister Harold Macmillan. He would subsequently be a Cabinet Minister himself.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072156-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Washington Huskies football team\nThe 1954 Washington Huskies football team was an American football team that represented the University of Washington during the 1954 college football season. In its second season under head coach John Cherberg, the team compiled a 2\u20138 record, finished in a tie for last place in the Pacific Coast Conference, and was outscored by its opponents 215\u00a0to\u00a078. Stewart Crook was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072156-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Washington Huskies football team, NFL Draft selections\nOne University of Washington Husky was selected in the 1955 NFL Draft, which lasted thirty rounds with 360 selections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 59], "content_span": [60, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072157-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Washington Redskins season\nThe 1954 Washington Redskins season was the franchise's 23rd season in the National Football League (NFL) and their 17th in Washington, D.C. The team failed to improve on their 6\u20135\u20131 record from 1953. The Redskins sent defensive back Don Paul to the Cleveland Browns. The Redskins acquired Paul from the Chicago Cardinals. Upon his arrival in Washington, he fell in displeasure with George Preston Marshall of the Redskins.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072157-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Washington Redskins season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 42], "content_span": [43, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072158-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Washington Senators season\nThe 1954 Washington Senators won 66 games, lost 88, and finished in sixth place in the American League. They were managed by Bucky Harris and played home games at Griffith Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072158-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Washington Senators season, Regular season\nDuring the season, Carlos Paula became the first black player in the history of the Senators.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 47], "content_span": [48, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072158-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 76], "content_span": [77, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072158-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 69], "content_span": [70, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072158-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 74], "content_span": [75, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072158-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072158-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 72], "content_span": [73, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072159-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Washington State Cougars football team\nThe 1954 Washington State Cougars football team was an American football team that represented Washington State College during the 1954 college football season. Led by third-year head coach Al Kircher, the team was 4\u20136 overall and 3\u20134 in the Pacific Coast Conference. Three home games were played on campus in Pullman at Rogers Field, with one in Spokane in late September.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072159-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Washington State Cougars football team\nThe Cougars defeated rival Washington for the second straight year, but were shut out at home by neighbor Idaho in the Battle of the Palouse, which was the Vandals' first win in the series in 29\u00a0years, since their three-peat in\u00a01925.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072159-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Washington State Cougars football team\nThe Washington rivalry game (now the Apple Cup) was held in Pullman for the first time since 1948 and was the last until 1982; all three were Cougar victories. Of\u00a0the fifteen games played in Spokane from 1950 through 1980, Washington State won only three (1958, 1968, 1972), while winning five times in Seattle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072159-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Washington State Cougars football team, NFL Draft\nFour Cougars were selected in the 1955 NFL Draft, which was thirty rounds (360 selections).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 54], "content_span": [55, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072160-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1954 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship was the 54th staging of the Waterford Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Waterford County Board in 1897.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072160-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship\nOn 31 October 1953, Mount Sion won the championship after a 3-14 to 5-02 defeat of Erin's Own in the final. This was their 10th championship title overall and their second title in succession.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072161-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 West Berlin state election\nThe election to the Berlin House of Representatives occurred on December 5, 1954, alongside elections to the twelve borough assemblies of Berlin. The SPD nominated Otto Suhr as their leading candidate the CDU nominated the incumbent mayor since October 1953, Walther Schreiber.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072161-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 West Berlin state election\nAlthough the opposition SPD lost 0.1 percentage points, it narrowly increased its presence in parliament and obtaining a majority of deputies. The CDU also increased its share of the vote by 5.7 percentage point, increasing there number of deputies by 10, these gains by the CDU were offset by a collapse in support for the FDP, which lost 10.2 percentage points and 13 deputies. The German party narrowly failed to cross the 5% electoral threshold winning 4.9% of the vote, around 2,500 votes shy of making it into the parliament. For the first time since the splitting of the city administration into east and west the SED competed in West Berlin, the party was unable to make any electoral impact however, winning just 2.7% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 771]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072161-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 West Berlin state election\nWhile the SPD did win an outright majority, they agreed to enter into a coalition with the CDU because of the tense political situation in Berlin at the time. On January 11, 1955, Suhr was elected as West Berlin's new mayor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072162-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 West German presidential election\nAn indirect presidential election (officially the 2nd Federal Convention) was held in West Germany on 17 July 1954. The government parties and the opposition SPD renominated incumbent Theodor Heuss. Against his wishes, the Communist Party of Germany nominated Alfred Weber. Heuss was reelected on the first ballot with about 85% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072162-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 West German presidential election, Composition of the Federal Convention\nThe President is elected by the Federal Convention consisting of all the members of the Bundestag and an equal number of delegates representing the states. These are divided proportionally by population to each state, and each state's delegation is divided among the political parties represented in its parliament so as to reflect the partisan proportions in the parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 77], "content_span": [78, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072162-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 West German presidential election, Composition of the Federal Convention\nSource: Eine Dokumentation aus Anlass der Wahl des Bundespr\u00e4sidenten am 18. M\u00e4rz 2012", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 77], "content_span": [78, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072162-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 West German presidential election, Results\nNote:1. In addition to the two formally nominated candidates President of the Reich Karl D\u00f6nitz, Prince Louis Ferdinand of Prussia, Marie Elisabeth L\u00fcders, Prince Ernest Augustus of Hanover, Franz-Josef Wuermeling, and Chancellor Konrad Adenauer received one vote each.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 47], "content_span": [48, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072163-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 West Virginia Mountaineers football team\nThe 1954 West Virginia Mountaineers football team completed the regular season with an 8\u20131 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072164-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Western Michigan Broncos football team\nThe 1954 Western Michigan Broncos football team represented Western Michigan College of Education (later renamed Western Michigan University) in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1954 college football season. In their second season under head coach Jack Petoskey, the Broncos compiled a 4\u20135 record (3\u20134 against MAC opponents), finished in fifth place in the MAC, and were outscored by their opponents, 186 to 136. The team played its home games at Waldo Stadium in Kalamazoo, Michigan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072164-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Western Michigan Broncos football team\nTackle Les Koster was the team captain. Offensive tackle Jack Kelder received the team's most outstanding player award.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072165-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Western Reserve Red Cats football team\nThe 1954 Western Reserve Red Cats football team represented the Western Reserve University in the American city of Cleveland, Ohio, now known as Case Western Reserve University, during the 1954 college football season. The Red Cats were a member of the Mid-American Conference (MAC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072165-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Western Reserve Red Cats football team\nThe team was coached by Edward L. Finnigan and a notable player was captain fullback Gordon McCarter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072166-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Western Samoan general election\nGeneral elections were held in Western Samoa on 13 April 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072166-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Western Samoan general election, Electoral system\nThe 26-member Legislative Assembly consisted of the Administrator, six civil servants, twelve Samoans appointed by the Fono of Faipule, two Fautua (Samoan chiefs) and five members directly elected by people with European status, most of whom were part-Samoan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 54], "content_span": [55, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072166-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Western Samoan general election, Results, Samoan members\nTwo candidates for the Atua seat, Tuatagaloa Leutele Te'o and Fonoti Ioane received the same number of votes. It was decided that as the incumbent Te'o should remain the representative for the constituency, whilst Ioane would be made the twelfth, non-constituency member.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 61], "content_span": [62, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072166-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Western Samoan general election, Aftermath\nIn 1956 the Executive Council was reorganised and a Member System introduced. To'omata Lilomaiava Tua was appointed Member for Agriculture, Tuatagaloa Leutele Te'o as Member for Education, Fonoti Ioane as Member for Health, Tualaulelei Mauri as Member for Lands, Peter Plowman as Member for Transport and Communications, and Harry Moors as Member for Works.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 47], "content_span": [48, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072167-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Wichita Shockers football team\nThe 1954 Wichita Shockers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Wichita (now known as Wichita State University) as a member of the Missouri Valley Conference during the 1954 college football season. In its second and final season under head coach Jack Mitchell, the team compiled a 9\u20131 record (4\u20130 against MVC opponents), won the MVC championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 325 to 86. The team played its home games at Veterans Field, now known as Cessna Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 552]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072168-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Wightman Cup\nThe 1954 Wightman Cup was the 26th edition of the annual competition between the United States and Great Britain. It was held at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in London in England in the United Kingdom.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072169-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Wilkes County 160\nThe 1954 Wilkes County 160 was a NASCAR Grand National Series event held on April 4, 1954, at North Wilkesboro Speedway in North Wilkesboro, North Carolina. Until the 1957 running of the Wilkes 160, North Wilkesboro Speedway was a dirt oval track.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072169-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Wilkes County 160, Background\nNorth Wilkesboro carried a reputation as one of the fastest short-tracks in auto racing in the late 1940s and 1950s. In 1950, speeds reached 73\u00a0mph at the track, compared to the next fastest short-track, Charlotte Speedway, where top speeds only reached 66\u00a0mph. Most of the fans in the early years of the sport saw the track as notorious for being a great venue to watch races between the legendary racers of the time. Racing at North Wilkesboro was intense and physical.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072169-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Wilkes County 160, Background\nThe 1950 Wilkes 200 was the second Grand National Series race held at North Wilkesboro Speedway. Twenty-six cars entered the race. Twenty-one-year-old Fireball Roberts qualified with a lap speed of 73.266\u00a0mph on the dirt track for his first ever Grand National pole, but engine problems dropped him out of the running. Fonty Flock started in the third position and led the most laps in the race with 104, but engine troubles also ended his day. Ultimately, Leon Sales led eight of the 200 laps to become the victor,  the fourth NASCAR driver to win an event in his debut race. Jack Smith finished second after leading 55 laps in the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 673]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072169-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Wilkes County 160, Background\nAfter hosting only one NASCAR event in 1949 and one in 1950, the track began running two Grand National Series events per year in 1951 (with the exception of 1956, when only one race was held; the track was being prepared for pavement). One race was held in the spring, normally in late March or early April, and another was held in the fall, normally in late September or early October. In 1957, owner Enoch Stanley had the 5/8-mile track paved.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072169-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Wilkes County 160, Background\nThe Wilkes 200 in 1952 turned into a battle between brothers. Two sets of brothers competed in the race, and they took the top four spots at the finish. The Flock Brothers (Fonty Flock and Tim Flock) were strong, but the Thomas brothers (Herb Thomas and Donald Thomas) had the better outcome. Herb Thomas, driving his 1952 \"Fabulous\" Hudson Hornet, won the pole, led 192 of the 200 laps, and grabbed the victory. Fonty Flock led the first eight laps and finished the race second. Donald Thomas, also in a 1952 \"Fabulous\" Hudson Hornet, finished third, and Tim Flock finished fourth. Eleven of the 27 cars entered in the race finished. Six of the top nine positions were driving Hudson Hornets.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 728]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072169-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Wilkes County 160, Background\nHerb Thomas started on the pole for the 1953 Wilkes 200 with his record-setting qualifying speed of 78.424\u00a0mph on the dirt surface. Outside pole sitter Tim Flock led the first 100 laps before experiencing engine problems. Curtis Turner took the lead on Lap 101 and continued the lead until his car also succumbed to engine troubles nine laps later. Thomas in his Number 92 Hudson Hornet only lead 18 laps in the race but ended the race by taking his third consecutive win at North Wilkesboro. Starting from the third spot, Dick Rathmann led 70 laps and finished behind Herb Thomas. Fonty Flock managed to work his way up from the fourth starting position to the front and led three laps before dropping back and finishing third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 763]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072169-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 Wilkes County 160, Background\nPole sitter Buck Baker ran 78.288\u00a0mph to gap the pole for the 1953 Wilkes 160. Baker ran strong and led the most laps in the race with 80 out front before falling back into the sixth-place position at the finish. Speedy Thompson led 25 laps, and Fonty Flock led 37. Curtis Turner led a total of 18 laps. At the end of the race, Thompson finished two laps ahead of second-place Flock. Thompson's win ended Herb Thomas and his Hudson Hornet's three-race winning streak at North Wilkesboro.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 522]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072169-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 Wilkes County 160, Race report\nIt took one hour and twenty-seven minutes for the race to reach its full conclusion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 35], "content_span": [36, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072169-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 Wilkes County 160, Race report\nDick Rathmann would acquire a significant victory over Herb Thomas by a margin of twenty seconds in front of five thousand and five hundred people. All 24 drivers that were involved in this racing event were born in the United States; no foreigners attempted to qualify for this event. Dick Rathman had overlapped the entire field at one time; making it sufficient for the veteran speedster to wheel his 1954 Hudson around the course on the final two laps with a flat tire to beat out Herb Thomas. The weather was freezing and cloudy skies were everywhere.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 35], "content_span": [36, 592]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072169-0009-0000", "contents": "1954 Wilkes County 160, Race report\nGober Sosebee lost a wheel on the 114th lap and was forced to the pits. It was a wheel from Sosebee's car that almost cost Rathman the race. After returning to the battle, Sosebee was again moving back into the contest when another wheel snapped and landed in the middle of the track. Rathman's car clipped the wheel, blowing out his left front tire and almost wrecking the leader.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 35], "content_span": [36, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072169-0009-0001", "contents": "1954 Wilkes County 160, Race report\nArden Mounts lost a wheel and smashed the fence in turn 1 on lap 44 and two laps later Ted Rambo, driving in eight place at the time, blew a tire and went through the fence on the Turn 1 near the same spot of Mounts. The race was held up to put out a fire in Rambo's car. The second and final caution came on 137 th lap when Bud Harless, blew a tire and flipped over the bank on the third turn. Rambo and Harless escaped without injury.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 35], "content_span": [36, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072169-0010-0000", "contents": "1954 Wilkes County 160, Race report\nNotable speeds were: 68.454 miles per hour (110.166\u00a0km/h) as the average speed and 78.698 miles per hour (126.652\u00a0km/h) as the pole position speed. John Ditz would win his first race as an owner during this event; a diverse range of automobile manufacturers would enjoy starting positions within the relatively unregulated NASCAR atmosphere of the mid-1950s. Monetary winnings for each driver ranged from a then-incredible amount of $1,000 ($9,520.45 when considering inflation) to a meager $25 ($238.01 when considering inflation).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 35], "content_span": [36, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072169-0011-0000", "contents": "1954 Wilkes County 160, Race report\nTotal winnings for this race were $3,825 ($36,415.71 when considering inflation).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 35], "content_span": [36, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072169-0012-0000", "contents": "1954 Wilkes County 160, Race report\nNotable crew chiefs who participated fully in the race were Stuart Nelson, Lee Petty, and John Carozza.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 35], "content_span": [36, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072169-0013-0000", "contents": "1954 Wilkes County 160, Race report\nThis race was also notable for being held the week before April 11, 1954; which has been analyzed by a computer search engine as being the least interesting day in the 20th century. Rock and Roll Music was \"invented\" at a New York City recording studio on April 12 (Monday) when Bill Haley & His Comets would record the incredibly famous song Rock Around the Clock.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 35], "content_span": [36, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072169-0014-0000", "contents": "1954 Wilkes County 160, Race report\nRock Around the Clock quickly became a number one single on both the US and UK charts and also re-entered the UK Singles Chart in the 1960s and 1970s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 35], "content_span": [36, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072169-0015-0000", "contents": "1954 Wilkes County 160, Race report\nNo NASCAR Cup Series races were held on Sunday, April 11, 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 35], "content_span": [36, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072170-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 William & Mary Indians football team\nThe 1954 William & Mary Indians football team represented William & Mary during the 1954 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072171-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Wimbledon Championships\nThe 1954 Wimbledon Championships took place on the outdoor grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in Wimbledon, London, United Kingdom. The tournament was held from Monday 21 June until Saturday 3 July 1954. It was the 68th staging of the Wimbledon Championships, and the third Grand Slam tennis event of 1954. Jaroslav Drobn\u00fd and Maureen Connolly won the singles titles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072171-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Wimbledon Championships, Finals, Seniors, Men's Doubles\nRex Hartwig /  Mervyn Rose defeated  Vic Seixas /  Tony Trabert, 6\u20134, 6\u20134, 3\u20136, 6\u20134", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 60], "content_span": [61, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072171-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Wimbledon Championships, Finals, Seniors, Women's Doubles\nLouise Brough /  Margaret duPont defeated  Shirley Fry /  Doris Hart, 4\u20136, 9\u20137, 6\u20133", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 62], "content_span": [63, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072171-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Wimbledon Championships, Finals, Seniors, Mixed Doubles\nVic Seixas /  Doris Hart defeated  Ken Rosewall /  Margaret duPont, 5\u20137, 6\u20134, 6\u20133", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 60], "content_span": [61, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072172-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Boys' Singles\nRamanathan Krishnan defeated Ashley Cooper in the final, 6\u20132, 7\u20135 to win the Boys' Singles tennis title at the 1954 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072173-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Girls' Singles\nValerie Pitt defeated Colette Monnot in the final, 5\u20137, 6\u20133, 6\u20132 to win the Girls' Singles tennis title at the 1954 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072174-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Doubles\nLew Hoad and Ken Rosewall were the defending champions, but lost in the semifinals to Vic Seixas and Tony Trabert.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072174-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Doubles\nRex Hartwig and Mervyn Rose defeated Seixas and Trabert in the final, 6\u20134, 6\u20134, 3\u20136, 6\u20134 to win the Gentlemen' Doubles tennis title at the 1954 Wimbledon Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072174-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Doubles, Seeds\nClick on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072175-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nIn the 1954 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Gentlemen's Singles competition, Jaroslav Drobn\u00fd defeated Ken Rosewall in the final, 13\u201311, 4\u20136, 6\u20132, 9\u20137 to take the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title. It was Drobn\u00fd's third singles final and second win at Wimbledon. Vic Seixas was the defending champion, but lost in the quarterfinals to Budge Patty.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072175-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nIt was the first of 19-year-old Rosewall's Wimbledon singles finals, all of which he lost. This resulted in Rosewall being considered by many to be the greatest player never to win Wimbledon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072175-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Singles, Progress of the competition\nJaroslav Drobn\u00fd, who was 32 at the time of the competition, was Czech-born but was said to play \"like an Englishman\". Drobn\u00fd was extremely popular with British tennis fans, and no British player had made it to the 1954 quarterfinals, the longest-surviving home player in the men's singles being 18-year-old Mike Davies, who was knocked out in the fourth round by Budge Patty. The Daily Herald reported that nearly everyone wanted to see Drobn\u00fd win the title. No unseeded players made it to the quarterfinals, the stage at which second-seeded Lew Hoad was knocked out in straight sets by Drobn\u00fd. Top seed Tony Trabert was defeated in the semifinal by Rosewall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 73], "content_span": [74, 733]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072175-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Singles, Seeds\nClick on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072176-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Mixed Doubles\nVic Seixas and Doris Hart successfully defended their title, defeating Ken Rosewall and Margaret duPont in the final, 5\u20137, 6\u20134, 6\u20133 to win the Mixed Doubles tennis title at the 1954 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072176-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Mixed Doubles, Seeds\nClick on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072177-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Women's Doubles\nLouise Brough and Margaret duPont defeated the defending champions Shirley Fry and Doris Hart in the final, 4\u20136, 9\u20137, 6\u20133 to win the Ladies' Doubles tennis title at the 1954 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072177-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Women's Doubles, Seeds\nClick on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 53], "content_span": [54, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072178-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Women's Singles\nMaureen Connolly successfully defended her title, defeating Louise Brough in the final, 6\u20132, 7\u20135 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1954 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072178-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Women's Singles, Seeds\nClick on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 53], "content_span": [54, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072179-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Wisconsin Badgers football team\nThe 1954 Wisconsin Badgers football team represented the University of Wisconsin in the 1954 Big Ten Conference football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072179-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Wisconsin Badgers football team, Season\nSenior Alan Ameche earned All-America honors, was named the Big 10 Player of the Year, and was the recipient of the 1954 Heisman Trophy, becoming the first Badger to win the award. He played linebacker on defense along with fullback on offense, since American football was single platoon during his college career. In four years as a Badger, he gained 3,212 yards, then the NCAA record, scored 25 touchdowns, and averaged 4.8 yards per carry.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 44], "content_span": [45, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072180-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Wisconsin gubernatorial election\nThe 1954 Wisconsin gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072180-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Wisconsin gubernatorial election\nIncumbent Republican Governor Walter J. Kohler Jr. defeated Democratic nominee William Proxmire in a rematch of the 1952 election with 51.45% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072181-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Wis\u0142a Krak\u00f3w season\nThe 1954 season was Wis\u0142a Krak\u00f3w's 46th year as a club. Wis\u0142a was under the name of Gwardia Krak\u00f3w.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072182-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Women's British Open Squash Championship\nThe 1954 Ladies Open Championships was held at the Lansdowne Club in London from 15\u201321 February 1954. Janet Morgan won her fifth consecutive title defeating Sheila Speight in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072182-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Women's British Open Squash Championship, Seeds\nMarjorie Townsend  M E Gowthorpe  Alice Teague  Ruth Turner  Rachel Byrne  Rosemary Walsh", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 52], "content_span": [53, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072183-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Women's Western Open\nThe 1954 Women's Western Open was a golf competition held at Glen Flora Country Club in Waukegan, Illinois, which was the 25th edition of the event. Betty Jameson won the championship in match play competition by defeating Louise Suggs in the final match, 6 and 5.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072184-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships\nThe 13th Artistic Gymnastics World Championships were held in Rome, the capital of Italy, on June 28 - July 1, 1954. It was the first World Championships at which the Soviet Union competed, winning 20 medals overall (more than three times the amount of any other country). Other major changes at this championships included:  1) it was the first world championships at which a Code of Points was used; and 2) it was the last world championships that would be held \"in open air\" (outdoors).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 534]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072185-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 World Fencing Championships\nThe 1954 World Fencing Championships were held in Luxembourg City, in southern Luxembourg.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072186-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 World Figure Skating Championships\nThe World Figure Skating Championships is an annual figure skating competition sanctioned by the International Skating Union in which figure skaters compete for the title of World Champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072186-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 World Figure Skating Championships\nThe 1954 competitions for men, ladies, pair skating, and ice dancing took place from February 16 to 19 in Oslo, Norway.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072187-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 World Men's Handball Championship\nThe 1954 World Men's Handball Championship was the second team handball World Championship. It was held in Sweden from 13\u201317 January 1954, and the hosts also won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072188-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 World Professional Match-play Championship\nThe 1954 World Professional Match-play Championship was a professional snooker tournament 5 October 1953 to 6 March 1954. The final was held at Houldsworth Hall in Manchester, England. Fred Davis won his sixth World Snooker Championship title by defeating Walter Donaldson by 45 frames to 26 in the final after securing a winning lead at 36\u201315. Donaldson compiled a break of 121, the highest of the tournament, on the last day of the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072188-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 World Professional Match-play Championship\nThere were nine entrants. Rex Williams and Harry Stokes were scheduled to play a preliminary match, with the winner joining the other seven players in the main draw, but Williams retired from the match due to illness. Defending champion Davis defeated Stokes and then John Pulman, to face Donaldson for the eighth consecutive world final. Donaldson had eliminated Kingsley Kennerley and Alec Brown to reach the final. During the final, Donaldson announced his retirement from future world championship events.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072188-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 World Professional Match-play Championship, Background\nThe World Snooker Championship is a professional tournament and the official world championship of the game of snooker. The sport was developed in the late 19th century by British Army soldiers stationed in India. Professional English billiards player and billiard hall manager Joe Davis noticed the increasing popularity of snooker compared to billiards in the 1920s, and with Birmingham-based billiards equipment manager Bill Camkin, persuaded the Billiards Association and Control Council (BACC) to recognise an official professional snooker championship in the 1926\u201327 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 59], "content_span": [60, 640]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072188-0002-0001", "contents": "1954 World Professional Match-play Championship, Background\nIn 1927, the final of the first professional snooker championship was held at Camkin's Hall; Davis won the tournament by beating Tom Dennis in the final. The annual competition was not titled the World Championship until 1935, but the 1927 tournament is now referred to as the first World Snooker Championship. Davis also won the title each year until 1940, when the contest was cancelled during World War II, and again when the championship resumed in 1946, accumulating a total of 15 titles before retiring from the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 59], "content_span": [60, 584]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072188-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 World Professional Match-play Championship, Background\nIn 1952, the World Professional Match-play Championship was created following a dispute between the Professional Billiards Players' Association (PBPA) and the BACC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 59], "content_span": [60, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072188-0003-0001", "contents": "1954 World Professional Match-play Championship, Background\nIn response to player complaints that the BACC was taking too large a percentage of income from the tournament, the BACC claimed that the championship \"has always been, and in theory is to be, regarded as an affair of honour and a test of merit\", and that \"every effort is made to arrange terms advantageous to the professionals competing in the championship, compatible with securing an equitable return for the promoters of it, the B.A.& C.C.\" The PBPA members established an alternative competition which became known as the World Professional Match-play Championship, now recognised as world championships. Fred Davis had won the world championship in 1948, 1949 and 1951, and the two previous editions of the World Professional Match-play Championship, in 1952 and 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 59], "content_span": [60, 835]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072188-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 World Professional Match-play Championship, Background\nThere were nine entrants for the 1954 World Professional Match-play Championship, with Rex Williams and Harry Stokes scheduled to play a qualifying match, the winner of which would join the other seven players in the main draw. Main competition matches were over 61 frames, except the final which was over 71 frames.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 59], "content_span": [60, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072188-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 World Professional Match-play Championship, Summary, Quarter-finals\nAlec Brown and John Barrie met in the first quarter-final match at the Feathers Hotel in Ealing, London, from 9 to 12 November 1953. Brown took a 10\u20138 lead after the first day and led 18\u201312 after two days and 26\u201322 after three days. The highest break of the match was 83, compiled by Brown. Brown won with a final score of 35\u201326.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 72], "content_span": [73, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072188-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 World Professional Match-play Championship, Summary, Quarter-finals\nFrom 16 to 20 November, Fred Davis played Harry Stokes in the second quarter-final in Middlesbrough. Davis had a 9\u20133 lead after the first day, and increased this to 18\u20136 on the second day. He led 29\u20137 after three days, having compiled a break of 109 in the day's second frame. Davis took a winning 38\u201310 lead after four days and eventually won 45\u201315.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 72], "content_span": [73, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072188-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 World Professional Match-play Championship, Summary, Quarter-finals\nWalter Donaldson and Kingsley Kennerley faced each other in the third quarter-final in Jersey from 1 to 5 December. Donaldson led 30\u201318 after four days, needing just one more frame on the final day, and eventually won 36\u201325.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 72], "content_span": [73, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072188-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 World Professional Match-play Championship, Summary, Quarter-finals\nJohn Pulman and Jackie Rea met in Belfast from 7 to 11 December, at the RAOB hall in Belfast, in the last quarter-final. It was closest of the four quarter-finals and was level at 24 frames at the start of the final day. Rea won four of the six frames on the final afternoon but Pulman won five of the first six frames in the evening to win 31\u201329.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 72], "content_span": [73, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072188-0009-0000", "contents": "1954 World Professional Match-play Championship, Summary, Semi-finals\nBoth semi-finals were played from 18 to 23 January 1954. Fred Davis and John Pulman met in Bolton. Pulman led 20\u201316 after three days but Davis won 9 of the 12 frames on the fourth day to lead 25\u201323. Davis won 7 of the 13 frames on the final day to win 32\u201329.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 69], "content_span": [70, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072188-0010-0000", "contents": "1954 World Professional Match-play Championship, Summary, Semi-finals\nDonaldson and Alec Brown played their semi-final at Carlton Barracks in Leeds. At the end of the afternoon session on the second day, Brown led 10\u20135. Donaldson then dominated and led 29\u201321 after day five, including a break of 108. The final score was 36\u201325.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 69], "content_span": [70, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072188-0011-0000", "contents": "1954 World Professional Match-play Championship, Summary, Final\nFred Davis and Walter Donaldson met in their eighth successive final, which was held from 1 to 6 March at Houldsworth Hall, Manchester. Davis took a 5\u20131 lead in the first session, and won the second session by the same margin to finish the first day 10\u20132 ahead. The pair each won three frames in the third session, and Davis claimed four of the six evening frames for a ten-frame lead at 17\u20137., extending this to a 14 frame advantage, 25\u201311, the following day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 63], "content_span": [64, 524]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072188-0011-0001", "contents": "1954 World Professional Match-play Championship, Summary, Final\nDonaldson reduced his arrears slightly by winning four of the six frames in the early session on 4 March, but trailed 15\u201333 by the day's close. Davis secured the victory by winning the first three frames on the fifth day to lead 36\u201315. The final score was 45\u201326, with Donaldson making a break of 121, the highest of the tournament, on the final day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 63], "content_span": [64, 413]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072188-0012-0000", "contents": "1954 World Professional Match-play Championship, Summary, Final\nIt was the most one-sided of their finals. Even before losing the match, Donaldson said that he would not enter the world championship again, saying he could not give enough time to the practice he felt was necessary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 63], "content_span": [64, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072188-0013-0000", "contents": "1954 World Professional Match-play Championship, Main draw\nThe results for the tournament are shown below. Players in bold are match winners.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 58], "content_span": [59, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072188-0014-0000", "contents": "1954 World Professional Match-play Championship, Qualifying\nHarry Stokes and Rex Williams played a 31-frame qualifying match in Edinburgh, planned for 5 to 7 October 1953. Williams led 3\u20132 after the first session. He was then ill and the match was abandoned, to be rearranged for a later date. The match was, however, later cancelled and Stokes advanced to the main draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 59], "content_span": [60, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072189-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 World Series\nThe 1954 World Series matched the National League champion New York Giants against the American League champion Cleveland Indians. The Giants swept the Series in four games to win their first championship since 1933, defeating the heavily favored Indians, who had won an AL-record 111 games in the 154-game regular season (a record since broken by the 1998 New York Yankees with 114 and again by the 2001 Seattle Mariners with 116, tying the 1906 Chicago Cubs for the most wins in a season).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072189-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 World Series\n\"The Catch\" occurred during Game\u00a01 of this series, when Giants center fielder Willie Mays snared a long drive by Vic Wertz near the outfield wall with his back to the infield. Utility player Dusty Rhodes had clutch hits in three of the four games, including a pinch-hit walk-off that won Game 1, barely clearing the 258-foot (79\u00a0m) right-field fence at the Polo Grounds. Giants manager Leo Durocher, who had managed teams to three National League championships, won his only World Series title as a manager. The Giants, who moved west to San Francisco in 1958, did not win another World Series until 2010.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 623]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072189-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 World Series\nThis was the first time that the Indians had been swept in a World Series and the first time that the Giants had swept an opponent in four games (their 1922 sweep included a controversial tie game). Game\u00a02 was the last World Series and playoff game at the Polo Grounds, and Game\u00a04 was the last World Series and playoff game at Cleveland Stadium. The Indians' next World Series was in 1995, a year after Jacobs Field opened.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072189-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 World Series\nThe National Football League game between the Cleveland Browns and Detroit Lions, scheduled for October 3 at Cleveland Stadium, was postponed to December 19.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072189-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 World Series\nThis was the first World Series since 1948 to not feature the Yankees.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072189-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 World Series, Background\nThe Indians, by winning the American League pennant, kept the Yankees from having a chance to win their sixth straight series. The last time the Yankees had been absent from the World Series was 1948, when the Indians defeated the Boston Braves to win the championship. This was also the only World Series from 1949 to 1958 in which the Yankees did not participate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072189-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 World Series, Background\nThe Indians easily won the 1954 pennant on the strength of the American League's top pitching staff, leading the AL in team earned run average at 2.72 and complete games with 77. Pitchers Early Wynn (23\u201311, 2.73 earned run average) and Bob Lemon (23\u20137, 2.72 earned run average) were in top form, with solid contributions from Mike Garcia (19\u20138, 2.64) and Art Houtterman (15\u20137, 3.35). Bob Feller, at age 35, could make only 19 starts, and finished at 13\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072189-0006-0001", "contents": "1954 World Series, Background\nCleveland also had potent hitting, leading the AL in home runs (156) and finishing second in runs scored (746), although the team managed just 30 stolen bases in 63 attempts. Bobby \u00c1vila led the offense with 112 runs and a .341 batting average, while Larry Doby (.272 batting average, 32 home runs, 126 runs batted in) and Al Rosen (.300 batting average, 24 home runs, 102 runs batted in) provided the power. Catcher Jim Hegan made only four errors in 134 games and threw out 44% of would-be base stealers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 536]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072189-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 World Series, Background\nThe Giants entered the World Series with a top-flight pitching staff as well, with Johnny Antonelli (21\u20137, 2.30 earned run average), Rub\u00e9n G\u00f3mez (17\u20139, 2.88) and 37-year-old Sal \"The Barber\" Maglie (14\u20136, 3.26). The Giants relied more heavily on relief pitching with Hoyt Wilhelm (12\u20137, 2.10, 7 saves) and Marv Grissom (10\u20137, 2.35, 19 saves) rounding out a staff that led the NL in team earned run average at 3.09 and shutouts with 17. Manager Leo Durocher used a solid, consistent lineup with all of his starters, except for the catching position, playing in at least 135 games. Willie Mays (.345 batting average, 41 home runs, 110 runs batted in) led an offense that also featured Don Mueller (.342 batting average), Alvin Dark (.293 batting average, 98 runs), Hank Thompson (26 home runs, 86 runs batted in) and pinch-hitter extraordinaire Dusty Rhodes (.341 batting average).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 909]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072189-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 World Series, Summary\nNL New York Giants (4) vs. AL Cleveland Indians (0)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 26], "content_span": [27, 78]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072189-0009-0000", "contents": "1954 World Series, Matchups, Game 1\nCleveland got on the board right away against Sal Maglie. Leadoff man Al Smith was hit by a pitch, Bobby \u00c1vila singled and Vic Wertz brought home both with a triple to right. Don Liddle and Marv Grissom held them scoreless for the rest of the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072189-0010-0000", "contents": "1954 World Series, Matchups, Game 1\nBob Lemon gave two back in the third on singles by Whitey Lockman and Alvin Dark, an run-scoring groundout by Don Mueller, a walk to Willie Mays and a Hank Thompson run-scoring single.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072189-0011-0000", "contents": "1954 World Series, Matchups, Game 1\nMays saved the day in the eighth after leadoff singles by Larry Doby and Al Rosen led to starting pitcher Maglie being lifted for Liddle. Wertz's drive to deep center field would have scored both if not for Mays' memorable catch.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072189-0012-0000", "contents": "1954 World Series, Matchups, Game 1\nWertz opened the 10th inning with another hard-hit ball in Mays\u2019 direction, which again would have required a great defensive play by the Giants' centerfielder but landed for a double. (Wertz thus ended his afternoon having gone 4-for-5 with three extra-base hits and batting in the Indians\u2019 two runs.) However, this potential 10th-inning rally was to no avail, as the Indians batted only 1-for-16 with runners in scoring position in the game, and went hitless (0-for-13) in such situations after Wertz\u2019s two-run triple in the first inning.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072189-0013-0000", "contents": "1954 World Series, Matchups, Game 1\nLemon went all the way for Cleveland, losing it in the 10th when Dusty Rhodes, pinch-hitting for Monte Irvin with two Giants on base, hit a walk-off home run.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072189-0014-0000", "contents": "1954 World Series, Matchups, Game 2\nOnce again, the visitors started quickly but could not hold their lead. Al Smith's leadoff home run off Johnny Antonelli put Cleveland up 1\u20130. Early Wynn preserved that lead, pitching four perfect innings, but in the fifth inning, Willie Mays walked and Hank Thompson singled, and Dusty Rhodes, again pinch-hitting for Monte Irvin, delivered an run-scoring single. Antonelli gave himself the go-ahead run by scoring Thompson on a groundout. New York had just four hits, but Rhodes padded the Giants' lead with a home run leading off the seventh. Their other hit came in the sixth inning on an Alvin Dark leadoff single. Antonelli walked six but struck out nine, pitching a complete game to give the Giants a 2\u20130 series lead. This was the last postseason game at the Polo Grounds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 815]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072189-0015-0000", "contents": "1954 World Series, Matchups, Game 3\nA huge crowd of 71,555 hoped to see Cleveland get its first win, but things did not go well for the home team. The Indians trailed 1\u20130 quickly when Whitey Lockman singled, took second on a groundout and scored on a hit by Willie Mays. The run was scored as unearned because of an error by shortstop George Strickland. With the bases loaded in the third, pinch hitter Dusty Rhodes hit a two-run single. An error by pitcher Mike Garcia on Davey Williams' bunt attempt gave the Giants another run to make it 4\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072189-0015-0001", "contents": "1954 World Series, Matchups, Game 3\nThe Giants added to their lead on run-scoring singles by Wes Westrum off of Art Houtteman in the fifth and by Mays off of Ray Narleski in the sixth. Ruben Gomez gave up just four hits and two runs (a Vic Wertz home run in the seventh and an error by shortstop Alvin Dark on a ground ball by Al Smith), with knuckleballer Hoyt Wilhelm mopping up for the save.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072189-0016-0000", "contents": "1954 World Series, Matchups, Game 4\nCleveland's slim comeback chances took a beating as the Indians fell hopelessly behind, 7\u20130. The scoring started on a pair of Cleveland errors in the second inning. An run-scoring double by Mays in the third scored another run. The Giants' four-run fifth inning broke the game wide open. Starter Bob Lemon loaded the bases and was pulled for Hal Newhouser, who faced just two batters, giving up a walk to Thompson and two-run single to Irvin. The Giants added another run in the inning on Wes Westrum's sacrifice fly against Ray Narleski.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 574]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072189-0016-0001", "contents": "1954 World Series, Matchups, Game 4\nA brief glimmer of hope for the home team came in the bottom of the fifth with a couple of Giants errors and a Hank Majeski three-run pinch-hit home run, but except for a meaningless run-scoring single by Rudy Regalado in the seventh off starter Don Liddle, the Indians got nothing more as Hoyt Wilhelm and Game 2 starter Johnny Antonelli came on in relief and the Giants completed a four-game sweep. It was the most unexpected sweep in World Series history, with the Indians having a better regular reason record by 14 games. The only other similar discrepancy in a World Series sweep was the 1990 Cincinnati Reds, who swept an Oakland A's team whose regular season record bested theirs by 12 games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 736]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072189-0017-0000", "contents": "1954 World Series, Composite box\n1954 World Series (4\u20130): New York Giants (N.L.) over Cleveland Indians (A.L.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 32], "content_span": [33, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072190-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 World Sportscar Championship\nThe 1954 World Sportscar Championship season was the second season of FIA World Sportscar Championship motor racing. It featured a series of six endurance races for sportscars, contested from 24 January to 23 November 1954. The championship was won by Ferrari.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072190-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 World Sportscar Championship, Season summary\nThe 1954 World Sports Car Championship was contested over a six race series. With legendary races such as the Mille Miglia and the Carrera Panamericana now part of the international race calendar, they were accompanied by the 24 Hours of Le Mans, 12 Hours of Sebring and the RAC Tourist Trophy. The championship started in January in Argentina with a new race to the calendar, the 1000 km Buenos Aires, but the 24 Hours of Spa was omitted. The 1000 km N\u00fcrburgring was originally scheduled for the 29th of August, however once it became clear that the Mercedes 300 SLRs would not be ready in time, the race was cancelled with organisers fearing another poor attendance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 49], "content_span": [50, 718]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072190-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 World Sportscar Championship, Season summary\nThe Championship remained as a competition for manufacturers, and works teams including Scuderia Ferrari, Lancia, Aston Martin and Jaguar lead the way. The majority of the fields were made up of amateur or gentlemen drivers in privately entered cars, often up against professional racing drivers with experience in Formula One.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 49], "content_span": [50, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072190-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 World Sportscar Championship, Season summary\nAll races included Sportscar classes defined according to engine displacement. The Millie Miglia also defined classes for Grand Touring and Special Touring cars and the Carrera Panamericana included additional Stock car and Touring car classes. Championship points were however only awarded for outright placings. Ferrari continued to be the dominant force in 1954, winning four of the six races, a result of Enzo Ferrari\u2019s determination to bring prestige to his marque. The other two races were also won by Italian marques, Lancia and O.S.C.A.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 49], "content_span": [50, 594]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072190-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 World Sportscar Championship, Season results, Results\nNote: The Tourist Trophy was awarded to the DB of Paul Armagnac and Gerard Laureau, which was the winner of the Dundrod race on handicap. World Championship points were awarded on the overall race results rather than the handicap results.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072190-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 World Sportscar Championship, Season results, Championship\nChampionship points were awarded for the first six places in each race in the order of 8-6-4-3-2-1. Manufacturers were only awarded points for their highest finishing car  with no points awarded for positions filled by additional cars. Only the best 4 results out of the 6 races could be retained by each manufacturer. Points earned but not counted towards the championship totals are listed within brackets in the table below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 63], "content_span": [64, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072190-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 World Sportscar Championship, The cars\nThe following models contributed to the nett championship pointscores of their respective manufacturers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072191-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 World Student Games\nThe 1954 World Student Games were an athletics competition held in Budapest, Hungary by the Union Internationale des \u00c9tudiants (UIE). It marked a one-off departure from the athletics event being linked to the biennial World Festival of Youth and Students.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072191-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 World Student Games\nThe level of competition was not as high as the previous, festival-associated event, but still featured winning performances from four 1954 European champions: Lajos Szentg\u00e1li (800 metres), Anatoliy Yulin (400 metres hurdles), \u00d6d\u00f6n F\u00f6ldessy (long jump), and Janusz Sid\u0142o (javelin throw). Javelin thrower F\u00f6ldessy was the only man to retain his world student title and in the women's section Christa Stubnick repeated her sprint double (the only female repeat victor).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072191-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 World Student Games\nThe women's events featured less established talents, though many winners in Budapest went on to greater success. Lyudmila Lisenko, Iolanda Bala\u0219 and Vera Krepkina eventually became Olympic champions at the 1960 Rome Olympics, while Christa Stubnick, Gisela K\u00f6hler and Irina Beglyakova were all runners-up at the 1956 Melbourne Olympics. Discus bronze medallist Lia Manoliu grew to become Olympic champion fourteen years later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072192-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 World Table Tennis Championships\nThe 1954 World Table Tennis Championships were held in Wembley from April 5 to April 14, 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072193-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Doubles\nThe 1954 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Doubles was the 21st edition of the men's doubles championship. \u017darko Dolinar and Vilim Harangozo won the title after defeating Viktor Barna and Michel Haguenauer in the final by three sets to nil.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072194-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nThe 1954 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Singles was the 21st edition of the men's singles championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072194-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nIchiro Ogimura defeated Tage Flisberg in the final, winning three sets to one to secure the title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072195-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Team\nThe 1954 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Swaythling Cup (Men's Team) was the 21st edition of the men's team championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072195-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Team\nJapan won the gold medal defeating Czechoslovakia 5-4 in the decisive final group match. England won the bronze medal after finishing third in the final group.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072196-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Mixed Doubles\nThe 1954 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Mixed Doubles was the 21st edition of the mixed doubles championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072196-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Mixed Doubles\nIvan Andreadis and Gizi Farkas defeated Yoshio Tomita and Fujie Eguchi in the final by three sets to one.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072197-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Women's Doubles\nThe 1954 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Women's Doubles was the 20th edition of the women's doubles championship. Diane Rowe and Rosalind Rowe defeated Ann Haydon-Jones and Kathleen Best in the final by three sets to one.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072198-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Women's Singles\nThe 1954 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Women's Singles was the 21st edition of the women's singles championship. Angelica Rozeanu defeated Yoshiko Tanaka in the final by three sets to one, to win a fifth consecutive title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072199-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Women's Team\nThe 1954 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Corbillon Cup (Women's Team) was the 14th edition of the women's team championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072199-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Women's Team\nJapan won the gold medal, Hungary won the silver medal and England won the bronze medal following a three way tie in the final group play off, positions of which were eventually decided by matches won.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072200-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 World Weightlifting Championships\nThe 1954 Men's World Weightlifting Championships were held in Vienna, Austria from October 7 to October 10, 1954. There were 100 men in action from 23 nations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072201-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 World Wrestling Championships\nThe 1954 World Freestyle Wrestling Championship were held in Tokyo, Japan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072202-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Wyoming Cowboys football team\nThe 1954 Wyoming Cowboys football team represented the University of Wyoming in the Skyline Conference during the 1954 college football season. In their second season under head coach Phil Dickens, the Cowboys compiled a 6\u20134 record (5\u20131 against Skyline opponents), finished second in the conference, and outscored opponents by a total of 215 to 171.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072203-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Wyoming gubernatorial election\nThe 1954 Wyoming gubernatorial election took place on November 2, 1954. Incumbent Republican Governor Clifford Joy Rogers ran for a full term as Governor of Wyoming after Frank A. Barrett was elected to the U.S. Senate, but lost the nomination to former State Representative Milward Simpson. Simpson narrowly defeated Democratic former Secretary of State William Jack in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072204-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Wyoming state elections\nA general election was held in the U.S. state of Wyoming on Tuesday, November 2, 1954. All of the state's executive officers\u2014the Governor, Secretary of State, Auditor, Treasurer, and Superintendent of Public Instruction\u2014were up for election. The result was largely a continuation of Republican rule, though Democrat Velma Linford won the election for Superintendent and the margins in most of the other races shrunk considerably from 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072204-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Wyoming state elections, Governor\nFollowing Governor Frank A. Barrett's election to the U.S. Senate in 1952, Republican Secretary of State Doc Rogers became acting Governor. He ran for re-election, but was defeated by former State Representative Milward Simpson in the Republican primary. In the general election, Simpson then narrowly defeated William M. Jack, the former Secretary of State and State Auditor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072204-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Wyoming state elections, Secretary of State\nIncumbent Republican Secretary of State Doc Rogers simultaneously served as acting Governor following Governor Frank A. Barrett's election to the U.S. Senate in 1952, and opted to run for re-election as Governor rather than for re-election as Secretary of State. State Auditor Everett T. Copenhaver ran for Secretary of State, and won the Republican primary unopposed. In the general election, he faced Zan Lewis, a former aide to Senator Lester C. Hunt and the longtime chief clerk in the Secretary of State's office. Copenhaver was able to build on his record of electoral victories and defeated Lewis in a landslide, and was the strongest performing statewide candidate that year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 48], "content_span": [49, 732]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072204-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Wyoming state elections, Auditor\nIncumbent Republican State Auditor Everett T. Copenhaver opted against seeking a third term, instead running for Secretary of State. Accordingly, State Treasurer Minnie A. Mitchell, barred from seeking a second term as Treasurer, ran for Auditor. She defeated Rusty Rothwell, secretary to the State Board of Charities and Reform, in the Republican primary and then faced Democratic nominee Bob Adams, a real estate broker, in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072204-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Wyoming state elections, Treasurer\nIncumbent Republican State Treasurer Minnie A. Mitchell, appointed to the post following the death of her husband in 1952, was barred from seeking re-election due to term limits. Charles B. Morgan, who served as Deputy State Treasurer for 41 years and to 12 different state treasurers, won the Republican primary over Insurance Commissioner Ford S. Taft. In the general election, he faced former State Representative W. D. \"Jud\" Witherspoon, the Democratic nominee, whom he narrowly defeated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 39], "content_span": [40, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072204-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Wyoming state elections, Superintendent of Public Instruction\nIncumbent Republican Superintendent of Public Instruction Edna B. Stolt declined to run for re-election to a third term. State Education Commissioner Ray Robertson won the Republican nomination to succeed Stolt unopposed and faced Velma Linford, the 1946 nominee for Superintendent. In the Democratic Party's only pickup of a state executive office, Linford narrowly defeated Robertson to win her first term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072205-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Yale Bulldogs football team\nThe 1954 Yale Bulldogs football team represented Yale University in the 1954 college football season. The Bulldogs were led by third-year head coach Jordan Olivar, played their home games at the Yale Bowl and finished the season with a 5\u20133\u20131 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072206-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Yangtze floods\nFrom June to September 1954, the Yangtze River Floods were a series of catastrophic floodings that occurred mostly in Hubei Province. Due to unusually high volume of precipitation as well as an extraordinarily long rainy season in the middle stretch of the Yangtze River late in the spring of 1954, the river started to rise above its usual level in around late June.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072206-0000-0001", "contents": "1954 Yangtze floods\nDespite efforts to open three important flood gates to alleviate the rising water by diverting it, the flood level continued to rise until it hit the historic high of 44.67\u00a0m (146.6\u00a0ft) in Jingzhou, Hubei and 29.73\u00a0m (97.5\u00a0ft) in Wuhan. The number of dead from this flood was estimated at around 33,000, including those who died of plague in the aftermath of the disaster.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072206-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Yangtze floods, Casualties\nPartly as a result of this flood, the pressure to build new dams, the Gezhouba Dam and the Three Gorges Dam, in the upper reach of Yangtze river, gained considerable momentum.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 31], "content_span": [32, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072206-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Yangtze floods, Commemoration\nIn 1969, a large stone monument was erected in the riverside park in Hankou (City of Wuhan, Hubei) honoring the heroic deeds in fighting the 1954 flood. Among the carvings on the monument is a calligraphic inscription by Mao Zedong, dedicated to the people of Wuhan:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072206-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Yangtze floods, Commemoration\nWe must still be prepared to do battle against and overcome similarly severe floods that may occur in the future.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072206-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Yangtze floods, Commemoration\nBelow, is his poem \"Swimming\" (1956), envisioning future bridge and dam construction on the Yangtze:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072206-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 Yangtze floods, Commemoration\nI have just drunk the waters of ChangshaAnd come to eat the fish of Wuchang. Now I am swimming across the great Yangtze, Looking afar to the open sky of Chu. Let the wind blow and waves beat, Better far than idly strolling in a courtyard. Today I am at ease. \"It was by a stream that the Master said - \"Thus so things flow away!\"\" Sails move with the wind. Tortoise and Snake are still.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072206-0005-0001", "contents": "1954 Yangtze floods, Commemoration\nGreat plans are afoot: A bridge will fly to span the north and south, Turning a deep chasm into a thoroughfare;  Walls of stone will stand upstream to the westTo hold back Wushan's clouds and rain Till a smooth lake rises in the narrow gorgesThe mountain goddess if she is still there Will marvel at a world so changed.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072206-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 Yangtze floods, Commemoration\nOn the sides of the monument's pedestal are reliefs depicting heroic people of Wuhan fighting the flood, raising banners and placards with quotations from Mao Zedong.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072206-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 Yangtze floods, Comparison\nCompared to the 1998 Yangtze River Floods, this flooding was more severe in terms of total flow of water, but less in terms of the highest level that the flood water reached. This is probably a result of the intense logging on the banks of the upper reach of Yangtze River during the later part of the 20th century.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 31], "content_span": [32, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072207-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Yugoslav Cup\nThe 1954 Yugoslav Cup was the 8th season of the top football knockout competition in SFR Yugoslavia, the Yugoslav Cup (Serbo-Croatian: Kup Jugoslavije), also known as the \"Marshal Tito Cup\" (Kup Mar\u0161ala Tita), since its establishment in 1946.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072207-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Yugoslav Cup, Round of 16\nIn the following tables winning teams are marked in bold; teams from outside top level are marked in italic script.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072208-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Yugoslav First Basketball League\nThe 1954 Yugoslav First Basketball League season is the 10th season of the Yugoslav First Basketball League, the highest professional basketball league in SFR Yugoslavia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072209-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 Zagreb tram accident\nOn 31 October 1954, in Zagreb, Croatia, a tram accident happened on Mirogoj Road, a steep road leading from Medve\u0161\u010dak Street to Mirogoj Cemetery. A tram lost control during descent and crashed, killing 19 passengers, while 37 were injured, making this one of the worst tram accidents in the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072209-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 Zagreb tram accident, Events\nAt 8:30 in the morning, the M-24 tram left garage no. 21 traveling on line 13 which was, at the time, the relation between Mirogoj and \u0160o\u0161tari\u0107eva Street (several hundred metres east of Ban Jela\u010di\u0107 Square). The tram traveled downhill from Mirogoj towards the intersection Gup\u010deva Zvijezda. About 60 people had boarded the tram at Mirogoj, having been to the cemetery in preparation of All Saints' Day. The driver released the parking brake and started to descend the hill. Upon reaching the first curve, he attempted to apply the track brake to no effect.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 33], "content_span": [34, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072209-0001-0001", "contents": "1954 Zagreb tram accident, Events\nHe then used the emergency brake, which releases sand onto the tracks in order to increase friction, but the tram was going too fast to stop. It continued to pick up speed until the last curve, near Gup\u010deva Zvijezda, where it derailed, rolled over and skidded 40 metres (130\u00a0ft) into a street light, uprooting and dragging along several trees in the process. The tram's speed was estimated at 80\u00a0km/h (50\u00a0mph), five times the speed limit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 33], "content_span": [34, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072209-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 Zagreb tram accident, Events\nPeople waiting for the tram at the nearby stop provided first aid, along with doctors and nurses from a nearby hospital, while stopped car and taxi drivers drove the injured to hospitals. The department for blood transfusion did not work on Sundays at the time, but opened to accept the tram passengers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 33], "content_span": [34, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072209-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 Zagreb tram accident, Events\nDuring the investigation that followed, it was discovered that the tram was involved in another accident earlier that day, where it had hit a horse carriage, but later continued towards Mirogoj. A smaller-than-expected amount of sand was recovered on Mirogoj Road, which might have been due to the earlier accident.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 33], "content_span": [34, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072209-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 Zagreb tram accident, Events\nTram traffic was suspended indefinitely along Mirogoj Road as a result of the accident. It was reinstated in 1964, the trams equipped with four types of brakes this time, and suspended again on 15 May 1967 to be replaced with buses. The tracks were removed in 1970s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 33], "content_span": [34, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072210-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 college football season\nThe 1954 college football season saw three teams finish unbeaten and untied, with Ohio State Buckeyes and the UCLA Bruins sharing the national championship as the No. 1 picks of the AP Poll and the UPI Poll, respectively. Although the winners of the Big Ten and the Pacific conferences normally met in the Rose Bowl, a \"no repeat\" prevented the two champions from meeting. UCLA, which had been in the Rose Bowl earlier in the year, was replaced by conference runner-up USC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 502]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072210-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 college football season\nDuring the 20th century, the NCAA had no playoff for the college football teams that would later be described as \"Division I-A\". The NCAA did recognize a national champion based upon the final results of \"wire service\" (AP and UPI) polls. The extent of that recognition came in the form of acknowledgment in the annual NCAA Football Guide of the \"unofficial\" national champions. The AP poll in 1954 consisted of the votes of as many as 419 sportswriters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072210-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 college football season\nThough not all writers voted in every poll, each would give their opinion of the twenty best teams. Under a point system of 20 points for first place, 19 for second, etc., the \"overall\" ranking was determined. Although the rankings were based on the collective opinion of the representative sportswriters, the teams that remained \"unbeaten and untied\" were generally ranked higher than those that had not. A defeat, even against a strong opponent, tended to cause a team to drop in the rankings, and a team with two or more defeats was unlikely to remain in the Top 20. Generally, the top teams played on New Year's Day in the four major postseason bowl games: the Rose Bowl (near Los Angeles at Pasadena), the Sugar Bowl (New Orleans), the Orange Bowl (Miami), and the Cotton Bowl (Dallas).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 820]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072210-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 college football season\nIn 1954, a limit of 10 games per season, excluding a bowl game, was imposed on all teams, with the exception that existing contracts would not be changed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072210-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 college football season, September\nIn the preseason poll released on September 13, 1954, No. 1 Notre Dame had the most points, although No. 2 Oklahoma had more first place votes (74 vs. 52). Rounding out the Top Five were defending champion No. 3 Maryland, No. 4 Texas and No. 5 Illinois. As the regular season progressed, a new poll would be issued on the Monday following the weekend's games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 39], "content_span": [40, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072210-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 college football season, September\nSeptember 18, No. 2 Oklahoma won at No. 12 California 27\u201313, and No. 3 Maryland won at Kentucky, 20\u20130. Notre Dame and Texas, No. 1 and No. 4, were preparing to meet at South Bend to open their seasons. Oklahoma replaced Notre Dame as No. 1 in the first regular poll. No. 7 Georgia Tech, which beat Tulane 28\u20130 in Atlanta, replaced Illinois in the Top Five. Defying high expectations, the Illini would lose their opener to Penn State, 14\u201312, and finish the season with a 1\u20138\u20130 record. The poll: 1.Oklahoma 2.Notre Dame 3.Maryland 4.Texas 5.Georgia Tech.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 39], "content_span": [40, 592]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072210-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 college football season, September\nSeptember 25 No. 2 Notre Dame hosted No. 4 Texas and won 21\u20130. No. 1 Oklahoma beat No. 20 Texas Christian (TCU) 21\u201316. No. 3 Maryland was idle, and No. 5 Georgia Tech lost to Florida, 13\u201312. Notre Dame took back over the top spot from O.U., and Texas, Maryland and Georgia Tech were replaced by No. 8 UCLA (32\u20137 over Kansas), No. 10 Wisconsin (52\u201314 over Marquette) and No. 11 Iowa (14\u201310 over No. 7 Michigan State). The poll: 1.Notre Dame 2.Oklahoma 3.Iowa 4.UCLA 5.Wisconsin", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 39], "content_span": [40, 516]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072210-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 college football season, October\nIn a Friday game, No. 4 UCLA beat No. 6 Maryland 12\u20137. The next day, October 2, No. 1 Notre Dame was upset by No. 19 Purdue, 27\u201314. No. 2 Oklahoma which was idle, moved to the top as Notre Dame dropped out. No. 3 Iowa defeated visiting Montana, 48\u20136, and No. 5 Wisconsin beat No. 13 Michigan State 6\u20130. In Columbia, the No. 15 South Carolina Gamecocks fell 26\u20136 against unranked West Virginia. The poll: 1.Oklahoma 2.UCLA 3.Wisconsin 4.Iowa 5.Purdue", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072210-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 college football season, October\nOctober 9 No. 1 Oklahoma won its annual game in Dallas against No. 15 Texas, 14\u20137. No. 2 UCLA edged Washington 21\u201320. No. 3 Wisconsin beat No. 11 Rice 13\u20137. No. 4 Iowa lost to unranked Michigan, 14\u201313, and No. 5 Purdue was tied by No. 6 Duke, 13\u201313 (in the next poll, they stayed at No. 5 and No. 6). No. 10 Ohio State, which had won at Illinois 40\u20137, entered the Top Five: 1.Oklahoma 2.Wisconsin 3.UCLA 4.Ohio State 5.Purdue.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 464]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072210-0009-0000", "contents": "1954 college football season, October\nOctober 16 No. 2 Wisconsin hosted No. 5 Purdue and won 20\u20136. No. 1 Oklahoma visited Kansas and annihilated it, 65\u20130, while No. 3 UCLA went one better in beating Stanford 72\u20130. No. 4 Ohio State beat No. 13 Iowa 20\u201314. No . 14 West Virginia Mountaineers knocked off the No. 9 Penn State Nittany Lions 19\u201314 at Beaver Stadium. No. 7 Ole Miss, which had beaten Tulane 34\u20137, entered the Top Five: 1.Oklahoma 2.Wisconsin 3.UCLA 4.Ohio State 5.Mississippi.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072210-0010-0000", "contents": "1954 college football season, October\nOctober 23 No. 2 Wisconsin faced its second top-ranked opponent in a week, visiting Big Ten rival and No. 4 Ohio State. OSU won, 31\u201314, to take the No. 1 spot. No. 1 Oklahoma beat Kansas State 21\u20130, and No. 3 UCLA beat Oregon State 61\u20130. No. 5 Mississippi lost to No. 7 Arkansas at Little Rock, 6\u20130. No. 9 Army, which had won 67\u201312 at Columbia, moved up. The poll: 1.Ohio State 2.Oklahoma 3.UCLA 4.Arkansas 5.Army", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072210-0011-0000", "contents": "1954 college football season, October\nOctober 30 No. 1 Ohio State won at Northwestern, 14\u20137. No. 2 Oklahoma won 13\u20136 at Colorado. No. 3 UCLA won at California 27\u20136 and was given top billing in the next poll. No. 4 Arkansas won 14\u20137 at Texas A & M.   No. 5 Army, which got to stay home, edged Virginia 21\u201320. No. 6 Notre Dame, which beat No. 15 Navy 6\u20130 in Baltimore, moved up. The poll: 1.UCLA 2.Ohio State 3.Oklahoma 4.Arkansas 5.Notre Dame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072210-0012-0000", "contents": "1954 college football season, November\nNovember 6 No. 1 UCLA won at Oregon 41\u20130. No. 2 Ohio State beat visiting No. 20 Pittsburgh, 26\u20130. No. 3 Oklahoma won at Iowa State 40\u20130. No. 4 Arkansas, playing at Little Rock, beat No. 15 Rice 28\u201315, and No. 5 Notre Dame won at Penn, 42\u20137.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072210-0013-0000", "contents": "1954 college football season, November\nNovember 13 No. 1 UCLA had the week off, while No. 2 Ohio State won at Purdue 28\u20136 and got back the top rung. No. 3 Oklahoma beat Missouri 34\u201313. No. 4 Arkansas lost to No. 19 SMU, 21\u201314. No. 5 Notre Dame beat North Carolina, 42\u201313. No. 6 Army, which at won at Penn 35\u20130, came back to the Top Five: 1.Ohio State 2.UCLA 3.Oklahoma 4.Notre Dame 5.Army.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072210-0014-0000", "contents": "1954 college football season, November\nNovember 20 No. 1 Ohio State beat No. 12 Michigan 21\u20137. In Los Angeles, No. 2 UCLA beat its crosstown rival, No. 8 USC, 34\u20130. No. 3 Oklahoma beat Nebraska 55\u20137. No. 4 Notre Dame won at Iowa 34\u201318. No. 5 Army had the day, preparing for the Army-Navy game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072210-0015-0000", "contents": "1954 college football season, November\nNovember 27 No. 1 Ohio State and No. 2 UCLA had finished their seasons. No. 3 Oklahoma won its annual season-closer at Oklahoma State, 14\u20130. No. 4 Notre Dame beat No. 17 USC 23\u201317. In Philadelphia, No. 5 Army was beaten by No. 6 Navy, 27\u201320, with the Midshipmen taking Army's spot in the poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072210-0016-0000", "contents": "1954 college football season, Rankings, Final AP Poll\nAP ranked Ohio State as No. 1, while the UPI coaches' poll gave the top spot to UCLA. Both wire services' rankings were made at the end of the regular season, and were unaffected by the postseason bowl games. Ohio State and UCLA had two common opponents in 1954; Cal and USC. Ohio State defeated Cal 21\u201313 and USC 20\u20137, while UCLA defeated Cal 27\u20136 and USC 34\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 53], "content_span": [54, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072210-0017-0000", "contents": "1954 college football season, Rankings, Final Coaches Poll\nThe United Press International poll, taken from a panel of 35 coaches, had UCLA as the number one team beginning with the poll released on October 26.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 58], "content_span": [59, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072210-0017-0001", "contents": "1954 college football season, Rankings, Final Coaches Poll\nA rival to the AP poll, the UPI prefaced its release with the statement, \"The men who know the game the best, the coaches themselves, voted UCLA to the top spot by the slender margin of seven points over Ohio State, the perfect record champions of the Big 10 Conference,\"    The UPI poll was a Top Ten, with a first place vote by a coach being worth 10 points, second worth 9 points, etc.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 58], "content_span": [59, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072210-0017-0002", "contents": "1954 college football season, Rankings, Final Coaches Poll\nWith 350 being the maximum number of points, and 315 being the total for 35 second place votes, the panel was split on whether UCLA or Ohio State was the best team in the nation. The UPI Top Ten   Ohio State and UCLA had two common opponents in 1954; Cal and USC. Ohio State defeated Cal 21\u201313 and USC 20\u20137, while UCLA defeated Cal 27\u20136 and USC 34\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 58], "content_span": [59, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072211-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 elections in India, Legislative Assembly elections\nLegislative Assembly elections in India were conducted for Patiala & East Punjab States Union legislative assembly and Travancore-Cochin legislative assembly in 1954. In Patiala & East Punjab States Union, Indian National Congress won an absolute majority. While in Travancore-Cochin, no single party got the majority.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 55], "content_span": [56, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072211-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 elections in India, Legislative Assembly elections, Patiala & East Punjab States Union*\n*\u00a0: On 1 November 1956, under States Reorganisation Act, 1956, Patiala & East Punjab States Union was merged with Punjab.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 92], "content_span": [93, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072211-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 elections in India, Legislative Assembly elections, Travancore-Cochin*\n*\u00a0: In 1956, under States Reorganisation Act, 1956, Travancore-Cochin state was merged with the Malabar district of Madras State, Kasaragod taluk of the South Canara district and the Amindive Islands to form a new state Kerala. The southern part of Travancore-Cochin, Kanyakumari district was transferred to Madras State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 75], "content_span": [76, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072212-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 in Afghanistan\nThe following lists events that happened during 1954 in Afghanistan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072212-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 in Afghanistan\nThe Export-Import Bank of the United States lends $18,500,000 to Afghanistan to help buy the U.S. material, equipment, and services for the Helmand river valley development project.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072212-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 in Afghanistan, January 5, 1954\nThe Pakistani government orders the release of Abdul Ghaffar Khan, the 63-year-old leader of the Red Shirts (Khudai Khidmatgars), who had been detained at Rawalpindi since June 1948, on a charge of championing the cause of Pashtunistan, i.e., the establishment within the northwest frontiers of Pakistan of a Pashtu-speaking province united with Afghanistan. About 45 other persons detained for the same reason are set free, but Abdul Ghaffar Khan is to reside in Punjab.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 36], "content_span": [37, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072212-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 in Afghanistan, January 27, 1954\nAn agreement is signed at Kabul by Mikhail V. Degtyar, the Soviet ambassador, and Abdul Malik, the Afghan Minister of Finance, under which the U.S.S.R. grants Afghanistan a loan of $3,500,000, at 3.5% interest, for the construction at Kabul of a grain elevator of 20,000 tons, of a flour mill with a capacity for grinding 60 tons of wheat in 24 hours, and of a mechanized bakery capable of converting 50 tons of flour into bread every 24 hours. Another grain elevator of similar capacity is to be constructed at Puli Khumri. The cost of both elevators is estimated at $8,000,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 37], "content_span": [38, 617]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072212-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 in Afghanistan, February 2, 1954\nAn Afghan cultural mission arrives in New Delhi. Its leader, Ali Ahmad Popal, Deputy Minister of Education, says that the military pact between the U.S. and Pakistan will bring war nearer to Afghan frontiers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 37], "content_span": [38, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072212-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 in Afghanistan, Spring 1954\nThe construction of a 100-km pipeline from Termez (Uzbek S.S.R.) to Mazar-i-Sharif is started by Soviet technicians; it will have an annual delivery capacity of 30,000,000 gal. of gasoline.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 32], "content_span": [33, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072212-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 in Afghanistan, May 1954\nA foreign investment law granting capital from abroad equal treatment with national capital is promulgated. It makes provision for the transfer of profits abroad after payment of income tax, for the repatriation of capital, and for the transfer abroad of up to 70% of salaries of the foreign employees.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 29], "content_span": [30, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072212-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 in Afghanistan, Summer 1954\nExtensive oil deposits in northern Afghanistan are further surveyed by Swiss technicians. As the oil fields are near Shibarghan, about 145\u00a0km from the Soviet frontier, the Moscow government urges the Kabul government to develop them either by an Afghan-Soviet company or with financial and technical aid derived from countries which are not members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 32], "content_span": [33, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072212-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 in Afghanistan, October 6, 1954\nAnother loan of $2,100,000 is granted for buying industrial equipment in the U.S.S.R.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 36], "content_span": [37, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072213-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 in Australia\nThe following lists events that happened during 1954 in Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 84]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072214-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 in Australian literature\nThis article presents a list of the historical events and publications of Australian literature during 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072214-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 in Australian literature, Births\nA list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1954 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072214-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 in Australian literature, Deaths\nA list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1954 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072215-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 in Belgian television\nThis is a list of Belgian television related events from 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072218-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 in Brazilian football\nThe following article presents a summary of the 1954 football (soccer) season in Brazil, which was the 53rd season of competitive football in the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072218-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 in Brazilian football, Brazil national team\nThe following table lists all the games played by the Brazil national football team in official competitions and friendly matches during 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 48], "content_span": [49, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072219-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 in British music\nThis is a summary of 1954 in music of all genres in the United Kingdom.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 93]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072220-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 in British radio\nThis is a list of events from British radio in 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 74]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072221-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 in British television\nThis is a list of British television related events from 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072223-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 in Cambodia\nThe following lists events that happened during 1954 in Cambodia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 82]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072225-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 in Canadian football\nThe Edmonton Eskimos upset the Montreal Alouettes to send the Grey Cup trophy back west for the first time since 1948.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072225-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 in Canadian football, Canadian Football News in 1954\n1954 is generally recognized as the start of the modern era of Canadian football.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 57], "content_span": [58, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072225-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 in Canadian football, Canadian Football News in 1954\nThe BC Lions joined the WIFU and adopted the colours of burnt orange and brown. The NBC national network were televising IRFU games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 57], "content_span": [58, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072225-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 in Canadian football, Canadian Football News in 1954\nWinnipeg's Gerry James (RB), became the first player to win the Most Outstanding Canadian Award.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 57], "content_span": [58, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072225-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 in Canadian football, Canadian Football News in 1954\nThis was the last season that the Ontario Rugby Football Union would be allowed to challenge for the Grey Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 57], "content_span": [58, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072225-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 in Canadian football, Regular season, Final regular season standings\nNote: GP = Games Played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, PF = Points For, PA = Points Against, Pts = Points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 73], "content_span": [74, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072225-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 in Canadian football, Grey Cup Championship\n42nd Annual Grey Cup Game: Varsity Stadium \u2013 Toronto, Ontario", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 48], "content_span": [49, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072225-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 in Canadian football, 1954 Ontario Rugby Football Union All-Stars\nNOTE: During this time most players played both ways, so the All-Star selections do not distinguish between some offensive and defensive positions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 70], "content_span": [71, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072226-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 in Canadian television\nThis is a list of Canadian television-related events in 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072227-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 in Chile\nThe following lists events that happened during 1954 in Chile.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 76]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072230-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 in Estonia\nThis article lists events that occurred during 1954 in Estonia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 79]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072232-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 in French Indochina\nThe following lists events that happened during 1954 in French Indochina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072233-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 in German television\nThis is a list of German television related events from 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 87]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072235-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 in Iceland\nThe following lists events that happened in 1954 in Iceland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 76]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072236-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 in India\nEvents in the year 1954 in the Republic of India.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 63]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072239-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 in Israel, Events, Israeli\u2013Palestinian conflict\nThe most prominent events related to the Israeli\u2013Palestinian conflict which occurred during 1954 include:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 52], "content_span": [53, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072239-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 in Israel, Events, Israeli\u2013Palestinian conflict\nThe most prominent Palestinian fedayeen terror attacks committed against Israelis during 1954 include:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 52], "content_span": [53, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072239-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 in Israel, Events, Israeli\u2013Palestinian conflict\nThe most prominent Israeli military counter-terrorism operations (military campaigns and military operations) carried out against Palestinian militants during 1954 include:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 52], "content_span": [53, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072240-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 in Italian television\nThis is a list of Italian television related events from 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072240-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 in Italian television, Events\nThe TV signal covers Northern Italy, Rome and the Tyrrhenian side of Central Italy. The transmissions last four hours and a quarter by day (from 5:30 to 11:30 PM, with a pause from 7 to 8:45; from 11 AM to 4 PM and from 5 PM to 11:30 PM during the holidays). The TV programming relies on music, plays and films; the news are strictly institutional and focused on the official ceremonies. The subscribers to the new media are initially just 90, but a month later they numbner already 24,000 people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 34], "content_span": [35, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072241-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 in Japan, Events\nA sightseeing boat Uchigo-Maru capsized in Lake Sagami, Kanagawa Prefecture on 8 October.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 21], "content_span": [22, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072243-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 in Laos\nThe following lists events that happened during 1954 in Laos.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 74]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072244-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 in Libya\nThe following lists events that happened in 1954 in Libya.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 72]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072245-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 in Luxembourg\nThe following lists events that happened during 1954 in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072246-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 in Malaya\nThis article lists important figures and events in Malayan public affairs during the year 1954, as well as births and deaths of significant Malayans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072247-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 in Mexico, Incumbents, Governors\nEvery governor was a member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 37], "content_span": [38, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072247-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 in Mexico, Awards\nBelisario Dom\u00ednguez Medal of Honor \u2013 Rosaura Zapata and  Erasmo Castellanos Quinto", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072248-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 in Michigan, Top stories\nThe Associated Press United Press and Detroit Free Press, each separately ranked the state's top news stories of 1954 as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 29], "content_span": [30, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072248-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 in Michigan, Population\nIn the 1950 United States Census, Michigan was recorded as having a population of 6,421,000 persons, ranking as the seventh most populous state in the country. By 1960, the state's population had grown 22.8% to 7,823,194 persons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 28], "content_span": [29, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072248-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 in Michigan, Population, Cities\nThe following is a list of cities in Michigan with a population of at least 40,000 based on 1950 U.S. Census data. Historic census data from 1940 and 1960 is included to reflect trends in population increases or decreases. Cities that are part of the Detroit metropolitan area are shaded in tan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 36], "content_span": [37, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072248-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 in Michigan, Population, Counties\nThe following is a list of counties in Michigan with populations of at least 100,000 based on 1950 U.S. Census data. Historic census data from 1940 and 1960 are included to reflect trends in population increases or decreases. Counties that are part of the Detroit metropolitan area are shaded in tan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 38], "content_span": [39, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072249-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 in New Zealand\nThe following lists events that happened during  1954 in New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072249-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 in New Zealand, Incumbents, Government\nThe 30th New Zealand Parliament expired this year. The National Party was elected to a third term in office under Sidney Holland on 13 November.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 43], "content_span": [44, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072249-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 in New Zealand, Arts and literature, Film\nSee : Category:1954 film awards, 1954 in film, List of New Zealand feature films, Cinema of New Zealand, Category:1954 films", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 46], "content_span": [47, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072249-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 in New Zealand, Sport, Lawn bowls\nThe national outdoor lawn bowls championships are held in Christchurch.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 38], "content_span": [39, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072251-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 in North Vietnam\nThe following lists events that happened during 1954 in North Vietnam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 92]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072254-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 in Norwegian football\nThe 1954 season was the 49th season of competitive football in Norway.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072255-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 in Norwegian music\nThe following is a list of notable events and releases of the year 1954 in Norwegian music.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072256-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 in Pakistan\nThis is a list of notable events that took place in Pakistan in 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 86]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072257-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 in Portugal, Sport\nIn association football, for the first-tier league seasons, see 1953\u201354 Primeira Divis\u00e3o and 1954\u201355 Primeira Divis\u00e3o; for the Ta\u00e7a de Portugal seasons, see 1953\u201354 Ta\u00e7a de Portugal and 1954\u201355 Ta\u00e7a de Portugal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 23], "content_span": [24, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072259-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 in Scottish television\nThis is a list of events in Scottish television from 1954,", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 86]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072260-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 in Singapore\nThe following lists events that happened during 1954 in Singapore.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 84]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072261-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 in South Africa\nThe following lists events that happened during 1954 in South Africa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 90]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072261-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 in South Africa, Railways, Locomotives\nTwo new Cape gauge steam locomotive types enter service on the South African Railways (SAR).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 43], "content_span": [44, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072263-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 in South Vietnam\nThe following lists events that happened during 1954 in South Vietnam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 92]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072266-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 in Taiwan\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by BHGbot (talk | contribs) at 04:54, 19 June 2020 (WP:BHGbot 6 (List 5): fixed sort key; WP:GENFIXES). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072266-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 in Taiwan\nEvents from the year 1954 in Taiwan, Republic of China. This year is numbered Minguo 43 according to the official Republic of China calendar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072267-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 in Thailand\nThe year 1954 was the 173rd year of the Rattanakosin Kingdom of Thailand. It was the 9th year in the reign of King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX), and is reckoned as year 2497 in the Buddhist Era.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072269-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 in Vietnam\nWhen 1954 began, the French had been fighting the insurgent communist-dominated Viet Minh for more than seven years attempting to retain control of their colony  Vietnam. Domestic support for the war by the population of France had declined. The United States was concerned and worried that a French military defeat in Vietnam would result in the spread of communism to all the countries of Southeast Asia\u2014the domino theory\u2014and was looking for means of aiding the French without committing American troops to the war.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072269-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 in Vietnam\nIn a last ditch effort to defeat the Viet Minh, the French had fortified a remote outpost in northwestern Vietnam named \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7 with the objective of inducing the Viet Minh to attack and then utilizing superior French firepower to destroy the attackers. Viet Minh General V\u00f5 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1p described the French positions in a river valley as being at the bottom of a rice bowl with the Viet Minh holding the high ground surrounding the French.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072269-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 in Vietnam\nIn May, French military forces surrendered to the Viet Minh concluding the Battle of Dien Bien Phu. In July, a cease fire agreement was reached by the Geneva Accords dividing Vietnam into two provisional states at the 17th parallel of latitude. Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m became Prime Minister of South Vietnam and Ho Chi Minh became President of North Vietnam. Di\u1ec7m overcame an early challenge to his rule from army leaders and the H\u00f2a H\u1ea3o and Cao \u0110\u00e0i religious sects. The United States pledged its support to the Di\u1ec7m government and began to replace France as the principal foreign power involved in South Vietnam. China and the Former Soviet Union began to provide economic assistance to North Vietnam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 708]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072269-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 in Vietnam, January\nEmperor and Chief of State B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i appointed B\u1eedu L\u1ed9c as Prime Minister of Vietnam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 24], "content_span": [25, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072269-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 in Vietnam, January\nUnited States President Dwight D. Eisenhower announced that 26 B-26 bombers and 200 U.S. Air Force mechanics would be provided the French to aid them in their war against the Viet Minh.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 24], "content_span": [25, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072269-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 in Vietnam, February\nThe United States, United Kingdom, France, and the Soviet Union agreed to discuss a solution to the war in Indochina at a Geneva Conference scheduled to begin on 26 April.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 25], "content_span": [26, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072269-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 in Vietnam, March\nThe Battle of Dien Bien Phu began. The French garrison was surrounded by the Viet Minh commanded by V\u00f5 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1p. During the nearly two-month course of the siege a total of about 20,000 soldiers in the French army defended themselves against 49,500 Viet Minh fighters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 22], "content_span": [23, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072269-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 in Vietnam, March\nThe National Security Council of the United States approved the assignment of CIA operative Col. Edward Lansdale to Saigon. Lansdale was given much credit for advising Philippine President Ramon Magsaysay and helping defeat the Hukbalahap Rebellion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 22], "content_span": [23, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072269-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 in Vietnam, March\nPresident Eisenhower met with the National Security Council to consider U.S. intervention to assist the French at Dien Binh Phu. Eisenhower imposed four conditions for U.S. intervention: France would have to request U.S. intervention; the United Nations would have to approve; intervention would have to be a multi-national effort; and Congress would have to approve.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 22], "content_span": [23, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072269-0009-0000", "contents": "1954 in Vietnam, March\nA U.S. army study concluded that the use of nuclear weapons by the U.S to relieve the siege of \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7 was feasible and suggested an operational plan. The study met with opposition from senior military officers and was quickly abandoned.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 22], "content_span": [23, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072269-0010-0000", "contents": "1954 in Vietnam, April\nPresident Eisenhower met with eight Congressional leaders, including Lyndon Johnson, to discuss Operation Vulture, a proposal to aid the French trapped in Dien Bien Phu with carrier-based air strikes. The members of Congress said they would support air strikes only if it were part of a multinational effort.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 22], "content_span": [23, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072269-0011-0000", "contents": "1954 in Vietnam, April\nThe National Security Council met again to consider U.S. intervention at \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7. The Army, including Army Chief of Staff General Matthew Ridgway, was negative, stating that U.S. intervention would require 7 army divisions and heavy air support.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 22], "content_span": [23, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072269-0012-0000", "contents": "1954 in Vietnam, April\nPresident Eisenhower used the phrase \"falling dominoes\" in a press conference. This was the origin of the domino theory which postulated that if Vietnam became communist the other nearby states would soon follow. The domino theory was a prominent justification for the Vietnam War in the United States during the 1960s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 22], "content_span": [23, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072269-0013-0000", "contents": "1954 in Vietnam, April\nSecretary of State John Foster Dulles returned to the United States after having failed to persuade France and the United Kingdom to support a multinational effort to assist the French in \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7. The French wanted American air strikes, but opposed a multinational coalition; the British preferred to rely on the upcoming Geneva Convention to resolve the problem of the war in Vietnam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 22], "content_span": [23, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072269-0014-0000", "contents": "1954 in Vietnam, April\nVice President of the U.S. Richard M. Nixon said at a press conference: \"the United States as a leader of the free world cannot afford further retreat from Asia... If the French withdrew [from Vietnam], the United States might have to take the risk now by putting our own boys in.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 22], "content_span": [23, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072269-0015-0000", "contents": "1954 in Vietnam, April\n22 AprilFrench Foreign Minister Georges Bidault told Dulles that only massive U.S. air strikes could save \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7 and withdrew French objections to a multinational effort. Winston Churchill in Great Britain, however, said he 'was not prepared to give any undertakings about United Kingdom military action in Indochina in advance of the results of Geneva.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 22], "content_span": [23, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072269-0016-0000", "contents": "1954 in Vietnam, May\nTwo American pilots, James B. McGovern Jr. and Wallace Buford, were killed when their cargo plane, attempting to airdrop supplies into Dien Bien Phu, was shot down. They were employed by Civil Air Transport, a CIA owned company. 37 American pilots participated in the effort to keep Dien Bien Phu supplied from the air.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 20], "content_span": [21, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072269-0017-0000", "contents": "1954 in Vietnam, May\nFrench forces at Dien Bien Phu surrendered to the Viet Minh. 11,721 soldiers of the French army surrendered, many of them wounded. Most of the soldiers were from the French Foreign Legion or French colonial possessions in Africa and Indochina. 4,148 prisoners were repatriated later in 1954. Most of the others are presumed to have died in captivity although the fate of 3,013 Vietnamese serving in the French army and captured at Dien Bien Phu is unknown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 20], "content_span": [21, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072269-0018-0000", "contents": "1954 in Vietnam, May\nThe French suffered about 9,000 dead, wounded, and missing in the battle. The French estimated that the Viet Minh suffered 23,000 dead and wounded. The Viet Minh claimed that they had only 9,000 casualties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 20], "content_span": [21, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072269-0019-0000", "contents": "1954 in Vietnam, May\nThe United States was paying 80 percent of the cost of the French war against the Viet Minh.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 20], "content_span": [21, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072269-0020-0000", "contents": "1954 in Vietnam, May\nAfter meeting Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m, the prospective Prime Minister of South Vietnam, in Paris, U.S. Ambassador Douglas Dillon told the State Department: \"We were favorably impressed (with Di\u1ec7m) but only in the realization that we are prepared to accept the seemingly ridiculous prospect that this Yogi-like mystic could assume the charge he is apparently about to undertake only because the standard set by his predecessors is so low.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 20], "content_span": [21, 449]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072269-0021-0000", "contents": "1954 in Vietnam, June\nColonel Edward Lansdale arrived in Saigon from the Philippines to create and lead the CIA's Saigon Military Mission (SMM). Lansdale, a former advertising executive, was tasked with helping pro-Western elements in  Vietnam wage psychological and political warfare against the communist-dominated Viet Minh. The U.S. hoped than Lansdale could duplicate in Vietnam his success in helping the Philippines defeat the Hukbalahap insurgency.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 21], "content_span": [22, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072269-0022-0000", "contents": "1954 in Vietnam, June\nIn Saigon CIA operative Paul Harwood responded to a question from Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Nhu, brother of Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m. Nhu asked what policies would persuade the U.S. to support his brother as Prime Minister. Harwood's terms were that the U.S. must participate directly in the training of the South Vietnamese army and the government of Vietnam must show uncompromising resistance to Viet Minh efforts to expand the territory under its control. Harwood's commitment to Di\u1ec7m was unauthorized by the U.S. Government, but was tacitly accepted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 21], "content_span": [22, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072269-0023-0000", "contents": "1954 in Vietnam, June\nA CIA secretary in Saigon, Virginia Spence, established a close relationship with Ng\u00f4 Dinh Nhu. She said of him and his followers. \"The men who have schemed and fought...to get political power don't have any idea what to do with it now that it's within their grasp. They are like the bride who couldn't see beyond the end of the church aisle... They need support, all right, but they don't realize how much.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 21], "content_span": [22, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072269-0024-0000", "contents": "1954 in Vietnam, June\nB\u1eedu L\u1ed9c resigns as Prime Minister of Vietnam, paving the way for the appointment of Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m. It is uncertain whether the U.S. encouraged, or merely acquiesced, in the appointment of Di\u1ec7m. Both France and the United States appear to have decided he was the only viable candidate for the job.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 21], "content_span": [22, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072269-0025-0000", "contents": "1954 in Vietnam, June\nFive American enlisted men were taken captive by the Viet Minh on a beach near Da Nang. They were held until August 31 when they were repatriated as a result of the Geneva Accords.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 21], "content_span": [22, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072269-0026-0000", "contents": "1954 in Vietnam, June\nThe Premier of France, Pierre Mend\u00e8s France, said that he \"expected to have considerable difficulty with the new Vietnam government.\" Di\u1ec7m, he said, was a \"fanatic.\" His thoughts were echoed by other French officials:  \"Di\u1ec7m is too narrow, too rigid, too unworldly\", said one.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 21], "content_span": [22, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072269-0027-0000", "contents": "1954 in Vietnam, June\nIn the last official battle of the Viet Minh's war with the French, 3,000 French troops withdrawing from An Kh\u00ea toward Pleiku were ambushed in the Battle of Mang Yang Pass. The French suffered more than fifty percent casualties before finally extricating the survivors on July 17.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 21], "content_span": [22, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072269-0028-0000", "contents": "1954 in Vietnam, June\nNg\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m arrived in Saigon after four years of exile in France and the United States to assume the post of Prime Minister of the State of Vietnam. Di\u1ec7m was appointed to the post by Emperor and chief of state B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i, who lived in France most of the time. Di\u1ec7m was a Catholic appointed to rule a country that was predominantly Buddhist.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 21], "content_span": [22, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072269-0029-0000", "contents": "1954 in Vietnam, June\nIn the words of one historian, \"Di\u1ec7m's attractiveness to his first American patrons derived from three qualities: he was a certified anti-communist nationalist, he was a Roman Catholic, and he understood English.\" English language ability was rare among Vietnamese at the time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 21], "content_span": [22, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072269-0030-0000", "contents": "1954 in Vietnam, July\nThe Geneva Accords were signed in Paris. The accords called for a cease fire in the war, the independence of Vietnam, its division at the 17th parallel of latitude into two provisional states, North Vietnam and the State of Vietnam (South Vietnam), and the establishment of a demilitarized zone 10 kilometers (6 miles) wide separating the two provisional states. Viet Minh soldiers were to withdraw to the north and military forces allied to France to the south. Free movement between north and south was granted for 300 days.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 21], "content_span": [22, 548]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072269-0031-0000", "contents": "1954 in Vietnam, July\nThe Final Declaration stated that the demarcation line at the 17th parallel between North and South Vietnam was only \"provisional and should not in any way be interpreted as constituting a political or territorial boundary.\" Elections by secret ballot were to be held in July 1956 to unite the north and the south into a single country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 21], "content_span": [22, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072269-0031-0001", "contents": "1954 in Vietnam, July\n(In his autobiography published in 1963, Eisenhower noted that \"had elections been held as of the time of the fighting [1954], possibly 80 per cent of the population would have voted for the Communist Ho Chi Minh ... rather than chief of State Bao Dai.\" This clearly indicated major difficulties for any candidate other than Ho Chi Minh in those 1956 elections.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 21], "content_span": [22, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072269-0032-0000", "contents": "1954 in Vietnam, July\nNeither the United States nor the Viet Minh were pleased with the Geneva Accords, the U.S. because Vietnam north of the 17th parallel was given to the communist Viet Minh, the Viet Minh because, despite their military victory, they gained control over only one-half the country. Under pressure from the Soviet Union and China, the Viet Minh (hereafter called North Vietnam) signed the agreement. Neither the United States nor South Vietnam signed the Accords. The U.S. only \"took note\" of the Accords and promised not to \"disturb them\" by the threat or use of force.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 21], "content_span": [22, 588]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072269-0033-0000", "contents": "1954 in Vietnam, July\nCommenting on the Geneva Accords and U.S. objectives in Vietnam, Secretary of State John Foster Dulles said \"The important thing...is to seize the future  opportunity to prevent the loss of northern Vietnam from leading to the extension of Communism throughout Southeast Asia and the Southwest Pacific.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 21], "content_span": [22, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072269-0034-0000", "contents": "1954 in Vietnam, August\nLansdale and a dozen operatives in the Saigon Military Mission began sabotage efforts which included distributing leaflets warning of the fate of the Vietnamese under the Viet Minh, encouraging immigration from the north to the south, discouraging immigration from the south to the north, contaminating the oil supply to ruin the motors of Hanoi buses, training potential guerrillas, hiring astrologers to make dire predictions of disaster in the north and peace in the south, and smuggling arms and other equipment to paramilitary anti-communist groups in the north.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 23], "content_span": [24, 591]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072269-0035-0000", "contents": "1954 in Vietnam, August\nPresident Eisenhower and the National Security Council decided that the U.S. would provide assistance for military training in South Vietnam \"working through the French only insofar as necessary.\" The U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff were reluctant to undertake the training mission as they believed conditions in South Vietnam were too unsettled to make training the South Vietnamese army feasible. The decision to train the South Vietnam army, in the opinion of one historian, \"set in motion a chain of events that would prove irreversible.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 23], "content_span": [24, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072269-0036-0000", "contents": "1954 in Vietnam, August\nAn Air Vietnam Bristol Freighter evacuating civilians from Hanoi to Saigon crashed while making an emergency landing at Pakse, Laos killing 47 onboard.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 23], "content_span": [24, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072269-0037-0000", "contents": "1954 in Vietnam, August\nA U.S. navy ship, the USS\u00a0Menard, left Haiphong carrying 1,924 refugees on a three-day journey to Saigon. The Geneva Accords allowed for free movement between the northern and southern zones of Vietnam for a period of 300 days. The Menard was the first of many U.S. and French navy ships to transport refugees from north to south. The navy program to transport refugees from the north to the south was called Operation Passage to Freedom.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 23], "content_span": [24, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072269-0038-0000", "contents": "1954 in Vietnam, August\nFrom August 1954 until July 1955, between 600,000 and one million northerners moved south, while between 14,000\u201345,000 civilians and approximately 100,000 Viet Minh fighters moved in the opposite direction. About 75 percent of the migrants to the south were Catholics. North Vietnam left behind in South Vietnam 8,000 to 10,000 covert civilian and military personnel, most of them members of the communist party. The task of the \"stay-behinds\" was political activism to ensure a victory for Ho Chi Minh in the national elections called for in 1956 in the Geneva Accords.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 23], "content_span": [24, 594]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072269-0039-0000", "contents": "1954 in Vietnam, August\nAmong the American naval personnel working in Haiphong was Dr. Tom Dooley who would write an influential, best-selling, anti-communist book, Deliver us From Evil, and become one of the most outspoken anti-communists of the day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 23], "content_span": [24, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072269-0040-0000", "contents": "1954 in Vietnam, August\nPresident Eisenhower wrote President Di\u1ec7m a letter assuring Di\u1ec7m that the United States would support his government if he continued to implement democratic reforms. This letter was later cited by U.S. President Lyndon Johnson as the first step in the U.S. commitment to support South Vietnam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 23], "content_span": [24, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072269-0041-0000", "contents": "1954 in Vietnam, September\nIn Manila, the U.S., Australia, France, New Zealand, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand, and the United Kingdom signed the treaty creating the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO), a collective defense agreement that had among its objectives protecting Laos, Cambodia, and South Vietnam from communist aggression.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 26], "content_span": [27, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072269-0042-0000", "contents": "1954 in Vietnam, September\nPrime Minister Di\u1ec7m faced the first crisis of his new government. He dismissed the Army chief of staff General Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Hinh and ordered him to leave the country. Hinh refused to obey and a few days later surrounded the Presidential palace with tanks. Nine of Di\u1ec7m's 15-member cabinet resigned. Col. Lansdale attempted to buy support for Di\u1ec7m from leaders of the H\u00f2a H\u1ea3o and Cao \u0110\u00e0i religious sects. Di\u1ec7m resolved the political crisis temporarily by appointing four H\u00f2a H\u1ea3o and two Cao \u0110\u00e0i leaders to his government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 26], "content_span": [27, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072269-0043-0000", "contents": "1954 in Vietnam, September\nThe United States and France concluded an agreement that henceforth all U.S. aid to Vietnam would go directly to the Vietnamese government rather than through the French government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 26], "content_span": [27, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072269-0044-0000", "contents": "1954 in Vietnam, October\nViet Minh soldiers arrived to take control of Hanoi, capital city of French Indochina. That afternoon the French military garrison lowered its flag for the last time and withdrew from the city. The French military retained a presence in South Vietnam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 24], "content_span": [25, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072269-0045-0000", "contents": "1954 in Vietnam, October\nViet Minh leader Ho Chi Minh entered Hanoi without fanfare and took up the reins of the government of North Vietnam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 24], "content_span": [25, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072269-0046-0000", "contents": "1954 in Vietnam, October\nU.S. Senator Mike Mansfield, who knew Di\u1ec7m and had visited Vietnam, issued a report stating that the \"alternatives to Di\u1ec7m\" were \"not promising\" and warning the Vietnamese that if Di\u1ec7m were overthrown the U.S. should consider an \"immediate suspension of all aid to Vietnam.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 24], "content_span": [25, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072269-0047-0000", "contents": "1954 in Vietnam, October\nIn a meeting in Hanoi with French official Jean Sainteny, Ho Chi Minh said he hoped France would retain a cultural and economic presence in North Vietnam and reassured the Frenchman that Vietnam would pursue independent policies not dictated by the communist governments of China or the Soviet Union. Ho envisioned only a slow transition to socialism. Sainteny warned his government, however, that North Vietnam would fight to prevent the permanent division of Vietnam into two countries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 24], "content_span": [25, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072269-0048-0000", "contents": "1954 in Vietnam, October\nThe U.S. Department of State instructed the Military Assistance Advisory Group (MAAG) in Saigon to begin a \"program of training that number of Vietnamese armed forces necessary to carry out internal security missions.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 24], "content_span": [25, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072269-0049-0000", "contents": "1954 in Vietnam, October\nPresident Eisenhower sent a letter to Prime Minister Di\u1ec7m promising U.S. assistance if Di\u1ec7m met \"standards of performance.\" Di\u1ec7m agreed. This letter was later cited as the initial commitment by the U.S. to support South Vietnam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 24], "content_span": [25, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072269-0050-0000", "contents": "1954 in Vietnam, October\nThe Chief of Staff of the South Vietnamese army, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Hinh, planned to attack the Presidential palace and overthrow the Di\u1ec7m government. Landsdale and the SMM got wind of the coup d'\u00e9tat and persuaded two key military supporters of Hinh to make an official visit to the Philippines accompanied by Lansdale. With his supporters absent, Hinh called off the proposed coup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 24], "content_span": [25, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072269-0051-0000", "contents": "1954 in Vietnam, October\nThe record for the most passengers taken in one journey during Operation Passage to Freedom was set by the USS General Black, which sailed with 5,224 Vietnamese aboard.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 24], "content_span": [25, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072269-0052-0000", "contents": "1954 in Vietnam, November\nGeneral Lawton Collins arrived in Saigon as special representative of the United States. He affirmed President Eisenhower's earlier expression of support for Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m. Collins promised $100 million in U.S. aid and stated that the Di\u1ec7m government \"is the legal government in Vietnam.\" He warned the South Vietnamese army that it would receive American assistance only if it supported Di\u1ec7m.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 25], "content_span": [26, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072269-0053-0000", "contents": "1954 in Vietnam, November\nU.S. Ambassador Donald R. Heath departed Vietnam, leaving Collins as the senior U.S. official in the country. Heath was considered by Washington to be too accommodating to the French and too disparaging of Prime Minister Di\u1ec7m.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 25], "content_span": [26, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072269-0054-0000", "contents": "1954 in Vietnam, November\nGeneral Vinh left Vietnam for exile in Paris, thereby reducing the possibility of a military coup against the Di\u1ec7m government. His principal co-conspirators followed. Vinh had been ordered to leave Vietnam almost two months earlier by Di\u1ec7m, but had ignored the order until ordered to depart by B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 25], "content_span": [26, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072269-0055-0000", "contents": "1954 in Vietnam, December\nNorth Vietnam concluded an aid agreement with China for equipment and technical assistance to repair roads, railroads, and other infrastructure. Russian and Chinese technical advisers began to replace the French.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 25], "content_span": [26, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072269-0056-0000", "contents": "1954 in Vietnam, December\nGeneral Collins and General Paul Ely, commander of the French military in South Vietnam, signed a \"Minute of Understanding\" to govern the withdrawal of French military forces from South Vietnam. The South Vietnamese army would be reduced in size from 170,000 to a more-affordable 90,000 men, the Americans and French would cooperate in training the army, and France would turn over full control of the Vietnamese army to Vietnam by July 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 25], "content_span": [26, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072269-0057-0000", "contents": "1954 in Vietnam, December\nCollins quickly came to agree with former Ambassador Heath's low opinion of Di\u1ec7m. Collins suggested that the U.S. give thought to \"possible alternatives\" if the Di\u1ec7m government did not make progress and, if no acceptable alternative to Di\u1ec7m could be found, the U.S. should consider withdrawing from Vietnam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 25], "content_span": [26, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072269-0058-0000", "contents": "1954 in Vietnam, December\nU.S. Secretary of State John Foster Dulles rebuked Collins for his suggestion that an alternative to Di\u1ec7m be sought. Dulles said that under \"present circumstances...we have no choice but to continue...our support of Di\u1ec7m.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 25], "content_span": [26, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072270-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 in Wales\nThis article is about the particular significance of the year 1954 to Wales and its people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072274-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 in association football\nThe following are the football (soccer) events of the year 1954 throughout the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072276-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 in baseball\nThe following are the baseball events of the year 1954  throughout the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072277-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 in comics\nNotable events of 1954 in comics. See also List of years in comics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 82]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072278-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 in country music\nThis is a list of notable events in country music that took place in the year 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072279-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 in film\nThe year 1954 in film involved some significant events and memorable ones.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 87]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072279-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 in film, Top-grossing films, United States\nThe top ten 1954 released films by box office gross in the United States are as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 47], "content_span": [48, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072279-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 in film, Top ten money-making stars\nExhibitors selected the following as the Top Ten Money Making Stars of the Year in Quigley Publishing Company's annual poll. John Wayne became the first actor to regain the number one spot after losing that position.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 40], "content_span": [41, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072280-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 in fine arts of the Soviet Union\nThe year 1954 was marked by many events that left an imprint on the history of Soviet and Russian Fine Arts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072281-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 in jazz\nThis is a timeline documenting events of Jazz in the year 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 76]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072282-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 in literature\nThis article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072283-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 in motorsport\nThe following is an overview of the events of 1954 in motorsport including the major racing events, motorsport venues that were opened and closed during a year, championships and non-championship events that were established and disestablished in a year, and births and deaths of racing drivers and other motorsport people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072283-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 in motorsport, Annual events\nThe calendar includes only annual major non-championship events or annual events that had own significance separate from the championship. For the dates of the championship events see related season articles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 33], "content_span": [34, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072284-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 in music\nThis is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072284-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 in music, Biggest hit singles\nThe following singles achieved the highest  in the set of charts available for 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 34], "content_span": [35, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072284-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 in music, US No. 1 hit singles\nThese singles reached the top of US Billboard magazine's charts in 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 35], "content_span": [36, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072285-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 in paleontology\nPaleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072285-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 in paleontology, Plants, Angiosperms\nA Trochodendron wood species. Moved to Trochodendron beckii in 1982", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 41], "content_span": [42, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072285-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Dinosaurs\nA mamenchisaurid. The type species is M. constructus. This animal had a neck of more than 10 meters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 49], "content_span": [50, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072286-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 in poetry\nNationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072286-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 in poetry, Works published in English\nListed by nation where the work was first published and again by the poet's native land, if different; substantially revised works listed separately:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 42], "content_span": [43, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072286-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 in poetry, Works published in other languages, India\nIn each section, listed in alphabetical order by first name:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 57], "content_span": [58, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072286-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 in poetry, Births\nDeath years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072286-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 in poetry, Deaths\nBirth years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072287-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 in professional wrestling\n1954 in professional wrestling describes the year's events in the world of professional wrestling.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072288-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 in radio\nThe year 1954 saw a number of significant happenings in radio broadcasting history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072289-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 in rail transport\nThis article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072290-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 in science\nThe year 1954 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072291-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 in spaceflight\nThe year 1954 saw the conception of Project Orbiter, the first practicable satellite launching project, utilizing the Redstone, a newly developed Short Range Ballistic Missile.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072291-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 in spaceflight\nA variety of sounding rockets continued to return scientific data from beyond the 100 kilometres (62\u00a0mi) boundary of space (as defined by the World Air Sports Federation)., including the Viking and Aerobee rockets, University of Iowa and Naval Research Laboratory ship-launched rockoons, and derivatives of the Soviet R-1 missile. The French also launched their first sounding rocket into space, the V\u00e9ronique-NA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072291-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 in spaceflight\n1954 also marked a year of development of the Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM). The United States prioritized the development of its Atlas while the Soviet Union authorized the draft proposal for the R-7 Semyorka, its first ICBM.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072291-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 in spaceflight, Space exploration highlights, U.S. Navy\nAfter ten months of salvage, testing, and troubleshooting following the failed launch of Viking 10 on 30 June 1953, a successful static firing of the rebuilt rocket took place at the end of April 1954. Launch was scheduled for 4 May. Control issues revealed in the static firing as well as gusty, sand-laden winds caused a delay of three days.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 60], "content_span": [61, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072291-0003-0001", "contents": "1954 in spaceflight, Space exploration highlights, U.S. Navy\nAt 10:00 AM local time, Viking 10 blasted off from its pad at the White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico, reaching an altitude of 136\u00a0mi (219\u00a0km)\u2014a tie with the highest altitude ever reached by a first-generation Viking (Viking 7 on 7 August 1951). Data was received from the rocket for all stages of the flight, and its scientific package returned the first measurement of positive ion composition at high altitudes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 60], "content_span": [61, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072291-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 in spaceflight, Space exploration highlights, U.S. Navy\nViking 11, which was ready for erection on 5 May, also had a successful static test and was ready for launch, 24 May 1954. Again, the countdown went without hold, and Viking 11, the heaviest rocket yet in the series, was launched at 10:00 AM. Forty seconds into the flight, several puffs of smoke issued from the vehicle, but these accidental excitations of the rocket's roll jets did no harm. Viking 11 ultimately reached 158\u00a0mi (254\u00a0km) in altitude, a record for the series, snapping the highest altitude photographs of the Earth to date. Both Vikings 10 and 11 carried successful emulsions experiments, measuring cosmic rays at high altitudes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 60], "content_span": [61, 707]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072291-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 in spaceflight, Space exploration highlights, U.S. Navy\nThree more Viking flights were scheduled, one of which would fly in 1955, the other two later incorporated into the subsequent Project Vanguard.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 60], "content_span": [61, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072291-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 in spaceflight, Space exploration highlights, American civilian efforts\nFor the third summer in a row, members of the State University of Iowa (SUI) physics department embarked 15 July 1954 on an Atlantic expedition to launch a series of balloon-launched Deacon rockets (rockoons), this time aboard the icebreaker, USS Atka. Once again, a Naval Research Laboratory team accompanied them to launch their own rockoons. Beginning with the fourth SUI launch on 21 1954 off the northern tip of Labrador, eleven rockoon launches (seven of them successful) over a five-day period probed the heart of the auroral zone at high altitude. Each rockoon carried two geiger counters with different thicknesses of shielding; two of the flights determined that aurorae produced detectable \"soft\" (lower energy/penetrative) radiation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 76], "content_span": [77, 822]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072291-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 in spaceflight, Space exploration highlights, Scientific results\nBy 1954, the array of Viking, Aerobee, V-2, Deacon Rockoon, and other high altitude sounding rocket flights had returned a bonanza of knowledge about the upper atmosphere. Previously, it had been believed that, at altitudes above 20\u00a0mi (32\u00a0km), Earth's atmosphere was highly stratified and peaceful, an indefinite continuation of the stratosphere. Rocket research discovered winds, turbulence, and mixing up to heights of 80\u00a0mi (130\u00a0km), and wind velocities of 180\u00a0mph (290\u00a0km/h) were measured 125\u00a0mi (201\u00a0km) above the Earth's surface.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 69], "content_span": [70, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072291-0007-0001", "contents": "1954 in spaceflight, Space exploration highlights, Scientific results\nThe density of the upper atmosphere was found to be thinner than expected: the estimated average distance an air atom or molecule must travel before colliding with another (mean free path) was refined to .5\u00a0mi (0.80\u00a0km). Ionized particles were discovered in what were previously thought to be distinct gaps between the E and F layers in the ionosphere.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 69], "content_span": [70, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072291-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 in spaceflight, Space exploration highlights, Scientific results\nSounding rockets returned the first measurements of extraterrestrial X-rays, blocked from observation from the ground by the lower layers of the atmosphere. It was determined that these X-rays were one of the major producers of atmospheric ionization. Ultraviolet radiation was extensively observed as well as its contribution to the ozone layer. Solar radiation data determined that the Sun was hotter than had been calculated from strictly earthbound measurements. Cosmic rays were found to consist mainly of protons, alpha particles, and heavier atomic nuclei; the range of measured elements extended to iron, with greater abundance in even mass numbered elements.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 69], "content_span": [70, 737]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072291-0009-0000", "contents": "1954 in spaceflight, Vehicle development, U.S. Air Force\nOn February 1, 1954, the Strategic Missiles Evaluation Committee or 'Teapot Committee', comprising eleven of the top scientists and engineers in the country, issued a report recommending prioritization of the development of the Atlas, the nation's first ICBM. Trevor Gardner, special assistant for research and development to Secretary of the Air Force, Harold Talbott, selected Ramo Wooldridge (R-W) to handle the systems engineering and technical direction for the entire project, a considerable expansion of duties for the year-old company, which had hitherto been contracted by the Air Force to advise and perform research. From spring 1954 through the end of the year, R-W's work was confined to the evaluation of the project and the accumulation of personnel to handle development of the ICBM. Convair, which had been developing the Atlas for the prior eight years, remained the manufacturer of the missile proper.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 56], "content_span": [57, 977]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072291-0010-0000", "contents": "1954 in spaceflight, Vehicle development, U.S. Air Force\nThe public first became aware of the Atlas project with the publication of the 8 March 1954 issue of Aviation Weekly, in which appeared the short item: \"Convair is developing a long range ballistic missile known as the Atlas. Its development was begun in the era when Floyd Odlum's Atlas Corp. was the controlling stockholder in Convair.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 56], "content_span": [57, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072291-0011-0000", "contents": "1954 in spaceflight, Vehicle development, U.S. Air Force\nBefore the Teapot commission had determined the likely weight of a thermonuclear payload, the Atlas specification had called for a missile 90\u00a0ft (27\u00a0m) long and 10\u00a0ft (3.0\u00a0m) wide, carrying five rocket engines, and a full-scale wooden model as well as a metal test example of the tank were built in 1954. By the time the design was frozen at the end of the year, the specifications had been downscaled to 75\u00a0ft (23\u00a0m) long, retaining the same width, and the number of engines was reduced to three.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 56], "content_span": [57, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072291-0012-0000", "contents": "1954 in spaceflight, Vehicle development, Project Orbiter\nBy 1954, there was growing consensus in the United States that rocket technology had evolved to the point the launch of an Earth orbiting satellite was becoming feasible. A 16 March meeting in Washington D.C. involving several of the nation's leading space specialists was arranged by past president of the American Rocket Society Frederick C. Durant III. They included Fred Singer, proposer of the \"MOUSE\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 57], "content_span": [58, 464]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072291-0012-0001", "contents": "1954 in spaceflight, Vehicle development, Project Orbiter\n(Minimum Orbiting Unmanned Satellite of the Earth), rocket scientist Wernher von Braun, David Young of the Army Ballistic Missile Agency, Commander George Hoover and Alexander Satin of the Air Branch of the Office of Naval Research (ONR), and noted astronomer, Fred Whipple. They determined that a slightly modified Redstone (a 200 miles (320\u00a0km)) range surface-to-surface missile developed the prior year) combined with upper stages employing 31 Loki solid-propellant rockets could put a 5\u00a0lb (2.3\u00a0kg) satellite into orbit, which could be tracked optically.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 57], "content_span": [58, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072291-0013-0000", "contents": "1954 in spaceflight, Vehicle development, Project Orbiter\nWhipple approached the National Science Foundation (NSF) to sponsor a conference for further study of the idea, particularly to develop instrumentation for a satellite. The NSF took no immediate action. Hoover, however, was able to secure interest from the ONR, and by November 1954, a satellite-launching plan had been developed. Dubbed Project Orbiter, the \"no-cost satellite\" would be built largely from existing hardware; the Army would design and construct the booster system (using Redstone and Loki) while the Navy would handle creation of the satellite, tracking facilities, and the acquisition and analysis of data. By the end of the year, ONR had let $60,000 in three contracts for feasibility studies and initial design.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 57], "content_span": [58, 789]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072291-0014-0000", "contents": "1954 in spaceflight, Vehicle development, Soviet Union\nThe R-5 missile, able to carry the same 1,000 kilograms (2,200\u00a0lb) payload as the R-1 and R-2 but over a distance of 1,200 kilometres (750\u00a0mi) underwent its third series of test launches, beginning 12 August 1954 and continuing through 7 February 1955. These tests confirmed the soundness of the design and cleared the way for nuclear and sounding rocket variants.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 54], "content_span": [55, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072291-0015-0000", "contents": "1954 in spaceflight, Vehicle development, Soviet Union\nParalleling developments in the United States, 1954 marked the authorization of the R-7 Semyorka ICBM (on 20 May). Mikhail Tikhonravov, whose team at had completed the ICBM studies that formed the conceptual framework for the R-7, on 27 May, at the urging of OKB-1 Chief Designer Sergei Korolev, submitted a memorandum entitled, \"A Report on an Artificial Satellite of the Earth\" to Deputy Minister of Medium Machine Building Vasiliy Rabikov and Georgiy Pashkov, Rabikov's department chief in charge of missiles. This memorandum, containing summaries of both Soviet research of recent years as well as translations of Western articles on satellites, served as the catalyst for the Soviet satellite program.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 54], "content_span": [55, 761]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072292-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 in sports\n1954 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 73]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072293-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 in television\nThe year 1954 in television involved some significant events. Below is a list of television-related events in 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072294-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 in the Belgian Congo\nThe following lists events that happened during 1954 in the Belgian Congo.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072295-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 in the Philippines\n1954 in the Philippines details events of note that happened in the Philippines in 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072296-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 in the Soviet Union\nThe following lists events that happened during 1954 in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072299-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 in the environment\nThis is a list of notable events relating to the environment in 1954. They relate to environmental law, conservation, environmentalism and environmental issues.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072300-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 transfer of Crimea\nThe transfer of the Crimean Oblast in 1954 was an administrative action of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union, which transferred the government of the Crimean Peninsula from the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic to the Ukrainian SSR.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072300-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 transfer of Crimea, Decree\nOn 19 February 1954, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union issued a decree transferring the Crimean Oblast from the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic to the Ukrainian SSR. The documents which are now housed at the State Archive of the Russian Federation (GARF) do confirm that the move was originally approved by the Presidium of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) on 25 January 1954, paving the way for the authorizing resolution of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union three weeks later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072300-0001-0001", "contents": "1954 transfer of Crimea, Decree\nAccording to the Soviet Constitution (article 18), the borders of a republic within the Soviet Union could not be re-drawn without the agreement of the republic in question. The transfer was approved by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union. The constitutional change (articles 22 and 23) to accommodate the transfer was made several days after the decree issued by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072300-0002-0000", "contents": "1954 transfer of Crimea, Decree\nThe decree was first announced, on the front page of Pravda, on 27 February 1954. The full text of the decree was:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072300-0003-0000", "contents": "1954 transfer of Crimea, Decree\nOn April 26, 1954 The decree of the Presidium of the USSR Supreme Soviet transferring the Crimea Oblast from the Russian SFSR to the Ukrainian SSR. Taking into account the integral character of the economy, the territorial proximity and the close economic and cultural ties between the Crimea Province and the Ukrainian SSR, the Presidium of the USSR Supreme Soviet decrees:To approve the joint presentation of the Presidium of the Russian SFSR Supreme Soviet and the Presidium of the Ukrainian SSR Supreme Soviet on the transfer of the Crimea Province from the Russian SFSR to the Ukrainian SSR.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 628]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072300-0004-0000", "contents": "1954 transfer of Crimea, Decree\nConsequently, amendments were made to the republican constitutions of Russia and Ukraine. On 2 June 1954 the Supreme Soviet of Russia adopted amendments to the Russian Constitution of 1937, which, among other things, excluded Crimea from list of subdivisions enumerated in article 14, and on 17 June 1954, the Verkhovna Rada added Crimea to article 18 of the 1937 Constitution of the Ukrainian SSR.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072300-0005-0000", "contents": "1954 transfer of Crimea, Question of constitutionality\nAccording to a 2009 article on Russian website Pravda.ru, the Presidium of the Supreme Council gathered for a session on 19 February 1954 when only 13 of 27 members were present. There was no quorum, but the decision was adopted unanimously.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 54], "content_span": [55, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072300-0006-0000", "contents": "1954 transfer of Crimea, Question of constitutionality\nThe earlier published documents and materials that have emerged more recently confirm that the transfer of Crimea from the Russian SFSR to the Ukrainian SSR was carried out in accordance with the 1936 Soviet constitution, which in Article 18 stipulated that \"the territory of a Union Republic may not be altered without its consent.\" The proceedings of the USSR Supreme Soviet Presidium meeting indicate that both the Russian SFSR and the Ukrainian SSR had given their consent via their republic parliaments.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 54], "content_span": [55, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072300-0007-0000", "contents": "1954 transfer of Crimea, Question of constitutionality\nOn 27 June 2015, after the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation, the Office of the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation accepted the request of the leader of A Just Russia party, Sergey Mironov, to evaluate the legitimacy of 1954 transfer of Crimea and stated that the transfer violated both the Constitution of the Russian SFSR and the Constitution of the Soviet Union.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 54], "content_span": [55, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072300-0007-0001", "contents": "1954 transfer of Crimea, Question of constitutionality\nThe text of the document signed by Russian Deputy Prosecutor General Sabir Kekhlerov stated: \"Neither the Constitution of the RSFSR or the USSR Constitution provide powers of the Presidium Supreme Soviet of the USSR for the consideration of the changes in the constitutional legal status of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, members of the union republics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 54], "content_span": [55, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072300-0007-0002", "contents": "1954 transfer of Crimea, Question of constitutionality\nIn view of the above, the decision adopted in 1954 by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviets of the RSFSR and the Soviet on the transfer of the Crimean region of the RSFSR to the USSR, did not correspond to the Constitution (Fundamental Law) of the RSFSR and the Constitution (Fundamental Law) of the USSR.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 54], "content_span": [55, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072300-0008-0000", "contents": "1954 transfer of Crimea, Complications of the \"personal gesture\"\nThe transfer of the Crimean Oblast to Ukraine has been described as a \"symbolic gesture\", marking the 300th anniversary of the 1654 Treaty of Pereyaslav. That \"symbolic gesture\" came out as a post factum and was never discussed as one of the reasons prior to the transfer. It was also attributed to Nikita Khrushchev, although the person who signed the document was Kliment Voroshilov.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 64], "content_span": [65, 450]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072300-0009-0000", "contents": "1954 transfer of Crimea, Complications of the \"personal gesture\"\nNina Khrushcheva, the political scientist and great-granddaughter of Nikita Khrushchev, the then General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union said of Khrushchev's motivation \"it was somewhat symbolic, somewhat trying to reshuffle the centralized system and also, full disclosure, Nikita Khrushchev was very fond of Ukraine, so I think to some degree it was also a personal gesture toward his favorite republic. He was ethnically Russian, but he really felt great affinity with Ukraine.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 64], "content_span": [65, 567]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072300-0009-0001", "contents": "1954 transfer of Crimea, Complications of the \"personal gesture\"\nSergei Khrushchev, Khrushchev's son, claimed that the decision was due to the building of a hydro-electric dam on the Dnieper River and the consequent desire for all the administration to be under one body. Sevastopol in Crimea being the site of the Soviet Black Sea Fleet, a quintessential element of Russian and then of Soviet foreign policy, the transfer had the intended effect of binding Ukraine inexorably to Russia, \"Eternally Together\", as a poster commemorating the event of 1954 proclaimed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 64], "content_span": [65, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072300-0010-0000", "contents": "1954 transfer of Crimea, Complications of the \"personal gesture\"\nThe transfer was described by some of the Supreme Soviet as a gift to commemorate the 300th anniversary of the Treaty of Pereyaslav in 1654 when the Cossack Rada apparently decided to unify with Muscovy, putting in place the eventual acquisition of Ukraine by Russia. Other reasons given were the integration of the economies of Ukraine and Crimea and the idea that Crimea was a natural extension of the Ukrainian steppes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 64], "content_span": [65, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072300-0011-0000", "contents": "1954 transfer of Crimea, Complications of the \"personal gesture\"\nThere was also a desire to repopulate parts of the Crimea with Slavic peoples after the peninsula was subject to large-scale expulsions of Crimean Tatars to Central Asia in 1944.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 64], "content_span": [65, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072300-0012-0000", "contents": "1954 transfer of Crimea, Aftermath\nThe transfer increased the ethnic Russian population of Ukraine by almost a million people. Prominent Russian politicians such as Alexander Rutskoy considered the transfer to be controversial. Controversies surrounding the legality of the transfer remained a sore point in relations between Ukraine and Russia for the first few years after the breakup of the Soviet Union, and in particular in the internal politics of the Crimea. However, in a 1997 treaty between the Russian Federation and Ukraine, Russia recognized Ukraine's borders, and accepted Ukraine's sovereignty over Crimea.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 34], "content_span": [35, 620]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072300-0013-0000", "contents": "1954 transfer of Crimea, Aftermath\nIn January 1992, the Supreme Soviet of Russia questioned the constitutionality of the transfer, accusing Nikita Khrushchev of treason against the Russian people and said that the transfer was illegitimate. Alexander Rutskoy, the former Vice President of Russia, said that this was a \u201charebrained scheme\u201d for which Khrushchev was famous saying that those who signed the document must have been suffering from sunstroke or hangovers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 34], "content_span": [35, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072300-0014-0000", "contents": "1954 transfer of Crimea, Aftermath\nThere was confusion about the status of Sevastopol and whether it was a part of the transfer as it had a degree of independence from the Crimean Oblast and never formally ratified the transfer, although it was later mentioned as Ukrainian territory in the Soviet Constitution and the Belavezha Accords between Ukraine and Russia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 34], "content_span": [35, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072300-0015-0000", "contents": "1954 transfer of Crimea, Aftermath\nIn 1994, a Russian nationalist administration under Yuriy Meshkov took over in Crimea with the promise to return Crimea to Russia, although these plans were later shelved.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 34], "content_span": [35, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072300-0016-0000", "contents": "1954 transfer of Crimea, Aftermath\nAfter the overthrow of President Victor Yanukovych during the 2014 Ukrainian revolution, the territories of Sevastopol and Crimea were seized by the Russian Federation; the annexation was formalized following an unconstitutional referendum in which 96% of the Crimean population purportedly voted \"Yes.\" This move was denounced by the new Ukrainian government and disregarded by most UN states, which continue to recognize Crimea as part of Ukraine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 34], "content_span": [35, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072300-0016-0001", "contents": "1954 transfer of Crimea, Aftermath\nThe Venice Commission (an advisory body of the Council of Europe in the field of constitutional law) issued an opinion in 2014, concluding that the referendum was illegal under the Ukrainian constitution and that \"circumstances in Crimea did not allow the holding of a referendum in line with European democratic standards.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 34], "content_span": [35, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072301-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 \u00c5landic legislative election\nLegislative elections were held the \u00c5land Islands on 15 June 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072302-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 \u00darvalsdeild, Overview\nIt was contested by 6 teams, and \u00cdA won the championship. \u00cdA's R\u00edkhar\u00f0ur J\u00f3nsson was the top scorer with 6 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 26], "content_span": [27, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072303-0000-0000", "contents": "1954 \u00darvalsdeild karla\nThe 1954 Icelandic Basketball Tournament was the 3rd season of the top tier men's basketball league in Iceland. The season started on April 26, 1954 and ended on April 28, 1954. \u00cdR won its first title by posting the best record in the league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072303-0001-0000", "contents": "1954 \u00darvalsdeild karla, Competition format\nThe participating teams played each other once for a total of 2 games. The top team won the national championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 42], "content_span": [43, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072304-0000-0000", "contents": "1954/1955 News of the World Snooker Tournament\nThe 1954/1955 News of the World Snooker Tournament was a professional snooker tournament sponsored by the News of the World. The tournament was won by Jackie Rea who won all of his 8 matches. He finished ahead of Joe Davis who won 6 matches. The News of the World Snooker Tournament ran from 1949/50 to 1959 but this was the last to be held at Leicester Square Hall, which closed soon after the end of the tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 464]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072304-0001-0000", "contents": "1954/1955 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Format\nThe 1954/55 event was a round-robin snooker tournament and was played from 6 September 1954 to 15 January 1955. All matches were played at Leicester Square Hall in London. There were 9 competitors and a total of 36 matches. The competitors were Joe Davis, Fred Davis, Walter Donaldson, John Barrie, Albert Brown, Alec Brown, John Pulman, Jackie Rea and qualifier Kingsley Kennerley. Each match lasted three days and was the best of 37 frames.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 54], "content_span": [55, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072304-0002-0000", "contents": "1954/1955 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Format\nEach match was separately handicapped. Joe Davis played level with Fred Davis and gave Walter Donaldson and John Pulman 14, Albert Brown 18, Alec Brown 23, John Barrie 24, Jackie Rea and Kingsley Kennerley 25. Fred Davis gave John Pulman 10, Walter Donaldson 12, Albert Brown and John Barrie 14, Alec Brown 16, Jackie Rea 18 and Kingsley Kennerley 21. Walter Donaldson played level with John Pulman and gave Albert Brown and John Barrie 12, Alec Brown 14, Jackie Rea 16 and Kingsley Kennerley 18.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 54], "content_span": [55, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072304-0002-0001", "contents": "1954/1955 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Format\nJohn Pulman gave Albert Brown 5, Alec Brown 10, John Barrie 14, Jackie Rea 16 and Kingsley Kennerley 18. Albert Brown played level with Alec Brown and John Barrie and gave Kingsley Kennerley 12 and Jackie Rea 14. John Barrie played level with Alec Brown 0 and Jackie Rea and Kingsley Kennerley 7. Alec Brown gave Jackie Rea 5 and Kingsley Kennerley 12. Jackie Rea gave Kingsley Kennerley 7.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 54], "content_span": [55, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072304-0003-0000", "contents": "1954/1955 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Results\nJoe Davis made a break of 146 on 7 December, the second day of his match against Albert Brown. He potted a pink after his fourth red. The break equalled Davis's own record break, set on 1 March 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 55], "content_span": [56, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072304-0004-0000", "contents": "1954/1955 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Results\nJackie Rea won all his 8 matches, clinching victory after his 19\u201318 win against John Barrie on 15 December.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 55], "content_span": [56, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072304-0005-0000", "contents": "1954/1955 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Results\nThe match between Joe Davis and his brother, Fred was the last competitive match played at Leicester Square Hall before it closed. Joe won the match 19\u201318 and made a 137 clearance on the final day. The following Saturday, Joe Davis compiled the first officially recognised maximum break in a match against 68-year-old fellow Englishman Willie Smith. The match between Davis and Smith was played as part of a series of events marking the closure of the hall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 55], "content_span": [56, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072304-0006-0000", "contents": "1954/1955 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Results\nThe positions were determined firstly by the number of matches won (MW) and, in the event of a tie, the number of frames won (FW). The result of the match between Albert Brown and Alec Brown is not known. Albert Brown led 15\u20139 after the second day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 55], "content_span": [56, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072304-0007-0000", "contents": "1954/1955 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Qualifying\nThe qualifying tournament was held from 6 to 15 May 1954. These matches were also played at Leicester Square Hall in London. There were 3 competitors: Kingsley Kennerley, Sydney Lee and Harry Stokes. Like the main event, each match lasted three days and was the best of 37 frames. Kennerley won both his matches to qualify. Stokes beat Lee in the other match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 58], "content_span": [59, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072304-0008-0000", "contents": "1954/1955 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Broadcasting\nThe BBC showed three short, 30 minute, TV programmes during the matches between Joe Davis and John Pulman on 8 October, between John Pulman and John Barrie on 28 December, and between Walter Donaldson and John Pulman on 12 January. The commentator on each occasion was Sidney Smith.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072305-0000-0000", "contents": "1954/55 NTFL season\nThe 1954/55 NTFL season was the 34th season of the Northern Territory Football League (NTFL).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072305-0001-0000", "contents": "1954/55 NTFL season\nSt Marys have won there 1st premiership title while defeating the Buffaloes in the grand final by 30 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072306-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u20131955 Israeli Basketball League\nThe 1954\u201355 Israeli Basketball League season was the 2nd season of top division basketball in Israel. The league was played over regular season only, with the top placed team winning the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072306-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u20131955 Israeli Basketball League, Standings\nSource: Pts=Points, P=Matches played, W=Matches won, L=Matches lost, F=Points for, A=Points against, D=Points difference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 46], "content_span": [47, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072307-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 1re s\u00e9rie season\nThe 1954\u201355 1re s\u00e9rie season was the 34th season of the 1re s\u00e9rie, the top level of ice hockey in France. Chamonix Hockey Club won their 15th league title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072308-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 A.C. Milan season\nDuring 1954-55 season Associazione Calcio Milan competed in Serie A and Coppa Latina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072308-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 A.C. Milan season, Summary\nAimed with the goals of Gunnar Nordahl and the arrival of uruguayan Juan Alberto Schiaffino from Pe\u00f1arol, the team clinched its domestic title. Manager B\u00e9la Guttman was fired in February replaced by Uruguayan Hector Puricelli in a move to boost the players moral being crucial to win the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 34], "content_span": [35, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072308-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 A.C. Milan season, Squad\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 32], "content_span": [33, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072309-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 AHL season\nThe 1954\u201355 AHL season was the 19th season of the American Hockey League. Six teams played 64 games each in the schedule. The \"Carl Liscombe Trophy\" for the league's top scorer is renamed to the John B. Sollenberger Trophy. The All-Star game is revived, with the AHL All-Stars taking on the defending champions Calder Cup champions from the previous season. The Pittsburgh Hornets finished first overall in the regular season, and won their second Calder Cup championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072309-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 AHL season, Final standings\nNote: GP = Games played; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; GF = Goals for; GA = Goals against; Pts = Points;", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 35], "content_span": [36, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072309-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 AHL season, Scoring leaders\nNote: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; PIM = Penalty minutes", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 35], "content_span": [36, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072309-0003-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 AHL season, All Star Classic\nThe second AHL All-Star game was played on October 27, 1954, after a 12-year hiatus. The defending Calder Cup champions Cleveland Barons lost 7-3 to the AHL All-Stars, in a game played at the Hershey Sports Arena, in Hershey, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 36], "content_span": [37, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072310-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Aberdeen F.C. season\nThe 1954\u201355 season was Aberdeen's 42nd season in the top flight of Scottish football and their 44th season overall. Aberdeen competed in the Scottish League Division One, Scottish League Cup, and the Scottish Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072311-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Allsvenskan, Overview\nThe league was contested by 12 teams, with Djurg\u00e5rdens IF winning the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 29], "content_span": [30, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072312-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Allsvenskan (men's handball)\nThe 1954\u201355 Allsvenskan was the 21st season of the top division of Swedish handball. 10 teams competed in the league. IK Heim won the league and claimed their second Swedish title. Redbergslids IK and Sk\u00f6vde AIK were relegated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072314-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Arkansas Razorbacks men's basketball team\nThe 1954\u20131955 Arkansas Razorbacks men's basketball team represented the University of Arkansas in the 1954\u20131955 college basketball season. The Hogs were coached by Glen Rose, in his third season of his second stint as head coach of the basketball team and twelfth season overall coaching Arkansas. The Razorbacks played their home games in the Men's Gymnasium, their eighteenth and final season there before moving into what would become known as Barnhill Arena. Arkansas had an overall record of 14\u20139 with an 8\u20134 record in Southwest Conference play, finishing in a tie for second place in the league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 651]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072315-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Arsenal F.C. season\nDuring the 1954\u201355 English football season, Arsenal F.C. competed in the Football League First Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072315-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Arsenal F.C. season, Season summary\nA lacklustre start to the season resulted in three consecutive defeats. This record poor start would last for 67 years, until Mikel Arteta's Arsenal side in 2021-2022 went on to lose the first three games of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072315-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Arsenal F.C. season, Squad\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 34], "content_span": [35, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072316-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Ashes series\nThe 1954\u201355 Ashes series between Australia and England consisted of five Test cricket matches, each of six days duration with five hours play each day and eight ball overs. It formed part of the MCC tour of Australia in 1954\u201355 and the English team in matches outside the Tests were styled Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC). England were captained by Len Hutton, the first professional cricketer to lead an MCC tour of Australia. The Australian team under Ian Johnson were confident of victory but, despite losing the first Test by an innings, England won the series 3\u20131 and retained the Ashes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 611]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072316-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Ashes series\nEngland were the first touring team to win a series in Australia since 1932\u201333 and the last until 1970\u201371. They were the second of only three touring teams to win a series in Australia from behind, the other two being England in 1911\u201312 and the West Indies in 1992\u201393. The tour is best remembered for the bowling of Frank Tyson, who was at the time regarded as arguably the fastest and most frightening bowler ever seen in Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072316-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, Preliminaries\nThe England spinners had been out of form in the last few games, so the tour selectors (Geoffrey Howard, Len Hutton, Peter May, Bill Edrich and Godfrey Evans) chose four pace bowlers and Hutton was committed to bowling first, though this appears to have been his intention since the start of the tour. He was only the second England captain to play a Test match without a spinner, the first being Douglas Jardine in the second Test at Melbourne in 1932\u201333, a match England lost by 111 runs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 58], "content_span": [59, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072316-0002-0001", "contents": "1954\u201355 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, Preliminaries\nWicket-keeper Evans missed the Test because of heat-stroke and was replaced by debutant Keith Andrew. Colin Cowdrey, who had made 110 and 103 in the New South Wales match, and Les Favell, who had opened with 84 and 47 for South Australia against the tourists, also made their debuts. Reg Simpson opened with Hutton after his century against Queensland and the out of form Edrich had to come in at number three. There were worries about Ray Lindwall's gastric problems and Alec Bedser's undiagnosed rash, but in the end both were deemed fit to play. Remembering Bedser's hold over the Australian batsmen and that England still held the Ashes, the Australian bookies gave the two sides even odds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 58], "content_span": [59, 753]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072316-0003-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, Australia \u2013 first innings\nHutton had lost the toss five times in a row in 1953, but this time he won it and he became the first England captain to put Australia in to bat since 1911\u201312. He then watched his fielders drop 14 catches as Australia piled up 601/8 declared. Andrew dropped Arthur Morris off Bedser on 0, allowing the Australian opener to make 153, adding 202 in 232 minutes for the third wicket with Neil Harvey (162). Bedser had a rash all over his back, but bowled on regardless for 1/131 as another six catches were dropped off his bowling.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 70], "content_span": [71, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072316-0003-0001", "contents": "1954\u201355 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, Australia \u2013 first innings\nHis ungainly fielding led to him being barracked by the crowd, calling \"Old Man\" whenever he stopped the ball. Frank Tyson, labouring under a 38-yard run up, went for 1/160 off 29 eight ball overs, but battered the batsmen with bouncers and bruised Morris on the arm several times. He also bowled short and fast at Lindwall after the all-rounder had despatched him to the boundary on his way to 64 not out, which would have serious repercussions in the second Test at Sydney. \"We dropped a considerable number of catches,\" recalled wicket-keeper Andrew.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 70], "content_span": [71, 624]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072316-0003-0002", "contents": "1954\u201355 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, Australia \u2013 first innings\n\"Neither were we the fittest team in the world. Denis Compton broke a finger fielding on the first day and Bedser was never well, as was proved when it was discovered that he had developed shingles. One or two of us also got a touch of the sun, but there was no way of getting away from the fact that 'catches win matches'. \"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 70], "content_span": [71, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072316-0004-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, England \u2013 first innings\nWhen they finally got to bat on the third day England quickly collapsed to 25/4, but then debutant Cowdrey made 40, adding 72 for the 5th wicket with Trevor Bailey who ground out 88 over 283 minutes. With the \"Barnacle\" immobile at one end \u2013 he took 160 minutes to reach 38 \u2013 the Australian bowlers worked their way through the tail until Compton, who had broken the metacarpal bone in his hand on the boundary fence, came in at number eleven. Before the match a local businessman had promised \u00a3100 to the first English batsman to hit a six. Realising that the innings was soon to close, Bailey hit Ian Johnson into the stands to claim the prize. The wickets were shared among the Australian bowlers: Lindwall was the best with 3/27 and Johnson took 3/46.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 68], "content_span": [69, 824]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072316-0005-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, England \u2013 second innings\nForced to follow on 411 runs behind England did better in the second innings, losing only two early wickets instead of four. Edrich made a battling 88 and put on 124 for the 3rd wicket with May (44), but when Bailey was out for 23 the tail collapsed from 220/5 to 257 all out despite Tyson making his highest Test score of 37 not out. The wickets were again distributed amongst the bowlers with Richie Benaud taking 3/43.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 69], "content_span": [70, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072316-0006-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, England \u2013 second innings\nThe newspapers widely criticised Hutton's decision to put Australia in to bat, though they accepted he would have done better if England had held onto their chances in the field. Only once before had a team come from behind to win in Australia. That was in the 1911\u201312 series when Sydney Barnes rescued England after they had lost the first Test. Johnson had more than confirmed his place as Australian captain, the result being the biggest Australian victory over England since they won by an innings and 332 runs in the .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 69], "content_span": [70, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072316-0007-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, Result\nAustralia won by an innings and 154 runs to take a 1\u20130 lead in the series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 51], "content_span": [52, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072316-0008-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Ashes series, Second Test \u2013 Sydney, Preliminaries\nAndrew, Simpson and Bedser were dropped from the England team. Andrew was not surprised as Evans was fit again but it annoyed Simpson and devastated Bedser, who had been the bedrock of England's bowling since the war. Bob Appleyard and Johnny Wardle were selected and Tom Graveney stood in for the injured Compton. Australia were not without their troubles as both Johnson and Keith Miller were unfit to play. Batsman Jim Burke and all-rounder Alan Davidson, both of New South Wales, were brought in as replacements. Vice-captain Morris led the team with Benaud as his vice-captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 57], "content_span": [58, 640]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072316-0009-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Ashes series, Second Test \u2013 Sydney, England \u2013 first innings\nMorris won the toss and, like Hutton at Brisbane, put the opposition in, but this time on a fast, green wicket. Here the similarity ended as the Australian bowlers turned up trumps, helped by some superb fielding. Bailey, acting as makeshift opener, was out for a duck (after 37 minutes) and wickets continued to fall at regular intervals, Ron Archer (3/12) and Bill Johnston (3/56) took most of the wickets and Davidson dismissed Hutton. Only Wardle's top scoring 35 \u2013 adding 43 for the last wicket with Brian Statham \u2013 managed to pull England up to 154.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 67], "content_span": [68, 623]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072316-0010-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Ashes series, Second Test \u2013 Sydney, Australia \u2013 first innings\nAustralia replied with 228, the top nine batsmen getting into double figures, but no one reached 50. Archer equalled his best Test score of 49 and Burke made 44. Bailey opened the bowling as well as the batting and took 4/59, but the talking point was Tyson. With his \"short\" run up of 18-20 yards, he took 4/45, described vividly by Margaret Hughes of The Times, who wrote: \"Harvey received a beast of a ball from Tyson which spat up at him and splashed off his bat to Cowdrey\". Lindwall had bowled Tyson for a duck in the England first innings and was bounced again by the England fast bowler.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 69], "content_span": [70, 665]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072316-0011-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Ashes series, Second Test \u2013 Sydney, England \u2013 second innings\nWith Australia 74 ahead on first innings, runs were imperative for England, but they fell to 55/3 before May (104) and Cowdrey (54) came together and made a disciplined stand of 116 for the fourth wicket. May added another 51 with Edrich before being bowled by Lindwall. Strangely, Tyson was put in to bat at number seven above Test centurion Evans. Lindwall boasted that he never bowled short at tail-enders (which didn't bother Tyson), but someone coming to bat at number seven can be regarded as an all-rounder.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 68], "content_span": [69, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072316-0011-0001", "contents": "1954\u201355 Ashes series, Second Test \u2013 Sydney, England \u2013 second innings\nLindwall bounced Tyson, who caught the ball on the back of his head and collapsed at the wicket. The Australians anxiously gathered around. Players did not wear protective helmets in the 1950s and Tyson had to be helped off the field and taken to hospital for x-rays. He returned to bat later and was cheered by the crowd. He made another eight runs before being bowled by Lindwall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 68], "content_span": [69, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072316-0011-0002", "contents": "1954\u201355 Ashes series, Second Test \u2013 Sydney, England \u2013 second innings\nEngland crashed from 222/4 to 250/9 and once again it was up to the last wicket pair \u2013 this time Appleyard (19 not out) and Statham (25) \u2013 to add 46 vital runs, taking the score to 296. The strength of the Australian bowling attack prevented any one man taking the lion's share, Archer (3/53), Lindwall (3/69) and Bill Johnston (3/70) sharing the wickets between them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 68], "content_span": [69, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072316-0012-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Ashes series, Second Test \u2013 Sydney, Australia \u2013 second innings\nAustralia needed 223 runs to win in over four sessions, which was seen as none too difficult, especially if Tyson was affected by his injury. Instead, Tyson was very angry and ready to exact revenge. The Australians were afraid that he would send down a barrage of fast, short-pitched bowling, but Tyson was intelligent enough to bowl full length deliveries that caught them unprepared.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 70], "content_span": [71, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072316-0012-0001", "contents": "1954\u201355 Ashes series, Second Test \u2013 Sydney, Australia \u2013 second innings\nStatham bowled the first over from the Paddington End into a \"half a gale\", while Tyson tore down the slope from the Randwick End and, with the wind behind him, bowled \"as fast as man has ever bowled\". Statham was unlucky when Favell was dropped in the first over and Morris was beaten four times before being trapped leg before wicket in the last over before tea, when Australia were 27/1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 70], "content_span": [71, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072316-0012-0002", "contents": "1954\u201355 Ashes series, Second Test \u2013 Sydney, Australia \u2013 second innings\nIn the first over after tea, Favell was out after a ball from Tyson ricocheted off his bat and carried 120 feet to Edrich in the slips, who caught it chest-high. Somehow, Burke and Harvey survived the session as they played and missed when Tyson made the ball rear up from a length. Burke didn't score for almost an hour, but by the end of the day they were 72/2 and Australia needed only 151 more runs for victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 70], "content_span": [71, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072316-0013-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Ashes series, Second Test \u2013 Sydney, Australia \u2013 second innings\nBurke did not long survive the morning as Tyson moved a ball back up the hill to flatten his stumps. Graeme Hole had a high backlift and failed to get his bat down in time to trap a yorker and was clean bowled by Tyson at 77/4. Hutton now rested his fast bowlers and brought on Bailey and Appleyard to slow down the scoring and tie up the batsman. Benaud was not a patient batsman and took a swipe at Appleyard but he hit it sky high to Tyson in the deep.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 70], "content_span": [71, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072316-0013-0001", "contents": "1954\u201355 Ashes series, Second Test \u2013 Sydney, Australia \u2013 second innings\nHe only managed to snatch it inches above the grass to have Australia 102/5. Harvey was now getting into his stride and in what some observers thought was his best innings, he counter-attacked the bowling, cutting short balls and clipping anything on his pads through the leg side and once hooking Tyson over fine leg's head for four. By lunch, Harvey and Archer had taken the score to 118/5 and, for as long as Harvey was in, the Australians thought they could win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 70], "content_span": [71, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072316-0013-0002", "contents": "1954\u201355 Ashes series, Second Test \u2013 Sydney, Australia \u2013 second innings\nAfter the interval, Tyson and Statham were brought back on with immediate results as Tyson felled Archer's stumps. Davidson lasted only six balls before he was caught by Evans off Statham. Statham as usual was unerringly accurate, conceding only 45 runs off 19 eight-ball overs. Tyson, much less accurate, conceded runs at double that rate. Graveney recalled that he was fielding in the slips and having to stand 40 yards off the bat, but the ball was still going over their heads from edged shots. Lindwall came in fearing the bouncer, and it was his undoing as he turned a Tyson half-volley into a yorker by playing off the back foot and was bowled.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 70], "content_span": [71, 722]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072316-0014-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Ashes series, Second Test \u2013 Sydney, Australia \u2013 second innings\nHarvey now started to farm the bowling, trying to protect the tail-enders from Tyson and Statham, but Gil Langley was bowled by Statham for a duck to leave Australia 145/9. Last man Johnston was in and Australia still needed 78 to win but, protected by Harvey, he only had to face 16 balls in the next 40 minutes. Tyson recalled that Johnston did his bit for his team \"with true Aussie grit\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 70], "content_span": [71, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072316-0014-0001", "contents": "1954\u201355 Ashes series, Second Test \u2013 Sydney, Australia \u2013 second innings\nFinally, Tyson bowled a ball close to Johnston's body on the advice of Statham and a thin edge was enough for Evans to finish the innings and the match. Johnston was out for 11 while Harvey had made a defiant, unbeaten 92, which was exactly half the Australian total of 184. England won by 38 runs. Tyson had powered his way through the Australian batting, taking 6/85 (10\u2013130 in the match) with Statham (3/45) in indefatigable support.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 70], "content_span": [71, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072316-0015-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Ashes series, Second Test \u2013 Sydney, Result\nEngland beat Australia by 38 runs to level the series 1\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 50], "content_span": [51, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072316-0016-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Ashes series, Third Test \u2013 Melbourne, Preliminaries\nDespite losing the Sydney Test, the Australians remained confident as Johnson and Miller returned to the team. Miller was playing against the advice of his doctor who warned him not to bowl on his injured knee. Miller himself said he didn't think his back could take the strain of bowling. Len Maddocks replaced Langley as wicket-keeper after the latter was hit in the eye by a bail in a Sheffield Shield match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 59], "content_span": [60, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072316-0016-0001", "contents": "1954\u201355 Ashes series, Third Test \u2013 Melbourne, Preliminaries\nEngland recalled Compton at the expense of Graveney, but faced a crisis on the first day of the Test when Hutton refused to leave his bed because of his fibrosis and a heavy cold. Howard and others persuaded him to play so as to not damage the morale of the team and, finally, Hutton agreed. The wicket was in worse condition than the one in Sydney. After the MCC's match against Victoria it had broken up completely and had to be repaired, but it was still covered with cracks even before the Test began.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 59], "content_span": [60, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072316-0017-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Ashes series, Third Test \u2013 Melbourne, England \u2013 first innings\nThe match began on New Year's Eve. Hutton won the toss and elected to bat, but soon regretted it. Regardless of his knee and bad prob;ems, Miller opened the bowling with a 90-minute spell of three for five in nine overs to send Hutton, Edrich (who was Hutton's third opening partner in as many Tests) and Compton back to the pavilion in quick time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 69], "content_span": [70, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072316-0017-0001", "contents": "1954\u201355 Ashes series, Third Test \u2013 Melbourne, England \u2013 first innings\nWith Lindwall dismissing May for a duck, England were 41/4 and in deep trouble, but Cowdrey made 50 out of 69 and 100 out of 158 to complete his maiden Test century, adding 74 with Bailey (30) and 54 with Evans (20) before falling to Johnson with a ball that deviated onto his leg stump. Bill O'Reilly said it was the best Test innings he had ever seen and, aged only 22, Cowdrey was the youngest Englishman to make an Ashes century since Jack Hearne on the same ground in 1912. Archer with 4/33 wrapped up the tail and England fell from 181/6 to 191 all out at the end of the first day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 69], "content_span": [70, 657]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072316-0018-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Ashes series, Third Test \u2013 Melbourne, Australia \u2013 first innings\nThe wicket gave hope to the England bowlers and wickets fell at a steady rate through the second day to leave Australia on 181/8, only Morris and Favell failing to reach double figures. The next day was a Sunday and a rest day, but its events were to be of great importance. Fearing that the wicket would break up in the middle of the Test it was surreptitiously and illegally watered to bind the cracks and make it last an extra couple of days. Percy Barnes of The Age reported that he had overheard the MCG sprinklers during the night.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 71], "content_span": [72, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072316-0018-0001", "contents": "1954\u201355 Ashes series, Third Test \u2013 Melbourne, Australia \u2013 first innings\nTyson reckoned that if Barnes had not acted there would have been hardly any wicket left on the Monday. An official enquiry by the Victorian Cricket Association and the Melbourne Cricket Club denied any watering of the playing area during the match and claimed that the wicket must have sweated under the tarpaulin despite the baking heat and dry wind. Some scientists theorised that the dry weather drew up water from underground and the wicket watered itself, but a Sydney reporter asked how the wicket had managed to roll itself out to close up all the cracks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 71], "content_span": [72, 635]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072316-0018-0002", "contents": "1954\u201355 Ashes series, Third Test \u2013 Melbourne, Australia \u2013 first innings\nWisden Cricketers' Almanack said that large cracks were evident on Saturday and yet, on Monday, they had closed so that the surface temporarily behaved more kindly to batsmen. As England were due to bat, Hutton chose not to complain, but Maddocks (47), Johnson (33 not out) and Johnston (11) added another 50 runs before Statham (5/60) finished off the innings. It was the first time Statham took five wickets in a Test innings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 71], "content_span": [72, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072316-0019-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Ashes series, Third Test \u2013 Melbourne, England \u2013 second innings\nStarting 40 runs behind, Hutton (42) and Edrich (13) levelled the score before the first wicket fell. Hutton was so ill that he could not take off his pads for an hour after returning to the dressing room and remained slumped in a corner. May held the innings together with 91 and then Bailey with a typically defensive innings of 24 not out from 144 balls held up one end while Evans (22) and Wardle (38) made runs at the other.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 70], "content_span": [71, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072316-0019-0001", "contents": "1954\u201355 Ashes series, Third Test \u2013 Melbourne, England \u2013 second innings\nJohnston was bowling slow left arm spinners although Wardle had previously punished these when the Australians played Yorkshire in 1953. Wardle hit seven boundaries in his 38. Miller said later that he told Johnston not to bowl slow to Wardle so Johnston reverted to seam and took the last three wickets for six runs. Johnston's 5/85 was the only Australian five wicket haul in the series. England were all out for 279.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 70], "content_span": [71, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072316-0020-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Ashes series, Third Test \u2013 Melbourne, Australia \u2013 second innings\nAustralia were set 240 to win, but Tyson had Morris caught for 4 by Cowdrey and Favell was bowled for 30 by Appleyard. Harvey and Benaud took the score to 75/2 by stumps and over 50,000 supporters came on the fifth day, expecting to see them score the remaining 165 runs. Instead, they saw what has been called \"the fastest and most frightening sustained spell of fast bowling seen in Australia\". Tyson sent Australia crashing to 111 all out and England won by 128 runs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 72], "content_span": [73, 543]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072316-0020-0001", "contents": "1954\u201355 Ashes series, Third Test \u2013 Melbourne, Australia \u2013 second innings\nAustralia added only 36 runs that morning as Tyson took 6/16 off 6.3 eight-ball overs, giving him 7/27 in the whole innings. He bowled from the Richmond End and slightly into the breeze, but at enormous pace. The match finished well before lunch and Tyson remembered that the Melbourne Cricket Club caterers were left with thousands of unsold meat pies as the crowd deserted the ground. The match cemented Tyson's \"Typhoon\" reputation and he became only the fifth England bowler to take seven wickets in a Test innings in Australia after Tom Richardson (8/94), George Lohmann (8/35 and 8/58), Wilfred Rhodes (7/56 and 8/68) and Doug Wright (7/105).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 72], "content_span": [73, 721]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072316-0021-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Ashes series, Third Test \u2013 Melbourne, Result\nEngland won by 128 runs to lead the series 2\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 52], "content_span": [53, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072316-0022-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Ashes series, Fourth Test \u2013 Adelaide, Preliminaries\nDespite good form shown by Peter Loader and Bedser in recent tour matches, England kept their winning team together. Edrich continued out of position as Hutton's opening partner. The Australian selection process was more confused. Morris was originally dropped and replaced by Colin McDonald, but then Favell was dropped after his failure in the recent tour match and Morris was recalled on the morning of the match. Hole had also played poorly for South Australia against MCC so he was dropped and Burke was recalled.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 59], "content_span": [60, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072316-0022-0001", "contents": "1954\u201355 Ashes series, Fourth Test \u2013 Adelaide, Preliminaries\nWorse news for Australia was that Lindwall had pulled a muscle in the Queensland v Victoria game so Davidson was brought in. Though South Australia's Langley had recovered and made a fifty against the MCC, Victoria's Maddocks kept his place as wicket-keeper because of his batting in the third Test and was booed by the local crowd.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 59], "content_span": [60, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072316-0023-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Ashes series, Fourth Test \u2013 Adelaide, Australia \u2013 first innings\nJohnson won the toss in the sweltering 100\u00a0\u00b0F/38\u00a0\u00b0C heat and chose to bat on the best surface seen since Brisbane. Hutton made himself unpopular with his deliberately slow over rates so that he could rest his exhausted fast bowlers. Statham ripped the nail off his right big toe and had to hack a hole in his boot so he could continue to bowl. It was Appleyard (3/58) who made the breakthrough by dismissing MacDonald, Miller and Benaud. Tyson (3/85) and Bailey (3/39) provided support as Australia fell to 229/8. Maddocks (69) justified his selection and was the only man to pass fifty, adding 92 for the ninth wicket with Johnson (41) until Bailey removed Johnson. Maddocks was run out two runs later and Australia were dismissed for 323 on the afternoon of the second day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 71], "content_span": [72, 847]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072316-0024-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Ashes series, Fourth Test \u2013 Adelaide, England \u2013 first innings\nHutton (80) and Edrich (20) saw England through to stumps and took the score to 60 the next morning before the first wicket fell. Cowdrey (79) added 99 with Hutton looking certain for a century before he smashed the ball into Davidson's back, where it lobbed up for an easy, if painful, catch. Cowdrey and Compton (44) took the score to 230/3 by the end of the day and England were confident of a first innings lead, but they both fell early next morning. There was then a collapse and the last seven wickets fell for 111. Even so, the total of 341 was England's highest in the series and gave them a slim 18-run lead. Leg-spinner Benaud (4/120) was the best Australian bowler.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 69], "content_span": [70, 747]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072316-0025-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Ashes series, Fourth Test \u2013 Adelaide, Australia \u2013 second innings\nHutton made his bowling changes with great cunning, removing Tyson and Statham after a few overs and bringing on Appleyard whose 3/12 accounted for Morris, Burke and Harvey before the day was out, leaving the home side on 69/3. Expecting more spin the next day, Australia were confronted by Tyson (3/47) and Statham (3/38). Statham bowled MacDonald before a run was added to the overnight score. He then bowled Miller and dismissed Maddocks lbw. Tyson dismissed Benaud and Archer to reduce Australia to 83/8. Davidson (23) added some respectability to the lower order but Australia were out for 111.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 72], "content_span": [73, 672]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072316-0026-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Ashes series, Fourth Test \u2013 Adelaide, England second innings\nEngland needed only 94 runs to win the Test, win the series and retain the Ashes, but Miller (3/40) had other ideas, sending Hutton, Edrich and Cowdrey back to the pavilion for 18 and catching May off Johnston (2/20). Compton (34 not out) saw England through and Evans came in at the fall of the 5th wicket to hit the winning runs with a boundary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 68], "content_span": [69, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072316-0027-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Ashes series, Fourth Test \u2013 Adelaide, Result\nEngland beat Australia by 5 wickets to take a winning 3\u20131 lead in the series and retain the Ashes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 52], "content_span": [53, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072316-0028-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Ashes series, Fifth Test \u2013 Sydney, Preliminaries\nThe only change in the England team was that Edrich was dropped for poor form and replaced by Graveney, who became Hutton's fourth opening partner of the series. Cowdrey had a broken nose (hit while fielding at Adelaide) and Bailey had broken a finger playing against Victoria, but both still played in the final Test, though Bailey did not bowl. With an eye to their imminent tour of the West Indies, the Australian selectors picked debutants Peter Burge and Bill Watson for experience. Favell and Lindwall returned to the side. Morris, Johnston, Archer and Burke were left out (Morris, Johnston and Archer had already been selected for the West Indies tour).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 56], "content_span": [57, 717]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072316-0029-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Ashes series, Fifth Test \u2013 Sydney, England \u2013 first innings\nThe first three days were lost to heavy rain and only 13 hours play were available when the toss was finally held on the fourth afternoon, Johnson winning and putting England in to bat. Hutton was out quickly, but Graveney effortlessly stroked his way to 111 out of 182 in two and a half hours, adding 176 with May (79). Cowdrey was out first ball but Compton (84) and Bailey (72) added 134. Hutton declared on 371/7, easily England's best score of the series. Lindwall took three for 77, including his 100th in Tests against England, and Johnson three for 68.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 66], "content_span": [67, 627]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072316-0030-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Ashes series, Fifth Test \u2013 Sydney, Australia \u2013 first innings\nMcDonald responded with 72, adding 53 for the first wicket with Watson (18), but Maddocks (32) was the only other batsman to make more than 20 as the England spinner Wardle (5/79) worked his way through their batting with a mixture of orthodox slow left arm spin mixed with wrist-spin and reverse googlies. Johnson was run out when the last wicket fell for 221. Some people believed that the follow on had been avoided but, due to the three days lost, Hutton could enforce a follow on despite being only 150 runs ahead. He promptly did so. It was the first time Australia had followed on since the Oval Test in 1938 when Hutton had made his world record 364.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 68], "content_span": [69, 727]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072316-0031-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Ashes series, Fifth Test \u2013 Sydney, Australia \u2013 second innings\nMacdonald (37) watched the wickets fall about him again and at 29/3 Australia were in danger of an innings defeat as Wardle (3/51) struck again. Miller (28), Burge (18 not out) and Benaud (22) stopped the rot, but Hutton did not concede the draw until he brought himself on in the final over, bowling Benaud with the last ball of the series. Australia ended on 118/6, still 32 runs short of making England bat again.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 69], "content_span": [70, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072317-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Atlantic Coast Conference men's basketball season, NIT\nLeague rules prevented ACC teams from playing in the NIT, 1954\u20131966", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 62], "content_span": [63, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072318-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Auburn Tigers men's basketball team\nThe 1954\u201355 Auburn Tigers men's basketball team represented Auburn University in the 1954\u201355 college basketball season. The team's head coach was Joel Eaves, who was in his sixth season at Auburn. The team played their home games at Auburn Sports Arena in Auburn, Alabama. They finished the season 11\u20139, 6\u20138 in SEC play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072319-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Austrian football championship, Overview\nIt was contested by 14 teams, and First Vienna FC won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 48], "content_span": [49, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072320-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Baltimore Bullets season\nThe 1954\u201355 NBA season was the Bullets' 8th season in the NBA. The franchise ceased operations after playing 14 game with a 3-11 record on November 27, 1954. NBA's official record books for the 1954-55 season do not include the Bullets' games and team statistics, nor do they include the statistics of opposing players and teams in games played against the Bullets.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072320-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Baltimore Bullets season\nBaltimore would go without an NBA team until 1963, when the Chicago Zephyrs moved to Baltimore and became the second incarnation of the Baltimore Bullets.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072321-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Beitar Jerusalem F.C. season\nThe 1954\u201355 Beitar Jerusalem season was the club's 19th season since its establishment, in 1936, and 7th since the establishment of the State of Israel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072321-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Beitar Jerusalem F.C. season\nDuring the season, the club competed in Liga Alef (top division) and the State Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072321-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Beitar Jerusalem F.C. season, Match results, Liga Alef\nLeague matches began on 6 February 1955, and by the time the season ended, only 20 rounds of matches were completed, delaying the end of the league season to the next season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 62], "content_span": [63, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072322-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Beitar Tel Aviv F.C. season\nThe 1954\u201355 Beitar Tel Aviv season was the club's 22nd season since its establishment, in 1934, and 7th since the establishment of the State of Israel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072322-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Beitar Tel Aviv F.C. season\nDuring the season, the club competed in Liga Alef (top division) and the State Cup. In addition, the club played in the privately organized Shapira Cup, a four-club league competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072322-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Beitar Tel Aviv F.C. season, Match results, Liga Alef\nLeague matches began on 6 February 1955, and by the time the season, only 20 rounds of matches were completed, delaying the end of the league season to the next season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 61], "content_span": [62, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072323-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Belgian First Division, Overview\nIt was contested by 16 teams, and R.S.C. Anderlecht won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072324-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Birmingham City F.C. season\nThe 1954\u201355 Football League season was Birmingham City Football Club's 52nd in the Football League and their 24th in the Second Division. They finished top of the 22-team division on goal average, thus winning the Second Division title for the fourth time and gaining promotion to the First Division for 1955\u201356. They entered the 1954\u201355 FA Cup at the third round proper and lost to Manchester City in the sixth round (quarter-final).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072324-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Birmingham City F.C. season\nBob Brocklebank and chief scout Walter Taylor laid the foundations for the club's successes of the 1950s, introducing future England internationals Trevor Smith and Jeff Hall to the side, and bringing in the likes of Peter Murphy, Eddy Brown, Roy Warhurst and Alex Govan. Arthur Turner took over from Brocklebank as manager in November 1954 with the club mid-table in the Second Division, having gained only one point away from home.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072324-0001-0001", "contents": "1954\u201355 Birmingham City F.C. season\nBy the end of the season they had scored 92 goals,inflicted Liverpool's record defeat, by nine goals to one, which was also Birmingham's widest margin of victory in a league match since the 19th century, and, needing five points from the last three games, all away from home, to be sure of promotion, confirmed themselves as champions with a 5\u20131 win in the last game of the season away at Doncaster Rovers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072324-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Birmingham City F.C. season\nTwenty-five players made at least one appearance in nationally organised first-team competition, and there were eleven different goalscorers. Half-back Len Boyd played in 43 of the 46 first-team matches over the season, and Peter Murphy was leading goalscorer with 20 goals, all scored in league competition. All five first-choice forwards\u00a0\u2013 Gordon Astall, Noel Kinsey, Brown, Murphy and Govan\u00a0\u2013 reached double figures.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072325-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Blackpool F.C. season\nThe 1954\u201355 season was Blackpool F.C. 's 47th season (44th consecutive) in the Football League. They competed in the 22-team Division One, then the top tier of English football, finishing nineteenth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072325-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Blackpool F.C. season\nStan Mortensen was the club's top scorer for the eleventh consecutive season, with eleven goals in all competitions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072325-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Blackpool F.C. season\nHarry Johnston retired at the end of the season after 21 years of service for Blackpool, his only professional club. He remains the club's longest-serving player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072326-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Boston Bruins season\nThe 1954\u201355 Boston Bruins season saw the Bruins finish in fourth place in the National Hockey League (NHL) with a record of 23 wins, 26 losses, and 21 ties for 67 points. In the playoffs, they lost the semi-finals to the Montreal Canadiens in five games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072326-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Boston Bruins season, Player statistics, Forwards\nNote: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; PIM = Penalty minutes", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 57], "content_span": [58, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072326-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Boston Bruins season, Player statistics, Defencemen\nNote: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; PIM = Penalty minutes", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 59], "content_span": [60, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072326-0003-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Boston Bruins season, Player statistics, Goaltending\nNote: GP= Games played; W= Wins; L= Losses; T = Ties; SO = Shutouts; GAA = Goals against average", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 60], "content_span": [61, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072327-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Boston Celtics season\nThe 1954\u201355 NBA season was the Celtics' 9th season in the NBA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 92]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072328-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Bradford City A.F.C. season\nThe 1954\u201355 Bradford City A.F.C. season was the 42nd in the club's history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072328-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Bradford City A.F.C. season\nThe club finished 21st in Division Three North, and reached the 3rd round of the FA Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072329-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Brentford F.C. season\nDuring the 1954\u201355 English football season, Brentford competed in the Football League Third Division South. In the club's first season back in the third-tier since 1932\u201333, the Bees finished in mid-table. The season was memorable for the debuts of youth products Jim Towers and George Francis, who went on to dominate Brentford's goalscoring charts until 1961.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072329-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Brentford F.C. season, Season summary\nThe 1954\u201355 Third Division South season marked Brentford's fall from the top-flight to the basement in just seven years. It was the Bees' first Third Division South season since 1932\u201333 and though he had a limited budget, manager Bill Dodgin Sr. did not conduct a fire sale and managed to keep his squad intact. Forwards George Stobbart, Jeff Taylor and goalkeeper Sonny Feehan were the only players to arrive at Griffin Park.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072329-0001-0001", "contents": "1954\u201355 Brentford F.C. season, Season summary\nAgeing full back Fred Monk was released, goalkeeper Alf Jefferies transferred to Torquay United and the \u00a310,000 fee from the sale of Jimmy Bloomfield to Arsenal was spent on relieving the club's debts. The products of Alf Bew's youth team were to be given more of a chance than in the previous Second Division seasons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072329-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Brentford F.C. season, Season summary\nBrentford drew four of the first six matches of the season and Bees slowly pulled away from the relegation places, before moving into the top 10 after three wins in a four match spell in late September 1954. An uneven period followed through to February 1955, with the club drifting slowly towards the re-election places (the \u00a310,000 sale of forward Billy Dare to West Ham United was offset by the emergence of youth product Jim Towers), before rising back to an 11th-place finish after just three defeats in the final 18 matches of the season. Frank Dudley (20, George Stobbart (19) and Jim Towers (16) led the club's goalscoring chart, but while 82 league goals were scored, 82 were also conceded, which was amongst the highest in the Third Division South.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 804]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072329-0003-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Brentford F.C. season, Season summary\nThe FA Cup proved to be an entertaining distraction, with Brentford entering at the first round stage for the first time since the 1932\u201333 season. Non -league clubs Nuneaton Borough and Crook Town were beaten in the first two rounds and it took two replays to get past Bradford City in the third. The Bees fell to Newcastle United at St James' Park in the fourth round, but they gave their First Division hosts a scare with goals from George Stobbart and Johnny Rainford in the 3\u20132 defeat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 535]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072329-0004-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Brentford F.C. season, Season summary\nA number of club records were set or equalled during the season:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072330-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 British Home Championship\nThe 1954\u201355 British Home Championship was a football tournament played between the British Home Nations during the 1954\u201355 football season. It was won by a strong England side which included players such as Johnny Haynes and Nat Lofthouse as well as future manager Don Revie. England and Scotland, had competed at the 1954 FIFA World Cup in the summer before the tournament began and both teams had struggled, eventually being knocked out by Uruguay, Scotland by a 7\u20130 margin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 510]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072330-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 British Home Championship\nEngland began the tournament as favourites and proved their status with a simple victory over Ireland in their first match. Scotland matched this with a difficult win over Wales in their match, although only by one goal to nil. Both Wales and Ireland improved in their second matches, the Irish holding Scotland to a 2\u20132 draw whilst the Welsh almost achieved the same against England in London, eventually losing 3\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072330-0001-0001", "contents": "1954\u201355 British Home Championship\nThe final games were played at the conclusion of the domestic season, and saw Ireland fall to the Welsh under their inspirational goalscorer John Charles, who netted a hat trick in a 3\u20132 victory. England had by this time taken the championship with a comprehensive demolition of Scotland 7\u20132 in their final match, Dennis Wilshaw claiming four of the goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072331-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 British Ice Hockey season\nThe 1954\u201355 British Ice Hockey season featured a new British National League whereby the English and Scottish teams had merged into one National League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072332-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 British National League season\nThe 1954\u201355 British National League season was the first season of the British National League. Eleven teams participated in the league, and the Harringay Racers won the championship. The Dunfermline Vikings withdrew from the league after eleven games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072333-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Bulgarian Hockey League season\nThe 1954\u201355 Bulgarian Hockey League season was the fourth season of the Bulgarian Hockey League, the top level of ice hockey in Bulgaria. Seven teams participated in the league, and Torpedo Sofia won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072334-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Bury F.C. season\nDuring the 1954\u201355 season Bury competed in the Football League Second Division where they finished in 13th position with 41 points. In the FA Cup Bury were drawn against fellow Second Division side Stoke City in the third round which went to a fourth replay with Stoke finally winning 3\u20132 after 9 hours and 22 minutes of football in the longest FA Cup tie between two professional teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072334-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Bury F.C. season, Squad\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 31], "content_span": [32, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072335-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Cardiff City F.C. season\nThe 1954\u201355 season was Cardiff City F.C. 's 28th season in the Football League. They competed in the 22-team Division One, then the first tier of English football, finishing twentieth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072335-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Cardiff City F.C. season, Season review, FA Cup\nEntering the competition in the third round, Cardiff were eliminated by fellow First Division side Arsenal after a 1\u20130 defeat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 55], "content_span": [56, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072335-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Cardiff City F.C. season, Season review, Welsh Cup\nAfter wins over Pembroke Borough and Newport County, Cardiff were knocked out of the competition in the semi-finals for a third year in a row after a 2\u20130 defeat to Chester City.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 58], "content_span": [59, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072335-0003-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Cardiff City F.C. season, Players\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 41], "content_span": [42, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072336-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Carlisle United F.C. season\nFor the 1954\u201355 season, Carlisle United F.C. competed in Football League Third Division North.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072337-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Celtic F.C. season\nDuring the 1954\u201355 Scottish football season, Celtic competed in Scottish Division A.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072338-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Challenge Cup\nThe 1954\u201355 Challenge Cup was the 54th staging of rugby league's oldest knockout competition, the Challenge Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072338-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Challenge Cup, Final\nThis was also the first time that there was an all-Cumbrian Final. Barrow beat Workington Town 21-12 in the final played at Wembley before a crowd of 66,513. Captained by former Great Britain skipper Willie Horne, this was Barrow\u2019s first Challenge Cup Final win, although have been runners-up on four other occasions. Jack Grundy, Barrow's Second-row was awarded the Lance Todd Trophy for man-of-the-match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 28], "content_span": [29, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072338-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Challenge Cup, Final\nBarrow: Clive Best, Jimmy Lewthwaite, Phil Jackson, Dennis Goodwin, Frank Castle, Willie Horne, Edward Toohey, Les Belshaw, Vince McKeating, Frank Barton, Jack Grundy, Reg Parker, and Bill Healey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 28], "content_span": [29, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072339-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Chelsea F.C. season\nThe 1954\u201355 season was Chelsea Football Club's 50th of competitive football, their Golden Jubilee and their 20th consecutive year in the English top flight. It was also the club's most successful year up to that point, as they won the Football League Championship for the first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072339-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Chelsea F.C. season\nThe success was unexpected; Chelsea had never won a major trophy before and their league positions since the Second World War had ranged from 8th to 20th. Four consecutive defeats in October had left the club in 12th place this time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072339-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Chelsea F.C. season\nBut the team lost just three more meaningful league games that season and beat principal rivals Wolverhampton Wanderers twice to secure the Championship with a game to spare. Club captain Roy Bentley finished as top scorer, with 21 goals, and the club attracted an average home gate of 48,307, the highest in the division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072340-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Chester F.C. season\nThe 1954\u201355 season was the 17th season of competitive association football in the Football League played by Chester, an English club based in Chester, Cheshire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072340-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Chester F.C. season\nIt was the club's 17th consecutive season in the Third Division North since the election to the Football League. Alongside competing in the league, the club also participated in the FA Cup and the Welsh Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072341-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Chicago Black Hawks season\nThe 1954\u201355 Chicago Black Hawks season was the team's 29th season in the NHL, and the team was coming off a season in 1953\u201354 when they set the NHL record for losses in a season with 51, finishing in last place in the NHL, and missing the playoffs for the seventh time in eight seasons. Due to poor attendances at home games, the Blackhawks played eight scheduled games at neutral venues. Six games were played at St Louis, Missouri, one at Omaha, Nebraska, and one game at Saint Paul, Minnesota.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072341-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Chicago Black Hawks season\nIt was a busy off-season for Chicago, as Bill Tobin was replaced by Tommy Ivan as general manager of the club. Ivan had previously been the head coach of the Detroit Red Wings from 1947 to 1954, winning three Stanley Cups with the team. He hired Frank Eddolls to be his head coach, as player-coach Sid Abel was let go after the 1953\u201354 season. Eddolls had previously been a player-coach of the Buffalo Bisons of the AHL. One of Ivan's first moves as the general manager of the team was to build a farm system, as the Black Hawks were the only team in the NHL without one.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072341-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Chicago Black Hawks season\nDuring the season, the Hawks were involved in a number of trades, including acquiring Ed Litzenberger from the Montreal Canadiens, and getting Allan Stanley and Nick Mickoski in a trade with the New York Rangers. The Litzenberger trade paid off immediately, as he was awarded the Calder Memorial Trophy for the best rookie in the league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072341-0003-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Chicago Black Hawks season\nIt would be another long season in Chicago, with wins few and far between. The team only won consecutive games twice throughout the season, and had numerous losing streaks. The Hawks finished the year with a 13\u201340\u201317 record, earning 43 points, which represented a 12-point increase over the previous season; however, the club finished in last place in the league for the second year in a row.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072341-0004-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Chicago Black Hawks season\nOffensively, Chicago was led by Red Sullivan, whom the team acquired in the off-season. Sullivan scored a team-high 19 goals and 42 assists for 61 points, which ranked him sixth in the NHL. Rookie Ed Litzenberger contributed with 16 goals and 40 points in 44 games with Chicago, while Harry Watson scored 14 goals and 30 points in 43 games before being dealt to the Toronto Maple Leafs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072341-0004-0001", "contents": "1954\u201355 Chicago Black Hawks season\nJack McIntyre led the Hawks blueline with 16 goals and 29 points, while fellow defenceman Allan Stanley scored 10 goals and 25 points in 52 games after being acquired from the New York Rangers. Gord Hollingworth led the Hawks with 135 penalty minutes, while team captain Gus Mortson was right behind him, getting 133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072341-0005-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Chicago Black Hawks season\nIn goal, Al Rollins played in 44 games, winning a club-high 9 of them, while posting a GAA of 3.39. Backup goaltender Hank Bassen posted a record of 4\u20139\u20138, leading the club with a 3.00 GAA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072342-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Colchester United F.C. season\nThe 1954\u201355 season was Colchester United's 13th season in their history and their fifth season in the Third Division South, the third tier of English football. Alongside competing in the Third Division South, the club also participated in the FA Cup. Following a replay, Colchester were knocked out of the FA Cup in the first round by Reading. Meanwhile, in the league, Colchester's poor run of form had Jack Butler allowed indefinite leave following a bout of ill health.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 510]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072342-0000-0001", "contents": "1954\u201355 Colchester United F.C. season\nAfter resigning in January 1955, Colchester appointed Benny Fenton as his replacement, and despite an upturn in form, a run of defeats at the end of the season meant Colchester needed to apply for re-election for the second successive season. Once more, all clubs applying for re-election were successful, with Colchester receiving 44 votes, behind Third Division North clubs Grimsby Town (49 votes) and Chester City (47 votes), but eleven votes ahead of division rivals Walsall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072342-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Colchester United F.C. season, Season overview\nEight successive league defeats from October to December saw Colchester bottom of the league for Christmas Day, and the plight of the club had begun to have an effect on the health of manager Jack Butler. After falling ill in November, Butler was handed indefinite leave until by the club until the end of his contract in 1956. Suffering from a mental breakdown, Butler eventually resigned on 14 January 1955, while club secretary Claude Orrin was charged with finding a new manager.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 54], "content_span": [55, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072342-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Colchester United F.C. season, Season overview\nDuring this transitional period, Orrin and Alf Miller took charge of the first-team, before appointing Benny Fenton as manager after attracting 48 applications for the vacancy. Despite a brief boost in on-field fortunes in March and early April, performances tailed off as Colchester picked up just one point in the final eight games of the campaign. The club finished bottom of the Football League and were again required to seek re-election, in which they were successful.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 54], "content_span": [55, 529]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072342-0003-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Colchester United F.C. season, Squad statistics, Player debuts\nPlayers making their first-team Colchester United debut in a fully competitive match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 70], "content_span": [71, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072343-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Connecticut Huskies men's basketball team\nThe 1954\u201355 Connecticut Huskies men's basketball team represented the University of Connecticut in the 1954\u201355 collegiate men's basketball season. The Huskies completed the season with a 20\u20135 overall record. The Huskies were members of the Yankee Conference, where they ended the season with an 8\u20130 record. They were the Yankee Conference regular season champions and made it to the first round of the 1955 National Invitation Tournament. The Huskies played their home games at Hugh S. Greer Field House in Storrs, Connecticut, and were led by ninth-year head coach Hugh Greer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 627]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072344-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Copa M\u00e9xico\nThe Copa M\u00e9xico 1954\u201355 was the 39th edition of the Copa M\u00e9xico and the 12th staging in the professional era.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072344-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Copa M\u00e9xico\nThe competition started on February 5, 1955, and concluded on March 6, 1955, with the Final, held at the Estadio Ol\u00edmpico de la Ciudad de los Deportes in Mexico City, in which Am\u00e9rica defeated Guadalajara 1\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072345-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Cypriot Cup\nThe 1954\u201355 Cypriot Cup was the 18th edition of the Cypriot Cup. A total of 16 clubs entered the competition. It began on 18 June 1955 with the first round and concluded on 10 July 1955 with the final which was held at GSP Stadium. EPA Larnaca won their 5th Cypriot Cup trophy after beating Pezoporikos 2\u20131 in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072345-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Cypriot Cup, Format\nIn the 1954\u201355 Cypriot Cup, participated the 10 teams of the Cypriot First Division and 6 of the 11 teams of the Cypriot Second Division (the three winners of each group and other three teams after a draw between the other 8 second division teams).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 27], "content_span": [28, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072345-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Cypriot Cup, Format\nThe competition consisted of four knock-out rounds. In all rounds each tie was played as a single leg and was held at the home ground of the one of the two teams, according to the draw results. Each tie winner was qualifying to the next round. If a match was drawn, extra time was following. If extra time was drawn, there was a replay match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 27], "content_span": [28, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072346-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Cypriot First Division\nStatistics of  the Cypriot First Division for the 1954\u201355 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 96]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072346-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Cypriot First Division, Overview\nIt was contested by 10 teams, and AEL Limassol won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072347-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Cypriot Second Division\nThe 1954\u201355 Cypriot Second Division was the 2nd season of the Cypriot second-level football league. Nea Salamis Famagusta won their 1st title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072347-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Cypriot Second Division, Format\nEleven teams participated in the 1954\u201355 Cypriot Second Division. The league was split into three geographical groups, depending from which Districts of Cyprus each participated team came from. All teams of each group played against each other twice, once at their home and once away. The team with the most points at the end of the season were crowned group champions. The winners of each group played against each other in the final phase of the competition and the winner were the champions of the Second Division. The champion were promoted to the 1955\u201356 Cypriot First Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 39], "content_span": [40, 623]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072347-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Cypriot Second Division, Format\nTeams received two points for a win, one point for a draw and zero points for a loss.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 39], "content_span": [40, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072348-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Czechoslovak Extraliga season\nThe 1954\u201355 Czechoslovak Extraliga season was the 12th season of the Czechoslovak Extraliga, the top level of ice hockey in Czechoslovakia. 16 teams participated in the league, and Rud\u00e1 Hv\u011bzda Brno won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072349-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 DDR-Oberliga\nThe 1954\u201355 DDR-Oberliga was the sixth season of the DDR-Oberliga, the first tier of league football in East Germany. After the 1954\u201355 season the league played a transition round in autumn 1955, followed by five seasons, until 1960, where it played in the calendar year format. From 1961\u201362 onwards the league returned to its traditional format.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072349-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 DDR-Oberliga\nThe league was contested by fourteen teams, one less than in the previous season, a strength the DDR-Oberliga would operate at for the rest of its history. BSG Turbine Erfurt won the championship, its second consecutive one for the club, becoming the first club to win back-to-back titles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072349-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 DDR-Oberliga\nWilly Tr\u00f6ger of SC Wismut Karl-Marx-Stadt was the league's top scorer with 22 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072349-0003-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 DDR-Oberliga\nTwo teams were relocated during the season, in November 1954, with Dynamo Dresden relocating to East Berlin to continue as SC Dynamo Berlin and BSG Empor Lauter relocating to Rostock to continue as SC Empor Rostock. A number clubs were replaced by the new Sport clubs from October 1954 onwards, indicated by the SC before the name, to concentrate the best players in centers of excellence at certain locations and to improve the level of the game in East Germany.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072349-0003-0001", "contents": "1954\u201355 DDR-Oberliga\nThe football department of BSG Wismut Aue was delegated to the newly founded sports club SC Wismut Karl-Marx-Stadt, but the team remained in Aue and did not move to Chemnitz, then called Karl-Marx-Stadt, despite joining SC Wismut Karl-Marx-Stadt. BSG Einheit Ost and BSG Chemie Leipzig were dissolved, and their football players were delegated to the newly founded sports clubs SC Rotation Leipzig and SC Lokomotive Leipzig respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 458]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072349-0004-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 DDR-Oberliga\nUnlike the 1954\u201355 champions of West Germany and the Saar Protectorate the East German champion did not take part in the  first edition of the European Cup the following season. It would take until 1957\u201358 for the DDR-Oberliga winner to compete in Europe.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072349-0005-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 DDR-Oberliga, Table\nThe 1954\u201355 season saw two newly promoted clubs, ASK Vorw\u00e4rts Berlin and BSG Chemie Karl-Marx-Stadt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 27], "content_span": [28, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072350-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 DDR-Oberliga (ice hockey) season\nThe 1954\u201355 DDR-Oberliga season was the seventh season of the DDR-Oberliga, the top level of ice hockey in East Germany. Seven teams participated in the league, and SG Dynamo Wei\u00dfwasser won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072351-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 DFB-Pokal\nThe 1954\u201355 DFB-Pokal was the 12th season of the annual German football cup competition. It began on 15 August 1954 and ended on 21 May 1955. 32 teams competed in the tournament of five rounds. In the final Karlsruher SC defeated Schalke 04 3\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072352-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Danish 1st Division, Overview\nIt was contested by 10 teams, and Aarhus Gymnastikforening won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072353-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Danish Cup\nThe 1954\u201355 Danish Cup was the 1st installment of the Danish Cup, the highest football competition in Denmark.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072354-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Danish Ice Hockey Championship season\nThe 1954\u201355 Danish Ice Hockey Championship season was the first season of ice hockey in Denmark. Three teams participated in the final tournament, and Rungsted IK won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072354-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Danish Ice Hockey Championship season, J\u00fctland Regional Tournament\nThe J\u00fctland Regional Tournament was contested on February 19 and 20, 1955 in Silkeborg.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 74], "content_span": [75, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072355-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Detroit Red Wings season\nThe 1954\u201355 Detroit Red Wings season saw the Red Wings finish first overall in the National Hockey League (NHL) with a record of 42 wins, 17 losses, and 11 ties for 95 points. They swept the Toronto Maple Leafs in the semi-finals and then won the Stanley Cup by defeating the Montreal Canadiens in a seven-game Stanley Cup Final. The Red Wings would not win another Stanley Cup until 1997.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072355-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Detroit Red Wings season, Player statistics, Forwards\nNote: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; PIM = Penalty minutes", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 61], "content_span": [62, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072355-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Detroit Red Wings season, Player statistics, Defencemen\nNote: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; PIM = Penalty minutes", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 63], "content_span": [64, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072355-0003-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Detroit Red Wings season, Player statistics, Goaltending\nNote: GP = Games played; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; SO = Shutouts; GAA = Goals against average", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 64], "content_span": [65, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072356-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Djurg\u00e5rdens IF season\nThe 1954\u201355 season was Djurg\u00e5rdens IF's 55th in existence, their 11th season in Allsvenskan and their sixth consecutive season in the league. They were competing in Allsvenskan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072357-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Drexel Dragons men's basketball team\nThe 1954\u201355 Drexel Dragons men's basketball team represented Drexel Institute of Technology during the 1954\u201355 men's basketball season. The Dragons, led by 3rd year head coach Samuel Cozen, played their home games at Sayre High School and were members of the College\u2013Southern division of the Middle Atlantic Conferences (MAC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072357-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Drexel Dragons men's basketball team\nThe team finished the season 14\u20135, and finished in 1st place in the MAC in the regular season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072358-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Duke Blue Devils men's basketball team\nThe 1954\u201355 Duke Blue Devils men's basketball team represented Duke University in the 1954\u201355 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The head coach was Harold Bradley and the team finished the season with an overall record of 20\u20138.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072359-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Dumbarton F.C. season\nThe 1954\u201355 season was the 71st Scottish football season in which Dumbarton competed at national level, entering the Scottish Football League, the Scottish Cup and the Supplementary League Cup. In addition Dumbarton competed in the Stirlingshire Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072359-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Dumbarton F.C. season, Scottish League Division C (South-West)\nWith club finances re-structured, a new manager (Peter McGown having taken over from Willie Irvine) and a new youthful team in place, the season was approached with some confidence, in the knowledge that only winning the league would guarantee a return to the top 'tiers' of Scottish football.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 70], "content_span": [71, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072359-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Dumbarton F.C. season, Scottish League Division C (South-West)\nHowever, things were not going to be easy, since apart from Stranraer, their league opponents would be the reserve (or 'A') sides of the bigger clubs from the top two divisions - and so it was to prove, for despite challenging strongly throughout the season, and topping the league in early March, in the end only 4th place out of 13 was achieved,", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 70], "content_span": [71, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072359-0003-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Dumbarton F.C. season, Scottish League Division C (South-West)\nNevertheless, league re-construction at the end of the season meant that the Divisions C were brought to an end, with Dumbarton, Stranraer, Montrose, East Stirling and Berwick Rangers all joining a revamped 19 team Second Division for season 1955-56.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 70], "content_span": [71, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072359-0004-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Dumbarton F.C. season, Scottish Cup\nThere was an early exit in the Cup with Dumbarton losing to Montrose in the third round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072359-0005-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Dumbarton F.C. season, Scottish Supplementary League Cup\nNo progress was made from the sectional games in the Supplementary League Cup, finishing 5th of 7.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 64], "content_span": [65, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072359-0006-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Dumbarton F.C. season, Stirlingshire Cup\nThere was also a first round defeat in the county cup, to East Stirling.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 48], "content_span": [49, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072359-0007-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics, Transfers\nAmongst those players joining and leaving the club were the following:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 59], "content_span": [60, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072359-0008-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Dumbarton F.C. season, Reserve Team\nDumbarton only played one official 'reserve' match in the Second XI Cup, losing in the first round to Clyde, after a replay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072360-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Dundee F.C. season\nThe 1954\u201355 season was the fifty-third season in which Dundee competed at a Scottish national level, playing in Division A, where the club would finish in 8th place. Dundee would also compete in both the Scottish Cup and the Scottish League Cup. They would be knocked out of the group stages of the League Cup, and would be defeated by Rangers in a replay in the 5th round of the Scottish Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072361-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Dundee United F.C. season\nThe 1954\u201355 season was the 47th year of football played by Dundee United, and covers the period from 1 July 1954 to 30 June 1955. United finished in thirteenth place in the Second Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072361-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Dundee United F.C. season, Match results\nDundee United played a total of 37 competitive matches during the 1954\u201355 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 48], "content_span": [49, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072361-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Dundee United F.C. season, Match results, Legend\nAll results are written with Dundee United's score first. Own goals in italics", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 56], "content_span": [57, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072362-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Everton F.C. season\nDuring the 1954\u201355 English football season, Everton F.C. competed in the Football League First Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072362-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Everton F.C. season, Final League Table\nP = Matches played; W = Matches won; D = Matches drawn; L = Matches lost; F = Goals for; A = Goals against; GA = Goal average; GD = Goal difference; Pts = Points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 47], "content_span": [48, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072363-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 FA Cup\nThe 1954\u201355 FA Cup was the 74th season of the world's oldest football cup competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup, commonly known as the FA Cup. Newcastle United won the competition for the sixth time, beating Manchester City 3\u20131 in the final at Wembley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072363-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 FA Cup\nMatches were scheduled to be played at the stadium of the team named first on the date specified for each round, which was always a Saturday. Some matches, however, might be rescheduled for other days if there were clashes with games for other competitions or the weather was inclement. If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played, a replay would take place at the stadium of the second-named team later the same week. If the replayed match was drawn further replays would be held until a winner was determined. If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played in a replay, a 30-minute period of extra time would be played.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 653]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072363-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 FA Cup, First round proper\nAt this stage clubs from the Football League Third Division North and South joined those non-league clubs having come through the qualifying rounds (except Crook Town and Bishop Auckland that given byes to this round). Matches were scheduled to be played on Saturday, 20 November 1954. Seven were drawn and went to replays, with one of these going to a second replay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 34], "content_span": [35, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072363-0003-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 FA Cup, Second Round Proper\nThe matches were scheduled for Saturday, 11 December 1954. Four matches were drawn, with replays taking place later the same week.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 35], "content_span": [36, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072363-0004-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 FA Cup, Third round proper\nThe 44 First and Second Division clubs entered the competition at this stage. The matches were scheduled for Saturday, 8 January 1955. Ten matches were drawn and went to replays, with three of these requiring a second replay. Notable is tie no. 3, between Bury and Stoke City, which went to four replays before Stoke won in the final game, with an aggregated score of 9\u201310.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 34], "content_span": [35, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072363-0005-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 FA Cup, Fourth Round Proper\nThe matches were scheduled for Saturday, 29 January 1955. Four matches were drawn and went to replays, which were all played in the following midweek match. Once again, there was a tie which went to four replays, this time between Doncaster Rovers and Aston Villa. Rovers finally won the fixture in the fifth match, with an aggregated score of 6\u20134.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 35], "content_span": [36, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072363-0006-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 FA Cup, Fifth Round Proper\nThe matches were scheduled for Saturday, 19 February 1955. Two matches went to replays in the following mid-week fixture, with the Nottingham Forest\u2013Newcastle United match requiring a second replay to settle it in favour of United.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 34], "content_span": [35, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072363-0007-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 FA Cup, Sixth Round Proper\nThe four quarter-final ties were scheduled to be played on Saturday, 12 March 1955. The Newcastle United\u2013Huddersfield Town game went to a replay before United went through.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 34], "content_span": [35, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072363-0008-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 FA Cup, Semi-Finals\nThe semi-final matches were played on Saturday, 26 March 1955, with the Newcastle United\u2013York City match replaying on the 30th. Newcastle and Manchester City won their ties to meet in the final at Wembley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 27], "content_span": [28, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072363-0009-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 FA Cup, Final\nThe 1955 FA Cup Final was contested by Newcastle United and Manchester City at Wembley. Newcastle won 3\u20131, with goals from Jackie Milburn in the first minute (after 45 seconds, setting a new record in a final at Wembley, which was held until 1997), Bobby Mitchell and George Hannah. Bobby Johnstone scored City's goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 21], "content_span": [22, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072364-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 FA Cup qualifying rounds\nThe FA Cup 1954\u201355 is the 74th season of the world's oldest football knockout competition; The Football Association Challenge Cup, or FA Cup for short. The large number of clubs entering the tournament from lower down the English football league system meant that the competition started with a number of preliminary and qualifying rounds. The 30 victorious teams from the Fourth Round Qualifying progressed to the First Round Proper.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072364-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 FA Cup qualifying rounds, 4th qualifying round\nThe teams that given byes to this round are Walthamstow Avenue, Yeovil Town, Gainsborough Trinity, Witton Albion, Weymouth, Rhyl, Hereford United, Wigan Athletic, Blyth Spartans, Wellington Town, Bath City, Peterborough United, Great Yarmouth Town, Headington United, Bedford Town, Hastings United, Kettering Town, Guildford City, Spennymoor United, Horden Colliery Welfare, Nuneaton Borough, Cambridge United, Selby Town and Newport I O W.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 54], "content_span": [55, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072364-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 FA Cup qualifying rounds, 1954\u201355 FA Cup\nSee 1954\u201355 FA Cup for details of the rounds from the First Round Proper onwards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072365-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 FC Basel season\nThe 1954\u201355 season was Fussball Club Basel 1893's 61st season in their existence. It was their ninth consecutive season in the top flight of Swiss football after their promotion from the Nationalliga B the season 1945\u201346. They played their home games in the Landhof, in the Wettstein Quarter in Kleinbasel. Jules D\u00fcblin was the club's chairman. It was his ninth successive season as chairman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072365-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 FC Basel season, Overview\nRen\u00e9 Bader continued as the team's player-coach, for the third consecutive season with Willy D\u00fcrr as his assistant. However, in this season Bader only played in one test match. Basel played a total of 43 games during their 1954\u201355 season. Of these 43 matches 26 were in the domestic league, three matches were in the Swiss Cup and 14 were test or friendly matches. The test/friendly games resulted with five victories, two were drawn and seven matches ended with a defeat. In total, including the test games and the cup competition, 17 games were won, six were drawn and 20 were lost. In their 41 games they scored 101 goals and conceded 98.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 675]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072365-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 FC Basel season, Overview\nThere were fourteen teams contesting in the 1954\u201355 Nationalliga A, the last two teams in the table were to be relegated. Basel won 10 of their 26 games and drew four times and lost 12 times. They scored 47 goals and conceded 52. Basel ended the championship with 24 points in 9th position. They were 18 points behind La Chaux-de-Fonds who won the Swiss Championship for the second time in a row. Thun and Luzern suffered relegation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072365-0002-0001", "contents": "1954\u201355 FC Basel season, Overview\nJosef H\u00fcgi was Basel's top league goal scorer with 20 goals and he was third top goal scorer in the league behind Marcel Mauron from La Chaux-de-Fonds who had scored 30 times. Bannwart was Basel's second best goal scorer with eight goals. Further, Hansueli Oberer scored five and Juan Monros netted four times.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072365-0003-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 FC Basel season, Overview\nBasel joined the Swiss Cup in the third principal round. They were drawn away against lower tier local team FC Riehen, but the match was played at the Landhof and Basel won 6\u20130. In the fourth round they were drawn at home to lower tier FC Olten and Basel won 2\u20130. In the fifth round Basel were drawn at home to Z\u00fcrich. But here they were knocked out of the competition", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072365-0004-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 FC Basel season, Players\nThe following is the list of the Basel first team squad during the season 1954\u201355. The list includes players that were in the squad on the day that the Nationalliga A season started on 29 August 1954 but subsequently left the club after that date.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072365-0005-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 FC Basel season, Players\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072365-0006-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 FC Basel season, Players\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072366-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 FK Partizan season\nThe 1954\u201355 season was the 9th season in FK Partizan's existence. This article shows player statistics and matches that the club played during the 1954\u201355 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072367-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Football League\nThe 1954\u201355 season was the 56th completed season of The Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 96]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072367-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Football League, Final league tables\nThe tables below are reproduced here in the exact form that they can be found at  website and in Rothmans Book of Football League Records 1888\u201389 to 1978\u201379, with home and away statistics separated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072367-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Football League, Final league tables\nBeginning with the season 1894\u201395, clubs finishing level on points were separated according to goal average (goals scored divided by goals conceded), or more properly put, goal ratio. In case one or more teams had the same goal difference, this system favoured those teams who had scored fewer goals. The goal average system was eventually scrapped beginning with the 1976\u201377 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072367-0003-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Football League, Final league tables\nFrom the 1922\u201323 season, the bottom two teams of both Third Division North and Third Division South were required to apply for re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072367-0004-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Football League, First Division\nChelsea celebrated their 50th anniversary by winning the First Division title \u2013 the first major trophy of their history. They finished four points above runners-up and defending champions Wolverhampton Wanderers, who were level on points with Portsmouth and Sunderland. Manchester United recovered well after a slow start to the season and finished fifth. Leicester City and Sheffield Wednesday went down to the Second Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 39], "content_span": [40, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072368-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Fort Wayne Pistons season\nThe 1954\u201355 Fort Wayne Pistons season was the seventh season for the Pistons in the National Basketball Association (NBA) and 14th season as a franchise. In the Western Division Finals the Pistons eliminated the Minneapolis Lakers 3-1 in a best-of-five series to reach the NBA Finals. They would go on to lose the Finals in seven games to the Syracuse Nationals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072369-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Four Hills Tournament\nAt the third edition of the annual Four Hills Tournament in Germany and Austria, Hemmo Silvennoinen became the first ski jumper to win the tournament without winning any of the single events. He won ahead of two other Finns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072369-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Four Hills Tournament, Participating nations and athletes\nDefending champion Olaf Bj\u00f8rnstad did not compete. The winner of the inaugural tournament, Sepp Bradl did compete and ended up fourth overall, in spite of disappointing results on the German hills (15th and 12th).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 65], "content_span": [66, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072369-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Four Hills Tournament, Participating nations and athletes\nThe following athletes are on the FIS record, although it is likely incomplete.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 65], "content_span": [66, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072369-0003-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Four Hills Tournament, Results, Innsbruck\nAfter two consecutive victories, Aulis Kallakorpi only finished twentieth in Innsbruck, falling back in the overall ranking. Winner Ruste, similarly, was missing a competitive result from Garmisch-Partenkirchen. Thus, Hemmo Silvennoinen took the overall lead, only 1.5 points ahead of Eino Kirjonen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 49], "content_span": [50, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072370-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 French Division 1\nStade de Reims won Division 1 season 1954/1955 of the French Association Football League with 44 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072370-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 French Division 1, Final table\nPromoted from Division 2, who will play in Division 1 season 1955/1956", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 38], "content_span": [39, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072371-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 French Division 2, Overview\nIt was contested by 20 teams, and Sedan Torcy won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 35], "content_span": [36, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072372-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 French Rugby Union Championship\nThe  1954-55 French Rugby Union Championship of first division was contested by 48 clubs divided into six pools of eight. The five better of each pool and the two better sixths (for a sum of 32 clubs) were qualified to play a \"single match play-off\" tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072372-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 French Rugby Union Championship\nPreviously the FFR created three divisions: Nationale (or first division), F\u00e9d\u00e9rale (second division) and Excellence (third division).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072372-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 French Rugby Union Championship\nThe Championship of first division was won by the Perpignan that defeated Lourdes in the final. It was the sixth won by Perpignan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072372-0003-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 French Rugby Union Championship, Context\nThe 1955 Five Nations Championship was won by Wales and France with some points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072372-0004-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 French Rugby Union Championship, Context\nThe Challenge Yves du Manoir was won by Perpignan that defeated Mazamet in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072372-0005-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 French Rugby Union Championship, \"Last 16\"\nIn bold the clubs qualified for the quarter of finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 50], "content_span": [51, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072372-0006-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 French Rugby Union Championship, Final\nThe match was played at the Parc Lescure that host the final of French Championship for the first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 46], "content_span": [47, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072373-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team\nThe 1954\u201355 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team represented Georgetown University during the 1954\u201355 NCAA college basketball season. Harry \"Buddy\" Jeannette coached them in his third season as head coach. The team was an independent and played its home games at McDonough Gymnasium on the Georgetown campus in Washington, D.C. It finished with a record of 12-13 and had no post-season play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072373-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Season recap\nSophomore forward Matt White joined the varsity team this year after a year on the freshman team. He scored in double figures eight times, including a season-high 22 in an upset of Fordham in the opening game of the Queen City Tournament in Buffalo, New York. He averaged 11.2 points per game, but his year came to an abrupt end when, with seven games remaining, he was among four players suspended for the rest of the season for violating team rules during a road trip.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072373-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Season recap\nJunior forward Warren Buehler had his second consecutive strong offensive season, scoring in double figures in 21 of the season's 25 games. For the second year in a row, the team lost one of its top scorers to an academic suspension at midseason, but Buehler compensated with ever-greater offensive performances, scoring in double figures in 15 of the final 16 games, including a season-high 31 points against Seton Hall. He ended the season as the team's top scorer for the second straight year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072373-0003-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Season recap\nLike White, sophomore center Joe Missett came to the varsity from the freshman team. He played in 20 of the season's 25 games and proved a capable center who could open up scoring opportunities for forwards Buehler and White. He scored a season-high 22 points against New York University and finished the season averaging 9.3 rebounds per game and as the team' second-highest scorer after Buehler.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 458]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072373-0004-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Season recap\nThe 1954\u201355 team opened the season at 9-3, but the various player suspensions affected its performance later in the year, and it lost 10 of its last 13 games and eight of its last ten. It finished the season with a record of 12-13, had no postseason play, and was not ranked in the Top 20 in the Associated Press Poll or Coaches' Poll at any time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072374-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Greek Football Cup\nThe 1954\u201355 Greek Football Cup was the 13th edition of The Greek Football Cup, or Greek Football Cup. The competition culminated with the Greek Cup Final, held at Leoforos Alexandras Stadium, on 12 June 1955. The match was contested by Panathinaikos and PAOK, with Panathinaikos winning by 2\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072374-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Greek Football Cup, Last qualifying round\n* Match suspended at 69th minute. Olympiacos scored and Olympiacos Patra players questioned goal's validity and left from the field.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 49], "content_span": [50, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072374-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Greek Football Cup, Final\nThe 13th Greek Cup Final was played at the Leoforos Alexandras Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 33], "content_span": [34, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072375-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Greenlandic Football Championship\nThe 1954\u201355 Greenlandic Football Championship (also known as the Danish: Fodboldturneringen Gr\u00f8nlandturneringen, Fodboldmesterskab i Gr\u00f8nland or Greenlandic: Angutit Inersimasut GM) was the 1st edition of the Greenlandic Men's Football Championship. The final round was held in Ilulissat. It was won by Nuuk Idraetslag who defeated Nagdlunguaq-48 in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072375-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Greenlandic Football Championship, Background\nThe first federation to organise a national football championship in Greenland was the GIF (Danish: Gr\u00f8nlands Idr\u00e6tsforening), a general sports federation that organised more than just football tournaments, founded on 3 September 1953 at a meeting attended by eleven clubs from Upernavik, Uummannaq, Qeqertarsuatsiaat, Qasigiannguit, Aasiaat, Sisimiut, Maniitsoq, Nuuk, Paamiut and Qaqortoq. The 1954\u201355 tournament was the first national football tournament and GIF continued to organise the competition, usually announced as Fodboldturneringen, Gr\u00f8nlandturneringen or Fodboldmesterskab i Gr\u00f8nland, until 1970.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 53], "content_span": [54, 664]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072375-0001-0001", "contents": "1954\u201355 Greenlandic Football Championship, Background\nFor the first decade of its existence, the tournament was held sporadically, with iterations often taking more than a year to complete. In 1971 a football specific federation, the Football Association of Greenland (Greenlandic: Kalaallit Nunaanni Isikkamik Arsaattartut Kattuffiat; Danish: Gr\u00f8nlands Boldspil-Union), was founded, and took over the organisation of the tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 53], "content_span": [54, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072375-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Greenlandic Football Championship, Competing teams\nIn total, 22 clubs registered for the tournament who were usually denoted by their home towns in newspaper reports rather than their club name. However, the two finalists were definitely the club sides Nuuk Idraetslag and Nagdlunguaq-48. Known participants are listed below:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 58], "content_span": [59, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072375-0003-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Greenlandic Football Championship, Competing teams\nN.B. : On 19 April 1954, Akavsak, from the town of Aamaruutissat, which was abandoned in 1965 played KSP from Qeqertarsuatsiaat. It is not clear whether that match was part of the tournament. Additionally, on 8 April 1955 a team from Qullissat (presumably Nanok) won 4\u20131 against a team from Aamaruutissat (presumably \u00c2kavsak). Again, it is not clear whether that match was part of the tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 58], "content_span": [59, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072375-0004-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Greenlandic Football Championship, Format\nThe competitions was divided into two sections, a north section (Danish: Nordkredsen), known to have been played as a single group and a southern section (Danish: Sydkredsen), known to have been divided into two groups. The top two teams in each group in the southern section played each other with the winners qualifying for a regional final to determine the entrant to the grand final. The northern section also featured at least two knockout rounds to determine their entrant. The final was played as a one off match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 49], "content_span": [50, 570]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072375-0005-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Greenlandic Football Championship, Recorded results, Pulje III (Nordkredsen)\nN.B. : The Nanok / Nagdlunguaq-48 was a replay after the initial game was annulled following a 3\u20132 win for Nanok.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 84], "content_span": [85, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072376-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Hapoel Balfouria F.C. season\nThe 1954\u201355 Hapoel Balfouria season was the club's 13th season since its establishment, in 1906, and 7th since the establishment of the State of Israel. This was the club's second and last season in the top division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072376-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Hapoel Balfouria F.C. season\nDuring the season, the club competed in Liga Alef (top division) and the State Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072376-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Hapoel Balfouria F.C. season, Match Results, Liga Alef\nLeague matches began on 6 February 1955, and by the time the season, only 20 rounds of matches were completed, delaying the end of the league season to the next season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 62], "content_span": [63, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072377-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Hapoel Hadera F.C. season\nThe 1954\u201355 Hapoel Hadera season was the club's 22nd season since its establishment, in 1934, and 7th since the establishment of the State of Israel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072377-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Hapoel Hadera F.C. season\nDuring the season, the club competed in Liga Alef (top division) and the State Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072377-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Hapoel Hadera F.C. season, Match Results, Liga Alef\nLeague matches began on 6 February 1955, and by the time the season, only 20 rounds of matches were completed, delaying the end of the league season to the next season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 59], "content_span": [60, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072378-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Hapoel Haifa F.C. season\nThe 1954\u201355 Hapoel Haifa season was the club's 32nd season since its establishment in 1924, and 7th since the establishment of the State of Israel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072378-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Hapoel Haifa F.C. season\nDuring the season, the club competed in Liga Alef (top division) and the State Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072378-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Hapoel Haifa F.C. season, Match Results, Liga Alef\nLeague matches began on 6 February 1955, and by the time the season, only 20 rounds of matches were completed, delaying the end of the league season to the next season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 58], "content_span": [59, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072379-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Hapoel Kfar Saba F.C. season\nThe 1954\u201355 Hapoel Kfar Saba season was the club's 28th season since its establishment in 1928, and 7th since the establishment of the State of Israel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072379-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Hapoel Kfar Saba F.C. season\nDuring the season, the club competed in Liga Alef (top division) and the State Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072379-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Hapoel Kfar Saba F.C. season, Match Results, Liga Alef\nLeague matches began on 6 February 1955, and by the time the season, only 20 rounds of matches were completed, delaying the end of the league season to the next season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 62], "content_span": [63, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072380-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Hapoel Petah Tikva F.C. season\nThe 1954\u201355 Hapoel Petah Tikva season was the club's 20th season since its establishment in 1935, and 7th since the establishment of the State of Israel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072380-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Hapoel Petah Tikva F.C. season\nDuring the season, the club competed in Liga Alef (top division) and the State Cup. In addition, the team took part in a joint tour to Cyprus with Maccabi Petah Tikva.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072380-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Hapoel Petah Tikva F.C. season, Match Results, Liga Alef\nLeague matches began on 6 February 1955, and by the time the season, only 20 rounds of matches were completed, delaying the end of the league season to the next season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 64], "content_span": [65, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072381-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Hapoel Ramat Gan F.C. season\nThe 1954\u201355 Hapoel Ramat Gan season was the club's 29th season since its establishment in 1927, and 7th since the establishment of the State of Israel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072381-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Hapoel Ramat Gan F.C. season\nDuring the season, the club competed in Liga Alef (top division) and the State Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072381-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Hapoel Ramat Gan F.C. season, Match Results, Liga Alef\nLeague matches began on 6 February 1955, and by the time the season, only 20 rounds of matches were completed, delaying the end of the league season to the next season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 62], "content_span": [63, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072382-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Hapoel Tel Aviv F.C. season\nThe 1954\u201355 Hapoel Tel Aviv season was the club's 32nd season since its establishment in 1923, and 7th since the establishment of the State of Israel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072382-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Hapoel Tel Aviv F.C. season\nDuring the season, the club competed in Liga Alef (top division) and the State Cup. In addition, the club played in the privately organized Shapira Cup, a four-club league competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072382-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Hapoel Tel Aviv F.C. season, Match results, Liga Alef\nLeague matches began on 6 February 1955, and by the time the season, only 20 rounds of matches were completed, delaying the end of the league season to the next season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 61], "content_span": [62, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072383-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Heart of Midlothian F.C. season\nDuring the 1954\u201355 season Hearts competed in the Scottish First Division, the Scottish Cup, the Scottish League Cup and the East of Scotland Shield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072384-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Hellenic Football League\nThe 1954\u201355 Hellenic Football League season was the second in the history of the Hellenic Football League, a football competition in England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072384-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Hellenic Football League, Clubs\nThe league featured 16 clubs which competed in the last season, along with two new clubs:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 39], "content_span": [40, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072385-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Hibernian F.C. season\nDuring the 1954\u201355 season Hibernian, a football club based in Edinburgh, came fifth out of 16 clubs in the Scottish First Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072386-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Honduran Amateur League\nThe 1954\u201355 Honduran Amateur League was the eighth edition of the Honduran Amateur League. C.D. Abac\u00e1 obtained its 1st national title. The season ran from 28 February 1954 to 20 March 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072386-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Honduran Amateur League, National championship round\nPlayed in a double round-robin format between the regional champions. Also known as the Cuadrangular.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 60], "content_span": [61, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072387-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Hong Kong First Division League\nThe 1954\u201355 Hong Kong First Division League season was the 44th since its establishment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072388-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season\nHuddersfield Town's 1954\u201355 campaign saw Town make a brilliant start in their second season back in the 1st Division. However, a disappointing mid-season ended their chance of improving on their 3rd-place finish the previous season. They eventually finished down in 12th place with 41 points, 7 points behind second placed Wolverhampton Wanderers. This was also the last season in which the leading goalscorer in Division 1 came from the club, when Jimmy Glazzard scored 32 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072388-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season, Squad at the start of the season\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 73], "content_span": [74, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072388-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season, Review\nAfter losing their first 3 matches, Town went on an impressive run of just 1 defeat in 12 matches, which included wins over Chelsea, Wolverhampton Wanderers and Portsmouth, the teams who would eventually be the top 3 at the end of the season. Other interesting results during the season were a 5\u20133 win over Arsenal at Highbury and a 6\u20134 defeat by Wolverhampton Wanderers at Molineux.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 47], "content_span": [48, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072388-0003-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season, Review\nJimmy Glazzard's 32 goals made him the top scorer in Division 1, but a depressing spell between mid-December and early April which saw Town fail to register a win in the league saw Town drop out of the top 5 of the table. However, Town's form in the FA Cup didn't reflect their league form, as they reached the 6th round for the first time since the 1938\u201339 season, before losing to Newcastle United in a replay at St James' Park. In the league they finished 12th with 41 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 47], "content_span": [48, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072388-0004-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season, Squad at the end of the season\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 71], "content_span": [72, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072389-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 IHL season\nThe 1954\u201355 IHL season was the tenth season of the International Hockey League, a North American minor professional league. Six teams participated in the regular season, and the Cincinnati Mohawks won the Turner Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072390-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Idaho Vandals men's basketball team\nThe 1954\u201355 Idaho Vandals men's basketball team represented the University of Idaho during the 1954\u201355 NCAA college basketball season. Members of the Pacific Coast Conference, the Vandals were led by first-year head coach Harlan Hodges and played their home games on campus at Memorial Gymnasium in Moscow, Idaho.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072390-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Idaho Vandals men's basketball team\nThe Vandals were 8\u201318 overall and 5\u201311 in conference play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072390-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Idaho Vandals men's basketball team\nHodges was hired in May 1954, after six seasons as head coach at Murray State in Kentucky.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072391-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball team\nThe 1954\u201355 Illinois Fighting Illini men\u2019s basketball team represented the University of Illinois.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072391-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball team, Regular season\nHead coach Harry Combes, in his eighth year at Illinois, directed a youthful team with only three returning seniors, none of which were regular players. Combes' team, once again, was primarily made of sophomores and juniors recruited from the state of Illinois.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 70], "content_span": [71, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072391-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball team, Regular season\nThe 1954-55 team had some talented juniors including the return of twin brothers, Paul and Phil Judson from Hebron, Illinois, Bruce Brothers and Bill Ridley. It also added sophomores George Bon Salle, Bill Altenberger, Hiles Stout, and future Illini head coach, Harv Schmidt. Exactly like the previous season, the Illini finished with a conference record of 10 wins and 4 losses, finishing in a 2nd place tie in the Big Ten. Unfortunately the Illini would lose 5 total games with three of the five losses coming at the hands of ranked opponents. The starting lineup included George Bon Salle at the center position, Bill Ridley and Bill Altenberger at guard and Bruce Brothers and Paul Judson at the forward slots.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 70], "content_span": [71, 785]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072392-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Indiana Hoosiers men's basketball team\nThe 1954\u201355 Indiana Hoosiers men's basketball team represented Indiana University. Their head coach was Branch McCracken, who was in his 14th year. The team played its home games in The Fieldhouse in Bloomington, Indiana, and was a member of the Big Ten Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072392-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Indiana Hoosiers men's basketball team\nThe Hoosiers finished the regular season with an overall record of 8\u201314 and a conference record of 5\u20139, finishing 6th in the Big Ten Conference. Indiana was not invited to participate in any postseason tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072393-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Iowa Hawkeyes men's basketball team\nThe 1954\u201355 Iowa Hawkeyes men's basketball team represented the University of Iowa in intercollegiate basketball during the 1954\u201355 season. The team finished the season with a 19\u20137 record (11-3 in Big Ten), won the Big Ten title, and made the school's first trip to the Final Four.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072393-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Iowa Hawkeyes men's basketball team, Roster\nThe group of juniors on this team \u2013 Sharm Scheuerman, Bill Logan, Carl Cain, Bill Seaberg and Bill Schoof \u2013 are known to Hawkeye fans as the \"Fabulous Five.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 51], "content_span": [52, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072394-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Iowa State Cyclones men's basketball team\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by BD2412 (talk | contribs) at 16:06, 8 September 2020 (\u2192\u200etop: Fixing links to disambiguation pages). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072394-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Iowa State Cyclones men's basketball team\nThe 1954\u201355 Iowa State Cyclones men's basketball team represented Iowa State University during the 1954-55 NCAA College men's basketball season. The Cyclones were coached by Bill Strannigan, who was in his first season with the Cyclones. They played their home games at the Iowa State Armory in Ames, Iowa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072394-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Iowa State Cyclones men's basketball team\nThey finished the season 11\u201310, 4\u20138 in Big Seven play to finish in sixth place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072395-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Iraq FA Baghdad First Division\nThe 1954\u201355 Iraq FA Baghdad First Division was the seventh season of the Iraq Central FA League (the top division of football in Baghdad and its neighbouring cities from 1948 to 1973). Al-Haris Al-Maliki won their sixth consecutive league title, beating the Civil Cantonment (C.C.) select team from Habbaniya in the final on 24 April 1955 at Al-Kashafa Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072395-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Iraq FA Baghdad First Division, Matches, Final\nThe C.C. team walked off the pitch late in the second half in protest at the referee's decision to award Al-Haris Al-Maliki a second penalty kick won by Ammo Baba. Al-Haris Al-Maliki were therefore awarded the trophy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 54], "content_span": [55, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072396-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Irish Cup\nThe 1954\u201355 Irish Cup was the 75th edition of Northern Ireland's premier football knock-out cup competition. It began on 5 February 1955, and concluded on 23 April with the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072396-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Irish Cup\nThe trophy was won by junior side Dundela, who pulled off one of the biggest shocks in Irish Cup history by defeating Irish League side Glenavon in the final, who had already won three senior trophies that season: the City Cup, Gold Cup and Ulster Cup. The defending champions were Derry City, who were defeated 3-2 in the first round by Linfield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072397-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Irish League\nThe Irish League in season 1954\u201355 comprised 12 teams, and Linfield won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072398-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Israel State Cup\nThe 1954\u201355 Israel State Cup (Hebrew: \u05d2\u05d1\u05d9\u05e2 \u05d4\u05de\u05d3\u05d9\u05e0\u05d4\u200e, Gvia HaMedina) was the 18th season of Israel's nationwide football cup competition and the third after the Israeli Declaration of Independence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072398-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Israel State Cup\nMatches began on 22 January 1955, but was not concluded until the end of the 1954\u201355 season, and the later rounds were held in autumn 1955, at the beginning of the 1955\u201356 season. The final was held at the Basa Stadium in Tel Aviv on 19 November 1955. Maccabi Tel Aviv appeared in its fifth consecutive final and after defeating Hapoel Petah Tikva 3\u20131, won its 8th cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072398-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Israel State Cup, Results, First round\nFirst round matches were played between Liga Gimel teams. Matches were held on 22 January 1955. However, since there was a dispute between the Maccabi and Hapoel faction within the IFA, Maccabi teams declined to play their matches. These matches, completing the round, were played on 19 February 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 46], "content_span": [47, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072398-0003-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Israel State Cup, Results, Second round\nLiga Bet teams entered the competition. Matches were held on 26 February 1955. Two ties went into a replay, and one, between Liga Gimel teams Hapoel HaMegabesh and Hapoel Be'er Ya'akov needed a further replay in order to be settled. The tie between Hapoel Nahariya and Hapoel Beit Lid also proved troublesome. While Nahariya won the match between the team 2\u20130, a walkover win was given to Beit Lid since the playing field in Nahariya was lacking a fence between the field and the stands.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 47], "content_span": [48, 535]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072398-0003-0001", "contents": "1954\u201355 Israel State Cup, Results, Second round\nNahariya appealed the decision and went to civil court in order to obtain an injunction forbidding any further cup matches until the matter is resolved. However, as in the month between the second and the third rounds the appeal was accepted and the original result was restored, there was no delay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 47], "content_span": [48, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072398-0004-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Israel State Cup, Results, Second round, Replays\nAs the tie between Hapoel Be'er Ya'akov and Hapoel HaMegabesh wasn't settled, a draw of lots were held, in which Hapoel Be'er Ya'akov won.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 56], "content_span": [57, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072398-0005-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Israel State Cup, Results, Third round\nMost of Liga Alef teams, which entered the competition on this round, cruised to the next round. Maccabi Petah Tikva found Liga Gimel club Maccabi Shmuel Tel Aviv hard to beat, being saved by a 90th-minute goal to go through, and Hapoel Balfouria needed extra time to win at home against Hapoel Ra'anana. Most matches were played on 26 March 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 46], "content_span": [47, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072398-0005-0001", "contents": "1954\u201355 Israel State Cup, Results, Third round\nTwo matches, both scheduled to be played in Jerusalem, were postponed due to weather conditions and were finally played on 7 May 1955, both ending with surprise winners, as Liga Gimel club Orthodox Haifa thrashed Hapoel Jerusalem from Liga bet and Liga Aleph club Hapoel Kfar Saba crashing to Liga bet club (and former cup finalist and joint-holder) Maccabi Jerusalem.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 46], "content_span": [47, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072398-0006-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Israel State Cup, Results, Fourth round\nThe 17 winners from the previous round were drawn to eight ties, with Hapoel Balfouria receiving a bye to an intermediate round. All matches were held on 28 May 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 47], "content_span": [48, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072398-0007-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Israel State Cup, Results, Intermediate round\nOf the eight fourth round winners, Hapoel Petah Tikva was drawn to play Hapoel Balfouria. The match was supposed to be played on 9 July 1955, but Balfouria withdrew and Petah Tikva was given a walkover win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 53], "content_span": [54, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072398-0008-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Israel State Cup, Results, Quarter-finals\nThe 1955\u201356 season opened with the task of completing last season's cup competition. Three of the four ties, all played on 27 August 1955, yielded a decisive result, with Maccabi Tel Aviv registering its third consecutive 6\u20130 win, while the other tie was only settled after extra time was played.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 49], "content_span": [50, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072399-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Istanbul Football League\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Frietjes (talk | contribs) at 13:57, 12 May 2020. The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072399-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Istanbul Football League\nThe 1954\u201355 \u0130stanbul Football League season was the 45th season of the league. Galatasaray SK won the league for the 13th time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072400-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Isthmian League\nThe 1954\u201355 season was the 40th in the history of the Isthmian League, an English football competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072400-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Isthmian League\nWalthamstow Avenue were champions, winning their third Isthmian League title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072401-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball team\nThe 1954\u201355 Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball team represented the University of Kansas during the 1954\u201355 college men's basketball season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072402-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 La Liga\nThe 1954\u201355 La Liga was the 24th season since its establishment. Real Madrid won the title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072403-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 La Salle Explorers men's basketball team, Season summary\nRobert Ames, later a CIA official killed in the 1983 bombing of the United States embassy in Beirut, Lebanon, was a member of the 1954-55 Explorers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 64], "content_span": [65, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072404-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Lancashire Cup\n1954\u201355 was the forty-second occasion on which the Lancashire Cup competition had been held. This year, the first time for many years save a new name on the trophy. Barrow changed codes to rugby league in 1897, were promoted into the league for season 1900\u201301 and have taken part in every one of the Lancashire Cup competitions since their inception in 1905, and now finally, almost 50 years later, they won the trophy by beating Oldham in the final by the score of 12-2. The match was played at Station Road, Pendlebury (historically in the county of Lancashire). The attendance was 25,204 and receipts were \u00a34,603.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 639]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072404-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Lancashire Cup, Background\nThis year saw the entry on new league members Blackpool Borough, and this together with the invitation to juniors, Lancashire Amateurs brought the total number of clubs to a full complement of 16. For the first time in the competition, there was no need to have any byes or \u201cblank/dummy\u201d fixtures. The same pre-war fixture format was retained, but, as mentioned, for the first time without any bye or dummy\u201d fixtures. And for the first time since the outbreak of war in 1939, the two-legged fixtures were abolished, resulting in the competition being played on a knock-out basis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 614]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072404-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Lancashire Cup, Competition and results, Round 1\nInvolved  8 matches (with no bye or \u201cblank\u201d fixture) and 16 clubs", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 56], "content_span": [57, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072404-0003-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Lancashire Cup, Competition and results, Final, Teams and scorers\nScoring - Try = three (3) points - Goal = two (2) points - Drop goal = two (2) points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 73], "content_span": [74, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072404-0004-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Lancashire Cup, Notes and comments\n1 * This season saw, for the first time ever, a full 16 clubs taking part and also a return to a knock-out tournament in ll rounds. 2 * The first Lancashire Cup match played by the new club Blackpool Borough  and on this, their first ground 3 * Lancashire Amateurs were a junior (or amateur) club from Lancashire 4 * The last game played by this founding club.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 42], "content_span": [43, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072404-0004-0001", "contents": "1954\u201355 Lancashire Cup, Notes and comments\nAt the end of the season they folded 5 * Station Road was the home ground of Swinton from 1929 to 1932 and at its peak was one of the finest rugby league grounds in the country and it boasted a capacity of 60,000. The actual record attendance was for the Challenge Cup semi-final on 7 April 1951 when 44,621 watched Wigan beat Warrington 3-2", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 42], "content_span": [43, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072405-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Landsdelsserien\nThe 1954\u201355 Landsdelsserien was a Norwegian second-tier football league season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072405-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Landsdelsserien\nThe league was contested by 54 teams, divided into a total of seven groups from four districts; \u00d8stland/S\u00f8ndre, \u00d8stland/Nordre, S\u00f8rland/Vestre and M\u00f8re/Tr\u00f8ndelag. The two group winners in the \u00d8stland districts, Rapid and Frigg promoted directly to the 1955\u201356 Hovedserien. The other five group winners qualified for promotion play-offs to compete for two spots in the following season's top flight. Varegg and Kvik won the play-offs and were promoted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072405-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Landsdelsserien, Promotion play-offs\nVaregg won 3\u20132 over Bryne and were promoted to Hovedserien.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072405-0003-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Landsdelsserien, Promotion play-offs\nKvik won 5\u20132 on aggregate and were promoted to Hovedserien.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072406-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 League Algiers\nThe season 1954\u201355 the League Algiers Football Association, started on September 18, 1954. and ended on May 29, 1955. This is the 33rd edition of the championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072407-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 League of Ireland, Overview\nIt was contested by 12 teams, and St Patrick's Athletic F.C. won the championship for the second time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 35], "content_span": [36, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072408-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Liga Alef\nThe 1954\u201355 Liga Alef season was the last in which it was the Israel's top football league, as the following season it was replaced by Liga Leumit and became the country's second tier. It consisted of 14 clubs, the 12 from the top division in the previous season and two promoted clubs (Hapoel Hadera and Beitar Jerusalem). It used two points for a win and one for a draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072408-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Liga Alef\nThe title was won by Hapoel Petah Tikva, the club's first championship, whilst Hapoel Hadera and Hapoel Balfouria (who had finished bottom the previous season) were relegated automatically. Beitar Jerusalem and Hapoel Kfar Saba took part in the promotion/relegation play-offs with the top two clubs from Liga Bet, in which Kfar Saba retained their place in the top division, but Beitar were relegated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072408-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Liga Alef, Final table, Positions by round\nThe table lists the positions of teams after each week of matches. In order to preserve chronological evolvements, any postponed matches are not included to the round at which they were originally scheduled, but added to the full round they were played immediately afterwards. For example, if a match is scheduled for matchday 13, but then postponed and played between days 16 and 17, it will be added to the standings for day 17.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 50], "content_span": [51, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072408-0003-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Liga Alef, Promotion-relegation play-off\nA promotion-relegation play-off between the 12th and 11th-placed teams in Liga Alef, Hapoel Kfar Saba and Beitar Jerusalem, and the winners of the regional divisions of Liga Bet, Maccabi Jaffa and Hapoel Kiryat Haim. Each team played the other three once.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 48], "content_span": [49, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072409-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Liga Bet\nThe 1954\u201355 Liga Bet season was the last in which Liga Bet was the second tier of Israeli football, as the new Liga Leumit became the top division and Liga Alef became the second tier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072409-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Liga Bet\nHapoel Kiryat Haim (North Division champions) and Maccabi Jaffa (South Division champions) qualify for promotion\\relegation play-offs with the 11th- and 12th-placed clubs in Liga Alef.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072409-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Liga Bet, South Division, Promotion-relegation play-off\nA promotion-relegation play-off between the 12th and 11th-placed teams in Liga Alef, Hapoel Kfar Saba and Beitar Jerusalem, and the winners of the regional divisions of Liga Bet, Maccabi Jaffa and Hapoel Kiryat Haim. Each team played the other three once.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 63], "content_span": [64, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072410-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Liga Gimel\nThe 1954\u201355 Liga Gimel season was the last in which Liga Gimel was the third tier of Israeli football, as the new Liga Leumit became the top division, Liga Alef became the second tier, and Liga Bet became the third tier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072410-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Liga Gimel\nHapoel Tirat HaCarmel, Hapoel Even Yehuda, Beitar Mahane Yehuda, Maccabi Shmuel Tel Aviv, Hapoel HaMegabesh Rishon LeZion and Hapoel Mefalsim won their regional divisions and promoted to Liga Bet, the new third tier, whilst Hapoel Tel Hanan, Maccabi Binyamina, Hapoel Bnei Brak\\Kiryat Ono, Shimshon Tel Aviv and Maccabi Ramla were also promoted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072410-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Liga Gimel\nWhen the W-D-L record is not similar to the total number of matches played, the missing matches were declared 0-0 without points by the Israel Football Association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072411-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Liverpool F.C. season\nThe 1954\u201355 season was the 62nd season in Liverpool F.C. 's existence, and was their first year in the Second Division since 1905, after their relegation from the First Division the previous season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072411-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Liverpool F.C. season\nNot only did Liverpool not make any sort of promotion challenge this season, a terrible start saw them in serious danger of relegation to the Third Division North for much of the season. A late run of form ultimately saw Liverpool safe, but their eventual finish of 11th place remains their lowest-ever Football League final position.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072412-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Luxembourg National Division\nThe 1954\u201355 Luxembourg National Division was the 41st season of top level association football in Luxembourg.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072412-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Luxembourg National Division, Overview\nIt was performed in 12 teams, and Stade Dudelange won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 46], "content_span": [47, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072413-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 MJHL season, League notes\nBrandon granted a leave of absence. The Stratton brothers Art and Gord set a league record for most points (76) in a single season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072414-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Maccabi Haifa F.C. season\nThe 1954\u201355 Maccabi Haifa season was the club's 42nd season since its establishment, in 1913, and 7th since the establishment of the State of Israel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072414-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Maccabi Haifa F.C. season\nDuring the season, the club competed in Liga Alef (top division) and the State Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072414-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Maccabi Haifa F.C. season, Match Results, Liga Alef\nLeague matches began on 6 February 1955, and by the time the season, only 20 rounds of matches were completed, delaying the end of the league season to the next season. Before the start of the season, Maccabi Haifa played one match to complete the 1953\u201354 Liga Alef season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 59], "content_span": [60, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072415-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Maccabi Netanya F.C. season\nThe 1954\u201355 Maccabi Netanya season was the club's 21st season since its establishment in 1934, and 7th since the establishment of the State of Israel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072415-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Maccabi Netanya F.C. season\nDuring the season, the club competed in Liga Alef (top division) and the State Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072415-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Maccabi Netanya F.C. season, Match Results, Liga Alef\nLeague matches began on 6 February 1955, and by the time the season, only 20 rounds of matches were completed, delaying the end of the league season to the next season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 61], "content_span": [62, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072416-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Maccabi Petah Tikva F.C. season\nThe 1954\u201355 Maccabi Petah Tikva season was the club's 44th season since its establishment in 1912, and 7th since the establishment of the State of Israel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072416-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Maccabi Petah Tikva F.C. season\nDuring the season, the club competed in Liga Alef (top division) and the State Cup. In addition, the team took part, along with Hapoel Petah Tikva, on a tour to Cyprus.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072416-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Maccabi Petah Tikva F.C. season, Match Results, Liga Alef\nLeague matches began on 6 February 1955, and by the time the season, only 20 rounds of matches were completed, delaying the end of the league season to the next season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 65], "content_span": [66, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072417-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Maccabi Rehovot F.C. season\nThe 1954\u201355 Maccabi Rehovot season was the club's 44th season since its establishment in 1912, and 7th since the establishment of the State of Israel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072417-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Maccabi Rehovot F.C. season\nDuring the season, the club competed in Liga Alef (top division) and the State Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072417-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Maccabi Rehovot F.C. season, Match Results, Liga Alef\nLeague matches began on 6 February 1955, and by the time the season, only 20 rounds of matches were completed, delaying the end of the league season to the next season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 61], "content_span": [62, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072418-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Maccabi Tel Aviv F.C. season\nThe 1954\u201355 Maccabi Tel Aviv season was the club's 49th season since its establishment, in 1906, and 7th since the establishment of the State of Israel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072418-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Maccabi Tel Aviv F.C. season\nDuring the season, the club competed in Liga Alef (top division) and the State Cup. In addition, the club played in the privately organized Shapira Cup, a four-club league competition and took tours to Italy and England (the later while being billed as Maccabi Israel).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072418-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Maccabi Tel Aviv F.C. season, Match results, Liga Alef\nLeague matches began on 6 February 1955, and by the time the season, only 20 rounds of matches were completed, delaying the end of the league season to the next season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 62], "content_span": [63, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072419-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Macedonian Republic League\nThe 1954\u201355 Macedonian Republic League was the 11th since its establishment. Metalec Skopje won their first championship title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072420-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Magyar Kupa\nThe 1954\u201355 Magyar Kupa (English: Hungarian Cup) was the 23rd season of Hungary's annual knock-out cup football competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072421-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Maltese Premier League\nThe 1954\u201355 Maltese First Division was the 40th season of top-tier football in Malta. It was contested by 8 teams, and Floriana F.C. won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072422-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Manchester United F.C. season\nThe 1954\u201355 season was Manchester United's 53rd season in the Football League, and their tenth consecutive season in the top division of English football. United finished fifth in the league. Their top scorer was Dennis Viollet, with 21 goals. Departing the club at the end of the season was veteran forward Jack Rowley after 18 years at Old Trafford. With younger players continuing to form the mainstay of the side, several more made their debuts this season, including Dublin born forward Billy Whelan who made his senior debut just before his 20th birthday.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072423-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Mansfield Town F.C. season\nThe 1954\u201355 season was Mansfield Town's 17th season in the Football League and 12th season in the Third Division North, they finished in 13th position with 45 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072424-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Mexican Primera Divisi\u00f3n season\nStatistics of the Primera Divisi\u00f3n de M\u00e9xico for the 1954\u201355 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072424-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Mexican Primera Divisi\u00f3n season, Overview\nThe season was contested by 12 teams, and Zacatepec won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 49], "content_span": [50, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072424-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Mexican Primera Divisi\u00f3n season, Promotion Playoff\nWith the intention of increasing the number of teams in the First Division to 14 clubs, the Mexican Football Federation organized a promotional tournament between the two worst teams of the first level and the second, third and fourth teams of the Second Division. The playoff had five teams: Atlante, Marte, Cuautla, Quer\u00e9taro and Zamora.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 58], "content_span": [59, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072425-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Mexican Segunda Divisi\u00f3n season\nThe 1954\u201355 Mexican Segunda Divisi\u00f3n was the 5th season of the Mexican Segunda Divisi\u00f3n. The season started on 9 August 1954 and concluded on 8 May 1955. It was won by Atlas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072425-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Mexican Segunda Divisi\u00f3n season, Promotion Playoff\nFor the 1955-56 season it was decided to expand the First Division from 12 to 14 teams. A promotion consisting of five clubs was organized: 2 from the First Division and 3 from the Second. The classified teams were: Atlante and Marte from Primera Divisi\u00f3n and Cuautla, Zamora and Quer\u00e9taro from Second Division. Atlante remained at the First Division, Zamora and Cuautla were promoted. Marte was relegated to Segunda Divisi\u00f3n and Quer\u00e9taro remained at the same league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 58], "content_span": [59, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072426-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team\nThe 1954\u201355 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team represented the University of Michigan in intercollegiate basketball during the 1954\u201355 season. The team finished the season in a tie for 6th place in the Big Ten Conference with an overall record of 11\u201311 and 5\u20139 against conference opponents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072426-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team\nWilliam Perigo was in his third year as the team's head coach. Sophomore Ron Kramer was the team's leading scorer with 352 points in 22 games for an average of 16.0 points per game. Paul Groffsky was the team captain. Two members of the team went on to play as a professional in sports other than basketball. Kramer played in the National Football League, and Don Eaddy played Major League Baseball.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 449]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072426-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team, Team players drafted into the NBA\nOne player from this team were selected in the NBA Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 84], "content_span": [85, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072427-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey season\nThe 1954\u201355 Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey team represented the University of Michigan in college ice hockey. In its 11th year under head coach Vic Heyliger, the team compiled an 18\u20135\u20131 record, outscored opponents 107 to 70, and won the 1955 NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Tournament. The 1955 championship was Michigan's fifth NCAA hockey championship in eight years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072427-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey season\nDuring the regular season, the Wolverines finished in second place in the Western Intercollegiate Hockey League (WIHL) with a 13-5-0 record against conference opponents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072427-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey season\nTeam captain Bill MacFarland was the leading scorer with 56 points on 33 goals and 23 assists. For the second time in program history, six Michigan players were selected as first-team All-Americans. The All-American selections were defensemen Mike Buchanan and Bob Schiller, goalie Lorne Howes, and forwards MacFarland, Dick Dunnigan, and Tom Rendall. Howes, MacFarland, and Rendall were also named to the NCAA Frozen Four All Tournament First Team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072427-0003-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey season, Season\nMichigan was coming off of their seventh consecutive trip to the NCAA tournament but after losing what the team deemed to be inferior opponent the Wolverines saw their championship run end in the semifinal. Head Coach Had the Maize and Blue raring to go against McGill for their home opener, winning 7\u20132 but the team appeared to slip a bit after that. They finished their non-conference schedule 3\u20130\u20131 but when they headed to Colorado to face the Tigers and the Pioneers they came home with only 1 win in four games. After taking both games against hated rival Michigan State in a home-and-home series they split two consecutive weeks against Minnesota and Michigan Tech.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 59], "content_span": [60, 731]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072427-0004-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey season, Season\nWith more than half of their season over the Wolverines were at risk of missing the tournament for the first time with only a middling 5\u20135 record in the WIHL. Beginning with their second series against the Spartans in mid-February Michigan began showing the mettle that earned them four national titles in six years. The defense buckled down while the Wolverine attack seemed to score at will, winning eight straight games while averaging almost six goals per game. The winning streak allowed Michigan to separate themselves away from the rest of their competition and join Colorado College comfortably at the top of the conference. With a second place finish in the WIHL Michigan received the #2 western seed and they headed back to Colorado Springs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 59], "content_span": [60, 811]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072427-0005-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey season, Season\nThe Wolverines began the 1955 championship against Harvard who were led by the nation's leading scorer in Bill Cleary (who averaged more than 4 points per game by himself). The Crimson offense was stymied by the Wolverines who continued to rack up the goals and take the semifinal 7\u20133. Two days later the Wolverines were again facing Colorado College in what amounted to a road game though this time the winner would skate away with the national championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 59], "content_span": [60, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072427-0006-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey season, Season\nTom Rendall opened the scoring less than three minutes into the game and after exchanging the lead the Wolverines ended the first up 2-1. The CC offense started to ratchet itself up in the second, outshooting Michigan 15\u20136 but the second frame ended with the same score as the first. The Tigers increased their pace even more in the third but it was Michigan's Jay Gould who found the net first, increasing the Wolverine lead to 3\u20131. Colorado College did close the gap back to a single goal but less than a minute later Michigan restored their two-goal advantage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 59], "content_span": [60, 623]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072427-0006-0001", "contents": "1954\u201355 Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey season, Season\nClare Smith got the Tigers back within one less than three minutes left but Lorne Howes refused to allow any more recording his 47th save of the night before captain Bill MacFarland salted the game away with an empty-net marker at 19:57. Despite the herculean effort by the Wolverines it was Phil Hilton of the opposition who received the Tournament Most Outstanding Player though Howes, MacFarland and Rendall were all named to the All-Tournament First Team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 59], "content_span": [60, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072427-0007-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey season, Standings\nWhen teams met each other four times, one point was awarded for a win, one-half point for a tie. Maximum of 24 points available.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 62], "content_span": [63, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072428-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Milwaukee Hawks season\nThe 1954\u201355 NBA season was the Hawks' sixth season in the NBA and the fourth and final season in Milwaukee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072428-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Milwaukee Hawks season\nThere would not be another NBA franchise in Milwaukee, until the Bucks began play in 1968.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072429-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Minneapolis Lakers season\nThe 1954\u201355 NBA season was the Lakers' seventh season in the NBA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072430-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Montenegrin Republic League\nThe 1954\u201355 Montenegrin Republic League was 10th season of Montenegrin Republic League. Season began in August 1954 and ended in May 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072430-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Montenegrin Republic League, Season\nNumber of participants stay the same as in season 1953\u201354. Big change was made after the statement of Football Association of Yugoslavia about reorganising Yugoslav Second League, with model od five different groups (zones) from season 1955\u201356. With that decision, six teams from Montenegrin Republic League 1954-55 expected a promotion to Second League. On season 1954\u201355, for the first time in Montenegrin Republic League participated OFK Titograd (under the name Mladost Titograd) and Radni\u010dki Nik\u0161i\u0107. Tenth edition of Montenegrin Republic League won Sutjeska, who finished championship undefeated. Except them, promotion to newly structured Yugoslav Second League gained five another teams. Iskra gained promotion to higher level too, but due to technical difficulties they quit. Their place was taken by Arsenal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 43], "content_span": [44, 861]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072430-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Montenegrin Republic League, Higher leagues\nOn season 1954\u201355, three Montenegrin teams played in higher leagues of SFR Yugoslavia. All of them (Budu\u0107nost, Lov\u0107en and Bokelj) played in 1954\u201355 Yugoslav Second League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072431-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Montreal Canadiens season\nThe 1954\u201355 Montreal Canadiens season was the Canadiens' 46th season of play. The Canadiens finished in second place in the National Hockey League (NHL) with a record of 41 wins, 18 losses, and 11 ties for 93 points. In the playoffs, they defeated the Boston Bruins in five games in the semi-finals before falling to the Detroit Red Wings in seven games in the Stanley Cup Finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072431-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Montreal Canadiens season\nThis season was notable for the suspension of Maurice \"Rocket\" Richard, Montreal's star player, by NHL president Clarence Campbell after a vicious fight with Boston defenceman Hal Laycoe and Richard punching an on-ice official. The suspension sparked a riot by angry Canadiens fans on March 17, 1955, during a game against the Red Wings (see below).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072431-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Montreal Canadiens season, Regular season, The Richard Riot\nOn March 13, 1955, Canadiens star Maurice Richard was involved in a fighting incident in Boston. Boston's Hal Laycoe high-sticked Richard and cut him on the head, momentarily leaving Richard dazed and prone on the ice. Richard then got up off the ice and attacked Laycoe, breaking his stick on Laycoe. While linesman Cliff Thompson restrained Richard, Laycoe got up and punched Richard. Richard broke free and punched Thompson in the face. This was Richard's second incident with an official that season and a league disciplinary hearing was held.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 67], "content_span": [68, 615]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072431-0002-0001", "contents": "1954\u201355 Montreal Canadiens season, Regular season, The Richard Riot\nNHL president Clarence Campbell (who had previously been criticized publicly by Richard) then suspended Richard for the rest of the season and the playoffs; at the time, this was the longest suspension for an on-ice incident in NHL history. The Bruins' Laycoe received no fine or suspension for his actions. Public outrage from Montreal soon poured in, but Campbell stood firm, and moreover announced that he would be attending the Canadiens' next home game against the Red Wings on March 17.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 67], "content_span": [68, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072431-0003-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Montreal Canadiens season, Regular season, The Richard Riot\nMidway into the first period, Campbell arrived with his fianc\u00e9e. Outraged Canadiens fans immediately began pelting them with eggs, vegetables, and various debris, with more being thrown at him each time the Red Wings scored, building up a 4\u20131 lead on Montreal. The continuous pelting of various objects stopped when a tear gas bomb was set off inside the Forum not far from where Campbell was sitting. The Forum was ordered evacuated and Campbell ruled the game forfeited to the Red Wings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 67], "content_span": [68, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072431-0003-0001", "contents": "1954\u201355 Montreal Canadiens season, Regular season, The Richard Riot\nThat was the last straw, as a riot ensued outside the Forum, causing $500,000 in damage to the neighbourhood and the Forum itself. Hundreds of stores were looted and vandalized within a 15-block radius of the Forum. Twelve policemen and 25 civilians were injured. The riot continued well into the night, with police arresting people by the truckload. Local radio stations, which carried live coverage of the riot for over seven hours, had to be forced off the air. The riot was eventually over at 3 am, and left Montreal's Rue Ste-Catherine a mess.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 67], "content_span": [68, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072431-0004-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Montreal Canadiens season, Regular season, The Richard Riot\nRichard's suspension also cost him the Art Ross Trophy, the closest he ever came to winning it. When Richard's teammate Bernie Geoffrion passed him on the last day of the regular season, he was booed by Montreal faithful. Geoffrion, a right winger, was struggling to gain recognition of his considerable talents because the three leading right wingers of the 1950s were Gordie Howe of the Detroit Red Wings, Andy Bathgate of the New York Rangers, and Richard, Geoffrion's own teammate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 67], "content_span": [68, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072431-0005-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Montreal Canadiens season, Regular season, The Richard Riot\nThe Canadiens lost the Cup Final to Detroit in seven games, but would win the Cup in the year after, fittingly over the Red Wings \u2014 and the next four years in a row after that. Richard retired in 1960 after the Canadiens' fifth straight Stanley Cup, a record that still stands.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 67], "content_span": [68, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072431-0006-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Montreal Canadiens season, Schedule and results\n\u2021 Forfeited to Detroit after one period. Goals and assists for the game still counted as official.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 55], "content_span": [56, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072431-0007-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Montreal Canadiens season, Playoffs\nMontreal defeated the Boston Bruins 4\u20131 to reach the finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072431-0008-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Montreal Canadiens season, Roster\n4\u00a0\u2013\u00a0Beliveau\u00a0\u20225\u00a0\u2013\u00a0Geoffrion\u00a0\u20226\u00a0\u2013\u00a0Curry\u00a0\u20228\u00a0\u2013\u00a0LeClair\u00a0\u20229\u00a0\u2013\u00a0Richard\u00a0\u202211\u00a0\u2013\u00a0MacKay\u00a0\u202212\u00a0\u2013\u00a0Moore\u00a0\u202214\u00a0\u2013\u00a0Ronty\u00a0\u202215\u00a0\u2013\u00a0Olmstead\u00a0\u202217\u00a0\u2013\u00a0Litzenberger\u00a0\u202217\u00a0\u2013\u00a0Blaine\u00a0\u202218\u00a0\u2013\u00a0Mosdell\u00a0\u202220\u00a0\u2013\u00a0Meger\u00a0\u202220\u00a0\u2013\u00a0Bartlett\u00a0\u202222\u00a0\u2013\u00a0Tessier\u00a0\u202222\u00a0\u2013\u00a0Marshall\u00a0\u202223\u00a0\u2013\u00a0Mazur\u00a0\u202223\u00a0\u2013\u00a0Lamirande\u00a0\u202224\u00a0\u2013\u00a0Rousseau", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 41], "content_span": [42, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072431-0009-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Montreal Canadiens season, Roster\n2\u00a0\u2013\u00a0Harvey\u00a0\u20223\u00a0\u2013\u00a0Bouchard\u00a0\u202210\u00a0\u2013\u00a0Johnson\u00a0\u202219\u00a0\u2013\u00a0St. Laurent\u00a0\u202221\u00a0\u2013\u00a0MacPherson\u00a0\u202223\u00a0\u2013\u00a0Talbot", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 41], "content_span": [42, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072431-0010-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Montreal Canadiens season, Roster\n1\u00a0\u2013\u00a0Binette\u00a0\u20221\u00a0\u2013\u00a0Plante\u00a0\u202229\u00a0\u2013\u00a0Hodge\u00a0\u202230\u00a0\u2013\u00a0Evans", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 41], "content_span": [42, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072432-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 NBA season\nThe 1954\u201355 NBA season was the ninth season of the National Basketball Association. The season ended with the Syracuse Nationals winning the NBA Championship, beating the Fort Wayne Pistons 4 games to 3 in the NBA Finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072432-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 NBA season, Playoffs\n* Division winnerBold Series winnerItalic Team with home-court advantage in NBA Finals", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 28], "content_span": [29, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072432-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 NBA season, Statistics leaders\nNote: Prior to the 1969\u201370 season, league leaders in points, rebounds, and assists were determined by totals rather than averages.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 38], "content_span": [39, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072433-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 NCAA men's basketball rankings\nThe 1954\u201355 NCAA men's basketball rankings was made up of two human polls, the AP Poll and the Coaches Poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072434-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 NCAA men's basketball season\nThe 1954\u201355 NCAA men's basketball season began in December 1954, progressed through the regular season and conference tournaments, and concluded with the 1955 NCAA Basketball Tournament Championship Game on March 19, 1955, at Municipal Auditorium in Kansas City, Missouri. The San Francisco Dons won their first NCAA national championship with a 77\u201363 victory over the La Salle Explorers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 425]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072434-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 NCAA men's basketball season, Season outlook, Pre-season polls\nThe Top 20 from the AP Poll and the UP Coaches Poll during the pre-season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 70], "content_span": [71, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072434-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 NCAA men's basketball season, Coaching changes\nA number of teams changed coaches during the season and after it ended.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 54], "content_span": [55, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072435-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 NCAA men's ice hockey season\nThe 1954\u201355 NCAA Division I men's ice hockey season began in November 1954 and concluded with the 1955 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament's championship game on March 12, 1955 at the Broadmoor Ice Palace in Colorado Springs, Colorado. This was the 8th season in which an NCAA ice hockey championship was held and is the 60th year overall where an NCAA school fielded a team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072435-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 NCAA men's ice hockey season, Regular season, Standings\nWhen teams met each other four times, one point was awarded for a win, one-half point for a tie. Maximum of 24 points available.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 63], "content_span": [64, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072435-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 NCAA men's ice hockey season, Player stats, Scoring leaders\nThe following players led the league in points at the conclusion of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 67], "content_span": [68, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072435-0003-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 NCAA men's ice hockey season, Player stats, Scoring leaders\nGP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; PIM = Penalty minutes", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 67], "content_span": [68, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072435-0004-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 NCAA men's ice hockey season, Player stats, Leading goaltenders\nThe following goaltenders led the league in goals against average at the end of the regular season while playing at least 33% of their team's total minutes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 71], "content_span": [72, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072435-0005-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 NCAA men's ice hockey season, Player stats, Leading goaltenders\nGP = Games played; Min = Minutes played; W = Wins; L = Losses; OT = Overtime/shootout losses; GA = Goals against; SO = Shutouts; SV% = Save percentage; GAA = Goals against average", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 71], "content_span": [72, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072436-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 NHL season\nThe 1954\u201355 NHL season was the 38th season of the National Hockey League. The Detroit Red Wings were the Stanley Cup champions as they defeated the Montreal Canadiens four games to three in the best-of-seven final series. The Canadiens were without star forward Maurice 'Rocket' Richard who had been suspended for the playoffs, a suspension which led to the March 17, 1955 \"Richard Riot\" in Montreal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072436-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 NHL season, League business\nArt Ross announced at the league governors meeting that his connection with Boston would terminate at the end of September. As this would be his last appearance at a league meeting, he took the opportunity to thank the governors and others associated with the league during the 30 years of his being officer of the Boston club for the kindness, courtesy and cooperation he had received, and extended his good wishes for the continued success of the league. Conn Smythe and Frank Selke voiced the good wishes of all present to Ross on his retirement.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 35], "content_span": [36, 585]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072436-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 NHL season, League business\nPrior to the season, Red Wings head coach Tommy Ivan left Detroit to become general manager of the Chicago Black Hawks, and Jimmy Skinner replaced him behind the bench in the Motor City. One of the first things Ivan did at Chicago was to establish an extensive farm system, something the Black Hawks never had.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 35], "content_span": [36, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072436-0003-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 NHL season, Regular season\nOn December 18, 1954, Maurice Richard scored his 400th career goal against Chicago netminder Al Rollins in a 4\u20131 Canadiens victory over the Black Hawks. Montreal and Toronto played to a 1\u20131 tie on December 29, at Maple Leaf Gardens. Maurice Richard got a standing ovation when he scored his 401st goal late in the first period.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072436-0004-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 NHL season, Regular season\nIn a scoreless tie at the Montreal Forum on March 10, a new ice cleaner and resurfacer called a Zamboni was used for the first time. The fans were not appreciative of Toronto's defensive style in this game and threw garbage, including pig's feet, on the ice.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072436-0005-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 NHL season, Regular season\nThe Richard Riot took place on March 17, 1955. Maurice Richard had been suspended by league president Clarence Campbell after an incident in a game against Boston where Richard punched the referee. Richard was suspended for the rest of the season and the playoffs. Campbell's subsequent appearance at a Canadiens' game at the Montreal Forum incited a group of protesters and led to violence in the Forum and in downtown Montreal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 464]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072436-0006-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 NHL season, Player statistics, Scoring leaders\nNote: GP = Games played, G = Goals, A = Assists, PTS = Points, PIM = Penalties in minutes", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 54], "content_span": [55, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072436-0007-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 NHL season, Player statistics, Leading goaltenders\nNote: GP = Games played; Min \u2013 Minutes Played; GA = Goals Against; GAA = Goals Against Average; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; SO = Shutouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 58], "content_span": [59, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072436-0008-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 NHL season, Debuts\nThe following is a list of players of note who played their first NHL game in 1954\u201355 (listed with their first team, asterisk(*) marks debut in playoffs):", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 26], "content_span": [27, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072436-0009-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 NHL season, Last games\nThe following is a list of players of note that played their last game in the NHL in 1954\u201355 (listed with their last team):", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 30], "content_span": [31, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072437-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 NK Hajduk Split season\nThe 1954\u201355 season was the 44th season in Hajduk Split\u2019s history and their 9th in the Yugoslav First League. Their 4th place finish in the 1953\u201354 season meant it was their 9th successive season playing in the Yugoslav First League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072438-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 National Football League (Ireland)\nThe 1954\u201355 National Football League was the 24th staging of the National Football League (NFL), an annual Gaelic football tournament for the Gaelic Athletic Association county teams of Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072439-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 National Hurling League\nThe 1954\u201355 National Hurling League was the 24th season of the National Hurling League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072439-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 National Hurling League, Division 1\nTipperary came into the season as defending champions of the 1953\u201354 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072439-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 National Hurling League, Division 1\nOn 1 May 1955, Tipperary won the title after a 3-5 to 1-5 win over Wexford in the final. It was their 6th league title and their second title in succession.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072440-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Nationalliga A, Overview\nIt was contested by 14 teams, and FC La Chaux-de-Fonds won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 32], "content_span": [33, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072441-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Nationalliga A season\nThe 1954\u201355 Nationalliga A season was the 17th season of the Nationalliga A, the top level of ice hockey in Switzerland. Eight teams participated in the league, and EHC Arosa won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072442-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Netherlands Football League Championship\nThe Netherlands Football League Championship 1954\u20131955 was contested by 56 teams participating in four divisions. The national champion would be determined by a play-off featuring the winners of each division of the Netherlands. Willem II won this year's championship by beating NAC, PSV Eindhoven and FC Eindhoven.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072442-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Netherlands Football League Championship\nThis season saw the introduction of professional football in the Netherlands. Initially two competitions began after the summer break: one from the NBVB and one from the KNVB. In November, the NBVB merged into the KNVB and one unified league commenced.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072442-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Netherlands Football League Championship\nAt the end of the season, the four Eerste Klasse Divisions were re-aligned as two Divisions called Hoofdklasse A & B.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072442-0003-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Netherlands Football League Championship, New entrants\n48 competitors from last season participated, only in completely other divisions. Last years competitors Bleijerheide merged to form Roda Sport and Juliana merged to form Rapid JC. New entrants were:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 62], "content_span": [63, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072443-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 New York Knicks season\nThe 1954\u201355 New York Knicks season was the ninth season for the team in the National Basketball Association (NBA). In the regular season, the Knicks posted a 38\u201334 record and finished in second place in the Atlantic Division. New York qualified for its ninth consecutive NBA Playoffs, and lost in the best-of-three first round to the Boston Celtics, 2\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072443-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 New York Knicks season, Offseason, NBA Draft\nNote: This is not an extensive list; it only covers the first and second rounds, and any other players picked by the franchise that played at least one game in the league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 52], "content_span": [53, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072444-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 New York Rangers season\nThe 1954\u201355 New York Rangers season saw the Rangers finish in fifth place in the National Hockey League with a record of 17 wins, 35 losses, and 18 ties for 52 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072444-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 New York Rangers season, Playoffs\nThe Rangers failed to qualify for the 1955 Stanley Cup playoffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 41], "content_span": [42, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072444-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 New York Rangers season, Player statistics\n\u2020Denotes player spent time with another team before joining Rangers. Stats reflect time with Rangers only. \u2021Traded mid-season. Stats reflect time with Rangers only.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 50], "content_span": [51, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072445-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Newport County A.F.C. season\nThe 1954\u201355 season was Newport County's eighth consecutive season in the Third Division South since relegation from the Second Division at the end of the 1946\u201347 season. It was the club's 26th season in the third tier and 27th season overall in the Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072446-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 North Carolina Tar Heels men's basketball team\nIn the 1954\u20131955 season, the North Carolina Tar Heels men's basketball team competed in a total of twenty-one games and finished with a record of 10\u201311. The team finished the season in sixth place in the Atlantic Coast Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072446-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 North Carolina Tar Heels men's basketball team, Schedule and results\nDecember 4\tClemson\tH\tW\t99\u201366December 9\tSouth Carolina\tH\tW\t88\u201369December 11\tWilliam & Mary\tA\tL\t76\u201379December 18\tMaryland\tH\tL\t60\u201370Dixie ClassicDecember 27\tUSC (-/13)\tRAL\tW\t67\u201358December 28\tNC State (-/2)\tRAL\tL\t44\u201347December 29\tDuke (-/18)\tRAL\tW\t65\u201352January 3\tLSU\tA\tL\t77\u201384January 4\tAlabama (-/13)\tA\tL\t55\u201377January 8\tWake Forest\tH\tW\t95\u201378January 11\tVirginia\tH\tW\t96\u201387January 14\tSouth Carolina\tA\tW\t73\u201364January 15\tClemson\tA\tW\t95\u201387January 18\tNC State (-/2)\tA\tW\t84\u201380February 4\tDuke\tH\tL\t68\u201391February 11\tVirginia\tGR\tL\t73\u201398February 12\tMaryland (-/11)\tA\tL\t61\u201363February 16\tWake Forest\tA\tW\t83\u201379February 22\tNC State (-/6)\tH\tL\t75\u201379February 25\tDuke\tA\tL\t74\u201396ACC TournamentMarch 3\tWake Forest\tRAL\tL\t82\u201395", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 76], "content_span": [77, 774]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072447-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Northern Football League\nThe 1954\u201355 Northern Football League season was the 57th in the history of the Northern Football League, a football competition in Northern England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072447-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Northern Football League, Clubs\nThe league featured 14 clubs which competed in the last season, no new clubs joined the league this season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 39], "content_span": [40, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072448-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Northern Rugby Football League season\nThe 1954\u201355 Rugby Football League season was the 60th season of rugby league football.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072448-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Northern Rugby Football League season, Season summary\nWarrington won their second Championship when they beat Oldham 7-3 in the play-off final. They also ended the regular season as league leaders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 61], "content_span": [62, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072448-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Northern Rugby Football League season, Season summary\nThe Challenge Cup winners were Barrow who beat Workington Town 21-12 in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 61], "content_span": [62, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072448-0003-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Northern Rugby Football League season, Season summary\nWarrington won the Lancashire League, and Leeds won the Yorkshire League. Barrow beat Oldham 12\u20132 to win the Lancashire County Cup, and Halifax beat Hull F.C. 22\u201314 to win the Yorkshire County Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 61], "content_span": [62, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072448-0004-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Northern Rugby Football League season, Challenge Cup\nThis was also the first time that there was an all-Cumbrian Final. Barrow beat Workington Town 21-12 in the final played at Wembley before a crowd of 66,513. Captained by former Great Britain skipper Willie Horne, this was Barrow\u2019s first Challenge Cup Final win, although have been runners-up on four other occasions. Jack Grundy, Barrow's Second-row was awarded the Lance Todd Trophy for man-of-the-match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 60], "content_span": [61, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072448-0005-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Northern Rugby Football League season, Challenge Cup\nBarrow: Clive Best, Jimmy Lewthwaite, Phil Jackson, Dennis Goodwin, Frank Castle, Willie Horne, Edward Toohey, Les Belshaw, Vince McKeating, Frank Barton, Jack Grundy, Reg Parker, and Bill Healey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 60], "content_span": [61, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072449-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Norwegian 1. Divisjon season\nThe 1954\u201355 Norwegian 1. Divisjon season was the 16th season of ice hockey in Norway. Seven teams participated in the league, and Gamlebyen won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072450-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Norwegian Main League\nThe 1954\u20131955 Hovedserien was the 11th completed season of top division football in Norway.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072450-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Norwegian Main League, Overview\nIt was contested by 16 teams, and Larvik Turn won the championship, their second league title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072451-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 OB I bajnoksag season\nThe 1954\u201355 OB I bajnoks\u00e1g season was the 18th season of the OB I bajnoks\u00e1g, the top level of ice hockey in Hungary. Six teams participated in the league, and Kinzsi SE Budapest won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072452-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Oberliga\nThe 1954\u201355 Oberliga  was the tenth season of the Oberliga, the first tier of the football league system in West Germany and the Saar Protectorate. The league operated in five regional divisions, Berlin, North, South, Southwest and West. The five league champions and the runners-up from the west, south, southwest and north then entered the 1955 German football championship which was won by Rot-Weiss Essen. It was Essen's sole national championship while, for losing finalist 1. FC Kaiserslautern, it was the fourth final it played in five seasons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072452-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Oberliga\nOn the strength of this title Rot-Weiss Essen and 1. FC Saarbr\u00fccken, the best-placed Oberliga team from the Saar Protectorate, participated in the first edition of the European Cup, going out to Hibernian F.C. in the first round, as did Saarbr\u00fccken against A.C. Milan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072452-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Oberliga\nA similar-named league, the DDR-Oberliga, existed in East Germany, set at the first tier of the East German football league system. The 1954\u201355 DDR-Oberliga was won by SC Turbine Erfurt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072452-0003-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Oberliga, Oberliga Nord\nThe 1954\u201355 season saw two new clubs in the league, VfL Wolfsburg and VfB Oldenburg, both promoted from the Amateurliga. The league's top scorer was G\u00fcnter Schlegel of Hamburger SV with 30 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 31], "content_span": [32, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072452-0004-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Oberliga, Oberliga Berlin\nThe 1954\u201355 season saw two new clubs in the league, Hertha BSC Berlin and BFC S\u00fcdring, both promoted from the Amateurliga Berlin. The league's top scorer was Werner Nocht of Viktoria 89 Berlin with 18 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 33], "content_span": [34, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072452-0005-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Oberliga, Oberliga West\nThe 1954\u201355 season saw two new clubs in the league, Westfalia Herne and Duisburger SV, both promoted from the 2. Oberliga West. The league's top scorer was Heinz Lorenz of Preu\u00dfen Dellbr\u00fcck with 23 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 31], "content_span": [32, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072452-0006-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Oberliga, Oberliga S\u00fcdwest\nThe 1954\u201355 season saw two new clubs in the league, Eintracht Bad Kreuznach and Sportfreunde Saarbr\u00fccken, both promoted from the 2. Oberliga S\u00fcdwest. The league's top scorer was Herbert Martin of 1. FC Saarbr\u00fccken with 27 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 34], "content_span": [35, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072452-0007-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Oberliga, Oberliga S\u00fcd\nThe 1954\u201355 season saw two new clubs in the league, SSV Reutlingen and Schwaben Augsburg, both promoted from the 2. Oberliga S\u00fcd. The league's top scorer was Ernst-Otto Meyer of VfR Mannheim with 36 goals, a title he would take out twice more, in 1955\u201356 and 1958\u201359. Meyer was also the top scorer for all five Oberligas in 1954\u201355.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 30], "content_span": [31, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072452-0008-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Oberliga, German championship\nThe 1955 German football championship was contested by the nine qualified Oberliga teams and won by Rot-Weiss Essen, defeating 1. FC Kaiserslautern in the final. The runners-up of the Oberligas, except Berlin, played pre-qualifying matches to determine which three of the four would go on to the group stage. The remaining eight clubs then played a home-and-away round of matches in two groups of four. The two group winners then advanced to the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 37], "content_span": [38, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072453-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Oberliga (ice hockey) season\nThe 1954-55 Oberliga season was the seventh season of the Oberliga, the top level of ice hockey in Germany. Eight teams participated in the league, and EV F\u00fcssen won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072454-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Panhellenic Championship\nThe 1954\u201355 Panhellenic Championship was the 19th season of the highest football league of Greece. Olympiacos won their 11th championship (2 consecutive) unbeaten having 19 wins out of 20 total games and only one draw against Panathinaikos. The 6 clubs that participated in the final stage were as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072454-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Panhellenic Championship\nThe qualifying round matches took place from 10 October 1954 to 13 February 1955, while the final phase took place from 20 February to 17 July 1955. The point system was: Win: 3 points - Draw: 2 points - Loss: 1 point.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072455-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Philadelphia Warriors season\nThe 1954\u201355 NBA season was the Warriors' 9th season in the NBA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072456-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Polska Liga Hokejowa season\nThe 1954\u201355 Polska Liga Hokejowa season was the 20th season of the Polska Liga Hokejowa, the top level of ice hockey in Poland. Nine teams participated in the league, and KS Cracovia won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072457-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Port Vale F.C. season\nThe 1954\u201355 season was Port Vale's 43rd season of football in the English Football League, and their first season (thirtieth overall) back in the Second Division following their promotion from the Third Division North. The club adapted well to their first second tier campaign since 1935\u201336, finishing in seventeenth place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072457-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Port Vale F.C. season\nThe season saw two club attendance records broken, with a highest average home attendance of 20,708 and the highest Football League attendance at Vale Park, when on 25 April 40,066 turned up for their encounter against Stoke City. It was the first season the two rival clubs met in the same league since 1932\u201333.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072457-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Second Division\nThe pre-season saw the players taken on a short outing to Ireland for their exploits the previous season. No major signings took place, and no players of note departed in the summer. Chairman Fred Burgess boasted of his team's loyalty.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072457-0003-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Second Division\nThe season opened with a 1\u20130 defeat at The Memorial Stadium to Bristol Rovers, though the team put in 'an encouraging display'. Two days later Vale Park welcomed a crowd of 26,805 for a 1\u20131 draw with Notts County. When they travelled to the Victoria Ground on 4 September, Stoke City had a 100% win record, but 46,777 locals witnessed a goalless draw between the Potteries clubs. Twelve days later Vale travelled to Vetch Field, where they lost 7\u20131 to Swansea Town, a team they had beaten 1\u20130 just ten days earlier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072457-0003-0001", "contents": "1954\u201355 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Second Division\nThis occurred because Tommy Cheadle and Stan Turner had to leave the game before half-time with injuries. The heavy defeat seemed to have destroyed the reputation of 'the Steele Curtain', as the team would have to wait another fourteen matches before holding a clean sheet. During this time manager Freddie Steele switched tactics from a defensive set-up to 'a semi-continental style' in the hunt for goals. Five straight losses followed, as the players struggled to adapt. Also lost was their record of 42 home games without a loss when on 18 September 1954, Blackburn Rovers claimed a 3\u20130 victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 656]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072457-0003-0002", "contents": "1954\u201355 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Second Division\nBasil Hayward dropped from the first eleven, they failed to beat strugglers Ipswich Town as the club hovered above the relegation zone. A win at the City Ground sustained them until two home wins came in late-December. In December Cyril Done, an experienced striker was signed from Tranmere Rovers for a four-figure fee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072457-0004-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Second Division\nOn 5 February, strugglers Derby County thrashed the Vale 6\u20131 at the Baseball Ground, though the Vale's poor away record failed to deter a strong contingent of Vale fans from following the club around the country dressed in fancy dress. The following month aggressive young forward Len Stephenson was signed from Blackpool, and he impressed with his performances. Three defeats left the Vale in a relegation dogfight, but seven points from the first five games in April proved very useful. On 8 April, Done put four past his former club Liverpool in a 4\u20133 win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072457-0004-0001", "contents": "1954\u201355 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Second Division\nThree days later he scored a penalty at Anfield to earn a 1\u20131 draw. On 25 April, more than 40,000 turned up to Vale Park to witness the \"Potters\" claim a 1\u20130 victory. Vale won their final two games, including a 1\u20130 win over Rotherham United that denied the \"Millers\" a place in the top-flight.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072457-0005-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Second Division\nThey finished in seventeenth place, seven points clear of relegation, but nineteen short of promotion. With 48 goals, only Hull City scored fewer goals. Cyril Done was the only consistent scorer, and was the top scorer for both Vale and Tranmere, having scored twice as many league goals as the next highest scorer at both clubs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072457-0006-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Finances\nOn the financial side, a scant profit of \u00a3141 was recorded despite a club-record average home attendance of 20,708. The \u00a36,850 spent to bolster the forward line had swallowed up most of the profits. The Supporters' Club therefore announced it would raise \u00a35,000 \u2013 \u00a31,500 of which would go towards the terracing on the Bycars End. Reserve players Mick Hulligan and Len Barber were allowed to leave for Northwich Victoria on free transfers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 49], "content_span": [50, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072457-0007-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Cup competitions\nIn the FA Cup, the \"Valiants\" drew 2\u20132 with West Ham United at Upton Park after going two goals behind. Vale won the replay 3\u20131 and were drawn against First Division Tottenham Hotspur at White Hart Lane in the Fourth Round. A crowd of 50,684 saw an exciting game in which a Ken Griffiths brace was wiped out by four \"Spurs\" goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072458-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Primeira Divis\u00e3o\nThe 1954\u201355 Primeira Divis\u00e3o was the 21st season of top-tier football in Portugal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072458-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Primeira Divis\u00e3o, Overview\nIt was contested by 14 teams, and S.L. Benfica won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072459-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Princeton Tigers men's basketball team\nThe 1954\u201355 Princeton Tigers men's basketball team represented Princeton University in intercollegiate college basketball during the 1954\u201355 NCAA men's basketball season. The head coach was Franklin Cappon and the team captain was Harold \"Bud\" Haabestad, Jr. The team played its home games in the Dillon Gymnasium on the university campus in Princeton, New Jersey. The team was the winner of the Eastern Intercollegiate Basketball League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072459-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Princeton Tigers men's basketball team\nThe team posted a 13\u201312 overall record and an 11\u20134 conference record. During the season, the team lost seven of its first eight games. After ending the regular season tied for the conference lead, the team won a one-game playoff against the Columbia Lions on March 9, 1955, at New Brunswick, New Jersey, by an 86\u201369 margin for the EIBL championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072459-0001-0001", "contents": "1954\u201355 Princeton Tigers men's basketball team\nThe team earned an invitation to the twenty-four-team 1955 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament, where it earned a bye before it lost to the La Salle Explorers by a 73\u201346 margin on March 11, 1955, at the Palestra in Philadelphia in the second round and then subsequently lost to the Villanova Wildcats by a 64\u201357 margin the next night in a consolation game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072459-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Princeton Tigers men's basketball team\nDuring the season, Haabestad established numerous Princeton scoring standards, including being the first Tiger basketball player to score 500 points in a season and 1000 in a career. Peter C. Campbell broke several of his records. Campbell broke the following records during the 1959\u201360 season: single-season points (500) and single-season points per game (20.0). He broke the following records during the 1961\u201362 season: career points (1292), career points per game (18.2), career field goals made (458) and career free throws made (376). Haabestad's career free throws made record surpassed Arthur Loeb's records of 342 set during the 1924\u201325 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 699]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072460-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Purdue Boilermakers men's golf team\nThe 1954\u201355 Purdue Boilermakers men's golf team represented Purdue University. The head coach was Sam Voinoff, then in his sixth season with the Boilermakers. The team was a member of the Big Ten Conference. They won the Big Ten Conference championship and finished in a tie for ninth at the NCAA championships with SMU.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072460-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Purdue Boilermakers men's golf team, Big Ten Championship results, Individual Results\nThe championship was shortened for the first time ever from 72 holes to 54 as a result of storms.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 93], "content_span": [94, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072461-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Quaid-e-Azam Trophy\nThe 1954\u201355 Quaid-e-Azam Trophy was a first-class cricket competition that was held in Pakistan from 29 October 1954 to 24 April 1955. It was the second edition of the Quaid-e-Azam Trophy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072461-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Quaid-e-Azam Trophy\nThe competition was contested as a knockout tournament by nine teams, an increase of two from the first season, representing both regions and government departments; East Pakistan cricket team and Baluchistan made their first appearances in the Quaid-e-Azam Trophy. 1953\u201354 winner Bahawalpur received a bye through to the semi-finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072461-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Quaid-e-Azam Trophy\nThe final, played in Karachi, was contested between Karachi and Combined Services. Karachi won by nine wickets, easily scoring the 33 runs they needed for victory after forcing Combined Services to follow-on in their second innings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072462-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Rangers F.C. season\nThe 1954\u201355 season is the 75th season of competitive football by Rangers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072462-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Rangers F.C. season, Overview\nRangers played a total of 41 competitive matches during the 1954\u201355 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072463-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Ranji Trophy\nThe 1954\u201355 Ranji Trophy was the 21st season of the Ranji Trophy. Madras won the title defeating Holkar in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072464-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Real Madrid CF season\nThe 1954\u201355 season was Real Madrid Club de F\u00fatbol's 52nd season in existence and the club's 24th consecutive season in the top flight of Spanish football.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072464-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Real Madrid CF season, Summary\nThe club won the second league championship in a row despite changes on the bench: a young Villalonga who was appointed manager of Real Madrid during the middle of the season replacing Enrique Fernandez Viola. Meanwhile, it was a great campaign for Francisco Gento and the club acquired Argentine H\u00e9ctor Rial from the Nacional Montevideo, an arrival to boost the offensive line. Argentine forward Alfredo Di St\u00e9fano scored 25 goals replaying another superb season. After won its fourth League ever (second in a row), the team won Latin Cup during June. Also, winning the local title gave Real Madrid the right to play the inaugural 1955\u20131956 European Cup season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 701]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072464-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Real Madrid CF season, Squad\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 36], "content_span": [37, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072465-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Rheinlandliga\nThe 1954\u201355 Rheinlandliga was the third season of the highest amateur class of the Rhineland Football Association under the name of 1. Amateurliga Rheinland. It was a predecessor of today's Rheinlandliga.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072465-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Rheinlandliga\nThe 1. Amateurliga was below II. Division Southwest until 1963 and therefore the third-class in the hierarchy. In the seasons 1956\u201357 to 1962\u201363 the league was played in two divisions (East and West). The two division champions played to determine the Rhineland champion. With the introduction of the regional league Southwest as second highest class, starting in the 1963\u201364 season, the Amateur league Rheinland was again combined into one division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072465-0001-0001", "contents": "1954\u201355 Rheinlandliga\nBeginning in the 1974\u201375 season, the league played a role as a sub-team to the newly introduced 2. Bundesliga, where the Rhineland champion played in a relegation against the champion of the Verbandsliga S\u00fcdwest and the Saarlandliga, for a position in the south divisions of the 2. Bundesliga. Starting from the 1978\u201379 season, the Oberliga Rheinland-Pfalz/Saar was introduced as the highest amateur class and this class was renamed to the \"Verbandsliga Rheinland\" and since then only fourth class.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072465-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Rheinlandliga, Results\nRhineland champion was, as in the previous season, VfL Trier, which this time won the relegation round for the II. Division southwest and moved up. Runner up, SV Niederlahnstein, participated as a Rhineland representative in the German Football Amateur Championship in 1955 and failed in the group stage. VfB L\u00fctzel, FC Urbar and SV Wittlich had to move down to the 2. amateur league after this season. For the following season, 1955\u201356, SG Andernach, SV Niederfischbach, TuS Konz and VfL Bad Ems moved up from the 2. Amateur league, as well as the descendant from the II. Division, SC 07 Bad Neuenahr.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 633]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072466-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Rochdale A.F.C. season\nThe 1954\u201355 season saw Rochdale compete for their 27th season in the Football League Third Division North.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072467-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Rochester Royals season\nThe 1954\u201355 NBA season was the Royals seventh season in the NBA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 96]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072468-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Romanian Hockey League season\nThe 1954\u201355 Romanian Hockey League season was the 25th season of the Romanian Hockey League. Six teams participated in the league, and CCA Bucuresti won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072469-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Rugby Union County Championship\nThe 1954\u201355 Rugby Union County Championship was the 55th edition of England's premier rugby union club competition at the time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072469-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Rugby Union County Championship\nLancashire won the competition for the sixth time after defeating Middlesex in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072470-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 SK Rapid Wien season\nThe 1954\u201355 SK Rapid Wien season was the 57th season in club history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072471-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 SM-sarja season\nThe 1954\u201355 SM-sarja season was the 24th season of the SM-sarja, the top level of ice hockey in Finland. 10 teams participated in the league, and Ilves Tampere won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072472-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 San Francisco Dons men's basketball team\nThe 1954\u201355 San Francisco Dons men's basketball team represented the University of San Francisco in NCAA competition in the 1954\u201355 season. The Dons, a member of the California Basketball Association (now known as the West Coast Conference), finished the season ranked #1 in the nation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072473-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Scottish Cup\nThe 1954\u201355 Scottish Cup was the 70th staging of Scotland's most prestigious football knockout competition. The Cup was won by Clyde who defeated Celtic in the replayed final. It was Clyde's second cup success, whilst Celtic lost in the final having won the last five Scottish Cup finals that they had played in. The 1955 final was the first to be televised live, being broadcast by the BBC. This was not officially announced before the match. The replayed final was not televised.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 502]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072474-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Scottish Division A\nThe 1954\u201355 Scottish Division A was won by Aberdeen by three points over nearest rival Celtic. No teams were relegated due to the league being expanded the following season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072475-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Scottish Division B\nThe 1954\u201355 Scottish Division B was won by Airdrieonians who, along with second placed Dunfermline Athletic, were promoted to Division One. Brechin City finished bottom.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072477-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Scottish Inter-District Championship\nThe 1954\u201355 Scottish Inter-District Championship was a  rugby union competition for Scotland's district teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072477-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Scottish Inter-District Championship\nThe district sides selected were Glasgow District, Edinburgh District, North and Midlands and South.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072477-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Scottish Inter-District Championship, Results, Round 1\nGlasgow District: Angus Cameron (Glasgow HSFP), T. E. S. Fergusson (Hillhead HSFP), Allan Cameron (Hillhead HSFP),W. Fraser (Ardrossan Academicals), A. G. Campbell (Kelvinside Academicals), J. T. Docherty (Glasgow HSFP), R. Munro (Jordanhill RFC),D. W. Reid (Allan Glen's F.P), G. M. Guthrie (Hillhead HSFP), F. I. Hogarth (West of Scotland), F. I. Blake (Kilmarnock),Hamish Kemp (Glasgow HSFP) [", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 62], "content_span": [63, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072477-0002-0001", "contents": "1954\u201355 Scottish Inter-District Championship, Results, Round 1\ncaptain], T. S. Smith (Glasgow University), I. A. A. MacGregor (Hillhead HSFP), H. Roddan (Hutcheson's GSFP)South: J. R. McCreadie (Hawick), T. Grieve (Langholm), R. G. Charters (Hawick), Les Allan (Melrose), C. Elliot (Langholm),J. M. Maxwell (Langholm), J. Dun (Melrose), A. McEwan (Melrose), J. Telford (Langholm), I. Hastie (Kelso), J. J. Hegarty (Hawick),A. Robson (Hawick), H. Duffy (Jedforest), J. Grant (Hawick), A. K. McRae (Gala)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 62], "content_span": [63, 502]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072477-0003-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Scottish Inter-District Championship, Results, Round 2\nEdinburgh District: J. A. C. Gilbert (Stewart's College F. P.), K. G. Sutherland (Melville's College F. P.), Ken Dalgleish (Edinburgh Wanderers),E. C. Barclay-Smith (Edinburgh Wanderers), T. G. Weatherstone (Stewart's College F. P.) [", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 62], "content_span": [63, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072477-0003-0001", "contents": "1954\u201355 Scottish Inter-District Championship, Results, Round 2\ncaptain], Graham Ross (Watsonians),J. A. Nichol (Royal HSFP), R. D. S. Munro (Leith Academicals), N. G. R. Mair (Edinburgh University), P. S. Shearer (Heriots F. P.),W. S. Glen (Edinburgh Wanderers), S. T. H. Wright (Stewart's College F. P.), J. C. M. Sharp (Stewart's College F. P.)North and Midlands: W. Steven (Madras College F. P.), E. H. Cruickshank (Aberdeen GSFP), E. Craig (Aberdeen GSFP),I. S. Gloag (Perthshire Academicals) [ captain], J. K. Morrison (Panmure), I. Stuart (Aberdeen GSFP), R. H. W. Cradock (Aberdeen GSFP),A. Tullett (Gordonians), I. L. Robb (Aberdeenshire), D. M. Brien (Perthshire Academicals), J. Johnston (Dunfermline),Ernie Michie (Aberdeen University), M. C. S. Phillip (Aberdeen University), C. D. Mowat (Aberdeen GSFP), E. Rogers (Perthshire Academicals)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 62], "content_span": [63, 851]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072477-0004-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Scottish Inter-District Championship, Results, Round 3\nSouth: R. Chisholm (Melrose), T. Grieve (Langholm), R. G. Charters (Hawick), J. M. Maxwell (Langholm), C. Elliot (Langholm),J. Hume (Kelso), A. S. Dorward (Gala),  I. Hastie (Kelso), Jock King (Selkirk), J. Campbell (Kelso), J. J. Hegarty (Hawick), T. Elliot (Gala),L. Walker (Selkirk), A. Robson (Hawick) [ captain], A. K. McRae (Gala) North and Midlands: W. Steven (Madras College F. P.), E. H. Cruickshank (Aberdeen GSFP), E. Craig (Aberdeen GSFP),I. S. Gloag (Perthshire Academicals) [ captain], R. H. Gibson (Howe of Fife),  I. Stuart (Aberdeen GSFP), R. H. W. Cradock (Aberdeen GSFP),A. Tullett (Gordonians), I. L. Robb (Aberdeenshire), D. M. Brien (Perthshire Academicals), J. Johnston (Dunfermline),Ernie Michie (Aberdeen University), J. Greenwood (Dunfermline), C. D. Mowat (Aberdeen GSFP), E. Rogers (Perthshire Academicals)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 62], "content_span": [63, 897]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072477-0005-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Scottish Inter-District Championship, Results, Round 4\nSouth:  R. Chisholm (Melrose), C. Elliot (Langholm),  R. G. Charters (Hawick), J. M. Maxwell (Langholm), W. J.. Grieve (Gala),J. Hume (Kelso), J. H. Bowie (Hawick), H. McLeod (Hawick), Jock King (Selkirk), J. Campbell (Kelso), J. J. Hegarty (Hawick), T. Elliot (Gala),L. H. Walker (Selkirk), A. Robson (Hawick) [ captain], A. K. McRae (Gala) Edinburgh District: J. A. C. Gilbert (Stewart's College F. P.), K. G. Sutherland (Melville's College F. P.), Ken Dalgleish (Edinburgh Wanderers),H. G. Hay (Edinburgh Academicals), T. G. Weatherstone (Stewart's College F. P.) [ captain], Graham Ross (Watsonians), J. A. Nichol (Royal HSFP),W. M. Stephen (Musselburgh), W. L. K. Rolph (Stewart's College F. P.), Douglas Muir (Heriots), D. J. Marshall (Edinburgh Academicals),C. Y. Langlands (Stewart's College F. P.), W. S. Glen (Edinburgh Wanderers), S. T. H. Wright (Stewart's College F. P.),William Cowie (Edinburgh Wanderers)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 62], "content_span": [63, 982]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072477-0006-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Scottish Inter-District Championship, Results, Round 4\nNorth and Midlands: W. Steven (Madras College F.P), E. H. Cruickshank (Aberdeen GSFP), I. S. Gloag (Perthshire Academicals), R. H. H. Gibson (Howe of Fife), D. J. McPherson (Gordonians), I. Stuart (Aberdeen GSFP), R. H. W. Cradock (Aberdeen GSFP), A. Tullett (Gordonians), C. W. Bravin (Dunfermline), D. M. Brien (Perthshire Academicals), E. J. S. Michie (Aberdeen University), J. Johnston (Dunfermline), C. D. Mowat (Aberdeen GSFP), E. Rogers (Perthshire Academicals)Glasgow District: Angus Cameron (Glasgow HSFP), T. E. S. Fergusson (Hillhead HSFP), Allan Cameron (Hillhead HSFP),W. Fraser (Ardrossan Academicals), A. G. Campbell (Kelvinside Academicals), J. T. Docherty (Glasgow HSFP), F. A. Ross (Hillhead HSFP),J. C. Dawson (Glasgow Academicals), A. M. Jope (Glasgow University), D. W. Reid (Allan Glen's F.P. ), F. I. Blake (Kilmarnock),Hamish Kemp (Glasgow HSFP) [ captain], T. S. Smith (Glasgow University), A. Stephen (Glasgow Academicals), I. A. A. MacGregor (Hillhead HSFP)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 62], "content_span": [63, 1047]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072477-0007-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Scottish Inter-District Championship, Results, Round 5\nGlasgow District: Angus Cameron (Glasgow HSFP), Allan Cameron (Hillhead HSFP), T.E.S. Fergusson (Hillhead HSFP), C.G. Thomson (Glasgow Academicals) [ capt], A.G. Campbell (Kelvinside Academicals), J.T. Docherty (Glasgow HSFP), I. A. Ross (Hillhead HSFP), J.C. Dawson (Glasgow Academicals), A.M. Jope (Glasgow University), D. W. Reid (Allan Glen's FP), F.I. Blake (Kilmarnock), Hamish Kemp (Glasgow HSFP), J.S. Ure (Kelvinside Academicals), Percy Friebe (Glasgow HSFP), I.A.A. MacGregor (Hillhead HSFP)Edinburgh District: D. H. Crighton (Watsonians), K. G. Sutherland (Melville College FP), D. M. Scott (Watsonians), C. Ross (Stewarts College FP), T. G. Weatherstone (Stewarts College FP) [", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 62], "content_span": [63, 752]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072477-0007-0001", "contents": "1954\u201355 Scottish Inter-District Championship, Results, Round 5\ncapt], G. T. Ross (Watsonians), J. A. Nichol (RHS FP), F. Maclachlan (Edinburgh Wanderers), W. K. L. Relph (Stewarts College FP), W. Murchison (Boroughmuir FP), C. Y. Langlands (Stewarts College FP),, D. J. Marshall (Edinburgh Academicals), W. S. Glen (Edinburgh Wanderers), T. A. Herdman (Melville College FP), W. I. D. Elliot (Edinburgh Academicals)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 62], "content_span": [63, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072478-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Scottish League Cup\nThe 1954\u201355 Scottish League Cup was the ninth season of Scotland's second football knockout competition. The competition was won by Heart of Midlothian, who defeated Motherwell in the Final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072479-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n\nThe 1954\u201355 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n season was the 24th since its establishment and was played between 11 September 1954 and 10 April 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072479-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n, Overview before the season\n32 teams joined the league, including 4 relegated from the 1953\u201354 La Liga and 7 promoted from the 1953\u201354 Tercera Divisi\u00f3n.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072480-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Serie A, Teams\nCatania and Pro Patria had been promoted from Serie B.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 22], "content_span": [23, 77]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072481-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Serie A (ice hockey) season\nThe 1954\u201355 Serie A season was the 22nd season of the Serie A, the top level of ice hockey in Italy. Eight teams participated in the league, and HC Milan Inter won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072482-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Serie B\nThe Serie B 1954\u201355 was the twenty-third tournament of this competition played in Italy since its creation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072482-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Serie B, Teams\nParma and Taranto had been promoted from Serie C, while Palermo and Legnano had been relegated from Serie A.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 22], "content_span": [23, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072483-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Serie C\nThe 1954\u201355 Serie C was the seventeenth edition of Serie C, the third highest league in the Italian football league system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072484-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Sheffield Shield season\nThe 1954\u201355 Sheffield Shield season was the 53rd season of the Sheffield Shield, the domestic first-class cricket competition of Australia. New South Wales won the championship. The matches were reduced to limit financial losses but the experiment proved to be false economy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072485-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Southern Football League\nThe 1954\u201355 Southern Football League season was the 52nd in the history of the league, an English football competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072485-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Southern Football League\nNo new clubs had joined the league for this season so the league consisted of 22 clubs from previous season. Yeovil Town were champions, winning their first Southern League title. Four Southern League clubs applied to join the Football League at the end of the season, but none were successful.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072485-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Southern Football League, Football League elections\nFour Southern League clubs applied for election to the Football League. However, none were successful as all four League clubs were re-elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 59], "content_span": [60, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072486-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Soviet Cup (ice hockey)\nThe 1954\u201355 Soviet Cup was the fifth edition of the Soviet Cup ice hockey tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072486-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Soviet Cup (ice hockey)\n21 teams participated in the tournament, which was won by CDSA Moscow for the second consecutive season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072487-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Soviet League season\nThe 1954\u201355 Soviet Championship League season was the ninth season of the Soviet Championship League, the top level of ice hockey in the Soviet Union. Ten teams participated in the league, and CSK MO Moscow won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072488-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Spartan League\nThe 1954\u201355 Spartan League season was the 37th in the history of Spartan League. The league consisted of 16 clubs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072488-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Spartan League, League table\nThe division featured 16 clubs, 14 from last season and 2 new clubs:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 36], "content_span": [37, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072489-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 St. Francis Terriers men's basketball team\nThe 1954\u20131955 St. Francis Terriers men's basketball team represented St. Francis College during the 1954\u201355 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team was coached by Daniel Lynch, who was in his seventh year at the helm of the St. Francis Terriers. The team was a member of the Metropolitan New York Conference and played their home games at the Bulter Street Gymnasium in their Cobble Hill, Brooklyn campus and at the II Corps Artillery Armory in Park Slope, Brooklyn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072489-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 St. Francis Terriers men's basketball team\nThe team was a member of the Metropolitan New York Conference continuously since 1945, although the team first joined the conference in its inaugural year, 1933.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072490-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Stoke City F.C. season\nThe 1954\u201355 season was Stoke City's 48th season in the Football League and the 15th in the Second Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072490-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Stoke City F.C. season\nTaylor continued to add new players to the squad as the aim for 1954\u201355 was to gain promotion back to the First Division. Stoke made a great start to the season winning five out of their first six matches. Taylor was able to field a settled team for the majority of the season alas Stoke could not keep up their form and promotion was missed with Stoke finishing in 5th position. In the FA Cup Stoke were involved in one of the longest cup ties as their third round encounter with Bury went on to a fourth replay with Stoke finally winning 3\u20132 after 9 hours and 22 minutes of football.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072490-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Stoke City F.C. season, Season review, League\nStoke manager Frank Taylor continued to purchase players as he attempted to guide Stoke back into the First Division. He added the Wolverhampton Wanderers left back Jack Short to his squad in the summer of 1954. Things looked to be improving when Stoke started the 1954\u201355 season in fine form winning five out of six. Taylor was fortunate to be able to field a settled side but the form rate was not maintained and promotion was missed, albeit by a narrow margin, Stoke taking fifth spot just two behind promoted Birmingham City and Luton Town. During the season Stoke beat Liverpool away 4\u20132 their first victory at Anfield for 60 years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 691]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072490-0003-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Stoke City F.C. season, Season review, FA Cup\nIn the FA Cup Stoke were drawn with Bury in the third round and after four draws the tie went to a fourth replay with Stoke finally beating Bury 3\u20132 in extra time. In total the tie took 9 hours and 22 minutes of football and had an aggregated scoreline of 10\u20139. Unfortunately for Stoke it was all in vain as in the next round they were defeated by Swansea Town.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072491-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Sussex County Football League\nThe 1954\u201355 Sussex County Football League season was the 30th in the history of the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072491-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Sussex County Football League\nDivision 1 featured now increased to seventeen teams with Hove White Rovers being promoted from Division 2 and Southwick re-joining. Division 2 featured eleven teams from which the winners would be promoted into Division 1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072491-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Sussex County Football League, Division One\nThe division featured 17 clubs, 15 which competed in the last season, along with two new clubs:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 51], "content_span": [52, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072491-0003-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Sussex County Football League, Division Two\nThe division featured 11 clubs, 9 which competed in the last season, along with two new clubs:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 51], "content_span": [52, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072492-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Swedish Division I season\nThe 1954\u201355 Swedish Division I season was the eleventh season of Swedish Division I. Djurgardens IF defeated Hammarby IF in the league final, 2 games to none.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072493-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Swedish football Division 2\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Frietjes (talk | contribs) at 18:04, 16 February 2020 (List markup). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072493-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Swedish football Division 2\nStatistics of Swedish football Division 2 for the 1954\u201355 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072494-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Swedish football Division 3\nStatistics of Swedish football Division 3 for the 1954\u201355 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072495-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Syracuse Nationals season\nDuring the 1954\u201355 Syracuse Nationals season (their 6th), the National Basketball Association (NBA) was struggling financially and down to just 8 teams. Nationals owner Danny Biasone suggested that the league limit the amount of time taken for a shot. Biasone was upset with the stalling tactics of opposing teams. During the summer of 1954, Biasone had gotten together some of his pros and a group of high school players and timed them with a stopwatch. Most shots were taken within 12 seconds, Biasone discovered.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072495-0000-0001", "contents": "1954\u201355 Syracuse Nationals season\nBiasone calculated that a 24-second shot clock would allow at least 30 shots per quarter and assist in increasing scoring. The result would speed up a game that often ended with long periods of teams just holding the ball. Quickness and athletic ability became prized as they never had been before. Excessive fouling didn't disappear completely, but just about everyone concluded that the clock was good for the game. The shot clock was a success with the result that scoring was up 14 points per game league wide. In the 1st season of the shot clock, the Nats would take 1st place in the Eastern Division with a 43\u201329 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 660]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072495-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Syracuse Nationals season, Playoffs, NBA Finals\nIn the Finals, the Nats would get off to a fast start; taking the first 2 games at home against the Fort Wayne Pistons. However, as home court shifted, the Pistons would spark back to life; taking all 3 games to take a 3\u20132 series lead. Heading back to Syracuse for Game 6 the Nats kept their Championship hopes alive by defeating the Pistons 109\u2013104 to force a decisive game 7 at home. Game 7 would prove to be as tight as the entire series had played out to that point.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 55], "content_span": [56, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072495-0001-0001", "contents": "1954\u201355 Syracuse Nationals season, Playoffs, NBA Finals\nAs time started running out on the Pistons title hopes late in the 4th quarter of game 7 point guard George King sank a clutch free throw to give the Nats a 92\u201391 lead. King would then steal the inbound pass as time ticked away to clinch the NBA title for the Nationals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 55], "content_span": [56, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072496-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Tercera Divisi\u00f3n\nThe 1954\u201355 Tercera Divisi\u00f3n season was the 19th since its establishment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072497-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Texas Tech Red Raiders basketball team\nThe 1954\u201355 Texas Tech Red Raiders men's basketball team represented Texas Tech University in the Border Intercollegiate Athletic Association during the 1954\u201355 NCAA men's basketball season. The head coach was Polk Robison, his 8th year with the team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072498-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Topps Hockey\nThe 1954\u201355 Topps hockey set was Topps' first attempt at producing trading cards for the National Hockey League. At the time, the league consisted of six teams known as the Original Six. Topps included all four American teams in this popular 60-card set - Boston Bruins, Chicago Black Hawks, Detroit Red Wings, and New York Rangers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072498-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Topps Hockey\nAs noted on most packaging, the Topps cards were made and printed in U.S.A. Cards were sold in 5-cent packs and 1-cent packs. As written on select packaging, the series was also made and distributed by O-Pee-Chee Co., Ltd. London, Ontario, Canada under license with Topps Chewing Gum Inc., Brooklyn, N.Y.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072498-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Topps Hockey, History\nEach card in this set measures approximately 2\u200b5\u20448 in. x 3\u200b3\u20444 in., and features a player photo (in a blue and red line background), team logo, team name, position, and a facsimile autograph. As is typical of most trading cards, the back of the card features biographical information, statistics from the 1953\u201354 season, and a few notes featuring hockey facts. After this season Topps did not produce a hockey set again for another two years until the 1957 set because the NHL went after Topps for not getting their permission to use the team logos in the card photos.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 29], "content_span": [30, 598]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072498-0003-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Topps Hockey, Card trading\nWhile the set is printed in the United States, a large portion of the actual print run found its way to Canada, as baseball was America's national pastime.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 34], "content_span": [35, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072498-0004-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Topps Hockey, Card trading\nAs far as the hobby of trading cards is concerned, this set features only three Rookie Cards, including #18 Doug Mohns, #32 Camille Henry, and #35 Don McKenney. The inclusion of a very early Gordie Howe card is one of the main draws of this set, and the card can be seen trading in the $2000 range when in Near Mint condition. A PSA 9 1954 Topps Gordie Howe card sold for $10,000.00 in the early 2000s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 34], "content_span": [35, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072498-0005-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Topps Hockey, Card trading\nCards #1 and #60 are considered to be condition sensitive for two reasons. The first is their placement on the sheet during printing, and the second reason is due to the \"rubber band\" factor. The \"rubber band\" factor occurs when a tight rubber band is used to hold a stack of trading cards together, thus damaging the first and last cards in the stack. And in the case of complete sets, this would be cards #1 and #60. A PSA 8 Milt Schmidt #60 sold on eBay in 2005 for $6,000.00.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 34], "content_span": [35, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072498-0006-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Topps Hockey, Card trading\nAnother condition sensitive challenge in this set are gum stains. Topps included a stick of bubble gum in every pack a collector would purchase. Two kinds of packs were distributed: Penny packs and nickel packs. Penny packs included only one card increasing the chance greatly of an unsightly gum stain tainting that card.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 34], "content_span": [35, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072499-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Toronto Maple Leafs season\nThe 1954\u201355 Toronto Maple Leafs season saw the Maple Leafs finish in third place in the National Hockey League (NHL) with a record of 24 wins, 24 losses, and 22 ties for 70 points. They were swept in the semi-finals by the eventual Stanley Cup champion Detroit Red Wings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072500-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 UCLA Bruins men's basketball team\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Mooreux (talk | contribs) at 00:50, 21 June 2020 (\u2192\u200eReferences). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072500-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 UCLA Bruins men's basketball team\nThe 1954\u201355 UCLA Bruins men's basketball team represented the University of California, Los Angeles during the 1954\u201355 NCAA men's basketball season and were members of the Pacific Coast Conference. The Bruins were led by seventh year head coach John Wooden. They finished the regular season with a record of 21\u20135 and won the PCC Southern Division with a record of 11\u20131. UCLA lost to Oregon State in the PCC conference play-offs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072500-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 UCLA Bruins men's basketball team, Previous season\nThe Bruins finished the regular season with a record of 18\u20137 and finished 2nd in the PCC Southern Division with a record of 7\u20135.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 58], "content_span": [59, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072501-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 United States network television schedule\nThe following is the 1954\u201355 network television schedule for the four major English language commercial broadcast networks in the United States. The schedule covers primetime hours from September 1954 through March 1955. The schedule is followed by a list per network of returning series, new series, and series cancelled after the 1953\u201354 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072501-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 United States network television schedule\nFall 1954 marked a big change for television when ABC announced a network deal with a significant Hollywood producer. ABC had contracted with Walt Disney to produce a new series called Disneyland (as part of the deal, the network provided funding towards the construction of Walt's amusement park of the same name, opening in July 1955). The series was an instant hit, and marked the beginning of the networks allowing Hollywood programs into their schedules. Thus, Disney became the third significant Hollywood film producer to venture into television production, after Jerry Fairbanks and Hal Roach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 651]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072501-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 United States network television schedule\nABC president Leonard Goldenson decided in early 1954 that a television network was not the place for religious programs; as a result, Billy Graham's religious series, Hour of Decision, did not appear on ABC's fall 1954 schedule. Goldenson told Graham that the series was canceled because the poor ratings the series received were hurting the \"flow\" of ABC's entertainment programs. However, later critics, such as R.D. Heldenfels (1994), reject the stated reason for the cancellation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 535]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072501-0002-0001", "contents": "1954\u201355 United States network television schedule\nAccording to Heldenfels, since Hour of Decision was the last program that ABC aired on Sunday nights (at 10:30), \"flow would not have been an issue\"; ABC did not air anything in place of the canceled series and gave the slot back to its local affiliates. Heldenfels believes Goldenson \"simply felt uncomfortable about organized religion\". Another 1953\u201354 ABC religious series, This Is the Life, also failed to make the 1954\u201355 ABC schedule.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072501-0003-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 United States network television schedule\nDuMont's 1954\u201355 schedule would be the last year the failing television network planned a seven night program schedule, and even this schedule was full of holes. Heldenfels states that the 1954 DuMont schedule \"was a checkerboard of programs and empty spaces for [local] stations to fill\". DuMont did not bother to schedule anything against ABC's Disneyland, NBC's new series Caesar's Hour, or either of CBS's Arthur Godfrey programs, conceding those slots (and others) to the bigger networks. However, DuMont continued to air Bishop Fulton Sheen's program Life Is Worth Living against NBC's popular The Buick-Berle Show.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 671]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072501-0003-0001", "contents": "1954\u201355 United States network television schedule\nDuMont's counter-programming strategy, scheduling a religious program against Milton Berle's bawdy show, had met with success in previous years. The rivalry between the programs had caused Berle to joke, \"He uses old material, too.\" Sheen, for his part, once introduced himself as \"Uncle Fultie\". Still, DuMont's limited success in counter-programming a few slots would not be enough to save the network; Heldenfels states that the DuMont network's programs \"resemble the grasping of program straws as much or more as they look like a strategic plan.\" DuMont would cancel Life Is Worth Living in April 1955, along with most of its remaining programs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 700]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072501-0004-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 United States network television schedule\nEach of the 30 highest-rated shows is listed with its rank and rating as determined by Nielsen Media Research.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072501-0005-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 United States network television schedule, Monday\nNote: On NBC, Producers' Showcase made its debut as a monthly series, airing 8:00\u20139:30 pm", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 57], "content_span": [58, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072501-0006-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 United States network television schedule, Tuesday\nNote: Beginning this season, Chrysler's Plymouth division alternated with R.J. Reynolds as sponsor of Camel News Caravan on Tuesdays and Thursdays. The Bob Hope Show and The Martha Raye Show each appeared monthly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 58], "content_span": [59, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072501-0007-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 United States network television schedule, Thursday\nNote:  On CBS, Willy moved from Saturday to Thursday in April.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 59], "content_span": [60, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072501-0008-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 United States network television schedule, Saturday\nNote: On NBC, the Saturday edition of Max Liebman Presents debuted as a monthly series, airing 9:00\u201310:30 pm. On ABC, Ozark Jubilee premiered in January from 9:00\u201310:00 p.m. On CBS, Willy moved from Saturday to Thursday in April.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 59], "content_span": [60, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072501-0009-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 United States network television schedule, Saturday\nThe Soldiers, a live military sitcom starring Hal March, Tom D'Andrea, and John Dehner, produced and directed by Bud Yorkin, aired eleven episodes on NBC Saturday schedule between June 25 and September 3, 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 59], "content_span": [60, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072501-0010-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 United States network television schedule, By network, NBC\nNote: The * indicates that the program was introduced in midseason.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 66], "content_span": [67, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072502-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 United States network television schedule (daytime)\nThe 1954\u201355 daytime network television schedule for the three major English-language commercial broadcast networks in the United States covers the weekday daytime hours from September 1954 to August 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072502-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 United States network television schedule (daytime)\nTalk shows are highlighted in yellow, local programming is white, reruns of prime-time programming are orange, game shows are pink, soap operas are chartreuse, news programs are gold and all others are light blue. New series are highlighted in bold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072503-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 United States network television schedule (late night)\nThese are the late night Monday-Friday schedules on all four networks for each calendar season beginning September 1954. All times are Eastern and Pacific.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072503-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 United States network television schedule (late night)\nTwo of the four networks began late-night schedules in 1954; DuMont aired its first and only show, The Ernie Kovacs Show, beginning in summer 1954, while NBC resumed late-night programming with Tonight, three years after it had canceled Broadway Open House. DuMont ceased programming the late-night time slot in spring 1955 ahead of its shutdown (Kovacs would then move to NBC), while NBC has run Tonight (now The Tonight Show) continuously since then.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072503-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 United States network television schedule (late night)\nTalk shows are highlighted in yellow, local programming is white.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072504-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 WHL season\nThe 1954\u201355 WHL season was the third season of the Western Hockey League. The Edmonton Flyers were the President's Cup champions as they beat the Calgary Stampeders in four games in the final series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072504-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 WHL season, Playoffs\nThe Edmonton Flyers win the President's Cup 4 games to 0.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 28], "content_span": [29, 86]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072505-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 WIHL season\n1954\u201355 was the ninth season of the Western International Hockey League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 92]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072505-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 WIHL season, Season recap\nThe Kimberley Dynamiters defeated the powerful Nelson Maple Leafs four games to one in a best-of-seven series for the 1954-55 WIHL championship. The Dynamiters went on to play the Vernon Canadians in the Savage Cup playdowns, and were trounced four games to one. It was a frustrating season for the Dynamiters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072505-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 WIHL season, Season recap\nFIRST\u2014they lost the league title to the Nelson Maple Leafs in the final game of the season, 4-3 at Nelson, after leading the pack most of the entire season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072505-0003-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 WIHL season, Season recap\nSECOND--Buzz Mellor lost the scoring championship to Nelson's Joe Bell by less than one point, with the percentage basis in force that year. Joe Bell picked up an assist on the Maple Leaf final goal of the regulation season, by just being on the ice. He no more deserved an assist on the goal than the timekeeper, but nevertheless it cost Buzz Mellor the scoring crown. Claude Bell of the Kimberley Dynamiters enjoyed his best season ever, finishing one point behind teammate Buzz Mellor in the scoring race. He paced the league in the goal department that term, with 30 markers in only 34 games, while most of the other teams played a 44 game schedule.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 687]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072505-0004-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 WIHL season, Season recap\nTHIRD\u2014the Dynamiters ace goalie, Earl Betker, lost out to Nelson's Ray Mikulan for the goaltending award, by a slim margin of 3.97 to 3.95 average. One consolation: Earl Betker was picked the WIHL All-Star netminder that season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072505-0005-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 WIHL season, Season recap\nFOURTH\u2014Earl Betker suffered a severe back injury when he came out of his net to block Fritz Koehle's shot in the second game of the playoffs in Nelson. The courageous Dynamiter goalie, after being carried from the ice, returned to play the ten minutes of regulation time, and held the Dynamiters in the game in overtime, with playing coach Norm Larsen scoring the winner with 12 seconds remaining in the first overtime.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072505-0005-0001", "contents": "1954\u201355 WIHL season, Season recap\nIt wasn't necessary to dress a spare goaltender in those days, and Betker disobeyed the doctor's advice, and went out and made many brilliant saves, despite the fact he was labouring under terrific pain. He failed to see further action for the Dynamiters that season, with Kimberley securing the services of  Spokane Flyers' Jerry Fodey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072505-0006-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 WIHL season, Season recap\nJust to show you how desperate the Nelson Maple Leafs wanted to win was when they launched a protest to the WIHL, on the grounds that the injured Betker took approximately 15 minutes to return to action. The protest was disallowed after the league executive conferred with the British Columbia Amateur Hockey Association (BCAHA), and the bad publicity the Maple Leafs received didn't help their cause. The Maple Leaf players were not in favour of the protest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 493]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072505-0007-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 WIHL season, Season recap\nJerry Fodey proved himself a real sportsman by coming to the Dynamiters rescue. When contacted by the Dynamiters executive, he never even asked about money, but caught a bus for Kimberley, British Columbia and played brilliantly in the Dynamiters net.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072505-0008-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 WIHL season, Season recap\nFIFTH\u2014The WIHL introduced 12-man hockey in the league that season, and when the Dynamiters met the Vernon Canadians in the Savage Cup finals, they were a tired crew. The Okanagan Senior League played with a 15-man roster that season. The Dynamiters played four games in as many nights in their semi-finals against the Spokane Flyers, and to top it off, rushed right into the WIHL finals against the Nelson Maple Leafs, playing five games in six days. The players were not supermen, and it showed in their series with Vernon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 558]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072505-0009-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 WIHL season, Season recap\nSIXTH\u2014The Dynamiters were forced to make Kelowna, British Columbia their headquarters, because the BCAHA decided to play games in Penticton, Kelowna, Vernon and Kamloops, because Vernon wasn't supporting senior hockey. In order to bring their roster up to strength, the Dynamiters talked Bill \"Tank\" Johnston and Jack \"Buck\" Kavanaugh out of retirement, in order to dress three lines.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072505-0010-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 WIHL season, Season recap\nKimberley beat Spokane in Semi-Finals. The Kimberley Dynamiters and Spokane Flyers locked horns in a best-of-five semi-final series; with the Nelson Maple Leafs taking on the last place Trail Smoke Eaters in a similar affair. The Leafs took the Smokies out in four games, with the Dynamiters doing likewise to the Flyers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072505-0011-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 WIHL season, Season recap\nBacked by the scintillating goaltending of Earl Betker, the Dynamiters won the opening game against Spokane 5-2, before 1,600 home fans. Claudie Bell paced the Dynamiters with two goals, with singletons going to Buzz Mellor, Gerry Barre and Barry Craig. Lorne Nadeau collected both Spokane goals. , the Dynamiters hard working defenceman, was picked the number one star of the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072505-0012-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 WIHL season, Season recap\nThe Dynamiters continued their winning ways by racking up a 6-4 triumph the following night, before 1,700 delirious spectators. Cal Hockley was the Dynamiters big gun with the hat trick, with Buzz Mellor picking up a pair of goals, and Norm Knippleberg the other. Tom Hodges registered two counters for the Flyers, and Frank Kubasek and Lorne Nadeau had one apiece. Gordon Andre, a league All-Star defenceman, was a standout for Kimberley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 473]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072505-0013-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 WIHL season, Season recap\nThe scene switched to Spokane for the next two games, with the Flyers capturing the first game by the score of 4-1. George Senick, Red Tilson, Doug Toole and Lorne Nadeau were the Spokane goal getters. Buzz Mellor ruined Jerry Fodey's bid for a shutout.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072505-0014-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 WIHL season, Season recap\nBoth teams appeared weary, after playing four games in four nights, with the Dynamiters showing just enough pep to tack up a 4-3 victory and in doing so, eliminated the Flyers from the playoff scene. Buzz Mellor continued to lead the Dynamiters with a pair of goals, with Barry Craig and Norm Knippleberg gathering singles. Jackie Miller potted a brace of goals for Spokane, and Lorne Nadeau one.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072505-0015-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 WIHL season, Season recap\nDynamiters Hot In Nelson Series. The Kimberley Dynamiters, who had not won a WIHL championship since the 1946-47 season, made no mistakes in the finals against the Nelson Maple Leafs. The Dynamiters, under the capable eye of playing coach Norm Larsen, spotted the Leafs the first game, and then came roaring back to win four in a row.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072505-0016-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 WIHL season, Season recap\nDr. Joseph Vingo of Nelson was the WIHL President that season, and made a switch in the playoff pattern. He ordered the first two games to be played in the home arena of the top team, and the following three away from home, and if necessary, the next two back in the rink where the series started.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072505-0017-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 WIHL season, Season recap\nNorman Larsen, who remembered what happened in the previous year when the Dynamiters won the league championship, and lost out to the Nelson Maple Leafs in the WIHL finals, was determined the same mistake wasn't going to happen again; and had his team humming on all cylinders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072505-0018-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 WIHL season, Season recap\nThe Dynamiters blew a 4-1 lead in the opening game, before over 2,000 Nelson fans, with the Leafs coming on strong to post a 6-5 verdict. Lee Hyssop sparked the Leafs with two goals, with Mickey Maglio, Murray Parker, Vic Lofvendahl and Joe Bell adding singles. Claudie Bell scored twice for the Dynamiters, with Buzz Mellor, Barry Craig and Norm Knippleberg rounding out the scoring sheet.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072505-0019-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 WIHL season, Season recap\nThe Dynamiters turned the tables on the Leafs the following night, before a capacity crowd, by shading the Leafs 6-5 in overtime. Coach Larsen played the hero role by scoring a pretty goal with only 12 seconds remaining in the first overtime. It had looked bad for the Dynamiters, with less than ten minutes remaining in regulation time, when Earl Betker received his severe back injury. The score was knotted at 5-5 at the time, and the Dynamiters sent out an S.O.S. for either Seth Martin or Reno Zanier, but neither was in the arena.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 570]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072505-0019-0001", "contents": "1954\u201355 WIHL season, Season recap\nThe Dynamiters' spare netminder, Art Gold, was back in Kimberley. Betker insisted on returning, and turned in a sparkling performance. Norm Knippleberg paced the Dynamiters with a pair of goals, with Cal Hockley, Claudie Bell, Buzz Mellor and Larsen one each. Nelson received goals from Joe Bell, Fritz Koehle, Herb Jeffrey, Lee Hyssop and Bruce Carmichael.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072505-0020-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 WIHL season, Season recap\nKimberley Takes Three Straight At Home. The Kimberley Dynamiters were at their best playing before capacity crowds at home, and made short order of the Leafs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072505-0021-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 WIHL season, Season recap\nThe first game saw the Dynamiters strike like lightning twice, before the period was 30 seconds old, and went on to score a convincing 6-2 win. Cal Hockley scored twice, with Buzz Mellor, Norm Knippleberg, Gerry Barre and Claudie Bell hitting once. Lee Hyssop and Fritz Koehle were the Leafs' lamplighters. Diminutive Jerry Fodey was a stand out in the Dynamiters net, and received excellent support from his blueline patrol of Bill Jones, \"Terrible\" Ted Lebodia, Barry Craig and Gordon \"the Giant\" Andre.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072505-0022-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 WIHL season, Season recap\nThe Dynamiters could taste victory, and had little trouble in handling the Leafs 5-2 in the fourth game of the series. Claudie Bell came up with a two goal effort, with Buzz Mellor, Gerry Barre and Barry Craig scoring singletons. Herb Jeffrey and Joe Bell gathered the Leafs two counters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072505-0023-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 WIHL season, Season recap\nThe Maple Leafs pushed the Dynamiters to the limit in the fifth and final game of the best-of-seven series. The game ended with a story book finish, with Ray McNevin standing out like a beacon of light for the Dynamiters. The Dynamiters squeezed out a 3-2 win, thanks to Ray McNevin's two goal performance. He tied the game for Kimberley in the third period, and scored the winner in the third overtime session. It was at least ten seconds before the paralyzed crowd realised that McNevin's long shot ended up behind Chuck Rayner, and then they let out with a yell that rocked the ancestors. Claudie Bell scored for Kimberley in the opening period, with Lee Hyssop and Joe Bell beating Fodey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 726]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072505-0024-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 WIHL season, Season recap\nChuck Rayner, the Nelson coach and former star goalie with the New York Rangers of the National Hockey League, pulled off a big surprise by benching regular goalie Ray Mikulan and played himself, in an effort to try to spark the Leafs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072505-0025-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 WIHL season, Season recap\nVernon Trounced Kimberley. The Kimberley Dynamiters were no match for the Vernon Canadians in the hunt for the Savage Cup, and only managed one win in their best-of-seven series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072505-0026-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 WIHL season, Season recap\nVernon won the curtain raiser in a game played at Kelowna, 6-1. The Canadians handled the Dynamiters easily in the second fixture at Vernon 9-2, with the Dynamiters taking the third contest 4-2, also in Vernon. The fourth game was played in Kamloops, with Vernon coming from behind to take a close verdict 5-3, with their final goal scored into an empty net. Vernon wrapped up their first Savage Cup with a convincing 8-1 win in Penticton, before 2,200 fans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072505-0027-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 WIHL season, Season recap\nVernon outscored the Dynamiters 30 goals to 11 in the series. Sherman Blair, a former Dynamiter paced Vernon in the scoring parade with six goals; followed closely by Odie Lowe with five. Claudie Bell was the Dynamiters leading scorer, with four markers to his credit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072505-0028-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 WIHL season, Season recap\nThe 1954-55 edition of the Vernon Canadians, under the capable guidance of playing coach George Agar, was a well balanced club, backed up by the excellent netminding of Hal Gordon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072505-0029-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 WIHL season, Season recap\nThe handwriting was on the wall that senior hockey couldn't survive much longer in the Okanagan: for Kelowna had dropped $11,000 in 54-55; Kamloops $7,000; and Vernon only cleared $200 for the entire season; and it was the playoff that bailed them out of serious trouble. They still owed a $10,000 deficit from the previous year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072505-0030-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 WIHL season, Season recap\nThe Penticton V's, despite the fact they had just won the Allan Cup and the 1955 World Ice Hockey Championships, were having oxygen pumped to them, in order to survive their money crisis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072505-0031-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 WIHL season, Season recap\nIt wasn't too long before senior hockey folded like a tent, in the once hockey-mad league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072505-0032-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 WIHL season, Semi finals\nNelson Maple Leafs beat Trail Smoke Eaters 3 wins to 1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 32], "content_span": [33, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072505-0033-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 WIHL season, Final\nKimberley Dynamiters beat Nelson Maple Leafs 4 wins to 1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 26], "content_span": [27, 84]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072505-0034-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 WIHL season, Final\nKimberley Dynamiters advanced to the 1954-55 British Columbia Senior Playoffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 26], "content_span": [27, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072506-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Washington Huskies men's basketball team\nThe 1954\u201355 Washington Huskies men's basketball team represented the University of Washington for the 1954\u201355 NCAA college basketball season. Led by fifth-year head coach Tippy Dye, the Huskies were members of the Pacific Coast Conference and played their home games on campus at Hec Edmundson Pavilion in Seattle, Washington.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072506-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Washington Huskies men's basketball team\nThe Huskies were 13\u201312 overall in the regular season and 7\u20139 in conference play, third in the Northern divisionstandings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072507-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Washington State Cougars men's basketball team\nThe 1954\u201355 Washington State Cougars men's basketball team represented Washington State College for the 1954\u201355 college basketball season. Led by 27th-year head coach Jack Friel, the Cougars were members of the Pacific Coast Conference and played their home games on campus at Bohler Gymnasium in Pullman, Washington.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072507-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Washington State Cougars men's basketball team\nThe Cougars were 11\u201315 overall in the regular season and 5\u201311 in conference play, tied for last in the Northern division standings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072508-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Welsh Cup\nThe 1954\u201355 FAW Welsh Cup is the 68th season of the annual knockout tournament for competitive football teams in Wales.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072508-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Welsh Cup, Fifth round\nTen winners from the Fourth round and six new clubs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 83]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072508-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Welsh Cup, Semifinal\nBarry Town and Wrexham played at Cardiff, Cardiff City and Chester played at Wrexham.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 28], "content_span": [29, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072509-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Western Football League\nThe 1954\u201355 season was the 53rd in the history of the Western Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072509-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Western Football League\nThe champions for the first time in their history were Dorchester Town, and the winners of Division Two were Yeovil Town Reserves.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072509-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Western Football League, Final tables, Division One\nDivision One remained at eighteen clubs after two clubs were promoted to replace Clandown and Stonehouse who were relegated to Division Two.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 59], "content_span": [60, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072509-0003-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Western Football League, Final tables, Division Two\nDivision Two remained at eighteen clubs after Stonehouse Reserves left the league, and Bristol City Colts and Bristol Rovers Colts were promoted to Division One. Three new clubs joined:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 59], "content_span": [60, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072510-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Western Kentucky Hilltoppers basketball team\nThe 1954\u201355 Western Kentucky Hilltoppers men's basketball team represented Western Kentucky State College during the 1954-55 NCAA University Division Basketball season. The Hilltoppers were led by future Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame coach Edgar Diddle. Western won the Ohio Valley Conference season championship but lost in the semifinals of the conference tournament. Ralph Crosthwaite and Forest Able were named to the All-Conference and OVC Tournament teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072511-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 William & Mary Indians men's basketball team\nThe 1954\u201355 William & Mary Indians men's basketball team represented the College of William & Mary in intercollegiate basketball during the 1954\u201355 NCAA men's basketball season. Under the third year of head coach Boydson Baird, the team finished the season 11\u201314, 7\u20135 in the Southern Conference. This was the 50th season of the collegiate basketball program at William & Mary, whose nickname is now the Tribe. William & Mary played its home games at Blow Gymnasium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072511-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 William & Mary Indians men's basketball team\nThe Indians finished in 6th place in the conference and qualified for the 1955 Southern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament, held at the Richmond Arena. However, William & Mary fell to Richmond in the quarterfinals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072512-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Wisconsin Badgers men's basketball team\nThe 1954\u20131955 Wisconsin Badgers men's basketball team represented University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison. The head coach was Harold E. Foster, coaching his twentyfirst season with the Badgers. The team played their home games at the UW Fieldhouse in Madison, Wisconsin and was a member of the Big Ten Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072513-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season\nThe 1954\u201355 season was the 56th season of competitive league football in the history of English football club Wolverhampton Wanderers. They played in the First Division, then the highest level of English football, for a 17th consecutive year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072513-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season\nThey entered the season as the defending league champions but were denied a second consecutive title by Chelsea, who finished four points ahead of them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072513-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season, Results, Final League Table\nPld = Matches played; W = Matches won; D = Matches drawn; L = Matches lost; F = Goals for; A = Goals against; GA = Goal average; Pts = Points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 72], "content_span": [73, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072513-0003-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season, Players Used\nBert Williams\t39\t4\t1\t44Billy Wright\t39\t4\t0\t43Peter Broadbent\t38\t4\t1\t43Dennis Wilshaw\t28\t4\t1\t43Bill Slater\t38\t4\t0\t42Ron Flowers\t37\t4\t1\t42Bill Shorthouse\t36\t4\t1\t41Roy Swinbourne\t36\t4\t1\t41Les Smith\t34\t4\t0\t38Eddie Stuart\t33\t4\t0\t37Johnny Hancocks\t32\t3\t1\t36Jimmy Mullen\t17\t0\t0\t17Eddie Clamp\t10\t0\t1\t11George Showell\t8\t0\t0\t8Norman Deeley\t7\t0\t1\t8Roy Pritchard\t7\t0\t0\t7Colin Booth\t3\t0\t0\t3Nigel Sims\t3\t0\t0\t3Jack Taylor\t3\t0\t0\t3Peter Russell\t2\t0\t1\t3Tommy McDonald\t1\t1\t0\t2Joe Baillie\t1\t0\t0\t1Bill Gutterirdge\t0\t0\t1\t1", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 57], "content_span": [58, 558]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072514-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Yorkshire Cup\n1954\u201355 was the forty-seventh occasion on which the  Yorkshire Cup competition had been held.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072514-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Yorkshire Cup\nHalifax winning the trophy by beating Hull F.C. by the score of 22-14", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 91]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072514-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Yorkshire Cup\nThe match was played at Headingley, Leeds, now in West Yorkshire. The attendance was 25,949 and receipts were \u00a34,638", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072514-0003-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Yorkshire Cup\nThis was the  first of Halifax's two successive victories, both against Hull FC, for whom it was their second of three successive Cup Final defeats", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072514-0004-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Yorkshire Cup, Background\nThis season there were no junior/amateur clubs taking part, no new entrants and no \"leavers\" and so the total of entries remained the  same at sixteen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 33], "content_span": [34, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072514-0005-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Yorkshire Cup, Background\nThis in turn resulted in no byes in the first round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 33], "content_span": [34, 86]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072514-0006-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Yorkshire Cup, Background\nLast season saw the  end of the  two-legged home and away ties, and reverted to the  whole competition being based on a simple knock-out formulae", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 33], "content_span": [34, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072514-0007-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Yorkshire Cup, Competition and results, Final, Teams and scorers\nScoring - Try = three (3) points - Goal = two (2) points - Drop goal = two (2) points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 72], "content_span": [73, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072514-0008-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Yorkshire Cup, Notes and comments\n1 * Headingley, Leeds, is the home ground of Leeds RLFC with a capacity of 21,000. The record attendance was  40,175 for a league match between Leeds and Bradford Northern on 21 May 1947.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 41], "content_span": [42, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072514-0009-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Yorkshire Cup, Notes and comments, General information for those unfamiliar\nThe Rugby League Yorkshire Cup competition was a knock-out competition between (mainly professional) rugby league clubs from  the  county of Yorkshire. The actual area was at times increased to encompass other teams from  outside the  county such as Newcastle, Mansfield, Coventry, and even London (in the form of Acton & Willesden).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 83], "content_span": [84, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072514-0010-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Yorkshire Cup, Notes and comments, General information for those unfamiliar\nThe Rugby League season always (until the onset of \"Summer Rugby\" in 1996) ran from around August-time through to around May-time and this competition always took place early in the season, in the Autumn, with the final taking place in (or just before) December (The only exception to this was when disruption of the fixture list was caused during, and immediately after, the two World Wars)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 83], "content_span": [84, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072515-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Yugoslav First League, Teams\nAt the end of the previous season Odred Ljubljana and Rabotni\u010dki were relegated from top level. They were replaced by NK Zagreb and \u017deljezni\u010dar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 36], "content_span": [37, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072516-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 Yugoslav Ice Hockey League season\nThe 1954\u201355 Yugoslav Ice Hockey League season was the 13th season of the Yugoslav Ice Hockey League, the top level of ice hockey in Yugoslavia. Six teams participated in the league, and Partizan won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072517-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 in Belgian football\nThe 1954\u201355 season was the 52nd season of competitive football in Belgium. RSC Anderlechtois won their 6th Division I title and thus became the first Belgian club to enter European competitions as the European Champion Clubs' Cup was first played in 1955-56. The Belgium national football team played 6 friendly games (2 wins, 1 draw, 3 losses). The first Belgian Golden Shoe was awarded in 1955 for the best Belgian played during the 1954 year. Henri Coppens of R Beerschot AC won the trophy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072517-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 in Belgian football, Overview\nAt the end of the season, RRC de Bruxelles and OC Charleroi were relegated to Division II and were replaced by Division II winner R Daring Club de Bruxelles and runner-up K Beeringen FC. The bottom 2 clubs in Division II (KFC Izegem and RRC de Gand) were relegated to Division III while both Division III winners (KFC Herentals and RRC Tournaisien) qualified for Division II. The bottom 2 clubs of each Division III league were relegated to Promotion: K Patria FC Tongeren, Stade Waremmien FC, KVG Oostende and K Sint-Niklaasse SK, to be replaced by Mol Sport, SCUP Jette, RCS Hallois and KVK Waaslandia Burcht from Promotion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 664]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072518-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 in English football\nThe 1954\u201355 season was the 75th season of competitive football in England, from August 1954 to May 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072518-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 in English football, Overview\nChelsea, managed by legendary former Arsenal forward Ted Drake, celebrate their 50th anniversary by winning the league championship. They finish four points ahead of their nearest three rivals Wolverhampton Wanderers, Portsmouth and Sunderland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072518-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 in English football, Overview\nManchester United's new-look side with an emphasis on youth finish fifth, their title hopes dashed only by a slow start to the season. Just before the end of the season, their 18-year-old half-back Duncan Edwards becomes the youngest full England international of the 20th century.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072518-0003-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 in English football, Overview\nTottenham Hotspur can only manage a 16th-place finish in the First Division, despite the acquisition of skilful half-back Danny Blanchflower from Aston Villa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072518-0004-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 in English football, Overview\nThis was the first season in Liverpool F.C. 's history in which they had played in the second division and not been champions. They had had three seasons in the division previously \u2013 1893\u201394, 1895\u201396 and 1904\u201305, and were immediately promoted as champions each time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072518-0005-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 in English football, Overview\nNewcastle United win the FA Cup for the sixth time, matching the record set by Aston Villa. Three of those victories have come in the last five seasons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072518-0006-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 in English football, Overview\nUEFA announces that the European Champions Cup will be introduced from next season, to be contested between the champions of European domestic leagues, including those from Eastern Bloc countries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072518-0007-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 in English football, Honours\nNotes = Number in parentheses is the times that club has won that honour. * indicates new record for competition", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 36], "content_span": [37, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072519-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 in Israeli football\nThe 1954\u201355 season was the 7th season of competitive football in Israel and the 29th season under the Israeli Football Association, established in 1928, during the British Mandate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072519-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 in Israeli football, Domestic leagues, 1953\u201354 Liga Alef\nAlthough league matches for the previous season ended on 13 March 1954, the confirmation of the league's final standings was delayed, as a match between Maccabi Haifa and Maccabi Petah Tikva, which was played on 26 December 1953 and ended with a 3\u20132 win for Haifa, was claimed to be fixed, to allow Maccabi Haifa to win. Eventually, on 10 January 1955, the IFA decided to replay the match in a neutral venue, Maccabi Haifa won the rematch 4\u20131 and secured their spot in the top division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 64], "content_span": [65, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072519-0001-0001", "contents": "1954\u201355 in Israeli football, Domestic leagues, 1953\u201354 Liga Alef\nHowever, with the IFA already deadlocked with an ongoing dispute between Hapoel and Maccabi, Beitar declared its resignation from the IFA in protest of the IFA decision to replay the Maccabi Haifa-Maccabi Petah Tikva match. Discussions were held with the help of Judge Yosef-Michael Lamm, and an agreement between the factions was reached on 28 January 1955, confirming the results of the season and reprieving Beitar Tel Aviv and Hapoel Balfouria from relegation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 64], "content_span": [65, 529]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072519-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 in Israeli football, Domestic leagues, Shapira Cup\nDuring the first half of the season, as no league matches were played, Hapoel Tel Aviv organized a league competition for the top Tel Aviv teams, Hapoel, Maccabi, Beitar and Maccabi Jaffa. The competition was played as a double round-robin tournament, with the top placed team winning the cup, named after former Hapoel Tel Aviv treasurer, Yosef Shapira.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 58], "content_span": [59, 413]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072519-0003-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 in Israeli football, Domestic leagues, 1954\u201355 Liga Alef\nLeague matches were delayed until 6 February 1955, and by the time the IFA had gone to summer break, 20 rounds of matches were completed, delaying the end of the league season to the next season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 64], "content_span": [65, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072519-0004-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 in Israeli football, Domestic cups\nThe competition started on 22 January 1955, and by the end of the season reached the quarter-finals stage. The competition was completed during the next season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 42], "content_span": [43, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072519-0005-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 in Israeli football, National Teams, National team\nNo official matches were played by the national team during the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 58], "content_span": [59, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072519-0006-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 in Israeli football, International club matches, Outgoing tours, Maccabi Tel Aviv tour of Italy\nIn August 1954, Maccabi Tel Aviv departed for a tour of Italy, intending to play Lazio, Torino, Roma and Napoli. However, the matches against Torino and Roma were cancelled, and the team returned home after playing just two matches in Italy and one more match, en route home, against RC Paris, which was Ernst Happel's first match for RC Paris.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 103], "content_span": [104, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072519-0007-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 in Israeli football, International club matches, Outgoing tours, Petah Tikva XI tour of Cyprus\nOn 24 September 1954 a team of players from both Hapoel Petah Tikva and Maccabi Petah Tikva departed for a tour of Cyprus, without the consent of the IFA. The Hapoel organization sent a telegram forbidding the participation of Hapoel players in any match, and the team played as Maccabi Petah Tikva. After returning to Israel, Maccabi Petah Tikva was banned for 6 months for its part of the tour, while Hapoel Petah Tikva received a fine of 50 pounds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 102], "content_span": [103, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072519-0008-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 in Israeli football, International club matches, Outgoing tours, Maccabi Israel tour of England\nA Maccabi XI, composed of the best players affiliated with Maccabi clubs, took a tour of England between 21 October and 7 November 1954. Maccabi lost all four matches during the tour and was criticized heavily for arranging the tour and the pick of its opponents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 103], "content_span": [104, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072519-0009-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 in Israeli football, International club matches, Visiting foreign teams, Be\u015fikta\u015f\nThe visiting Turks met several composite teams, in Petah Tikva, a team from the local Hapoel and Maccabi teams, in Tel Aviv a team of the best Hapoel affiliated players and in Haifa a team from the Hapoel teams of Haifa, Kiryat Haim and Tirat HaCarmel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 89], "content_span": [90, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072519-0010-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 in Israeli football, International club matches, Visiting foreign teams, Udarnik Sofia\nUdarnik was invited to a return visit to Hapoel tour of Bulgaria during the previous season. The team arrived 8 October 1954 and played three matches in Israel. At the end of the tour, as the Bulgarians encountered problems with obtaining visas for a layover in Istanbul, a fourth match was arranged with mixed teams of Udarnik, Hapoel Tel Aviv and Maccabi Jaffa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 94], "content_span": [95, 458]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072520-0000-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 in Scottish football\nThe 1954\u201355 season was the 82nd season of competitive football in Scotland and the 58th season of the Scottish Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072520-0001-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 in Scottish football, Scottish League Division A\nChampions: AberdeenNote: There was no relegation this season with Division One being increased to 18 teams next season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 56], "content_span": [57, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072520-0002-0000", "contents": "1954\u201355 in Scottish football, Scottish League Division C\nDivision disbanded. Promoted: Montrose, East Stirlingshire, Berwick Rangers, Dumbarton, Stranraer. Reserve teams placed into a separate Scottish (Reserve) League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 56], "content_span": [57, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072521-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\n1955 (MCMLV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1955th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 955th  year of the 2nd\u00a0millennium, the 55th  year of the 20th\u00a0century, and the  6th   year of the 1950s decade.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 4], "section_span": [4, 4], "content_span": [5, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072522-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 (album)\n1955 is a 1998 hip hop music album by Soul-Junk. Musically, the album is the most centred between the low-fi and hip hop eras of Soul-Junk; as put by CCM Magazine \"trip-hop meets folk meets retro rock.\" As with many Soul-Junk albums, the Biblical references from which the lyrics are drawn are listed in the liner. 1955 has a length of about two-and-a-half hours, which was cut from about six hours of material.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072523-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 (song)\n\"1955\" is a song by Australian hip hop group, Hilltop Hoods. It was released as the second single from the group's second remix album, Drinking from the Sun, Walking Under Stars Restrung (2016). In Australia, \"1955\" peaked at No. 2 on the Australian ARIA Singles Chart, becoming Hilltop Hoods' highest charting single to date. The song was rated number four in Triple J's Hottest 100 in 2016. The song's accompanying music video was released on 7 February 2016 via their Facebook page.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [11, 11], "content_span": [12, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072523-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 (song)\nTo celebrate the release of the album, \"1955\" along with the other tracks on Drinking from the Sun, Walking Under Stars Restrung were performed in the Restrung Tour. This tour went to Australia's five capital cities and featured Australia's best symphony orchestras and choirs along with special guest Maverick Sabre and Montaigne.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [11, 11], "content_span": [12, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072523-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 (song), Background\nInspiration for the song came when Matthew Lambert (Suffa) and his wife went to see comedian Dylan Moran. Moran opened the show by stating that he'd always wanted to come to Adelaide to see what it would've been like in 1955. Lambert later commented on Moran's performance:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 23], "content_span": [24, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072523-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 (song), Background\n\"That cracked me up. I love Adelaide \u2013 I\u2019ve lived there my whole life, but yeah it is sort of like that and when you\u2019re from a small town it is almost like you\u2019re stuck in a different era of time \u2013 which is just fine with me while there\u2019s bombs over Damascus. I\u2019m grateful to live somewhere beautiful and safe.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 23], "content_span": [24, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072523-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 (song), Background\nHilltop Hoods collaborated with Australian singer Montaigne and beatboxer Tom Thum for the song.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 23], "content_span": [24, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072523-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 (song), Background\nIn an interview with Triple J, Suffa commented on what the song was about:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 23], "content_span": [24, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072523-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 (song), Background\n\"[it's] about living in a small town, a place where things don\u2019t change too much\u2026 sometimes living in a small town is like living in a different era. I actually love small town life, obviously it has its drawbacks, but I really enjoy the simplicity and being part of a community\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 23], "content_span": [24, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072523-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 (song), Composition\n\"1955\" is a hip hop song which is written in the key E major and has a tempo of 84 beats per minute. The track goes for 3 minutes and 59 seconds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 24], "content_span": [25, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072523-0008-0000", "contents": "1955 (song), Reference to popular culture\nTom Thum's opening line in the track makes reference to \"sniffing salts\", a chemical compound that was used in the early 20th century that could be used to wake someone up from an unconscious state. The lyrics are relayed to imitate an old radio advertisement:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 41], "content_span": [42, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072523-0009-0000", "contents": "1955 (song), Reference to popular culture\n\"If you're feeling low, then give it a go! Try Lambert's Sniffing Salts today\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 41], "content_span": [42, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072523-0010-0000", "contents": "1955 (song), Reference to popular culture\nThe group also criticise the amount of racial profiling that occurs in society, by making reference to the \"Clutch of Fear\": the act of clutching a purse in fear due to the racial profiling of a nearby individual.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 41], "content_span": [42, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072523-0011-0000", "contents": "1955 (song), Reference to popular culture\nSuffa is quick to dismiss the advice of people who watch news channels like Fox, stating how they are unreliable and biased:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 41], "content_span": [42, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072523-0012-0000", "contents": "1955 (song), Reference to popular culture\n\"They prophecise on the bench by the main road, right", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 41], "content_span": [42, 95]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072523-0013-0000", "contents": "1955 (song), Reference to popular culture\nThey got advice; I\u2019m like 'Ayo, if you say so guys'", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 41], "content_span": [42, 93]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072523-0014-0000", "contents": "1955 (song), Reference to popular culture\nBut what do they know, Fox News got 'em lit\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 41], "content_span": [42, 86]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072523-0015-0000", "contents": "1955 (song), Reference to popular culture\nThe group makes reference to 'Plan C'. A plan devised by the FBI during the Cold War which enforced martial law if a nuclear attack was to occur. Hence \"it gets so quiet at night\", since the military was able to enforce new laws such as curfews during this period.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 41], "content_span": [42, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072523-0016-0000", "contents": "1955 (song), Reference to popular culture\nThere is also a reference to \"the War of the Worlds\" episode in the anthology series \"The Mercury Theater on the Air\". This radio broadcast features an alien invasion story, which causes mass panic amongst civilians as they are not aware that the broadcast is a work of fiction. This reference is made in Tom Thum's lyrics:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 41], "content_span": [42, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072523-0017-0000", "contents": "1955 (song), Reference to popular culture\n\"And across the country, they came in waves. Thousands upon thousands of flying discs descending from the planet Mars.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 41], "content_span": [42, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072523-0018-0000", "contents": "1955 (song), Music video\nThe music video was initially released on 7 February 2016 and was produced by Anna Bardsley-Jones and directed by Richard Coburn. It features a cameo from rapper Briggs as \"Grill Murray\" and is set in a 1950s diner. The video depicts a wholesome environment where everything seems perfect and peaceful and all the people are happy and polite. However, the viewers of the video observe the diner through the eyes of a young girl (Montaigne) and how, beneath the surface, everything is not what it seems to be. This is shown through the various emotional outbursts that occur throughout the video by the patrons of the diner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 24], "content_span": [25, 648]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072523-0019-0000", "contents": "1955 (song), Chart performance\nIn Australia, \"1955\" debuted at number 25 on the Australia ARIA Singles Chart in the week beginning 21 February 2016. It peaked at number 2 four weeks later in the week beginning 13 March 2016. The track managed to stay on the charts for a total of 28 weeks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 30], "content_span": [31, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072524-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 10 Hours of Messina\nThe 4th 10 Hours of Messina was a sports car race, held on 25 July 1955 in the street circuit of Messina, Italy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072525-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 1000 km Buenos Aires\nThe 1955 1000 km Buenos Aires took place on 23 January, on the Aut\u00f3dromo Municipal-Avenida Paz, (Buenos Aires, Argentina). It was the second running of the race, and once again, it was opening round of the F.I.A. World Sports Car Championship. For this event, a longer section of the Autopista General Pablo Riccheri route was added, making the circuit 17.136\u00a0km in length.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072525-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 1000 km Buenos Aires, Report, Entry\nA grand total of 55 racing cars were registered for this event, of which all arrived for practice and qualifying. Although this was the first major sports car race of the year, the race was poorly supported by the work of teams. Only Ferrari and Equipe Gordini sent cars from Europe. Both teams were represented by two cars in the race. Ferrari send a Ferrari 376 S for Maurice Trintignant and Jos\u00e9 Froil\u00e1n Gonz\u00e1lez, and a 750 Monza for Umberto Maglioli and Clemar Bucci. Meanwhile, France was represented by a Gordini T24S in the hands of \u00c9lie Bayol and Harry Schell, and a T15 for the Argentine pairing of Adolfo Schwelm Cruz and Pedro J. Llano. The remainders of the field were cars from South America.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 40], "content_span": [41, 746]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072525-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 1000 km Buenos Aires, Report, Qualifying\nThe French Grand Prix racer, Trintignant took pole position for Scuderia Ferrari, in their Ferrari 376 S.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 45], "content_span": [46, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072525-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 1000 km Buenos Aires, Report, Race\nThe race was held over 58 laps of the 10.648 miles, Aut\u00f3dromo Municipal-Avenida Paz, giving a distance of 617.574 miles (993.888\u00a0km). In the race, both factory Ferraris were disqualified, leaving the privately entered Ferrari 375 Plus of Enrique Saenz Valiente and Jos\u00e9-Maria Ibanez to win by nearing five minutes. Car number 4, took an impressive victory, winning in a time of 6hrs 35:15.4 mins., averaging a speed of 93.748\u00a0mph. In second was another locally prepared Ferrari, of Carlos Najurieta and C\u00e9sar Rivero. The podium was complete by Equipo Presidente Peron\u2019s Maserati A6GCS of Jos\u00e9 M. Faraoni and Ricardo Grandio, who were two laps adrift, but did win their class.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 39], "content_span": [40, 715]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072525-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 1000 km Buenos Aires, Standings after the race\nChampionship points were awarded for the first six places in each race in the order of 8-6-4-3-2-1. Manufacturers were only awarded points for their highest finishing car with no points awarded for positions filled by additional cars. Only the best 4 results out of the 6 races could be retained by each manufacturer. Points earned but not counted towards the championship totals are listed within brackets in the above table.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 51], "content_span": [52, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072526-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 12 Hours of Sebring\nThe 1955 Florida International Twelve Hour Grand Prix of Endurance took place on 13 March, on the Sebring International Raceway (Florida, United States). It was the second round of the F.I.A. World Sports Car Championship. For the fifth running of the event, the 5.2 mile course had been widened and smoothed with a new asphalt topping laid down. This was for safety and would allow the cars to achieve greater speed, especially in some of the corners.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072526-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Entry\nA massive total of 124 racing cars were registered for this event, of which 101 arrived for practice, trying to get among the 80 qualifiers for the race. Despite the size of the entry, the event was not supported by the major European teams, although there was one factory entry from England, for Donald Healey Motor Co., driven by Stirling Moss, who piloted an Osca to victory in 1954 with fellow Englishmen, Lance Macklin and two cars from France for Regie Renault Co., who include Robert Manzon amongst their squad. With no factory Ferrari entry to defend their championship lead, they were supported by the private entries of Allen Guiberson and Luigi Chinetti.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 705]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072526-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Entry\nBriggs Cunningham returned after winning in 1954, with five cars from five different manufacturers. One of those cars was a factory-supported Jaguar D-Type for Phil Walters and Mike Hawthorn. Cunningham himself was entered in a new Offenhauser-powered Cunningham C-6R with John Gordon Bennett.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072526-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Entry\nThere were a dozen different countries represented in the field, including the teams from Mexico and Venezuela. The later had Chester \"Chet\" Flynn leading their effort, while the Mexicans had a two car team with Fred T. Van Beuren and Carlos Braniff leading their charge. The race saw its first Hollywood movie star, as Jackie Cooper was listed to pilot an Austin-Healey 100S.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072526-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Entry\nMiss Isabelle Haskell was to become the first woman to complete, not only in the 12 Hours of Sebring \u2013 but in any American Automobile Association sanctioned race. Although the AAA did not allow ladies drivers, Haskell discovered that there was no such restriction placed on 'foreign races'. By race day, another woman had signed up to drive in the race, Greta Oakes was listed to take the wheel with her husband, Sydney Oakes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072526-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Race\nThe race was held over 12 hours on the 5.2 miles Sebring International Raceway. An estimated 20,000 spectators showed on a warm and sunny raceday. With the race starting promptly at 10am, 80 cars scrambled for positions. Meanwhile, six drivers who were unhappy at not being allowed to start, decided to go on the track at the start, they did one or two laps and then got off the track. Statistics show that the Hawthorn/Walter's Jaguar D-Type led all but one of the 182 completed laps, That single lap, a Ferrari 750 Monza of Piero Taruffi and Harry Schell were able take to the front for lap 32.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 635]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072526-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Race\nAs darkness fell on the former Hendricks Army Airfield, the race ended in confusion. At one point, the Ferrari of Phil Hill and Carroll Shelby were declared winners, then it was the D-Type. The Jag was called to the winner's circle, only to run out of fuel during the victory lap. The former Le Mans winner, Luigi Chinetti, the Ferrari representative from New York protested the result, which was counter-protected by the Jaguar owner, Briggs Cunningham. Cunningham insisted that the D-Type had passed the Ferrari.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072526-0006-0001", "contents": "1955 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Race\nThe owner of the Ferrari, Allen Guiberson demanded that the D-Type should be disqualified, as it passed the Ferrari under a yellow flag. Cunningham countered the Index of Performance Trophy should not have been handed to Hill/Shelby, when in fact it should have gone to the Osca driven by Bill Lloyd and George Huntoon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072526-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Race\nThe AAA contest board called a meeting on 21 March to make a final decision. They inspected the records of Cunningham and Guiberson, and that of race timekeeper, Joe Lane. The AAA declared the Jaguar had won by a margin of ten seconds. Although Cunningham had won the race, his protest was disallowed and Ferrari was ruled the handicap winners under the Index of Performance. This was due to an admission by Ferrari team chief, Nello Ugolini had forgotten to count a lap. As a result, Walters became the first driver to win the Grand Prix of Endurance twice \u2013 having co-driven a Cunningham-Chrysler C4-R to victory with John Fitch in the 1953 race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 687]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072526-0008-0000", "contents": "1955 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Race\nThe winning D-Type covered 182 laps (946.4 miles), averaging a speed of 79.300\u00a0mph. The podium was complete by William Spear's Maserati 300S, which he co-drove with Sherwood Johnston albeit two laps adrift. Elsewhere, Cooper managed to finish the race in 41st, Haskell did not. She went out with an apparent engine problem. The Oakes' Austin-Healey also failed to finish, after being involved in an accident.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072526-0009-0000", "contents": "1955 12 Hours of Sebring, Standings after the race\nChampionship points were awarded for the first six places in each race in the order of 8-6-4-3-2-1. Manufacturers were only awarded points for their highest finishing car with no points awarded for positions filled by additional cars. Only the best 4 results out of the 6 races could be retained by each manufacturer. Points earned but not counted towards the championship totals are listed within brackets in the above table.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 50], "content_span": [51, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072527-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 24 Hours of Le Mans\nThe 1955 24 Hours of Le Mans was the 23rd 24 Hours of Le Mans and took place on 11 and 12 June 1955 on Circuit de la Sarthe. It was also the fourth round of the F.I.A. World Sports Car Championship. During the race, Pierre Levegh crashed into a crowd of spectators, killing 84 and injuring 120 in the deadliest accident in motor racing history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072527-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 24 Hours of Le Mans, Regulations\nThe Automobile Club de l'Ouest (ACO) again lifted the replenishment window (just changed the year before) of fuel, oil and water from 30 to 32 laps (just over 430\u00a0km), but by the same token, the maximum fuel allowance for all cars was increased to 200 litres for the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072527-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 24 Hours of Le Mans, Regulations\nOn the track, road improvements continued with the whole back section, from Tertre Rouge around to Maison Blanche resurfaced.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072527-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nA total of 87 racing cars were registered for this event, of which 70 arrived for practice, to qualify for the 60 places on the starting grid, and included 15 factory teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072527-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nThe battle between Coventry and Maranello of the previous year was joined by Mercedes-Benz, fresh from a triumphant debut in the Mille Miglia with their new 300SLR, along with dark horses Cunningham, Aston Martin and Maserati, all with new 3-litre cars, as well as Talbot, Gordini, Cooper, and Austin-Healey. It led observers to anticipate a great contest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072527-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nTitle-holders Ferrari arrived with the new 735 LM, powered by a straight-six engine derived from the previous year's Formula 1 car (and stepping away from the usual 12-cylinder Ferrari engines) producing a 360\u00a0bhp (270\u00a0kW). The works team mixed its current F1 drivers along with new talent: Eugenio Castellotti with Paolo Marzotto, Maurice Trintignant with Harry Schell and Umberto Maglioli drove with Phil Hill. Maglioli and Hill had been Ferrari rivals in the previous Carrera Panamericana. There were also two 3-litre 750 Monzas run by French private entries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072527-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nHaving conquered Formula 1, Mercedes-Benz had now turned its attention to sports car racing. Their 300SLRs were rated by many experts as the best sports cars in the world. The fuel-injected 3-litre straight-8 was the most advanced of the entire field, producing 300\u00a0bhp (220\u00a0kW). The inboard drum brakes, however, were only questionably adequate for the heavier chassis, facing the tough braking demands of Le Mans. To compensate, a hand-operated air brake was added to the rear deck for high speed braking.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 541]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072527-0006-0001", "contents": "1955 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nTeam manager Alfred Neubauer, in a remarkably diplomatic move (recalling the war had only ended 10 years earlier), assembled a multi-national team for the race, pairing his two best drivers Juan Manuel Fangio and Stirling Moss in the lead car, 1952 race-winner Karl Kling with Frenchman Andr\u00e9 Simon (both also in the current F1 team) and American John Fitch with one of the elder statesmen of French motor-racing, Pierre Levegh. (Belgian racing-journalist Paul Fr\u00e8re had originally been approached but signed to drive for Aston Martin, instead.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 579]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072527-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nJaguar arrived with three works D-types. This year's model had engine power increased from 250 to 270\u00a0bhp (190 to 200\u00a0kW), for a top speed of almost 280\u00a0km/h (170\u00a0mph). The team consisted of 1953 winners Tony Rolt and Duncan Hamilton; up-and-coming English star Mike Hawthorn (stolen from Ferrari) paired with rookie Ivor Bueb; and Jaguar test driver Norman Dewis sharing the third car with Don Beauman. They were backed up by D-Types entered by Belgium's Ecurie Francorchamps and from American Briggs Cunningham's team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072527-0008-0000", "contents": "1955 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nCunningham hedged his bets this year \u2013 along with the Jaguar he loaned 750 Monzas to French privateer Michel Pobejersky (racing as \"Mike Sparken\") and American Masten Gregory. He also brought (for the last time, as it happened) a new Cunningham C6-R, giving up on a big V8 Hemi to instead use an Indianapolis-style Offenhauser 3.0L straight-4. He and Sherwood Johnston would race it.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072527-0009-0000", "contents": "1955 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nThe Maserati team did make it this year \u2013 with a pair of their elegant new 3.0L 300Ss, which had already shown promise at Sebring. They were run by the team's regular F1 drivers, one shared by Roberto Mieres and Cesare Perdisa, the other by Luigi Musso and endurance racing veteran Luigi \"Gino\" Valenzano. Maserati also ran a smaller A6GCS in the S-2000 class.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072527-0010-0000", "contents": "1955 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nLouis Rosier's privateer Talbot did not make the start, so the large-engined French challenge this year came from Gordini with a 3-litre T24S for F1 drivers Jean Behra and \u00c9lie Bayol. Like Maserati, they also ran a smaller T20S in the S-2000 class.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072527-0011-0000", "contents": "1955 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nThere was great interest for British fans, aside from the Jaguar team. In total there were 27 British cars starting, nearly half the field. Aston Martin pared back its effort a bit, to just three DB3S (now with disc brakes and an improved 225\u00a0bhp (168\u00a0kW) 3-litre engine). They came with a good driver line-up: Peter Collins and Paul Fr\u00e8re, 1951 winner Peter Walker and Roy Salvadori, and rookies Tony Brooks and John Riseley-Prichard. They also persisted with the Lagonda project \u2013 the 4.5L V12 being biggest engine in the field. This year Reg Parnell was co-driven by Dennis Poore.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 617]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072527-0012-0000", "contents": "1955 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nAfter boycotting the previous year's race, Austin-Healey returned with a single 100S prototype. Cooper brought two cars \u2013 one a Jaguar-engined T38, the other, a T39, with a Climax engine. In the S-2000 class, along with a pair each of Triumph TR2s and Frazer Nash Sebrings, Bristol was back, this time with its 450C open-top variant. To save pit-time, the team also pioneered a multi-barrel spanner to remove and re-apply all the wheelnuts together when changing the wheel. MG returned after 20 years with the EX.182 prototype \u2013 a 1.5L forerunner of the upcoming MGA roadster. Colin Chapman, racing with Scotsman Ron Flockhart arrived with his new Lotus 9 sports car \u2013 like the other small English firms Kieft, Cooper and Arnott, running the 1100cc Climax engine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 797]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072527-0013-0000", "contents": "1955 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nAfter a fortuitous class victory in 1954, Porsche arrived in force with a mix of works and (nominally) private entries: four cars in the S-1500 and two in the S-1100 classes. In contrast, after the despair of their 1954 race, OSCA only had a single privateer in the S-1500 class.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072527-0014-0000", "contents": "1955 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nThe smallest, S-750, class was again dominated by French cars, from Panhard, Monopole, DB (all with Panhard engines), and VP-Renault. Panhard also fielded two bigger, 850cc-engined, cars that had to run in the S-1100 class. However several Italian teams arrived to take on the French with entries from Moretti and Stanguellini. Perhaps the most unusual entry was the tiny catamaran-style Damolnar Bisiluro from Ufficine Nardi \u2013 where the driver sat in one boom and the engine and running gear was in the other.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072527-0015-0000", "contents": "1955 24 Hours of Le Mans, Practice\nAs expected, the Ferraris showed themselves to be extremely fast on a single lap, and Castellotti set the fastest official time, easily breaking the lap record and was a second quicker than Fangio in his Mercedes. But there were also a number of serious accidents during practice: Moss was leaving the pits just as the DB-Panhard of Claude Storez came in, the small car hit Jean Behra. While both cars were able to start the race, Behra had face and leg injuries that forced him out, to be replaced by reserve driver Robert Manzon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 566]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072527-0015-0001", "contents": "1955 24 Hours of Le Mans, Practice\nComing into Maison Blanche,  Behra's erstwhile teammate \u00c9lie Bayol in the new Gordini T24S came upon two spectators crossing the track. He swerved and rolled the car and was taken to hospital with a fractured skull and broken vertebrae; Peter Taylor was also severely injured when he crashed the new Arnott. Levegh came in after a close brush with a Gordini, commenting \"We have to get some sort of signal system working. Our cars go too fast\". Neubauer tried, unsuccessfully, to persuade the ACO to allow him to erect a small signalling tower at the top of pit-line for his team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 615]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072527-0016-0000", "contents": "1955 24 Hours of Le Mans, Practice\nAs a comparison, some of the lap-times recorded during practice were:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072527-0017-0000", "contents": "1955 24 Hours of Le Mans, Practice\nOver the flying kilometre on the Mulsanne straight, the following top speeds in practice and the race were recorded:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072527-0018-0000", "contents": "1955 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start\nThis year the honorary starter was Conte Aymo Maggi, the President and organiser of the Mille Miglia. Giovanni Moretti's two cars arrived on the start grid a few minutes after the 2pm deadline and were excluded from starting. It was Castellotti, by dint of being near the front of the grid formation, who was first under the Dunlop Bridge and leading the first lap, followed by Hawthorn in the Jaguar. Fangio's start was delayed when his trouser leg snagged on the gear shift lever, but he worked his way up the field to join Hawthorn and Castellotti.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072527-0018-0001", "contents": "1955 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start\nThe crowd's expectations of a showdown between the three top marques were soon fulfilled as, by lap 4, the three manufacturers\u2019 works cars filled the top 8 places \u2013 excepting Trintignant's Ferrari in the pits with an early issue. One of the first casualties was on lap 5 as the leaders started lapping the backmarkers \u2013 the tiny Nardi was literally blown off the road into a ditch by the slipstream of the bigger cars. The pace was furious but Castellotti managed to keep Hawthorn and Fangio at bay for the first hour. Behind them was Maglioli's Ferrari, the American Jaguar, the other pair of works Mercedes-Benz's and Jaguars and in 10th Mieres in the Maserati.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 701]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072527-0019-0000", "contents": "1955 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start\nFinally, after 70 minutes, it was Castellotti's mistake braking for the Mulsanne corner that let the Jaguar and Mercedes through. Those two then set about pushing harder still, dropping the Ferrari and successively beating the lap record \u2013 broken ten times in the first two hours and finally claimed by Hawthorn on lap 28 \u2013 setting it over 7 seconds faster than the Ferrari's practice lap.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072527-0020-0000", "contents": "1955 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start\nAt 6.20pm, at the end of lap 35 when the first pit-stops were due, the 1955 Le Mans disaster occurred. Having got the order from his Jaguar crew to pit, Hawthorn braked sharply in front of Lance Macklin's Austin-Healey. Macklin then braked hard, getting off the right-hand edge of the track and throwing up dust. Macklin's car then veered back to the centre of the track, into the path of Levegh's Mercedes-Benz, which was running 6th having just gone a lap down. Travelling at 150\u00a0mph, Levegh's right-front wheel rode up onto the left rear corner of Macklin's, launching the car into the air and rolling end over end for 80 metres over spectators.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 686]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072527-0021-0000", "contents": "1955 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start\nThe car slammed into a four-foot earthen embankment \u2013 the only barrier between the spectators and the track - and disintegrated. The momentum of the heaviest components of the car \u2013 the engine, radiator and front suspension - carried them into the crowd for almost 100 metres. Those who had climbed onto ladders and scaffolding to get a better view of the track found themselves in the direct path of the lethal debris. The remainder of the car, on the earth bank, exploded into flames, burning with extra heat from its magnesium-alloy body. Levegh was killed instantly in the impact.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 622]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072527-0022-0000", "contents": "1955 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start\nRace officials kept the race running, reasoning that if the huge crowd tried to leave en masse it would clog the roads, severely restricting access for medical and emergency crews trying to save the injured. Hawthorn, after being initially waved through his stop because of the confusion and potential danger, stopped along with the other lead cars for their scheduled pit stops and driver changes. Then thirteen minutes later, the MG of Dick Jacobs lost control exiting Maison Blanche, rolled and landed upside-down, burning. Jacobs survived the accident, but was severely injured and never raced again.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 642]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072527-0022-0001", "contents": "1955 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start\nPhil Hill, now driving Maglioli's Ferrari noted \"At this point I was numbed by it all, shocked that all this could be happening at once and on my first-ever Ferrari racing lap of Le Mans. But then Stirling Moss went by me like a streak in his Mercedes 300 SLR, and that woke me up. That was a lesson I never forgot, which was that when something happens, get on the gas.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072527-0023-0000", "contents": "1955 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start\nHis teammates, Castellotti and Marzotto, were the first of the leaders to falter: a slipping clutch eventually led to engine failure just before 8pm. Maglioli and Hill took up their third place until they too were stopped about 11pm when a rock pierced their radiator.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072527-0024-0000", "contents": "1955 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Night\nWith the driver changes from Hawthorn to Bueb and Fangio to Moss, the Jaguar team's talent was outmatched and the Mercedes team was able to extend its lead. At midnight, the Mercedes of Fangio/Moss was leading Hawthorn/Bueb by two laps, themselves two laps ahead of the Kling/Simon Mercedes and the other two works Jaguars all scrapping between themselves. Further back were Musso's Maserati, Collins\u2019 Aston Martin, the Belgian Jaguar and the remaining big Ferrari fighting its way up from the back of the field.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 550]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072527-0024-0001", "contents": "1955 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Night\nThe race remained competitive, however with Hawthorn behind the wheel, as the lead was whittled down to 1\u00bd laps by 2am. The other Mercedes still trailed the Hawthorn/Bueb car by two laps. Race spotters' reports on the Mercedes' braking points led the Jaguar team to believe that their brakes were weakening.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072527-0025-0000", "contents": "1955 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Night\nAfter the catastrophic accident, John Fitch, picking up on the early media reports, had urged the Mercedes team to withdraw from the race \u2013 he could see that win or lose, it would be a PR disaster for the company. Mercedes team manager Alfred Neubauer had already reached the same conclusion but did not have the authority to make such a decision. After an emergency meeting of the company directors in Stuttgart, Neubauer finally got the call approving the team's withdrawal just before midnight.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 535]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072527-0025-0001", "contents": "1955 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Night\nWaiting until 1.45am, when many spectators had left, he stepped onto the track and quietly called his cars into the pits, at the time running 1st and 3rd. The public address made a brief announcement regarding their retirement. Chief engineer Rudolf Uhlenhaut went to the Jaguar pits to ask if the Jaguar team would respond in kind, out of respect for the accident's victims. Jaguar team manager Lofty England declined.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072527-0026-0000", "contents": "1955 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Night\nMeanwhile, Don Beauman had planted his works Jaguar in the sandtrap at Arnage. Having taken over an hour to dig it out, he had just got it free after 10 pm when Colin Chapman came off at Arnage and smacked the Jaguar. Chapman quickly reversed and got going again only to be disqualified because he had restarted without the marshal's permission", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072527-0027-0000", "contents": "1955 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Night\nThe Aston Martins had been running to a strict lap-time set by team manager John Wyer, but keeping just in the top-10. Either side of midnight two of them were sidelined by mechanical issues. They followed their sister-Lagonda that had run out of fuel from a loose-fitting filler-cap.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072527-0028-0000", "contents": "1955 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Night\nSoon after the Mercedes-Benz team withdrawal, the last Ferrari (that of Trintignant / Schell) retired with engine trouble, having fought back up to 10th position. With no further challenge from Mercedes-Benz or Ferrari, Jaguar were holding a comfortable 1\u20132, although Rolt and Hamilton were having problems with their gearbox.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072527-0029-0000", "contents": "1955 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Night\nIn the 2-litre category, the Maserati and Gordini had been battling each other, well ahead of the British cars and just outside the top-10. The Gordini was delayed by a defective battery, but the Maserati then retired just after midnight with ignition failure. Even at this stage though, the two works 1500cc Porsches were ahead of these bigger cars. Further back, third in class, was the Belgian-entered Porsche (giving a first Le Mans drive to future endurance great Olivier Gendebien)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072527-0030-0000", "contents": "1955 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Morning\nDawn broke under a heavy, overcast sky and by 6am it had started to rain. Soon after, the class-leading Gordini pitted with a holed-radiator just two laps before its replenishment window. Trying to inch its way round the circuit it over-heated and had to retire. The S-2000 class fell into the lap of the Bristols. Around 8am, the second Jaguar's gearbox finally seized and they were out. With gloomy weather and little enthusiasm now for the race, the running order saw few changes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072527-0030-0001", "contents": "1955 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Morning\nSecond place remained in contention until late morning as the Valenzano/Musso Maserati, five laps down from the leader, was pushing hard and being chased by the Collins/Fr\u00e8re Aston Martin until the Maserati retired with a seized transmission. About the same time the Cunningham also retired: never in the running, lapping in 13th behind the smaller Porsches and Bristols, it had lost its lower gears the night before.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072527-0031-0000", "contents": "1955 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Morning\nA special mass was held in the morning in the Le Mans Cathedral for the first funerals of the accident victims.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072527-0032-0000", "contents": "1955 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish\nThe race finished in drizzle. Bueb, in his first event for the Coventry marque, handed over the leading Jaguar to Hawthorn for the final 15 minutes, and they coasted to a comfortable victory, completing a record-breaking 306 laps and finishing five laps ahead of the Aston Martin (achieving their best result to date, and only finish since 1951). The podium was completed by the Belgian pair of Johnny Claes and Jacques Swaters, in their yellow Ecurie Francorchamps Jaguar D-Type. Although 11 laps (nearly 150\u00a0km) behind the winners, they were again a model of reliability.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 612]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072527-0033-0000", "contents": "1955 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish\nPorsche had its best finish yet with the trio of 1.5 litre Porsche 550 Spyders finishing fourth, fifth and sixth with Helmut Polensky and Richard von Frankenberg winning the S-1500 class, the Index of Performance, as well as the Biennial Cup. The Belgian Porsche had moved up the order late in the race to split the two works cars. Additionally the privateer Porsche comprehensively won the S-1100 class finishing nearly 40 laps ahead of the unclassified Cooper. The three-car Bristol team finished seventh, eighth and ninth, in formation for a consecutive year at the top of two-litre class.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 631]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072527-0033-0001", "contents": "1955 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish\nManaging director Sir George White donated the team's winnings to a charity for the disaster's victims. After their debacle of the previous year's race, the only Italian car to finish this year was the 1.5L OSCA. Two of the DB-Panhards were the only French cars to finish in the normally reliable small-car classes. For the first time none of the Cunningham team cars finished.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072527-0034-0000", "contents": "1955 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish\nDespite the disaster and poor weather, there were a number of new records set: Both first and second beat the old distance record \u2013 and five new class records were set. In fact, the two leading 1.5L Porsches both went further than the overall distance covered by the 1952-winning Mercedes-Benz. The opening hours had also seen the lap record broken by a significant margin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072527-0035-0000", "contents": "1955 24 Hours of Le Mans, Post-race and aftermath\nThe catastrophic crash, which came to be known as the 1955 Le Mans disaster, remains the deadliest accident in the history of motorsport. The actual death toll is uncertain, put at from 80 to 84, including Levegh, with many more than that number severely injured. Spurring mentions that the official report cites \"Levegh\" and 80 spectators were killed and 178 were injured.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 49], "content_span": [50, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072527-0036-0000", "contents": "1955 24 Hours of Le Mans, Post-race and aftermath\nThe next round of the World Sports Car Championship at the N\u00fcrburgring was cancelled, as was the Carrera Panamericana. The accident caused widespread shock and immediate bans on auto racing in many countries. A number of racing teams including Mercedes-Benz, MG and Bristol had disbanded and withdrawn from racing by the end of the season. The scale of the accident caused some drivers present, including Phil Walters (who had been offered a drive with Ferrari for the rest of the season), Sherwood Johnston, and John Fitch (after completing the season with Mercedes-Benz), to retire from racing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 49], "content_span": [50, 646]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072527-0036-0001", "contents": "1955 24 Hours of Le Mans, Post-race and aftermath\nFitch was coaxed out of retirement by his friend Briggs Cunningham to help the Chevrolet Corvette effort at Le Mans in 1960 and later worked to develop traffic safety devices including the sand-filled \"Fitch barrels\". Less than three months later, Lance Macklin decided to retire after being involved in a twin fatality accident during the 1955 RAC Tourist Trophy race at Dundrod Circuit. Juan-Manuel Fangio never raced at Le Mans again.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 49], "content_span": [50, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072527-0037-0000", "contents": "1955 24 Hours of Le Mans, Post-race and aftermath\nAlthough Hawthorn was relieved to have gotten his first Le Mans victory, he was devastated by the tragedy. A press photo showed him smiling on the podium swigging from the victor's bottle of champagne, and the French press ran it with the sarcastic headline \"Here's to You, Mr Hawthorn\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 49], "content_span": [50, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072527-0038-0000", "contents": "1955 24 Hours of Le Mans, Post-race and aftermath\nThe official enquiry concluded that no one driver was to blame and that it was instead a tragic combination of circumstances that had caused the accident, including serious deficiencies in the track design and safety.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 49], "content_span": [50, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072527-0039-0000", "contents": "1955 24 Hours of Le Mans, Post-race and aftermath\nA few days after the race, a full ban on motor racing events was put into effect by the French government, pending the creation of new rules to ensure the safety of the sport. This complete ban was lifted on September 14, 1955. At this time, the Ministry of the Interior released new regulations for racing events, and codified the approval process that future racing events would need to follow.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 49], "content_span": [50, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072527-0039-0001", "contents": "1955 24 Hours of Le Mans, Post-race and aftermath\nOn the same day, the ACO announced their intent to hold the Le Mans race in 1956, and to make modifications to the Circuit de la Sarthe as necessary to adhere to the Ministry's new regulations. Before the 1956 event, the grandstands and pits were demolished, as well as straightening and widening the track at and approaching the pits, and realigning Dunlop Curve. They increased the separation between the road and the spectators including a wide ditch, and revised other hazardous stretches of the track. Track safety technology and practices evolved slowly until Formula 1 driver Jackie Stewart organized a concerted campaign to advocate for better safety measures 10 years later. Stewart's campaign gained momentum after the deaths of Lorenzo Bandini and Jim Clark.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 49], "content_span": [50, 819]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072527-0040-0000", "contents": "1955 24 Hours of Le Mans, Official results\nResults taken from Quentin Spurring's book, officially licensed by the ACO. Class Winners are in bold text.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 42], "content_span": [43, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072527-0041-0000", "contents": "1955 24 Hours of Le Mans, Statistics\nTaken from Quentin Spurring's book, officially licensed by the ACO", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 36], "content_span": [37, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072527-0042-0000", "contents": "1955 24 Hours of Le Mans, World Championship standings after the race\nChampionship points were awarded for the first six places in each race in the order of 8-6-4-3-2-1. Manufacturers were only awarded points for their highest finishing car, with no points awarded for positions filled by additional cars.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 69], "content_span": [70, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072528-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 A Group\nStatistics of Bulgarian A Football Group in the 1955 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 73]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072528-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 A Group, Overview\nIt was contested by 14 teams, and CSKA Sofia won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 22], "content_span": [23, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072529-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 AAA Championship Car season\nThe 1955 AAA Championship Car season consisted of 11 races, beginning in Speedway, Indiana on May 30 and concluding in Phoenix, Arizona on November 6. There was also one non-championship event in Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania. The AAA National Champion and Indianapolis 500 winner was Bob Sweikert. Manny Ayulo was killed at Indianapolis while practicing for the 1955 Indianapolis 500, and Bill Vukovich, the two-time defending winner, was killed in the race itself. Jack McGrath, the two-time champion (1952, 1953), was killed in the final race at Phoenix on lap 85. This was the last year of the AAA National Championship; USAC sanctioned the series starting the next year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 706]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072529-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 AAA Championship Car season, Final points standings\nNote: The points became the car, when not only one driver led the car, the relieved driver became small part of the points. Points for driver method: (the points for the finish place) / (number the lap when completed the car) * (number the lap when completed the driver)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 56], "content_span": [57, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072530-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 ACC Men's Basketball Tournament\nThe 1955 Atlantic Coast Conference Men's Basketball Tournament was held in Raleigh, North Carolina, at Reynolds Coliseum from March 3\u20135, 1955. NC State defeated Duke, 87\u201377, to win the championship. Ronnie Shavlik of NC State was named tournament MVP.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072532-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Aden Legislative Council election\nElections to the Legislative Council were held for the first time in the Colony of Aden in 1955. However, only four of the Council's 18 seats were elected. Restrictions on suffrage were imposed linked to age, gender, property ownership and residency. With only around 5,000 people voting, the restrictions ensured that only loyalists to the government were elected. Following the elections there were protests over the suffrage limitations and calling for independence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072532-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Aden Legislative Council election, Background\nThe changes to the Colony's constitution were announced on 20 July 1955. Membership of the Council was increased from 16 to 18, with one official and one unofficial member added. The number of nominees was reduced from eight to five, one of whom would be chosen by the Governor to represent the business sector.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 50], "content_span": [51, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072532-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Aden Legislative Council election, Background\nOf the elected members, one was to be elected by members of Aden Municipal Council and three from single-member constituencies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 50], "content_span": [51, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072533-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Air Force Falcons football team\nThe 1955 Air Force Falcons football team represented the United States Air Force Academy in the 1955 college football season. The Falcons did not have an official stadium during the season, and remained without one until the 1962 season when Falcon Stadium opened. They were led by first-year head coach Robert V. Whitlow and played the first season for the Air Force falcons football program. The Falcons were independent, and played only freshmen teams of other schools. Air Force finished with a record of 4\u20134.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 550]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072533-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Air Force Falcons football team, Schedule\nThe Falcons played Denver, Colorado State, Colorado, Kansas, Utah, Wyoming, New Mexico and Oklahoma's freshmen teams and finished with a record of 4\u20134 as an independent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 46], "content_span": [47, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072534-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Akron Zips football team\nThe 1955 Akron Zips football team was an American football team that represented the University of Akron in the Ohio Athletic Conference (OAC) during the 1955 college football season. In its second season under head coach Joe McMullen, the team compiled a 6\u20132 record (6-2 against OAC opponents) and outscored opponents by a total of 245 to 73. Mario Russo was the team captain. The team played its home games at the Rubber Bowl in Akron, Ohio.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 473]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072535-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Alabama Crimson Tide football team\nThe 1955 Alabama Crimson Tide football team (variously \"Alabama\", \"UA\" or \"Bama\") represented the University of Alabama in the 1955 college football season. It was the Crimson Tide's 61st overall and 22nd season as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The team was led by head coach Jennings B. Whitworth, in his first year, and played their home games at Denny Stadium in Tuscaloosa, Legion Field in Birmingham and at Ladd Stadium in Mobile, Alabama. They finished winless with a record of zero wins and ten losses (0\u201310 overall, 0\u20137 in the SEC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 597]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072535-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Alabama Crimson Tide football team\nOn December 2, 1954, Harold Drew resigned as head coach of the Crimson Tide, and Jennings B. Whitworth was introduced as his successor. Whitworth brought a new system that was more oriented towards the running game. As a result, senior quarterback Bart Starr and the other Tide seniors saw little playing time. Whitworth, for his part, was only allowed to hire two assistants and required to retain the rest of Coach Drew's staff.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072535-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Alabama Crimson Tide football team\nAlabama football hit rock bottom in 1955, going 0\u201310, the worst season in school history. It was only the third winless season in the history of the Crimson Tide, the others being the 0\u20134 teams in 1893 and 1895 when the program was just starting. For the season, Alabama only averaged 4.8 points per game and the opposition averaged 25.6. The Tide was shut out four times, the opposition never scored fewer than 20 points, and the smallest margin of defeat was 15 points in a 21\u20136 loss to Vanderbilt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072535-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Rice\nTo open the 1955 season, the Crimson Tide traveled to Houston and were shutout 20\u20130 by the Rice Owls of the Southwest Conference. After being held scoreless for the first three quarters, the Owls scored all three of their touchdowns in the fourth quarter. King Hill scored first on a one-yard run, a 45-yard Page Rogers run and on a two-yard Hill run. The loss brought Alabama's all-time record against Rice to 0\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 61], "content_span": [62, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072535-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Vanderbilt\nAt Dudley Field, the Crimson Tide were defeated by the Vanderbilt Commodores 21\u20136 to open conference play. The loss brought Alabama's all-time record against Vanderbilt to 18\u201315\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 67], "content_span": [68, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072535-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, TCU\nIn their home opener for the 1955 season, the Crimson Tide were shutout by the Texas Christian University (TCU) Horned Frogs 21\u20130 at Denny Stadium in what was the first all-time meeting between the schools. After a scoreless first half, Jim Swink scored all three of the Frogs' touchdowns in the second half. The scores came on runs of 65 and three-yards in the third and on a 10-yard run in the fourth quarter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 60], "content_span": [61, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072535-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Tennessee\nIn their annual rivalry game against Tennessee, Alabama was shut out for the third time in four weeks, and lost to the Volunteers, 20\u20130, at Legion Field. After a scoreless first quarter, the Vols took a 7\u20130 halftime lead after Johnny Majors threw a nine-yard touchdown pass to Roger Urbano on a fourth-down play early in the second quarter. A pair of touchdown runs in the fourth quarter, by Majors from two yards out and by Lon Herzbrun from one yard out, made the final score 20\u20130 in favor of the visitors. The loss brought Alabama's all-time record against Tennessee to 18\u201314\u20135.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 66], "content_span": [67, 648]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072535-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Mississippi State\nOn homecoming in Tuscaloosa, the Crimson Tide were defeated for the second consecutive year by the Mississippi State Maroons 26\u20137 at Denny Stadium. The first State touchdown was set up after the Maroons recovered a fumble at their 37-yard line. Bill Stanton scored on a one-yard run five plays later to give State a 6\u20130 lead. In the second quarter, William Morgan scored on a nine-yard run for the Maroons, but Alabama answered with a one-yard Clay Walls touchdown run to make the halftime score 13\u20137. State then pulled away in the second half to win 26\u20137 after 14-yard Morgan  run in the third and on a 27-yard Stanton pass to Morgan in the fourth. The loss brought Alabama's all-time record against Mississippi State to 28\u20139\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 74], "content_span": [75, 804]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072535-0008-0000", "contents": "1955 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Georgia\nAt Athens, the Crimson Tide lost to the Georgia Bulldogs 35\u201314 on homecoming at Sanford Stadium. The Bulldogs took a 14\u20130 halftime lead after James Harper threw a 25-yard touchdown pass to Laneair Roberts in the first and on a one-yard Robert Garrard run in the second quarter. The Tide then scored the first touchdown of the second half on a six-yard Donald Kinderknecht run to cut the Georgia lead to 14\u20137. However, the Bulldogs responded with a three-yard Henry Dukes run to make the score 21\u20137 at the start of the fourth. In the final quarter, Conrad Manisera scored on a four-yard run and on a one-yard John Bell run for Georgia and on a one-yard Bart Starr run for Alabama. The loss brought Alabama's all-time record against Georgia to 21\u201316\u20134.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 64], "content_span": [65, 815]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072535-0009-0000", "contents": "1955 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Tulane\nPlaying their annual home game at Ladd Stadium, the Crimson Tide lost 27\u20137 to the Tulane Green Wave in Mobile. The game was tied 7\u20137 at halftime after Tulane scored on a 12-yard Al Cottrell run in the first and Alabama scored on a short Billy Lumpkin run in the second quarter. After a one-yard Ronald Quillian run in the third to give Tulane a 14\u20137 lead, the Green Wave closed the game with a pair of fourth-quarter touchdowns o win 27\u20137. The fourth quarter scored were made by Quillian on a five-yard run and by Cottrell on a 17-yard interception return. The loss brought Alabama's all-time record against Tulane to 16\u20138\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 63], "content_span": [64, 689]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072535-0010-0000", "contents": "1955 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Georgia Tech\nAgainst Georgia Tech, Alabama lost their eleventh consecutive game in this 26\u20132 defeat by the Yellow Jackets at Legion Field. Tech took a 12\u20130 first quarter lead after they scored a pair of touchdowns in a 19-second span. The first came on a five-yard Richard Mattison run and the second on a 28-yard Kenny Thompson interception return. The Yellow Jackets' third score was set up early in the second quarter after Thomas Rose blocked an Alabama punt at the Tide's 12-yard line. Two plays later, Tech took a 19\u20130 lead after Paul Rotenberry scored on a five-yard run.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 69], "content_span": [70, 635]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072535-0010-0001", "contents": "1955 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Georgia Tech\nAfter a scoreless third, in the fourth quarter Tech scored their final touchdown on a 34-yard Ronald Vann pass to Marion Ellis and Alabama got their only points on a safety in the final minute to make the score 26\u20132. The loss brought Alabama's all-time record against Georgia Tech to 18\u201316\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 69], "content_span": [70, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072535-0011-0000", "contents": "1955 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Miami (FL)\nOn a Friday evening in Miami for the second consecutive year, Alabama was defeated by the Miami Hurricanes 34\u201312 at Burdine Stadium. The Hurricanes took a 14\u20130 first quarter lead on touchdowns scored by Don Bosseler on a four-yard run and by Whitey Rouviere on a 25-yard run. The Crimson Tide responded in the second quarter with a Donald Kinderknecht touchdown run to make the halftime score 14\u20136. Bosseler then gave Miami a 27\u20136 lead in the third quarter with his touchdown runs of two and 14-yards. In the fourth quarter, Bart Starr threw a seven-yard touchdown pass to Roy Forbus for Alabama and Ed Oliver scored on a four-yard touchdown run for Miami to make the final score 34\u201312. The loss brought Alabama's all-time record against Miami to 3\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 67], "content_span": [68, 819]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072535-0012-0000", "contents": "1955 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Auburn\nFor the second consecutive year, Alabama was shutout by the rival Auburn Tigers 26\u20130 at Legion Field and finished the season winless. After a scoreless first quarter, the Tigers took a 13\u20130 halftime lead with second quarter passes of 23 and 10-yards from Howell Tubbs to Jerry Elliott. Auburn then closed the game with a pair of fourth-quarter touchdowns on pair of short runs by Joe Childress and Tubbs to win 26\u20130. The loss brought Alabama's all-time record against Auburn to 9\u201310\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 63], "content_span": [64, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072536-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Albanian National Championship\nThe 1955 Albanian National Championship was the eighteenth season of the Albanian National Championship, the top professional league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 1930.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072536-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Albanian National Championship, Overview\nIt was contested by 16 teams, and Dinamo Tirana won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072537-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Alberta general election\nThe 1955 Alberta general election was held on June 29, 1955, to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072537-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Alberta general election\nDespite losing almost 10% of the popular vote (compared to its 1952 proportion of the vote) and 30% of its seats in the legislature, the Social Credit Party, led by Ernest C. Manning, received a slightly higher number of votes than in 1952 and won a comfortable majority for its sixth term in government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072537-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Alberta general election\nThe Liberal Party emerged as the principal opposition to the Social Credit juggernaut, winning over 30% of the popular vote, and increasing its legislative caucus from 4 members to 15. The Cooperative Commonwealth Federation won two seats. However its leader, MLA Elmer Roper, was defeated, ending his thirteen-year career in the legislature. Three Conservative Party candidates and various independents also won seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 449]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072537-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Alberta general election\nThis provincial election, like the previous seven, saw district-level proportional representation (Single transferable voting) used to elect the MLAs of Edmonton and Calgary. City-wide districts were used to elect multiple MLAs in the cities. All the other MLAs were elected in single-member districts through Instant-runoff voting. This was the last provincial election to use PR. After this the electoral system was changed to Plurality voting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072537-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Alberta general election\nThe rise in opposition MLAs was only partially created in the cities where single transferable voting was in use. Only one more opposition MLA was elected in the cities versus the number elected there in 1952. Calgary elected two Liberals in 1955 versus one in 1952. The addition of seven Liberal MLAs was produced by the rise in Liberal Party popularity. This was a sign of dis-satisfaction with the SC government which by that point in time had been in power 20 years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072537-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 Alberta general election\nA portion of the increased opposition caucus were four Liberal MLAs who were elected in rural districts through vote transfers conducted under instant-runoff voting despite the Social Credit candidate in each of the districts being the leader in the First Count. The election of these four caused the government to abandon the STV/AV system that had been in use since 1924. After the system's replacement by single-member Plurality voting and various other reforms put into effect by Premier Manning, the SC government would take many more seats in subsequent elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 600]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072537-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 Alberta general election, Snap vote\nThe 1955 election was brought on after Liberal leader James Harper Prowse questioned the confidence of the government in question period regarding members of the Social Credit caucus who had had dealings with the Alberta Treasury Branch. Manning was angered by the question and had the Lieutenant Governor dissolve the assembly despite having two more years left in his term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 40], "content_span": [41, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072537-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 Alberta general election, Expulsion\nOn the last day of the campaign Ernest Manning barred candidates Roy Lee and John Landeryou from running as official Social Credit candidates. However, due to the ballots having already been printed, the two men were still listed under the Social Credit name. Lee and Landeryou had violated the Legislative Assembly Act by renting a building to the provincial government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 40], "content_span": [41, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072537-0008-0000", "contents": "1955 Alberta general election, End of STV and AV\nFollowing this election, the Social Credit government did away with the Alternative Vote Instant-runoff voting system, that had been in place in the rural constituencies, and the PR  through Single Transferable Vote system in Edmonton and Calgary, both of which had been in place since 1924. The move was made to standardize and simplify voting results across the province. Under single transferable vote, results would take up to five days to count all the possible vote transfers, before anyone was declared elected. This was especially problematic, in Edmonton that elected seven members.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 48], "content_span": [49, 640]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072537-0009-0000", "contents": "1955 Alberta general election, End of STV and AV\nAs well, the government in 1955 had lost five local elections in rural constituencies due to the IRV, when its candidate had received the largest portion of the vote in the first round but was not elected to the seat after re-distribution of the ballots in the second round. The cancellation of the IRV system was meant to prevent this in the future.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 48], "content_span": [49, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072537-0010-0000", "contents": "1955 Alberta general election, End of STV and AV\nThere were five constituencies where the SC had the largest number of first-choice votes but were not elected in the second round ballot count. One historian has stated that there were 20 constituencies like this in which the SC at the end won only five but that number is too high. There were 16 constituencies in which, in the first round, no candidate took the majority of the votes. In these constituencies, second round balloting (through re-distribution of some of the voters' second preferences) was held.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 48], "content_span": [49, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072537-0010-0001", "contents": "1955 Alberta general election, End of STV and AV\nMostly the candidate leading in the first round won the seat in the second round, but there were five constituencies (Acadia-Coronation, Athabasca, Grouard, Lac Ste. Anne and Vermilion) in which the leading candidate in the first round did not win the second round (thus the seat), and the victim in all five cases was the SC candidate, indicating to the government that the supporters of the opposition parties were beginning to support each other in a joint effort to defeat the government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 48], "content_span": [49, 541]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072537-0011-0000", "contents": "1955 Alberta general election, End of STV and AV\nThis was easily the most opposition that Manning faced during his 25 years as premier. As well, it was the most opposition Social Credit would face during its 36 years in power.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 48], "content_span": [49, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072537-0012-0000", "contents": "1955 Alberta general election, Results\n* Party did not nominate candidates in the previous election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072538-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Alexandria earthquake\nThe 1955 Alexandria earthquake occurred on September 12 at 06:09 UTC. The epicenter was located in the eastern Mediterranean, offshore of Alexandria, Egypt. The earthquake had a magnitude of Ms 6.3.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072538-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Alexandria earthquake\nDamage was reported in the Nile Delta between Alexandria and Cairo. About 300 adobe houses were badly damaged around Lake Idku. The earthquake caused 18 deaths and 89 injuries, with 40 houses completely collapsed and about 420 houses ruined. The earthquake could also be felt in Cyprus, Palestine, Syria, and Greece.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072539-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 All England Badminton Championships\nThe 1955 All England Championships was a badminton tournament held at the Empress Hall, Earls Court, London, England, from 23\u201326 March 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072540-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 All-Atlantic Coast Conference football team\nThe 1955 All-Atlantic Coast Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various selectors for their All-Atlantic Coast Conference (\"ACC\") teams for the 1955 NCAA University Division football season. Selectors in 1955 included the Associated Press (AP) and United Press (UP). Players selected for the first team by both the AP and UP are designated below in bold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072541-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 All-Big Seven Conference football team\nThe 1955 All-Big Seven Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Big Seven Conference teams for the 1955 college football season. The selectors for the 1955 season included the Associated Press (AP) and the United Press (UP). Players selected as first-team players by both the AP and UP are designated in bold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072542-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 All-Big Ten Conference football team\nThe 1955 All-Big Ten Conference football team consists of American football players selected to the All-Big Ten Conference teams selected by the Associated Press (AP), United Press (UP) and the International News Service (INS) for the 1955 Big Ten Conference football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072543-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship\nThe 1955 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship was the 24th staging of the All-Ireland Minor Football Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county Gaelic football tournament for boys under the age of 18.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072543-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship\nOn 25 September 1955, Dublin won the championship following a 4-4 to 2-7 defeat of Tipperary in the All-Ireland final. This was their fourth All-Ireland title overall and their second in succession.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072544-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship\nThe 1955 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship was the 25th staging of the All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1928.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072544-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship\nDublin entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten in the Leinster semi-final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072544-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship\nOn 4 September 1955 Tipperary won the championship following a 5-15 to 2-5 defeat of Galway in the All-Ireland final. This was their ninth All-Ireland title and their first in two championship seasons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072545-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship\nThe 1955 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship was the high point of the 1955 season in Camogie. The championship was won by Dublin who defeated Cork by an eight-point margin in the final. The match was played at Croke Park and attracted an attendance of 4,192.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072545-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, Championship\nMayo beat Galway by a remarkable 6-1 to nil in the Connacht final. They were beaten heavily by Dublin for whom Una O'Connor scored five goals and Sophie Brack three in the semi-final. A great display by Sheila Cahill in the Cork goal helped her county through the other semi-final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 58], "content_span": [59, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072545-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, Final\nThe final was scheduled for August 21 alongside the All Ireland football semi-final but the pitch was so badly cut up by the Dublin v Mayo football semi-final and a thunderstorm caused its cancellation for a week. It meant Cork were able to call on star goalkeeper Sheila Cahill who was not available for the original fixture. The match took place at 7pc, and trains to Cork were delayed to enable supporters to return home, enabling an attendance of 4,192 (it was estimated just 200 had remained for the thunder storm the previous week).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 590]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072545-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, The Final\nCork took an early lead with a goal until Dublin fought back with three goals and a point in a three-minute spell. Dublin successfully defended their lead in a tense second half. Agnes Hourigan wrote in the Irish Press:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 55], "content_span": [56, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072545-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, The Final\nFor speed, style, long striking and grand stickwork, this final must surely have been the greatest ever played. Through the opening twenty minutes Cork seemed set to win. Inspired by their captain Anna Crotty, who was everywhere, they were beating Dublin all round and deserved their two goals lead. Then a point from a free by Annette Corrigan gave Dublin heart and they got a grip on the game which, though often disputed, they never lost.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 55], "content_span": [56, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072545-0004-0001", "contents": "1955 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, The Final\nStar of the Dublin revival was veteran Kathleen Mills, who in her 12th final (she won her tenth All Ireland medal last night) suddenly found her touch. An inspired spell ten minutes from the end of the first half, which brought them from six points behind to four points in front, set Dublin on the high road to victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 55], "content_span": [56, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072545-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, Aftermath\nAs a result of her performance, Sophie Brack became the first camogie player to be awarded the Irish Independent sports star of the week on the Friday after the final. Angela Lane\u2019s brother Mick Lane of Dolphin, her brother in law Tom Kiernan and her son, Michael Kiernan were Irish rugby internationals. Eileen Duffy\u2019s brother Billy played first team soccer for Arsenal. Cork goalkeeper, Sheila Cahill, married Donie O'Donovan who won Railway Cup medals with Munster and coached Cork to win the 1973 All-Ireland senior football title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 55], "content_span": [56, 591]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072545-0005-0001", "contents": "1955 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, Aftermath\nJoan Clancy married West Ham soccer player, Jackie Morley and their son Pat Morley played soccer for Cork City, Shelbourne, Limerick and Waterford United. Sophie Brack captained Dublin to win six All-Ireland championships. Eileen Cronin married Paddy Hogan, who hurled for Laois in the 1949 All-Ireland final. Eileen Bourke was a sister of GAA historian, Marcus De Burca.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 55], "content_span": [56, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072546-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship Final\nThe 1955 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship Final was the 23rd All-Ireland Final and the deciding match of the 1955 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, an inter-county camogie tournament for the top teams in Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072546-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship Final\nThis final is regarded as one of the greatest in camogie history. Cork took an early lead, but trailed 3-2 to 1-4 at half-time. Dublin powered through to win by eight points. Top scorers for Dublin were Sophie Brack and Frances Maher(three goals each), while Noreen Duggan scored 3-2 for Cork.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072547-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship\nThe 1955 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship was the 69th staging of Ireland's premier Gaelic football knock-out competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072547-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship\nNote Quarter Finals were back in the Munster championship but Clare only skipped 1 year. Limerick, not part of the championship between 1953 and 1964, were approved to host Waterford in the Quarter Final but did not play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072547-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, Results, Munster Senior Football Championship\nClare back in the Munster championship after 1 year break football again but even Limerick didn't take part between 1953 & 1964 there were approved to host Waterford in the Quarter Final but didn't take part.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 92], "content_span": [93, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072548-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final\nThe 1955 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final was the 68th All-Ireland Final and the deciding match of the 1955 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, an inter-county Gaelic football tournament for the top teams in Ireland. A then record crowd attended. The game went down in history as \"famous\" and a \"classic\". The team's relationship with the Hill 16 terrace has been traced to this day. It also marked the arrival of an indigenous Dublin team onto the national stage; previous Dublin teams had hired countrymen to fill their ranks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 600]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072548-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final, Route to the final\nDublin had drawn much attention to themselves by dismantling the reigning All-Ireland champions Meath in the final of that year's Leinster Senior Football Championship. It was a twenty-point win, with  Kevin Heffernan contributing a five-goal tally. Dublin required a replay to beat Mayo in the All-Ireland semi-final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 71], "content_span": [72, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072548-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final, Pre-match\nUntil the Wednesday before the final Kerry's seven-day-a-week training regime, led by Dr Eamonn O'Sullivan, began with a brisk walk before celebration of Mass each morning; there followed light breakfast, a training session out on the pitch, lunch, an afternoon training session. This was considered revolutionary at the time, particularly as the GAA, fearing the advent of professionalism within its ranks, had implemented an unsuccessful ban on collective training of inter-county teams just the year before, only for it to be overturned within a year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 62], "content_span": [63, 617]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072548-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final, Pre-match\nBritish Rail were forced to schedule extra trains to Holyhead such was the clamour to see a Dublin team playing an exciting new brand of football. Queues formed in London's Euston railway station.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 62], "content_span": [63, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072548-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final, Pre-match\nMuch of the curiosity on the part of would-be spectators was an effort to see a purely Dublin-born team, based mainly around the St Vincent's club of the 1940s and into the 1950s. This differed from the established routine of Dublin bringing countrymen in to play for their county team. Heffernan and Ollie Freaney adopted \"scientific\" ideas that went against the usual catch and kick mantra of the sport. Cyril Freaney, who also played in the final (as corner-forward), later recalled the level of opposition to this approach: \"You had people shouting 'soccer, soccer', we were 'soccerites'\". Indeed, Heffernan was a known admirer of Don Revie \u2014 an Englishman who played soccer only \u2014 so his reputation as a traitor to his sport was somewhat justified.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 62], "content_span": [63, 816]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072548-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final, Pre-match\nWhile Dublin were considered favourite to win, many media reports tipped eventual victors Kerry. Among those publications to tip Kerry in their previews were the Sunday Independent, Cork Examiner and local news sheet The Kerryman. The Irish Independent and The Irish Press also suggested the likelihood of Kerry win was strong. John D. Hickey, in the Irish Independent, referenced Kerry's \"rather peculiar state of thing\", their expectation of victory, \"they do believe and not without some reason that they are a law unto themselves when it comes to an All-Ireland final\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 62], "content_span": [63, 636]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072548-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final, Pre-match\nOn the night before the game, five members of the Dublin team went for a walk on the pier at Howth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 62], "content_span": [63, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072548-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final, Pre-match\nBy 11:00 am on the morning of the game, with four hours still remaining, no sideline seats were available. The gates of Croke Park closed to the public twenty minutes before the minor final got underway. However, the gates were broken down and the official attendance rendered obsolete as many more people poured into the stadium. On the morning of the game, the Dublin team gathered in Barry's Hotel to dine on scrambled leg.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 62], "content_span": [63, 489]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072548-0007-0001", "contents": "1955 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final, Pre-match\nYet the Dublin team were depleted: Norman Allen was ruled out of the game with appendicitis, Marcus Wilson had an injured legg, \"Jim\" McGuinness was also not fully fit and Heffernan had injured his ankle during a training session on the previous Tuesday. Heffernan heard of an Australian rugby doctor who happened to be in Clontarf and decided to experiment by asking him to inject him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 62], "content_span": [63, 449]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072548-0008-0000", "contents": "1955 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final, Match, Summary\nDublin lined out with blue socks for the first time; before this they had worn their club colours.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 67], "content_span": [68, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072548-0009-0000", "contents": "1955 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final, Match, Summary\nTadghie Lyne scored six points to give Kerry a commanding 0\u201312 to 0\u20136 lead. Ollie Freaney's goal five minutes from the brought Dublin within three points, but Kerry weathered the storm and won.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 67], "content_span": [68, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072548-0010-0000", "contents": "1955 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final, Match, Summary\nIt was the second of three All-Ireland football titles won by Kerry in the 1950s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 67], "content_span": [68, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072548-0011-0000", "contents": "1955 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final, Match, Summary\nKerry player Jim Brosnan, scorer of two crucial second-half points, was flown home from New York for the final; he was over there studying medicine. His studies were more advanced than Heffernan's, whose injection ultimately failed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 67], "content_span": [68, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072548-0012-0000", "contents": "1955 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final, Post-match\nThe Dublin team were permitted to keep the jerseys they had worn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 63], "content_span": [64, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072548-0013-0000", "contents": "1955 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final, Post-match\nThough the team lost this final, Heffernan was driven onwards to achieve greater things with Dublin as manager in the 1970s. After leading the team to win the 1976 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship against Kerry, he declared: \"I've waited 21 years for this\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 63], "content_span": [64, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072549-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1955 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship was the 69th staging of the All-Ireland hurling championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1887. The championship began on 24 April 1955 and ended on 4 September 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072549-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship\nCork were the defending champions, however, they were defeated in the provincial series. Wexford won the title following a 3-13 to 2-8 defeat of Galway in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072549-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Teams\nA total of fourteen teams contested the championship, the same as the previous championship, however, there were some changes on personnel. Antrim withdrew from the senior championship, while Wicklow fielded a team in the Leinster Senior Hurling Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072550-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final\nThe 1955 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final was the 68th All-Ireland Final and the culmination of the 1955 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, an inter-county hurling tournament for the top teams in Ireland. The match was held at Croke Park, Dublin, on 4 September 1955, between Wexford and Galway. The Connacht men lost to their Leinster opponents on a score line of 3-13 to 2-8.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072551-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 All-Pacific Coast football team\nThe 1955 All-Pacific Coast Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Pacific Coast teams for the 1955 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072551-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 All-Pacific Coast football team, Key\nAP = Associated Press, \"selected by a vote of more than a score of football writers from AP member newspapers up and down the West Coast\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 41], "content_span": [42, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072552-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 All-Pro Team\nThe Associated Press (AP), Newspaper Enterprise Association (NEA), New York Daily News (NYDN), The Sporting News (SN), and United Press (UP) were among selectors of All-Pro teams comprising players adjudged to be the best at each position in the National Football League (NFL) during the 1955 NFL season. The AP, NEA, NYDN, and UP selected a first and second team. The UP also named \"honorable mentions\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072553-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 All-SEC football team\nThe 1955 All-SEC football team consists of American football players selected to the All-Southeastern Conference (SEC) chosen by various selectors for the 1955 college football season. Ole Miss won the conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072553-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 All-SEC football team, Key\nBold = Consensus first-team selection by both AP and UP", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 31], "content_span": [32, 87]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072554-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 All-Southwest Conference football team\nThe 1955 All-Southwest Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Southwest Conference teams for the 1955 college football season. The selectors for the 1955 season included the Associated Press (AP) and the United Press (UP). Players selected as first-team players by both the AP and UP are designated in bold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072554-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 All-Southwest Conference football team, Key\nBold = Consensus first-team selection of both the AP and UP", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 48], "content_span": [49, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072555-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Allan Cup\nThe 1955 Allan Cup was the Canadian national senior ice hockey championship for the 1954-55 Senior \"A\" season. The event was hosted by the Kitchener-Waterloo Flying Dutchmen and Kitchener, Ontario. The 1955 playoff marked the 47th time that the Allan Cup has been awarded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072556-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Altensteig mid-air collision\nThe Altensteig mid-air collision occurred on 11 August 1955 when two United States Air Force Fairchild C-119G Flying Boxcars collided and crashed three miles from Altensteig in West Germany. The aircraft were part of a formation of nine C-119s flying a training mission from Stuttgart-Echterdingen airfield, West Germany with troops from the United States Seventh Army. With all 66 on board both aircraft killed, it was, at the time, the deadliest air crash in Germany.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072556-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Altensteig mid-air collision, Accident\nJust after 14:00 one of the aircraft on the right of a formation of three developed engine problems just after takeoff when it was around 4,000 feet, it lost height then climbed abruptly into the second aircraft colliding in mid-air. The first aircraft, serial number 53-7841, crashed and disintegrated with the loss of all 19 on board. The second aircraft 53-3222 continued for a while before it also crashed about 30 miles from Stuttgart in a wooded area and burst into flames, killing all 47 on board.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 548]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072556-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Altensteig mid-air collision, Accident\nHelicopters were sent to the scene, supported by fire engines and people from local villages to help with the search for survivors, none were found and the fireman were still fighting the blaze into the evening.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072556-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Altensteig mid-air collision, Aircraft\nThe two Fairchild C-119G Flying Boxcars were twin-engined military transport aircraft from the 60th Troop-Carrier Wing based at Rhein-Main airfield in West Germany.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072557-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Andhra State Legislative Assembly election\nElections to the Andhra State Legislative Assembly were held on 11 February 1955. 581 candidates contested for the 167 constituencies in the Assembly. There were 29 two-member constituencies and 138 single-member constituencies. The members of the first assembly (1955\u201362) were allowed a seven-year term. That is to say in 1957, elections were conducted in the newly added region of Telangana alone and then in 1962 general elections were held for the state as a whole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072557-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Andhra State Legislative Assembly election, State Formation and Reorganization\nOn 1 October 1953, a separate Andhra State, consisting of the Telugu-speaking areas of the composite Madras State, with 167 constituencies with 190 seats in the Assembly, was formed. On 1 November 1956, Andhra State was merged with Hyderabad State under States Reorganisation Act, 1956, to form a single state, Andhra Pradesh. The districts of Raichur, Gulbarga, and the Marathwada district were detached from the Hyderabad State while merging with Andhra State. Besides, the Siruguppa taluk, the Bellary taluk, the Hospet taluk, and a small area of the Mallapuram sub-taluk were transferred from Mysore State to Andhra Pradesh. The districts of Raichur and Gulbarga were transferred to the Mysore State, while the Marathwada district was transferred to the Bombay State. This resulted in re-organization of assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh giving way to 85 constituencies with 105 seats in the assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 83], "content_span": [84, 997]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072557-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Andhra State Legislative Assembly election, By-elections\nOn 16 July 1955 a by-election was held for the Burugupudi seat after the death of the sitting MLA and State Minister for Agriculture N. Venkata Rama Rao. N. Venkataratnam of the Indian National Congress was elected unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 61], "content_span": [62, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072557-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Andhra State Legislative Assembly election, By-elections\nIn July 1955 a by-election was held for the Sarvepalli seat after the resignation of the sitting MLA Bezawada Gopala Reddy (who had won two seats in the assembly election, and had to resign from one of them). The election was won by the Indian National Congress candidate V.K. Reddi, won obtained 22,835 votes (60%), whilst the independent S.A. Reddi got 15,218 votes (40%). Whilst the Congress Party won the election by a comfortable margin, its percentage of the popular vote had decreased by 7.8%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 61], "content_span": [62, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072558-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Argentine Grand Prix\nThe 1955 Argentine Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Buenos Aires on 16 January 1955. It was race 1 of 7 in the 1955 World Championship of Drivers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072558-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Argentine Grand Prix\nThe race was won from third on the grid by Juan Manuel Fangio for Mercedes. Ferrari drivers Nino Farina and Maurice Trintignant finished both second and third in two three-way shared drives with Jos\u00e9 Froil\u00e1n Gonz\u00e1lez and Umberto Maglioli respectively. The high temperatures of the Argentinian summer proved to be very taxing for both drivers and cars. Fangio and Roberto Mieres were the only two drivers able to complete the race without handing their car to another driver.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072558-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Argentine Grand Prix\nThe extreme heat led to a scoring nightmare of 16 driver substitutions. Only Juan Manuel Fangio and Roberto Mieres finished the race without a relief driver. Fangio suffered severe burns to his leg which, for the entire duration of the race, was rubbing against the chassis frame which was being heated by the exhaust. It took him 3 months to recover; his next race in Monaco was not until late May. It left a permanent scar on his leg later in life.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072559-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Argentine Primera Divisi\u00f3n\nThe 1955 Argentine Primera Divisi\u00f3n was the 64th season of top-flight football in Argentina. The season began on April 30 and ended on December 11.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072560-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Argus Trophy\nThe 1955 Argus Trophy was a motor race staged at the Albert Park Circuit in Victoria, Australia on 27 March 1955. The race, which was open to Formula Libre Racing Cars, was contested over 32 laps, a distance of 100 miles. It was organised by the Light Car Club of Australia and sponsored by The Argus, a Melbourne newspaper.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072561-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Arizona State Sun Devils football team\nThe 1955 Arizona State Sun Devils football team was an American football team that represented Arizona State College (later renamed Arizona State University) in the Border Conference during the 1955 college football season. In their first season under head coach Dan Devine, the Sun Devils compiled an 8\u20132\u20131 record (4\u20131 against Border opponents) and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 343 to 107.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072562-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Arizona State\u2013Flagstaff Lumberjacks football team\nThe 1955 Arizona State\u2013Flagstaff Lumberjacks football team was an American football team that represented Arizona State College at Flagstaff (now known as Northern Arizona University) in the New Mexico Conference during the 1955 college football season. In their second and final year under head coach Earl Insley, the Lumberjacks compiled a 0\u20139 record (0\u20134 against conference opponents), finished last in the conference, and were outscored opponents by a total of 220 to 72.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072562-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Arizona State\u2013Flagstaff Lumberjacks football team\nThe team played its home games at Skidmore Field in Flagstaff, Arizona.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072563-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Arizona Wildcats baseball team\nThe 1955 Arizona Wildcats baseball team represented the University of Arizona in the 1955 NCAA baseball season. The Wildcats played their home games at UA Field. The team was coached by Frank Sancet in his 6th year at Arizona.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072563-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Arizona Wildcats baseball team\nThe Wildcats won the District VI Playoff to advanced to the College World Series, where they were defeated by the Oklahoma A&M Cowboys.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072564-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Arizona Wildcats football team\nThe 1955 Arizona Wildcats football team represented the University of Arizona in the Border Conference during the 1955 college football season. In their fourth season under head coach Warren B. Woodson, the Wildcats compiled a 5\u20134\u20131 record (1\u20132\u20131 against Border opponents) and were outscored by their opponents, 184 to 169. The team captains were Paul Hatcher and Bill Codd. The team played its home games in Arizona Stadium in Tucson, Arizona.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072564-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Arizona Wildcats football team\nTailback Art Luppino rushed for 1,313 yards during the 1955 season and was the NCAA rushing leader for the second consecutive season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072565-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Arkansas Razorbacks football team\nThe 1955 Arkansas Razorbacks football team represented the University of Arkansas in the Southwest Conference (SWC) during the 1955 college football season. In their first year under head coach Jack Mitchell, the Razorbacks compiled a 5\u20134\u20131 record (3\u20132\u20131 against SWC opponents), finished in fourth place in the SWC, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 126 to 114.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072566-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Army Cadets football team\nThe 1955 Army Cadets football team represented the United States Military Academy in the 1955 college football season. In their 15th year under head coach Earl Blaik, the Cadets compiled a 6\u20133 record and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 256 to 72. In the annual Army\u2013Navy Game, the Cadets defeated the Midshipmen by a 14 to 6 score. The Cadets also lost to Michigan, Syracuse, and Yale.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072566-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Army Cadets football team\nNo Army players were honored on the 1955 College Football All-America Team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072567-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Asian Baseball Championship\nThe 1955 Asian Baseball Championship was the second continental tournament held by the Baseball Federation of Asia. The tournament was held in Manila, Philippines for the second time. Won by Japan, it was the first of what would be three consecutive Asian Championship wins in a row. Taiwan (2nd), South Korea (3rd) and Philippines (4th) were the other participants.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072568-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Atlantic hurricane season\nThe 1955 Atlantic hurricane season was, at the time, the costliest season ever recorded, just ahead of the previous year. The hurricane season officially began on June\u00a015, 1955, and ended on November\u00a015, 1955. It was an extremely active season in terms of accumulated cyclone energy (ACE), but slightly above average in terms of tropical storms, with 13\u00a0recorded tropical cyclones. The first storm, Alice, had persisted since December\u00a030, 1954. Alice caused relatively minor impact as it tracked through the Lesser Antilles and eastern Caribbean Sea in early January.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 598]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072568-0000-0001", "contents": "1955 Atlantic hurricane season\nTropical Storm Brenda caused two deaths and minor damage along the Gulf Coast of the United States in early August. The quick succession of Hurricanes Connie and Diane caused significant flooding in the Northeastern United States, with nearly $1\u00a0billion (1955\u00a0USD) in losses and at least 232\u00a0fatalities. The next three storms \u2013 Hurricanes Edith and Flora and Tropical Storm Five \u2013 caused very minor or no impact. In early September, Hurricane Gladys caused severe localized flooding in Mexico, primarily in Mexico City. Additionally, an offshoot of Gladys inflicted minor impact in Texas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 619]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072568-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Atlantic hurricane season\nHurricane Hilda struck the Greater Antilles and then Mexico. It was attributed to at least 304\u00a0deaths and $120\u00a0million in losses. In mid-September, Hurricane Ione struck eastern North Carolina and contributed the flooding from Connie and Diane, resulting in seven\u00a0fatalities and $88\u00a0million in damage. Later that month, Hurricane Janet, which peaked as a Category 5 hurricane, lashed several countries adjacent to the Caribbean Sea, as well as Mexico and British Honduras. Janet resulted in $53.8\u00a0million in damage and at least 716\u00a0deaths. An unnamed tropical storm in the month of October did not impact land.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 641]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072568-0001-0001", "contents": "1955 Atlantic hurricane season\nHurricane Katie, the final storm, caused minor damage in a sparsely populated area of Hispaniola, totaling to at least $200,000; 7\u00a0fatalities were also reported. Collectively, the storms caused 1,601\u00a0deaths and $1.11\u00a0billion in losses, making it the costliest season at the time. A record number of names \u2013 four \u2013 were retired following the season, which was later tied by the 1995, 2004, and 2017 seasons, trailing only the 2005 season, when five names were retired.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 498]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072568-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary\nOn April\u00a011, 1955, which was prior to the start of the season, Gordon Dunn was promoted to the chief meteorologist of the Miami Hurricane Warning Office. Dunn was replacing Grady Norton, who died from a stroke while forecasting Hurricane Hazel of the previous season. In early June, the Hurricane Hunters received new reconnaissance aircraft, which contained the latest radar and electronic equipment, at the time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072568-0002-0001", "contents": "1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary\nLater that month, shortly before the start of the 1955\u00a0season, a bill was proposed in the United States Senate to provide funding for 55\u00a0new radar stations along the East Coast of the United States. After the United States House of Representatives passed a bill allotting $5\u00a0million, the Senate disputed about possibly increasing the funding two-fold to $10\u00a0million. Eventually, the radars were installed, starting in July\u00a01955. After the devastating storms of the season, particularly Connie and Diane, a United States Government organization with the purpose of monitoring tropical cyclones was established in 1956 with $500,000 in funding; it later became the modern-day National Hurricane Center.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 747]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072568-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary\nThe Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June\u00a015, 1955. It was an above average season in which 13\u00a0tropical cyclones formed. In a typical season, about nine tropical storms develop, of which five strengthen to hurricane strength. All thirteen depressions attained tropical storm status, and eleven of these attained hurricane status. Six hurricanes further intensified into major hurricanes. The season was above average most likely because of a strong, ongoing La Ni\u00f1a. Hurricane Alice was named in January 1955 but was operationally analysed to have developed in late December 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 640]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072568-0003-0001", "contents": "1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary\nWithin the official hurricane season bounds, tropical cyclogenesis did not occur until July\u00a031, with the development of Tropical Storm Brenda. However, during the month of August, four tropical cyclones formed \u2013 including Connie, Diane, Edith, and an unnamed tropical storm. Five additional tropical cyclones \u2013 Flora, Gladys, Hilda, Ione, and Janet \u2013 all developed in September. Tropical cyclogenesis briefly halted until an unnamed tropical storm formed on October\u00a010. The final storm of the season, Katie, dissipated on October\u00a019, almost a month before the official end of hurricane season on November\u00a015. Eight hurricanes and two tropical storms made landfall during the season and caused 1,603\u00a0deaths and $1.1\u00a0billion in damage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 780]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072568-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary\nThe season's activity was reflected with an accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) rating of 158, which was well above the 1950-2000\u00a0average of 96.1. ACE is, broadly speaking, a measure of the power of the hurricane multiplied by the length of time it existed, so storms that last a long time, as well as particularly strong hurricanes, have high ACEs. It is only calculated for full advisories on tropical cyclones with winds exceeding 39\u00a0mph (63\u00a0km/h), which is tropical storm strength.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 529]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072568-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Brenda\nThe first tropical depression of the season formed in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico early on July\u00a031. Six hours later, the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Brenda. During the next 24\u00a0hours, the storm strengthened and attained its peak intensity of 70\u00a0mph (110\u00a0km/h) early on August\u00a01 before making landfall in New Orleans, Louisiana, at a slightly weaker intensity of 65\u00a0mph (100\u00a0km/h). The storm steadily weakened inland and at 0600\u00a0UTC on August\u00a02, it was downgraded to a tropical depression. About 24\u00a0hours later, Brenda dissipated while located over northeastern Texas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 649]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072568-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Brenda\nBetween Pensacola, Florida, and Lake Charles, Louisiana, rainfall totals were generally about 4 inches (100\u00a0mm); flooding, if any, was insignificant. Tropical storm force winds were reported, peaking at 50\u00a0mph (80\u00a0km/h) at Shell Beach, Louisiana, on the south shore of Lake Borgne. At the same location, tides between 5 and 6 feet (1.5 and 1.8\u00a0m) above normal were measured. Four people were rescued by the United States Coast Guard after their tugboat sank in Lake Pontchartrain, while three others swam to shore. Additionally, two fatalities occurred in the vicinity of Mobile, Alabama.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 651]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072568-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Connie\nA tropical wave developed into a tropical depression east of Cape Verde on August\u00a03. After six hours, it strengthened into Tropical Storm Connie. By August\u00a04, Connie began to rapidly strengthen, becoming the first major hurricane of the season later that day. Initially, it posed a threat to the Lesser Antilles, although it passed about 50\u00a0miles (80\u00a0km) north. The outer rainbands produced hurricane-force wind gusts and intense precipitation, reaching 8.65\u00a0inches (220\u00a0mm) in Puerto Rico. In the United States Virgin Islands, three people died due to the hurricane, and a few homes were destroyed. In Puerto Rico, Connie destroyed 60\u00a0homes and caused crop damage. After affecting Puerto Rico, Connie turned to the northwest, reaching peak winds of 140\u00a0mph (220\u00a0km/h). The hurricane weakened while slowing and turning to the north, and struck North Carolina on August\u00a012 as a Category 2 hurricane.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 57], "content_span": [58, 956]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072568-0008-0000", "contents": "1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Connie\nConnie produced strong winds, high tides, and heavy rainfall as it moved ashore, causing heavy crop damage and 27\u00a0deaths in the state of North Carolina. Connie made a second landfall in Virginia, and it progressed inland until dissipating on August 15\u00a0near Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan. Connie is noted for being the only hurricane in recorded history to strike Michigan/the Great Lakes region as a tropical storm. Four people were killed in Washington, D.C. due to a traffic accident. In the Chesapeake Bay, Connie capsized a boat, killing 14\u00a0people and prompting a change in Coast Guard regulation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 57], "content_span": [58, 656]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072568-0008-0001", "contents": "1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Connie\nThere were six deaths each in Pennsylvania and New Jersey, and eleven deaths in New York, where record rainfall flooded homes and subways. At least 225,000\u00a0people lost power during the storm. Damage in the United States totaled around $86\u00a0million, although the rains from Connie was a prelude to flooding by Hurricane Diane. The remnants of Connie destroyed a few houses and boats in Ontario and killed three people in Ontario.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 57], "content_span": [58, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072568-0009-0000", "contents": "1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Diane\nA tropical wave spawned a tropical depression between the Lesser Antilles and Cape Verde on August\u00a07. It slowly strengthened and became Tropical Storm Diane on August\u00a09. After a Fujiwhara interaction with Hurricane Connie, Diane curved northward or north-northeastward and quickly deepened. By early on August\u00a08, the storm was upgraded to a hurricane. Only several hours later, Diane peaked as a Category\u00a02 hurricane with winds of 105\u00a0mph (165\u00a0km/h). The storm resumed its west-northwestward motion on August\u00a013. Colder air in the region caused Diane to weaken while approaching the East Coast of the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 672]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072568-0009-0001", "contents": "1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Diane\nA recently installed radar in North Carolina noted an eye feature, albeit poorly defined. Early on August\u00a017, Diane made landfall near Wilmington, North Carolina, as a strong tropical storm. The storm then moved in a parabolic motion across North Carolina and the Mid-Atlantic before re-emerging into the Atlantic Ocean on August\u00a019. Diane headed east-northeastward until becoming extratropical on August\u00a020.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 465]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072568-0010-0000", "contents": "1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Diane\nDespite landfall in North Carolina, impact in the state was minor, limited to moderate rainfall, abnormally high tides, and relatively strong winds. Further north, catastrophic flooding occurred in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, and New England. Of the 287\u00a0stream gauges in the region, 129\u00a0reported record levels after the flooding from Tropical Storm Diane. Many streams reported discharge rates that were more than twice of the previous record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072568-0010-0001", "contents": "1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Diane\nMost of the flooding occurred along small river basins that rapidly rose within hours to flood stage, largely occurring in populated areas; the region in which the floods occurred had about 30\u00a0million people, and 813\u00a0houses overall were destroyed. The floods severely damaged homes, highways, power lines, and railroads, and affected several summer camps. Overall utility damage was estimated at $79\u00a0million. Flooding in mountainous areas caused landslides and destroyed crop fields; agriculture losses was estimated at $7\u00a0million. Hundreds of miles of roads and bridges were also destroyed, accounting for $82\u00a0million in damage. Overall, Diane caused $754.7\u00a0million in damage, of which $600\u00a0million was in New England. Overall, there were at least 184\u00a0deaths.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 817]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072568-0011-0000", "contents": "1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Edith\nAn easterly tropical wave developed into a tropical depression on August\u00a021 in the tropical Atlantic. Moving towards the west-northwest, the disturbance slowly intensified, reaching tropical storm strength at 1200\u00a0UTC on August\u00a023 and as such was named Edith by the Weather Bureau. Afterwards, Edith began to curve towards the northwest as it gradually intensified, attaining hurricane strength on August\u00a026, but weakened back to a tropical storm early the next day. The storm re-intensified as it northeastward and accelerated, re-attaining hurricane status early on August\u00a029.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 635]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072568-0011-0001", "contents": "1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Edith\nEdith became a Category\u00a02 hurricane on August\u00a030 and soon peaked with maximum sustained winds of 100\u00a0mph (155\u00a0km/h) and a minimum pressure of 967\u00a0mbar (28.6\u00a0inHg). The hurricane began to gradually weaken after it passed east of the island, before becoming extratropical on August\u00a031. The extratropical cyclone would later make a clockwise loop before dissipating completely early on September\u00a05. Although Edith remained at sea, it was suspected that the hurricane may have caused the loss of the pleasure yacht Connemara IV, after it separated from its moorings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 619]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072568-0012-0000", "contents": "1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Five\nA weak disturbance was first observed near Grand Cayman on August\u00a023. The disturbance moved northeastward into the Gulf of Mexico, where it became a tropical depression late on August\u00a025. Early the next day, the depression intensified into a tropical storm. The tropical storm marginally strengthened further, peaking with maximum sustained winds of 45\u00a0mph (75\u00a0km/h) by 0000\u00a0UTC on August\u00a027. Nearing the Gulf Coast of the United States, the system curved towards the west. The storm maintained its intensity up until landfall in Louisiana near New Orleans about four hours later. Moving inland, it slowly weakened while crossing the Central United States, degenerating to tropical depression strength by August\u00a028 and dissipating over east-central Texas several hours later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 60], "content_span": [61, 836]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072568-0013-0000", "contents": "1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Five\nStrong waves generated by the storm caused tides 4\u00a0ft (1.2\u00a0m) above average, slightly damaging coastal resorts. Weather offices advised small craft offshore to remain in port due to the strong waves. Rough seas battered the schooner Princess Friday, but the ship was able to ride out the storm. The storm produced squalls further inland, causing heavy rains. Very minor damage occurred as a result of this cyclone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 60], "content_span": [61, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072568-0014-0000", "contents": "1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Flora\nA tropical wave moved along the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and passed through Cape Verde between August\u00a030 and August\u00a031. Although the Panair do Brasil headquarters in Recife, Brazil reported a closed circulation on August\u00a030, Tropical Storm Flora did not develop until 0600\u00a0UTC on September\u00a02, while located about 400 miles (640\u00a0km) of Cape Verde. The storm strengthened at a steady pace for the following 48\u00a0hours and reached hurricane status late on September\u00a03. Flora headed on a parabolic track, initially moving west-northwestward and then northwesterly by September\u00a04.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 643]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072568-0014-0001", "contents": "1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Flora\nIt continued to intensify and by September\u00a06, the storm curved northward. Around time, a minimum barometric pressure of 967\u00a0mbar (28.6\u00a0inHg) was reported, along with a maximum sustained wind speed of 105\u00a0mph (165\u00a0km/h). Flora weakened slightly to a Category\u00a01 hurricane curving to the northeast late on September\u00a08 and became extratropical at 0600\u00a0UTC on September\u00a09, while located about midway between Flores Island in the Azores and Sable Island, Nova Scotia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072568-0015-0000", "contents": "1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Gladys\nA tropical depression developed in the Bay of Campeche at 1800\u00a0UTC on September\u00a03. About 24\u00a0hours later, it strengthened into Tropical Storm Gladys. The storm quickly intensified and reached hurricane status on September\u00a05, roughly 24\u00a0hours after developing. Around that time, Gladys peaked as a Category\u00a01 hurricane with maximum sustained winds of 75\u00a0mph (120\u00a0km/h). Later on September\u00a05, an offshoot of Gladys with cyclonic turning formed in the northern Gulf of Mexico and struck Texas on September\u00a06; it may have been a separate tropical cyclone. Initially, Gladys headed north-northwestward, but then re-curved south-southwestward while approaching the Gulf Coast of Mexico. Early on September\u00a06, it made landfall near Tampico, Tamaulipas, as a minimal hurricane. Gladys curved southward while just barely inland and weakened, dissipating near Tuxpan, Veracruz, late on September\u00a06.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 57], "content_span": [58, 945]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072568-0016-0000", "contents": "1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Gladys\nGladys dropped up to 25 inches (640\u00a0mm) in Tampico, Tamaulipas. The worst of the flooding from Gladys occurred in Mexico City. Roughly 5,000\u00a0residents were isolated and required rescue. Police estimated that 2,300\u00a0homes were inundated with 5 to 7 feet (1.5 to 2.1\u00a0m) of water. About 30,000\u00a0families were impacted by the storm. Two children drowned and five additional people were listed as missing. In Texas, the highest sustained wind speed was 45\u00a0mph (75\u00a0km/h) in the Corpus Christi\u2013Port O'Connor area, with gusts between 55 and 65\u00a0mph (89 and 105\u00a0km/h) offshore. Precipitation peaked at 17.02 inches (432\u00a0mm) in Flour Bluff, a neighborhood of Corpus Christi. Flooding in the area forced \"scores\" of people to evacuate their homes. Damage estimates reached $500,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 57], "content_span": [58, 826]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072568-0017-0000", "contents": "1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Ione\nA tropical wave developed into a tropical depression early on September\u00a010, while located about midway between Cape Verde and the Lesser Antilles. After six hours, the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Ione. Eventually, it turned to the northwest. At 0000\u00a0UTC on September\u00a015, Ione reached hurricane intensity, while situated north of the Leeward Islands. Ione continued to deep while moving northwest. The storm reached Category 4 intensity with maximum sustained winds of 140\u00a0mph (220\u00a0km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 938\u00a0mbar (27.7\u00a0inHg) early on September\u00a018.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 639]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072568-0017-0001", "contents": "1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Ione\nAround midday on the following day, it made landfall near Wilmington, North Carolina, as a Category 2 hurricane. Shortly after moving inland over eastern North Carolina, Ione weakened to a tropical storm. Late on September\u00a019, Ione re-emerged into the Atlantic near Norfolk, Virginia. The storm quickly re-strengthened early on September\u00a020, but transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on September\u00a021.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072568-0018-0000", "contents": "1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Ione\nStrong winds, heavy rainfall, and abnormally high tides lashed some areas along the East Coast of the United States, especially North Carolina. In Cherry Point, sustained winds reached 75\u00a0mph (121\u00a0km/h), with gusts up to 107\u00a0mph (172\u00a0km/h). Overall, damage was slightly more than $88\u00a0million, mostly to crops and agriculture. Rainfall in the state peaked at 16.63 inches (422\u00a0mm) in Maysville. Storm surge in North Carolina peaked at 5.3 feet (1.6\u00a0m) in Wrightsville Beach. As a result, several coastal roadways were flooded, including a portion of Highway 94 and Route 264. Seven deaths were reported in North Carolina. The remnants of Ione brought gusty winds to Atlantic Canada, which broken poles, uprooted trees, interrupted telephone service, damaged chimneys and caused power outages, especially in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 900]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072568-0019-0000", "contents": "1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Hilda\nA tropical wave spawned Tropical Storm Hilda north of Puerto Rico early on September\u00a012. Hilda quickly intensified while moving westward into a small hurricane by September\u00a013. Although the storm passed just north of Hispaniola on that day, damage is unknown, if any. Later on September\u00a013, Hilda made landfall near the southeastern tip of Cuba on September\u00a013. There, it dropped heavy rainfall and produced gusty winds that destroyed 80% of the coffee crop in Oriente Province. In the eastern Cuban city of Baracoa, Hilda severely damaged the oldest church in the country. Damage totaled $2\u00a0million in Cuba, and there were four deaths.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 693]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072568-0020-0000", "contents": "1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Hilda\nAlthough Hilda weakened to a tropical storm over southeastern Cuba, the system re-strengthened into a hurricane as it struck Grand Cayman early on September\u00a015. The storm intensified further over the northeastern Caribbean, becoming a Category\u00a03 major hurricane and reaching sustained winds of 120\u00a0mph (195\u00a0km/h) about 24\u00a0hours later. Late on September\u00a016, Hilda struck a sparsely-populated region of the eastern Yucat\u00e1n Peninsula, causing light damage. Although Hilda quickly weakened to a tropical storm over the Yucat\u00e1n Peninsula, the cyclone re-strengthened to again reach winds of 120\u00a0mph (195\u00a0km/h) early on September\u00a019.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 684]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072568-0020-0001", "contents": "1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Hilda\nBefore the hurricane moved ashore, there was residual flooding in Tampico from earlier Hurricane Gladys. Hilda struck the city early on September\u00a019 and then rapidly weakened inland, dissipating on September\u00a020. The storm is estimated to have generated gusts up to 150\u00a0mph (240\u00a0km/h) and dropped heavy rainfall that flooded 90% of Tampico, while its strong winds damaged half of the homes, leaving 15,000\u00a0homeless. Throughout Mexico, 11,432\u00a0people were directly affected by Hilda. Overall, the storm killed 300\u00a0people and caused over $120\u00a0million in damages. Additionally, the outer bands of Hilda caused minor flooding in southern Texas, particularly in Raymondville.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 725]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072568-0021-0000", "contents": "1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Janet\nHurricane Janet was the most powerful tropical cyclone of the season and one of the strongest Atlantic hurricanes on record. The hurricane formed from a tropical wave east of the Lesser Antilles on September\u00a021. Moving toward the west across the Caribbean Sea, Janet fluctuated in intensity, but generally strengthened before reaching its peak intensity as a Category\u00a05 hurricane on the Saffir\u2013Simpson hurricane scale with winds of 175\u00a0mph (280\u00a0km/h). The intense hurricane made landfall at that intensity near Chetumal, Mexico on September\u00a028.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 601]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072568-0021-0001", "contents": "1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Janet\nJanet's landfall as a Category\u00a05 hurricane on the Yucat\u00e1n Peninsula marked the first recorded instance that a storm of such intensity in the Atlantic basin made on a continental mainland, with all previous storms making landfall as Category\u00a05 hurricanes on islands. After weakening to a Category\u00a02 over the Yucat\u00e1n Peninsula, it moved into the Bay of Campeche and remained mostly unchanged in intensity before making its final landfall near Veracruz on September\u00a029. Janet quickly weakened over Mexico's mountainous terrain before dissipating on September\u00a030.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072568-0022-0000", "contents": "1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Janet\nIn its developmental stages near the Lesser Antilles, Janet caused significant damage to the island chain, resulting in 189\u00a0deaths and $7.8\u00a0million in damages in the Grenadines and Barbados. While Janet was in the central Caribbean Sea, a reconnaissance aircraft flew into the storm and was lost, with all eleven crew members believed perished. This was the only such loss which has occurred in association with an Atlantic hurricane. A Category\u00a05 upon landfall on the Yucat\u00e1n Peninsula, Janet caused severe devastation in areas on Quintana Roo and British Honduras.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 623]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072568-0022-0001", "contents": "1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Janet\nOnly five buildings in Chetumal, Mexico remained intact after the storm. An estimated 500\u00a0deaths occurred in the Mexican state of Quintana Roo. At Janet's second landfall near Veracruz, significant river flooding ensued, worsening effects caused by Hurricanes Gladys and Hilda earlier in the month. The floods left thousands of people stranded and killed at least 326\u00a0people in the Tampico area. The flood damage would lead to the largest Mexican relief operation ever executed by the United States. At least 1,023\u00a0deaths were attributed to Hurricane Janet, as well as $65.8\u00a0million in damages.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 651]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072568-0023-0000", "contents": "1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Eleven\nA tropical wave moved off the coast of Africa on September\u00a018 and continued west-northwestward. It is possible that the system developed into a tropical depression the next day, although lack of data prevented such classification until September\u00a023, when a nearby ship reported winds of 35\u00a0mph (55\u00a0km/h). An approaching cold front turned the system to the north on September\u00a024. The structure gradually became better organized, and after turning to the northeast on September\u00a026, the depression intensified into a tropical storm. This was based on a ship report of 45\u00a0mph (75\u00a0km/h) winds, which was also estimated as the system's peak intensity. On September\u00a027, the system became extratropical and accelerated its forward motion, dissipating within a larger extratropical storm south of Iceland on the next day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 875]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072568-0024-0000", "contents": "1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Twelve\nA tropical wave was reported to have passed through Cape Verde on October\u00a04. The system slowly developed a vertex as it curved in a generally northward direction. By early on October\u00a010, two ships reported that a tropical depression formed almost halfway between the Azores and the Leeward Islands. After six hours, the depression strengthened into a tropical storm. While re-curving to the northeast, the storm attained its maximum sustained winds of 65\u00a0mph (100\u00a0km/h); the lowest atmospheric pressure recorded in relation to the storm was 1,000\u00a0mbar (30\u00a0inHg), but the time of measurement is unknown. Although no significant weakening occurred, it eventually merged with an extratropical cyclone on October\u00a014, while still well southwest of the Azores. During its extratropical stage, a ship in the area reported an atmospheric pressure as low as 979\u00a0mbar (28.9\u00a0inHg).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 933]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072568-0025-0000", "contents": "1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Katie\nA disturbance in the ITCZ developed into a tropical depression north of Panama on October\u00a014. Early on the following day, the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Katie. The system moved generally northeast due to the presence of a strong low pressure area along the East Coast of the United States. Later that day, Hurricane Hunters observed a rapidly intensifying hurricane, encountering winds of 110\u00a0mph (175\u00a0km/h) and a pressure of 984\u00a0mbar (29.1\u00a0inHg) several hours before the peak intensity.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072568-0025-0001", "contents": "1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Katie\nEarly on October\u00a017, Katie made landfall in extreme eastern Sud-Est, Haiti, as a strong Category 2 hurricane (although it may have been stronger). About half of homes in the town of Anse-\u00e0-Pitres were destroyed. Across the border in Pedernales, Dominican Republic, 68\u00a0houses were damaged. Overall losses were at least $200,000 and 7\u00a0fatalities were reported.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072568-0026-0000", "contents": "1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Katie\nWhile crossing the mountainous terrain of Hispaniola, Katie became very disorganized and rapidly weakened to a tropical storm early on October\u00a017, within a few hours after moving inland. Later that day, the storm emerged into the Atlantic Ocean just east of Puerto Plata, Dominican Republic. Katie began accelerating to the northeast on October\u00a018. During that time, the storm re-intensified and briefly approached hurricane intensity, although it failed to strengthen further due to interaction with a cold front. After passing just east of Bermuda on October\u00a019, the storm transitioned into an extratropical cyclone. The remnants of Katie were last observed the following day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 735]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072568-0027-0000", "contents": "1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Storm names\nThe following names were used for tropical cyclones that reached at least tropical storm intensity in the North Atlantic in 1955. However, two of such storms went unnamed. Storms were named Brenda, Connie, Diane, Edith, Flora, Gladys, Hilda, Ione, Janet and Katie for the first (and only in case of Connie, Diane, Ione and Janet) time. Names not assigned are marked in gray.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 43], "content_span": [44, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072568-0028-0000", "contents": "1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Storm names, Retirement\nConnie, Diane, Ione, and Janet would later be retired. The 1955 season is tied with the 1995, 2004, and 2017 seasons for the second most storm names retired after a single season in the Atlantic basin, only surpassed by the 2005, which had five names retired.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072568-0029-0000", "contents": "1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Season effects\nThis is a table of all the storms that have formed in the 1955 Atlantic hurricane season, besides Hurricane Alice. It includes their duration, names, landfall(s), denoted in parentheses, damages, and death totals. Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect (an example of an indirect death would be a traffic accident), but were still related to that storm. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical, a tropical wave, or a low, and all the damage figures are in 1955 USD.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 550]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072569-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Auburn Tigers football team\nThe 1955 Auburn Tigers football team represented Auburn University in the 1955 college football season. It was the Tigers' 64th overall and 23rd season as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The team was led by head coach Ralph \"Shug\" Jordan, in his fifth year, and played their home games at Cliff Hare Stadium in Auburn and Legion Field in Birmingham, Alabama. They finished with a record of eight wins, two losses and one tie (8\u20132\u20131 overall, 5\u20132\u20131 in the SEC) and with a loss to Vanderbilt in the Gator Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072570-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Australia rugby union tour of New Zealand\nThe 1955 Australia rugby union tour of New Zealand was a series of rugby union matches played by \"Wallabies\" in 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072570-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Australia rugby union tour of New Zealand\nThe test series was lost with a victory for Australia and two for New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072571-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Australian Championships\nThe 1955 Australian Championships was a tennis tournament that took place on outdoor Grass courts at the Memorial Drive, Adelaide, Australia from 21 January to 31 January.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072571-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Australian Championships\nIt was the 43rd edition of the Australian Championships (now known as the Australian Open), the 11th held in Adelaide, and the first Grand Slam tournament of the year. The singles titles were won by Australians Ken Rosewall and Beryl Penrose.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072571-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Australian Championships, Champions, Men's Doubles\nVic Seixas /  Tony Trabert defeated  Lew Hoad /  Ken Rosewall 6\u20133, 6\u20132, 2\u20136, 3\u20136, 6\u20131", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072571-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Australian Championships, Champions, Women's Doubles\nMary Bevis Hawton /  Beryl Penrose defeated  Nell Hall Hopman /  Gwen Thiele 7\u20135, 6\u20131", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072571-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Australian Championships, Champions, Mixed Doubles\nThelma Coyne Long /  George Worthington defeated  Jenny Staley /  Lew Hoad 6\u20132, 6\u20131", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072572-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Australian Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nFirst-seeded Ken Rosewall defeated Lew Hoad 9\u20137, 6\u20134, 6\u20134 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1955 Australian Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072572-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Australian Championships \u2013 Men's Singles, Seeds\nThe seeded players are listed below. Ken Rosewall is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 52], "content_span": [53, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072573-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Australian Championships \u2013 Women's Singles\nSecond-seeded Beryl Penrose defeated Thelma Long 6\u20134, 6\u20133 in the final to win the Women's Singles tennis title at the 1955 Australian Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072573-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Australian Championships \u2013 Women's Singles, Seeds\nThe seeded players are listed below. Beryl Penrose is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 54], "content_span": [55, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072574-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Australian Grand Prix\nThe 1955 Australian Grand Prix was a motor race held at the Port Wakefield Circuit in South Australia on 10 October 1955. The race, which had 22 starters, was held over 80 laps of the 2.09\u00a0km (1.3\u00a0mi) circuit. It was open to Formula Libre cars of unlimited capacity. The race was promoted by Brooklyn Speedway (SA) Ltd. and was organised by the Sporting Car Club of SA Inc.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072574-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Australian Grand Prix\nIt was the twentieth Australian Grand Prix and the first to be held on a purpose built motor racing circuit after the previous 19 were held on closed streets or country roads, or on airfields modified for the purpose. Future World Champion Jack Brabham won his first Australian Grand Prix in a streamlined Cooper-Bristol that Brabham, having recently joined the Cooper team, had assembled himself and sent to Australia. It was the first time a rear-engined car had won the AGP, although this was seen as an upset win and a rear-engined car would not win again until 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 598]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072575-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Australian federal election\nThe 1955 Australian federal election was held in Australia on 10 December 1955. All 122 seats in the House of Representatives and 30 of the 60 seats in the Senate were up for election. An early election was called to bring the House and Senate elections back in line; the previous election in 1954 had been House-only. The incumbent Liberal\u2013Country coalition led by Prime Minister Robert Menzies increased its majority over the opposition Labor Party, led by H. V. Evatt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072575-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Australian federal election\nFuture Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser and future opposition leader Billy Snedden both entered parliament at this election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072576-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Avon Trophy\nThe I Avon Trophy was a non-championship Grand Prix which was held at the Castle Combe Circuit on 1 October 1955, three weeks after the end of the season. It was the inaugural running of the Avon Trophy, and the last race run to Formula One regulations to be held at the circuit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072576-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Avon Trophy\nThe race was won from pole by American, Harry Schell, ahead of privateer Horace Gould, in second and Bob Gerard in third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072576-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Avon Trophy, Background\nThe Castle Combe circuit, converted from an airfield just five years earlier, welcomed Formula One racing for the fourth consecutive year, having hosted the Joe Fry Memorial Trophy in previous years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 28], "content_span": [29, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072576-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Avon Trophy, Background\nThe inaugural Avon Trophy, although post-season and non-championship, was attended by numerous championship contenders from the 1955 season, as well as some new faces ahead of 1956. Among those who entered the race were American, Harry Schell, privateer Horace Gould and Frenchman, Louis Rosier. Peter Collins and future championship runner-up, Tony Brooks also attended.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 28], "content_span": [29, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072577-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Ayrshire County Council election\nElections to Ayrshire County Council were held on 10 May 1955. The Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889 established Ayrshire as an administrative county, governed by a County Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072577-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Ayrshire County Council election\nFollowing the election the council was composed of 25 Labourites, 16 Progressives/Moderates, and an Independent. The former council had composed 24 Labourites, 15 Progressives/Moderates, and an Independent. Due to the splitting of several larger divisions 3 new seats had to be filled.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072578-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 BC Lions season\nThe 1955 BC Lions finished the season in fourth place in the W.I.F.U. with a 5\u201311 record, improving upon their inaugural season, but still could not qualify for the playoffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072578-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 BC Lions season\nAt the end of the season, Annis Stukus, who help organize and spearhead the new CFL expansion franchise, was dropped as head coach after two seasons. On December 7, former Ottawa Rough Riders head coach, Clem Crowe, was elevated from assistant to the second head coach in Lions history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072578-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 BC Lions season\nGuard Bob Levenhagen was the only Lion to be a WIFU All-star.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 82]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072579-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 BYU Cougars football team\nThe 1955 BYU Cougars football team was an American football team that represented Brigham Young University in the Skyline Conference during the 1955 college football season. In their seventh and final season under head coach Chick Atkinson, the Cougars compiled a 1\u20139 record (0\u20137 against Skyline opponents), finished eighth (last) in the Skyline, and were outscored by a total of 300 to 104.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072579-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 BYU Cougars football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Don Dixon with 335 passing yards, Phil Oyler with 366 rushing yards and 381 yards of total offense, Owen Skousen with 190 receiving yards, and LeGrand Young with 19 points scored.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072580-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Ball State Cardinals football team\nThe 1955 Ball State Cardinals football team was an American football team that represented Ball State Teachers College (later renamed Ball State University) in the Indiana Collegiate Conference (ICC) during the 1955 college football season. In its third and final season under head coach George Serdula, the team compiled a 3\u20135 record (1\u20135 against conference opponents) and tied for last place in the ICC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072581-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Baltimore Colts season\nThe 1955 Baltimore Colts season was the third season for the team in the National Football League. The Baltimore Colts finished the National Football League's 1955 season with a record of 5 wins, 6 losses and 1 tie and finished fourth in the Western Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072581-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Baltimore Colts season, Regular season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 54], "content_span": [55, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072582-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Baltimore Orioles season\nThe 1955 Baltimore Orioles season involved the Orioles finishing 7th in the American League with a record of 57 wins and 97 losses, 39 games behind the AL champion New York Yankees. The team was managed by first-year manager Paul Richards and played their home games at Baltimore's Memorial Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072582-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Baltimore Orioles season, Offseason\nIn the fall of 1954, the Orioles further distanced themselves from their Browns past by making a 17-player trade with the New York Yankees that included most former Browns of note still on the Baltimore roster. Indeed, to this day the Orioles make almost no mention of their past as the Browns. Though the deal did little to improve the short-term competitiveness of the club, it helped establish a fresh identity for the Oriole franchise.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 40], "content_span": [41, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072582-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Baltimore Orioles season, Offseason\nThe details of the trade were as follows: Don Larsen, Billy Hunter, Bob Turley, and players to be named later were traded by the Orioles to the New York Yankees for Gene Woodling, Harry Byrd, Jim McDonald, Hal Smith, Gus Triandos, Willy Miranda and players to be named later. The deal was completed on December 1, when the Yankees sent Bill Miller, Kal Segrist, Don Leppert, and Ted Del Guercio (minors) to the Orioles, and the Orioles sent Mike Blyzka, Darrell Johnson, Jim Fridley, and Dick Kryhoski to the Yankees.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 40], "content_span": [41, 558]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072582-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Baltimore Orioles season, Offseason\nUnlike other clubs that transferred in the 1950s, retaining their nickname and a sense of continuity with their past (such as the Brooklyn-Los Angeles Dodgers and New York-San Francisco Giants), the St. Louis Browns were renamed upon their transfer, implicitly distancing themselves at least somewhat from their history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 40], "content_span": [41, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072582-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 74], "content_span": [75, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072582-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 67], "content_span": [68, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072582-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072582-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072582-0008-0000", "contents": "1955 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 70], "content_span": [71, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072582-0009-0000", "contents": "1955 Baltimore Orioles season, Farm system\nPine Bluff franchise transferred to Meridian and renamed, June 16, 1955", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 42], "content_span": [43, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072583-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Baltimore mayoral election\nThe 1955 Baltimore mayoral election saw reelection of Thomas D'Alesandro Jr. to a third consecutive term as mayor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072583-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Baltimore mayoral election, General election, Campaign\nD'Alesandro faced Republican Samuel Hopkins. Hopkins had served a four-year term in the Maryland House of Delegates, having been elected in 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 59], "content_span": [60, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072584-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting\nElections to the Baseball Hall of Fame for 1955 followed a system established for odd-number years in 1953. The eligibility of retired players was extended; previously, a player could not be on the BBWAA ballot if he had retired more than 25 years prior. The ballot could now include those who had been retired for up to 30 years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072584-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting\nThe Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) voted by mail to select from recent major league players and elected four: Joe DiMaggio, Gabby Hartnett, Ted Lyons, and Dazzy Vance. The Veterans Committee met in closed sessions to consider executives, managers, umpires, and earlier players. It selected two players, Frank Baker and Ray Schalk. A formal induction ceremony was held in Cooperstown, New York, on July 25, 1955, with Commissioner of Baseball Ford Frick presiding.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072584-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, BBWAA election\nThe BBWAA was authorized to elect players active in 1925 or later, but not after 1949. All 10-year members of the BBWAA were eligible to vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072584-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, BBWAA election\nAny candidate receiving votes on at least 75% of the ballots would be honored with induction to the Hall. Votes were cast for 65 players; a total of 251 ballots were cast, with 189 votes required for election. A total of 2,391 individual votes were cast, an average of 9.53 per ballot. For the third time, the election produced at least four inductees, a feat that would not be repeated for another 60 years, in 2015.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072584-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, BBWAA election\nThe four candidates who received 75% of the vote and were elected are indicated in bold italics; candidates who have since been elected in subsequent elections are indicated in italics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072585-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Basque Pelota World Championships\nThe 1955 Basque Pelota World Championships were the 2nd edition of the Basque Pelota World Championships, organized by  the FIPV.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072585-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Basque Pelota World Championships, Events\nA total of 12 events were disputed, in 4 playing areas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 46], "content_span": [47, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072586-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Baylor Bears football team\nThe 1955 Baylor Bears football team represented Baylor University in the 1955 college football season. The team finished with a record of 5-5. Henry Gremminger (End) was chosen to the All-Conference team for a second year in a row.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072587-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Belfast Corporation election\nElections to Belfast Corporation were held on 18 May 1955, alongside elections to Northern Ireland's other municipal councils. The Ulster Unionists maintained their dominance of the 60-seat corporation, gaining 3 seats to bring their total number of seats to 50.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072588-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Belgian Grand Prix\nThe 1955 Belgian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Spa-Francorchamps on June 5, 1955. It was race 4 of 7 in the 1955 World Championship of Drivers. The 36-lap race was won by Mercedes driver Juan Manuel Fangio after he started from second position. His teammate Stirling Moss finished second and Ferrari driver Nino Farina came in third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072588-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Belgian Grand Prix, Race report\nHarry Schell set a grid time but his car was driven by teammate Maurice Trintignant. This was the easiest of wins for Mercedes. With the absence of Lancia, there was very little competition. Fangio disappeared into the distance with Moss tracking him round. Private entrant Eugenio Castellotti retired after 16 laps, Jean Behra crashed and Hawthorn's Vanwall had an oil leak. The domination of the silver cars was such that they came in over 2 minutes ahead of Farina in third place after he had lost a great deal of time attempting unsuccessfully to pass Castellotti.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 36], "content_span": [37, 605]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072589-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Belgian motorcycle Grand Prix\nThe 1955 Belgian motorcycle Grand Prix was the fifth round of the 1955 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on 3 July 1955 at the Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072590-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Big Ten Conference Men's Golf Championship\nThe 1955 Big Ten Conference Men's Golf Championship was held on May 27\u201328, 1955 at the Purdue Golf Course (South) in Lafayette, Indiana. The team champion was Purdue with a score of 1,141 and the individual champion was Roger Rubendall of Wisconsin who shot a 216.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072590-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Big Ten Conference Men's Golf Championship, Individual results\nThe championship was shortened for the first time ever from 72 holes to 54 as a result of storms canceling a morning round on Saturday.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 67], "content_span": [68, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072590-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Big Ten Conference Men's Golf Championship, Round summaries\nThe 1955 Big Ten Championship was played over two days with two 18-hole rounds played on the first day and an 18-hole round played on the final day, for a total of 54 holes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 64], "content_span": [65, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072591-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Big Ten Conference football season\nThe 1955 Big Ten Conference football season was the 60th season of college football played by the member schools of the Big Ten Conference (also known as the Western Conference) and was a part of the 1955 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072591-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Big Ten Conference football season\nThe 1955 Ohio State Buckeyes football team, under head coach Woody Hayes, won the Big Ten football championship with a record of 7\u20132 and was ranked No. 5 in the final AP Poll. Halfback Howard Cassady was a consensus first-team All-American and won both the 1955 Heisman Trophy as the best player in college football and the Chicago Tribune Silver Football as the most valuable player in the Big Ten.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072591-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Big Ten Conference football season\nThe 1955 Michigan State Spartans football team, under head coach Duffy Daugherty, compiled a 9\u20131 record, defeated UCLA in the 1956 Rose Bowl, and was ranked No. 2 behind Oklahoma in the final AP Poll. Quarterback Earl Morrall was a consensus first-team All-American and was the first Big Ten player selected in the 1956 NFL Draft with the second overall pick. Tackle Norm Masters was also a first-team All-American.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072591-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Big Ten Conference football season\nThe 1955 Michigan Wolverines football team, under head coach Bennie Oosterbaan, compiled a 7\u20132 record and was ranked No. 12 in the final AP Poll. In the second week of the season, the Wolverines defeated Michigan State, the Spartans' only loss of the season. The Wolverines rose to No. 1 in the AP Poll after defeating Army (ranked No. 6), but after starting the season 6-0, Michigan lost to Illinois on November 5, 1955. End Ron Kramer was a consensus first-team All-American.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072591-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Big Ten Conference football season\nIowa guard Cal Jones won the Outland Trophy as the best interior lineman in college football. He was the first Big Ten player to receive the award.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072591-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Results and team statistics\nKeyAP final = Team's rank in the final AP Poll of the 1955 seasonAP high = Team's highest rank in the AP Poll throughout the 1955 seasonPPG = Average of points scored per game; conference leader's average displayed in boldPAG = Average of points allowed per game; conference leader's average displayed in boldMVP = Most valuable player as voted by players on each team as part of the voting process to determine the winner of the Chicago Tribune Silver Football trophy; trophy winner in bold", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 85], "content_span": [86, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072591-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Preseason\nOn February 3, 1955, Bob Voigts resigned as Northwestern's head football coach. Voights had come under fire from alumni after Northwestern won only one conference game in two seasons. Less than a week later, Lou Saban was announced as Voigts' replacement. Saban had been an assistant coach at Northwestern in 1954. He had played for Indiana in 1941 and 1942 and for the Cleveland Browns from 1946 to 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 67], "content_span": [68, 473]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072591-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Regular season, September 24\nOn September 24, 1955, the Big Ten football teams opened their seasons with one conference game and eight non-conference games. The non-conference games resulted in six wins and two losses.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 86], "content_span": [87, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072591-0008-0000", "contents": "1955 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Regular season, October 1\nOn October 1, 1955, the Big Ten football teams participate in three conference games and four non-conference games. The non-conference games resulted in one win and three losses, bringing the Big Ten's record against non-conference opponents to 7\u20135.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 83], "content_span": [84, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072591-0009-0000", "contents": "1955 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Regular season, October 8\nOn October 8, 1955, the Big Ten football teams participated in four conference games and two non-conference games. The two non-conference games resulted in wins, bringing the Big Ten's record against non-conference opponents to 9-5 up to that point in the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 83], "content_span": [84, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072591-0010-0000", "contents": "1955 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Regular season, October 15\nOn October 14 and 15, 1955, the Big Ten football teams played three conference games and four non-conference games. The four non-conference games resulted in two wins and two losses, bringing the Big Ten's record against non-conference opponents to 11-7 up to that point in the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072591-0011-0000", "contents": "1955 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Regular season, October 22\nOn October 21 and 22, 1955, the Big Ten football teams participated in four conference games and two non-conference games. Iowa's non-conference game was played on Friday, October 21, while the remaining games were played on Saturday, October 22. The two non-conference games resulted in two losses, bringing the Big Ten's record against non-conference opponents to 11-9 up to that point in the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072591-0012-0000", "contents": "1955 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Regular season, October 29\nOn October 29, 1955, the Big Ten football teams played four conference games and two non-conference games. The two non-conference games resulted in two wins, bringing the Big Ten's record against non-conference opponents to 13-9 up to that point in the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072591-0013-0000", "contents": "1955 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Regular season, November 5\nOn November 5, 1955, the Big Ten football teams played each other in five conference games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072591-0014-0000", "contents": "1955 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Regular season, November 12\nOn November 12, 1955, the Big Ten football teams played each other in five conference games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 85], "content_span": [86, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072591-0015-0000", "contents": "1955 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Regular season, November 19\nOn November 19, 1955, the Big Ten Conference football teams played four conference games and two non-conference games. The two non-conference games resulted in a win and a loss, bringing the Big Ten's record against non-conference opponents to 14-10 up to that point in the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 85], "content_span": [86, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072591-0016-0000", "contents": "1955 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Bowl games\nOn January 2, 1956, Michigan State defeated UCLA, 17-14, in the 1956 Rose Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 68], "content_span": [69, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072591-0017-0000", "contents": "1955 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Post-season developments\nOn November 29, 1955, the Associated Press released its final college football rankings. Oklahoma was ranked at No. 1 by the AP with three Big Ten teams ranked in the top 20: Michigan State (No. 2); Ohio State (No. 5); and Michigan (No. 12).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 82], "content_span": [83, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072591-0018-0000", "contents": "1955 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Post-season developments\nAfter the 1955 season, three Big Ten teams changed head football coaches as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 82], "content_span": [83, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072591-0019-0000", "contents": "1955 Big Ten Conference football season, Awards and honors, All-Big Ten honors\nThe following players were picked by the Associated Press (AP) and/or the United Press (UP) as first-team players on the 1955 All-Big Ten Conference football team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 78], "content_span": [79, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072591-0020-0000", "contents": "1955 Big Ten Conference football season, Awards and honors, All-American honors\nAt the end of the 1955 season, Big Ten players secured five of 12 consensus first-team picks for the 1955 College Football All-America Team. The Big Ten's consensus All-Americans were:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 79], "content_span": [80, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072591-0021-0000", "contents": "1955 Big Ten Conference football season, Awards and honors, All-American honors\nOther Big Ten players who were named first-team All-Americans by at least one selector were:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 79], "content_span": [80, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072591-0022-0000", "contents": "1955 Big Ten Conference football season, Awards and honors, Other awards\nOhio State halfback Howard Cassady won the 1955 Heisman Trophy. Three other Big Ten players finished among the top 10 in voting for the Heisman Trophy: Michigan State quarterback Earl Morrall (fourth), Michigan end Ron Kramer (eighth), and Iowa offensive lineman Cal Jones (10th).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 72], "content_span": [73, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072591-0023-0000", "contents": "1955 Big Ten Conference football season, Awards and honors, Other awards\nCassady also received the Maxwell Award and the UPI and Sporting News College Football Player of the Year awards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 72], "content_span": [73, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072591-0024-0000", "contents": "1955 Big Ten Conference football season, Awards and honors, Other awards\nIowa guard Cal Jones won the Outland Trophy as the best interior lineman in college football. He was the first Big Ten player to receive the award.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 72], "content_span": [73, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072591-0025-0000", "contents": "1955 Big Ten Conference football season, 1956 NFL Draft\nThe following Big Ten players were among the first 100 picks in the 1956 NFL Draft:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 55], "content_span": [56, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072592-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Birthday Honours\nThe Queen's Birthday Honours 1955 were appointments in many of the Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of The Queen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072592-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Birthday Honours\nThey were announced on 3 June 1955, for the United Kingdom and Colonies, Australia, New Zealand, Ceylon, Pakistan, and for various members of Commonwealth forces in recognition of services in Korea during 1954\u20131955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072592-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Birthday Honours\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072593-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Birthday Honours (New Zealand)\nThe 1955 Queen's Birthday Honours in New Zealand, celebrating the official birthday of Elizabeth II, were appointments made by the Queen on the advice of the New Zealand government to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders. They were announced on 9 June 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072593-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Birthday Honours (New Zealand)\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072594-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Bolivian Primera Divisi\u00f3n\nThe 1955 Bolivian Primera Divisi\u00f3n, the first division of Bolivian football (soccer), was played by 11 teams. The champion was San Jos\u00e9.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072595-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Boston College Eagles football team\nThe 1955 Boston College Eagles football team represented Boston College as an independent in the 1955 college football season. The Eagles were led by fifth-year head coach Mike Holovak, and played their home games at Alumni Field in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts and Fenway Park in Boston. Team captain John Miller went on to play four seasons in the National Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072595-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Boston College Eagles football team\nThe team won its first three games and was ranked No. 17 in the AP Poll after those three victories. The team suffered its first loss to Xavier, and one week later lost a close game to Miami by a 14\u20137 score at the Orange Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072595-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Boston College Eagles football team\nIn the annual Green Line Rivalry game, Boston College gained 420 yards and defeated Boston University, 40\u201312, before a crowd of 25,827.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072595-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Boston College Eagles football team\nThe final game of the season was a 26\u20137 victory over rivals Holy Cross in front of 37,235 fans in Fenway Park.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072596-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Boston Red Sox season\nThe 1955 Boston Red Sox season was the 55th season in the franchise's Major League Baseball history. The Red Sox finished fourth in the American League (AL) with a record of 84 wins and 70 losses, 12 games behind the New York Yankees.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072596-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Boston Red Sox season, Regular season\nAfter finishing fourth \u2014 but 42 games behind the pennant-winning Cleveland Indians \u2014 in 1954, the 1955 Red Sox improved substantially, gaining 15 games in the win column (although again finishing fourth). The Red Sox played especially well throughout the early and middle parts of the season, seemingly in pennant contention for the first time since 1950. Much of the improvement was ascribed to rookie manager Pinky Higgins, promoted to Boston after eight years as a skipper in the team's farm system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 42], "content_span": [43, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072596-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Boston Red Sox season, Regular season\nBut the Red Sox' improvement on the field was overshadowed by the sudden illness and death, on June 27, of the team's sophomore first baseman, Harry Agganis. Perhaps the most celebrated Boston-area athlete of the 20th century, the Lynn, Massachusetts, native had starred in football as the quarterback of the Boston University Terriers before signing a professional baseball contract with the Red Sox. He was batting .313 in 83 at bats on June 2 when he was initially taken ill with pneumonia. He died less than four weeks later, at 26, of a massive pulmonary embolism.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 42], "content_span": [43, 612]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072596-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 71], "content_span": [72, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072596-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 64], "content_span": [65, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072596-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072596-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 66], "content_span": [67, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072596-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 67], "content_span": [68, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072597-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Boston University Terriers football team\nThe 1955 Boston University Terriers football team was an American football team that represented Boston University as an independent during the 1955 college football season. In its ninth season under head coach Aldo Donelli, the team compiled a 2\u20136 record and was outscored by a total of 174 to 113.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072598-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Boston mayoral election\nThe Boston mayoral election of 1955 occurred on Tuesday, November 8, 1955, between Mayor John B. Hynes and State Senator John E. Powers. Hynes was elected to his third term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072598-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Boston mayoral election\nThe nonpartisan municipal preliminary election was held on September 27, 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072599-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Bowling Green Falcons football team\nThe 1955 Bowling Green Falcons football team was an American football team that represented Bowling Green State University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1955 college football season. In their first season under head coach Doyt Perry, the Falcons compiled a 7\u20131\u20131 record (4\u20131\u20131 against MAC opponents), shut out five opponents, finished in second place in the MAC, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 224 to 53. The team's only loss was by a 7-0 score against MAC champion Miami.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072599-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Bowling Green Falcons football team\nBo Schembechler was an assistant coach on Perry's staff during the 1955 season. Schembechler later said, \"I don't believe I can name a coach, anywhere, anytime, anyhow, who did it better than Doyt Perry.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072599-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Bowling Green Falcons football team\nThe team's statistical leaders were Jim Bryan with 499 passing yards, Carlos Jackson with 505 rushing yards, and Jack Hecker with 556 receiving yards. Jack Hecker was the team captain. Carlos Jackson received the team's Most Valuable Player award. The team established a team record (later tied by the 1957 team) by allowing only eight touchdowns in the entire season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072600-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Brazilian presidential election\nPresidential elections were held in Brazil on 3 October 1955. The result was a victory for Juscelino Kubitschek, who received 35.7% of the vote. Voter turnout was 59.7%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072600-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Brazilian presidential election, Background\nAfter the suicide of Get\u00falio Vargas, his Vice President Jo\u00e3o Caf\u00e9 Filho took office. Prior to Vargas' death, Brazil was living a time of intense political division, with the right-wing opposition National Democratic Union (UDN), high-level military officers and the mass media openly trying to depose him following the attempted assassination of right-wing journalist Carlos Lacerda, allegedly ordered by Vargas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072600-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Brazilian presidential election, Background\nJuscelino Kubitschek, then Governor of Minas Gerais and a member of the pro-Vargas Social Democratic Party (PSD) announced his candidacy and built an alliance with the popular left-wing populist Jo\u00e3o Goulart of Vargas' Brazilian Labour Party (PTB), who was Vargas' former Minister of Labour and personal friend and who became cherished by the workers after granting a 100% increase in the minimum wage. A PSD-PTB coalition was then formed, with Kubitscheck as the presidential candidate and Goulart as his running mate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072600-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Brazilian presidential election, Background\nThe UDN, which wanted to do a more moderate and centrist image launched the candidacy of Juarez T\u00e1vora, an old military officer. The party formed a multi-party coalition in order to defeat the PSD-PTB coalition, a coalition which included the Republican Party and the Christian Democratic Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072600-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Brazilian presidential election, Background\nThe Social Progressive Party (PSP) candidate was its leader, the populist former S\u00e3o Paulo Governor Adhemar de Barros. The PSP had supported Vargas in 1950, helping him win, but Adhemar was known to have presidential ambitions of his own.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072600-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 Brazilian presidential election, Background\nAlso on the right, Pl\u00ednio Salgado of the minor Party of Popular Representation (PRP) ran for president. Salgado was known for being the leader of Brazilian Integralism in the late 1930s and early 1940s. Integralismo was a far right movement described as a Brazilian branch of fascism.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072600-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 Brazilian presidential election, Background\nDuring the campaign, Lu\u00eds Carlos Prestes, leader of then illegal Brazilian Communist Party (PCB) recommended the tactical vote for the Kubitschek-Goulart ticket, an incident which increased the communist denunciations of the UDN and the media against the PSD-PTB campaign.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072601-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 British Grand Prix\nThe 1955 British Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Aintree on 16 July 1955. It was race 6 of 7 in the 1955 World Championship of Drivers. British driver Stirling Moss led a Mercedes 1\u20132\u20133\u20134 domination of the race, to win his first Formula One race narrowly ahead of his illustrious Argentine teammate Juan Manuel Fangio. Several people, including Moss, believed that the Argentine allowed his British prot\u00e9g\u00e9 to claim his debut win in front of his home crowd. This was, however, at Moss' inquiry, consistently denied by Fangio, who claimed that Moss \"was simply faster that day.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 617]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072601-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 British Grand Prix\nSubsequent to the race, the German, Swiss and Spanish Grands Prix were cancelled, in the wake of the Le Mans disaster. With only one Championship round therefore remaining (the Italian Grand Prix some 2 months later), Fangio's points advantage over Moss was sufficient to secure his third World Drivers' Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072602-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition\nThe 1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition succeeded in climbing the 28,168-foot (8,586\u00a0m) Kangchenjunga, the third highest mountain in the world, for the first time. The expedition complied with a request from the Sikkim authorities that the summit should not be trodden on so the climbers deliberately stopped about five feet below the summit. George Band and Joe Brown reached the top on 25 May 1955, and they were followed the next day by Norman Hardie and Tony Streather. The expedition was led by Charles Evans who had been deputy leader on the 1953 British Mount Everest expedition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 626]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072602-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition\nThe expedition trekked from Darjeeling in India along the border with Sikkim and then through Nepal to the Yalung Valley. They unsuccessfully attempted a climbing route reconnoitred by a team led by John Kempe the year before but succeeded along a different route up the Yalung Face, one that Aleister Crowley's 1905 Kanchenjunga expedition had first attempted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072602-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition\nIn mountaineering circles at the time and more recently, the climb is sometimes regarded as a greater achievement than the ascent of Mount Everest two years earlier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072602-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition, Background, Political\nFollowing the ascent of Everest in 1953 and K2 in 1954, Kangchenjunga, the third highest mountain in the world, had become the highest unclimbed mountain. The mountain is on the border between Nepal and Sikkim and can be approached from either side. It is the most widely visible of the 8000-metre peaks and can be well seen from Darjeeling in West Bengal. In 1955 Sikkim had a degree of control over its internal affairs and would not allow any attempt to climb the mountain. However, from 1950 Nepal had been permitting a few mountaineering expeditions, particularly enabling reconnaissance of routes to Everest, and were willing to allow an attempt on Kangchenjunga from the west.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 60], "content_span": [61, 744]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072602-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition, Background, Exploration\nKangchenjunga is a highly active mountain with avalanches constantly streaming down its sides. It is somewhat distanced from the line of the Himalayas and, because it is near where the monsoon approaches from the Bay of Bengal, the monsoon season persists longer than for any other of the eight-thousanders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 62], "content_span": [63, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072602-0004-0001", "contents": "1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition, Background, Exploration\nThroughout the 20th century and from even before that time, the mountain had been explored by many teams and the two routes attempted in 1955 \u2013 up the Yalung Face of the mountain from the Yalung glacier \u2013 had been reconnoitred in 1905 by a Swiss team led by Jules Jacot-Guillarmod with Aleister Crowley as climbing leader and by John Kempe in 1954. Kempe's report led to the Alpine Club agreeing to sponsor a reconnaissance effort which might also attempt to reach the summit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 62], "content_span": [63, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072602-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition, Background, Exploration\nA detailed map of the region was produced by Marcel Kurz in 1931.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 62], "content_span": [63, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072602-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition, Expedition planning and departure, Team membership\nThe members of the team were led by Charles Evans (36 years of age at the time of the climb), who had been deputy leader on the 1953 British Mount Everest expedition. Norman Hardie (30 years), a New Zealander, was deputy leader and had explored the Barun Valley with Edmund Hillary in 1954. George Band (26 years), had been on the 1953 Mount Everest expedition and was responsible for food. Joe Brown (24 years), was an outstanding rock climber in Britain and the Alps. John Clegg (29 years) was the expedition doctor and an Alpine climber.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 89], "content_span": [90, 630]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072602-0006-0001", "contents": "1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition, Expedition planning and departure, Team membership\nJohn Jackson (34 years), with considerable Himalayan experience, had been on the 1954 Kangchenjunga reconnaissance expedition. Tom McKinnon (42 years), was the expedition photographer with considerable Himalayan experience. Neil Mather (28 years) was an ice and snow climber in the Alps. Tony Streather (29 years), with broad mountaineering experience including on the 1953 American Karakoram expedition, was responsible for porters and had knowledge of Hindustani. Dawa Tensing (about 45 years), was sirdar (chief Sherpa). He had been Evans' personal Sherpa on the 1952 Cho Oyu and 1953 Everest expeditions where he had twice reached the South Col. Annullu, deputy sirdar, had also been at the South Col in 1953. There were about 30 Sherpas from Solu Khumbu and 300 porters from Darjeeling.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 89], "content_span": [90, 881]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072602-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition, Expedition planning and departure, Equipment\nConsiderable advances had been made in equipment in preparation for the 1953 Everest expedition and so changes for 1955 were less substantial. Rather than taking vacuum packed high-altitude food they took packs for ten-man-days to be shared out so individual tastes could be better accommodated. Their high-altitude boots were of a neater design which allowed for canvas overboots and crampons on top of the whole lot. Their oxygen equipment was improved in design. The climbers used supplemental oxygen above Camp 3 and the Sherpas above Camp 5.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 83], "content_span": [84, 630]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072602-0007-0001", "contents": "1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition, Expedition planning and departure, Equipment\nThey took two closed-circuit sets, largely for experimental purposes but they relied on open-circuit which were also found to be generally more satisfactory. A set weighed only 80% of the Everest design. The flow valves were made of rubber to avoid problems of blockage by ice but unfortunately, when the rubber became cold and rigid overnight, the valves would leak badly when turned on in the morning. Early starts were sometimes delayed while the equipment was being warmed up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 83], "content_span": [84, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072602-0007-0002", "contents": "1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition, Expedition planning and departure, Equipment\nAnother problem was that the climbers lost weight during the climb so that their face masks no longer fitted well and this also caused a waste of gas. Worse, the leak could cause their goggles to mist up \u2013 removing these, even just to wipe them, risked becoming snowblind. In all, 6 long tons (6.1 tonnes) of supplies had to be carried from Darjeeling.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 83], "content_span": [84, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072602-0008-0000", "contents": "1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition, Expedition planning and departure, Departure for Darjeeling\nShortly before they sailed from Liverpool on 12 February 1955 they were told that for spiritual reasons the Sikkim government objected to any attempt at all to climb the mountain, even from Nepal, so before they departed Darjeeling Evans went to Gangtok to visit the Dewan (prime minister) with whom he reached a compromise that the expedition could go ahead provided that once they were sure of being able to reach the summit they would go no higher and they would not desecrate the vicinity of the summit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 98], "content_span": [99, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072602-0009-0000", "contents": "1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition, March-in and first base camp\nThey left Darjeeling on 14 March for the 16-mile (26\u00a0km) journey to Mane Bhanjyang transporting their baggage in a convoy of dilapidated trucks. This was the last large village on the road before their 10-day trek started on a track up to the crest of the Singalila Ridge from where, at 10,000 feet (3,000\u00a0m), there were three Indian government rest houses along the route north, the first being at Tonglu. At Phalut they turned west to enter the jungles of Nepal. After Chyangthapu they headed north again through intensively cultivated terraced land.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 67], "content_span": [68, 620]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072602-0009-0001", "contents": "1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition, March-in and first base camp\nAt Khebang (now Khewang)  there was a long climb up to the pass leading to the Yalung valley where there was again jungle, which eventually turned into the gravel outwash of the Yalung glacier. After Tseram (now Cheram) was the remains of a monastery at Ramser and near the terminal moraine of the 13-mile (21\u00a0km) Yalung glacier at 13,000 feet (4,000\u00a0m), the porters were paid off because the route up the glacier was too difficult for them. Yalung Camp was established as a substantial camp from where to acclimatise by climbing many nearby peaks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 67], "content_span": [68, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072602-0009-0002", "contents": "1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition, March-in and first base camp\nAccurate theodolite measurements were taken of features in the vicinity of Kangchenjunga's Yalung, or southwest, face. A supply chain for food for the Sherpas \u2013 tsampa and atta \u2013 was organised from Ghunsa village two days carry away. Also, plans were made for the future moving of goods from Yalung to a base camp much higher up the glacier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 67], "content_span": [68, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072602-0010-0000", "contents": "1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition, March-in and first base camp\nThe trek to Yalung Camp had taken 10 days and when they left after their acclimatisation period there was a four-day trek up the glacier to a base camp to be established at the foot of Kempe's Buttress, at the foot of the route suggested by the reconnaissance of the year before. Because the porters had been paid off the trek to base camp had to be done repeatedly in very poor weather. The left bank (southeastern side) of the glacier was subject to continual avalanches from Talung so they took the right bank even though the ice was very broken there.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 67], "content_span": [68, 623]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072602-0011-0000", "contents": "1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition, Attempt via Kempe's Buttress\nKempe's Buttress flanks the eastern side of an icefall that descends Kangchenjunga from about 23,500 feet (7,200\u00a0m) to the glacier at 18,000 feet (5,500\u00a0m). The top of the buttress is at 19,500 feet (5,900\u00a0m) and from there Kempe had thought there might be a feasible way further up the icefall. From the top of the Buttress, however, Band and Hardie took two days trying to get onto the icefall itself. Evans and Jackson joined the effort and although they then managed to get onto the icefall they could make no further progress. Band, who had climbed Everest's Khumbu Icefall,  wrote:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 67], "content_span": [68, 655]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072602-0012-0000", "contents": "1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition, Attempt via Kempe's Buttress\nWe spent two days of the most exhilarating ice-climbing of our lives, trying to find a route through ... it made the Khumbu Icefall look like a children\u2019s playground \u2026 Were we to be defeated so soon?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 67], "content_span": [68, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072602-0013-0000", "contents": "1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition, Attempt via Kempe's Buttress\nFortunately, Hardie spotted a small glacier descending the Western Buttress \u2013 the wall on the far side of the glacier \u2013 and the small glacier reached down from a location they called the \"Hump\" to a point on the icefall roughly level with their vantage point. So, they decided to abandon their present attempt and try all over again hoping to reach the western side of the icefall. The intention was to climb up to the Hump along the western side of the Western Buttress and to achieve this involved moving base camp.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 67], "content_span": [68, 585]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072602-0014-0000", "contents": "1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition, Attempt from Pache's grave, Lower slopes\nAs it happens the location of the second base camp was where, on Crowley's 1905 expedition, Alexis Pache and three porters were laid to rest after they had been killed in an avalanche. The wooden cross and gravestone still stood there. Kempe's team had investigated the area the previous year but considered it would tend to lead towards the subsidiary peak Kangchenjunga West leaving a difficult traverse to the main summit. Also, the route was vulnerable to avalanches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 79], "content_span": [80, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072602-0015-0000", "contents": "1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition, Attempt from Pache's grave, Lower slopes\nEvans' plan was to climb to the Hump and then drop down to the Lower Icefall. They would then attempt the short climb to the top of the Lower Icefall to reach a plateau at the foot of the Upper Icefall. From there the Great Shelf \u2013 a snow shelf cutting across the Yalung Face from about 23,500 feet (7,200\u00a0m) in the southeast to 25,500 feet (7,800\u00a0m) in the northwest \u2013 should lead to a dark rock cirque, the \"Sickle\", beside a steep snow gangway leading to within striking distance of the summit. The rocks of the Sickle were the first outcrop to be reached after the Hump.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 79], "content_span": [80, 654]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072602-0016-0000", "contents": "1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition, Attempt from Pache's grave, Lower and upper icefall\nBy 26 April Band and Hardie had pitched Camp 1 two-thirds of the way up the very steep snow slopes on the western side of the Western Buttress. To go higher involved crossing a crevasse 20 feet (6.1\u00a0m) wide which was eventually made suitable for Sherpas with a ladder and 200 feet (61\u00a0m) of ropes. Up to the Hump and down the ramp on the other side the slopes were about 40\u00b0 and the descent to the icefall was a drop of some 400 feet (120\u00a0m).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 90], "content_span": [91, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072602-0016-0001", "contents": "1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition, Attempt from Pache's grave, Lower and upper icefall\nThey struggled up the edge of the icefall to reach the spacious avalanche-free plateau between the Upper and Lower Icefall. The Plateau was an excellent location for Camp 2 which was soon established by Evans and Brown. For three weeks without a single day being missed, supplies were ferried between Base Camp and Camp 2, stopping overnight at Camp 1 on the way up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 90], "content_span": [91, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072602-0017-0000", "contents": "1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition, Attempt from Pache's grave, Lower and upper icefall\nOn 29 April Evans and Brown were close to the eventual site of Camp 3 but that night a storm hit. When they tried to descend to Camp 1 the depth of snow and the severe avalanches meant they had to go back to Camp 2 where there was a shortage of food. It was only on 4 May they could reach the site for Camp 3 \u2013 by 9 May it was fully equipped as Advance Base Camp at 21,800 feet (6,600\u00a0m) by teams of Sherpas and climbers ferrying up and down the mountain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 90], "content_span": [91, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072602-0017-0001", "contents": "1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition, Attempt from Pache's grave, Lower and upper icefall\nOn 12 May Evans and Hardie set up Camp 4 and next day they were able to attain the Great Shelf where there were good snow conditions and they went on to find a suitable location for Camp 5, sheltered by an ice cliff at 25,300 feet (7,700\u00a0m), the greatest height ever reached on the mountain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 90], "content_span": [91, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072602-0018-0000", "contents": "1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition, Attempt from Pache's grave, Upper camps\nStreather, Mather and their Sherpas started stocking Camp 4 while the rest of the climbers returned to recuperate at Base Camp. When there, Evans announced the detailed plans for the next few days \u2013 the reconnaissance had turned into a bid for the summit. Jackson, McKinnon and theirSherpas would stock Camp 5. Brown and Band, the first summit pair, supported by Evans, Mather and four Sherpas would follow a day later. The supporting climbers would establish Camp 6 as near to the top of the Gangway as possible. Hardie and Streather would be a second assault team, supported by two Sherpas and moving up a day later still.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 78], "content_span": [79, 703]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072602-0019-0000", "contents": "1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition, Attempt from Pache's grave, Upper camps\nThings did not get off to a good start. Streather became snowblind and was unable to get above Camp 4 and many of the supplies had to be dumped below Camp 5. Jackson and McKinnon were unable to descend to Camp 3 so had to stay at Camp 4 with Brown and Band. That night a blizzard developed and it seemed the monsoon might be imminent. However, Jackson and McKinnon were able to descend to Camp 3.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 78], "content_span": [79, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072602-0019-0001", "contents": "1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition, Attempt from Pache's grave, Upper camps\nOn the third day the storm conditions abated so Evans, Mather, Brown, Band and three Sherpas set off for Camp 5 only to find an avalanche has swept away many of the supplies that had been dumped there. After a day of unscheduled rest at Camp 5 they then made good progress but when they reached a rocky outcrop at the planned height for Camp 6, 26,900 feet (8,200\u00a0m), there was nowhere at all suitable.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 78], "content_span": [79, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072602-0019-0002", "contents": "1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition, Attempt from Pache's grave, Upper camps\nThey had to dig a ledge out of the 45\u00b0 snow slope where, after two hours work, they created a ledge 4\u00a0feet 6\u00a0inches (1.37\u00a0m) wide for a tent 5 feet (1.5\u00a0m) wide. Despite the conditions they had an evening meal of asparagus soup, lambs' tongues and drinking chocolate. Band and Brown remained at Camp 6 for the night of 24 May, wearing all their clothes, including boots, inside their sleeping bags and using a low flow of supplemental oxygen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 78], "content_span": [79, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072602-0020-0000", "contents": "1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition, Summit attempts, 25 May 1955 \u2013 Brown and Band\nAt 05:00 a fine day beckoned and by 08:15 Brown and Band were ready to set off up the Gangway where they found very good snow conditions. Going to the top of the Gangway would have led to an awkward lengthy route along the west ridge to the summit so their plan was to veer to the right off the Gangway onto the southwest face and so reach the ridge quite close to the summit. A suitable line had been spotted from below but it was unclear where to actually turn off the Gangway.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 84], "content_span": [85, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072602-0020-0001", "contents": "1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition, Summit attempts, 25 May 1955 \u2013 Brown and Band\nIn the event they turned too soon and had to backtrack, so wasting 1\u00bd hours. The next stage involved rock climbing and then there was a 60\u00b0 snow slope. They could only afford to use a low rate of oxygen (two litres a minute each) and this seemed to sustain Brown better than Band so they stopped alternating the lead climbing and Brown stayed going first. After over five hours of continuous climbing they reached the ridge and the summit pyramid could be seen 400 feet (120\u00a0m) above.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 84], "content_span": [85, 569]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072602-0021-0000", "contents": "1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition, Summit attempts, 25 May 1955 \u2013 Brown and Band\nThey took a brief rest and a snack until 14:00 when they had two hours of oxygen left \u2013 they had to reach the summit by 15:00 to avoid an emergency bivouac on the way down. Brown led a final rock climb up a 20-foot (6\u00a0m) tall crack with a slight overhang at the top (grade about \"very difficult\" ignoring the altitude ).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 84], "content_span": [85, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072602-0021-0001", "contents": "1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition, Summit attempts, 25 May 1955 \u2013 Brown and Band\nThis required oxygen at six litres a minute and the climb led to a stance from where, to their surprise, the actual summit was just 20 feet (6\u00a0m) away and five feet (1.5\u00a0m) higher up. It was 14:45 on 25 May 1955. Even though this was the first ascent of the mountain, as agreed they did not go up onto the summit itself. There was a layer of cloud at 20,000 feet (6,100\u00a0m) so they could only see the highest peaks \u2013 Makalu, Lhotse and Everest, 80 miles (130\u00a0km) away to the west.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 84], "content_span": [85, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072602-0022-0000", "contents": "1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition, Summit attempts, 25 May 1955 \u2013 Brown and Band\nThey started the descent, discarding their oxygen sets when they were empty after one hour. As it got dark they reached their tent to be greeted by Hardie and Streather who had arrived there to make a second attempt if the first had failed. Band and Brown thought it was too dangerous to continue straight down to Camp 5 so that night four men had to survive in the small two-man tent that jutted out over the edge of the narrow ledge cut into the steep slope. Brown was in great pain through the night suffering from snowblindness.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 84], "content_span": [85, 617]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072602-0023-0000", "contents": "1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition, Summit attempts, 26 May 1955 \u2013 Hardie and Streather\nNext morning Hardie and Streather decided a second summit attempt was worthwhile so they set off along the same route but avoiding the previous pair's detour. At the rock wall immediately before the summit Brown and Band had left a sling hanging to help them climb but Hardie and Streather continued further around the base of the wall and found an easy snow slope up to just below the summit which they reached at 12:15. They spent an hour at the top before descending successfully.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 90], "content_span": [91, 574]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072602-0023-0001", "contents": "1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition, Summit attempts, 26 May 1955 \u2013 Hardie and Streather\nHardie and Streather had carried 2400 litres of oxygen each compared to Band and Brown's 1600 litres but unfortunately a couple of mishaps led to about half of it leaking away and Streather ended up having to descend without supplementary oxygen. They stayed at Camp 6 overnight and next day continued down to Camp 5 to be met by Evans and Dawa Tensing who had been waiting there to support both pairs of climbers attempting the summit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 90], "content_span": [91, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072602-0024-0000", "contents": "1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition, Departure\nPemi Dorje, one of the Sherpas and Dawa Tenzing's brother-in-law, died at base camp on 26 May. On 19 May he had fallen into a crevasse and become exhausted helping with the carry to Camp 5 and, although he got safely down to base camp and initially appeared to be recovering, he sadly died. As the various parties started to come down the mountain snow and ice were rapidly melting leaving some snow bridges and ladders in an increasingly dangerous state. Evans decided to leave the mountain quickly only taking equipment that could be readily carried and abandoning the rest. By 28 May the expedition had left the mountain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 48], "content_span": [49, 673]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072602-0025-0000", "contents": "1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition, Departure\nOn the initial march-in, to avoid high passes that might be snowbound, they had left the Singalila Ridge quite far south at Phulat to head down into the jungle of Nepal. On the return march in heavy rain they went up onto the ridge further north, after Ramser, and followed along the crest to avoid leeches infesting the valleys at the time of the monsoon. On 13 June they were back at Darjeeling", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 48], "content_span": [49, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072602-0026-0000", "contents": "1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition, Assessment\nIn a 1956 American Alpine Journal editorial Francis Farquhar said", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072602-0027-0000", "contents": "1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition, Assessment\nThe ascent of Kangchenjunga last year by the party led by Charles Evans deserves a good deal more acclaim than seems to have been accorded it. In several respects it was a greatermountaineering achievement than the ascent of Everest. Although not quite the highest mountain in the world it is so close to it as to be definitely in the same pre-eminent class. But in sheer magnitude, in the vastness of its quadruple system of glaciers, in its enormous cliffs, and in its interminable ridges, it is unequalled on the earth\u2019s surface. Moreover, until Evans undertook to solve its problems last year it seemed as if it might be the one great mountain in the world that could not be climbed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 737]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072602-0028-0000", "contents": "1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition, Assessment\nOver fifty years later Doug Scott, who had climbed Mount Everest and Kangchenjunga, wrote it was", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072602-0029-0000", "contents": "1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition, Assessment\n... a remarkable climb and one of the finest achievements in the annals of British mountaineering. ... The first ascent of Everest was a remarkable achievement but what made the climbing of Kangchenjunga even more impressive was that on Everest only 900\u00a0ft of the ascent route remained unexplored since the Swiss had got so high the year before. On Kangchenjunga there was 9000\u00a0ft of untested ground to negotiate and this was found to be more technically difficult than on Everest, with most of the difficulties near the summit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072602-0030-0000", "contents": "1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition, Assessment\nThe expedition was little reported on in the newspapers and none of the team received national honours at the time. Evans' and Band's publications did not encourage any of the usual nationalist feelings: their reports made no mention of flags placed on the summit. In 2005 Ed Douglas wrote for the British Mountaineering Council: \"In 1955 British climbers made the first ascent of Kangchenjunga, a mountain with an even more formidable reputation than Everest. The nation may have forgotten a unique sporting achievement ...\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072602-0031-0000", "contents": "1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition, Assessment\nRight back in 1956 Evans was prescient when he wrote of the Sherpas he so much admired:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072602-0032-0000", "contents": "1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition, Assessment\nIt would be naive to suppose that they can never change. Except those of the strongest character, it is unlikely that they can be proof against the great growth of Himalayan travel, and the penetration into the remotest places of caravans whose assumption is that it is money that matters. We are lucky to have enjoyed their friendship in days when they have not yet been much exposed to the chance of harm.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072603-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 British Lions tour to South Africa\nIn 1955 the British Lions rugby union team toured Southern and Eastern Africa. The Lions drew the test series against South Africa, each team winning two of the four matches. They won the first test by a single point and the third by three points and lost the second and fourth matches by wider margins. As well as South Africa, the tour included a match against South West Africa (later to become Namibia), two games against Rhodesia (later to become Zimbabwe) and one versus East Africa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 529]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072603-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 British Lions tour to South Africa\nOverall the tourists played twenty-five matches winning nineteen, losing five and drawing one. The Lions lost their opening fixture against Western Transvaal and were also beaten by Eastern Province and Border later in the tour. They drew with Eastern Transvaal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072603-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 British Lions tour to South Africa\nIt was the Lions' second tour after World War II and the first to South Africa after that war.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072603-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 British Lions tour to South Africa\nThe touring party was captained by Robin Thompson of Ireland. The manager was Jack A. E. Siggins and the assistant manager was D. E. Davies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072603-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 British Lions tour to South Africa\nJack Siggins had the honour of being invited, by the Rugby Football Union of East Africa (RFUEA), officially to open the newly constructed RFUEA Ground at Ngong Road in Nairobi just prior to the Lions last match of that tour against East Africa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072603-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 British Lions tour to South Africa, Squad, Forwards\nDickie Jeeps later played for England but was uncapped at the time of the 1955 tour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 56], "content_span": [57, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072603-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 British Lions tour to South Africa, Squad, The Idi Amin myth\nThere is a frequently repeated urban legend that Idi Amin (later to become the infamous military dictator of Uganda) was selected as a replacement by East Africa for their match against the 1955 British Lions. The story is entirely unfounded, he does not appear on the team photograph or on the official team list and replacements were not allowed in international rugby until 13 years after this event is supposed to have taken place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 65], "content_span": [66, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072604-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Brooklyn Dodgers season\nIn 1955, the Brooklyn Dodgers finally fulfilled the promise of many previous Dodger teams. Although the club had won several pennants in the past, and had won as many as 105 games in 1953, it had never won a World Series. This team finished 13.5 games ahead in the National League pennant race, leading the league in both runs scored and fewest runs allowed. In the 1955 World Series, they finally beat their crosstown rivals, the New York Yankees. It was the Dodgers first and only World Series championship won while located in Brooklyn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072604-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Regular season\nThis season was basically a culmination of the careers of many legendary Dodger players. Catcher Roy Campanella won the 1955 National League Most Valuable Player award, his third in five years. Center fielder Duke Snider led the league in runs batted in and was second in the MVP voting. He also hit his 200th career home run on May 10. Jackie Robinson and Pee Wee Reese, both 36 years old, could still play. Gil Hodges, 31, hit 27 home runs (and drove in both Dodger runs in the seventh game of the Series), while Carl Furillo, 33, hit 26 home runs with a .314 batting average.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 44], "content_span": [45, 623]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072604-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Regular season\nThe pitching staff was anchored by Don Newcombe, who was 20\u20135. It was the first time a black pitcher had won 20 games in a season. The 22-year-old Johnny Podres was only 9\u201310 but became the hero of the 1955 World Series by shutting out the Yankees in the seventh game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 44], "content_span": [45, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072604-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Regular season, MVP controversy\nDuke Snider finished second to teammate Campanella in the MVP voting by just five points, 226\u2013221, with each man receiving eight first place votes. The voting then as now was conducted by the Baseball Writers' Association of America. Each voting member, one from each major league city, filled out a ballot selecting ten men. A player receiving a first place vote got 14 points, then values of 9\u20138\u20137\u20136\u20135\u20134\u20133\u20132\u20131 for those in places 2 through 10.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 61], "content_span": [62, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072604-0003-0001", "contents": "1955 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Regular season, MVP controversy\nA writer from Philadelphia who was sick and who had become hospitalized had turned in a ballot with Campanella listed in position number 1 as well as position number 5. The assumption had been that the writer had meant to write Snider's name into one of those slots. Unable to get a clarification from the ill writer the BBWAA, after considering disallowing the ballot, decided to accept it, count the first place vote for Campanella and count the fifth place vote as though it were left blank.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 61], "content_span": [62, 556]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072604-0003-0002", "contents": "1955 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Regular season, MVP controversy\nHad the ballot been disallowed, the vote would have been won by Snider by three points. Had Snider gotten the fifth place vote, the final vote would have favored Snider 227\u2013226. Duke did, however, win the Sporting News National League Player of the Year Award for 1955 and the Sid Mercer Award.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 61], "content_span": [62, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072604-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; R = runs; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in; SB = Stolen bases", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 73], "content_span": [74, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072604-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; R = runs; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in; SB = Stolen bases", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072604-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; GS = Games started; CG = Complete games; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; BB = Bases on balls; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 71], "content_span": [72, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072604-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; GS = Games started; CG = Complete games; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; BB = Bases on balls; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 68], "content_span": [69, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072604-0008-0000", "contents": "1955 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; BB = Bases on balls; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 69], "content_span": [70, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072604-0009-0000", "contents": "1955 Brooklyn Dodgers season, 1955 World Series, Game 3\nSeptember 30, 1955, at Ebbets Field in Brooklyn, New York", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 55], "content_span": [56, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072604-0010-0000", "contents": "1955 Brooklyn Dodgers season, 1955 World Series, Game 4\nOctober 1, 1955, at Ebbets Field in Brooklyn, New York", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 55], "content_span": [56, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072604-0011-0000", "contents": "1955 Brooklyn Dodgers season, 1955 World Series, Game 5\nOctober 2, 1955, at Ebbets Field in Brooklyn, New York", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 55], "content_span": [56, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072605-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Brown Bears football team\nThe 1955 Brown Bears football team was an American football team that represented Brown University as an independent during the 1955 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072605-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Brown Bears football team\nIn their fifth season under head coach Alva Kelley, the Bears compiled a 2\u20137 record, and were outscored 139 to 88. J. McGuinness was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072605-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Brown Bears football team\nThis would be Brown's final year as a football independent, as the Ivy League, which Brown had helped co-found in 1954, began football competition in 1956. Six of the nine opponents on Brown's 1955 schedule were Ivy League members (with Penn the only Ivy not scheduled); for decades, (future) Ivy members had comprised about half of Brown's opponents annually.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072605-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Brown Bears football team\nBrown played its home games at Brown Stadium in Providence, Rhode Island.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072606-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Brownlow Medal\nThe 1955 Brownlow Medal was the 28th year the award was presented to the player adjudged the fairest and best player during the Victorian Football League (VFL) home and away season. Fred Goldsmith of the South Melbourne Football Club won the medal by polling twenty-one votes during the 1955 VFL season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072607-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Bucknell Bison football team\nThe 1955 Bucknell Bison football team was an American football team that represented Bucknell University as an independent during the 1955 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072607-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Bucknell Bison football team\nIn its ninth season under head coach Harry Lawrence, the team compiled a 2\u20136\u20131 record. Bob Sierer and Jim Kozlowski were the team captains.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072607-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Bucknell Bison football team\nThe team played its home games at Memorial Stadium on the university campus in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072608-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Buffalo Bulls football team\nThe 1955 Buffalo Bulls football team was an American football team that represented the University of Buffalo as an independent during the 1955 college football season. In its first season under head coach Dick Offenhamer, the team compiled a 4\u20134\u20131 record. The team played its home games at Rotary Field in Buffalo, New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072609-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Bulgarian Cup\nThe 1955 Bulgarian Cup was the 15th season of the Bulgarian Cup (in this period the tournament was named Cup of the Soviet Army). The tournament started on 16 October 1955 and ended on 11 December with the final. CSKA Sofia won the competition, beating Spartak Plovdiv 5\u20132 after extra time in the final at the Vasil Levski National Stadium in Sofia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072610-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Bulgarian Cup Final\nThe 1955 Bulgarian Cup Final was the 15th final of the Bulgarian Cup (in this period the tournament was named Cup of the Soviet Army), and was contested between CSKA Sofia and Spartak Plovdiv on 11 December 1955 at Vasil Levski National Stadium in Sofia. CSKA won the final 5\u20132 after extra time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072611-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Bulli state by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Bulli on 9 July 1955 because of the death of Laurie Kelly (Labor).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072612-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 CCCF Championship\nThe seventh edition of the CCCF Championship was held in Tegucigalpa, Honduras. Costa Rica won the tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072613-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Cal Aggies football team\nThe 1955 Cal Aggies football team represented the Northern Branch of the College of Agriculture in the 1955 college football season. The team was known as either the Cal Aggies or California Aggies, and competed in the Far Western Conference (FWC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072613-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Cal Aggies football team\nThe Aggies were led by head coach Ted Forbes in his sixth and last season as head coach. This was his second tenure as head coach, having previously been at the helm from 1949 to 1953. They played home games at Aggie Field. The Aggies finished the season with a record of five wins, three losses and one tie (5\u20133\u20131, 3\u20131\u20131 FWC). They outscored their opponents 128\u201379 for the 1955 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072613-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Cal Aggies football team\nIn six years under coach Forbes, Northern Branch compiled a record of 21\u201329\u20132 (15\u20135\u20132 FWC). That's an overall winning percentage of .423. His teams won the FWC conference title in 1949 and 1951 and appeared in a post-season bowl game both times.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072613-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Cal Aggies football team, NFL Draft\nNo Cal Aggies players were selected in the 1956 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 40], "content_span": [41, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072614-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Cal Poly Mustangs football team\nThe 1955 Cal Poly Mustangs football team represented California Polytechnic State University during the 1955 college football season. Cal Poly competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072614-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Cal Poly Mustangs football team\nThe team was led by sixth-year head coach LeRoy Hughes and played home games at Mustang Stadium in San Luis Obispo, California. They finished the season with a record of seven wins and three losses (7\u20133, 2\u20131 CCAA). The Mustangs scored 225 points while giving up 126 in the 1955 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072615-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Cal Poly San Dimas Broncos football team\nThe 1955 Cal Poly San Dimas Broncos football team represented Cal Poly Voorhis Unit during the 1955 college football season. Cal Poly played as an independent in 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072615-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Cal Poly San Dimas Broncos football team\nCal Poly San Dimas was led by third-year head coach Staley Pitts. The Broncos finished the season with a record of four wins and three losses (4\u20133). Overall, the team was outscored by its opponents 102\u2013120 for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072615-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Cal Poly San Dimas Broncos football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Cal Poly San Dimas players were selected in the 1956 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 70], "content_span": [71, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072616-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Calgary Stampeders season\nThe 1955 Calgary Stampeders finished in 5th place in the W.I.F.U. with a 4\u201312 record and failed to make the playoffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072617-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 California Golden Bears football team\nThe 1955 California Golden Bears football team was an American football team that represented the University of California, Berkeley during the 1955 college football season. Under head coach Pappy Waldorf, the team compiled an overall record of 2\u20137\u20131 and 1\u20135\u20131 in conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072618-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Cambodian Geneva Conference referendum\nA referendum on the initiatives of King Norodom Sihanouk at the Geneva Conference was held in Cambodia on 7 February 1955. It was approved by 99.8% of voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072619-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Cambodian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Cambodia on 9 June 1955. The elections were held following the peace established at the 1954 Geneva Conference and the independence of the country. The election were postponed to September 1955. The result was a landslide victory for the Sangkum party, which won all 91 seats. The election was marked by widespread voter fraud and intimidation. This began a period of one-party dominance of Prince Sihanouk's Sangkum until the coup of 1970.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072619-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Cambodian general election, Accusations of fraud\nAfterwards, accusations of massive electoral fraud arose. Kiernan (1985) notes that there were constituencies where the communists were judged to have strong popular support in which the Pracheachon candidates didn't obtain a single vote. In Memot, where communist guerrillas had been strong during the war and where there was a strong leftist following amongst rubber plantation workers, official figures gave 6149 votes for Sangkum, 99 for the Democrats and 0 votes for the Pracheachon candidate Sok Saphai.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 53], "content_span": [54, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072619-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Cambodian general election, Accusations of fraud\nSihanouk himself implicitly admitted the fraud in a 1958 publication. He mentions 39 districts of the country as 'red' or 'pink', based on the 1955 voting. Several of the district he points out as communist strongholds in the 1955 elections, were constituencies where Pracheachon candidates officially had obtained few votes or none at all.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 53], "content_span": [54, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072620-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Campeonato Argentino de Rugby\nThe  1955 Campeonato Argentino de Rugby was won by the selection of Capital that beat in the final the selection of Buenos Aires Province (\"Provincia\").", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072620-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Campeonato Argentino de Rugby, Knock out stages\nThe championship suffer a lot of trouble due to the political situazion in the country with the deposing of Juan Domingo Per\u00f3n during the Revoluci\u00f3n Libertadora.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 52], "content_span": [53, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072620-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Campeonato Argentino de Rugby, Knock out stages\nThe selection of R\u00edo Paran\u00e0 didn't participate and the selection of San Juan withdraws from Quarters of finals after the delay of the match scheduled for 19 September, refusing to play on 2 October.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 52], "content_span": [53, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072621-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Campeonato Carioca\nThe 1955 edition of the Campeonato Carioca kicked off on August 7, 1955 and ended on April 4, 1956. It was organized by FMF (Federa\u00e7\u00e3o Metropolitana de Futebol, or Metropolitan Football Federation). Twelve teams participated. Flamengo won the title for the 13th time. no teams were relegated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072622-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Campeonato Paulista\nThe 1955 Campeonato Paulista da Primeira Divis\u00e3o, organized by the Federa\u00e7\u00e3o Paulista de Futebol, was the 54th season of S\u00e3o Paulo's top professional football league. Santos won the title for the second time. no teams were relegated and the top scorer was Santos's Del Vecchio with 23 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072622-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Campeonato Paulista, Championship\nThe championship was disputed in a double-round robin system, with the team with the most points winning the title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072623-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Campeonato Profesional\nThe 1955 Campeonato Profesional was the eighth season of Colombia's top-flight football league. 10 teams compete against one another and played each weekend. Independiente Medell\u00edn won the league for 1st time in its history after getting 44 points. Atl\u00e9tico Nacional, the defending champion, was 2nd with 39 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072623-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Campeonato Profesional, Background\n10 teams competed in the tournament: Atl\u00e9tico Manizales was dissolved and Uni\u00f3n Magdalena was penalized for withdrawing the previous championship, while C\u00facuta Deportivo return to the tournament and Deportes Tolima debuted. Independiente Medell\u00edn won the championship for first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072623-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Campeonato Profesional, League system\nEvery team played three games against each other team, one at home, one away and the other one at the stadium of the team that was economically worse. Teams received two points for a win and one point for a draw. If two or more teams were tied on points, places were determined by goal difference. The team with the most points is the champion of the league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 42], "content_span": [43, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072624-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Campe\u00f3n de Campeones\nThe 1955 Campeon de Campeones was the 14th Mexican Super Cup football one-leg match played on 3 March 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072625-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Canada Cup\nThe 1955 Canada Cup took place June 9\u201312 at the Columbia Country Club in Chevy Chase, Maryland, a suburb northwest of Washington, D.C., United States. It was the third Canada Cup event, which became the World Cup in 1967. The tournament was a 72-hole stroke play team event with 25 teams; the same teams that had contested the 1954 event. Each team consisted of two players from a country. The combined score of each team determined the team results.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072625-0000-0001", "contents": "1955 Canada Cup\nThe American team of Ed Furgol and Chick Harbert won by nine strokes over the Australian team of Kel Nagle and Peter Thomson. For the first time there was an official competition for the leading individual score. This was won by Ed Furgol, who beat Peter Thomson and Flory Van Donck in a sudden-death playoff.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072625-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Canada Cup, Teams\nThe Scandinavian team consisted of a Dane, Carl Paulsen, and a Swede, Arne Werkell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 22], "content_span": [23, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072625-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Canada Cup, Scores\nFurgol, Thomson and Van Donck contested a sudden-death playoff. Van Donck dropped out after a bogey at the second extra hole. Thomson took a bogey at the third hole which gave Furgol the victory after his par. Thomson took the second prize and Van Donck the third prize.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 23], "content_span": [24, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072625-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Canada Cup, Scores\nThere were additional prizes of $100 each day for the lowest team and individual scores, additional prize money of $800. The team prizes were won the Australia (day 1), Ireland (day 2), the United States and Australia (day 3) and the United States (day 4). The individual prizes went to Peter Thomson (day 1), Harry Bradshaw and Flory Van Donck (day 2), Peter Thomson (day 3) and Ed Furgol (day 4).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 23], "content_span": [24, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072626-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Cannes Film Festival\nThe 8th Cannes Film Festival was held from 26 April to 10 May 1955. The Golden Palm went to the US film Marty by Delbert Mann. The festival opened with Du rififi chez les hommes by Jules Dassin and closed with Carmen Jones by Otto Preminger.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072626-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Cannes Film Festival\nUntil the 1954 Festival, the whimsical way various prizes were being awarded had drawn much criticism. In answer to this, from 1955 onwards, the Jury was composed of foreign celebrities from the film industry. In 1955, the first Palme d'Or was awarded, as the highest prize of the Festival.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072626-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Cannes Film Festival, Jury\nThe following people were appointed as the Jury of the 1955 competition:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 31], "content_span": [32, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072626-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Cannes Film Festival, Films out of competition\nThe following films were selected to be screened out of competition:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 51], "content_span": [52, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072626-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Cannes Film Festival, Short film competition\nThe following short films competed for the Short Film Palme d'Or:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 49], "content_span": [50, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072627-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Caribbean Series\nThe seventh edition of the Caribbean Series (Serie del Caribe) was played in 1955. It was held from February 10 through February 15, featuring the champion baseball teams from Cuba, Alacranes de Almendares; Panama, Carta Vieja Yankees; Puerto Rico, Cangrejeros de Santurce, and Venezuela, Navegantes del Magallanes. The format consisted of 12 games, each team facing the other teams twice. The games were played at Estadio Universitario in Caracas, the capital city of Venezuela, which boosted capacity to 22,690 seats, while the ceremonial first pitch was thrown by Marcos P\u00e9rez Jim\u00e9nez, by then the President of Venezuela.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 646]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072627-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Caribbean Series, Summary\nPuerto Rico won the Series with a 5\u20131 record en route for a third straight championship. The Cangrejeros club was managed by Herman Franks and led by the dynamic shortstop Don Zimmer, who posted a .400 batting average (8-for-20) with a .950 slugging and led the hitters with three home runs. Santurce also received a considerable support from outfielders Willie Mays (two HR, nine RBI, six runs, 885 SLG), Roberto Clemente (one HR, .577 SLG, seven runs) and Bob Thurman (.318). Also helping out were catcher Harry Chiti (.333, one HR, .667 SLG) and third baseman Buster Clarkson (.313).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 617]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072627-0001-0001", "contents": "1955 Caribbean Series, Summary\nBill Greason (2\u20130, 2.00 ERA), Sad Sam Jones (1\u20130, 1.50) and Rub\u00e9n G\u00f3mez (1\u20130) led the pitching staff, while Zimmer claimed Most Valuable Player honors. Puerto Rico also had veteran OF Luis Rodr\u00edguez Olmo in addition to Tite Arroyo (P) and George Crowe (1B). Mays, after going 0-for-13 in the Series, hit a two-out, two-run walk-off homer in the 11th inning of Game 6. Then, he went 11-for-13 in the next three games to finish with a second-best average of .462 (12-for-26) and leading the series in RBI.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 534]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072627-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Caribbean Series, Summary\nThe Venezuelan team finished in second place with a 4\u20132 record and was managed by L\u00e1zaro Salazar. Magallanes was responsible for the only defeat suffered by Santurce, 7\u20132 in the closing game, and previously had been beaten by Cuba 1\u20130 in a pitching duel and by Puerto Rico, 4\u20132 in an extrainning game. It was the best performance by a Venezuelan team to that point. The offensive was led by part-time OF Pablo Garc\u00eda, who hit .500 (6-for-12), including three runs, six RBI and a .917 SLG.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072627-0002-0001", "contents": "1955 Caribbean Series, Summary\nOther contributions came from 2B Jack Lohrke (.348, four runs, .478 SLG), 1B Bob Skinner (.280. two HR, four RBI), RF George Wilson (.381, five RBI, .762 SLG), 3B Luis Garc\u00eda (6-for-21, two runs, two RBI) and Chico Carrasquel (five runs, four RBI). Jos\u00e9 Bracho (2\u20130, 0.53 ERA) led a pitching staff that included Emilio Cueche (1\u20131, 2.00), Joe Margoneri (1\u20130, 2.00), Ram\u00f3n Monzant (0\u20131, 3.27) and reliever Bill Kennedy (1\u20130), 0.00). Also in the roster were outfielders Bob Lennon (5-for-19) and Dalmiro Finol (2-for-13).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 550]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072627-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Caribbean Series, Summary\nGuided by Bobby Bragan, Almendares finished 2\u20134 for the worst record ever by a Cuban team in the Series. A one-man offensive attack, 1B Rocky Nelson led the Series hitters with a .471 average (8-for-18) and collected a .647 SLG. Other support came from C Gus Triandos (.263, two HRs, seven RBI, .579 SLG). The starting staff was composed by Cholly Naranjo (1\u20130, 2.00 ERA), Joe Hatten (1\u20131, 3.00), Red Munger (0\u20131, 7.50) and Roger Bowman (0\u20131, 5.00). Other players for Cuba included Ps Lino Donoso, Al Lyons and Conrado Marrero; IFs Willy Miranda, H\u00e9ctor Rodr\u00edguez and Jos\u00e9 Valdivielso, as well as OFs Rom\u00e1n Mej\u00edas, Carlos Paula, Earl Rapp and Lee Walls.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 684]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072627-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Caribbean Series, Summary\nFor last place Panama, managed by Al Kubski, the top player was LF  Guilford Dickens, who batted .364 with a .682 SLG and hit both of the team's home runs. SP Humberto Robinson (1\u20130, 12 SO, 1.64 ERA) recorded the only victory for Carta Vieja, while Bill Harris and Ernie Lawrence both finished 0\u20132. Other players included Milt Graff (IF), John Fitzgerald (P), Fred Marolewski (IF) and Spider Wilhelm (IF)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072628-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Carmarthenshire County Council election\nAn election to the Carmarthenshire County Council was held in April 1955. It was preceded by the 1952 election and followed, by the 1958 election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072628-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Overview of the result\nAfter six years under Labour control, the election produced a very close result with 29 Labour candidates, 28 Independents and 2 Plaid Cymru candidates being returned after the contested elections. With the support of the two Plaid Cymru members, the Independents then proceeded to take seven of the eight aldermanic vacancies and to offer the other to the President of Plaid Cymru, Gwynfor Evans with the result that the Independent group regained control of the authority.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 68], "content_span": [69, 543]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072628-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Retiring aldermen\nA number of retiring councilors stood down to allow retiring aldermen to be returned unopposed. These included the members for Kidwelly, Llanelly Division 2, 6 and 7, Pontyberem and Westfa. Four of these members would not be returned to the new council the aldermen were not re-elected. At Llansawel, Alderman David Thomas withdrew rather than face a contest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 63], "content_span": [64, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072628-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Unopposed returns\n39 members were returned unopposed, an increase of five compared with 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 63], "content_span": [64, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072628-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Contested elections\n20 seats were contested. Labour defeats at St Ishmaels and one of the Llanelli wards, to Independents, and at Ammanford, to Plaid Cymru, led to their losing their majority of elected councillors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 65], "content_span": [66, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072628-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Contested elections\nA number of retiring aldermen stood as candidates and were returned unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 65], "content_span": [66, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072628-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Summary of results\nThis section summarises the detailed results which are noted in the following sections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 64], "content_span": [65, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072628-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Summary of results\nThis table summarises the result of the elections in all wards. 59 councillors were elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 64], "content_span": [65, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072628-0008-0000", "contents": "1955 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Election of aldermen\nIn addition to the 59 councillors the council consisted of 19 county aldermen. Aldermen were elected by the council, and served a six-year term. Following the elections, seven of the ten aldermanic vacancies were taken by the Independents and an eighth by Gwynfor Evans of Plaid Cymru, whose two representatives aligned with the Independents to guarantee their majority.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 66], "content_span": [67, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072628-0009-0000", "contents": "1955 Carmarthenshire County Council election, By-elections\nFollowing the selection of aldermen the following by-elections were held.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 58], "content_span": [59, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072629-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Central Michigan Chippewas football team\nThe 1955 Central Michigan Chippewas football team represented Central Michigan College, renamed Central Michigan University in 1959, in the Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (IIAC) during the 1955 college football season. In their fifth season under head coach Kenneth \"Bill\" Kelly, the Chippewas compiled an 8\u20131 record (5\u20131 against IIAC opponents), tied for the IIAC championship shut out three of nine opponents, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 327 to 79.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 535]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072629-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Central Michigan Chippewas football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Mike Sweeney with 302 passing yards, Bernie Raterink with 1,044 rushing yards, and Ray Sine with 140 receiving yards. Raterink received the team's most valuable player award. Four Central Michigan players (Raterink, guard Ray Figg, center Dick Kackmeister, and end Jarv Walz) received first-team honors on the All-IIAC team. Raterink was also named most valuable player in the IIAC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072630-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Challenge Desgrange-Colombo\nThe 1955 Challenge Desgrange-Colombo was the eighth edition of the Challenge Desgrange-Colombo. It included eleven races: all the races form the 1954 edition were retained with no additions. Stan Ockers won the individual championship while Belgium retained the nations championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072631-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Chatham Cup\nThe 1955 Chatham Cup was the 28th annual nationwide knockout football competition in New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072631-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Chatham Cup\nThe competition was run on a regional basis, with regional associations each holding separate qualifying rounds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072631-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Chatham Cup\nTeams taking part in the final rounds are known to have included Eastern Suburbs (Auckland), Huntly Thistle, Eastern Union (Gisborne), New Plymouth Old Boys, Napier Rovers, Wanganui Athletic, Kiwi United (Manawatu), Masterton Athletic, Victoria University, Western (Christchurch), and Roslyn-Wakari (Dunedin).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072631-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Chatham Cup, The 1955 final\nIn the final, winger Peter Saunderson became the seventh player to score a finals hat-trick. Western's total of six goals equalled Waterside's tally from the 1940 final, and the aggregate of eight goals also equalled the record set in that final. The game was played in a howling Wellington southerly, and Western made full use of it in the first half, rattling in four goals. John White and Alex Davis had both scored in the opening dozen minutes, and these were added to by both Saunderson and Stan Ralph. In the second half Anderson and King reduced the deficit to two before Saunderson scored a further brace to seal the win for the southerners. King's goal was his sixth in Chatham Cup finals, after a hat-trick in the 1951 Final and two more in 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 32], "content_span": [33, 789]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072632-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Chattanooga Moccasins football team\nThe 1955 Chattanooga Moccasins football team was an American football team that represented the University of Chattanooga (now known as the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga) during the 1955 college football season. In their 25th year under head coach Scrappy Moore, the team compiled a 5\u20134\u20131 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072633-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Chevrolet\nThe 1955 Chevrolet (sometimes referred to as '55 Chevy) is an automobile which was introduced by Chevrolet in Autumn 1954 for the 1955 model year. It is considered a huge turning point for the manufacturer and a major success. It was available in three models: the 150, 210, and Bel Air.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072633-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Chevrolet\nThe '55 Chevrolet was the first successful Chevrolet with an optional V8 engine. Chevrolet had produced an earlier car with a V8 in 1918 (Chevrolet Series D), which used a 36-horsepower overhead valve 288-cubic-inch V8, but it remained in production for only a year. In 1955, Chevrolet decided to fit its new car with an overhead valve V8 engine design, which was similar to the 1949 Oldsmobile \"Rocket 88\" V8 engine which was an earlier GM success. Chevrolet's new 265-cubic-inch overhead valve V8 was designed to be smaller, lighter, and more powerful than previous V8s in the auto industry, and would come to be known as the \"Chevy small block\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 663]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072633-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Chevrolet\nHowever, the new small block engine in the '55 Chevrolet had some early teething issues. Some problems existed with cracked pistons, there was no integrated oil filter, so an external bypass filter was offered as a factory or dealer option. Those who did not order the engine with the \"oil filter option\" dealt with a high frequency of oil changes. Even with the oil filter option, only part of the oil was actually filtered (the oil going through the thermostat). This issue was corrected for the next year when a full flow oil filter system was added to the engine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 582]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072633-0002-0001", "contents": "1955 Chevrolet\nAdditionally, to keep performance and mileage levels high required spark plug and ignition points to be replaced on a regular basis. But other than those issues it was an easy to maintain engine. The small block Chevrolet V8 became so popular that Chevrolet still sells it today as an over the counter replacement engine or better known as a \"crate engine\". There have been various changes made to the engine to modernize it since its introduction in 1954 however the basic design of the original 265 remains in place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072633-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Chevrolet, Body design\nAdditionally, Chevrolet drastically changed its body design. The 1955 Chevrolet had smooth straight panels on the sides and hood. This was a major departure from previous years for Chevrolet. Although Ford introduced what would be the first \"shoe box\" body design in 1949, GM and Chrysler were slow to catch on, only slowly replacing some of their bubble-like hood and side panels with flatter ones each year, without achieving a full shoebox look by 1954. But in 1955, Chevrolet designed the entire car with the full shoebox look. Along with the flatter straighter panels, the '55 also had modern cues like wrap-around glass on the windshield, and triangular tail lights that jutted outward. This new look, combined with new power and engineering, made the '55 an instant hit with the buying public and a critical success.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 27], "content_span": [28, 851]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072633-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Chevrolet, Body design\nThe car's popular \"shoe-box\" body style and chassis were carried over to 1956 (with changes to some of the front and rear aesthetics and bottom body line), and then carried over to 1957 (where the body was lengthened several inches in the rear and more drastic aesthetic changes were made).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 27], "content_span": [28, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072633-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 Chevrolet, Body design\nThe '55, '56 and '57 Chevrolets are sought after by collectors, enthusiasts and hot rodders, and the three model years are often referred to by the given nickname of the \"tri-fives.\" Collectors will pay a premium for two-door models, and even more for the Bel Air version, especially the two-door hardtop (two-door, no side post). Today, 1955 Chevrolet two door hard tops command top dollar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 27], "content_span": [28, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072633-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 Chevrolet, Options and trim\nThe 1955 Chevrolet also offered many other firsts for Chevrolet, including changing from a 6-volt to a 12-volt electrical system. The '55 offered new options like air conditioning, power windows, power seats, power steering and power brakes. Other options included automatic light dimmers, door handle protectors, bumper protectors and \"wonder-bar\" radios. So many new options were available that some referred to the car as \"Chevy's little Cadillac.\" Never before had so many options been offered for a car in the low-price field.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 32], "content_span": [33, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072633-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 Chevrolet, Options and trim\nThe '55's top trim offering was the Bel-Air, which had more chrome than the 150 or 210. The Bel-Air, 210 and 150 model could be bought as a four-door, or could be bought as a two door with a post between the front and rear passenger windows, known as the two-door sedan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 32], "content_span": [33, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072633-0008-0000", "contents": "1955 Chevrolet, Options and trim\nThe Bel-Air or 210 model could also be had as a two door with no post between the side windows. This was known as the sport coupe, or better known by collectors as \"the two door hardtop\". Since this model had no post between the two side windows, it had a shorter roof and longer rear deck than the two door sedan had. Chevrolet also offered a convertible, with the same shorter roof and longer rear deck as the sport coupe, and it was offered in Bel-Air trim only.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 32], "content_span": [33, 498]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072633-0009-0000", "contents": "1955 Chevrolet, Options and trim\n1955 also saw the introduction of the Bel Air Nomad, a sporty two-door station wagon which featured frameless door glass and elongated side windows. The unique roof design of the Nomad came directly from the 1954 Corvette Nomad, a \"dream car\" designed to be shown at auto shows as a concept sport wagon. Although regarded as one of the most beautiful station wagon designs of Fifties, the Nomad sold poorly, partly due to its price tag (one of the most expensive models in the Bel Air lineup) as well as its lack of four doors. Also the Nomad's two-piece tailgate design was prone to let excess rainwater leak through to the interior.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 32], "content_span": [33, 667]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072633-0010-0000", "contents": "1955 Chevrolet, Options and trim\nThe '55 offered a wide array of colors. One solid color, which was standard for the 150, could be had for the 210 or Bel Air...or nineteen different two-tone color combinations were also available.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 32], "content_span": [33, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072633-0011-0000", "contents": "1955 Chevrolet, Options and trim\nAlong with a standard column-mounted three speed synchro-mesh transmission, the buyer of a '55 Chevrolet could specify an optional overdrive unit to go with it, or the fully automatic two-speed Powerglide transmission. Although most everything was new in 1955 for Chevrolet, the reliable Powerglide was mostly unchanged from '54.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 32], "content_span": [33, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072633-0012-0000", "contents": "1955 Chevrolet, Models\nThere were nine different variations of the three models made in 1955, with differences in body, roof type, number of doors, and available equipment, but not all possible combinations were sold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072633-0013-0000", "contents": "1955 Chevrolet, Engines\nThe 265 was new for 1955, and it was the first V8 available in a Chevrolet since 1918 Model \"D\" was offered. That car did not sell well due to its price during an oncoming recession throughout World War-I, so Chevrolet reverted to OHV inline 4-cylinder engines until 1929 when Chevrolet switched to an inline 6-cylinder engine. This reliable six cylinder would power Chevrolet cars until 1963 and was known as the \"stove-bolt six\". However, the new 265 V-8 in 1955 offered more power than the six, and weighed 100 pounds less.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 23], "content_span": [24, 550]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072633-0014-0000", "contents": "1955 Chevrolet, Engines\nThe 265 was a big success, and was fitted to the majority of Chevrolet cars for decades in various cubic inch displacements. It is commonly referred to as the \"Small Block Chevy\" motor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 23], "content_span": [24, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072633-0015-0000", "contents": "1955 Chevrolet, Transmissions\nThe car contained one of three transmission types, all with the shifter on the column:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 29], "content_span": [30, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072634-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Chicago Bears season\nThe 1955 season was the Chicago Bears' 36th in the National Football League. The team matched on their 8\u20134 record from 1954 under head coach George Halas, repeating as the runner-up in the NFL's Western Conference. Chicago opened the season with three losses, then won eight of nine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072634-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Chicago Bears season\nDuring the season, owner Halas announced that he was stepping down as head coach, ending his third ten-year tenure as coach. Longtime assistant Paddy Driscoll, age 61, was promoted in early February, led the team for two seasons, then was reassigned when Halas returned as head coach in 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072634-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Chicago Bears season, Regular season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 52], "content_span": [53, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072635-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Chicago Cardinals season\nThe 1955 Chicago Cardinals season was the 36th season the team was in the league. The team improved on their previous output of 2\u201310, winning four games. They failed to qualify for the playoffs for the seventh consecutive season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072635-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Chicago Cardinals season, Schedule, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 50], "content_span": [51, 123]}}